IMPORTANT SAFETY TIPS FOR CONSTRUCTION SITE

ISSUED BY

Tata Consulting Engineers Limited

Construction Business Unit Pune, India

FOREWORD
Dear TCE ites, Implementation of construction activities in a safe manner requires liberal use of common sense, little precautions and strict adherence to the safe working practices defined in Safety Manual. We in TCE have always given high priority to ensure safe working and take pride in not compromising safety under any circumstances. We are committed to safety of human life and the works at site and sincerely believe in putting in all endeavors to collectively improve work processes and share responsibility towards safety, health and environmental conditions at work site and aim for making each site a zero accident site. Your skills and knowledge are very important to your family, yourself and the project; protect these assets by working safely. This document is for guidance and is a quick reference to the general safety standards. These are derived from our safety manual, years of observations, practical experience within our sites and outside. Accidents are preventable. Your personal involvement in accident prevention is essential to ensure safe and accident-free working environment in our organization. A.S. Prabhudesai Senior Vice President, CNBU
2

INDEX
Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Description Safety, health and environment policy Ten commandments of safety for site supervision Accidents Office safety Safety in electrical works Safety in use of ladder Safety in scaffolding Safety while working at heights and below ground level Safety in using hand tools/machines Safety in use of cranes and excavation machines Safety in material handling Safety in gas cutting and welding operation Safety in confined space working Safety in Tunneling Safety on roads Safety in housekeeping Fire safety Personal protective equipment First-aid & Emergency plan Dos and Donts Safety Audit Page No.

Tata Consulting Engineers Limited

SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT POLICY

We at Tata Consulting Engineers Limited (TCE) are committed to continually improving our performance related to Safety, Health and Environment. Towards this end, TCE will ensure that Safe and healthy environment is provided to all its employees at their workplaces, Safe work practices are observed at all project sites that it is associated with, Environment friendly practices are adopted in meeting its own needs, Where relevant, environment friendly solutions are advocated to its Customers, Safety, Health and Environmental hazards are proactively identified and risks are assessed and controlled, Employees are trained to perform their work in a safe and environmentally responsible manner. TCE will implement this policy in compliance with all applicable Safety, Health and Environmental codes and standards as well as legal and statutory requirements. Chief Executive Officer & Managing Director

TEN COMMANDMENTS OF SAFETY SUPERVISION 1. Care for all people at work sites as you would care for people at home. Ensure each workman and staff understands and accepts their personal responsibility towards safety. 2. Know the rules of safety that apply to the work you supervise. A situation should never arise that one of the workman was injured due to lack of awareness about the safety rules of the job. 3. Anticipate the risks that may arise from changes in equipment or methods. Make use of the expert safety advice available to help you guard against such risks. 4. Encourage workmen to discuss with you the hazards involved in their work. No job should proceed where a question of safety remains unanswered. Openness to the ideas of workmen provides first hand knowledge that will help you prevent needless loss and suffering. 5. Instruct workmen to work safely, as you would guide and counsel your family at home with persistence. 6. Consistently follow-up your instructions to them, see to that the workmen make use of safe guards provided. 7. Set a good example. Demonstrate safety in your habit and personal conduct. 8. Investigate and analyze every unsafe event / accident, however insignificant it may be, where minor injuries go unheeded, a crippling accident may strike later. 9. Co-operate fully with those in any organization who are actively concerned with employees safety. Their dedicated purpose is to keep all workmen fully able on the job and cut the heavy toll of accident. 10. Remember: Not only does accident prevention reduce human suffering and loss; it is also a good business practice. Safety, therefore, is one of our prime obligations to our Company, Fellow Managers and Fellow Men and to the society.

ACCIDENTS Generally accidents happen due to unforeseen, uncontrolled and unplanned events. They could lead to personal injury or damage to property. Causes of Accidents 1. Unsafe Acts: Violation of: Safety norms. Safety rules. Safety Instructions. Safe working practices Not using: Personal Protective Equipment Safety guards. Safety gadgets. Proper tools. Good housekeeping practices. Personal attitude: Casual attitude Failure to recognize potential dangers Horseplay at work places Disturbing concentration of others by talking Operating without training, without knowing, without experience or without orders etc. Personal factors: Impulsiveness Lack of attention / sleep Irresponsibility Defective vision Accident proneness Food habits and drinks / drug habits Psycho-physical characteristics Worry and emotion Age, sex, physical fitness
6

2.

Unsafe Conditions Bad selection of men, machinery, material and methods. Faulty design of machine Insufficient and inadequate guards Inadequate air, light and environment Absence of caution boards / Notice boards / place cards Improper maintenance or non performance of periodical maintenance. Faulty purchase / Lowest Quotation.

3.

Natural Calamities Heavy down pour Lightning Floods Landslide Collapsing of building Earthquake Tornado etc.

Prevention of Accidents 1. ENGINEERING METHODS To keep the danger zone guarded. To keep the person away from danger zone. To maintain good housekeeping at the work place. 2. EDUCATION AND TRAINING (INDUCTION) : Orientation program for each new recruit about safety rules and regulations, safety procedures and work methods, accident reporting systems etc.

OFFICE SAFETY HAZARDS Slipping, tripping and falling at a level or to a lower level. Fire hazard ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Office Head / Site In-charge / Safety Officer/ Engineer / Supervisor PRECAUTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Do not Smoke in offices Keep gangways clear Ensure emergency exit route is clear Maintain good housekeeping. Provide proper ventilation Plan the layout of furniture or equipment so that you are not colliding with object or working in poor light. 7. See adequate illumination is provided at work places all lamps and fittings have been cleaned and maintained. Check the Lux level periodically. 8. See that furniture is ergonomically designed. 9. Provide adequate visuals in offices where narrow alleys with abrupt turns exist. 10. See carpets are not worn out. 11. See that walking surface is not slippery. 12. See all air conditioners or Air Handling Units are well maintained. 13. See that all electrical fittings are well maintained. 14. Check that three pin plugs and sockets have been provided on all electrical equipment in use. 15. See that fire detection & alarm system is functional 16. Check that sufficient fire extinguishers are provided and maintained 17. See sufficient numbers of employees know the location of the fire extinguishers & know to operate fire extinguishers. 18. See first-aid boxes are provided, location is known and are well maintained. 19. See emergency preparedness plan is ready and communicated to all. 20. Ensure to display emergency contact numbers & persons such as Police, Fire, Ambulance, Hospital etc. 21. Maintain and operate lifts as per statutory requirement. 22. Check noise levels periodically 23. Ensure proper portable water and sanitation facilities.

