Notes from the Third Mars Science Laboratory Landing Site Workshop September 15-17, 2008 Doubletree Hotel,

Monrovia, CA Compiled by: S aron !il"on #urdy, Smit "onian $n"titution, purdy"%"i&edu and 'enni(er )ri((e", Cal *e+ , ,ri((e"%,p"&+alte+ &edu TABLE OF CONTENTS
Monday September !"th#############################################################################################################$ We%come&'ntrod(ctory )resentations#####################################################################################$ *ohn +rant############################################################################################################################$ Sandra Wiseman and ,ay Ar-idson#################################################################################!.

Monday September !"th We%come&'ntrod(ctory )resentations 'o n )rant Overview of Process and Goals MS- "ite "ele+tion mile"tone" !e are ere to di"+u"".evaluate t e "+ien+e, en,ineerin, +on"traint" /ill not (a+tored into di"+u""ion (or "ite "ele+tion 0a+ "ite /ill be evaluated on t e (ollo/in, +riteria: diver"ity, +onte1t, abitability and pre"ervation Mike Meyer * an2" (or parti+ipatin, in t e /or2" op and t an2" to t e orbiter team" (or ma2in, data +olle+tion (or propo"ed "ite" a priority 3o+u" on rover4" ability to determine.a""e" t e abitability * i" /or2" op i" not a +ompetition5 /e /ant to (o+u" on be"t "ite to a++ompli" t e ,oal" o( t e MS- mi""ion Mike Watkins 6MS- Mi""ion Mana,er7 Site Selection Process and Schedule 8vervie/ o( pro9e+t "tatu" - ima,e" o( rover a""embly, eat " ield, payload 6mo"t /ill be delivered to '#- in t e ne1t (e/ mont "7, ,round "y"tem and trainin, :H3 lin2 analy"i" improved into a "in,le tar,et "pe+ +overin, ;0<-;0S o All propo"ed landin, "ite" are rea+ able /it in-(li, t retar,et be,innin, at *CM-1 (rom +entral laun+ ve i+le tar,et 8rbiter and atmo"p eri+ model data "et" on,oin,5 pro+e""in, o( data "et" on,oin, All "ite" are landable /it = >5? "u++e"" rate ba"ed on +urrent data Matthe/ +o%ombek Surface Characteristics Supporting Safety Evaluations All o( t e landin, "ite" are viable at t i" "ta,e ba"ed on landin, "ite +riteria 6in+ludin, atmo"p eri+ propertie", radar re(le+tivity, rou, ne"", topo,rap y and "lope", t ermal inertia, ro+2 abundan+e, et+&7 @Sa(e aven"A (or ea+ "ite ave been eliminated

0abitabi%ity and )reser-ation on Earth and Mars )resentations Moderated by 'o n )rotBin,er A""umin, li(e o++urred on Mar", / i+ o( t e"e abitable environment" ave t e be"t + an+e o( pre"ervationC !e /ant to "ta+2 t e de+2 in our (avor and pi+2 t e be"t "et o( +ir+um"tan+e" to ,ive u" t e be"t + an+e o( (indin, li(e on Mar", 2eepin, in mind t at it4" in+redibly di((i+ult to (ind eviden+e o( early li(e on 0art & ,oger B(ick 6*erre"trial (ield ,eolo,i"t and biolo,i"t7 Earth's Earliest Record of Life Mar" mi, t be a better pla+e to (ind li(e "i,n" o( early li(e +ompared to 0art ! at type" o( (o""il eviden+e are t ereC )eolo,i+ "ettin,"C Ho/ +an t ey be pre"erved or de"troyedC *ype" o( eviden+e o Mi+ro(o""il" <ot dia,no"ti+ o( biolo,i+al relation" ip" mo"t are "mall, "imple and typi+ally pre"erved by rapid entombment 8n 0art , very "u"+eptible to +ontamination 6alt ou, not "o mu+ a problem on Mar"7 o *ra+e 3o""il" 6Stromatolite", on+olite", M$SS7 -ayered "edimentary mound" a++reted by mi+robial ,ro/t , movement or metaboli"m Many abioti+ mimi+" 6"u+ a" "tala,mite"7 "o ard to identi(y 8n+olite" D li2e "tromatolite" but +on+entri+ mi+robial lamination around a lit i+ nu+leu" o Eiomar2er Mole+ule" Hydro+arbon mole+ule" (rom p oto"ynt eti+ pi,ment" and membrane ri,idi(ier" 6(ound in oil and 2ero,en7, 9u"t 6+omple17 +arbon "2eleton, de"troyed in i, temperature environment", ea"ily +ontaminated o Mole+ular (o""il" o $"otope" 6Atomi+ 3o""il"7 Mo"t robu"t, not ea"ily altered by i, temperature and i, pre""ure 6e&,& Met ano,ene"i" 6eviden+e o( C-i"otope77 8n Mar", loo2 (or "ul(ate and "ul(ide mineral" Mi+robial metaboli"m (ra+tionate" are "table i"otope" o( +arbon, "ul(ur and nitro,en& Mu+ lar,er t an abioti+ at lo/ temperature and pre""ure5 "urvive" trauma /ell Di((erent metaboli"m" (ra+tionate di((erently5 (ra+tionation ran,e varie" a++ordin, to e+olo,i+al +ondition" o Eioalteration

8++ur" mo"tly in +arbonate", al"o ba"alti+ ,la"" and "edimentary "ul(ide mineral"5 o++ur" / ere mi+robe" et+ or di""olve mineral" <eed very lo/ metamorp i+ ,rade or el"e de"troyed by re+ry"talliBation #re"erve" or,ani+" but ea"ily de"troyed by metamorp i"m 8nly 2no/n (rom aFueou" "ettin," 6marine, la2e"7 but not river", ep emeral /ater bodie" -ar,ely pre"erved in redu+in, environment" o Eiomineral" 6pre"erved remain" o( mi+robial mineraliBation7, bioalteration 6alteration o( ro+2".mineral" t at o++ur" a" a re"ult o( mi+robial a+tivity7 <o re+ord o( it (rom early 0art )eolo,i+al "ettin," on Mar" to loo2 (or li(e: o Sedimentary ro+2" 6or /ater-lain tu((, but not ,enerally vol+ani+7 o 3ine-,rained "ediment", not +on,lomerate" o Gapid lit i(i+ation 6evaporate"7 o Carbonate", Sul(ate evaporate" o -on,-lived aFueou" "ediment" o Gedu+in, environment" 6o1idation and a+idi+ alteration are bad7 o Stable te+toni+ environment" o Stable te+toni+ di"tal "ettin," (ar (rom eat and pre""ure o 3ar (rom area" o( a+tive ero"ion and ideally /ant re+ent e1po"ure" o Ea"i+ ,eolo,y i" /ell-under"tood Hue"tion": (? !hat is the resolution of "icroscopy? 6Go,er Eui+27 8pti+al 61.2 mi+ron7 mi+ro"+opy& (? !hat is the difference #etween #iological vs$ non%#iological alteration? 6Go,er Eui+27 Simple (orm" o( bio-alteration are mimi+2ed by non-bio alteration, / i+ i" +ompli+atin,& Comple1 burro/" t at are "inuou" and e1 ibit pre(erred orientation" are indi+ative o( biolo,i+al alteration, / erea" burro/" t at radiate linearly (rom a "in,le (ra+ture 6e&,& Alan Hill" meteorite7 are le"" indi+ative o( biolo,i+al alteration& ,oger S(mmons, 8r,ani+ )eo+ emi"t, e1pert on biomar2er" on early 0art Preservation of Organic &io"ar'ers on Earth ! at i" a biomar2er 8r,ani+ ri+ ro+2" o 8r,ani+ material +an be ep emeral 6o(ten eaten, o1idiBed re+y+led7 o 8r,ani+" are o(ten at lo/ +on+entration" / ere it4" bein, (ormed o Can be ma""ively +on+entrated by "ur(a+e pro+e""e" o 8r,ani+ material i" be"t pre"erved / en i"olated, +on+entrated and a @ti, tA a""o+iation /it "edimentary mineral" 6+lay", +arbonate", evaporate"7 8r,ani+ matter in an+ient "ediment"

o #oor pre"ervation o( ro+2" pre"ent" ,reate"t di((i+ulty on 0art in "ear+ (or or,ani+ matter o De"tru+tive pro+e""e" in+lude ,eolo,y, ioniBin, radiation <on-bio,eni+ or,ani+ matter o $deal re(eren+e point i" or,ani+ matter in meteorite" o C ara+teriBed by "imple, @randomA + emi+al "tru+ture" Eio,eni+ 8r,ani+ Matter o Comple1 "tru+ture" /it very "pe+i(i+ pattern" 6D<A, protein", +ellulo"e, membrane lipid"7 o Made (rom "impler buildin, blo+2" o #attern" +an be i"otopi+, + emi+al, or "tereo + emi+al #attern" in "patial arran,ement o( C-atom" #atternin, i" a ,eneri+ Jbiomar2er4 Abundant o1y,en "u,,e"t" or,ani+ matter pre"ervation in +ontinental ydrot ermal "y"tem" problemati+ $( or,ani+ matter i" pre"erved on Mar", e1pe+t ti, t a""o+iation /it lo/ temperature, "edimentary mineral" D p yllo"ili+ate", evaporate", "ili+a 8n 0art , or,ani+ matter i" lar,ely +on+entrated in "ediment" depo"ited in aFuati+ environment"

Hue"tion": ((ave Patterns can #e caused #y che"ical) not #iological activity$ 6Go,er Summon"7 Mole+ular +ompound" in ,eneral o(ten " o/ "patial di"tribution" and relation" ip" t at you "ee +an / i+ +an tell you / at pro+e""e" are involved& 8n Mar", i( /e (ind diver"e mole+ule", /e may not 2no/ / at type o( or,ani"m" produ+ed t em, but /e +an loo2 (or pattern"& (*ac' +ustard !hat if there were no photosynthetic processes on +ars? Nick Tosca ,a#ita#ility in Saline Environ"ents on +ars Control" on li(e limitation": temperature, radiation, a+idity, temporal availability o( /ater, "alinity 6/ater a+tivity7 De(ine abitability in an evolutionary +onte1t o #re-bioti+ + emi"try and t e ori,in o( li(e o 0volution and.or adaptation to + an,in, "ur(a+e + emi"try !ater i" a t ermodynami+ mea"ure o( "alinity, t e "altier t in," ,et, t e bu"ier mole+ule" are in or,ani+ pro+e""e", and le"" i" available to mediate ot er or,ani+ a+tivitie" 6in+rea"ed "alinity mean" de+rea"ed /ater a+tivity7 !ater a+tivity i" a " arp limitation on biolo,i+ a+tivity o De+rea"ed /ater a+tivity mean" de+rea"ed or,ani"m ,ro/t Mi+robial "trate,ie" (or lo/ aH20 +ondition" 3or Martian /ater, +al+ulate aH20 at t e point o( "aline mineral pre+ipitation

Compare /ater a+tivity on Mar" ver"u" "ea/ater: + lorite" are bad 6at "i,ni(i+ant lo/ /ater a+tivity7, "ul(ate v"& + loride are in"en"itive to So I.Cl ration o( initial /ater, ,yp"um K +arbonate" are in"oluble 6re(le+t i, H207 Di"tin+tion bet/een ori,ination in and adaptin, to lo/ aH205 li(e /ould ave to adapt to "alty +ondition" /indo/ o( abitability on Mar" /a" " ort and appened early, li2ely bet/een I&5 and ;&5 billion year" a,o 6 i, toleran+e i" evolutionary7 8n lo+al.re,ional "+ale: <eed (avorable pre-bioti+ + emi"try: redu+in, +ondition", mild pH, i, e"t po""ible aH20 3o+u" on propo"ed "ite" t at ave p yllo"ili+ate and "ul(ate-ri+ "trata and +apture p yllo"ili+ate."ul(ate tran"ition" 6)ale, S& Meridiani, Miyamoto7 (or diver"e pre"ervation potential

Lisa )ratt, *erre"trial ,eolo,i"t.,eo+ emi"t D modern, an+ient, ran,e o( environment" Preservation of Organic +atter in Phyllosilicates Clay" on 0art o $n pla+e alteration o( parent material Alteration material": bioti+ "oil", per"i"tent ydrot ermal "y"tem", (ault ,ou,e o *ran"ported "ediment" *ran"ported "ediment: emi-pela,i+ and pela,i+ marine environment", la2e, (luvial overband, ,la+ial till, (an-out/a" playa, /ind blo/n +lay dune" 6rare7 Clay enri+ ment on Mar" o Alteration o( parent ro+2: abioti+ "oil", per"i"tent ydrot ermal "y"tem", (ault and impa+t ,au,e o *ran"ported "ediment: la2e, ,la+ial till, perma(ro"t e1pul"ion 6Fue"tionable pro+e""7, (an-out/a" playa, /ind blo/n +lay dune" 6Fue"tionable abundan+e7, /ind blo/n (ine ,rained du"t 6Fue"tionable +ompo"ition7 Anti+ipate 120,000 year +y+le depo"ition o( or,ani+ matter ba"ed on obliFuity Con"ider orbital and rotational periodi+itie" o 8bliFuity appear" to ave lar,e"t in(luen+e on Martian +limate S allo/-/ater environment" are better (or o++urren+e and pre"ervation o( or,ani+" Lery little pre"erved in open marine "ettin,", more in re"tri+ted marine environment" 6limited amount o( o1y,en in /ater7, and even more in la+u"trine environment" <e/ tar,et: very lo/ or,ani+ +ontent" <eed to "pend more time drillin, and inve"ti,atin, Hue"tion":

(+a- Could you co""ent on how "uch is 'nown a#out preservation regarding specific clay content? 6-i"a #ratt7 0ven in deeply /eat ered, tropi+al "oil" t ere4" a (air amount o( or,ani+ matter pre"erved i( /e e1pand analyti+al met od"& <eed to (lu" out relation" ip" bet/een iron-o1ide" and iron- ydro1ide" in "oil" in re,ard" to pre"ervation& (&ethany Ehl"ann !hat is the role of "inerals in deep%surface environ"ents? 6-i"a #ratt7 -oo2 (or 2ind o( material" in (ault.(ra+ture (luid (lo/ pat /ay"& 8n eart , / ere li(e o++ur" in t e deep "ub"ur(a+e, it4" related to /ater& Lery little /or2 a" been done on lo+atin, or,ani+ matter in vein-(ill" in t e deep "ub"ur(a+e& A%an 0o/ard, )eomorp olo,i"t Geo"orphic Criteria for (efining (epositional Setting -a+u"trine and marine environment" are mo"t (avorable (or o"tin, and pre"ervin, li(e De(ine Sour+e to Sin2: 8ri,in tran"port depo"ition dia,ene"i" e1po"ure * e mo"t attra+tive "ite" are / ere /e +an better +on"train t e "our+e-to-"in2 "+enario )ale, Holden, 0ber"/alde are ba"in environment", "imilar to t e )reat Ea"in on 0art , / i+ i" /ell-"tudied and under"tood Morp olo,y o( t e )reat ba"in i" diver"e: la2e bed", bea+ " in,le", tu(( depo"it", alluvial (an", (luvial-dominated (an", debri" (lo/", et+& * e +onte1t o( @ba"in-"ite"A 6Holden, 0ber"/alde, Holden, )ale7 are more /ell+on"trained t an t e ot er "ite" #rodu+tion: o ! at pro+e"" produ+ed tran"portable debri"C # y"i+al /eat erin,, + emi+al /eat erin,, impa+t +raterin,, vol+ani+", land"lide *ran"port: o 3luvial tran"port, aeolian tran"port, ,la+ier", land"lide" and debri" (lo/, turbidity +urrent" 6deep /ater environment7, +rater e9e+ta, vol+ani"m, /ave" and tide" Depo"ition: o 3rom (luid tra+tion on bed, "u"pen"ion, bul2 (lo/ 6un"orted ,enerally7, pre+ipitation (rom "olution Dia,ene"i": o !eat erin,, +ompa+tion and +ementation, re+ry"talliBation, o1 and r1 rea+tion" 01po"ure: o :nmodi(ied, di((& aeolian ero"ion, (aultin,.upli(t, land"lide", +raterin,, (luid ero"ion Compli+ation": o Si,ni(i+ant temporal interval" in "our+e to "in2 "tep"

o Step" not mutually e1+lu"ive o Same ,eomorp i+ a,ent +an be involved in more t an one "tep o Multiple +y+le" o( tran"port and depo"ition Caveat": o -andin, at a "ite may not provide lar,er ,eomorp i+ +onte1t or /ellde(ined a,e +on"traint" 6Meridiani7 o May be "urpri"ed about / at /e di"+over about (ormative environment 6)u"ev7 Site" ere ave di((erin, de,ree" o( interpretability o( "our+e to "in2 +onte1t Site" /it be"t +on"traint" in relatively +lo"ed ba"in 6Holden, )ale, 0ber"/alde7 o )reate"t diver"ity o( ,eomorp i+ environment" Eonu" o( en+lo"ed ba"in "ite" are (rin,in, alluvial (an" 6in+ludin, "ample" o( an+ient i, land" +ru"t7 o $n(ormative o( ydrolo,i+ +ondition" o 3luvially dominated (an" ave more di"tin+t beddin, 6v"& debri" (lo/ dominated (an"7 o Di((erin, atmo"p eri+ + emi"try on Mar" implie" di((eren+e" in mineral "tability and /eat erin, potential

Hue"tion": (? !hy would channels #e raised on the fans? 6Alan Ho/ard7 Aeolian ero"ion "tripped (iner-,rained material t at /a" overlyin, + annel" +on"i"tin, o( +oar"er-,rained material", / i+ are more re"i"tant to ero"ion& *ohn +rot1inger +SL Science Goals and Site Evaluation Criteria Habitability: inventory + emi+al buildin, blo+2" o( li(e& $nve"ti,ate + emi+al, i"otopi+, mineralo,i+ +ompo"ition o( Martian "ur(a+e and near-"ur(a+e ,eolo,i+al material" o Studie" o( terre"trial mi+robe" in+rea"in,ly " o/ t e viability o( (indin, abitable environment" on Mar" 6mi+robe" on 0art +an live any/ ere varyin,.e1treme temperature, pre""ure, pH, to1in", "aline environment", :L e1po"ure, varyin, 82 +on+entration, deep "ur(a+e, et+&7 Diver"ity: ,reate"t number o( po""ible "+ien+e ob9e+tive" o !ant multiple "+ien+e tar,et" and "tyle" o( "trati,rap i+ e1pre""ion o !ant "ite /it bot morp olo,i+ and mineralo,i+ eviden+e (or pa"t /ater o Diver"e ydrated mineral" o Multiple "tyle" o( "trati,rap i+ e1pre""ion Ge,ional +onte1t i" important to + ara+teriBe "ite Habitability D /ant an environment t at +an "upport mi+robial li(e o #re"en+e o( H28, ener,y "our+e, +arbon 6(or li(e a" /e 2no/ it on 0art 7 o $denti(y a parti+ular ,eolo,i+ environment 6or "et o( environment"7 t at /ould "upport mi+robial li(e #re"ervation 6tap onomy7 D applie" to or,ani+", tra+e element", et+&

o Some pro+e""e" are more (avorable to biomar2er" or (o""il pre"ervation 6tap onomi+ /indo/7 o *ap onomi+ /indo/ i" dominated by bio,eo+ emi+al and t ermal pro+e""e" (or mi+robe" o 0arly dia,eneti+ i"tory o( +lay" i" +riti+al to t eir ability to "eFue"ter or,ani+ "ub"tan+e" o 0ven i( li(e i" not pre"erved at "pe+i(i+ "ite, /ant to at lea"t identi(y t e abitable environment or tap onomi+ /indo/ Criteria and e1ample" (or de(inin, t e diver"ity, abitability, ,eolo,i+ +onte1t and pre"ervation o( (o""il" in ro+2 re+ord

Hue"tion": (Eldar .oe (o#rea !e "ight learn so"ething fro" studying the #oundary #etween wet) ancient +ars and dry) younger +ars (e$g$ along the .oachian/,esperian transition $ (? !e need to re"e"#er what the payload can and cannot do$ (,ugh !hat is the e-tent cli"ate change or other processes on +ars "ight have degraded the preservation on +ars that we don0t thin' a#out on Earth? 6Da/n Sumner7 Mar" a" better pre"ervation potential +ompared to 0art be+au"e la+2 o( te+toni+" and dry +ondition"& *eff Bada Preservation of Organic +atter in Sulfates 3a+tor" in biomar2er pre"ervation on Mar" o Current environmental +ondition" are ar" o Mineralo,i+al +on+ern" o #a"t environmental +ondition" Hyper"aline /ater bodie" on Mar" 0valuation o( "tability i""ue" /it re"pe+t to pre"ervation o :"e amino a+id" a" mea"ure o( pre"ervation o( 0art Amino a+id" are ubiFuitou" in all (orm" o( li(e Ga+emiBe, de+arbon1ylate and deaminate 6t e"e pat /ay" o((er a,e in(o7 o )eneral +la""e" o( mineral" dete+ted on Mar": "ul(ate", alite, p yllo"ili+ate" Sul(ate and alite are ,ood +andidate" (or pre"ervation # yllo"ili+ate" are ,ood (or pre"ervation only i( t ey /ere depo"ited and pre"erved in ano1i+ depo"itional environment )o to a "ite /it more t an 9u"t p yllo"ili+ate" to (urt er pre"ervation potential Hue"tion": (? !hat a#out a"orphous silica? 6'e(( Eada7 )round-up FuartB depo"it" are t e +leane"t "tu(( you +an (ind&

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(? !hen you converted fro" Earth te"peratures to +ars te"peratures) did you use the average te"perature or the average effect over +artian te"perature ranges? 6'e(( Eada7 !e u"ed t e avera,e temp /ei, ted to/ard t e i, e"t temperature 6avera,e e1ponential temperature7& $( you ar,ue (or i, er temperature", t e al(-live" /ould be " orter& +enera% 2isc(ssion of )reser-ation and 0abitabi%ity (*ohn Grot1inger 2he "ost i"portant "ediu" to preserve traces of life are sedi"entary roc's$ 3s the taphono"ic window the sa"e for Earth and +ars? (+a- 4 !hen we tal' a#out phyllosilicates) we are referring to clay "inerals rather than grain si1e) right? (Linda 5eep in "ind concentration6 that0s why sedi"entary roc's are favora#le$ 2he idea of source to sin' is i"portant to thin' a#out$ (*en !hen loo'ing for organic "atter on +ars) we are tal'ing a#out trace a"ounts6 S7+ is designed to loo' for trace a"ounts of organics and has "ultiple capa#ilities to detect car#on$ 7re we "a'ing a "ista'e asserting that the terrestrial environ"ents are good analogs for +ars? (Lisa 3n la'es and playas on +ars) we assu"e that life is photosynthetic$ 7re we targeting photosynthetic life or non%photosynthetic life (i$e$ deep #iosphere ? &oth are different parts of the syste" #ut re8uire investigation$ 3f we assu"e life on +ars was always in deep su#surface) water on +ars is less of a concern and we would loo' at fracture/fault do"inated environ"ent$ !ould we #e a#le to see a signal on +ars that0s not photosynthetic? (*ac' +ustard to Lisa !hat a#out shallow crustal organic "atter? Should we e-pand the types of environ"ents we are searching for to incorporate non%photosynthetic life? (*ohn Grot1inger 2he profound difference #etween Earth and +ars is that +ars never developed a photosynthetic syste"$ !hich environ"ents would #e #est if we were only dealing with che"olithoautotrophs or ali'e? 6Dave7 #re"ervation i" important but you ave to determine t e +on+entration me+ ani"m& (*ohn Grot1inger ,ow well would a deep fracture syste" #e preserved? 6-i"a7 At ea+ "ite, /e ave to determine t e pro+e"" to "u"tain metaboli"m and promote "imultaneou" mineraliBation 6in re,ard" to li(e in deep bio"p ere7& Site" /it di((erent "trata ,ive" multiple + an+e" to e1amine di((erent depo"itional environment"& Diver"ity i" important& !e " ould (avor "ite" /it multiple layer", diver"e mineralo,y and multiple te1ture" 6i&e& ed,e" o( alluvial (an"7&

