Vher Sison BSN-1

NCM100 Lab

11/2013 Mam Samosa

What Are the Benefits of Breastfeeding for Baby? Breast milk provides the ideal nutrition for infants. It has the perfect mix of vitamins, protein, and fat -- everything your infant needs to grow. And it's all provided in a form more easily digested than infant formula. Breast milk contains antibodies that help your baby fight off viruses and bacteria. Breastfeeding reduces your baby's risk of having asthma or allergies. Babies who are breastfed exclusively for the first six months, without any formula, have fewer ear infections, respiratory illnesses, and bouts of diarrhea. They also have fewer hospitalizations and trips to the doctor. Breastfeeding has been linked to higher IQ scores in later childhood in some studies. The physical closeness, skin-to-skin touching, and eye contact all help your baby bond with you and feel secure. Breastfed infants are more likely to gain the right amount of weight as they grow rather than become overweight children. The AAP says breastfeeding plays a role in the prevention of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). It's been thought to lower the risk of diabetes, obesity, and certain cancers as well but more research is needed to confirm these findings. Are There Breastfeeding Benefits for the Mother? Breastfeeding burns extra calories, so it can help you lose pregnancy weight faster.It releases the hormone oxytocin, which helps your uterus return to its pre-pregnancy size and may reduce uterine bleeding after birth. Breastfeeding lowers your risk of breast and ovarian cancer. It may also lower your risk of osteoporosis. Since you don't have to buy and measure formula, sterilize nipples, or warm bottles, breastfeeding saves you time and money. Deciding to breastfeed provides you with regular time for relaxing quietly with your newborn as you grow close and emotionally bond. References: http://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/breastfeeding-9/nursing-basics

Pregnancy Exercises Wall push-ups Start your pregnancy exercises with wall pushups, which work the pectoral muscles in the front of your chest wall and the triceps muscles in the back of your upper arm. Stand up facing a wall. Then lean against the wall with your hands. Keep your knees comfortably apart. Place your hands on the wall at the level of your shoulders, slightly greater than shoulder-width apart. Slowly bend your elbows and lower your chest until your chin reaches the wall. Remember to keep your back straight. Then return to the starting position. Gradually work up to 15 repetitions.

Squats with fitness ball Squatting during labor even for short amounts of time helps open your pelvic outlet and allows more room for your baby to descend. Practicing squats now will make it easier to squat during labor. Try squats with a fitness ball. Stand up straight with a fitness ball behind your back and against the wall, your feet about shoulder-width apart. Slide down the wall until your knees reach a 90-degree angle, being careful to keep your heels flat on the floor. If you can't bend your knees to a 90degree angle, simply go as low as you can then return to the starting position. Gradually work up to 10 repetitions.

Vher Sison BSN-1

NCM100 Lab

11/2013 Mam Samosa

Leg lifts To strengthen your back and abdominal muscles, try leg lifts. Start on your hands and knees, keeping your arms straight and your hands directly beneath your shoulders. Lift your right knee, then straighten your leg behind you ending with the raised leg parallel to the floor. Repeat on the other side. Gradually work up to 10 repetitions on both sides.

Step-ups To do a step-up, you'll need a small step stool or you can stand in front of the stairs. Position yourself near a wall or railing for extra balance or support, if needed. Pushing primarily through your lead foot, lift your body up onto the step. Then step backward to the starting position. Alternate your lead foot each time you step up. When you're doing step-ups, remember to keep your back straight and plant your foot entirely on the step. Do as many repetitions as you can, depending on your fitness level. Stop when you're fatigued or your form begins to suffer.

Side planks The side plank challenges your stability and works the muscles along the side of your body. To do the side plank, lie on your left side and raise yourself onto your left forearm. Place your left shoulder directly above your left elbow, keeping your shoulders, hips and knees in alignment. Rest your right arm along the side of your body. Hold for several seconds, then lower yourself to the floor. Gradually work up to 10 repetitions. Repeat on the other side. Reference: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pregnancy-exercises/MY01424&slide=3

Newborn screening tests Newborn screening tests look for developmental, genetic, and metabolic disorders in the newborn baby. This allows steps to be taken before symptoms develop. Most of these illnesses are very rare, but can be treated if caught early. The types of newborn screening tests that are done vary from state to state. Most states require three to eight tests. Some organizations such as the March of Dimes and the American College of Medical Genetics suggest more than two dozen additional tests.

Vher Sison BSN-1

NCM100 Lab

11/2013 Mam Samosa

The most thorough screening panel checks for about 40 disorders. All 50 states screen for congenital hypothyroidism, galactosemia, and phenylketonuria (PKU). In addition to the newborn screening blood test, a hearing screen is recommended for all newborns. How the Test is Performed Screenings are done using the following methods: Blood tests: A few drops of blood are taken from the babys heel. The blood is sent to a lab for analysis. Hearing test: A health care provider will place a tiny earpiece or microphone in the infants ear. Another method uses electrodes that are put on the babys head while the baby is quiet or asleep.