SAFETY IN ELECTRICAL WORKS HAZARDS The main hazards in electrical works are electrocution, burns, fire and explosion. When working on high altitude there are possibilities of slipping and falling. ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor PRECAUTIONS 1. Do not attempt to work on electrical apparatus unless authorized to do so. 2. Do not stand on wet or damp floor while working. Preferably use wooden or rubber mat base (insulating material) for standing. 3. Use of Metallic ladders should be avoided for repairing of electrical works. 4. Any employee noticing defective electrical equipment should report it to the concerned authority. 5. Wherever necessary take Work Permit from concerned authority. 6. All wire must be treated as live wire until it is positively known that they are dead. 7. To know whether there is a current in the line or not , do not try to know it by touching 8. Wiring shall be installed in such a manner that it is not subjected to physical damage. 9. Repair and maintenance works of electrical line or equipment should be done by qualified authorized electrician using insulated tools only. Hand gloves and tools with insulated handles must be used. 10. Portable electrical equipment is generally equipped with a ground wire. If such ground wires are not provided, they must be installed and the equipment should not be used till such time that the earthing is provided. 11. Lockable (without key) type three pin Plug and sockets assembly should be preferred for power receptacles for temporary power connection so that the plug does not come out easily. 12. Earth leakage protection device shall be used for the ground fault protection. The rating of ELCB shall be 30 mA and the ELCB should clear the fault within 200 milli-second time. 13. Label all the receptacles on temporary racks with the circuit voltages present and identification of source of power. 14. Do not close switches of a line after work, unless you get written line clearance information from the concerned authorized officer saying that all men or material and earthing on line have been removed. 15. Do not use water, soda acid or foam fire extinguishers on electrical fires as they may result in fatal shock. Switch off the power supply and use only dry powder or carbondioxide fire extinguishers. 9

SAFETY IN USE OF LADDERS HAZARDS Slipping and falling from heights. Toppling of ladders ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor PRECAUTIONS 1. While placing ladder the horizontal distance from the base of ladder to the vertical plane of support should be approximately one fourth of ladder length. ( The ladder bottom should be 1 meter from the object against which the top is leaning if the ladder length is 4 meter). Therefore angle of ladder legs with ground should be approximately 75.52 o 2. Never use an unsound ladder. 3. Before using a ladder inspect for missing cleat or cracked rungs. 4. Ladder should not be painted 5. Ensure that ladder is set on a firm level base. 6. Do not place a ladder close to live electric wiring. 7. Have a man at the foot to hold the ladder or lash the top of ladder securely against resting face. 8. Do not carry load on person while climbing or descending the ladder-use a hoist line 9. Do not lean sideways from a ladder- it is safe to move the ladder after the person has alighted. 10. Never lash two ladders to make longer one. 11. Face a ladder climbing or descending 12. Never slide down of ladder. 13. Mobile scaffold / ladders / telescopic ladder shall be maintained properly. Attached wheel locks, riggers etc. should be always functional. No person should be allowed to stand on top when these are being moved. 14. Preferably use cage ladder for back rest. 15. Use fall arrestors with full body safety belt or double hook safety belt. 16. In the event of more height and numbers of ladders required, after every ladder provide a landing platform for rest and next ladder rungs should be at 900 to earlier ladder to essentially break continuous traverse.

10

SAFETY IN SCAFFOLDING HAZARDS Fall of persons Fall of material and articles Failure of scaffolding due to overloading Failure of the scaffolding members during erection and dismantling Contact with energized lines. Environmental ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor PRECAUTIONS 1. The scaffold must be Double scaffolding, sturdily built and properly secured. 2. The scaffold must not be overloaded. 3. Scaffold higher than 3 meters above the ground must be equipped with minimum two level hand rails approximate 1.2 meter decking for top hand rail. 4. If a scaffold is intended for holding bolts, flanges, bricks, etc., it should have a toeboard installed to prevent material from falling as well as person slipping and falling. 5. Decking on scaffold have minimum gaps in between and must be properly secured. Minimum square floor opening grills / grating or chequered plate be used for flooring to avoid falling of objects such as nuts, bolts, washers etc. 6. Scaffold build over passage ways should provide a head clearance of not less than two meters 7. All scaffolds shall have installed ladders or other suitable means for vertical ascent. Portions of scaffold, however, may be used as rungs of ladder. 8. Minimum two accesses / approaches to be ensured for every scaffold. 9. Before erecting scaffold near any electrical lines or exposed electrical equipment, concerned people should consult their authorities to determine what special precautions are required to be taken. Scaffolds should be ensure not to be with in range of flux linkage of electrical conductors 10. Scaffold built in or extending into roadways and walkways shall bear red light markers at night and red flag markers during the day. 11. Provide adequate workspace to enable workmen to move freely in connection with their work. 12. Scaffolding on hot equipment should be constructed and maintained in a manner to prevent fire. Wooden planks should be kept such a way that it will not touch the hot equipment. As far as possible use of wooden planks be avoided and minimum square floor opening grills / grating or chequered plate clamped securely using nuts & bolts be preferred. 11

SAFETY WHILE WORKING AT HEIGHTS AND BELOW GROUND LEVEL HAZARDS A condition or situation that could result into fall A condition or situation that could result in person getting buried. ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor PRECAUTIONS 1. Check whether there is a safe method of getting to and from the work area with minimum two accesses / exits. 2. Decide what particular equipment will be suitable for the job and the conditions on site. 3. All employees should secure properly, tools and other material on platform; scaffolds or any other elevated points so that they will not fall. Use minimum square floor grill / grating or chequered plate for base (floor) & toe guard / board for avoiding fall of materials or slippage & fall of person. Tie hand tools to belts. 4. Make sure that scaffolding and ladders are as per safety standard norms. Ladder be preferably cage ladder & scaffolds should have minimum two level hand rails with top layer at 1.2 m from scaffold floor level. 5. Check any equipment provided by another company is safe on site before using it. 6. If no other means of providing a safe place of work at height is available, then appropriately anchored harness should be worn; whenever harnesses are used a method must be available to enable people to be rescued from fall and being left suspended in their harness by way of achor from nearest permanent structure or lifelines. 7. When selecting a safe system of work at heights, all the risks have to be considered before one method is selected. For example, if nets are selected, is there adequate clearance under the nets to prevent injury to those who may fall into them? If harnesses are used, is there sufficient clearance from the ground to allow the shock absorbing lanyard or inertia reel to fully extend. 8. Physical condition and suitability of steps, rung ladders. 9. Helmet with chin straps, in working condition. 10. Safety belt with double lanyard with arrangement for life line support. 11. Manila rope used as lifeline or for any other purpose shall be checked before each application and in each shift, when it is in use. 12. Area on ground beneath the height where job is being executed has been properly barricaded / fenced indicating danger, displaying necessary placards. 13. Concerned departmental personnel whose work may get affected by the job have been identified and communicated. 12

14. Any work at height shall be carried out only in presence of skilled supervisor. 15. Only trained persons shall be allowed to work at height. Workers will have to be permitted to work at height only after clearing height phobia test and upon certification by registered medical practitioner to that effect. 16. If working at height includes gas cutting and welding, working in gaseous hazardous area, near electrical installation, work permit should be obtained from authorized agencies separately for each hazard.