10

(Ross 3wrin ,as anyone studied i"pact craters as depositional environ"ents and hydrother"al syste"s (with apparent heat source and interaction with groundwater ? 6Dave7 :ltrama(i+ ro+2" in area /it "ediment" 6"erpentinBation7& 6Dave7 $( a mineral i" (ormin, at "ame time or,ani+ matter i" produ+ed, pre"ervation i" in+rea"ed& !eat erin, +lay" in a /et environment i" ideal& !e /ant + emi+al a""o+iation bet/een mineral" and or,ani+"& Cellular pre"ervation o++ur" be+au"e material i" entombed by mineral / ile or,ani+ matter i" "till viable, i"olatin, it (rom de,radation& ! at i" t e ran,e o( environment" t at are po""ible (or t i" "+enarioC 6Matt )olombe27 !e don4t 2no/ / et er t e p yllo"ili+ate" (ormed in t e ba"in / ere t ey are no/ or / et er t ey /ere tran"ported t ere& 6Dave7 Sour+e re,ion mi, t o((er better pre"ervation t an environment / ere t ey are tran"ported& (*ohn 3f there were no photoautotrophs on +ars) would la'e environ"ents #e less favora#le for preservation? 6Dave7 A la2e ba"in mi, t "till be o2ay i( you ave redu+in, po/er to "upport or,ani+ matter& 6-ivio *ornabene7 Many o( t e la2e" are in impa+t ba"in" / i+ mi, t be (ed by eat "our+e and ,round/ater& 6Eet any 0 lmann7 'eBero +rater i" a ,ood pre"ervation environment be+au"e it a" "me+tite +lay", / i+ /ere +omin, (rom a u,e "our+e re,ion / ere you ad p yllo"ili+ate" (ormin, in "itu& (&ethany Ehl"ann ,ow co"e isotopic signatures "aintain signatures of organic "atter? 6Go,er Eui+27 $"otopi+ "i,nature" are more robu"t to i, temperature and pre""ure but t i" may not apply to Mar"& Nou +an u"e a ran,e o( di((erent i"otope" t at are pre"erved in ran,e o( "edimentary environment" and mineral" t at repre"ent + emo-, etero-, and autotrop "& So, i"otope "i,nature" are po/er(ul i( you4re 9u"t loo2in, (or or,ani+"& *o (ind "omet in, "pe+i(i+, you need to ave more "pe+i(i+ +ondition"& Miyamoto Crater )resentations 0orton Ne/som Overview of the +iya"oto Crater 9loor Landing Site !ell-e"tabli" ed ,eolo,i+ i"tory and +onte1t O150 2m diameter +rater Strati,rap y and lit olo,y "imilar to ma9or unit" "een at Ma/rt and $"idi" ba"in mar,in Diver"ity o( Material" o # yllo"ili+ate" 6"ometime" in a""o+iation /it layer"7, + loride 8r,ani+ pre"ervation potential 11

o Cemented inverted + annel depo"it" 6"ili+a and ot er +ement"7 and ba"al unit "ediment" /it p yllo"ili+ate" 0viden+e o( abitable environment" o Analo,ou" to )reen Giver + annel" in :ta o 0arly (luvial epi"ode5 alteration o( ba"al unit by aFueou" pro+e""e" o Ma9or (luvial ero"ion epi"ode (ormin, re,ional valley net/or2" Crater and valley net/or2" early to mid-<oa+ ian Depo"it" in ellip"e probably late <oa+ ian Lariation" in t ermal inertia are +on"i"tent /it ,eolo,i+ unit" and mineralo,i+al diver"ity 6not 9u"t ,rain "iBe7 <ot "i,ni(i+ant du"t +over At lea"t t/o ma9or unit" in landin, "ite Ma(i+."ili+a.an ydrou"-"ul(ate p a"e" Strati,rap y: o Hematite bearin, plain" unit o Ea"in interior (ill o 0arly ba"in (ill 6p yllo"ili+ate"7 o Ea"ement -andin, "ite i" +la""i+ trun+ated ba"in mar,in e1po"ure #re"ervation potential: o Cementation o( + annel depo"it" t at (orm +appin, unit o # yllo"ili+ate ba"al layer o Sili+a and ot er +ement" ave i, or,ani+ pre"ervation potential

Hue"tion": (? Could you e-pand on the "ineralogy of the ce"entation/capping "aterial? 6Horton7 $n t e :ta + annel", t e +ementin, a,ent /a" "ili+a, and /e t in2 t at4" a rea"onable analo,ue (or t e +ementin, a,ent in Miyamoto ba"ed on orbital "pe+tral data& *osh Banfie%d 2,E+3S and 2ES analysis of +iya"oto crater Data produ+t" o *H0M$S "pe+tral unit map", *0S and *H0M$S "ur(a+e emi""ivity map" and ot er data produ+t" ere: ttp:..(a+ulty&/a" in,ton&edu.9o" band.+dp *H0M$S and *0S are "en"itive to bul2 mineral" / erea" <$G i" more "en"itive to "i,ni(i+ant +omponent"& Miyamoto o All "ur(a+e" ave "i,ni(i+ant pla,io+la"e and pyro1ene 6O20-I0?7 o 8livine and "ul(ate". i, Sili+a p a"e" are inver"ely +orrelated Con"i"tent /it variable aFueou" alteration Sul(ate dete+tion i" Fue"tionable, but not unrea"onable 0llip"e i" "imilar to olivine ba"alt 1 6pla,io+la"e, pyro1ene, olivine, "ul(ate", i, "ili+a p a"e"7

12

o Si,ni(i+ant ematite +on+entration" 20-;0 2m ea"t o( landin, ellip"e o Du"t i" not "i,ni(i+ant t rou, out t e re,ion o Slope "pe+tral unit a" "imilar "pe+tral, morp olo,i+al and t ermop y"i+al propertie" a" putative + loride" o( Osterloo et al$) 2008 6lo+ated OI0 2m to t e /e"t o( t e ellip"e7 Sandra Wiseman CR3S+ 7nalysis of +iya"oto Crater # yllo"ili+ate" 63e.M, "me+tite"7 are pre"ent and appear to be t e olde"t e1po"ed material and ave ,ood pre"ervation potential <o di"tin+t "i,nal" (or ydrated "ul(ate" Hue"tion": (? !hat was interpreted at fluvial deposits is different than the clay signature$ (on0t 'now anything a#out deposition environ"ent of clay "aterial$ 6Sandra !i"eman7 # yllo"ili+ate "i,nature doe" not +orre"pond to t e layer" /it in t e inverted + annel"& (? (o you see evidence of sulfates in the ellipse? 6Sandra !i"eman7 <o& (? ,ow "any other locations in inde- "ap yield that 8uality of phyllosilicate spectra? ,ow "uch of the e-posure has that degree of the ro#ustness within the spectra? 6Sandra !i"eman7 Almo"t everyt in, in t e D2;00 inde1 i" a ydrated mineral& Li-io Tornabene 3"pact origin for hydrous silicates on +ars Multiple ,eolo,i+ "ettin,".me+ ani"m" (or p yllo"ili+ate-bearin, mineral" # yllo"ili+ate" are abundant in terre"trial impa+t "ite" and mineral a""embla,e" mat+ / at /e "ee on Mar", ma2in, ori,in o( t e"e mineral" by impa+t a viable "olution, e"pe+ially ,iven t at /e are dealin, /it t e <oa+ ian and t e period o( eavy bombardment o Do p yllo"ili+ate" mean abundant lon, term /aterC o $t i" po""ible to (orm "u+ ydrou" p a"e" under tran"ient /ater +ondition"C $mpa+t "tru+ture ydrot ermal alteration D devitri(i+ation may a++ount (or more t an 50? o( t e +lay" on Mar" 6mo"tly "me+tite" +lay"7 o Clay" are very +ommon 6parti+ularly 3e-M, "me+tite"7 in impa+tite" re+overed (rom terre"trial impa+t "tru+ture" and e"pe+ially /it in meltbearin, impa+tite" 6interior and e1terior7 *erre"trial impa+tite p yllo"ili+ate" (ormed predominantly by: o Hydrot ermal 6po"t impa+t (luid" and eat7 o Devitri(i+ation 6dire+t, "olid-"tate tran"(ormation5 un"table ydrou" melt.,la"" tran"(ormed by t eir +ompo"ition and /ater +ontent7

1;

o Doe" not reFuire po"t-impa+t /ater-ro+2 intera+tion to (orm +lay" Hydrot ermal +lay" +an be di"tin,ui" ed (rom devitri(ied +lay": o $n vein" and a" open "pa+e-(illin, te1ture" o Clay" more omo,eneou" in +ompo"ition Devitri(i+ation +ould be more prevalent t an ydrot ermal a" a +lay-(ormin, me+ ani"m /it re"pe+t to lar,e impa+t" into volatile-ri+ tar,et" Hydrou" "ili+ate impa+t melt" on Mar"C o -ar,e and numerou" impa+t" P volatile-ri+ +ru"t Q ydrated "ili+ate" Melt-ri+ e9e+ta a""o+iated /it lar,e-"+ale impa+t ba"in" 6e&,&, Hella", $"idi"7 Habitability: o Hydrot ermal oa"i", up to 105 year" (or lar,e +rater" o $mpa+t" al"o in+rea"e ro+2 poro"ity and (ra+turin, (or +ryptoendolit i+ abitat" o #re"ervation and tran"(er o( or,ani+ "i,nature" to impa+tite RMartian ydrated "ili+ate" do not ne+e""arily reFuire lon, term /aterR

Hue"tion": (Scott ,ow i"portant is the process relative to other processes where you get phyllosilicates? !hat a#out the northern he"isphere/polar? ,ow do you e-plain intricate layering (e$g$ +awrth where you have 3ron/+agnesiu" silicates? 6-ivio *ornabene7 Du"t, "ur(a+e depo"it" and la+2 o( out+rop" in nort ern emi"p ere are limitin,& 0ro"ion and tran"port o( e9e+ta into layer"& Mo"t e9e+ta on Mar" i" layered5 e9e+ta i" not a" + aoti+ a" you t in2& 2isc(ssion of Miyamoto Crater (*i" Please su""ari1e units in the ellipse and their origins$ 6Horton7 * ere are t/o unit" /it in t e ellip"e& * e ba"al, p yllo"ili+ate bearin, unit /it poly,onal (ra+turin, and "ome layerin, and an overlyin, +omple1 +appin, unit / t inverted + annel depo"it"& * e ypot e"i" (or t e ba"al unit i" "edimentary ba"in (ill, per ap" depo"ited by lar,e river "y"tem" t at (lo/ed t rou, +rater& * e ypot e"i" (or t e +appin, unit i" +emented + annel depo"it"& Cannot readily di"tin,ui" t e depo"itional "ettin,.ori,in o( t e ba"al unit& (*ohn Grant !hat can you say a#out the deposition of the layered "aterial? Can you say anything a#out the nature of the "aterial (sedi"entary) volcanic) etc$ ? 6Horton7* e lo+ation on t e (loor o( a lar,e +rater / i+ i" part o( t i" lar,e + annel "y"tem& * e nature o( t e material i" un+ertain, but it i" layered, p yllo"ili+ate-bearin,& (*ohn Grant 3n ter"s of the "aterial on top of the #asal unit) how do you 'now if they are inverted channels rather than ridges that could for" #y another process? !hy do you favor fluvial origin? (o channels flow across gradient? 6Horton7 * e a"pe+t ratio o( t e rid,e".+ annel" i" indi+ative o( (luvial ori,in& <o eviden+e o( lobate (orm" t at /ould be indi+ative o( lava + annel".vol+ani+ ori,in& C annel" ,enerally (lo/ do/n to +rater +enter& $( + annel" are +emented, or,ani+" +ould

1I

be trapped in t ere 6Fue"tion about ability (or + annel to pre"erve abitable environment be+au"e +oar"e ,rained material i" ,enerally a""o+iated /it + annel (loor"7&!e only ave M8-A data at t i" point "o topo,rap y i" not /ell +on"trained 6/aitin, (or HiG$S0 D0M7& (? !hat did you "ean #y aspect ratio? Can you access ridges with the rover? (id you i"ply that ridges were good for ha#ita#ility and preservation6 channel fills tend to #e coarse "aterials$ 6Horton7 A"pe+t ratio i" + annel /idt .len,t & 8r,ani+ matter +an be trapped /it in +ementin, a,ent" t at (orm t e"e re"i"tant + annel"& * ere " ould be plenty o( pla+e" / ere t e rover +an a""e"" t e + annel"5 a++e"" " ouldn4t be a problem be+au"e +appin, material i" t rou, out t e ellip"e& (Eldar .oe (o#rea ,ow uni8ue is sulfate in the 2ES detections? Can you use a different "ineral and still get si"ilar results? 6'o" Ean(ield7 Nou +an u"e ot er mineral" and t ey are not eFually ,ood, but "till pretty ,ood& Dar2 "oil" +ome up /it O10? "ul(ate" but t ere i"n4t a uniFue "pot /it in+rea"ed "ul(ate mineral"& (Eldar .oe (o#rea 3s the only thing we are seeing una"#iguously the 3ron/+agnesiu" s"ectite clays? 6Sandra !i"eman7 Ne", $ /ould a,ree /it t at& (Linda 5ah 3f you have a networ' of inverted channels) what can you say a#out the preservation of organic "atter in the underlying phyllosilicate layers assu"ing that water would li'ely percolate through the cap unit? Could the phyllosilicates #e entirely diagenetic? 6Horton7 Ne", it i" po""ible t at t e p yllo"ili+ate" are dia,eneti+& (7lfred +cEwen ,ave you thought a#out a rover traverse? 6Horton7 <ot really, be+au"e everyt in, o( intere"t i" "pread t rou, out t e ellip"e, "o t ere are lot" o( di((erent "+enario" dependin, on t e len,t o( t e mi""ion& (? Grain si1e analysis of sandstone? 6Horton7 -ot" more to do to loo2 into t i"& (*ohn Grant Can you say anything diagnostic a#out the setting responsi#le for the phyllosilicates and the ridge syste"s? 6Horton7 <o, /e need HiG$S0 di,ital elevation model" be(ore /e +an do t at& (7lan ,oward 2he #roadly "eandering aspect of the ridges appears fluvial$ Loo' for #ranching indicative of tri#utaries$ (5en 2ana'a 2here are other ways to get ridges/channels$ (e#ris flows or aeolian fill could have #een deposited in pre%e-isting fluvial for"s #ut the fill is "uch younger$

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6Horton7 * e depo"it" are lo+ated on t e (lat +rater (loor "o /ater (ormin, t e"e + annel" i" +on"i"tent /it (luvial& * e ot er i""ue i" relative uni(ormity o( +appin, material"& (Steve 3n the site evaluation process) do we consider go%to versus non go%to as a selling point or not? 6Matt )olombe27 Don4t 2no/ o/ to evaluate t at (rom an en,ineerin, "tand point "o /e don4t ave a +o"t-bene(it analy"i"& 6Mi2e !at2in"7 A ,ood day /ould be "everal undred" o( meter" in (lat terrain i( /e ave ,ood MG8 data in (ront o( u"5 a bad day /ould be ten" o( meter"& Still a +o"tbene(it analy"i" to a"2 / et er it i" /ort ,ivin, up 20 day" o( "+ien+e (or t e ,o-to "ite"& (+ichelle 2here0s no way to 'now whether "inerals in channel deposits trapped active organic "atter$ 6Horton7 0viden+e (or lo+ation o( (luvial depo"it /ould "u,,e"t t at t i" i" a rea"onable po""ibility& 6Da/n Sumner7 Seep in mind t at /e are bia"ed by t e pre"ervation o( or,ani+ matter i" (luvial + annel" by avin, an ano1i+ environment& (*oe +ichals'i 3f we had ,iR3SE data prior to the +ER "ission) how would that have i"pacted "o#ility and "ission operations? 6Matt )olombe27 $( /e ad HiG$S0 +overa,e, 8pportunity li2ely /ouldn4t ave ,otten "tu+2 in pur,atory dune5 /e /ere navi,atin, (rom M8C <A ima,e" "o /e didn4t 2no/ e1a+tly / ere /e /ere at any ,iven time& !it HiG$S0 +overa,e, /e /ould ave been able to tell e1a+tly / i+ ripple or trou, /e /ere in& !e /ould ave been more e((i+ient but /ould not ave ,one /ildly (at er in traver"e"& (Linda 5ah !hat is the o#serva#le stratigraphic thic'ness of the layered phyllosilicates? 6Horton7 Minimum t i+2ne"" o( 20-;0 meter" (Ro#in 2wo of seven sites are close to +eridiani$ !hat0s "ore i"portant? ,ow are we supposed to weigh the pros and cons of understanding one location well or investigating different places on +ars? 6)olombe27 Ne"T ((ave (o the phyllosilicates post%date +iya"oto? !hat ways do you thin' +iya"oto can constrain phyllosilicates we see elsewhere on the planet? 7lso) if the phyllosilicates fill the crater) you can constrain the thic'ness of the deposit$ 6Horton7 !e are pretty +ertain it4" youn,er t an an+ient +ru"t and older t an t e Meridiani plain" unit" in term" o( ,eolo,i+al "tory& Con"i"tent /it u,e (luvial event& (*ohn Grot1inger (o we 'now if the "aterials on the western edge are overlain #y the "aterials to the east? 6Horton7 !e "ee overlappin, ed,e o( ba"in (ill material" e1tendin, out& Al"o, trou, t at run" to ea"t i" t e e1ten"ion o( a u,e (luvial "y"tem t at drain" to/ard Meridiani + ao"&

1M

!e don4t 2no/ o/ (ar /e"t t e Meridiani material e1tend", but /e "ee an eroded ed,e o( t e material& (+ichelle ,ow well do you 'now age range of units in this area? 6Eryan Hyne27 Lalley net/or2" to t e "out are late <oa+ ian and po""ibly rea+tivated at <oa+ ian.He"perian boundary& Hematite "ta+2 +ame a(ter t at& Ma1imum a,e i" late <oa+ ian (or mo"t material"& # yllo"ili+ate" are +oeval /it t e"e material"& (5en Edgett 30" concerned a#out "issing story stratigraphically$ 7lso) no one has "entioned the lava flows? (on0t see a geo"orphic connection #etween channel going into and out of +iya"oto$ 6Horton7 * e (luvial "y"tem t at drained t i" area i" very old& And $4ve never "een a lava (lo/& (5en Edgett 3 e"ailed you "onths ago with i"ages of the lava flows$

17

So(th Meridiani )resentations Sandra Wiseman and ,ay Ar-idson South +eridiani4 Phyllosilicate / Sulfate%,e"atite Contact 0llip"e /it in "ame ,eolo,i+ unit a" area e1plored by 8pportunity rover 6/ i+ i" O75 2m to nort 7 $n pla+e <oa+ ian p yllo"ili+ate" e1po"ure" Middle to late <oa+ ian (luvial di""e+tion <oa+ ian.He"perian +onta+t 0llip"e a" O200 m elevation di((eren+e, /it re,ional tilt do/n to nort 6allo/in, more ba"al unit e1plored ere t an / ere 8pportunity landed7 *H0M$S analy"i": olivine ba"alt unit e1ten"ive t rou, t e area 6t ou, more variation and "tren,t 7, i, er +on+entration /it in +rater& -o/er +on+entration o( ba"alt Q i, er +on+entration o( ematite *0S analy"i": " o/" "imilar data to *H0M$S5 olivine, "ul(ate", i, -"ili+a p a"e" are pre"ent at lo/er level", "pe+trally "imilar to / at 8pportunity inve"ti,ated at Meridiani CG$SM: "pe+tra i" dominated by 3e ;P, landin, ellip"e (rom CG$SM per"pe+tive i" poor& Mean/ ile out"ide t e ellip"e " o/" aluminum p yllo"ili+ate", iron.ma,ne"ium p yllo"ili+ate" and "ome ot er ydrated p a"e" )eolo,i+al +onte1t o <oa+ ian: p yllo"ili+ate alteration and depo"ition (rom un2no/n ori,in 6alteration o( <oa+ ian +ru"t, "edimentary depo"it", impa+t relatedC7 o :n+on(ormity o Middle to late <oa+ ian: period o( (luvial ero"ion, di""e+t" p yllo"ili+ate" o -ate <oa+ ian to 0arly He"perian: a++umulation o( "ul(ate-ri+ "ediment" Eene(it": $nta+t <oa+ ian.He"perian +onta+t, older <oa+ ian ba"ement and youn,er "edimentary, "ul(ate-ri+ ro+2" o 8nly one dire+tion to traver"e 6"out 7 ; p a"e mi""ion o 617 #lain" unit, more ba"al "trata near unit mar,in, evaporiti+ environment - potentially a ,ood pre"ervation potential o 627 <oa+ ian.He"perian +onta+t *raver"e "out to (luvial di""e+tion o 6;7 <oa+ ian p yllo"ili+ate" 6Diver"e: Saolinite, Montmorillonite, $ron.Ma,ne"ium "me+tite", Al-ri+ p yllo"ili+ate"7 Compo"itional "trati(i+ation *e"t (ormation ypot e"e" #re"ervation potential i" ,ood Hue"tion": (5en Edgett !hat are the chances that roc's are part of e:ecta fro" +iya"oto rather than so"ething deposited a#ove/#elow deposits given its pro-i"ity to +iya"oto? 6Sandra !i"eman7 Don4t "ee po"itive eviden+e (or e9e+ta but it +annot be ruled out& 18

