QUIZ CHAPTER 13 ANATOMY Ans. 1. mixed 2. sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neuron, effector 3.

true 4. false 5. c 6. c 7. a 8. c 9. d 10. e 11. a 12. d 13. (a) 1, (b) 8, (c) 4, (d) 2, (e) 11, (f) 1, (g) 6, (h) 5, (i) 3, (j) 9, (k) 1, (l) 12, (m) 7, (n) 2, (o) 10 14. (a) 14, (b) 12, (c) 13, (d) 1, (e) 2, (f) 5, (g) 11, (h) 8, (i) 10, (j) 9, (k) 15, (l) 4, (m) 7, (n) 3, (o) 6 15. (a) 2, (b) 1, (c) 3, (d) 4, (e) 1, (f) 5, (g) 3, (h) 2, (i) 4, (j) 1, (k) 2, (l) 4, (m) 3, (n) 5, (o) 1 Fill in the blanks in the following statements. 1. Because they contain both sensory and motor axons, spinal nerves are considered to be _____ nerves. mixed 2. The five components of a reflex arc, in order from the beginning to the end, are (1) _____, (2) _____, (3) _____, (4) _____, and (5) _____. sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neuron, effector Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. 3. Gray matter of the spinal cord contains somatic motor and sensory nuclei, autonomic motor and sensory nuclei, and functions to receive and integrate both incoming and outgoing information. true 4. The epidural space is located between the wall of the vertebral canal and the pia mater. false Choose the one best answer to the following questions. 5. Which of the following is not true? (1) Dermatomes are areas of the body that are stimulated by motor neurons exiting specific spinal nerves. (2) The stretch reflex helps to maintain muscle tone. (3) The Achilles reflex is an example of a stretch reflex. (4) The abdominal reflex is used to diagnose problems with autonomic reflexes. (5) Spinal nerves T2T12 do not enter into the formation of a plexus. (a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 5 (c) 1 and 4 (d) 1, 3, and 5 (e) 1, 3, and 4 6. While identifying and labeling cadaver muscles, your lab partner accidentally pokes your finger with a pin. Place the following steps in the correct order from beginning to end of your bodys response. (1) Impulses travel through anterior (ventral) root of spinal nerve(s). (2) Sensory neuron relays impulse to spinal cord. (3) Motor impulses reach muscles, causing withdrawal of the affected limb. (4) Integrating centers interpret sensory impulses, and then generate motor impulses. (5) Sensory receptor activated by stimulus. (6) Impulse travels through posterior (dorsal) root of spinal nerve. (a) 5, 3, 6, 4, 1, 2 (b) 5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3 (c) 5, 2, 6, 4, 1, 3 (d) 3, 5, 1, 2, 4, 6 (e) 2, 1, 5, 4, 6, 3 7. The connective tissue surrounding each individual axon is (a) endoneurium. (b) epineurium. (c) perineurium. (d) fascicle. (e) arachnoid mater. 8. The tracts of the posterior column are involved in (1) conscious proprioception. (2) touch, (3) pain, (4) thermal sensations, (5) pressure, (6) vibration. (a) 1, 2, 4, and 5 (b) 2, 4, and 6 (c) 1, 2, 5, and 6 (d) 3, 4, 5, and 6 (e) 1, 3, 5, and 6 9. Which of the following is a motor tract?

(a) posterior spinocerebellar (b) lateral spinothalamic (c) anterior spinocerebellar (d) lateral corticospinal (e) posterior column 10. Cutting the posterior root of a spinal nerve would (a) interfere with the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. (b) impair motor control of skeletal muscles. (c) interfere with the ability of the brain to transmit motor impulses. (d) impair motor control of organs. (e) interfere with the flow of sensory impulses. 11. Which of the following statements is false? (a) The two main spinal cord sensory paths are the spinothalamic and anterior columns. (b) The spinothalamic tracts convey impulses for sensing pain, temperature, itching, and tickling. (c) Direct pathways convey nerve impulses destined to cause precise, voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. (d) Indirect pathways convey nerve impulses that program automatic movements, help coordinate body movements with visual stimuli, maintain skeletal muscle tone and posture, and contribute to equilibrium. (e) The direct pathways are motor pathways. 12. Which of the following are true? (1) The anterior (ventral) gray horns contain cell bodies of neurons that cause skeletal muscle contraction. (2) The gray commissure connects the white matter of the right and left sides of the spinal cord. (3) Cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons are located in the lateral gray horns. (4) Sensory (ascending) tracts conduct motor impulses down the spinal cord. (5) Gray matter in the spinal cord consists of cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, unmyelinated axons, and dendrites of interneurons and motor neurons. (a) 1, 2, 3, and 5 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 2, 3, 4, and 5 (d) 1, 3, and 5 (e) 1, 2, 3, and 4 Match the following (some answers may be used more than once): 13. (a) 1, (b) 8, (c) 4, (d) 2, (e) 11, (f) 1, (g) 6, (h) 5, (i) 3, (j) 9, (k) 1, (l) 12, (m) 7, (n) 2, (o) 10 (a) a reflex resulting in the contraction of a skeletal muscle when it is stretched- stretch reflex (b) receptors that monitor changes in muscle length- muscle spindles (c) a balance-maintaining reflex - crossed extensor reflex (d) operates as a feedback mechanism to control muscle tension by causing muscle relaxation when muscle force becomes too extreme- tendon reflex (e) reflex arc that consists of one sensory and one motor neuron- monosynaptic reflex (f) acts as a feedback mechanism- stretch reflex to control muscle length by causing muscle contraction (g) sensory impulses enter on one side of the spinal cord and motor impulses exit on the opposite side- contralateral reflex arc (h) occurs when sensory nerve impulse travels up and down the spinal cord, thereby activating several motor neurons and more than one effector- intersegmental reflex arc (i) polysynaptic reflex initiated in response to a painful stimulus- flexor (withdrawal) reflex (j) receptors that monitor changes in muscle tension- tendon (Golgi tendon) organs (k) maintains proper muscle tone- stretch reflex (l) reflex pathway that contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons- polysynaptic Reflex (m) motor nerve impulses exit the spinal cord on the same side that sensory impulses entered the spinal cord- ipsilateral reflex arc (n) protects the tendon and muscle from damage due to excessive tension- tendon reflex