Below ground level 1. While making excavations, trial pits must be excavated to detect existing services if any, in the alignment of the excavation. 2. Concerned agencies who have provided the services be formally informed of the program for excavation so that they can send their representative at the place of excavation. 3. Care should be exercised to ensure that any buried cable or services are not damaged. Clearance must be obtained from Utility Department as regard layout / routing of buried services to ensure not to foul with excavation. 4. Employees must properly barricade all excavations, manholes, valve boxes, pipe tranches etc., if such opening is to be left over-night in a frequented location; it is the responsibility of the group doing the work at such location to ensure that necessary arrangements are made for installing caution signs, barricade etc. 5. Where shoring, bracing or other types of supports are considered necessary for excavation, they should be provided by those executing the job. 6. Excavation 1.5 M more in depth shall be provided with minimum two ladders for access. Hot Work Permit be secured for deep excavation jobs where head is below grade. 7. No equipment, material be stored within 2 to 2.5 meters from the edge of the open excavation. 8. Edge of the excavation should not be vertical but should be profiled outwards at the top to avoid fall of soil. Which could entrap personnel.

13

SAFETY IN USING HAND TOOLS / MACHINES HAZARDS Hit by flying object Cut or hand injury ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor PRECAUTIONS 1. Do not transfer the tools from one man to another by throwing. Instead hand them over in a safe way. 2. Tools should be used only for the purpose for which they are designed and should be inspected periodically for defects. Return defective tools to tool room for repairs. Redeploy such defective tools only after the repairs are done to eliminate the defects in totality. 3. Provide a fitness tag with date of checking on tools after each inspection. 4. Tools having burns, cracks, mushroomed heads, and broken, loose or splintered handle must not be used. Return such tools to tool room. 5. Always use a holder with a chisel or drill when sledging. 6. No edged or pointed tools shall be carried in pockets or belt, or transported unless they are fully protected. 7. A screw driver should not be used as a chisel or lever. 8. When using screw driver do not hold material in hand. 9. Electrician should use tools with only insulated handles. 10. Non-sparking tools shall be used, wherever explosive or flammable material is present. 11. When handling springs or cutting wires or material under tension, use caution to prevent its flying back or springing. 12. Do not leave tools hanging on platform, pipes, and work tables or on the machinery which on falling may cause injury. 13. Take care and avoid using tools which do not have handle. As they may cause injury. 14. Ensure to use tools such as grinding machines with proper safety guard in place. 15. Electrically operated hand tools such as drilling machines, grinding machines should be used only with three pin plugs and sockets with proper earthings. 16. Electrical cable used in hand tool should be of rated capacity and as far as possible joint free. 17. Ensure use of proper hand gloves, face shields, goggles etc. based on the tools to be used. 18. Do not use over size spanners with packing for tightening nuts or bolts. 14

SAFETY IN USE OF CRANES AND EXCAVATION MACHINES HAZARDS Capsizing / Toppling Collapse / Failure of boom. Object falling from height Swinging / Load hitting adjacent structure ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor PRECAUTIONS 1. Crane shall be stationed for operation only on firm ground. Tyre mounted Hydraulic crane with telescopic boom must be leveled on out riggers and load of crane must be on out riggers and not on tyres. 2. All mobile cranes shall meet the Motor Vehicle Act and other statutory requirements, and be operated by experienced and licensed operators having valid license only. 3. All mobile cranes must have Load Chart, Angle Indicator, Level Indicator, Safe Load Indicator, and Boom Back Stop. 4. A crane should never be overloaded beyond 85% of its rated capacity 5. Do not carry loads above people / no one must walk under a suspended load. Load movement are must be cordoned off / barricaded & entry restricted. 6. No person is allowed to ride on loads being carried. 7. Never use crane for side pulls. 8. The operator should not leave his position at the control while the load is suspended and till the load is released & there is no load on the crane hook. 9. Only authorized persons shall make sling hitches and give signals for operation. 10. Ensure a tag line or a guide rope/s held by an experienced person / s in case of a freely swinging load. 11. All exposed moving parts shall be adequately guarded, and the crane must be provided with automatic braking device in case of power failure. Load exceeding 75% of the crane capacity or load lifted above a building or a structure, and load being lifted by 2 cranes is considered Critical Load. Lifting of all such loads shall be approved by a team comprising Contract Administrator, Construction Manager and Crane Inspector. 12. Due permission must be obtained if the crane is to be operated in the vicinity of electrical lines, and proper clearances maintained. 13. Before commencing travelling or when the hook approaches near or over personnel, warning signal should be sounded. 14. When work is stopped crane should be kept in parking position and ignition key in possession of authorized operator. Under no circumstances key should be made 15

available to the cleaner of crane. In case of hydraulic operated telescopic boom must be totally taken in and made horizontal and hook for any crane should not be allowed to swing the hook must be anchored to crane body). 15. Crane to be deployed must be with latest valid load test certificate issued by Government approved Competent Person and condition of all parts such as , drum, wire ropes, hook, brake for drum, pulleys, boom, hydraulic system including pumps, locks etc. must be duly certified by Government approved Competent Person.

Excavation Machines

16. Tyre mounted cranes shall be equipped with outriggers to properly stabilize the crane while operating. 17. On all mobile cranes the hoist and boom drums shall be provided with pawl or dog (without counter weight) in addition to the brake to hold the load and the boom when suspended. 18. The operator shall not leave the cab while master clutch is engaged. 19. Cranes or shovels setting on steep slopes / grades shall be securely blocked or secured with a tail hold. 20. In addition to the qualified / experienced operator, there shall be another crew as an oiler / rigger / signaler to guide the operator when his vision is obscured / impaired, and be available as a second person required skill if and when need arises during any emergency. 21. Control handles, levers and switches shall be marked to show their functions and how they should be operated, and shall be designed such that they cannot be operated accidentally. 22. Where ground is soft or uneven, timbering and planking shall be used to provide firm foundation and distribution of the load. 23. All persons shall keep away from the shovels swing and shall not be permitted to stand at the back of the shovel or in line with the swing of the dipper during operation or movement of the shovel. 24. Unauthorized persons shall not be allowed on the shovel nor shall the operator engage himself in conversation with anyone while operating the machine. 25. The shovel dipper shall rest on ground or on blocking during shutdown periods.