(5en Edgett So"ewhere in the fluvial dissection) you would i"agine you would see e:ecta fro" +iya"oto unless it was entirely re"oved #efore the dissection$ 6Sandra !i"eman7 <ot all li, t-toned layer" e1 ibit eviden+e o( p yllo"ili+ate"& 6-ivio *ornabene7 09e+ta (rom Miyamoto mi, t "till be in t e "ub"ur(a+e& #re"ervation i" +ompli+ated by ot er impa+t" "o t ere4" a very ,ood + an+e t at Miyamoto e9e+ta i" pre"erved& 6Horton7 Nou /ould e1pe+t ydrot ermal alteration o( material" around Miyamoto rim& A""o+iation o( (ormation o( Miyamoto +rater /ould be intere"tin,& <eed CG$SM data o( Miyamoto rim (or +ompari"on& 6Sandra !i"eman7 -oo2ed at all CG$SM data in a lar,e area around t i" "ite and t i" i" t e (ir"t Al-ri+ p yllo"ili+ate "i,nature /it t e e1+eption o( one depo"it 20 2m a/ay& Mo"t are $ron.Ma,ne"ium "me+tite"& (Linda 5ah ;ou showed "ounds with different phyllosilicates signatures #ut you said so"ething a#out concentration of signatures in different stratigraphic layers$ 6Sandra !i"eman7 * at4" a di((i+ult Fue"tion& :pper layer may ave been draped on pree1i"tin, topo,rap y& Ged material 6in CG$SM "pe+tra7 i" a""o+iated /it t e upper layer and i" al/ay" "trati,rap i+ally above ,reen material& $n HiG$S0, ,reen material 6in CG$SM7 mi, t al"o be at di"tin+t oriBon& <ot "ure about ot er material"& * e di((eren+e" +ould be related to di((erent mineral a""embla,e" or di((eren+e" in /ater + emi"try t rou, oriBon"& 6Horton7 Material" you "ee +ould be a""o+iated /it t e (ormation o( Miyamoto 6/ i+ /ould be e1pe+ted (or a 150 2m diameter7& Nou " ould e1pe+t ma""ive meltin, and ydrot ermal pro+e""e" a((e+tin, rim o( +rater& Al"o, mi, t e1pe+t ot-"prin, type depo"it", but mo"t li2ely lar,e valley net/or2 po"t-dated (ormation o( Miyamoto& (Linda 5ah 3s there "orphological evidence for hot springs? 6Horton7 <o, it4" eavily eroded, "o mineralo,i+al "i,nature" /ould be t e only eviden+e pre"erved& 2# Fern3nde1 ,emo%ar Chances of 9inding Preserved &iological 3nfor"ation at South +eridiani 0arly and late <oa+ ian to He"perian Sout Meridiani ,ood (or pre"ervation o( or,ani+ matter ba"ed on mineral a""embla,e: p yllo"ili+ate", + loride" and ot er evaporate" # yllo"ili+ate" in early material", a+idi+ "ul(ate" in aeolian-derived depo"it" and 3e-o1ide" Ge+ord" at lea"t one ma9or paleoenvironmental event: o Mildly a+idi+ to neutral o Stron,ly a+idi+ o 3ormation o( (erri+ o1ide"C #otentially re+ord" Mar" bio"p ere (rom very early a,e" and ,oin, t rou, a late <oa+ ian a+idi+ event

1>

o Eoundary bet/een p yllo"ili+ate" and a+idi+ unit" o May re+ord di((erent pre"ervation "ta,e" # yllo"ili+ate" ,ood (or pre"ervation, but li2ely a((e+ted by a+idi+ event +ould ave been e1po"ed to a+id lea+ in, / i+ /ould ave de"troyed or,ani+" at "ur(a+e A+idi+ "ul(ate": o Maintain "tru+ture" and or,ani+" 6,yp"um and 9aro"ite re"i"tant to late "ta,e di""olution event" and pre"erve or,ani+" over time, re"pe+tively7 o Salt" +an trap dormant mi+robe" o Some +an (orm under mi+robial mediation $ron o1ide": o Hi, ly re"i"tant to p y"i+al and + emi+al /eat erin, o #re"erve" "tru+ture" /ell o Can pre"erve or,ani+" but: t ermodynami+ally un"table and mi+robe" +an madurate.de"troy or,ani+" Carbonate" normally o++ur a" pre+ipitate mediated by mi+robe"

2isc(ssion of So(th Meridiani (,orton Sandra !ise"an) can you co""ent "ore on the diversity and nature of layering within the plains? 3n +OC i"ages) 3 interpreted the" as shorelines$ (o you have evidence that those are e-posed stratigraphically? 6Sandra !i"eman7 )eomorp i+ally, t ey loo2 li2e di"+rete layer" but it4" not obviou" in CG$SM& * e CG$SM "i,nature i" dominated by bedro+2 and "and " eet"& (,orton !hat do you see with CR3S+ at the contact #etween the #ase"ent "aterials? 6Sandra !i"eman7 * ere i" lot" o( dar2 mantlin, material / i+ ma2e" it di((i+ult to "ee anyt in, in CG$SM& All t e HiG$S0 +overa,e i" in a+tual ellip"e, not out"ide o( ellip"e alon, t i" +onta+t& (+ichelle 3s there an assu"ption that this is a transition #etween the .oachian to the ,esperian? 6Sandra !i"eman7 * e p yllo"ili+ate-bearin, terrain pre-date" t e (luvial di""e+tion& * e -ate <oa+ ian.early He"perian unit i" youn,er t an t e (luvial di""e+tion& (7shwin <asavada !hat are the chances of understanding the environ"ental change along the #oundary as opposed to o#serving the #efore and after? 6Sen 0d,ett7 * ere4" no ,uarantee t at t e plain" t at t e 8pportunity rover a" inve"ti,ated are He"perian due to burial and e1 umation& * e ro+2 t at (orm" t e Meridiani plain" embay" p yllo"ili+ate-bearin, ro+2, ma2in, t e p yllo"ili+ate-bearin, ro+2 older& * i" repre"ent" an un+on(ormity, / i+ i" al"o +overed by a mantle, "o t e tran"ition mi, t not be ob"ervable& (7shwin <asavada So) what does that tell you a#out the value of stating that it0s a scientific goal for this site?

20

6Sen 0d,ett7 * e bene(it o( t i" "ite i" t at you ,o to a di((erent "trati,rap i+ layer /it in a "eFuen+e /e4ve already "tudied /it t e 8pportunity rover /it a di((erent payload and a pre-e1i"tin, "et o( Fue"tion"& 6Go,er Eui+27 * ere +an "till be /eat erin, t at re+ord" t e i"tory o( t e upper part o( t e lo/er unit in an un+on(ormity& So, t ere4" a po""ibility o( ,ettin, into t at ,ap5 even t ou, it4" an un+on(ormity, t e i"tory i" not all mi""in,& $( it4" "ub-aerial you4re titratin, t e ro+2 /it t e atmo"p ere& Sub-aFueou", titratin, di""olved ,a"e"& So eit er /ay you re+ord "omet in, intere"tin, and po""ibly biolo,i+ally "i,ni(i+ant& (? 3s it possi#le to record so"e lithological ter"inology in these roc's? =Phyllosilicate% #earing> is such an opa8ue ter" that 3 can0t "a'e out what it really is$ 6Sandra !i"eman7 !it CG$SM, /e +an dete+t iron, bound /ater, "ul(ate"& $( you ave FuartB and p yllo"ili+ate", you +an only dete+t p yllo"ili+ate"& <eutral +omponent" +ontribute to t e "pe+trum but don4t + an,e it mu+ & !e +an4t "ay anyt in, about t e a#undance o( mineral"& # yllo"ili+ate-bearin, i" t e term u"ed be+au"e t ere mi, t be material" in t ere t at /e are not dete+tin,& :nle"" it4" ydrated, ydro1illated or +ontain" iron, /e +an4t be more "pe+i(i+& (7lan ,oward 2his site is a type e-a"ple where we have an intriguing spectral signature #ut no =source to sin'> conte-t$ !e run the ris' of not learning "uch #ecause the conte-t is lac'ing$ (Eldar 2his site clearly has great diversity #ut there0s no conte-t for phyllosilicates$ 3f the stratigraphy isn0t o#vious) it will #e #ased on assu"ptions/interpretations and we0ll #e in the sa"e situation as the Spirit rover in Colu"#ia ,ills$ 6Sandra !i"eman7 * e diver"ity i" on a "mall "+ale relative to "iBe o( a CG$SM pi1el& $t4" di((i+ult to a""i,n "pe+i(i+ unit in HiG$S0 to CG$SM ob"ervation due to di((eren+e" in re"olution& (? 3f you found a specific pattern of te-tural features in the ,iR3SE data that correlates to a phyllosilicate signature) we would navigate that once on the ground$ 6Horton7 !e /ould 2no/ /it in 20 m / ere t e p yllo"ili+ate "i,nature i"& 6Sandra !i"eman7 * ere are material" t at do not e1 ibit p yllo"ili+ate "i,nature in CG$SM& * e material t at erode" to (orm t e 2nob", (rom a CG$SM per"pe+tive, i" dominated by a (erri+ "i,nature& Mo"t o( t e poly,onal (ra+turin, in ,eneral +orrelate" /it p yllo"ili+ate dete+tion"& 6Go"" $r/in7 Sout Meridiani la+2" depo"itional and ,eomorp i+ +onte1t, ma2in, t i" "ite le"" (avorable& 6DavidC7 Maybe be"t "ite (or p yllo"ili+ate" i" t e one t at o((er" t e mo"t verti+al relie( to be,in to under"tand +onte1t& 6Matt )olombe27 * i" "ite a" bot p yllo"ili+ate" and "ul(ate", / i+ in+redibly attra+tive, but t e +onte1t and ori,in are un+ertain& ma2e" it

21

(*ohn Grot1inger ,ow "uch stratigraphy could you do if you landed here? ,ow "uch vertical section of sulfates would you have access to here? 6Sandra !i"eman7 Don4t 2no/ pre-e1i"tin, topo,rap y t at t e Meridiani plain" are overlyin,& A" you ,et to t e mar,in o( t e unit it4" ard to tell t e t i+2ne"" o( t e depo"it"& 6'o n )rant7 $n one "pot you mi, t ,et 20-;0 m o( "e+tion (rom t e lar,e"t impa+t +rater "out o( t e landin, ellip"e& (*ohn Grant Going #eyond payload with +ER) how is this the #est site for +SL? 6David7 Nou +ould ar,ue t at t e "ul(ate" /ere depo"ited in "itu, and t e p yllo"ili+ate" /ere li2ely altered t ere& Maybe t at4" t e be"t /ay to di"tin,ui" bet/een "ite", / et er t e mineral" (ormed in "itu or /ere tran"ported to t eir +urrent lo+ation& (*ac' +ustard E-posure is good$ ,ow would +eridiani as an aeolian and groundwater syste" ran' in ter"s of preservation? 6'o n )rotBin,er7 Sul(ate" +an be ,ood (or pre"ervation, but t e +on+entration o( t e brine mi, t not be ,ood (or abitability& $( /e ,et into +omple1 terrain" t at are intere"tin, 6tra+e-element enri+ ment7 but you (ind "omet in, di((erent a" you drive (rom ro+2 to ro+2, it4" ard to ma2e "en"e o( everyt in, until you4re done +olle+tin, data& 6Matt )olombe27 Gover" are not ,ood at re,ionally mappin, out a unit& Haven4t been able to do t at /it M0G and doubt it4" po""ible /it MS-& T(esday September !4th Ni%i Fossae Tro(gh )resentations *# M(stard 3ntroduction to the .ili 2rough Landing Site #er"i"tently /et (or a lon, period o( time, pre"erved by ,eomorp i+ and mineralo,i+ eviden+e <eed to +on"ider / et er Mar" never developed p oto"ynt eti+ or,ani+ matter Ge,ional )eolo,y and 3luvial.Alluvial 0vent" Habitability and potential (or pre"ervation N# Mango%d Geologic Setting) Conte-t * ree unit": Clay-ri+ ba"ement 6"tron,ly altered7, 8livine-ri+ unit 6partial alteration7, <ili 3o""ae lava (lo/" at top 6no alteration7 Crater e9e+ta 6in"ide ellip"e7 and "ome "appin,-li2e valley" and (an" 6out"ide ellip"e7 are youn,er t an t e <ili 3o""ae lava (lo/" 3an" in"ide +rater /it ydrated e9e+ta o Sappin,-li2e valley in"ide <ili (loor 6(an7

22

-ate "ta,e, more re+ent land(orm" Sli, t ydration +ompared to bedro+2 o( (an at outlet o( "appin,li2e valley Lalley" +ut olivine-ri+ layer Al"o "inuou" valley" /it (an" 6'eBero7 o 'eBero (an U100 m t i+2 6avera,e7 At lea"t 10 time" le"" t an / at valley " ould output 'eBero (an +an4t remove all t e material (rom t e valley -a"t "ta,e o( a+tivity 6'eBero (an7 -ate (an" un+ertain to be related to any alteration but t ey "u,,e"t epi"ode" o( "table liFuid /ater at "ur(a+e :pper valley" and (an are po""ible reli+" (rom a +lima+ti+ optimum 6lon, i"tory related to alteration o( bedro+2C7 Sinuou" valley "y"tem to t e ea"t 6=;00 m deep7 and 'eBero (an" to "out ea"t o( landin, ellip"e (ormed a(ter 8livine-ri+ unit and <ili 3o""ae lava (lo/"

Bethany Eh%mann +ineralogy of .ili 9ossae Region At lea"t t ree period" o( "u"tained /ater-ro+2 intera+tion" *rou, +ut" t rou, lo/ +al+ium pyro1ene 6-C#7 lava but i" partially (illed by i, +al+ium pyro1ene 6HC#7 dominated lava o -C# around trou, and nort ern part o HC# +over" "out ern area Lery lar,e +on+entration o( olivine in t i" re,ion o #re-date t e 3o""ae Se+ondary mineralo,y: 3e.M, "me+tite" Al"o ave 2aolinite, illite.mu"+ovite, + lorite, +arbonate in re,ion o ; provin+e" o( alteration Small o++urren+e" o( M,-ri+ +arbonate 6altered under neutral to i, pH +ondition"7 o GeFuire" lot" o( olivine and e1ten"ive intera+tion /it /ater Cap unit i" "pe+trally bland, li2ely ma(i+ /it "mall amount" o( pyro1ene Saolinite-"me+tite on top o( $ron.Ma,ne"ium "me+tite in <ili 3o""ae /all, li, ttoned layer", li2ely "edimentary 6C7 o 3e.M, "me+tite" ydrated unit2aolinite Sme+tite" ave ,reat layerin, in +entral pea2 o( lar,e +rater to t e nort o( t e landin, "ite" o Saolinite layer +ap" bot in-"itu and tran"ported "me+tite" */o potential ,eolo,i+ i"torie" - "ub"ur(a+e 6 ydrot ermal or "erpentiBation7 v"& "ur(a+e alteration 3or MS-: o $n-"itu "me+tite" and 2aolinite o Ere++ia blo+2"

2;

o Conte1t: "trati,rap y i" di"tin,ui" able o Habitability: per"i"tently /et and /ell e1po"ed, neutral to aFueou" environment

i,

pH

*osh Banfie%d 2ES and 2,E+3S +ineralogical perspective on .ili 2rough Region and Landing Site */o unit" /it +ompo"ition" "imilar to ba"alt identi(ied in *0S.*0HM$S data 6"i,ni(i+ant pla,io+la"e, pyro1ene, le"" i, -"ili+a p a"e"7 8livine and pyro1ene are inver"ely +orrelated /it i, "ili+a p a"e" 6variable alterationC7 :pper limit o( p yllo"ili+ate abundan+e i" 10-20? 6+an be mu+ i, er i( pre"ent a" lo"e, (ine parti+le"7 Gatio "pe+trum a" "tron, IM5 +m-1 (eature but "me+tite" doublet i" ab"ent o 8nly one @dete+tionA u"in, ration" and indi+e" lead" to (al"e po"itive due to C82 Similar to Ma/rt Lalli" *# M(stard +ineralogic and +orphologic (iversity in .ili 2rough Multiple, di"tin+t abitable environment" o <oa+ ian p yllo"ili+ate" o Hydrot ermal o Sedimentary unit" 6alluvial.(luvial, in(ill o( trou, t rou, "appin, unit", re,ionally layered unit"7 o Sub"ur(a+e ,round/ater or " allo/ +ru"tal environment 6 abitability, abundant + emi+al ener,y "our+e" (or non-p oto"ynt eti+ planet7 $mpa+t pro+e""e": "uperbly e1po"ed e9e+ta (rom M5 2m Har,rave" +rater Compo"ition and + ara+ter o( an+ient, unaltered +ru"t $"idi" ba"in and Syrti" lava" are ma9or time-"trati,rap y mar2er" o Si,ni(i+ant ,radation bet/een $"idi" ba"in (ormation and Syrti" lava empla+ement o Clearly de(ined /et period" )eolo,i+ +onte1t (or under"tandin, t e intera+tion o( /ater i" /ell pre"erved and e1po"ed !ide"pread ,radation by alluvial and (luvial pro+e""e" a" (illed topo,rap i+ lo/" )o ba+2 in time / en loo2in, at bre++ia blo+2" 01amine (ra+ture", +onduit" (or (lo/, mineraliBation <ili 3o""ae trou, pre"ent" a diver"e "uite o( ,oal" and multiple "+ienti(i+ tar,et" t at miti,ate" ri"2 S+ien+e in t e landin, ellip"e: predominantly p yllo"ili+ate ri+ e9e+ta (rom Har,rave" +rater 6about 200 m t i+2 on trou, (loor7, He"perian lava (lo/", diver"e lit olo,ie" 6in+ludin, 2aolinite7, rid,e" 6mineraliBed (ra+ture Bone" or di2e"C7 2I

2a-id 2es Marais Potential ,a#ita#ility and &iosignature Preservation at the .ili 2rough Site <eed ener,y and /ater to (ind li(e5 or,ani+ matter on eart (ound in "ub"ur(a+e environment" 81idation.redu+tion rea+tion" +an "u"tain li(e, even /it out p oto"ynt e"i" 6and /it out 827 <ili 3o""ae a" ma(i+ "our+e ro+2 and altered produ+t 6ener,y "our+eC7 <ear "ur(a+e depo"it" +on"i"tent /it /ide"pread eviden+e o( per"i"tent near"ub"ur(a+e aFueou" environment" o Con"i"tent /it +on(luen+e o( lon,-term re,ional draina,e #rote+tion (rom de"tru+tive a,ent" i" +riti+al o 8r,ani"m", t ermal, o1idation, et+& #re"ervation en an+er": o Gedu+in, +ondition" o SeFue"tration in p yllo"ili+ate", "ili+a, evaporite", +arbonate", et+& o Eurial 6in near-"ub"ur(a+e to "tart /it 7 Duration o( abitable +ondition" D (luvio.alluvial and near "ub"ur(a+e alteration At <ili: Ma(i+ "our+e ro+2 and altered produ+t 6,reat potential (or pre"ervation o( or,ani+ matter7, diver"ity o( mineral", (ra+ture" ,ive potential o( mineraliBation, relatively unaltered by /eat erin,, "u"tained /ater-ro+2 intera+tion", a++e""ible terrain, e1 umed "ub"ur(a+e depo"it" Ni%i Fossae 2isc(ssion (? 2he "ineralogy and interesting relationships see" to #e far fro" landing ellipse$ ,ow can we test the things within ?%@ landing ellipse when it0s "ostly e:ecta which isn0t as co"pelling as the in situ o#servations? 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 $t i" O10 2m (rom +enter o( ellip"e to ed,e& * e Har,rave" e9e+ta i" diver"e, and may allo/ a++e"" to potential impa+t melt" t at +ontain a"pe+t" o( environment" in / i+ t ey /ere empla+ed& #re"ervation o( or,ani+ matter in impa+t melt i" a po""ibility& $t4" not until you ,et to t e ed,e o( t e ellip"e t at you a++e"" ot er ,eolo,y, but t e additional "+ien+e i" 9u"t at t e ed,e o( t e ellip"e& 6-ivio *ornabene7 $ /ouldn4t +on"ider e9e+ta a" @(loat,A be+au"e /e 2no/ e1a+tly / ere it +ome" (rom& 6C7 * e point i" t at you4re "amplin, e9e+ta rat er t an out+rop& 6Da/n Sumner7 Nou +an tell t e "our+e o( impa+t bre++ia& 8n early eart , /e are not "ure / en p oto"ynt e"i" evolved, but prior to t at, + emolit oautotrop " /ere al"o li2ely at t e "ur(a+e due to lo+al ,radient"& $n t e deep "ur(a+e, / ere t e ,radient" are bet/een /ater and ro+2, it4" more di((i+ult to identi(y& 8r,ani+ matter in ba"alt i" very "mall and independent o( p oto"ynt e"i"& Lery i, re"olution ima,e" are ne+e""ary to

25

+on(irm / et er t ey are ,ro/in, or not& An e1ample o( mi1in, "ub"ur(a+e and "ur(a+e environment" /ould be / ere ba+teria i" ,ro/in, into pillo/ ba"alt"& * i" al"o o++ur" on a mi+ron "+ale and /ould be unob"ervable /it t e MS- payload& $4m /orried about te"tin, "ub"ur(a+e bio"p ere on Mar" /it t e MS- payload& 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 !e don4t under"tand a lot o( t e part" o( t e "y"tem& 6Dave D7 * i" "ite o((er" a "pe+trum o( a++e"" (rom t e "ub"ur(a+e to t e "ur(a+e& 6C7 Could you "pe+ulate on o/ mu+ or,ani+ matter you mi, t e1pe+t to (indC Ho/ mu+ total or,ani+ +arbon 6*8C7C $" t at a++e""ible by MS-C 6Dave D7 0ner,y "our+e rate and rate o( "eFue"tration& $n terre"trial "ur(a+e environment", it4" about t e rate o( "eFue"trationC $n a (ra+ture (ill populated at mar,in, you +ould ave i, , lo+al +on+entration"& 6C7 * e +on+entration o( total or,ani+ +arbon in (ra+ture (ill" in a ,la+ial environment i" i, & 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 $( you avera,e t e total or,ani+ +arbon, t e +on+entration /ill be "mall, but in lo+al environment" t e *8C i" i, er& (*ohn Grot1inger !hich environ"ents where the organic "atter is trivially present do you have the #est potential of preservation? (Linda 5ah 7lteration fronts are favora#le #ut the #recciated #edroc' doesn0t offer a conte-tual relationship6 you0re "issing the geoche"ical pathway that you would ta'e$ ,ard to say what fluid pathways "ay have #een due to "issing se8uential relationships$ 2here is good evidence for sustained water activity #ut that "ight also hurt preservation potential$ ,ow can you distinguish clays that are with the pac'age? 7re we going to #e a#le to recogni1e that or are we not going to #e a#le to say anything a#out the che"istry? 6Dave D&7 $( you /ant i, temperature pro+e""e" do/n to ambient, t i" i" t e pla+e to ,o& 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 !it t e array o( morp olo,i+ (eature" and mineralo,i+ +onte1t you ave a "ite t at o((er" "trate,i+ de+i"ion" on o/ to employ t e MS- a""et"& 6C7 * e a""embla,e play" an important role& 3rom t e C eMin point o( vie/, t e bland +ap ro+2 "eem" li2e olivine plu" vol+ani+ ,la""& 6-ivio *ornabene7 CG$SM +an4t "ee pla,io+la"e but you "ee pyro1ene, olivine& 6Dave7 'u"t ,ettin, t e (ull mineralo,y o( t e "ample /ill ,ive you a lot& (Ross 3rwin 2here is clear evidence of wetness #ut no convincing evidence of =sustained> wetness (e$g$ flooding $ 9luvial landfor"s are poorly developed relative to