(o) a neural circuit that coordinates body movements by causing contraction of one muscle and relaxation of antagonistic muscles or relaxation of a muscle and contraction of the antagonists- reciprocal innervation (1) stretch reflex (2) tendon reflex (3) flexor (withdrawal) reflex (4) crossed extensor reflex (5) intersegmental reflex arc (6) contralateral reflex arc (7) ipsilateral reflex arc (8) muscle spindles (9) tendon (Golgi tendon) organs (10) reciprocal innervation (11) monosynaptic reflex (12) polysynaptic Reflex 14. Match the following: 14. (a) 14, (b) 12, (c) 13, (d) 1, (e) 2, (f) 5, (g) 11, (h) 8, (i) 10, (j) 9, (k) 15, (l) 4, (m) 7, (n) 3, (o) 6 (a) the joining together of the anterior rami of adjacent nerves- plexus (b) spinal nerve branches that serve the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk- posterior (dorsal) ramus (c) spinal nerve branches that serve the muscles and structures of the upper and lower limbs and the lateral and ventral trunkanterior (ventral) ramus (d) area of the spinal cord from which nerves to and from the upper limbs arise- cervical enlargement (e) area of the spinal cord from which nerves to and from the lower limbs arise- lumbar enlargement (f) the roots form the nerves that arise from the inferior part of the spinal cord but do not leave the vertebral column at the same level as they exit the cord- cauda equina (g) contains motor neuron axons and conducts impulses from the spinal cord to the peripheral organs and cells- anterior (ventral) root (h) avascular covering of spinal cord composed of delicate collagen fibers and some elastic fibers- arachnoid mater (i) contains sensory neuron axons and conducts impulses from the peripheral receptors into the spinal cord- posterior (dorsal) root (j) superficial spinal cord covering of dense, irregular connective tissue- dura mater (k) an extension of the pia mater that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx- filum terminale (l) extending the length of the spinal cord, these pia mater thickenings fuse with the arachnoid mater and dura mater and help to protect the spinal cord from shock and sudden displacement- denticulate ligaments (m) thin transparent connective tissue composed of interlacing bundles of collagen fibers and some elastic fibers adhering to the spinal cords surface- pia mater (n) space within the spinal cord filled with cerebrospinal fluid- central canal (o) spinal nerve branch that supplies vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, blood vessels of the spinal cord, and meninges- meningeal branch (1) cervical enlargement (2) lumbar enlargement (3) central canal (4) denticulate ligaments (5) cauda equina (6) meningeal branch (7) pia mater (8) arachnoid mater (9) dura mater (10) posterior (dorsal) root (11) anterior (ventral) root (12) posterior (dorsal) ramus (13) anterior (ventral) ramus (14) plexus (15) filum terminale

15. Match the following: (a) provides the entire nerve supply of the shoulders and upper limbs (b) provides the nerve supply of the skin and muscles of the head, neck, and superior part of the shoulders and chest (c) provides the nerve supply of the anterolateral abdominal wall, external genitals, and part of the lower limbs (d) supplies the buttocks, perineum, and lower limbs (e) formed by the anterior rami of C1C4 with some contribution by C5 (f) formed by anterior rami of S4S5 and coccygeal nerves (g) formed by the anterior rami of L1L4 (h) formed by the anterior rami of C5C8 and T1 (i) formed by the anterior rami of L4L5 and S1S4 (j) phrenic nerve arises from this Plexus (k) median nerve arises from this plexus (l) sciatic nerve arises from this plexus (m) femoral nerve arises from this plexus (n) supplies a small area of skin in coccygeal region (o) injury to this plexus can affect breathing (1) cervical plexus (2) brachial plexus (3) lumbar plexus (4) sacral plexus (5) coccygeal plexus