16

Hand Signals for Overhead Cranes 17

Hand Signal for Mobile Cranes 18

Hand Signals

19

SAFETY IN MATERIAL HANDLING

HAZARDS Object falling from height Swinging / Load hitting adjacent structure ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor PRECAUTIONS 1. Every machine and tackle should bear following marking: Identification mark or number ( related to the test certificate) Safe Working Load Date of proof load test (Stamping). 2. It should be ensured that the load is safe and when slung, is as secure in the air as it was on the ground. 3. The weight of the load must not exceed the safe working load of the slinging gear 4. The load must be contained or held securely by the slinging gear. 5. The load must to so slung that it will not suffer collapse, changes of form or posture or internal displacement when subjected to jerk, swings and bumps after the initial tightening. 6. The load must not damage or be damaged by the slinging gear. 7. The slinging method should be suitable for the type of load to be lifted having adequate means of attachment to the load and the lifting appliances. 8. Never use a sling that has stretched or a hook that has begun to straighten. Take defective equipment out of service. 9. Load compress gas cylinders only in a cradle or similar device. 10. While hooking or unhooking load, keep hand out of pinch point. Use hand hooks wherever possible. 11. Do not drag, throw or drop the slings 12. When releasing the slings, make sure that they are entirely free from load. 13. Never walk under the load or permit others to do so. 14. Use standard signal, make sure the load is safe and warn everyone to stay well out of the way in case the load would swing or fall.

20

SAFE WORKING LOADS OF VARIOUS ROPES TYPES FACTOR OF SAFETY DIAMETER INCH 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 13/16 MM 4.7 6.4 7.9 9.5 11.1 12.7 14.3 15.9 19.0 20.6 NYLON 9 WT. PER METER KG 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.12 0.16 0.22 0.25 S.W.L. KG 50 80 125 185 250 320 400 520 715 855 POLYESTER 9 WT. PER METER KG 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.19 0.26 0.31 S.W.L. KG 50 60 125 185 250 320 400 500 630 780 POLYPROPYLENE 6 WT. PER METER KG 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.16 0.19 S.W.L. KG 60 90 140 200 260 315 385 465 640 745

7/8 1 1 1/16 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 5/16 1 1/2 1 5/8

22.2 25.4 27.0 28.6 31.8 33.3 38.1 41.3

0.30 0.39 0.43 0.51 0.60 0.67 0.82 1.01

1005 1260 1450 1660 1890 2165 2670 3275

0.37 0.45 0.51 0.59 0.69 0.78 0.99 1.22

905 1105 1285 1485 1670 1890 2355 2870

0.22 0.27 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.57 0.71

865 1055 1205 1380 1585 1775 2245 2720

1 3/4 2 2 1/8 2 1/4

44.5 50.8 54.0 57.2

1.23 1.41 1.62 1.92

3930 4635 5340 6300

1.46 1.76 2.00 2.34

3415 4030 4735 5390

0.85 1.03 1.19 1.37

3250 3930 4610 5215

21

SAFE WORKING LOADS OF VARIOUS ROPES TYPES HIGH DENSITY POLYTHYLENE 9 3 STRAND FIBRE ROPE MANILA SISAL 5 5 WIRE ROPE (6*37) FIBRE CORE 8

FACTOR OF SAFETY DIAMETER

INCH 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 13/16 7/8 1 1 1/16 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 5/16 1 1/2 1 5/8 1 3/4 2 2 1/8 2 1/4

MM 4.7 6.4 7.9 9.5 11.1 12.7 14.3 15.9 19.0 20.6 22.2 25.4 27.0 28.6 31.8 33.3 38.1 41.3 44.5 50.8 54.0 57.2

WT. PER S.W.L. METER KG KG 0.020 0.029 0.05 0.071 0.10 0.125 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.38 0.50 0.58 0.77 0.83 66 100 150 200 300 367 500 600 700 1080 1415 1580 1915 2080 -

WT.PER METER KG 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.20 0.25 0.34 0.40 0.54 0.62 0.89 1.10 1.13 1.60 1.86 2.17

S.W.L.

WT.PER METER KG 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.20 0.25 0.34 0.40 0.54 0.62 0.89 1.10 1.13 1.60 1.86 2.17

S.W.L.

WT. PER METER KG 0.33 0.45 0.60 0.74 0.92 1.32 1.58 1.88 2.37 2.99 3.69 5.32 6.25 7.24 9.46 10.68 11.98

S.W.L.

KG 50 120 240 395 490 695 815 1085 1220 1675 2040 2400 2810 3265 3715

KG 40 95 190 315 390 590 650 870 970 1340 1630 1920 2245 2610 2975

KG 575 775 1010 1285 1528 2285 2675 3075 4060 5075 6285 9075 10660 12385 16135 18285 20450

22

SAFE WORKING LOAD OF 2 LEG SLING AT VARIOUS ANGLES Safe working load of sling marked on sling 900 legs apart Tonnes 1 2 3 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 86 90 95 100 P X Cos 450 Safe working load at 00 Safe working load at 300 legs apart Safe working load at 600 legs apart Safe working load at 1200 legs apart Test load to be applied at 00

Tonnes 1.414 2.828 4.242 7.070 14.14 21.21 28.28 35.35 42.42 49.49 56.56 63.63 70.70 77.77 84.84 91.91 98.98 106.05 113.12 120.19 127.26 134.33 141.40 P

Tonnes 1.365 2.730 4.095 6.820 13.650 20.460 27.280 34.100 40.920 47.740 54.600 61.420 68.240 75.060 81.880 88.700 95.520 102.340 109.160 115.980 122.800 129.620 136.440 P x Cos 150

Tonnes 1.225 2.450 3.675 6.125 12.250 18.375 24.500 30.625 36.750 42.875 49.000 55.125 61.250 67.375 73.500 79.625 89.750 91.875 98.00 104.125 110.250 116.375 122.500 P x Cos 300

Tonnes 0.707 1.414 2.121 3.535 7.070 10.605 14.14 17.675 21.21 24.745 28.28 31.815 36.35 38.885 42.42 45.955 49.49 53.25 56.56 60.095 63.63 67.165 70.70 P x Cos 600