2M

other places on +ars$ 2he phyllosilicate%#earing unit is old) predating the 3sidis #asin i"pact) and what is the potential diagenesis? 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 * at4" true (or every "ite but /e +an +onne+t t e dot" (rom "our+e to "in2& 6-ivio *ornabene7 $( t e p yllo"ili+ate-bearin, material" are ba"in e9e+taV 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 !e are out"ide t e tran"ient +rater o( $"idi"& * ere(ore you4re in t e Bone o( e9e+ta a++umulation, li2ely a 2ilometer& * e me,abre++ia" t at /e "ee t ere i" li2ely (rom $"idi"& * i" i" a very /ell-e1po"ed e1ample o( t e <oa+ ian +ru"t& *o ,et at t e ori,in o( t e p yllo"ili+ate", t e p yllo"ili+ate" /ere (ormed durin, t e early period and t e +ru"t i" deeply /eat ered& )reat opportunity to (i,ure out t e pro+e"" o( p yllo"ili+ate (ormation& ! ere /e "ee p yllo"ili+ate" and "trati,rap y, /e +an (i,ure out t e tran"port& 6Eet any 0 lmann7 $n re"pon"e to t e /etne"" Fue"tion, t e mineralo,y i" eviden+e o( "u"tained /etne""& * e (a+t t at /e ave /ell-developed +lay" implie" 10WI year" o( /ater intera+tin, /it t e"e material"& Al"o epi"ode" o( (luvial tran"port re"ultin, in + annel development and t e e1+avation o( material& -a"tly, 2aolinite i" eviden+e (or t ird period o( alteration& 6Da/n Sumner7 All t e propo"ed "ite" ave eviden+e o( /ater, and /ater plu" ro+2 yield" a + emi+al ,radient& ! at "pe+i(i+ t in," +an /e "ee t at MS- +an te"tC ! en you ave a tran"port "y"tem o( material", you end up /it a "eFuen+e o( event" t rou, time t at re(ine your time "+ale t an "omet in, li2e t e alteration o( +lay" o( old ro+2"& 8n eart , /e don4t 2no/ / en alteration o++urred, o/ Fui+2ly it (ormed, or number o( epi"ode", even i( you ave an altered unit under a +appin, ba"alt - /e ar,ue all t e time about role o( ,round/ater ver"u" "ur(a+e alteration& !it t i" "ite, be"ide" ,ettin, t e mineralo,i+al +onte1t, it4" un+lear o/ to a""e"" abitability& $4m not "eein, t e +onne+tion bet/een / at MS- +an ob"erve and re(inin, abitability& ! at ob"ervation" +an you ma2e on t e old, +lay-bearin, +ru"t t at +an tell you about abitabilityC At Miyamoto, $4m not "ure5 $ aven4t loo2ed at t e data enou, & At 0ber"/alde, MS- +an loo2 at "edimentary "tru+ture" 6aeolian, vol+ani+ "ediment"7, mineralo,y, variation o( di((erent environment"& !e /ant (eature" in t e ro+2 beyond mineralo,y t at +an tell you "omet in, about abitability& * e +ry"tallinity in t e +lay" +an tell you "omet in, about temperature& 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 * e (ra+ture" - loo2 (or morp olo,y and alteration (ront"& $n t e <ili *rou, , t ere are al"o (luvially tran"ported environment"& * ere are multiple abitat" (or inve"ti,ation& 6Da/n Sumner7 !e need to 2no/ t e "patial "+ale& (Roger &uic' ,ow do you 'now the ="inerali1ed fracture 1ones> aren0t di'es (which are uninha#ita#le or .eptunian di'es (re"o#ili1ed and filled fro" a#ove rather than evidence for a hydrother"al syste" which would #e indicative of su#surface environ"ent? 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 $ don4t 2no/ t e ori,in o( t e (ra+ture", t e"e are ypot e"e"& * ere area lot o( unan"/ered Fue"tion" at all t e propo"ed "ite"&

27

(*ohn Grot1inger Can you point to "inerali1ed di'es? Other sites point to a delta$ 6-ivio *ornabene7 HiG$S0 +an4t do it& 6Al(red7 Nou +an put to,et er a "tory but lot" o( /or2 need" to be done& 6-ivio *ornabene7 Eut ,iven t e ,eolo,i+ "ettin,, you /ould e1pe+t an array o( t e"e (eature"& 6Eet any7 * e (ra+ture" don4t +ut t rou, many o( t e unit"5 t ey are re"tri+ted to t e lo/er unit& * at doe"n4t rule out t e po""ibility t at t ey +ould ave been di2e" t at /ere intruded prior to t e empla+ement o( t e upper unit"& 6-inda Sa 7 $4ve loo2ed at +arbonate /eat erin, in ba"alti+ +ap" and (ra+ture" and you don4t "ee anyt in, t at int" at or,ani+ +arbon /it in (ra+ture" o( /eat erin, pro(ile"& $( you move into t e ba2e Bone, you lo"e all "i,nature"& 6C7 ! en $ ear t e term @"u"tained /ater,A $ t in2 o( aFueou" environment"& ! at /e don4t ave at t i" "ite i" eviden+e o( la+u"trine or marine environment", / i+ i" / ere /e ,et pre"ervation o( (o""il" and rapid burial& * at4" a problem /it u"in, (luvial.alluvial environment / en loo2in, (or abitability& 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 * i" i" not a la+u"trine "ite& * ere a"n4t been enou, +onver"ation or e1pert" to di"+u"" t e po""ibility o( pre"ervation in abitable environment" t at /eren4t la+u"trine& !e need per"pe+tive in a +ru"tal bio"p ere5 / at /a" t e potential (or abitability t ereC 6-ivio *ornabene7 !e don4t 2no/ o/ lon, a la+u"trine environment on Mar" la"t"& 6#an Conrad7 8n 0art , / en you ave or,ani+ matter livin, in +ra+2", t ey ave to ,et t ere and "urvive (rom "ome/ ere el"e& 0ven at lo"t +ity, / en you4re in t e "ubmarine and loo2in, (or t e ydrot ermal vent, you +an4t "ee it until you4re almo"t on top o( it& * e robu"t bio" ere around t e vent i" at t e vent& * e "ur(a+e o( Mar" i" li2e a nu+lear rea+tor& Nou +an4t elp but t in2 t at you need "tandin, /ater and "lo/ depo"itional re,ime, prote+ted (rom t e radiation environment "o t at you +an e,re"" (rom t e old to ne/ environment and pre"erve t o"e "i,nature"& <eed to 2eep balan+e o( pre"ervation and radiation in mind / en a""e""in, "ite"& 0o%den Crater )resentations *ohn +rant 2he (epositional Setting in ,olden Crater Holden i" a <oa+ ian +rater, and +ut" :Bboi--adon-Moravo 6:-M7 "y"tem :Bboi brea+ t at e1po"ed depo"it" i" late <oa+ ian 3ormation o( +rater e1+avated material" underneat in ba"in 15I 2m diameter +rater -ayered and (an depo"it" :Bboi di"+ ar,e eroded pre-e1i"tin, depo"it", empla+ed (an".layer" Depo"it" attributed to /ater, i+e, /ind, alluvial.la+u"trine

28

Some "tru+tural de(ormation o( bed" a(ter empla+ement 6(ra+ture" in +rater (loor7 Di"tal alluvial and la+u"trine depo"itional "ettin, Diver"e unit": li, t-toned layered depo"it", dar2 +appin, material, me,a-bre++ia 6ba"ement7 o Me,abre++ia ob"erved in +rater /all", o++ur a" di"tin+t J+la"t"4, "ome "tand in po"itive relie(, lo+ally a""o+iate /it Jvein"4, diver"e, "ome li, ttoned +la"t" An+ient aFueou" "ettin," o Ea9ada "ur(a+e in landin, ellip"e5 in+lude" lo/-relie(, inverted + annel" o * ree member" o( lo/er unit, all bedded /it p yllo"ili+ate "i,nature, +on"i"tent /it lon,-lived la+u"trine or di"tal alluvial depo"ition in <oa+ ian Eed" are at relatively +on"tant elevation and are laterally +ontinuou" O5 to 10 meter relie( over len,t "+ale" o( 2ilometer" 6not +ompletely (lat7 <o trun+ation" in beddin, Alt ou, not totally (lat, +ould be draped or a((e+ted by (ra+ture" to t e "out ea"t 6doe"n4t pre+lude la+u"trine environment7 o -o/er unit" e1po"ed by di"+ ar,e (rom :Bboi Lalle" t at eroded material" Multiple :Bboi brea+ e" erode and bury lo/er unit& 3an depo"it" radiate (rom rim brea+ o :pper unit D bre++iated, ,iant +urrent ripple" 6aFueou" di"+ ar,e7, alluvial.la+u"trine in <oa+ ian, " orter lived, i, -ener,y 3orm" +li((" Getain" +rater", but buried by aeolian ripple" Di"play" oriBontal.in+lined beddin, 0ntrain" blo+2" o( underlyin, depo"it" :pper unit pro1imal bed" trun+ate and lo/ an,le" and ,rade to parallel bed" di"tally and up-"e+tion <o lar,e "+ale aeolian +ro"" bed" $mplie" " ort-lived, "maller "e+ondary la2e p a"e

(? (o you see gravel in the "ega ripples? 6'o n )rant7 !e do "ee meter-"+ale blo+2" in me,aripple" at HiG$S0 "+ale, "u,,e"tin, +oar"e-,rained material /a" in+orporated& (Oded 2here are errors in (E+ that "ay affect hori1ontality of layers$ ,oss 'r/in .otional 2raverses and Science 2argets in ,olden Crater *ar,et": o Alluvial (an" 6+lo"e"t7 D priority 2 o -i, t-toned layered depo"it" 611&5 2m a/ay7 D priority 1

2>

o :Bboi (lood depo"it" 618 2m7 D priority ; o Eedro+2 out+rop 62M 2m7 D priority I Clear +onte1t: o 01amine lit olo,y o( alluvial "and, ,ravel and boulder" o #re-ero"ional and po"t-depo"itional /eat erin, environment o 3luvial tran"port pro+e""e" and environmental impli+ation" o Detailed "edimentary "eFuen+e" and "tru+ture" and relative timin, o( ma9or "trati,rap i+ unit" o Eedro+2 out+rop, impa+t ydrot ermal "ettin, o $mpli+ation" o( above ob"ervation" (or paleoenvironment and abitability *ar,et" +an be put into a re,ional ,eolo,i+ (rame/or2 and are at t e <oa+ ian.He"perian tran"ition Habitability: la+u"trine.playa environment, lo/-ener,y depo"it MS- inve"ti,ation o( li, t-toned layered depo"it" /ould loo2 at: o Compo"ition o( "edimentary depo"it" (re" ly e1po"ed by /ind o Sedimentary "tru+ture" o Habitability

Hue"tion: (? 9lat%lying layers doesn0t necessarily "ean la'e deposits$ 6Go""7 * e layer" are t inly bedded and +ontinuou" and are +on(ined /it in t e +rater (loor& Could be loo2in, at playa-li2e environment / ere you don4t ave a very deep la2e but mi, t ave repeated epi"ode" o( (loodin,& 5e%in Whipp%e 2he ,olden &a:ada4 7 2arget%Rich Landing Site Ea9ada: Apron o( +oale"+in, alluvial (an" o Eat tub rin, o( li, t-toned layered depo"it" o Stron, +onte1t o( ba9ada and li, t-toned layered depo"it" *raver"e: o Sour+e area 6+rater /all7 material" o Conte1t (or li, t-toned layered depo"it" 6depo"itional environment, paleo+limati+ +ondition"7 o Depo"itional pro+e"" Mud(lo/.debri" (lo/ 8t er ma"" (lo/C 3luvial 6,ravel-boulder7 3luvial 6"and-,ranule7 $ntermitten+yC o -ayer" e1po"ed in every (re" +rater and + annel rid,e o Conta+t.tran"ition e1po"ed in +li(("C

;0

Morp olo,y, rai"ed + annel", radiatin, (rom point "our+e area", +oale"+in, nature, +ro"" "e+tional morp olo,y +on"i"tent /it alluvial (an"& Morp olo,y +on"i"tent /it "ome amount o( /ater (or "ome period o( time& 3ull draina,e ba"in" are t e "our+e o( t e (an" #rovide" +onte1t (or li, t-toned layered depo"it", typi+al o( ot er alluvial (an" in latitude belt on Mar"

(? ? 6Selin ! ipple7 01pe+t to ave a "eFuen+e in "trati,rap i+ layer" t at /ill ,ive u" a + an+e to di"+over "edimentary "tru+ture" and addre"" t e nature o( t e material 6mud(lo/", et+7& * ey do appear to be +on(ormable /it "lope o( t e (an& )iven limited e1po"ure, o/ever, it4" ard to determine (rom orbit o/ tabular t ey are& (&ill (ietrich !hy are the fans concentrated on only one side of the crater? 6Alan Ho/ard7 * at4" / ere t e /all" are t e i, e"t and t e mo"t relie( to drive material& *osh Banfie%d 2ES and 2,E+3S for ,olden Crater */o unit" /it +ompo"ition" "imilar to olivine ba"alt" are pre"ent /it in Holden Eul2 o( all "ur(a+e" at all "ite" t u" (ar are ba"alt& $n Holden, mo"tly olivine ba"alt 1 6relatively unaltered7 /it "maller, i"olated o++urren+e" o( olivine ba"alt 2 6enri+ ed in ma(i+" - i, er olivine and pyro1ene7& Sur(a+e i" du"t-(ree ,a%ph Mi%%iken CR3S+ Results for ,olden Crater <oi"e in CG$SM data ma2e" it ard to determine / et er t ere are +lay unit" in t e landin, ellip"e, but +lay" are /ide"pread t rou, out Holden and /e /ould e1pe+t a /ea2 +lay "i,nature ba"ed on "imilar morp olo,i+ unit" el"e/ ere Dire+t relation" ip bet/een +lay" and +on+entration" o( olivine-ri+ unit" on rim5 "ome o( t e +lay" in Holden are detrital 6tran"ported (rom rim7 More ydration in +rater rim t an (loor Clay" t rou, out lo/er unit and upper unit, but "tron,e"t "i,nature in t e lo/er member o( lo/er unit 6Ma,ne"ium-ri+ +lay", "imilar to <ili 3o""ae7 o Spe+tral "i,nature" mo"t +on"i"tent /it iron.ma,ne"ium "me+tite", alt ou, +ould be a mi1ed "me+tite-+ lorite layer o :pper member o( lo/er unit a" poly,onal (ra+turin, and i" +lay-bearin, o Alteration o( olivine and pyro1ene +on"i"tent /it iron.ma,ne"ium "me+tite" o Some o( t e +lay" may ave (ormed in "edimentary environment in older Holden ba"in be(ore +rater (ormed Spe+tral di((eren+e" bet/een +on+entration o( +lay" at (ront o( alluvial (an5 "tron,e"t "i,nature" in middle ,roup" o( layer" ;1

3luvial (eature" in upper unit "u,,e"t i, ener,y (loodin, event a""o+iated /it :Bboi brea+ * i+2 "eFuen+e" o( "trati,rap y t at re+ord i"tory o( alluvial, (luvial and po""ible la+u"trine environment"

2isc(ssion of 0o%den Crater (&ill (ietrich 3s there anything here #esides clays? 6Galp 7 !e are loo2in, (or "ul(ate", evaporate", et+& but aven4t (ound t em yet& * at doe"n4t mean t at t ey aren4t t ere& (? 2he strength of spectral signature see"s 8uite wea') especially co"pared to other sites$ 6Galp Milli2en7 * ere i" not a 1-1 +orrelation bet/een "tren,t o( "i,nature and abundan+e& Ne", t e "tren,t o( t e "pe+tral "i,nature i" /ea2er ere but t at doe"n4t mean t at t ey are "i,ni(i+antly le"" abundant& (*ac' +ustard 7ssu"ing we are evaluating these sites in a consistent way) what would the i"plications #e of a wea'er signature in ter"s of preservation and ha#ita#ility? 3f the a#undance is truly less) what does that "ean? (*ohn Grot1inger &ased on this data) does the spectroscopy co""unity clai" you found clays on +ars? 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 Ne", ab"olutely& * ere are p yllo"ili+ate "i,nature" at t i" "ite& (Golo"#e' Can you clarify the distri#ution of clays in ,olden? 6Galp 7 * e "i,nature i" +on"i"tent /it "me+titie"& $n +ertain "ite", t e "me+tite "i,nature" loo2 di((erent t an ot er "ite"& Some band a"ymmetry mi, t be re"ult o( mi1in,& Holden "me+tite" are di((erent t an / at you "ee in Ma/rt and )ale, / i+ mi, t re(le+t mi1in,& (*ac' +ustard 9ro" a ha#ita#ility standpoint) what are the i"plications for having a roc' with ABC clay co"pared to the li'elihood of preservation in a roc' where you have DC clay? 6Da/n Sumner7 01po"ure to or,ani+ matter, t e depo"itional environment, and t e po"tdia,eneti+ i"tory are predi+tive mea"ure" o( or,ani+ pre"ervation rat er t an t e per+ent o( +lay in a ro+2& 6C7 A ro+2 /it a i, er per+enta,e o( +lay /ill in+rea"e pre"ervation potential by +lo,,in, pore "pa+e and preventin, /ater to per+olate t rou, & 6Galp Milli2en7 * e "tron,e"t +lay "i,nature" are a""o+iated /it t e lo/e"t member in t e lo/er unit& (? ;ou "ight have "i-ed a lot of different roc's in CR3S+ pi-els$ !hen you0re driving +SL) how are you going to find what you0re loo'ing for?

;2

6Galp Milli2en7 * ere4" C emCam, but overall, on a lar,e "+ale, it4" Fuite omo,enou" and you /ould ave a (airly repre"entative vie/ o( t e material" a" a / ole& 6Galp Milli2en7 !e 9u"t don4t 2no/ enou, (rom /ell-+ontrolled lab e1periment" to +orre+t (or abundan+e" o( a+tual ro+2"& (? Can you infer concentration fro" other "eans? 6'&#& Eibrin,7 Huantitative a""e""ment" are available and /e /ill " o/ you o/ to do t at in t e pre"entation by 3ran+io" #oulet& Hi, abundan+e" o++ur / ere t e p yllo"ili+ate" (ormed in "itu& *ran"port de+rea"e" t e p yllo"ili+ate abundan+e"& -a+2 o( diver"ity limit" +ondition" (or abitability and pre+lude" t e po""ibility o( inve"ti,atin, abitability& 6'o n )rant7 * e pre"en+e o( +lay" "upport" eviden+e (or a Fuie"+ent depo"itional environment& 6'o n )rotBin,er7 Habitability model i" a tra+er (or / ere "edimentation +on+entration o++ur"& (? 3f the +SL rover is on a solid) sloped surface) can you sa"ple on a slope? 6C7 * e rover a" problem" on "and rat er t an bedro+2& 6Sen 0d,ett7 0n,ineerin, reFuirement (or t e rover /a" to traver"e up to ;0 de,ree "lope"& 6'o n )rant7 * e "lope" t at Go"" $r/in "ited /ere avera,e "lope" and many o( t e "trati,rap i+ "e+tion i" "tair-"tepped / i+ ,ive" u" more option" (or maneuverin,& (&ill (ietrich ,ow were clays generated? 3s the source of light%toned layered deposits associated with E1#oi #reach? 6'o n )rant7 * e li, t-toned layered depo"it" predate t e brea+ and /ere depo"ited in an en+lo"ed ba"in / ere material /a" derived (rom t e /e"t and "out al+ove" alon, t e +rater /all& * ere are +lay" in t e +rater /all, "ome or all are li2ely detrital& Some o( t e +lay" may repre"ent in "itu /eat erin,& 6Galp Milli2en7 Holden i" part o( mu+ lar,er "y"tem t at a" been in(illed /it +lay bearin, unit", "o t ey mi, t be re+y+led "edimentary ro+2"& 6'o n )rant7 * e li, t-toned depo"it" are overlain by t e upper member t at i" related to t e :Bboi brea+ & (? !here is the polygonally fractured layer? 6'o n )rant7 )oin, (rom la+u"trine, inter-(in,erin, /it alluvial, to playa i"tory& * ere4" no brea+ in t e +rater /all, "o t e /ater i" +omin, (rom ,round/ater or pre+ipitation& 3an" /ere "our+ed (rom t e +rater /all&

;;

(? 2he lac' of phyllosilicate diversity is spea'ing to availa#le energy at this site6 there are no gradients$ 3f we0re spea'ing of che"olithoautotrophs) that would 'noc' this site down$ 6Galp Milli2en7 $n term" o( + emi+al +ompo"ition, Holden i" not t at diver"e& 6C7 * ere i" not +lear eviden+e (or ener,y (lo/ in Holden& Eut you +an ,enerate + emi+al ,radient" in ot er /ay", li2e in a "tandin, /ater body& * i" pro+e"" mi, t not be re(le+ted readily in t e mineralo,y& 6-ivio *ornabene7 !e +annot rule out ydrot ermal produ+t" depo"ited into Holden& # yllo"ili+ate" in t e +rater /all" mi, t be ot-"prin, depo"it" related to t e (ormation o( Holden& Al"o, me,a bre++ia i" e1po"ed on t e "ur(a+e / i+ /ould be ,ood to a""e""& 6Galp Milli2en7 $ /ouldn4t "ay ot "prin,, but maybe ydrot ermal& * e"e +lay" are +omparable to +lay" all around Mar"& * ere are many /ay" to ,et +lay" on bot 0art and Mar"& (? Could you interpret the lower "e"#er to #e a dune deposit and the chaotic "iddle "e"#er to #e an alluvial fan? 6'o n )rant7 <o& * ey appear t at /ay be+au"e o( t e /ay t ey are /eat erin, alon, t i" "lope& $( you tra+e t e middle member around you /ill "ee t at it i" /ell-bedded& 6Galp 7 * e lo/er member appear" to /eat er alon, beddin, plane"& (2i" Par'er 2he strongest selling point for ,olden is the regional geologic conte-t) geology and ti"e stratigraphy$ 2he E1#oi%Ladon%+ovara syste" predates the ,olden i"pact$ 2he source of discharge for E1#oi is .irgal <alles) which dates to Late .oachian/Early ,esperian$ 2he la'e deposits in ,olden are late .oachian6 the hiatus was followed #y catastrophic discharge in the Early ,esperian$ !e potentially have a huge piece of geologic ti"e that ties to the regional geology$ !e need to stress the i"portance of ties to regional geology$ 6'o n )rant7 Nou +an probably tie in t e di"+ ar,e (rom <ir,al Lalle"& (Roger 2here is evidence of a long%lived la'e at this site #ut are there alternative hypothesis for the origin of the light%toned layered deposits? !hy not hydro%volcanic #ase surge tuffs that can #e deposited over vast areas) etc? 6'o n )rant7 * e li, t-toned layer" are topo,rap i+ally +on(ined /it in +rater& <o vol+ani+ +on"tru+t" in area to lin2 vol+ani+" and depo"ition o( t e"e material"& * ere i" a relatively la+2 o( variability a+ro"" t e entire +rater (loor, and t eir di"tribution i" not +on(ined to one lo+ation 6"pan" over 150 2m7& Ebers/a%de Crater )resentations *im ,ice Conte-t) (iversity) ,a#ita#ility and Preservation Potential at E#erswalde <oa+ ian delta (ormed in an en+lo"ed, lon,-lived la+u"trine environment o !ater (lo/ed in and not out o #re"erved delta 10125 2m, volume ;0 2m;

