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T. S. li ot Tradition, Language, Voices and Structure

To begin with, the idea of Myth is extremely releant in liot s
wor since he uses it throughout it. n the Waste Land the
Quest Myth is at the core of it. Moreoer, in the 1919 essay The
tradition and the indiidual talent , liot praises the literary
tradition and the sense of continuity within it, reinforcing the
idea of the importance of the literary past and its integration
to the contemporary poetry. Howeer, he argues that the literary
nowledge must be used in moderation and its means must be the
enlightenment of the reader. n Waste Land, for instance, we see
how tradition is mixed with scenes from modern life (collage.

So liot criticized Romantics because all changed with their
appearance. They prooed disintegration with their emphasis on
motion. He rewrites the canon becoming more interested in
tradition. He pursues the tradition of the poetic language
performed by Wordsworth& etc. liot as well as poets lie Yeats
or Wordsworth fear isolation. The isolation refers to the way a
complicated or elaborated language that poets use may isolate
them from the people because they might not understand or now
it. So, he praises the Metaphysical poets who made no diision
between feeling/emotion and intellect/ thought. He refers to it
as a unity of being which inoles no separation between
important aspects of human mind.

liot tals about a different poetic language but still taes
into account the reolution of poetic language performed by
Wordsworth (as a Man speaing to men. en so, the image of the
Romantic poet is different from the image of the man speaing to
men, een though Wordsworth means it. The Romantic poet
distinctiely has a special power that is isionary and
prophetic. liot reects all this ind of powers. He performs a
de-mystification of the figure of the poet. The poem is the only
way to get in contact with a disillusioned post war world. The
poem is the hope that remains. Moreoer, the poem does not
represent reality or any ind of it. t is ust a poetic game and
the poet only expresses a state of mind.

n the Preludes, liot uses a simple and ordinary language;
howeer this language is filled with septicism and irony and is
used not in an ordinary way. liot wants to create an impact on
the reader with his images, thus, for instance the idea that the
eening settles down it is not ordinary use of language though
in this context. t adds normality and calmness to the idea of
eening after a time of some turbulent happenings. Comparing it
with the first line of the Prelude the morning comes to
consciousness & we hae a contrast between an unconscious and a
progressiely conscious lyric oice.

There is a parallelism between the Preludes and and the
beginning of the The Loe Song of J. Alfred Prufroc. n the
beginning of The Loe Song of J. Alfred Prufroc, there is a
and a You, howeer in the beginning of the Preludes there is a
alienation and a progressie conscious lyric oice in the Prelude
and an extremely conscious one in the Prelude . The final
images and then the lightning of the lamps and the gap between
the preious lines and the last lines is also used to create a
certain effect on the reader, this is mainly a contrast between
the natural and the artificial world. Howeer, the image of the
artificial world is not necessarily a negatie ision towards the
modern life. t is ust a glimpse into the reality and an attempt
to enter the reader s consciousness throughout this image.

Moreoer, the use of the image the burnt-out ends of smoy days
is also ery interesting. t refers to the concentrated
definition of eeryday modern life and the passing of time. t
refers to the life quicly and meaningless burning/wasting itself
as the cigarettes. The days in a industrialized world that burn
quicly lie cigarettes because of monotony and the damaging
effects industrialization. Burn out suggesting also
fragmentation of human life.
Fragmentation is ery recurrent in liot s poetry, as we see in
Waste land that many fragments which echo an academic wor or a
canonical literary text. For instance, the excerpt at the
begginig of the Waste Land is from the Satiricon of Petronius.
The Cumaean Sibyl to whom the excerpt refers is the prophetic old
woman (the most famous of the Sibyls from the Gree mythology.
Mythology plays a releant part in liot s creation. The Quest
myth is present in the Waste Land, as the Fisher King quests a
night to find a grail or the Journey of the Magi in the The
Hollow Men .