Tonnes 2.828 5.656 8.484 14.140 28.28 42.42 56.56 70.70 84.84 98.98 113.12 127.26 141.40 155.54 169.68 183.82 197.96 212.10 226.24 240.38 254.52 268.66 282.80

23

SAFETY IN GAS CUTTING AND WELDING OPERATIONS

HAZARDS Electrocution Fire and burns Explosion. ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor PRECAUTIONS 1. Do not weld or burn on any container where flammable material are stored or explosive gas accumulated inside. 2. Welder should use proper welding dress such as face shields or goggles, aprons, gloves and gumboots. 3. Gas cylinder must be protected from heat, extreme weather conditions, falling or damage of any kind. 4. Compressed air must not be used to blow or clean welding and cutting equipments as it may carry moisture or oil. 5. Do not use electrical conduits as earth conductors. 6. All connection must be clamped or bolted securely and tight to avoid arching. Insulation of leads must be checked and leaks rectified. 7. Welding cable or gas tubes must not be dragged or pulled along the floor. They must be lifted to avoid damaged to them. 8. Whenever welding or cutting operation is done on elevated places, make sure that the sparks do not fly or fall on equipment or material and cause fire. Provide a suitable shield or screen to arrest the flying sparks. 9. Welding cable or gas tube must be protected from any damages due to contact with sharp material or falling sparks. 10. Gas tubes must be frequently inspected for deterioration or leak, as such leaks tend to fire or explosion risks. 11. Goggles or welding screen must be used while chipping & grinding. Brush must be used for cleaning welding metal. 12. Ensure use of proper keys for opeming / closing valves of gas cylinders. 13. Do not role gas cylinders. Keep Gas Cylinders in up right condition mounted on trolleys & properly chained. 14. Use proper friction gas lighter and do not use an electric arc.

24

SAFETY IN CONFINED SPACE WORKING HAZARDS Presence of toxic gases inside vessels or pipeline in harmful concentration. Presence of explosive gases in the vessel or pipeline, which may cause an explosion when heated or ignited. Danger of asphyxiation for want of oxygen for breathing and also by presence of rich concentration of Nitrogen inside the vessel in case the vessel had been purged with Nitrogen (inert gas). ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor PRECAUTIONS 1. Effectively isolate the equipment or pipeline from the process. 2. Pipeline connecting the piece of equipment or pipelines, to be closed with blank flanges. Do not rely upon valves. 3. If it is practicable, one of the connecting pipe should be disconnected and the line part suitably blanked 4. The valve and pipelines connecting the equipment should be tagged. The tags should not be removed without approval of the person who had signed it. 5. The residual gas inside the equipment or pipeline should be vented to atmosphere at safe location. 6. The equipment or pipe line should be purged with inert gas to remove all the hazardous gases and should be vented at safe locations. The purging agents should be selected after taking hazard into consideration. 7. The gases coming out of the vessel or pipe line should be checked and analysed for the concentration of hazardous gas. In case of vessel that had been purged with nitrogen, a wash with air should be given. Nitrogen will not support life. 8. Proper ventilation must be provided to get minimum 19.5 % oxygen 9. Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment should be worn by the workers entering vessels. Entry of personnel should not be permitted without checking concentration of gas by using gas meter & safe removal of gas prior to permitting entry. 10. If fire hazards are present, suitable fire fighting appliances should be kept ready on the spot. 11. Confined spaces include deep excavations, working in tunnels, working in pressure parts, vessels, tanks entering through manholes, etc., where along with presence of Oxygen, concentration levels of H2S, NO2, CO & CO2 are also important. When working at such places .escape ladders or routes, life lines, dewatering arrangements, sufficient lighting (24 Volts), communication (telephone lines) and ventilation are essential as per site requirement. (Refer-Safety in Tunnelling) 25

SAFETY IN TUNNELLING HAZARDS Rock falls. Foul gases. Failure of mechanical equipments. Electrical shocks. Poor lighting. Handling of explosives etc. Absence of contingency plans. ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor PRECAUTIONS 1. Ensure that workers engaged in tunnelling use required PPE and protection clothing preferably high visibility clothing. 2. Ensure to practice work permit system in respect of tunnelling work since this is a confined space working. Nobody shall be permitted to enter the tunnel without obtaining valid work permit. It is advisable not to ever enter a tunnel alone and without a proper two way communication system. 3. Ensure that tunnelling work is started and continuously monitored under supervision of a competent supervisor 4. Ensure use of only proper, suitable, sound, free from parent defects, having adequate strength material for shoring, bracing and supporting work which shall be properly, adequately, firmly secured using wages, props etc and extended up to the bottom of the tunnelling. These shall be regularly inspected and maintained. 5. Ensure safe access to reach safe place in the event of flooding. 6. Ensure proper barricading of the entire tunnelling area at least 1 m high along with specific symbols, boards (placards) flags, warning notices and red danger lights clearly displayed. 7. Ensure to periodically inspect the tunnel, preferably once in a week to identify any weak rock zone or deterioration of any rock already exposed. Identified weak rock shall be given necessary treatment such as rock bolts, shotcrete, temporary support or permanent support as per the requirement. 8. Ensure to safeguard against foul gases resulting either from blasting or from geology of rock by way of designing proper ventilation system. 9. Ensure to maintain atmosphere inside the tunnel to have oxygen not less than 19.5%, carbon monoxide not more than 0.005%, carbon dioxide not more than 0.5%, other gases such as nitrogen fumes, methane, hydrogen sulphide etc within specified limits. 26