;I

Clo"ed ba"in /it in(lo/in, + annel" and t i+2 "ta+2 o( layered ro+2" Delta" ave "ub-aerial and "ub-aFueou" +omponent" o Gapid burial 6in+rea"e" pre"ervation potential7 o SeFue"ter or,ani+" o -a+u"trine "ediment" are lo/ ener,y aFueou" depo"it" $ndi+ate" "u"tained ponded /ater environment, ideal (or abitability and pre"ervation o( bio,eni+ material" ba"ed on terre"trial e1perien+e Di"tributary, multi-lobate (an Meander", di"tributive be avior indi+ate /ater (lo/ M "ta,e" (or 0ber"/alde 6propo"ed7 o + annel "inuo"ity ran,e" (rom 1&17 to 1&77 6up to 2&8 in "ome rea+ e"7 o mo"t + annel" under 200 meter" /ide o lea( " aped lobe" "u,,e"t more a,,radational pro+e"" o ton,ue " aped lobe" "u,,e"t pro,radational pro+e"" Cro""-+uttin, di"tributary relation" ip" indi+ative o( per"i"tent (lo/ -andin, ellip"e in propo"ed la2e (loor 6a++e"" to la+u"trine "ediment"7 Diver"e lit olo,ie"

*(ergen Schieber 2he (epositional Setting at E#erswalde Crater !ell-2no/n re,ional +onte1t and ori,in o( material o #re"erved "our+e-to-"in2 +ontinuity Delta developed bet/een 150,000 year" to "everal million year" Crater i" older t an Holden and i" partial (illed by Holden e9e+ta Diver"ity: me,abre++ia, layer", delta, + annel" Habitability D /ater environment, numerou", e1ten"ive, and t i+2 layer" #re"ervation D la+u"trine ba"in, limited +ir+ulation, p yllo"ili+ate-ri+ , e1po"ed by aeolian ero"ion allo/in, a++e"" to unaltered material o Depo"ited by "tandin, /ater o Depo"ition o( di"tal (ine" o 01ten"ive and diver"e p yllo"ili+ate" *ar,et": o $nverted "inuou" + annel" and depo"itional lobe" o -i, t toned ro+2" /it p yllo"ili+ate" o 01 umed multi-t read + annel" 6(luvial, on ill-"lope7 o 0"+arpment" o( la+u"trine depo"it" o 01 umed (rom la+u"trine blan2et depo"it" 6delta bottom"et7 o Me"a" o( (lat-lyin, depo"it" o Me,abre++ia Debate a" to / et er it +an be interpreted a" Holden e9e+ta <ear +entral upli(t Eottom o( delta 69u"t /e"t o( landin, ellip"e7 a" "tron,e"t +lay "i,nature"

;5

0llip"e a" numerou" (luvial (eature" 6ana"tomo"in,, "inuou", bran+ in, + annel"7 Clay mineral" /ide"pread A++e"" to deeper +ru"tal lit olo,ie" 6me,abre++ia7 Already /ell "tudied "o no/ addre""in, ne1t ,eneration o( Fue"tion"

Hue"tion": (Steve Ruff (o we 'now anything a#out the height of the water in the sin'? 5e-in Le/is Geo"orphic 7spects of E#erswalde (elta and Potential +SL 2raverse Clear ,eolo,i+ +onte1t and "et o( "+ienti(i+ Fue"tion" ! ile delta i" to t e /e"t, ot er (luvial depo"it" are in t e ellip"e C annel" are topo,rap i+ i, " and +an be tra+ed a+ro"" delta "ur(a+e Multiple lobe" indi+ate "everal "ta,e" o( +on"tru+tion o Ea"e level drop" bet/een lobe" o <8* +on"i"tent /it alluvial (an" Strata e1po"ed in meander bend dip out/ard, a" e1pe+ted (or a point bar depo"it 6not "imply ero"ional7 Deltai+ ,eometry: o Do/nlap relation" ip ob"erved on nort ern mar,in o Con"i"tent /it deltai+ (ore"et" pro,radin, over bottom"et.la+u"trine bed" )eolo,i+ +onta+t": o *run+ated layer" o <on-planar +onta+t" /it underlyin, material o 0very lo+ation /ould e1po"e "li, tly di((erent "trati,rap y Morp olo,i+ diver"ity: o Main delta 6"everal (a+ie"7 o $"olated + annel" in ellip"e o -i, t-toned material on +rater (loor o Ea"ement material *raver"ability: o )enerally lo/ "lope" alon, delta (ront at 2 meter "+ale Can predi+t / ere (ine" and or,ani+" " ould be in delta Morp olo,i+ ar,ument" (or deltai+ v"& alluvial ori,in u"in, HiG$S0 di,ital elevation model" )ood Fualitie" (or a landin, "ite: o Diver"e "edimentary ro+2" o -on,-lived body o( /ater o -it i(i+ation o 3ine ,rained material o Minimal o1idation.a+idi+ alteration 6e1po"ed p yllo"ili+ate"7 o -ittle "ub"eFuent di"turban+e ;M

o Ge+ently e1po"ed o !ell under"tood ba"i+ ,eolo,y Hue"tion": (? !hat is the co"position of the coarse grained "aterial? 6Sevin -e/i"7 Galp Milli2en /ill di"+u"" +ompo"ition& *eff Moore (epositional Setting and Sedi"entary +aterials at the E#erswalde Crater Site 3luvial environment in re,ion durin, <oa+ ian.He"perian tran"ition o Su,,e"t boulder depo"it" are li2ely primary depo"itional (eature" (or + annel" o #o""ible ori,in" o( boulder": Coar"e end o( ,rain "iBe di"tribution Some boulder" +learly relea"ed (rom /eat erin, o( +on"olidated layer" in deltai+ depo"it )enerally "our+e bed" o Eoulder" on delta "ur(a+e are di((erent t an boulder" (rom /eat erin, 8++ur a" "trin,er" and len"e" a""o+iated /it "inuou" + annel" C annel" o( delta are 50 to 100 meter" /ide 0"timate" (rom + annel dimen"ion" 6/idt , meander /avelen,t 7 "u,,e"t di"+ ar,e rate 2>M-580 m;." (or bimodal5 unimodal di"tribution yield" di"+ ar,e rate o( M1,820 m;." o Can "u+ di"+ ar,e" +arry boulder" a+ro"" "u+ a lo/ ,radientC probably Di"+u""ion o( #arana Ea"in di"+ ar,e Multi-de+ade delu,e ero"ion: o $( rained li2e mad (or 1,000 year", don4t ,et ,eomorp olo,y e1pe+ted o $( only rained on+e every t/o /ee2" or "o but (or mu+ lon,er, ,et pattern" /e "ee no/ implie" lon, lived /et environment 6but not +ata"trop i+7 )lobal Lie/: -and(orm evolution model o( Mar" " o/" t at <oa+ ian-He"perian a,ed, late-"ta,e valley net/or2 (ormation reFuire numerou" repeated moderate (lood event" rat er t an one or a (e/ +ontinuou", multi-year, delu,e-"tyle (lo/" *osh Banfie%d *0S and *H0M$S per"pe+tive Cla""i+ dar2 re,ion, ba"alti+ "oil, unremar2able #la,io+la"e, pyro1ene, i, "ili+a p a"e" and a bit o( olivine Similar to *0S "ur(a+e type 1 ,a%ph Mi%%iken CR3S+ Results for E#erswalde Crater

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Clay" in landin, ellip"e, "out o( ellip"e 6alt ou, not +onti,uou" /it delta7 and in t e delta o 0d,e" o( delta " o/ iron-ri+ +lay", in+rea"e" in pyro1ene * ree unit" in 0ber"/alde: +lay-bearin, unit /it pyro1ene, pyro1ene unit /it +lay", 3e-ri+ +lay unit 6po""ibly e9e+ta (rom Holden, indi+ative o( redu+in, +ondition"7 D very iron-ri+ , not ma,ne"ium-ri+ o <ontronite 63e-ri+ 7 implie" redu+in, +ondition" Moderate pH and redu+in, +ondition" are pre(erable (or abitability and pre"ervation o( or,ani+" Mineralo,y and ,eomorp olo,y are very +on"i"tent All unit" e1 ibit (ra+turin, to "ome de,ree o Clay-ri+ unit" are more variable in t eir de,ree o( (ra+turin, CG$SM re"ult" mo"t +on"i"ten /it 3e "me+tite", but + lorite may al"o be pre"ent Mineralo,y i" +on"i"tent /it t e morp olo,y5 deltai+ environment" /it +lay" are e1+ellent pla+e" to a""e"" abitability

2isc(ssion of Ebers/a%de Crater (? ,ow "uch are we supposed to weigh a target outside of the ellipse? 6'o n )rant7 Nou ave to individually /ei, tar,et" out"ide t e ellip"e in your o/n mind and determine / at t e relative ri"2 and "+ien+e potential i"& ((avid (es +arais !hat is the source region for the delta? 6Galp Milli2en7 * ere are (an depo"it" in "our+e re,ion /it CG$SM data i" very noi"y in t at area, limitin, our interpretation& li, t-toned material&

(*ohn Grot1inger *osh &anfield said that 2,E+3S calls it =unaltered$> 3s there a chance that the clays in E#erswalde for"ed in situ? 6Galp Milli2en7 * e re,ion i" +overed /it a veneer o( dar2 material& At a i, er "patial "+ale, you "tart to "ee in(ormation in t e delta& * e "pe+tral "i,nature" o( t e delta unit" are "imilar to Holden material"& Clay material o( / at mi, t be t e Holden e9e+ta a" a uniFue "pe+tral "i,nature and may ave (ormed in "itu, but t ere i" no /ay to prove t at (rom orbit& (*ac' +ustard &otto"%set #eds are spectrally wea') te-turally they doesn0t see" different than other places on +ars$ (oes a wea' signature translate to a "odest a#undance? Can you use 2,E+3S to assess dust? 6Galp Milli2en7 $( t ey are inta+t mud"tone" or " ale", all you4re ,oin, to "ee i" a (lat line in t e CG$SM "pe+tra5 t e +lay mineral" are not ,oin, to be vi"ible& $t4" po""ible t at t e abundan+e" are lo/ or t at "ome o( t e layer" in t e "eFuen+e ave +lay" and are diluted at t e pi1el "+ale o( CG$SM& $ believe du"t i" i, er in t e delta (ront& (&ethany Ehl"ann 9e%rich clays are not so uni8ueFsee .ili and +awrth 6Galp Milli2en7 $( you plot "pe+tra o( "me+tite", t ere are di((eren+e" in band po"ition& $n )ale and 0ber"/alde and in "ome +a"e" in Ma/rt , t ey are " i(ted to/ard t e " orter

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band /avelen,t "& 8t er" are " i(ted to/ard t e Ma,ne"ium-ri+ "ide& $t4" not uniFue to Holden, but t ere i" variability in t e band po"ition"& (+i'e Carr 3s there any evidence for evaporitic "inerals in ,olden or E#erswalde? 6Galp Milli2en7 !e ave loo2ed (or +arbonate", ydrated "alt", et+&, but ave not dete+ted t em in t e"e area"& $( ta2e" lot" o( "ili+a to (orm "me+tite" and you /ould e1pe+t a u,e e1+e"" o( +ation" t at /ould ave to ,o "ome/ ere, "o you /ould e1pe+t "alt" or "omet in, el"e t ere& * i" i" a "+enario t at you /ould e1pe+t at t e"e "ite" and every/ ere& (? 2he sedi"ent to water ratio would indicate @DB%?BBB cu#ic '"$ 2he duration of the la'e is li"ited #y the ti"e it ta'es to evaporate that a"ount of water (?%A '" of lost water $ 3t would #e interesting to calculate how long it would ta'e to get rid of that a"ount of water$ 6'e(( Moore7 $t /ould be more +ompli+ated i( t e la2e /ere i+e-+overed& (? 3n cases where you "ight have a car#onate%type roc') would you e-pect differences in spectral signatures? 6Galp Milli2en7 !e don4t 2no/ / et er "ul(ate" are o++urrin, a" ,yp"um or a" pore(illin, +ement& $t depend" on poro"ity o( material and CG$SM +an4t dete+t FuartB& 6'uer,en7 Nou don4t ave to ave evaporate" in a la2e alon, /it +lay"5 t e /ater mi, t be "ome/ ere el"e /it t e "olute"& 6'e(( Moore7 $( t e delta i" entirely +ompo"ed o( (ine-,rained material, t en it4" eFually "u"+eptible to ero"ion& (*$ P$ &i#ring 9or phyllosilicates to for" in situ) you need water) "afic "aterial and an energy source$ !ithout an energy source you won0t "a'e clays$ !hat is the energy source to war" the water? 6Galp Milli2en7 <ot "ure $ under"tand your Fue"tionV (? !hat are the depths of the la'e? 6Sevin -e/i"7 About 100 m, but + annel" mi, t o++ur at varyin, elevation"& Delta didn4t "tay at t e "ame level& 6'e(( Moore7 And i( t e la2e /ere i+e-+overed, you /ould e1pe+t pla"ti+ de(ormation& 68ded7 !e t in2 /e +an identi(y ba"e level + an,e"& ! at "et" 0ber"/alde apart (rom ot er landin, "ite" i" a very "pe+i(i+ "eFuen+e& * ere(ore t e terre"trial model +an be u"ed to elp u" (ind "pe+i(i+ type" o( material and / ere /e +an e1pe+t to (ind or,ani+ material& * e model" o( deltai+ depo"ition are /ell-de(ined& (Steve Ruff !ould we go to a place where we found a la'e #ed #ut it0s #een re"oved? 2he delta is a positive% relief feature) how "uch "aterial has #een re"oved? 2here0s no s"o'ing phyllosilicate signature? 68ded7 * e bed ar+ ite+ture i" dia,no"ti+ o( deltai+ depo"it", / i+ /a"n4t t e +a"e (or )u"ev&

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(? Can you co""ent on the o-idation of the organic "atter and the state of preservation? (Eileen 7re clays a re8uired part of the argu"ent for ha#ita#ility and preservation? 6-inda Sa 7 3ine-,rained "ediment trap or,ani+ matter more e((i+iently t an +oar"e,rained "ediment& Gapid burial /ould al"o aid in t e pre"ervation o( or,ani+ matter& Ee+au"e t i" i" an intri,uin, "ite, many "tudie" ave already been done& 6Eet any 0 lmann7 * e abundan+e o( +lay" is important in t e pre"ervation o( or,ani+ matter& 6'o n )rotBin,er7 ! at doe" abundan+e mean and / at doe" +lay diver"ity mean"C Abundan+e i" not +riti+al (or a la+u"trine model, but /e u"e it a" a bea+on ba"ed on terre"trial e1perien+e& Clay" are a pro1y (or t e "ettlin, velo+ity o( (ine-,rained material, and t at4" po""ibly / ere t e or,ani+" /ould be5 loo2 / ere t e (ine" are, not t e "and"tone" or bre++ia& $( you land in t i" area, you +an Fui+2ly a""e"" / ere t e (ine,rained material " ould be ba"ed on t e (amiliar "tru+ture o( a delta depo"it& 6Da/n Sumner7 Geturnin, to t e i""ue o( ener,y "our+e"VMa(i+ mineral" plu" /ater are 9u"t a" a+tive, alt ou, temperature i" lo/er, but t ey are "till driven t e "ame /ay and li(e +an ta2e advanta,e o( t ermodynami+ ,radient"& C emi+al ,radient" are "teepe"t at t e "ur(a+e be+au"e you ave di((erent pro+e""e"& * e "ur(a+e o( t e la2e mi, t "erve a" layer o( prote+tion& Ma/rth 6a%%is )resentations *#7)# Bibring 2he +awrth <allis Landing Sites Ge+ommend landin, ellip"e 2 and I $( Mar" /a" abitable, it /a" / en p yllo"ili+ate" (ormed o 8nly appened durin, part o( <oa+ ian o Eombardment era"ed eviden+e o( mo"t o( previou" aFueou" alteration Mu"t a""e"" t e be"t pre"erved "ite /it re"pe+t to t i" "eFuential evolution 6in pla+e alteration7 :niFuene"" o( Ma/rt Lalli": o $t4" e1ten"ion o Compo"itional diver"ity 63e.M, to Al-ri+ p yllo"ili+ate"7 +oupled /it +lear "trati(i+ation" 6pre"erve" aFueou" era and +an "tudy environmental +ondition" and +limate7 o # yllo"ili+ate abundan+e 6above 50?7 Diver"ity: p yllo"ili+ate-ri+ "i,nature" 6 i, abundan+e"7 +orrelate" to /ellunder"tood ,eomorp i+ "trati,rap y MS- +an addre"" diver"ity and "ear+ (or pre"erved abitability (ootprint" /it it" +urrent payload

I0

Francios )o(%et +ineralogy "odel of phyllosilicate%rich deposits -aboratory e1periment" u"in, varyin, mineral a""embla,e" to model "pe+tra ob"erved (rom 8M0)A "pe+tra in Ma/rt Lalli" o 3or Ma/rt 2, model (it" /it a mi1 o( nontronite, (erri ydrite, pla,io+la"e and du"t o Hydrated mineral" 6$ron and Aluminum p yllo"ili+ate" plu" iron ydro1ide7 = M0? by volume o An ydrou" +omponent 6pla,io+la"e7 U25? o Some pyro1ene Modal mineralo,y o( depo"it" indi+ate" a lar,er and.or di((erin, de,ree o( alteration P p yllo"ili+ate"-ri+ layer" depo"ited above a le"" altered "ur(a+e o An ydrou" mineral" ma2e up mo"t o( t e per+enta,e *osh Banfie%d 2,E+3S *H0M$S ob"erve" (ull ran,e o( type 1 and type 2 "ur(a+e" a" /ell a" t e +onta+t" bet/een t em Can "ee +onta+t" o( "ur(a+e type 1 and 2 -ot o( type 2 Ste-e ,(ff 2ES 0llip"e" 2 and ; relatively i, albedo o++urren+e" 6above 0&27 o :"ually over 0&2 mean" du"t +overed, yet not ere o <ot du"t, but al"o not (ine parti+ulate "ediment" o( any 2ind *0S type 2 material i" probably a (ine "ili+ate ,la"" *oe Micha%ski Sili+a, (eld"par and.or "mall abundan+e" o( Beolite" Sili+a p a"e" are ne+e""ary to model li, t toned data 6p yllo"ili+ate" and ba"alt" are not reFuired7 *e1ture a((e+t" re"ult o 8M0)A-*0S di"+onne+t: ,rain "iBe "ur(a+e te1ture" N# Mango%d Geologic Conte-t I "ub unit" 6total 200 m t i+2ne""7, +on(ormable /it pre-e1i"tin, topo,rap y Ge,ional "trati,rap y: o 3ir"t +onta+t: top-lyin, mantlin, 6HC# ri+ mantle7 o Ea"al +onta+t: a" (illed +rater" o */o un+on(ormitie" o $nternal layerin,

I1

o Minimum I "ub-unit" 50 to 100 meter" ea+ 6total 200 m t i+2ne""7, +on(ormable /it pre-e1i"tin, topo,rap y *# Bishop N# Mc5eo/n and M# )arente 5aolinite (eposits) 78ueous che"istry) and ,a#ita#ility at +awrth % CR3S+ Diver"ity o( p yllo"ili+ate" 6nontronite, montmorilinite, 2aolinite7 in layered "trati,rap y Saolinite implie" "table /ater at or near t e "ur(a+e, "li, tly a+idi+ environment and moderate pH, / i+ are abitable 01pan"ive body o( /ater Gedo1 + emi"try Advan+ed alteration at top o( p yllo"ili+ate" pro(ile o Hydrated "ili+a o Saolinite # yllo"ili+ate" provide "ur(a+e" (or bindin,.trappin, or,ani+" Sili+a enable" pre"ervation o( (o""il" 0viden+e (or undred" o( 2m o( p yllo"ili+ate" implie" /ide"pread aFueou" event 3e.M, "me+tite", 3e2P material, ydrated "ili+a, montmorillonite, 2aolinite 3errou" "lope ob"erved at tran"ition (rom nontronite to Al-+lay. ydrated "ili+a layer" o -i2ely to be mi+a 6+ould al"o be +arbonate, "ul(ate, olivine7 o $mplie" aFueou" a+tivity MS- more li2ely to (ind variou" p a"e" o( 3e t an CG$SM *ames Wray Co"positional Stratigraphy and Evidence for a (rape deposit Ma/rt a" diver"e mineralo,y and ,eomorp olo,y 3o+u" on poly,on", +ompo"itional layerin,, (ra+ture (luid (lo/, po""ible (olded layer", (illed +rater" Abundant poly,on" in 0llip"e 2 o Lariation" in "iBe and "+ale over even "mall area o Ho/ did t e poly,on" (ormC De""i+ationC Mineral de ydrationC !eat erin,C #eri,la+ial at i, obliFuityC o Ho/ re+ent.old are t eyC o Could mea"ure +ompo"ition, dept , layer t i+2ne"", et+& /it MSo $ron.Ma,ne"ium +lay" ave Jle""-ordered4 (ra+ture pattern" t an Al-+lay" Aluminum-bearin, unit 6poly,on"7 i" di((erent morp olo,i+ally t an $ron-bearin, unit 6rubbly7 Halo bounded (ra+ture" o 3luid (lo/in, t rou, (ra+ture li2ely + an,ed material", eit er + emi+ally or p y"i+ally #o""ible (old" in nontronite-bearin, layer" o Con"i"tent /it 6but not dia,no"ti+ o(7 "o(t "ediment de(ormation

I2

3illed +rater" in nontronite-bearin, unit o Hua"i-+ir+ular +olor.albedo (eature" o( varied "iBe o :niFue to nontronite-bearin, material" Compo"itional layerin,: o Al to 3e.M,-+lay tran"ition e1po"ed in /all o( +rater near +enter o( 0llip"e 2 o Some e1po"ure" o( bot +lay" in ellip"e I 6even t ou, it4" a @,o-toA "ite7 e1po"ed in +rater /all and e9e+ta Al-+lay" al/ay" overly 3e.M, +lay unit o $" Al-unit pyro+la"ti+."edimentary depo"it draped over Ma/rt Lalli" t at /a" "ub"eFuently altered in pla+eC 8r did t e alteration o++ur el"e/ ereC o * i" rule" out depo"ition into a +lo"ed ba"in or t at t e unit i" C ry"e impa+t e9e+ta 3e.M, unit +annot be "imilarly +on"trained be+au"e +an4t "ee bottom o( t at unit 6+an4t "ee t e unaltered "tu((7