How to Prepare for the Test There is no preparation needed for newborn screening tests. The tests are done when the baby is between 24 hours and 7 days old. Most of the time, screens are done before the baby goes home from the hospital. How the Test Will Feel The baby will most likely cry when his or her heel is pricked to get the blood sample. Studies have shown that babies whose mothers hold them skin-to-skin or breastfeed them during the procedure show less distress. Wrapping the baby tightly in a blanket, or offering a pacifier dipped in sugar water, may also help ease pain and calm the baby. The hearing test should not cause the baby to feel pain, cry, or respond. Why the Test is Performed Screening tests do not diagnose illnesses. They show which babies need more testing to confirm or rule out illnesses. If follow-up testing confirms that the child has a disease, treatment can be started, before symptoms appear. Screening tests are used to detect a number of disorders. Some of these include: Amino acid metabolism disorders Biotinidase deficiency Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Congenital hypothyroidism Cystic fibrosis Fatty acid metabolism disorders Galactosemia Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) Human immunodeficiency disease (HIV) Organic acid metabolism disorders

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007257.html

Vher Sison BSN-1

NCM100 Lab

11/2013 Mam Samosa

Anthrax Vaccination
Pronounced (An-thraks)
There is a vaccine to prevent anthrax, but it is not yet available for the general public. Anyone who may be exposed to anthrax, including certain members of the U.S. armed forces, laboratory workers, and workers who may enter or re-enter contaminated areas, may get the vaccine. Also, in the event of an anthrax attack, people exposed would get the vaccine.

Varicella (Chickenpox) Vaccination

Varicella (chickenpox) is a highly contagious disease that is very uncomfortable and sometimes serious. The chickenpox vaccine is the best protection against chickenpox. The vaccine is made from weakened varicella virus that produces an immune response in your body that protects you against chickenpox. The chickenpox vaccine was licensed for use in the United States in 1995. Since then, the vaccine has become widely used. Thanks to the chickenpox vaccine, the numbers of people who get chickenpox each year as well as hospitalizations and deaths from chickenpox have gone down dramatically in the United States.

Diphtheria Vaccination
Pronounced (dif-THEER-ee-a)
Diphtheria causes a thick covering in the back of the throat. It can lead to breathing problems, paralysis, heart failure, and even death. There are several combination vaccines used to prevent diphtheria: DTaP, Tdap, DT, and Td.

Hib Vaccination
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine prevents meningitis (an infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord), pneumonia (lung infection), epiglottitis (a severe throat infection), and other serious infections caused by a type of bacteria called Haemophilus influenzae type b. It is recommended for all children younger than 5 years old in the US, and it is usually given to infants starting at 2 months old. The Hib vaccine can be combined with other vaccines. Some brands of vaccine contain Hib along with other vaccines in a single shot. Hib vaccine can safely be combined with other vaccines to make these combination vaccines.

HPV Vaccination
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that is spread through sexual contact. Most of the time HPV has no symptoms so people do not know they have it.

Vher Sison BSN-1

NCM100 Lab

11/2013 Mam Samosa

There are approximately 40 types of genital HPV. Somes types can cause cervical cancer in women and can also cause other kinds of cancer in both men and women. Other types can cause genital warts in both males and females. The HPV vaccine works by preventing the most common types of HPV that cause cervical cancer and genital warts. It is given as a 3-dose vaccine.

Seasonal Influenza (Flu) Vaccination

Pronounced (in-floo-EN-za)
The single best way to protect against the flu is to get vaccinated each year. The trivalent flu vaccine protects against two influenza A viruses and an influenza B virus. The following trivalent flu vaccines are available:

Standard dose trivalent shots that are manufactured using virus grown in eggs. These are approved for people ages 6 months and older. There are different brands of this type of vaccine, and each is approved for different ages. However, there is a brand that is approved for children as young as 6 months old and up. A standard dose trivalent shot containing virus grown in cell culture, which is approved for people 18 and older. Cell-based Flu Vaccines: Questions and Answers

A standard dose trivalent shot that is egg-free, approved for people 18 through 49 years of age. Flublok Seasonal Influenza (Flu) Vaccination: Questions and Answers A high-dose trivalent shot, approved for people 65 and older. Fluzone High-Dose Seasonal Influenza Vaccine: Questions and Answers A standard dose intradermal trivalent shot, which is injected into the skin instead of the muscle and uses a much smaller needle than the regular flu shot, approved for people 18 through 64 years of age.

The quadrivalent flu vaccine will protect against two influenza A viruses and two influenza B viruses. The following quadrivalent flu vaccines will be available:

A standard dose quadrivalent shot Quadrivalent Flu Vaccine Fact Sheet A standard dose quadrivalent flu vaccine, given as a nasal spray, approved for healthy* people 2 through 49 years of age

Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination

Pronounced (in-cef-a-LY-tis)
Travelers: Japanese encephalitis vaccine is NOT recommended for all travelers to Asia. In general, vaccine should be offered to persons spending a month or longer in endemic areas during the transmission season, especially if travel will include rural areas.