Ensure to have necessary instruments available at the site to detect and monitor on daily basis %ages of methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide etc. 10. Ensure availability of sufficient numbers of oxygen breathing apparatus at the site. 11. Ensure to use wet drilling to minimise the dust generation. 12. Ensure to use only electrical battery operated ( preferably 24 volts) or pneumatic equipments inside the tunnel. 13. Ensure to routinely check and inspect all mechanical equipment physically as well as for performance and maintain a log book. 14. Ensure that all the electrical equipment are properly earthed and that there are no loose contacts, loose connections anywhere in the electrical circuit so as to avoid sparking. 15. Ensure that all electrical installations are inspected, tested and maintained by qualified and experienced electricians. 16. Ensure to use low voltage lighting system in the tunnelling work, preferably 110V to avoid and at least minimise fatal shocks. Hand lamps and small hand tools shall be of 24V rating. 17. Ensure proper and adequate design of lighting system to have minimum level of 100 lux illumination at working points and minimum 50 lux in the general area. 18. Ensure to protect all light fittings against excess water. Ensure to check, clean and maintain lighting installations regularly. 19. Ensure to set up before hand the procedure to be followed in the event of misfire. In India refer to IS: 4081 and Indian Mines Regulation in the event of any doubt. 20. Ensure to have a qualified safety engineer available at the site on permanent rolls. The safety engineer shall have duly prepared contingency plans for evacuation in the event of accidents. 21. Ensuring availability of properly installed and maintained communication system. 22. The safety engineer shall also ensure that emergency contact numbers, rescue procedures are prominently displayed for general public knowledge as well first aid, fire extinguishers, breathing apparatus, emergency lights and communication systems are easily and readily available. Safety engineer shall also ensure general safety of men and machinery. It shall be ensured to have different paths for vehicles and pedestrians. 23. Ensure to provide sufficient ventilation as designed and if required ensure to provide proper exhaust. 24. Ensure use of proper working platforms with toe guards hand railing etc complete, ladders firmly secured tied with ropes etc for doing the tunnelling job where required. 25. Ensure to use only low pollution explosives. 26. Do not permit any one to tamper with any service lines ( electrical cables, telephone cables, water pipes, sewage pipes etc.) encountered during tunnelling; immediately bring to the notice of the concerned supervisor and resume work upon clearance from concerned department post inspection.

27

SAFETY ON ROADS

HAZARDS Hitting object Skidding Colliding ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor PRECAUTIONS 1. Always keep all relevant papers and show on demand driving license, registration, insurance, entry pass, road permit, vehicle fitness, emission certificate, etc. 2. Follow all safety rules. 3. Clear and unobstructed access / approach roads, unidirectional traffic, speed limit boards, and designated parking places should be ensured. 4. Provide road safety caution boards at site as per road safety rule 5. Registration number plate should be in accordance with motor vehicle rules. 6. Keep the vehicle in excellent running condition. Check fitness and road worthiness of the vehicle before taking on road. 7. Give proper signal while turning and slowing down. 8. Drive within specified speed limit. At site maintain speed limit as 10-15 Km/hr. 9. Do not use mobile phone while driving. 10. Always keep left and give signal while changing lane. 11. Keep safe distance from the vehicle ahead. 12. Do not overtake from left. 13. Do not park in No Parking area. 14. Do not drive in alcoholic condition or under influence of drug. 15. Before driving ensure that no one is under or very near to the vehicle. 16. Do not drive during no entry / safety timing. 17. Do not load the vehicle beyond capacity. Do not load vehicles resulting in overhangs / projections etc. 18. Ensure no dust flying, solid particles / lumps falling and liquid spills on the road. 19. Do not allow any person on the deck. 20. Helper must be there to give signal while reversing. Reverse horn should be ensured to be in working order. 21. Maintain steady driving, do not change lane or overtake. 22. Do not drive Two Wheeler without crash helmet. 23. Drive Four Wheeler using safety belt.

28

SAFETY IN HOUSEKEEPING HAZARDS Trips, slips and falls Cuts and other injuries Fire & explosion ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor PRECAUTIONS 1. Awareness of cleanliness, timely clearances of rubbish such as piles of bricks, wood, paper, rags, oil / water spillages, compressed gas leakage sealing and availability of scaffoldings, ladders, oxygen cylinders and protective equipment such as oxygen masks would lead to good housekeeping and prevention of accident. 2. Sizes and allocation of the specific areas are to be finalized depending upon quantity and the nature of the material to be handled, such as radiation prone, inflammable, toxic, explosive, detonable etc. need to be identified. 3. Non smoking zones required in respect of material like methanol, petrol, diesel etc 4. Provision of covered dust bins, drums etc at various locations and rubbish dumps clearing from time to time are to be ensured. Trips, slips and falls account for one of the major reasons for accidents on a construction site, and most of these are caused by rubbish and waste material or badly stacked materials. Timbers left lying around with protruding nails can penetrate even safety boots. Rubbish build is also a cause of fire due to carelessly thrown cigarette buts or from gas cutting / welding spatters / spark. 5. Papers, wood off cuts, straw packing, electrical off cuts are causes for fire and tripping hazards. Material badly stacked can collapse, get damaged and injure people 6. Solution to all these is good housekeeping. Spending half an hour daily at the end of the day or major breaks would be a good idea to keep the site tidy. 7. Adequate storage areas for all material, equipment including for but not restricted to explosives, radiation equipment, detonators, inflammables, compressed gas cylinders, reinforcement steel, cement, water for drinking as well as construction use, consumables, tools and tackles, equipment to be received and erected, wooden planks / blocks, winches, cranes, derricks, hoists, chain pulley blocks, pipes, fittings, Maxpullers, wire ropes, manila ropes, nylon ropes etc should be ensured. 8. Food wastes must not be thrown on ground or this will invite vermin, rats, cockroaches, and the associated problems / diseases. Put them in trash skips or waste burning pits. 9. Site is to be prevented from fouling by making provisions and proper use of toilet facilities. 10. Adequate provision for fire fighting system inclusive of fire water pumps, hydrants, nozzles, hoses, sprinklers, various types of fire fighting extinguishers, water and sand buckets should be ensured at various locations. 11. Adequate lighting, illumination in the work site should be ensured, which is also a statutory requirement. 29

FIRE PREVENTION HAZARDS 1. Fire and explosion ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor PRECAUTIONS Cause of fire For any fire to take place, three basic things have to be present inflammable material (in solid, liquid or gaseous form), source of ignition and oxygen. If one of the three is cut off, the fire cannot take place. After the fire has broken out, to extinguish the same at least one of the above three is to be cut off. General guidelines Fire results from a combination of fuel, heat and oxygen. When the combustible / inflammable substance / fuel is brought to its ignition temperature, due to availability of ignition source / heat / sparks in presence of oxygen ( which is necessary to sustain / continue combustion ) it will burn. Oxygen / air is always available in atmospheric condition. Therefore, to prevent fire from bursting out, it is essential to ensure that inflammable material is kept away from source of ignition / heat. Following are few of the common reasons giving rise to fire: Abuse / misuse of electrical tools. Abuse and or misuse of electrical tools can lead to igniting created piled up rubbish such as spilt over oils, waste paper, rags, wood, cloth etc. which remain as inflammable material due to failure in timely disposal Smoking in prohibited areas. Use of torches / naked flame, lighters, match-sticks and open lights or spark producing tools, welding arc / gas cutting set is being used to light cigarette in the vicinity of inflammable substances can lead to fire hazard and in particular in prohibited having inflammable substance. As such, to prevent occurrence of fire, the above should be strictly prohibited. Prevention is always better than cure.