E%dar Noe 2obrea 2he +awrth <allis Phyllosilicates !ithin a Regional Conte-t * e ,eomorp olo,y, mineralo,y and "trati,rap y at Ma/rt Lalli" are +ommon and +on"i"tent on a re,ional "+ale Multiple (ormation pro+e""e" t at are te"table by MS- but eviden+e "u,,e"t" prolon,ed /ater alteration Hydrated mineral" are identi(ied every/ ere t at "ur(a+e unit a" been eroded to deeper layer" o Mineralo,i+ "trati,rap y i" "ame t rou, out re,ion implyin, a re,ional pro+e"" # yllo"ili+ate" are (inely layered, /ea2, ave un2no/n t i+2ne"" o $" it depo"ition in a la+u"trine "y"temC Dia,ene"i"C 2isc(ssion of Ma/rth 6a%%is (*ohn Grot1inger !hat argu"ent can you "a'e that the entire section was not transported there? 60ldar <oe Dobrea7 Nou need a lar,e ba"in and t ere i" no eviden+e (or t at& * e ot er option i" t at you ave aeolian pro+e""e" t at brou, t material t ere and alteration o++ur" in "itu& * ere i" no (luvial eviden+e& (*ohn Grant 3f you have "aterial occurring as a drape deposit over large (thousands of 'ilo"eters spatial scales and there isn0t any evidence for a confining #asin) isn0t an airfall deposit a reasona#le origin? 6<& Man,old7 * e depo"it +ould be a" (all or aeolian in ori,in& * ere i" varyin, + emi+al +ompo"ition a""o+iated /it layer"&

I;

6'oe Mi+ al"2i7 8ne ,eomorp i+ ar,ument i" t at /e ave a diver"e and t i+2 "eFuen+e o( ro+2"& Eeddin, i" e1pre""ed be+au"e o( ero"ional and lit olo,i+ di((eren+e"& Some o( t em ave to be "and"tone" or aeolian ro+2" o( "ome "ort& 6'& Ei" op7 $t +ould ma2e "en"e t at t e nontronite layer /a" (ollo/ed by an aFueou" event t at altered t e material in "itu& (Ralph +illi'en !hat is uni8ue a#out the spectra that "a'es you thin' it is ferrous "ica? 6'& Ei" op7 Mo"t li2ely a (errou" mi+a but +ould be ot er t in,"& (Ralph +illi'en 2here are no clear a#sorptions that were indicative of ferrous "ica? 6'& Ei" op7 * at4" +orre+t& (*ohn Grant 3n the a#sence of a confined #asin at that scale of stratigraphy) are you left with airfall as the "ost via#le origin? 6*im #ar2er7 * e nort ern plain" is a ba"in& 60ldar <oe Dobrea7 ! at appear" to be a drapin, unit o( aluminum p yllo"ili+ate" over iron p yllo"ili+ate" may not be a drapin, unit, it mi, t be a (ront t at lea+ ed material (rom t e top do/n, alteration (rom "ome "our+e& * e point i" t at it mi, t not be a morp olo,i+ally drapin, layer& !e don4t 2no/ t e ori,in o( t e layered depo"it"& An air(all depo"it i" viable& ! at4" important i" t at t ey /ere turned into iron "me+tite"& (*ohn Grot1inger (o we really lose if these deposits turn out to #e transported and re"oved fro" their source area? Once you go into layered stuff) it could #e a volcanic layer altered in place) #ut it could #e a lot of other things$ 7t this point) your sites have layered terrain with phyllosilicates$ ,ow can you 'now with certainty that these layers were not transported? 6<& M+Seo/n7 $t i" po""ible t at t e material /a" tran"ported t ere& * en /e +ould be loo2in, at an o+eani+ ba"in& 6'& #& Eibrin,7 !e ave no idea / at appened on early Mar", but Ma/rt i" t e be"t pla+e to loo2 (or li(e& * ere(ore /e4re (or+ed to ,o to a pla+e t at /e don4t under"tand to an"/er t e"e Fue"tion"& * e pro+e""e" by / i+ you add t e material and o/ you +ement it doe"n4t ma2e a di((eren+e& (,orton 3n landing ellipse @) we have seen a lot of different 'inds of "aterials) including phyllosilicates and crater%fill that is different fro" the stratigraphy$ Can you restate what is inside and outside of landing ellipse @? 6<& Man,old7 Nou ave a++e"" to t/o type" o( material" in landin, ellip"e 2: aluminumri+ and iron-ri+ layer"& 6'ame" !rey7 $n landin, ellip"e 2, t ere are ,ood e1po"ure" o( t e t/o main unit" D t e aluminum and t e iron-bearin, unit, a" /ell a" t e +onta+t bet/een t em& Nou al"o ave a++e"" to t e (ra+ture" /it alo" and poly,onal te1ture" /it in landin, ellip"e&

II

(Linda 5ah ,ow is a story going to co"e out of this? 2here is a widespread occurrence of clays covered #y alu"inu"%rich clays and this pattern e-ists over a #road region$ 2he units are finely layered$ 2here are "orphological features such as folds) although 3 don0t agree that they are truly folds) an array of possi#le origins for the "aterial including i"pact) sedi"entary (and within sedi"entary you have aeolian) lacustrine or fluvial ) a variety of hypotheses for the origin of the "ineralogy alteration including lacustrine environ"ent) diagenetic phase) circulation #eneath of a volcanic cap$ ,ow can +SL possi#ly distinguish #etween any of these and deter"ine what is going on at this site?? 6'oe Mi+ al"2i7 !e ave an i""ue o( "+ale but /e ave many te"table ypot e"e"& $t i" +ompli+ated but MS- +an te"t t e"e ypot e"e" by drivin, up to t e out+rop and e1aminin, t e mineralo,y and beddin, "tru+ture"& (? ,ow thic' is this pac'age of stratigraphy? 6<& Man,old7 About 150-200 m t i+2& 6'& #& Eibrin,7 !e don4t 2no/ / at appened, t at4" / y /e ave to ,o t ere to under"tand& 6Erad7 :n+ertainty in t e interpretation doe"n4t eFual diver"ity& 6'ame" !rey7 8ne o( t e main t in," t at /ould be u"e(ul to loo2 at /ould be ,rain "iBe and "tru+ture t at /ould elp di"+ern t e mode o( depo"ition& !it MS-, /e /ould be able to "ee all t e"e t in," more de(initely t an /it orbital modelin, and HiG$S0 ima,e"& * e Ma/rt Lalle" pre"enter" ave been +on"ervative about mode o( depo"ition be+au"e t ere are many ypot e"e" and interpretation" t at +ould (it /it t e data& !e "tron,ly believe t e"e ypot e"e" are te"table /it MS- payload& 6Go"" $r/in7 * ere are layered depo"it" over a /ide ran,e in topo,rap y and aerial e1tent, and t i" unit doe" ave a re,ional +onte1t& Arabia *erry air(all i" a viable ori,in and i( t at i" a (ir"t order ypot e"i", /e ave to very +are(ul& 6<i+2 *o"+a7 !or2in, under t e a""umption t at li(e ad di((i+ulty "tartin, /e need to "tart /it ,ood +ondition"& * ere i" (a"+inatin, mineral diver"ity at t i" "ite but /ant to believe t at t e +lay ere (ormed in "itu& 6'& #& Eibrin,7 * e mineralo,y ere tell" you about abitability and /ater "tability at t e "ur(a+e& $t i" 2ey (or u" to under"tand t i" mineralo,y and / et er it (ormed in situ i" not important& $t may ave (ormed too late in t e pro+e"" / en t e atmo"p ere a" already + an,ed& 0it er /ay you +an learn "omet in, about t e environment& 6Ei" op7 !e are "eein, many p a"e" in t e "eFuen+e, not 9u"t aluminum and iron p a"e" - it i" mu+ more +ompli+ated t an t at& $t a" to ave been altered in pla+e to e1plain / at /e "ee in t e CG$SM data& $t4" li2ely t at multiple unit" t at ave been mi1ed, probably + emi+ally& !e +an4t tell t e / ole "tory t rou, pedo,eni+ pro+e""e" alone&

I5

(7lan ,oward Landing site @ is the only place where we can analy1e the stratigraphy$ 2he other sites are very far fro" the valley$ 3f this is pri"arily a weathering layer pheno"enon) will that preserve #iological "aterial? (? 2here is li"ited "eta#olis" (delta g $ !hat "eta#olic processes would weathering processes support? 3 can0t see "any of the"$ 6(avid (es +arais7 *o /eat er ro+2", you redo1 and relea"e ener,y& !eat erin, pro+e"" +ould "upport biota, but t i" pro+e"" doe" not ave a" ,reat o( potential a" ot er me+ ani"m"& (*ohn Grant 3f this is a leaching process) one of the first things to go is the organics$ 3s that right? 6C7 $( you ave /eat erin, rea+tion", or,ani"m" +an tap and utiliBe t at ener,y& * at4" not to "ay t at a+tually appened, but ,eo+ emi+al rea+tion" tend to "upport metaboli+ rea+tion"& $n a pedo,eni+ pro+e"", you tend to ,et or,ani+" on t e "ur(a+e layer but in t e lon, run, very (e/ or,ani+" are pre"erved in t e ro+2", / i+ a" to do /it t e early and late pedo,ene"i"& * at in+lude" all "oil"& Maybe t ere are ot er + emi+al /ay" o( ob"ervin, t at& 6<& M+Seo/n7 !e +learly "ee layer", "o it i" li2ely not inten"e pedo,ene"i" be+au"e /e ave parent-ro+2 "tru+ture"& 6Da/n Sumner7 !e +an loo2 at iron redo1 "tate to indi+ate / et er it i" li2ely to ,et or,ani+" ob"erved& 6C7 And /e do "ee t at (errou" layer& 6-i"a #ratt7 #edo,eni+ pro+e""e" are driven by or,ani+ matter derived (rom above, re"ultin, (rom p oto"ynt e"i"& $( /e ave li(e on Mar" o++urrin, in t e "ub"ur(a+e, t en /e +an ima,ine a di((erent 2ind o( @"oil,A a bioti+ /eat erin, (ront, t at move" do/n/ard in "ear+ o( ma(i+ +on"tituent" a" an ener,y "our+e, t en /e mi, t loo2 (or pro(ile t at /ould be up"ide do/n, and t e /eat erin, mi, t do intere"tin, t in," i( t e or,ani+ pro+e""e" /ere lea+ in, up/ard rat er t an do/n/ard& !e ave to t in2 on our ead" D maybe t e optimiBation ere /a" to "tay a/ay (rom t e "ur(a+e and /or2 do/n/ard& 6<& M+Seo/n7 * e (a+t t at Ma/rt Lalle" i" typi+al o( a lar,e area /ill provide +onte1t (or a lar,e re,ion on t e planet& $( /e land at one pla+e on Ma/rt Lalle", /e mi, t be able to "ay "omet in, about t at entire re,ion& 6C7 * ere are lot" o( di((erent ypot e"i" at t i" "ite, and $ t in2 t at4" a u,e bene(it& !e ave a /ide ran,e o( po""ibilitie" t at don4t (o+u" on pre+on+eived notion" about / at /e4ll (ind& 63& #oulet7 $n Ma/rt Lalle", t ere i" a u,e amount o( diver"e +lay" t at /e don4t "ee in ot er pla+e" on Mar"&

IM

6'o n )rotBin,er7 $t doe"n4t matter to me / et er t ey /ere tran"ported or not, it4" intere"tin, eit er /ay& 6'& #& Eibrin,7 Ma/rt provide" a++e"" to t e +ru"t and above and /e +an (ollo/ t e evolution o( Mar"& (5elin !hipple 30" confused a#out the constraint on the age$ ;ou 'eep stressing early +arsFif these units) where o#served) are confor"a#le to the "odern topography that i"plies huge levels of stripping$ !hy are these units not considered younger? 6Eibrin,7 * at i" too di((i+ult to e1plain ri, t no/ but $ /ill e1plain it to you later i( you /ant& * e p yllo"ili+ate" (ormed early in t e i"tory o( Mar" and t e "ul(ate" (ormed "ub"eFuently&

Wednesday September !8th +a%e Crater )resentations 2a/n S(mner <otional traver"e" pre"ented 5 2m t i+2 layered mound in +enter o( +rater, ero"ional un+on(ormity #rovide a type "e+tion (or early Mar" Diver"e mineral "i,nature" t at +orrelate to beddin, and are ea"ily a++e""ible o $ron o Sul(ate" in upper "trati,rap y o Clay" in lo/er "trati,rap y :niFue lo+ation to te"t Fue"tion" about "ediment 6ori,in o( (ill, +ompo"ition, mode o( depo"ition, depo"itional environment", timin,7, mineralo,y and role o( /ater #ro+e""e" "tudied in )ale appli+able to Mar" on ,lobal "+ale 3luvial "ediment" pre"ent, but un+ertain about +rater la2e Hue"tion": (,orton .ewso" 3s there any spectroscopic evidence for hydrother"al activity? (o you have any i"ages of the clasts? 6Da/n Sumner7 Galp Milli2en /ill " o/ CG$SM data and t ere are ima,e" o( +la"t" in "upplemental "lide"& (2i" Par'er 2he locali1ed unconfor"ity doesn0t appear to go entire way around the layered "ound$ 2he layered stac' has craters in it where the =plastered on> unit does not appear to have craters$

I7

6Sen 0d,ett7 * ere4" a lot more to t i" mound and it" "tory t at /e +an pre"ent in ;0 minute"& !e (o+u"ed on t e /or2 t at MS- +an do in t e (ir"t +ouple Mar" year"& (Livio 2orna#ene Of all the sites) Gale has a considera#le a"ount of dust$ Can the instru"ents on +SL deal with that? 6Da/n Sumner7 * e du"t inde1 i" lo/er on t e bottom part o( t e mound& * e rea"on to ,o to )ale i" t e +ombined "trati,rap y and "pe+tral "i,nature"& * ere i" "o mu+ to do at t e bottom o( t e "ta+2 / ere it4" relatively du"t-(ree +ompared to t e top5 it /ill be a mira+le i( /e ma2e it to t e top o( t e "ta+2T *osh Banfie%d *0S and *H0M$S Sur(a+e type 1 and du"t *op o( mound +overed /it du"t5 "ome du"t in landin, ellip"e Hue"tion": (*i" Rice (id you do any at"ospheric correction for the low elevation of the ellipse? 6'o" Ean(ield7 !e +on+entrated on 9u"t t e (loor out"ide o( t e mound& ,a%ph Mi%%iken CR3S+ view in Gale Mineral Diver"ity: iron-ri+ "me+tite", 3e.M, "me+tite", aluminum in o+ta edral "ite" o( "me+tite", potential mi1ture" o( aluminum and iron "me+tite", mono and poly ydrated "ul(ate" 6mo"t li2ely ma,ne"ium7, mi1ture" o( "me+tite" and "ul(ate", iron o1ide", olivine Correlation o( mineralo,y to "trati,rap i+ layer".bed" Mineral a""embla,e" vary t rou, "trati,rap i+ "e+tion and t u" t rou, time <o eviden+e (or 3e "ul(ate" / i+ implie" la+2 o( eviden+e (or a+idi+ +ondition" Can traver"e up-"e+tion /it a++e"" to lar,e variety o( mineral" <ontronite unit i" "trati,rap i+ally and topo,rap i+ally lo/er t an olivine and +lay unit o 3e-"me+tite" reFuire initially redu+in, +ondition" o 8livine and +lay unit dip" a/ay (rom mound to nort rim -ayer" bein, "tripped and eroded5 dippin, to/ard +enter o( +rater @)rand CanyonA D +lay", "ul(ate" and mi1ture" o( bot o 3inely "trati(ied depo"it" o Could be inter-bedded, +ould be in di"tin+t layer" Some part" o( mound are very "imilar to interior layered depo"it" in Lalle" Marineri" Are (inely "trati(ied depo"it" lin2ed to +limate or orbital variation"C Clear "trati,rap i+ relation" ip", mi+ro+o"m (or "imilar pro+e""e" on Mar", under"tand temporal relation" ip" o( +lay" and "ul(ate" on Mar" Hue"tion":

I8

(9$ Poulet ;our spectra for sulfate is very controversial$ 6Galp Milli2en7 $ a,ree t at it4" not a" +lear, but i( you do t e +ontinual removal you ,et t e true band +enter& Nou ,et t e drop in re(le+tan+e t at i" +ommon (or "ul(ate"& * e "pe+tra +learly map" out a" "ul(ate" in t e te+tra+olor& Nou ave t e /ater (eature and t e drop o(( in re(le+tan+e& (*ac' +ustard !hat is the #and at @$@ "icrons? 3 agree that the ?$A and @$G a#sorptions are right) #ut what is the odd concave feature #etween these a#sorptions? 6Galp Milli2en7 #er ap" t i" (eature i" mi1ed 6po""ibly /it du"t7& Eut / en /e do 2no/, t ey ave mu+ +learer "ul(ate "i,nature"& 6C7 * e pre"en+e o( +al+ium interbedded /it "me+tite" ,ive" you ma""ive amorp ou" bed" in"tead o( t in, /ell-+ry"talliBed pre"entation& 6C7 * ere i" no eviden+e o( +al+ium& 6Galp Milli2en7 !e ave diver"e mineralo,y and mi1ture" o( +lay" and "ul(ate", and you4re li2ely "amplin, diver"e environment"& (? Could the calciu" still #e there? 2hat would affect preservation$ 6Galp Milli2en7 !e don4t "ee +al+ium, but t at doe"n4t mean t at t ey aren4t t ere& (*ac' +ustard 2he "ineral signatures appear to #e wea'er co"pared to signatures fro" other sites$ 6Galp Milli2en7 * e "i,nature" are de(initely t ere, but $ a,ree, t ey are /ea2er t an ot er "ite"& 0ven in Meridiani, /e 2no/ (rom 8pportunity t at t ere i" ;5? "ul(ate in t e ro+2" but /e don4t "ee t at "i,nature (rom orbit& * e abundan+e" +an be very i, , very lo/ or any/ ere in bet/een& 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 !ell, t at about +over" it& Brad Thompson Stratigraphy at the Gale Crater Landing Site #o"itive relie( (ra+ture "y"tem" -o/er mound layer" 10 to ;0 meter" t i+2 o Apparent "lope about 2 de,ree" :pper mound layer" about ; to 7 meter" t i+2 o Apparent "lope" o( 5 to 10 de,ree" )eometry o( upper unit +onta+t not +on"i"tent /it la+u"trine depo"it 6"ome aeolian in(luen+e7 Morp olo,i+ally diver"e D pre"ented di((eren+e" o( upper and lo/er mound )ale (ormed in t e late <oa+ ian -o/-ener,y "edimentary depo"itional environment Clo"ed depo"itional ba"in Gepre"entative o( numerou" e1po"ure" o( layered depo"it" on Mar", non-uni(orm in "pa+e and time&

I>

-on, "edimentary re+ord +apture" environmental + an,e" durin, depo"ition A,e +onte1t: o Continuin, ero"ion o 8nlappin, valley net/or2 depo"it" on +rater (loor o $nterior + annel depo"it" o Depo"ition o( upper mound layer" o Depo"ition iatu".ero"ional epi"ode o Depo"ition o( lo/er mound layer" o )ale impa+t 6late <oa+ ian7 3ormation me+ ani"m: o :nli2ely: impa+t e9e+ta, e((u"ive vol+ani"m, peda,ene"i", vol+ani+la"ti+" 6la+2 o( re,ular repetition7 o #o""ible: la+u"trine depo"ition, aeolian depo"ition o -o/-ener,y depo"ition o( parti+le" depo"ited via "u"pen"ion (rom (luid 6/ind or /ater7 0ven i( aeolian, /ater played a "i,ni(i+ant role :pper mound about ; 2m t i+2 6mu+ t i+2er t an lo/er mound7 !ater alteration +ould ave appened be(ore depo"ited o Are t ey in pla+e or /ere t ey tran"portedC o 0viden+e o( +ementation o( ro+2" be(ore + annel" +ut, "o /e ave t at +on"traint ! at4" t e /ater "our+eC A (e/ "mall in(lo/", no out(lo/& !a" it ,round/aterC

2isc(ssion of +a%e Crater9 (2i" Par'er ,ow e-tensive is the upper "ound unit? 6C7 $t i" lar,e5 it o++upie" a "i,ni(i+ant portion o( mound& 6Sen 0d,ett7 * e "trati,rap i+ "e+tion o( t e upper mound i" ; 2m t i+2& $t i" t i+2er t an t e lo/er "e+tion but a" a "maller aerial e1tent& 6*im #ar2er7 * e yardan, unit i" on top o( t e upper mound unit"& (*ac' +ustard !e can0t deter"ine whether aeolian or fluvial processes were do"inant here$ Even if it is aeolian) are fluvial processes are still significant? 6C7 AFueou" pro+e""e"5 + annel" are "our+ed (rom t e mound and are a""o+iated /it t e alteration o( mineral"& (*ac' +ustard !hat can you say a#out the ti"ing of the "ineral alteration? Could the alteration have #een prior to deposition? 6Erad * omp"on7 $( t i" "ediment /a" tran"ported (rom "ome/ ere el"e, it +ould be ero"ion o( <oa+ ian ba"ement& All /e +an +on"train i" t e (ormation o( t e +rater and t e (ormation o( t e valley net/or2"& 6Da/n Sumner7 * ere i" eviden+e (or +ementation o( t e ro+2", "o /e 2no/ t at /ater (lo/ed at t e "ur(a+e at time o( t e un+on(ormity& 50

(&ethany Ehl"ann 2he ri" of Gale is well%preserved$ 7re there any inflow or ouflow channels? 3s it reasona#le to say that the source of alteration was ground water and delivery of sedi"ents the result of aeolian processes? 6Erad * omp"on7 * ere are many "mall in(lo/ valley" 6on t e rimC7& !e ave not done a ma"" balan+e +al+ulation "o $ +an4t determine t e role o( ,round /ater& 6Sen 0d,ett7 $n re"pon"e to Eet any4" Fue"tion, $ don4t 2no/ / et er t ere /a" a la2e t ere& Nou ave to 2eep in mind t at t e valley" t at delivered material to t e mound mi, t al"o be eroded& * i" i" a +ommon "tory all over t e planet& 6Eet any 0 lmann7 !e al"o "ee many +rater" /it in(lo/ and out(lo/ + annel"& 6C7 * e i""ue /it )ale i" to prove / et er it4" la+u"trine& * ere i" no dire+t +onne+tion to a depo"itional environment ere& 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 * ere i" a +lear "our+e-to-"in2 "ituation in 0ber"/alde, (or e1ample, but in )ale t ere i" no +lear +onne+tion bet/een t e + annel" and t e "ediment& 6Da/n Sumner7 * e advanta,e ere i" t at )ale a" a u,e "trati,rap i+ "e+tion& Eut it i" impo""ible to identi(y la2e depo"it" /it in t e "trati,rap y (rom orbit& !e ave an oppo"ite problem ere5 /e +an te"t t i" (rom t e rover by loo2in, at "edimentary "tru+ture", di"tribution o( mineral", et+& 3or e1ample, i( t ere /a" a playa la2e, /e /ould "ee mud +ra+2"& $( it /ere a deeper la2e environment, /e /ould loo2 (or turbidite"& !e +an4t develop a (a+ie" model (rom orbit& $t i" a lar,e <oa+ ian +rater, i( t ere /a" "ur(a+e or ,round /ater 6)ale i" 5 2m deep7 you mi, t ,ue"" t at t ere +ould ave been a la2e& 6-inda Sa 7 $( you ave a ole (illed entirely by aeolian pro+e""e", t e "ame pro+e"" /ill ta2e t in," out& * e only /ay to trap "ediment /it out a la2e i" to /i+2 up ,round/ater& Nou mu"t be loo2in, at t e inter(a+e o( t e ,round/ater table /it t e +rater bottom or ne/ly developed land "ur(a+e& All are " o/in, t e in(luen+e o( +ementation& (*a"es !rey 2he "ineralogic diversity in Gale is a strong selling point$ !hat is the direct evidence that the sedi"entary stac' here is connected to glo#al/regional processes? 6Da/n Sumner7 * i" "ite /ill allo/ u" to te"t / et er it i" a lo+al + an,e or a re,ional.,lobal + an,e& * at i" t e (ir"t "tep in te"t t at /ill tell u" "omet in, about / at to loo2 (or& (*$ P$ &i#ring 9irst you alter) then you deposit and erode the sedi"ents$ 6Da/n Sumner7 Nou +an4t prove t at (rom orbit& 63& #oulet7 * e "i,nature i" very /ea2 / i+ "upport" tran"port rat er t an alteration o( t e material in "itu& 6Sen 0d,ett7 * in2 about t e )rand Canyon (or a minute& Could you in(er t e tale o( t e )rand Canyon ba"ed on orbital dataC Nou +an4t tell t e tale o( t e mound in )ale 9u"t by

