1. Does Africa need saving or do the saviors need Africa?

2. Dr. Easterly details the conflict between those who favor a transformational and those who favor a marginal approach. Which wo ld yo advocate? !eep in mind that Easterly obvio sly has his own biases and that reso rces have to be provided for anything to even be attempted. " wo ld s pport the marginal approach# transformational approach might not be efficient as we ass me that the mar$et at Africa can be that efficient compared to the ones in E ropean or the %nited &tates 'li$e we send a pac$age and it might be hard for them to decide what goes in what(. "t will merely be an increase in n mbers rather than the act al effect. ). What do testability iss es mean for debates abo t different approaches to development? &ince the testability iss es address the different in goal. Essentially# the debate abo t different approaches is a debate abo t which goal to accomplish? *. +n pages 12 and 1)# Dr. Easterly disc sses some negative statistics related to Africa and disc sses the disparity between them a little bit. ,ight there be any sampling iss es with the first table and what are we to ma$e of his comments abo t -he .o r /orsemen and an obvio sly too real aid constit ency? Were the samples chosen at random? "f they are not randomly chosen# the concl sion for African co ntries might not be valid. "f it is more li$ely to happen in Africa then anywhere on the Earth then Africa0s -he .o r /orsemen are still relatively high. "f his point is that it0s too low# then is it necessary to aid them at all? 1. Do yo believe that Africa is st c$ in a poverty trap and why or why not?

2. +n pages 345 and again on page 26# Easterly 7 otes Abhi8it 9aner8ee. What do yo thin$ of his comments and what do yo thin$ that they mean for development? " thin$ it tal$s the tr th to a large e:tend. ;rowth might not come from what we can control. "t might be several other events or variables that happen to wor$ together. "n order to have growth# it0s not abo t solely p shing# there has to be several improvements that come together to ma$e growth happen.

3. What sho ld we ta$e away from Easterly0s repeated references to the /ailey <eport?

5. <andomi=ed Eval ation is in many ways the c tting edge of c rrent development research. What do yo find to be its strengths and wea$nesses as an approach both for o r nderstanding and practically? &trengths> it meas res the effects directly# less costly# and more ob8ective. Wea$ness> it is not applicable to all sit ations# if there is only one gro p of treatment# then the res lt is not valid# it does not tell s the overall effects of the e:periment# <E does not ta$e into acco nt general e7 ilibri m effects of a marginal aid pro8ect. 6. &everal years ago# when the first anti4retroviral therape tic dr gs were being shipped to &o thern Africa for free distrib tion# a portion of the bo:es were mar$ed with electronic trac$ing devices. -hey were fo nd entering -he ?etherlands ro ghly two wee$s after delivery. &ho ld we be shoc$ed by this? What does it mean for aid? -his has shown the problem of f ngibility. "nstead of being sed for the healthcare p rposes# they can also be e:ported as a good. And th s that wo ld increase ;D@ of the co ntry. -herefore# instead of having a marginal effect on the economy# its marginal effect is distorted and will have a transformational effect b t has not yet been ta$en into acco nt in literat re. 1A. "n a footnote# Easterly points o t that the 9ritish mining companies in Bambia and the ;erman colonial a thority in -an=ania seemed to have little real tro ble controlling malaria# while billions of dollars of aid cannot seem to achieve the same res lts today. " recently heard it said that -he & dan was administered for 1A years by a total of 2AA 9ritish civil servants and soldiers and they provided the best government that the & danese have ever e:perienced. Does this and Easterly0s comment abo t the West ta$ing over the administration of certain basic services lead one to the concl sion that re4coloni=ation is the answer? ?o# at least for me. "n fact# it might be that the government itself is not ready to ta$e care of its own pop lation. As said# development is not 8 st abo t oneself tries to aid the other# it0s abo t the co ntries which received the aids as well. -he aid and the government optimal action have to happen at the same time for growth to happen.

11. When /aiti became independent 2AA years ago# it was prod cing f lly 1AC of the world0s coffee. 9eca se coffee was the prod ct of slave labor and imperial domination# the new government chose to dismantle the plantations and halt the growing of coffee. ,ight a similar radical reorgani=ation of agric lt re e:plain a few things? "t might# in fact# h rt the co ntry if it was their comparative advantage. According to the sit ation# it is clearly that /aiti has the comparative advantage over coffee. 12. -here is a television show called Domm nity# in which 9etty White played the characters0 anthropology teacher. &he disappears to the Democratic <ep blic of Dongo after attac$ing two of her st dents and singing the praises of drin$ing her own rine. 9 t that is completely nrelated to the 7 estion at hand. Are str ct ral ad8 stments a meaningf l advance in policy?

1). ,y friend Erin did her st dy abroad in ,alawi. &he grad ated in 2A1A with a degree in Architect re and spent her time in Africa helping to b ild a school. &he came bac$ with a story of how the principal was charging the st dents t ition even tho gh the school was being f nded by donors. "n %ttar @radesh 'the largest province of "ndia(# it is estimated that 51C of all federal soft spending 'ed cation# health# etc( disappears between being appropriated by the central government and being spent on the gro nd. What do the facts say abo t how corr ption happens and how we may be modeling it? Dorr ption might in fact ta$e over the effects of the aids. "n another word# corr ption represents inefficiency when the aids are introd ced. Dorr ption is in fact a portion in the inefficiency of the aids and by standard deviations. 1*. ,ight better land titling have ma8or positive effects in Africa? Do ld it change the behavior that D flo observed regarding fertili=er sage? "t might in some sense. 9etter land tilting might give the farmers a chance to learn the better technology or methodology from their neighbors. "f we gro p a good farmer with three other farmers who don0t $now the method well together# we will be able to ma:imi=e the effects of fertili=ers. 11. What do yo ma$e of Easterly0s economic interpretation of civil wars# rebellions and genocide?

"nterventions to these matters can also be listed as transformational and marginal approaches. 9 t as we do a collection of those marginal approached programs# we will be able to ma$e the whole system change.