30

Classification of fuels Sl. No. 1 Class Type of fuel Example

A- Solid

Fuel which is Solid in state on Wood, Paper, Cotton, Charcoal, burning they leave Carbon as etc. residue. Flammable material are in liquid state. which Petroleum products , Diesel, Paint, Spirit, etc.

B- Liquid

C- Gases

Fuels which are in gaseous LPG, acetylene, Methane, Butane, state. etc. Metals which can burn Sodium, Potassium, magnesium, etc. PVC, rubber etc.

D- Metals

5.

E- Electrical

Flammable material

Application of fire extinguishing agent

Sl. N0. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Extinguishing -agent

Class of Fire A B No No No Yes Yes No Yes C No Yes No No Yes No Yes D No Yes No No No Yes No E No Yes No No No Yes No

Water Sand Water CO2 Foam Dry Chem. Powder Special DCP CO2

Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No

31

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT The selection of PPE depends up on the nature and severity of the hazard, type and concentration of contamination, duration of work and limitation of the equipment. TYPE OF PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 1. NON-RESPIRATAORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT I. Head protection Hazards : Object falling, striking against object, heat spark etc. Equipment : Heavy duty helmet, light duty helmet. II. Eye and Face protection Hazards : Dust splashes of liquid, flying particles, welding light Equipment : Safety spectacles, safety goggles, face shields, welding helmets etc. III. Ear protection Hazards : Hearing impairment or deafness, loss of efficiency, etc. Equipment : Where noise level exceeds 80 db, the use of ear protection like Ear plug, Ear muff, Cotton-wax clad ear plug is obligatory. IV. Hand protection Hazards : Materials having sharp end, sharp edges, hot metal, chemical, corrosive etc. electrical current Equipment : Gloves, hand pads, finger guards. V. Foot and leg protection Hazards : Hit by falling articles, contact with chemical, corrosive liquid etc. fault current earthed through body Equipment : Safety shoes, gumboot, etc. with insulated rubber sole and metallic toe cap. VI. Body protection Hazards : Molten metal, flying particles, heat source, etc. Equipment : Coats, aprons, head to toe protection, etc. VII. Safety belts Hazards : Falling from height. Equipment : Safety belts. 2. RESPIRATAORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Hazards : a. Oxygen deficiency. b. Gaseous contamination. I. Immediate danger to life. II. No-immediate danger to life. III. Particulate contaminants c. Combination of gaseous & particulate matter. Protective Equipment A. Supplied air B. Air purifying : : I. Air line mask, with blower. II. Self contained breathing apparatus. I. Chemical filter (Canister gas mask, Chemical cartridge and Self rescue type) II. Mechanical filters (Nuisance dusts & Micro filter) III. Combination of chemical and mechanical filters. 32

FIRST-AID AND EMERGENCY PLAN First aid accomplishes two important things: 1. Making patient more comfortable 2. Reduces the chances of further injury either from loss of blood or the danger of unnecessary movement. What to do first Take charge of the situation. Be tactful but firm. Call ambulance as early as possible Keep calm do & what must be done as promptly as possible. In case of bleeding Tell patient that he IS going to get better. Give him rest, and assurance. Apply a dressing with pad if necessary and bandage firmly. Provide treatment of wound with severe bleeding. Clean the wound with antiseptic solution. Try to stop bleeding. Rush the patient to medical center or hospital. Use tourniquet, if direct pressure on bleeding point does not stop bleeding. In case of fractures Make the patient comfortable. Keep support or immobilize the affected part up to joints or both ends using splints or any other material. Never attempt to bring the bones to normal position. Check bandage every five minutes to make sure that they are not too tight & do not result in stopping blood circulation / supply. Transport the casualty very gently especially if you suspect backbone injury. Rush the patient to medical center or hospital. In case of burns If cloth catches fire wrap rug, blanket or coat around the person firmly. Do not allow him to run in panic as movement fans flames. Lay the person on soft covering, with head low and cover with blanket. Loosen clothing, raise feet about 8 by propping up one end of bed. Never remove clothing unless it is soaked with corrosive liquid or petrol. Place burned part under slow running water or immerse in cold water. Cover burn with clean and dry cloth. Do not apply any antiseptic cream or lotion. Rush the patient to medical center or hospital. In case of electric shock Switch off current, if this cannot be done remove supply from victim with the help of wood or non conductive material, like hokey, walking stick, dry cloth etc. If victim is cold, clammy, breathing is shallow and pulse is rapid and weak, then give him reassurance. Make him comfortable. If victim has stopped breathing, start artificial respiration immediately. Get medical help. In case of emergency Know about site emergency plan where you are working. Act as per site emergency plan. 33

If you are member of any team report to your team leader in emergency. Do not create panic. Reach to assembly point at the earliest. Do not give any instruction to anybody unless you are assigned with such responsibility in the emergency plan. Sound a siren in case of fire.

Dos and Donts While using portable grinder Dos 1. Do check all wheels for other cracks or other damage before mounting. 2. Do check machine speed against approved operating speed of the wheel. 3. Do make sure that wheel hole, (threaded or unthreaded), fits machine arbor / spindle properly and flange are clean flat and of proper type for the wheel you are using. 4. Do run wheel in protected area for one minute before grinding. 5. Do use the wheel guard furnished with machine. 6. Do always wear protective safety glasses or face shield. 7. Use blotters provide with the wheel. 8. Use proper three pin plug & socket. 9. Use hand gloves of appropriate type. Donts 1. Dont use wheels which have been dropped or otherwise damaged. 2. Dont use a grinding wheel that has rated speed less than speed of grinder. 3. Dont use excessive pressure when mounting wheel between flanges. Tighten nut only enough to hold wheel firmly. 4. Dont handle machine carelessly. 5. Dont mount more than on a wheel on a single arbor.