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loo2in, at it (rom orbit& Eut t ere i" a 5 2m-t i+2 "ta+2 o( layer" t at repre"ent" a lar,e portion o( t e ,eolo,i+ i"tory o( Mar"& (*i" Rice 3s there a fan associated with the =grand canyon> in Gale? 6Sen 0d,ett7 <o, it4" ,one& 6Erad * omp"on7 $t i" li2ely +overed by later +rater (ill& (*i" Rice ;ou aren0t proposing a traverse of the =grand canyon> in Gale) right? 6Sen 0d,ett7 <o& Eut maybe in t e e1tended, e1tended mi""ionT 6Erad * omp"on7 * e (luvial "y"tem +ould ave e1ploited a (ault "y"tem, but t ere i" an inverted + annel at t e bottom& (*ohn Grant 2he geo"orphic evidence for water is the valleys and the s"all fans) right? 6Erad * omp"on7 Ne", in addition to t e +ementation alon, /it (ra+ture" Bone"& (*ohn Grant 2he valleys and the fans on the floor post%date the layered "ound? 6Sen 0d,ett7 * e +anyon" +ut into mound, / i+ reFuire" t at t e lo/er layer" /ere lit i(ied be(ore t ey /ere +ut by t e +anyon"& * ere are variou" + annel" t at +ome into t e +rater, but t eir a,e i" le"" +ertain& 6Go"" $r/in7 * ere i" a narro/ brea+ t at depo"ited a (an /e"t o( +entral mound& $t4" un+ertain / et er t ere /a" alluvial depo"ition a(ter mound /a" depo"ited& Material +ontribution" (rom +rater /all are very "mall& )ale may not ave been a" /et a" ot er pla+e"& 6Sen 0d,ett7 ! atever t e pro+e""e" /ere, t at /a" / at /a" appenin, on early Mar"& !e don4t 2no/ t e pro+e""e", but /e do 2no/ t at t ey /ere a+tive on a ,lobal "+ale& 6Da/n Sumner7 )ale allo/" u" to te"t t e timin, o( alteration by loo2in, at "edimentary "tru+ture"& 6C7 $ t in2 t i" is te"table, but $4m not "ure /e /ill ,et a de(initive an"/er& 6Sen *ana2a7 )ale i" lo+ated alon, i, land.lo/land boundary& De,radation pro+e"" may ave been driven by t e ,round/ater "y"tem, / i+ may ave been /ell above t e (loor o( )ale& May ave ad ,round /ater in t e bottom o( )ale and t e material +ould ave a++umulated t rou, aeolian a+tivity, / i+ /ould be +on"i"tent /it t e ,eolo,i+ "ettin,& (? ;ou "ay have had a change in the redo- conditions during the ti"e s"ectites were for"ed? 2hat would spea' to ha#ita#ility and "ight give us a good story$ ,ow good are the instru"ents at testing differences in s"ectites? 6Galp Milli2en7 Nou +an di((erentiate bet/een aluminum and iron-ri+ "me+tite"&

52

6Dave7 !e are limited and it4" le"" t an per(e+t& !e +an tell a lot, e"pe+ially i( /e +an (ind a "me+tite" in t e a""embla,e& !e +an4t tell / et er t ey are bi or tri-o+ta edral but /e +an tell di((eren+e" bet/een ma9or +la""e" and ot er p yllo"ili+ate" li2e 2aolinite& 6Galp Milli2en7 Nou ave di((erent "me+tite" /it di((erent +ation" 6M,, 3e, Al7 in o+ta edral "ite"& (Steve Ruff !hat are the ellipse science possi#ilities? 2his is the dustiest site$ !hy was it chosen? 7nd if the rover never leaves the ellipse) what co"pelling science are we going to get? 6Sen 0d,ett7 * e landin, ellip"e /a" po"itioned t ere be+au"e it4" t e only pla+e to put an ellip"e t at ,ive" you a++e"" to mound and it4" (ree o( "and " eet"& * e point o( landin, in )ale i" to ,et to t e mound& $t4" a ne/ ri"2 to ave a J,o to4 "ite& 6C7 $n term" o( @,o toA ver"u" @non-,o toA "ite", $ +on"ider it an advanta,e to move a/ay (rom landin, "ite to ,et a/ay (rom t e plume a""o+iated /it landin,& $t i" part o( t e reFuirement o( t e mi""ion to do traver"e", "o in /ei, in, t e ri"2 and bene(it, it4" /ort t e ri"2& 6'o n )rant7 Nou need to ,et about 100 m a/ay to di"tan+e t e rover (rom t e landin, plume& (&ryan ,yne' !hat is the consensus on the age of the "ound? 6Galp Milli2en7 $ did not mean to imply t at t e entire i"tory o( Mar" i" repre"ented in )ale& !e ave t o"e mineral" in a "trati,rap i+ "e+tion but don4t 2no/ t e a,e"& 6Sen 0d,ett7 $ doubt t at t ere are di"tin+t era" o( + emi+al alteration& He"peria #lanum didn4t under,o t at mu+ ero"ion, "o it a" to be older& ! at doe" it mean / en you ,o up-"e+tion and ave mineral + an,e"C * e mound i" "et up to an"/er t e"e type" o( Fue"tion"5 you ave a++e"" to t e tran"ition"& 6Matt )olombe27 )ale +rater it"el( i" <oa+ ian in a,e& (&ryan ,yne' ,ow can you prove that the layered deposits in Gale are not si"ilar to the +edusae 9ossae 9or"ation (+99 ? 6Sen 0d,ett7 * at4" myt olo,i+al& * e M33 a" inverted + annel" and (an" o( + annel"& $n t e upper part o( t e )ale mound, you mi, t ave "omet in, "imilar to "out ern AmaBoni"& 6Sen *ana2a7 * e M33 i" ;00 2m a/ay (rom )ale& * ere are rare 6AmaBonian7 + annel" t at pa"" t rou, M33& Ee+au"e it i" lo+ated on t e i, land-lo/land boundary, it4" di((i+ult to a,e-date t e + annel", it i" di((i+ult to +on"train "trati,rap y and t e ,eolo,i+al in(eren+e" are /ea2& 6Saleb 3o""et7 $t i" ard to believe t at /e ave a ,ood a,e +on"traint in t e M33& <ot avin, +onte1t (or t e "trati,rap y i" a ri"2& !e pre(er "ite" t at ave dire+t lin2 to t e "our+e& (5en Edgett &esides E#erswalde) what other sites provide a convincing source? 6Saleb 3o""et7 Holden +rater&

5;

(+ichelle (o so"e sites have a #etter age constraint? 6Matt )olombe27 Ne", "ome "ite" ave dire+t +rater +ount", li2e Ma/rt & * e mound in )ale doe"n4t provide +on"traint"& 6Saleb 3o""et7 A,e +on"traint" vary amon, all t e propo"ed "ite"& * e mound in )ale i" +ompletely up in t e air& Holden a" mar2er time" be+au"e t e :Bboi brea+ +ut" a /elldated +rater& Some "ite" ave better +on"traint" t an ot er"& 6Erad * omp"on7 * e idea t at t e a,e o( t e depo"it" in )ale are AmaBonian i" ridi+ulou"& 6Galp Milli2en7 !e /ant to tap into a" many ,eo+ emi+al event" a" po""ible& )ale i" + emi+ally diver"e and a" a u,e "ta+2 o( material"& (? 3s there any #ase"ent or "ega#reccia in Gale? 6Galp Milli2en7 $ ave not "een any& 6Al(red M+0/en7 * e +entral pea2 mi, t be e1po"ed in t e "out "ide o( mound& 6Sen 0d,ett7 * ere i" a + an+e t at t e (an in ellip"e in+orporated and tran"ported /all ro+2& 6*im #ar2er7 Seep in mind t at 8pportunity a" ,one t/enty time" lon,er t an it" de"i,n& 6Al(red M+0/en7 * e amount o( "tru+tural upli(t (or t at +rater t at "iBe mi, t be more t an 10 2m but t e upli(t i" draped by youn,er "ediment"& Open 2isc(ssion of A%% )roposed Landing Sites (? !hich sites can you drive up%section? ,ow "uch of a stratigraphic section can we sa"ple? 6Matt )olombe27 3or all @,o-toA "ite", it4" po""ible to drive up t e "trati,rap i+ pa+2a,e& 6'im Gi+e7 150 m in 0ber"/alde 60ldar <oe Dobrea7 $n Ma/rt , you ave a +ouple undred meter" 6Horton <e/"om7 $n Miyamoto, you ave 100-200 m 6'o n )rant7 $n Holden t ere i" =150 m, plu" 10" o( meter" o( "trati,rap y in (an 6Matt )olombe27 $n Sout Meridiani, t ere are ten" o( meter" o( "ul(ate", t e p yllo"ili+ate" are on order o( a undred meter"& 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 <ili 3o""ae -CC 6C7 -ayered mound in )ale i" 5 2m t i+2& 6Go"" $r/in7 !e " ouldn4t re"tri+t to la+u"trine environment" but al"o +on"ider "ub"ur(a+e or ydrot ermal environment"& $n Holden, you +an a++e"" bot and mi, t be a ,ood +ompromi"e bet/een )ale and 0ber"/alde&

5I

6Horton7 Nou /ould e1pe+t to "ee ydrot ermal e((e+t" around rim" o( t e"e lar,e +rater"& )ale, t e rim o( )ale, Holden, Holden4" +entral upli(t and Miyamoto& * ere i"n4t a lot o( data +overa,e& 6'im Gi+e7 0ber"/alde a" /ell be+au"e it i" M7 2m in diameter& 6-ivio *ornabene7 Ne", you +an ma2e t e "ame ar,ument (or 0ber"/alde& (*i" &ell People have done a great :o# on evaluating each siteH Can you tal' through the rationale for spectral detection? Can you co""ent on longer wavelengths where there are diagnostic #ands? 6Eet any 0 lmann7 Spe+tra ave parti+ular ab"orption" at parti+ular pla+e"& * e 2&5 mi+ron ab"orption and it" "lope and t e (errou" "lope 6a broad "lope do/n to one mi+ron7& 01planation o( ratioed and un-ratioed "pe+tra& At t e <ili "ite, $ /a" re"i"tant to +all t em +arbonate" be+au"e mi1ture" +an "ubdue t e band" and t ere are normal ma,ne"ite" t at tend to be dar2er& Subtle ab"orption" at lon,er /avelen,t " 6;-I mi+ron ran,e7 are not a" /ell +alibrated in CG$SM& 6'im Eell7: ! at doe" *H0M$S "eeC 6Eet any7: Hard to di"tin,ui" / ere you4d e1pe+t +arbonate v"& olivine ab"orption 6o++ur" at almo"t "ame band in *H0M$S7 "o indeterminate& Di"+onne+t in /avelen,t " o++ur" /it +ertain mineral" in L<$G v"& lon,er /avelen,t "& May be "tron, in L<$G but /ea2 in lon,er /avelen,t "& $n *H0M$S data, it4" di((i+ult to di"tin,ui" / ere to e1pe+t t e +arbonate ab"orption and t e olivine ab"orption& 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 * ere i" a di"+onne+t in t e /avelen,t " o( +ertain mineral"& * e abundan+e" are a +on"ideration& 6-ivio *ornabene7 $Xm not +onvin+ed t at it4" not a mi1ture o( mineral"& $n a ydrot ermal "ite, you +an ave mi1in, o( "everal ydrou" "ta,e"& 6Eet any 0 lmann7 * e relative band "tren,t i" (airly +on"tant and /e don4t "ee /ea2 ab"orption"& * ere4" de(initely mi1in, ,oin, on, due to t e "iBe o( t e CG$SM (ootprint& 6Mur+ ie7: $ believe it i" a +onvin+in, identi(i+ation alt ou, it4" /ea2& * i" /ent t rou, "trin,ent peer revie/ /it in t e CG$SM team be(ore /e relea"ed t i" t eory& 01pe+t p y"i+al e((e+t o( te1tural material" ere a" /ell a" ot er pla+e" on Mar" 6li2e Ean(ield di"+u""ed ye"terday7& 6C7 * ere i" not in, t at a" "tru+ture at t at /avelen,t t at /ould be due to in"trument arti(a+t"& !e believe t i" i" a +onvin+in, interpretation o( +arbonate even t ou, it i" /ea2& (*ohn Grant 7re there "inerals accessi#le within the ellipse or in the rover traverse? 6Eet any 0 lmann7 * ey /ere pre"ented (or re,ional +onte1t& * e"e dete+tion" are on bot "ide" o( trou, relative to landin, "ite ellip"e& 60ldar <oe Dobrea7 * e nontronite "pe+tra varie"& $4m /orried about in"trumental e((e+t" and t e u"e o( denominator in ratioed "pe+tra&

55

6Eet any7 !e are very +on(ident t at t e"e mineral "i,nature" are di"tin+t& * ere i" +arbonate ere be+au"e o( t e intera+tion o( /ater /it olivine& 6Comment7: <ot propo"ed a" "edimentary +arbonate pa+2a,e, but it4" /eat erin, o( olivine& Brief description of instr(ments in the MSL )ay%oad 6'o n )rotBin,er7: $( t ere4" or,ani+ matter, +an /e dete+t itC $" payload +apable o( doin, t i" in +onte1t o( "+ien+eC 6#aul7: SAM a" very "en"itive ppb o( met ane 6<ili may be ot "pot7& */o (undamental e1periment" /it SAM are atmo"p eri+ "+ien+e and ,round relea"in, + emi+al"& #o"ition o( evolved ,a" elp" u" under"tand +arbonate", ydrated mineral", et+& Hi, ly re(ra+tory material may not relea"e +arbon e((i+iently& $( e((i+iently relea"ed, +an ,et 1 to 10 ppb dete+tion& Sam al"o a" +ombu"tion +apability and t e ma"" "pe+trometer +an "ee "ul(ur i"otope"& 6Dave7 6C eMin7: 3or almo"t all mineral", t ere4" a ;? dete+tion limit& C eMin ,ive" u" Fuantitative abundan+e" o( mineral"& Around 12? or above ,ive" u" Fuantitative amount plu" or minu" 2? o( t e abundan+e& Able to dete+t "me+tite but +an4t tell / at 2ind o( "me+tite, but 1ray (luore"+en+e data +an elp& Hualitative YG3 data o( 3e or M, pre"ent +ould elp determine type o( "me+tite& 3or any mineral pre"ent /it abundan+e" ,reater t an 12?, /e +an do re(inement", and (or olivine, /e +an "ee total 3e and M, pre"ent in "tru+ture& 3or +arbonate", /e +an "ee amount o( +al+ium pre"ent& Amorp ou" material" /ill loo2 li2e ,la""& )la""y material" +an "emi-Fuantitatively be dete+ted& 6C emCam7: Small "pot "iBe le"" t an 1 mm& Multiple la"er "pot" +an remove du"t remotely& 8t er in"trument +an ,ive +onte1t o( "mall "pot& Capability to "ee ma9or element", in+ludin, C and <& Carbon line i" 2I8 nm 6in :L7 and plan to "ee +arbon (rom + em+am at "everal ? level& Sen"itive (or minor and tra+e element" 6lit ium, "trontium, et+7& 6A#YS7: 01pe+t "ame a" M0G but /it i, er pre+i"ion&

6Sen7 6+amera"7: Molly i" bein, +alibrated no/ and +an ,et at +lo"e (o+u" 2 +m (rom tar,et, ,et 1I mi+ron" per pi1el& Can + an,e (o+u" out to in(inity& Double M$ re"olution& G)E (ull +olor& -0D" (or ni, t& MAGD$ a" been delivered and on rover no/& G)E& $ma,e durin, de"+ent at mm.pi1el / en 9u"t above "ur(a+e& A(ter tou+ do/n, in"trument not de"i,ned to operate durin, "ur(a+e mi""ion, but tryin, to + an,e t at "o it +an be operated at 1-2mm.pi1el& 6'im Eell7 6Ma"tCam7: -o"t Boom +apability be+au"e o( de"+ope& Gevi"ed "y"tem a" t/o +amera"& 8ne i" ;Imm (o+al len,t /it "li, tly better t an #an+am re"olution& 8t er i" i, er mm (i1ed (o+al len,t Boom, /it i, po/er 2-;1 #an+am re"olution& Can /or2 a" "tereo pair 6u"e +enter o( /ide an,le vie/7& Eot ave G)E and +ontain narro/ band (ilter" "o +an ,et "ome mineralo,i+ diver"ity (or iron mineral"& 0a+ +amera a" 8 (ilter",

5M

one i" "olar, one i" blind, ot er" are narro/ band (ilter"& Eot ave u,e bu((er5 you +an ta2e movie" i( you /ant& -imited remote "en"in, mineral di"+rimination +apability& GAD 6Gadiation a""e""ment dete+tor7: Atmo"p eri+ in"trument loo2in, at radiation and "olar ener,y parti+le"& Mea"ure albedo and ydro,en ratio depo"it" on "ur(a+e& 6A" /in7 6DA<, a neutron "pe+trometer7: A+tive neutron dete+tor t at +an dete+t on t e ,o but +an do "tationary mea"urement" (or ;0 minute" and ,et" 1? /ater dete+tion& Sample a+Fui"ition a" po/derin, drill 61+m drill bit7 and deliver" to analyti+al lab in"trument"& Drill ,oe" (rom 0-5+m dept & Sample +olle+ted (rom about 2-5+m dept 6lo"e (ir"t 1+m7& * ere i" no ro+2 abra"ion tool on MS-, but /e do ave a bru" & Can "ieve "ample to 1mm "iBe (ra+tion (or SAM& Al"o ave a "+oop, and +an "ieve "+ooped "ample"& Eot +an be pla+e" on ob"ervation tray and u"e +onta+t in"trument" to "tudy& (,yne' 4 !hat0s the status of cache? 6Meyer7: Don4t 2no/ "tatu" o( it& 6Horton7: C emCam +an loo2 at very t in /eat erin, rind"& 2isc(ssion of MSL )ay%oad and 6oting 6'o n )rotBin,er7 * e diversity and conte-t votin, +riteria are t e mo"t tan,ible Fue"tion"& Habitability i" ,ut in"tin+t& (*eff 7re these e8ually weighted? 6'o n )rotBin,er7 !e /ant a ma9ority o( people to (eel t at t e "ite" t at end up above t e bar, anyone /ould be appy /it ,oin, to any o( t o"e& #re"ervation i" more Fuantitative& !ei, tin, " ould be to/ard t e diver"ity and +onte1t, le"" on abitability and pre"ervation& 6A" /in La"avada7 * e re"ult o( t e /or2" op i" to ,et red.yello/.,reen" "o none o( t e "ite" /ill be redu+ed to a "in,le number& 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 A" M0#A) + air, t in2in, lon, term, /e don4t /ant to ,et into a blan2in, "ituation / ere pre"ervation o( bio-"i,nature" i" t e number one reFuirement, be+au"e a" /e 2no/, t e pre"ervation o( bio-"i,nature" on Mar" i" di((i+ult& !e don4t /ant to /al2 out o( t i" meetin, t in2in, t at MS- i" ,oin, to dete+t +arbon +ompound" t at mu"t "urely be t ere& Ee a/are /e don4t /ant to ,et in Li2in, "ituation / ere e1+itement to/ard" pre"ervation lead" t at to be level 1 reFuirement& Dete+tion o( +arbon +ompound" i" not a level 1 reFuirement& Ee +autiou" t at /e don4t leave ere t in2in, MS- /ill ,o 9u"t to (ind t e"e +arbon +ompound"& Diver"ity and +onte1t " ould be topi+" t at in(luen+e u" mo"t and t en opportunity (or abitability and pre"ervation are added bonu"&

57

6'o n )rotBin,er7 * ere i" not in, t at $ /ant to prevent more t an to "ay /e are ,oin, to (ind bio-"i,nature on Mar"& * e + an+e t at t i" appen" i" really "mall be+au"e it doe"n4t /or2 on 0art very o(ten& 8n Mar", it4" only arder& 8ur ,oal o( t e mi""ion i" to inve"ti,ate abitable environment" and t e in"trument" /ill allo/ u" to a"2 Fue"tion" about tap onomi+ /indo/"& A(ter di"+u""ion and votin,, /ant ma9ority o( people to (eel appy /it any o( t e "ite" above t e bar& $""ue o( pre"ervation i" a little more a++e""ible& Can ma2e ob"ervation" about mineral" u"ed to pre"erve t in,"& !ei, tin, " ould be more on +onte1t and diver"ity D mo"t important (or pi+2in, a ,ood (ield area& Z)o over Fue"tion" (or votin,[& $" it really 9u"t an i""ue o( abundan+e to + ara+teriBe diver"ityC Spa+e and time i" important (or relative + ronolo,y& ! en bioma"" i" pre"erved on eart , mineral" /e "ee better be +ontemporaneou" /it time or,ani+" are t ere& $( mineral" +ome a(ter or,ani+", /e ave a po"t-depo"itional alteration event& Do /e /ant t atC $( (luid" in +ra+2", are mineral" /e "ee +ontemporaneou" /it or,ani+"C *ap onomi+ /indo/ i" important ere& Can timin, be relatively e"tabli" edC !e may not 2no/ t at (or any o( t e"e "ite"& Mo"t people t in2 about o1idiBin, i""ue, but did /e t in2 about i, /ater.ro+2 ration i""ueC Additional /ater a(ter or,ani+" trapped i" not a ,ood t in,& 6C7: ! at doe" a ,reen mean on la"t pointC $" it detrimental or notC 6'o n )rant7 $n term" o( t e di"+u""ion o( t e"e "ite" and t e ,uideline" (or votin,, t e "+ien+e +ommunity doe" not @pi+2A t e landin, "ite& * e #S) and * e #ro9e+t ta2e our input and re+ommend" t e "ite, and it4" <ASA eadFuarter" t at "ele+t" t e "ite& * i" i" our opportunity to parti+ipate& !e need to be relevant to be in+luded& * in2 about t e 2ind" o( Fue"tion" t at * e #ro9e+t and <ASA eadFuarter" put (or/ard and evaluate t o"e a,ain"t ea+ o( t e propo"ed "ite"& !e are not tryin, to ,et to a ma,i+ number o( "ite" at t i" meetin,& $n"tead, / at are t e top t ree "ite"C ! at are t e bottom t ree "ite"C 6Matt )olombe27 !e are not ,oin, to prioritiBe t e "ite" at t i" point& * i" i" a @FuartileA evaluation& 6'o n )rant7 * at bein, "aid, t e "ite" are not all eFual, "o need to evaluate t em& The )ro:ect L(nch Meeting 6'o n )rant7 $n ,eneral, people are not rai"in, ne/ i""ue"& A(ter lun+ , /e don4t /ant to revi"it t e di"+u""ion o( t e "ite"& !e /ill provide a "ummary o( t e "ite" t en /e /ill vote u"in, paper ballot"& * e vote" /ill be a "trai, t avera,e o( t e "+ore" and /e /ill al"o u"e a /ei, tin, (un+tion to "ay, @ o/ ,reen /a" itCA Somet in, li2e ,reen i" 5 point", yello/ i" ; point", and red i" 1 point& Do you t in2 t at t e "ite" /ere di"+u""ed (ully ,iven t e +on"traint" o( t e t ree-day /or2" opC 6C7 Ne", $ t in2 /e are rea+ in, t e limit" o( t e di"+u""ion& 6Al(red M+0/en7 * e di"+u""ion" /ill "pur people to loo2 ba+2 at data&