Vher Sison BSN-1

NCM100 Lab

11/2013 Mam Samosa

Measles Vaccination
Pronounced (MEE-zills)
Measles is the most deadly of all childhood rash/fever illnesses. The disease spreads very easily, so it is important to protect against infection. To prevent measles, children (and some adults) should be vaccinated with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Two doses of this vaccine are needed for complete protection. Children should be given the first dose of MMR vaccine at 12 to 15 months of age. The second dose can be given 4 weeks later, but is usually given before the start of kindergarten at 4 to 6 years of age.

Meningococcal Vaccination
Pronounced (muh-nin-jo-cok-ul)
Meningococcal vaccines protect against most types of meningococcal disease, although they do not prevent all cases. There are two kinds of vaccines that protect against Neisseria meningitidis available in the United States: meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Menomune), and meningococcal conjugate vaccine

Mumps Vaccination
Use of mumps vaccine (usually administered in measles-mumps-rubella [MMR] or measles-mumpsrubella-varicella [MMRV] vaccines) is the best way to prevent mumps. Children should be given the first dose of mumps vaccine soon after their first birthday (12 to 15 months of age). The second dose is recommended before the start of kindergarten. You should know that outbreaks of mumps still occur in the United States.

Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Vaccination

Pronounced (per-TUS-iss)
Whooping cough known medically as pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection. Although it initially resembles an ordinary cold, whooping cough may eventually turn more serious, particularly in infants. The best way to prevent it is through vaccinations. The childhood vaccine is called DTaP. The whooping cough booster vaccine for adolescents and adults is called Tdap. Both DTaP and Tdap protect against whooping cough, tetanus, and diphtheria.

Pneumococcal Vaccination
Pronounced (noo-muh-KOK-uhl)
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13)is recommended for all children younger than 5 years old and for adults with certain risk factors. Children 2 years or older who are at high risk of pneumococcal disease should also receive thepneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). All adults 65 or older and those 19 or older with risk factors should receive PPSV23.

Vher Sison BSN-1

NCM100 Lab

11/2013 Mam Samosa

Polio Vaccination
Pronounced [PO-lee-oh]
Polio is an infectious disease caused by a virus that lives in the throat and intestinal tract. It is most often spread through person-to-person contact with the stool of an infected person and may also be spread through oral/nasal secretions. Polio used to be very common in the United States and caused severe illness in thousands of people each year before polio vaccine was introduced in 1955. Most people infected with the polio virus have no symptoms; however, for the less than 1% who develop paralysis it may result in permanent disability and even death.

There are two types of vaccine that protect against polio: inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and oral polio vaccine (OPV). IPV is given as an injection in the leg or arm, depending on the patient's age. Polio vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines. Most people should get polio vaccine when they are children. Children get 4 doses of IPV at these ages: 2 months, 4 months, 6-18 months, and a booster dose at 4-6 years. OPV has not been used in the United States since 2000 but is still used in many parts of the world.

Rabies Vaccination
Pronounced (RAY-beez)
Preexposure vaccination is recommended for persons in high-risk groups, such as veterinarians, animal handlers, and certain laboratory workers. Although preexposure vaccination does not eliminate the need for additional medical attention after a rabies exposure, it can decrease the number of vaccine doses needed, and it minimizes adverse reactions to multiple doses of vaccine.

Rotavirus Vaccination
Pronounced "row-tuh-virus"
Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis (vomiting and severe diarrhea) among children worldwide. Two different rotavirus vaccines are currently licensed for infants in the United States. The vaccines are RotaTeq (RV5) and Rotarix (RV1). Before being licensed, both vaccines were tested in clinical trials and shown to be safe and effective. In these studies, during approximately the first year of an infants life, rotavirus vaccine was found to prevent almost all (85% to 98%) rotavirus illness episodes that were severe and to prevent 74% to 87% of all rotavirus illness episodes.

Rubella (German Measles) Vaccination

Pronounced (rue-BELL-a)
The rubella vaccine is a live attenuated (weakened) virus which is usually given as part of the MMR vaccine (protecting against measles, mumps, and rubella). MMR is recommended at 12-15 months (not earlier) and a second dose when the child is 4-6 years old (before kindergarten or 1st grade).

Rubella vaccination is particularly important for non-immune women who may become pregnant because of the risk for serious birth defects if they acquire the disease during pregnancy

Vher Sison BSN-1

NCM100 Lab

11/2013 Mam Samosa

Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Vaccination

Shingles is a painful localized skin rash often with blisters that is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. Anyone who has had chickenpox can develop shingles because VZV remains in the nerve cells of the body after the chickenpox infection clears and VZV can reappear years later causing shingles. Shingles most commonly occurs in people 50 years old or older, people who have medical conditions that keep the immune system from working properly, or people who receive immunosuppressive drugs.

Shingles vaccine is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) to reduce the risk of shingles and its associated pain in people 60 years old or older. See MMWR: Prevention of Shingles (and corrections.)

Smallpox Vaccination
The smallpox vaccine helps the body develop immunity to smallpox. The smallpox vaccine contains the live vaccinia virusnot dead virus like many other vaccines. For that reason, the vaccination site must be cared for carefully to prevent the virus from spreading. Also, the vaccine can have side effects. Currently, the United States has a big enough stockpile of smallpox vaccine to vaccinate everyone in the U.S. in the event of a smallpox emergency.