34

SAFETY AUDIT FREQUENCY OF AUDIT 1. Once in every two months with questionnaire ORDER OF RESPONSIBILTY Site In-charge / Safety Officer / Engineer / Supervisor Safety audit is a technique to systematically evaluate & appraise the effectiveness of a safety program under execution. This helps to improve and upgrade the existing safety program. Safety audit is a methodology to critically evaluate safety program and performance in terms of accident frequency, severity rates, identification and control of hazards and assessment of financial losses on account of bad performance. Safety audit can also be categorized as basic audit, self audit and professional audit. Basic audit means ensuring that all basic elements of the safety program are implemented including analysis of qualitative, quantitative, setup, procedures and controls, hazard identification education, training and maintenance of relevant records. Self audit involves analysis of elements such as leadership and administration, training, inspection

procedures, inventory and job analysis of critical jobs, investigations of accidents / incidents, emergency preparedness, rules and regulations, group safety meetings and communication, community education and demonstration. Safety audit, both basic and self, should be conducted in-house by safety personnel on regular basis in order to assess the site situation, to facilitate taking corrective action / remedial measures and learning to ensure safe working conditions, to exhibit management care and concern about the work force, and to keep their morale high.

35

MEASUREMENT OF SAFETY PERFORMANCE

Safety performance of site is measured to improve processes and procedures being practiced at site. Following two methods have been adopted. DuPont Method The Site should be audited on daily basis, maintaining an element of surprise, to assess the unsafe conditions and unsafe acts the prime factors responsible for causing accidents / incidents / near misses. The audit observations could be categorized, as explained above under the heading - observations, and assigned severity rating on 1 to 5 scales on the following pattern depending upon the severity -1 being minor and 5 posing fatality potential (Alternatively it could be Safety index from 1-5 with sites/ work places with Safety Index as one being Most Unsafe and 5 being Most Safe). Severity Rating 1: Untidy area, minor issues. Severity Rating 2: Restricted access, littered scrap / trash, and disorderliness. Severity Rating 3: Violations of Rules and Procedures potential injury. Severity Rating 4: Unsafe conditions serious injury potential take prompt action Severity Rating 5: Immediate serious injury potential stop activity immediately and correct A Severity Index (SI) of 2.2 or lower shall be targeted to ensure safe working. Maximum of the weeks SI should be reported on weekly basis for review. Depending upon the size, the site may be divided into zones, and responsibility assigned to a senior person for each zone. In case of higher than 2.5 SI found during the audit, all activities of the site/zone should be stopped and corrective action taken before restarting the work.

36

Sum of violations X Their respective severity rating Severity Index (SI) = Total no. of violations observed during the audit

The audit process shall also provide coverage to compliance to safety standards, good citizens(clothing & PPE compliance and no act violation),quality of safe work procedures, and awareness of safety standards and rules; aim / target 98 100 % for compliance to safety standards and good citizens, and 4.9 5 for the rest on 1 to 5 scale. A simple guide for site work execution could be 100 % compliance to safety standards. 100 % good citizens Severity index 2.2 No incidents As described earlier, the objective of safety observations and audit is to improve the safety performance. Some of the parameters against which this could be measured are as follows Lost work days Total injury rates Reduction in cost of equipment damage, insurance premium, and compensation. Attendance at safety meetings Completion of training Increase in strength of knowledgeable and skilled employees Increase in employees involvement and cooperation Reassured full work force with high morale

37

Site Safety Index

Audit is conducted and a radar chart is prepared based on the following criteria 0 Housekeeping Materials are scattered, No clear area, haphazard, personnel are not aware, repeated finding. 1 Materials are scattered, No clear area, haphazard, personnel are not aware 2 Awareness is not available, not clearly identified, walkway clear. 3 Awareness good, clear identification, barricaded, few material not stacked 4 Awareness good, Clearly identified location for material storages, barricaded, material are stacked in its place as per standard, no signage. 5 Clearly identified location for material storage, description of materials to be stored displayed, 100% material stacked in its place as per standard. All employees are aware of where to keep what, walkways are clearly marked & kept clear PTW in place, signed, displayed, understood, being followed, Closed.

PTW (Permit To Work)

No PTW, personnel working

PTW written but not signed, not understood by supervisor JSA written, Not covering all activity being done, Hazard findings are not adequate

PTW written & valid. Tool box talk not done.

PTW written & valid. Tool box talk not done. Not displayed.

PTW written & valid. Tool box talk done. Signed & displayed but not closed.

JSA (Job Safety Analysis)

No JSA, No details of activity.

JSA covers all activities, Hazards are Identified inadequate

JSA covers all activities, Hazards adequately identified, Controls inadequate, Awareness poor. > 4 findings during the walk Supervisor present at work, observing, conduct tool box talk, Lack of awareness PPE provided, documented but not worn by the operators

JSA covers all activities, Hazards are Identified adequately, recommendations adequate, Awareness need improvement

JSA covers all activities, Hazards are adequately identified, recommendations adequate, good awareness.

Unsafe Condition

> 10 findings during walk No supervisor identified and present.

> 8 findings during the walk Supervisor identified but not present .

> 6 findings during the walk Supervisor present at work, not observing details - too many activities

> 2 findings during the walk

No unsafe condition

Supervision

Supervisor present at work, observing, conducts tool box and aware of process. No documents

Supervisor present at work, observing, conduct tool box signature and aware of process. Coaches and mentors the team No violation seen, properly assessed and documented

PPE Adherence Unsafe Act

>5 violations observed during walk, No awareness of PPEs

> 5 violations observed during walk. Personnel are aware of PPE requirement

> 3 violations observed during walk, Inadequacy in documentation

PPE provided, documented, Aware but not followed as an exception < 3 findings during walk

38

DISCLAIMER

IMPORTANT SAFETY TIPS FOR CONSTRUCTION SITE ENLISTED IN THIS COMPILATION ARE DRAWN BASED ON THE FIELD EXPERIENCE AND EMANATE FROM VARIOUS NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SAFETY RULES. THEY ARE MERELY ILLUSTRATIVE IN NATURE. FOR ENHANCED UNDERSTANDING OF SAFETY REQUIREMENTS THE READERS MAY REFER TO THE RELEVANT NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL RULES.

39

HSE OBJECTIVES
Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Objective Fatality Lost Time Injury Incident Rate Communication and adherence to HSE Policy. Site Safety Index Severity Index Site Safety Audit Site Safety Inspection as Checklist Targets 0 0 0 All Employees, all stakeholders > 4.2 < 2.2 Every two months Daily

EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBERS: Police Station: Fire Station: Ambulance: Hospital: Project Manager: Site In-Charge: CNBU Pune Office: 020 66216161
40

Safety Officer:

This SHE Handbook belongs to: Name: Employee Code No: Confirm that I have read and studied the contents of this handbook and have got clarifications from my SiteIn-Charge regarding the part I did not understand. I will comply with all safety rules and regulations and always use all applicable Personal Protective Equipment. I understand the Site Emergency and Site evacuation procedures and will comply with it if such a Situation arises. I will promote a safe working culture by my actions and behavior at the site.

Signature: Date:

41