58

6'o n )rant7 !e need to ,uide t e di"+u""ion "o t e ma9or point" are out t ere (or ,eneral +on"ideration& !e are not ,oin, to di"+u"" "ite" a,ain t i" a(ternoon& $ am t in2in, ten minute" per "ite to ,et a ba"i+ overvie/, 1-1&5 our" total be(ore /e vote& ((avid (es +arais ,ow long should the written su""aries of the sites #e? Should we focus on 8uestion and answers? 6'o n )rant7 A al(-pa,e to one pa,e ma1imum& Capture t e ma9or point"& 6'o n )rotBin,er7 !it a "ilent ballot you mi, t e1pe+t le"" yello/ vote"& 6'o n )rant7 $ t in2 it4" ,oin, to arder to ,ame t e "y"tem /it t e paper ballot& * ere /on4t be obviou" @blo+2A votin,& (*ohn Grot1inger 2here will #e green) yellow) red votes for each site? 6'o n )rant7 Ne", $ don4t t in2 it /ill ta2e very lon, be+au"e mo"t people ave already made up t eir mind& (*ohn Grot1inger ,ave you seen the =3s E#erswalde really a delta?> poster? 6Al(red M+0/en7 Ne", but $ don4t t in2 it4" a "eriou" + allen,e to t at "ite& 6Al(red M+0/en7 $ t in2 /e need to de(ine red, yello/ and ,reen& 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 At t e la"t /or2" op, /e need to be "tron, in our u"e o( red, li2e t e lo/e"t per+entile& !e " ould in"tru+t people to polariBe a" mu+ a" po""ible& (*ohn Grot1inger 3n your e-perience) how do these sites co"pare to previous "issions? 6Sen *ana2a7 * ere are pro" and +on" (or ea+ "ite but t e amount o( in(ormation /e ave (ar e1+eed" anyt in, /e ad in prior mi""ion"& (*ohn Grant !hat0s your sense? 6Al(red M+0/en7 * e"e are ,reat "ite"& !e 6HiG$S07 +an4t +omplain about t e ima,e reFue"t"& $ am "li, tly +on+erned about t e "a(ety o( all o( t em& (*ohn Grant 3n general) do you thin' that the sites reflect the diversity? 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 #la+e" li2e 0ber"/alde /eren4t even on t e ,lobal mineral map be(ore CG$SM& Do /e ave on t e table "ome o( t e mo"t intri,uin, "ite"C Ne", $ t in2 "o, o( t e pla+e" / ere /e +an "a(ely land& * ere are "ome "tunnin, pla+e" /it mu+ better "i,nature" t an 0ber"/alde, (or e1ample, but /e +an4t land t ere& So, /e are /ell repre"ented& (+att Golo"#e' 3s there anything a#out this landing site selection process that needs i"prove"ent? 6Al(red M+0/en7 * ere are lot" o( (la/" but li2e demo+ra+y, no one +an +ome up /it a better "olution&

5>

6'o n )rotBin,er7 $ t in2 t e e1pert" on ea+ "ite " ould ave to "/ap and promote di((erent "ite"T 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 $ don4t t in2 t at t e e((ort put into t e"e "ite" /ill be lo"t, but per ap" MG8 re"our+e" " ould be dire+ted to/ard (uture mi""ion"& 6Matt )olombe27 <ASA a" already a,reed to elp t e 01oMar" mi""ion /it "ite "ele+tion& 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 $( /e +an ,et (i(ty pla+e" on t e table no/ t en /e +an "tart a"2in, (or data& 6'o n )rant7 !e need to adverti"e5 ,ive people in+entive to /or2 up re"ult"& 6C7 * ere i" a tremendou" amount o( data already out t ere to "tart /it landin, "ite" 6Al(red7 Some o( t e intere"tin, "ite" are in t e " ado/" o( t e orbit" (or +urrent landin, "ite" "o t ey are not ,ettin, ima,ed by HiG$S0& (? ,ow will the sites #e ta#ulated? 6Matt )olombe27 * e mo"t voted +olor (or t at item and an avera,e red, yello/, ,reen "+ore& Eet/een t o"e t/o mode", you +an tell pretty /ell& A(ter t e vote at t e "e+ond landin, "ite /or2" op, t ere /ere "ome "ite" t at a (e/ people (elt " ould be +on"idered more 6e&,& Lernal7, "o di"+u""ion (ollo/ed t e votin, re"ult"& * ere /ill be around 150 ballot" "o /e4ll brea2 into "even team" o( t/o people to +ount t em& 6'o n )rant7 !e4ll provide a +over " eet /it ,roup" and on+e you4ve done t e vote" (or your "ite, you4ll ma2e t e +over " eet& 6Matt )olombe27 !e /ill ave t/o +omputer +ounter"& 6'o n )rant7 !e /ill 2i+2 people out and ave t e +ounter" "pread around t e room& S(mmary of Landing Sites ;(estions 2isc(ssion and 6oting Matt +o%ombek and *ohn +rant Site Evaluations) <oting) and Ran'ing 8vervie/ o( ea+ "ite by 'o n )rant and Matt )olombe2 -o+ation o( "ite" on a ,lobal topo,rap i+ "+ale M8-A vie/ o( ea+ "ite /it landin, ellip"e

0OW TO 6OTE 6'o n )rant7 Lote red, yello/ or ,reen (or ea+ "ite& Miyamoto crater <s(mmari1ed by +o%ombek= #robable <oa+ ian +ru"t /it p yllo"ili+ate "i,nature" M0

$nverted + annel" on top o( p yllo"ili+ate depo"it" Diver"e mineralo,y to ea"t 6"ul(ate"7 and + lorite" /ell to t e /e"t

Hue"tion": (? ,as anyone considered the uplin' situation with Opportunity in the sa"e place? 6Matt )olombe27 $ don4t t in2 "o, but t at " ouldn4t be an i""ue& So(th Meridiani <s(mmari1ed by *ohn +rant= Hematite abundan+e and li2ely "ul(ate" $n+i"ed upland "ur(a+e + ara+teriBed by p yllo"ili+ate "i,nature" (&ryan ,yne' 7re there roc's or layers within the landing ellipse or are they he"atite plains? 6Matt )olombe27 * ere are ripple" /it underlyin, li, t-toned material" t at are li2ely "ul(ate"& * e ematite +on+entration i" i, on t e plain", and i" en an+ed by t e la, o( "p erule"& Small +rater" /it in t e landin, ellip"e o((er" ten" o( meter" o( e1po"ed "e+tion& 8ut"ide t e landin, ellip"e on t e upland", t ere i" a "erie" o( p yllo"ili+ate" /it un+ertain "trati,rap i+ +orrelation& Ni%i Fossae Tro(gh <s(mmari1ed by Matt +o%ombek= Ea"al unit i" "edimentary in(ill overlain by He"perian vol+ani+", overlain by e9e+ta (rom Har,rave" +rater 6p yllo"ili+ate dete+tion", on t e order o( ten" to undred" o( meter" in t i+2ne""7 S+ien+e ob9e+tive" are in re-entrant, varyin, mineralo,y and morp olo,y 0ro"ion by (luvial a+tivity Hue"tion": (*i" rice ,ow far are you fro" the re%entrant? 6Matt )olombe27 About 10 -12 2m to re-entrant (rom t e +enter o( ellip"e& (*i" &ell 3s there evidence for sulfates at this site? 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 <o, t ere i" no eviden+e (or "ul(ate"& * ere are diver"e p yllo"ili+ate" and po""ible +arbonate"& (? 7re the car#onates in the ellipse? 6Matt )olombe27 <o, t ey are not in t e ellip"e& * e +arbonate" are /it in a 2ilometer or t/o (rom t e ed,e o( t e ellip"e& * e +arbonate dete+tion o++ur" in blo+2"& (Oded 7re all the phyllosilicates consistent with deep alteration or are any consistent with surface alteration? 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 $n t e lar,e "ta+2, /e t in2 /e are "eein, $"idi" ba"in e9e+ta& !e al"o ave "ur(a+e pro+e""e" +reatin, t e 2aolinite and +arbonate unit, / i+ le(t be ind a re+ord o( mineral alteration& 0o%den crater <s(mmari1ed by Matt +o%ombek= M1

<oa+ ian +rater impa+ted on t e :Bboi--adon-Movara "y"tem !ell-e1po"ed li, t-toned layered depo"it" t at are (lat-lyin,, (inely bedded, and are a""o+iated /it a p yllo"ili+ate "i,nature $n t e ellip"e, you ave a++e"" to alluvial (an" and rai"ed rid,e" )eolo,i+ +onte1t i" "tron,5 t ere i" a ,ood timeline on t e draina,e "y"tem and t e impa+t o( ba"in and rim brea+ # yllo"ili+ate" are po"itively identi(ied in t e li, t-toned layered depo"it" "out o( t e ellip"e5 t ere are po""ible p yllo"ili+ate" in t e (an" Me,abre++ia bearin, /all-ro+2 unit anot er 5 2m out"ide ellip"e

Hue"tion"5 (? ,ow far is E#erswalde fro" ,olden? 6'o n )rant7 Z#oint" to t e M8-A topo,rap i+ map[ Ebers/a%de crater <s(mmari1ed by *ohn +rant= Delta to t e nort o( Holden, (ed by valley 0llip"e on +rater (loor #ropo"ed +rater la2e At lea"t one out+rop t at mi, t be related to Holden e9e+ta # yllo"ili+ate" "i,nature /it in delta and "+attered in material" alon, +rater (loor !ell de(ined "our+e-to-"in2 #re-e1i"tin, 2no/led,e o( / ere to loo2 (or (ine-,rained ver"u" +our"e-,rained material ba"ed on terre"trial "tudie" o( delta" Hue"tion": (Steve Ruff East of the delta there were inverted channels$ ,ow do those factor into the nature of the floor? Can you ela#orate on the inverted channels? 6Sevin -e/i"7 * e + annel" (lo/ t e oppo"ite dire+tion o( t e delta and t ey are al"o in t e landin, ellip"e& * ere are ot er inverted depo"it" on t e "out rim& * ere i" no +lear "trati,rap i+ relation" ip bet/een t e + annel" and t e main delta& * ey aren4t all at t e "ame elevation& ((ave ($ !hy would you have such different depositional events in two craters (,olden and E#erswalde that are so close in space and ti"e? 68ded7 8ne o( t e main di((eren+e" bet/een Holden and 0ber"/alde and / y t e delta i" (ar more e1ten"ive in 0ber"/alde i" be+au"e it" ba"in i" "i,ni(i+antly "maller t an t e di"+ ar,e rate" in 0ber"/alde& * e di"+ ar,e amount" (or t at draina,e "y"tem i" 20 time" t e volume o( 0ber"/alde& ! en you +ompromi"e, you +an ave eit er t e ,ood part" o( bot or t e bad part" o( bot & $( you ,o to Holden, t e +ertainty /it / i+ you +an identi(y t e tar,et" o( (luvial "edimentary depo"it" de+rea"e"& 6'o n )rant7 ! ile you +an identi(y t e environment, t e bed" in 0ber"/alde are mu+ more eroded& 6'im Gi+e7 * ere4" no delta in Holden +rater& M2

6'o n )rant7 An alluvial (an i" a delta& * ere are +ertainly (an delta" related to a i, er ener,y event 6e&,& :Bboi di"+ ar,e7 in Holden& Ma/rth 6a%%es <s(mmari1ed by Matt +o%ombek= <oa+ ian in a,e -ar,e p yllo"ili+ate e1po"ure5 at lea"t 200m o( p yllo"ili+ate bearin, material" /it di((erent + emi"trie" bet/een unit" !ell-bedded and i, +orrelation bet/een layer", morp olo,y o( t e bed" and + emi+al di((eren+e" in t e p yllo"ili+ate "i,nature 8ne o( t e only "ite" / ere t e ellip"e i" lo+ated dire+tly on top o( t e "+ien+e you /ant to a++e"" Hue"tion": 6*im #ar2er7 Nou potentially ave a++e"" undred" o( meter" to 2ilometer" o( "e+tion in t e Ma/rt Lalle" trou, & 6Matt )olombe27 * at /ould be important to determine t e nature o( t e material"& 6'o n )rant7 SeFuen+e in Ma/rt Lalle" /a" repeated up to 1000 2m a/ay, "o t i" "ite i" typi+al on a re,ional "+ale& 6Matt )olombe27 'ame" !rey identi(ied ,round/ater (eature" lea+ in, alon, (ra+ture", / i+ are al"o in t e ellip"e& 6'ame" !rey7 * e ydrated "ili+ate" are + emi+ally diver"e& (Pan 3s there anything 'nown a#out at"ospheric effect on S7+? 6Matt )olombe27 Albedo a" a dire+t impa+t& 6C7 !e a""ume t at t e material" are /ell-vented& +a%e crater <s(mmari1ed by *ohn +rant= Alluvial material" in t e ellip"e !ell bedded material" "everal 2ilometer" in t i+2ne"" Eot p yllo"ili+ate" and "ul(ate" :n+ertain a,e o( mound5 but +rater i" <oa+ ian in a,e Du"tie"t o( t e "ite" 8b9e+tive to + ara+teriBe a type-"e+tion (or mar" :nu"ually lo/ elevation +rater5 ard to 2eep /ater out o( a +rater Hue"tion": (9$ Poulet !hat 'ind of he"atite? 6Galp Milli2en7 * ere i" an ab"orption at 0&8M mi+ron"& <ot t e (ine-,rained ematite, it i" li2ely mi+ron.+ry"talline ematite&

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68ded7 * e ori,in o( t e layered mound in )ale i" "u,,e"ted to be aFueou" but aeolian pro+e""e" +an4t be ruled out& Aeolian pro+e""e" ere mi, t even be more li2ely due to la+2 o( morp olo,i+al eviden+e "u+ a" valley" and rim di""e+tion& * i" i" a terri(i+ "ite /it mineral diver"ity /it a++e"" to many material", but t e mineralo,y mi, t not be indi+ative o( t e environment& 6Sen 0d,ett7 * ere are lot" o( +rater on Mar" t at ave been (illed and e1 umed& $( any o( t e"e 2ind" o( pla+e" /ere la2e", o/ /ould /e ever 2no/ /it out ,oin, t ereC 8nly 0ber"/alde i" a +ertain la2e environment& ! en are /e ,oin, to te"t t i" ypot e"i"C 6Hu, 7 !it t e time"+ale" /e ave ere, t ere4" time to "eal lateral permeability& 6'o n )rotBin,er7 $ don4t t in2 it4" pro(itable to /orry about tran"port o( altered material v"& alteration o( material in "itu& Gat er, i( you ave t o"e mineral", / at ay +ould you ma2e /it t e payloadC 6C7 $ ave not "een eviden+e o( "tandin, /ater at any o( t e propo"ed "ite"& 6'a+2 Mu"tard7 <ili a" diver"ity o( environment" t at are repre"ented by t e +ru"t and (ill material"& Fina% 6otes Top9 0ber"/alde +rater 6II&5;7, Holden +rater 6I;&27, )ale +rater 6I1&>57 Midd%e9 Ma/rt Lalle" 6;7&>27, <ili 3o""ae 6;7&087 Bottom9 Sout Meridiani 628&;07, Miyamoto +rater 62;&8I7 )ost7-ote 2isc(ssion ((iana 3s there ti"e for further argu"ent now? 6'o n )rant7 0veryone ad t e "ame opportunity to ma2e t eir +a"e& ! at /e4ve done ere i" identi(y t/o "ite" in t e bottom, t/o in t e middle and t ree at t e top& Any o( t e"e "ite" are +ompellin, and /e /ill "tart to (o+u" our e((ort" in data +olle+tion& !e +an4t "ay ere / i+ are in t e (inal t ree& (? !ill we have the opportunity to give input into the for"at of the ne-t wor'shop? 6Matt )olombe27 !e /ould love to ave input, plea"e email 'o n )rant or me& 6'o n )rant7 !e +ir+ulated t e eleven Fue"tion" t at /ere u"ed to evaluate t e "ite" in t e "teerin, +ommittee and t ey /ere al"o po"ted on t e mar"o/eb /eb"ite be(ore t e /or2" op& !e de(initely /ant input into t e ne1t /or2" op& 6Matt )olombe27 * e ne1t /or2" op /ill ave (ar more in(ormation on t e nitty ,ritty en,ineerin, a"pe+t" / i+ /ere 2ept "eparate (rom t i" /or2" op to i"olate t e "+ien+e vote&

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(? 2han' you for putting up the PowerPoint presentations so rapidly on "arsowe#$ 6'o n )rant7 )inny )uli+2 and *rent Hare are re"pon"ible (or t at& (*ac' +ustard Can we go #ac' to the =fever chart> for a "inute? 2he first seven 8uestions are the ones that should "a'e a significant difference) whereas the last A 8uestions relate to ha#ita#ility and preservation$ 6Matt )olombe27 0ven i( you only loo2 at t e (ir"t "even Fue"tion", t e re"ult" on t e (ever + art are "till t e "ame a" t e overall trend& 6'o n )rant7 * e di((eren+e bet/een \; and \I are "mall and mi, t "/it+ pla+e"& Eut t e di((eren+e bet/een \1 and \7 i" real, a" i" t e di((eren+e bet/een \2 and \M& (Steve Ruff 2he voting process forces our views into the views e-pressed on the fever chart$ !hy didn0t we ran' these sites ?%I in ter"s of our personal preference? ;ou0re forced to respond to each 8uestion that "ay not #e ger"ane to how you factor the vote$ 6Matt )olombe27 !e /anted a more "y"temati+ vote ba"ed on t e ,oal" o( t e mi""ion& (Steve Ruff !hat "ore did we learn and how will that ulti"ately affect the fever chart? 6'o n )rant7 !e +an4t ,ive you an an"/er to t at& * at /a" t e rea"on (or po"tin, t e"e Fue"tion" be(ore t e /or2" op& 6Matt )olombe27 !e are not intere"ted in your (avorite "ite& !e are intere"ted in o/ you t in2 ea+ "ite relate" to t e ,oal" o( t e mi""ion& 6Horton <e/"om7 !e /ill (o+u" on / at additional /or2 need" to be done on parti+ular "ite"& Some top "ite" (ell do/n a bit and /e need to pay more attention to t em be(ore (inal de+i"ion i" made& $ t in2 /e +olle+ted u"e(ul data& 6'o n )rant7 * i" i" not t e de+i"ion& * i" i" "omet in, t at (a+tor" into t e de+i"ion& (Pan 7re the sites that got reds and yellows off the ta#le at this point? 6Matt )olombe27 At t e ne1t landin, "ite /or2" op in April, it /ill be o( t e do/n "ele+ted t ree ba"ed on t e +on+atenation o( t e en,ineerin, +on"traint" and t e "+ien+e& 6'o n )rant7 Di"+u""ion" /ill not in+lude t e bottom t/o "ite" relative to / at /e "ee (or t e ot er (ive& 6#an7 * e point i" to ,ive you t e "+ienti(i+ input& 6'o n )rant7 My ,ue"" i" t at t ere /ill be a " oot-out bet/een 0ber"/alde and Holden "in+e bot are at ;0 de,ree" "out & 6Matt )olombe27 8ne "ite a" all t e "+ien+e in t e ellip"e& 6'o n )rant7 !e4re elpin, evaluate t e "+ien+e, and t at in(ormation ,et" put into t e @ opper&A * e "+ienti(i+ +ommunity voted amon, relative eFual" and t i" i" t e re"ult& * ere are lot" o( "ituation" t at mi, t lead to di((erent "ite" bein, pi+2ed& 8ur 9ob /a" to "ay o/ /e (elt about t e"e di((erent "ite" in di((erent area"& 6'o n )rant7 Nou ave to /ei, t e +ompellin, nature o( t e "+ien+e in t e ellip"e v"& o/ (ar t e +ompellin, "+ien+e i" out"ide o( t e ellip"e&

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6!at2in"7 !e don4t 2no/ e1a+tly o/ it4" ,oin, to play out at t i" point& * ere /ill be more in(ormation and /e4ll ta2e it a" it +ome"& 6'o n )rant7 Steve, you4re ri, t i( it4" literal& Eut /e4re not "plittin, air" t at (inely at t i" point& $ don4t t in2 t at /ould ave altered / ere t e"e "ite" ended up& (Charles ,ow can you differentiate #etween ,olden and E#erswalde? 6'o n )rant7 $t4" ,oin, to ave to appen, but /e are not avin, t at +onver"ation ri, t no/& $t4" not 9u"t t e #S) input, t ey /ill put a layer over t e top o( t i"& (Charles !ith two sites at the sa"e latitude) would you want to vote #etween the"? 6'o n )rant7 * e +ommunity (eel" t at bot 0ber"/alde and Holden are +ompellin, and / i+ ever one ,oe" (or/ard /ill be o2ay& (+ichael !ere there any that were diverged in the vote? &i"odal votes? 6Matt )olombe27 <o& (*a"es !rey 3f we disagree with fever chart) can we de#ate it right now? 6'o n )rant7 Nou +an provide u" input but /e are not ,oin, to vote a,ain& (*a"es !rey Should we tal' a#out parts of the chart that should #e re%evaluated? (,ugh 3f you have constructive feed#ac' on the process) those should #e e-pressed? 6'o n )rant7 !e appre+iate t at a lot o( people are ere on t eir o/n dime and /e realiBe t at it4" ard to devote a lot o( time be"ide" in t e landin, "ite meetin," t em"elve"& $n t at /ay it i" "ometime" ard to ,et (eedba+2& 2oc(mentation of the Third MSL Landing Site Meeting * e"e meetin, note" /ere +ompiled durin, t e meetin, by S aron !il"on #urdy o( t e Smit "onian $n"titution 6purdy"%"i&edu7 and 'enni(er )ri((e" o( Cal *e+ 6,ri((e"%,p"&+alte+ &edu7& * i" do+ument +apture" t e pre"entation" and di"+u""ion" t rou, out t e /or2" op5 not in, /a" purpo"ely omitted and t ere /a" no intention to mi"repre"ent any o( t e parti+ipant4" +omment"&

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