Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Planimetric Maps
Show only the horizontal position of geographic and cultural features Do not show topographic features Show accurate horizontal distances Plan view
Hypsometric Maps
Show landscape relief Use Contours, Shading, Hachures, 3D Grids
Topographic Maps
Contain elements from both Planimetric and Hypsometric maps
Methods of Topographic Mapping Aerial Photogrammetric Methods -Large Areas, Small scale
GPS Methods
Hydrographic Mapping
Specific Types of Maps: - World Maps - Highway/Road Maps - Land-Use Maps - Natural Resource Maps - Navigational Charts - Property Maps - Census Maps - Maps for the Blind (tactile)...
Time Zones
ROAD MAP
93
91.7 92 93
93.6 94
95.1
95
Tachymetry Survey
Introduction
Tachymetry survey obtains the position and height of the points. The purpose is to produce the details plan. There are two different method: The Stadia System The Electronic System (Normally using Total Station nowadays) The tachymetry equipments: Theodolite (Optic or digital) Staff Survey tape Tripod
Reading have been recorded: Zenith/Vertical angle Stadia reading: Up, Intermediate and Down. Height of the instrument. Horizontal angle (bearing)
telescope
D X
S h V
I
i
H = 100 S Cos2 V = (100 S Sin 2) ALB = ALA + i V m V =Zenith distance = vertical angle H = Horizontal distance. i = Instrument height. S = Up reading Stadia minus down reading Stadia. m = Intermediate reading Stadia. ALA = Level value of point A ALB = Level value of point B
Example: Staff position 1 has been observed from A with = 300, s = 0.75m and mid reading is 1.41m. Thus, what is the reduced level of position 1? Given, the height of Point A is 27.38m.
H = (100 x 0.75) cos2 3 = 74.8m V = (100 x 0.75) sin 6/2 = 3.92m Reduced Level Position 1 = 27.38 + 3.92 1.41 = 29.89m
Tachymetry Survey
The Electronic System Survey Equipments: Total Station / Theodolite & EDM Prism and Pole Tape Tripod The needed reading: Horizontal angle (bearing) Horizontal distance Instrument height of survey instruments: Total Station and Pole.
D i A H B T V
Tachymetry Survey