Finally, liot mixes natural images with the industrial
/artificial ones as in for instance steams and stamps and
withered leaes about your feet/And newspapers from acant
lots . The result of this image shows the mechanization of
natural things. The natural obects are turned and treated
inoluntarily as machines. The newspapers are lie leaes and
the horses , steam . t represents the artificiality of the
natural world in the industrialized city and the progressie
mechanization and dehumanization. t is common and ordinary
language that the reader will instantly understand, howeer this
language is used in an uncommon way- a de-familiarization is
produced. t is the artificiality inading the natural life.

There are three periods in T.S. liot's life as a writer, each of
them characterised by one or other influences. Nonetheless,
regarding the lyric oice, we hae many coincidences among them.
For instance, in most poems, lie The Loe Song of J. Alfred
Prufroc second period , The Waste Land third period or
Journey of the Magi fourth period , we do not find a single
lyric oice, but fragments of different oices belonging to
different entities and deliering a diersity of consciousnesses
that in their interrelation mae it possible to glimpse reality.
Thus, liot's poetry fragments all inds of bodies, independently
of their characteristics, which maes these characteristics, for
instance gender, ambiguous.

The fragmentation of oices brings about, or rather is brought
about by the fragmentation of life and scenes sordid parts of a
city, the gesture of taing a hat , the feeling of haing
hundred indecisions .... These scenes and points of iew can be
combined so that order emerges from the whole poem helping us
glimpse the reality beyond the fragments. Nonetheless, sometimes
there is a gap lie the one in the first stanza of the prelude,
which is there in form and in content that helps us see this
glimpse because is a isionary moment for the poetic oice. This
isionary moment is negatie and refers to something ironic,
sordid or ust unromantic. Besides, the sublime and solemnity of
the romantic moment disappears from this ision.

There is a predominant self-awareness, sometimes extreme, which
is emphasised by the impossibility of deepening in the
relationship with other indiiduals. Furthermore, the use of
quotations in some poems spreads the number of oices. These
quotations sere to liot's modernist purposes for instance in
The Waste Land, the those are pearls that were his eyes comes
from The Tempest , but the magic so gracefully painted in
Shaespeare's wor is here transformed in a trifling, ulgar act.
His oices are therefore usually plunged in modernist insights,
lie irony when comparing for instance decayed present and
glorious past in The Waste Land , the predominance of decayed
settings, anti-romanticism, pessimism lie in the last erse of
The Song of Alfred Prufroc when human oices wae up, we drown
, as if the heroes were only possible in dreams, shallowness
we are superficial actor in our relationships with others ,

Sometimes the reader faces dialogues and sometimes dramatic
monologues. n Portrait of a Lady and in La Figlia che
Piange , for instance, there are dialogues between poetic oices,
one from a male and one from a female, the female is usually
described and mangled by male oices, who at the same time, are
sometimes distorted by the females in The Loe Song of Alfred
J. Prufroc , when a oice says of their eyes eyes that fix you
in a formulated phrase .

The structure of liot's poems is connected with their essence.
n The Waste Land it emphasises the circularity of time. He uses
chiasmuses and pastiches that confer originality to the poems,
parallelisms, repetitions used for instance to introduce dullness
in the Preludes , constant alliterations to emphasise or to
create a special atmosphere, quotations that destroy the
possibility of there being a narratie poetic oice, internal
rhymes that add a particular melody to the poem... all these
formal deices go hand in hand with content; its function and
effect cannot be separated from the content of the words
indiidually, of groups of words and of the whole poem. n fact,
liot himself said that Poetry begins, dare say, with a saage
beating a drum in a ungle, and it retains that essential of
percussion and rhythm. There is also place for cacophony in his
poetry, lie in the case of Sweeney Agonistes' Hoo ha ha Hoo ha
ha Hoo Hoo Hoo KNOCK KNOCK KNOCK KNOCK KNOCK KNOCK KNOCK KNOCK
KNOCK . He used mainly blan erse but sometimes also free erse.
n terms of structure, therefore, it happens the same with poetic
oices it is fragmented. n this way, we hae The Waste Land,
which changes from blan erse, to song, to what seems to be
speech.
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