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OFPPT

ROYAUME DU MAROC

Office de la Fo !a"io# P ofe$$io##elle e" de la P o!o"io# d% T a&ail DIRECTION RECHERCHE ET INGNIERIE DE FORMATION

RSUM THORIQUE ' GUIDE DE TRAVAU( PRATIQUES

MODULE

ANGLAIS COMMERCIAL

SECTEUR : TERTIAIRE SPCIALIT : OPERATEUR DE VENTE ET

SERVICES CLIENTELE OFFSHORE

NIVEAU : FORMATION QUALIFIANTE

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Document labor par :

Nom et prnom Mme MAL ! Na"al

EFP #D# $ER$!A!RE E$ $!#

DR DR!F

Rvision linguistique Validation -

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SUMMARY
IIIIIIIVVVIVIII MEETING .5 TELEPHONING.10 COMPANIES...29 REPORTING..37 SOCIALIZING....44 MEETINGS.47 MAKING ARRANGMENTS.50 B!SINESS TRAVEL.."3 READING "7 B!SINESS GLOSSAR#..73

PEOPLE...

VIII- DESCRIBING TRENDS.57 TE TS

ENGLISH$%RENCH %RENCH$ENGLISH

LIST O% !S!AL IRREG!LAR VERBS&" BIBLIOGRAPH#&9

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P'()*+(
This unit aims primarily the trainees in the tertiary and offshoring dies, its an entirely new work as it intends to support the technical learning by providing the necessary background in business English. To keep the unit within the context of tertiary learning, the unit threats the essential functions of business English communication within the company, like telephoning and reporting information, describing and analysing companies trends, writing business letters . ! list of irregular verbs and a business glossary have been listed at the end of the unit to help trainees working as they can use the English"#rench glossary or the #rench"English one. $t is recommended to reach the real aim of this unit, to let trainees communicate in English so that at every step of the unit incite them to speak, to discuss and to express their point of view. %e invite all the interested readers to give us their feedback concerning any side of the unit & the presentation, the structure, the contents ..'

NB, $t is recommended to practice English listening activities , this is why check that the unit
is attached with a () audio for telephoning dialogues.

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I
O-.(+/01( T*232,

MEETING PEOPLE
to meet foreign, contacts and get to know them * * * * to introduce yourself to other people to describe +obs and responsibilities to ask ,uestions about foreign companies to read and write a personal profile

-' )o you know the other people in the class. $ntroduce yourself to everyone. /ood morning. 0y name is .. and $ work for " in 1' )istinguish between a formal and informal situation 2' %orks in groups. 3ractise making introductions, introduce4 a. Two people in a formal situation b. Two people in an informal situation c. 5ourself at a company reception desk d. 5ourself to a new colleague e. 5ourself to a foreign visitor you are meeting at an airport * 6se the following expressions4 . This is 7ow do you do. . This is 8ice to meet you $ have an appointment to see .

0ay $ introduce you to 7ow do you do. )o you know 7ello"7i

/ood morning . 0y name is $ dont think weve met . $m

LANG!AGE 4ORK 90 "

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G(//056 05)7'8*/075, -* #our people are visiting your institute today. look at their business cards and ask and answer ,uestions about them. %hats his"her name. %hat nationality is he"she. %ho does he"she work for. %here does he"she work. %hats his"her position in the company.
SKANESBANKEN BRIGITE SVENSSON DEP!T# MANAGING DIRECTOR
NYBROKAJEN 7 S615146 STOKHOLM TEL : 08 663 50 40 FAX : 08 665 40 55

CHEMA Y PUNTO SA
MARGARITA RIDAL ROMEO Public Relations Officer
Paseo e !a "ASTELLANA #01 MA$R%$ Te! : 1431#687 FAX : 14351314

BSCS
Business Systems Consultancy Services

DEUXMONT FRANCE
#EA$%CLA&DE A&REILLE

DALE CROSB

Tec'nical Director

!ice Presi"ent
13# ',e -.'o)/ &4140 A!0o'*12!!e/ F'a)3e T.!: 33143766#81 Fa+ : 3314376#&#4

104& $e'(e)* SANTA BARBARRA "AL%FORN%A Te!: 805&63&171 Fa+: 805&6#85&3

-* 7ere are some answers, but what are the ,uestions4 * * * * * * * * * * 7ow do you do. 9os: 3ere;. 9.<.=.E $m =panish 8o, $m single $>0 They produce and sell computers The financial department $m an auditor English, =panish and $talian.

Describing Jobs:
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-* =tudy the words in bold type in these sentences. $m * financial controller & *$*5 ?+ob' An engineer $ work )7' !TT $m 05 marketing The chemicals (hemicals (omplete this conversation. 6se a,an,for, and in ! what do you do for living. > $m > <livetti. $m ! $ work > so youre ! yes $m * $m a"an * $ study in .. . * $d like to work for .computers .. .product manager. %hat about you. >alfour >eatty . the construction business. ..engineer ! really. %ho do you work & )7'? employer' & 05? type of work'

1* complete these sentences about yourself.

@ (ountries and nationalities4 -* Toshiba is a 9*:*5(2( & nationality' company. The head,uarters are in 9*:*5 & country' %hat about these companies4 -* 7onda 1* $>0 2* <livetti F* Ericsson G* 8orsk 7ydro A* B<r:al C* Doll*Doyce E* 8estl: 9* =iemens -0*3hilips

1* complete the chart4 90 &

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(ountry 9apan The 6=! =weden

8ationality $talian 8orwegian

#rance >ritish =wit;erland /ermany The 8etherlands S:(*3056, %ork in twos or threes. 5ou are participants at an international conference .Toss a coin to move. heads 4 move one s,uare Tails4 move two s,uares

#ollow the instructions on each s,uare and start a conversation. The first person to finish is the winner.

5ou see an old friend. /reet him"her !sk another person about

8ame three countries which begin with the letter H>I

!sk another person where they come from

$ntroduce two people to one another

!sk another person about their family 8ame two countries where

THE CON%ERENCE GAME

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their company

you bow when you meet someone !sk another person about their hobbies and interests Exchange business cards with another participant =ay Hthank youI in three different languages

8ame four countries you want to visit in holiday !sk another person at the conference what their +ob is $ntroduce yourself to another person at the conference 5ou arrive at the conference hotel. /o to the reception desk and register $ts time to go

!sk another person about the department or division they work in.

START %INISH

home. =ay goodbye to your new friend

S:(*3056, $nterview a partner about learning ob+ectives4 -. 1. 2. F. G. A. %hy do we want to learn English. %ho do they want to communicate with in English. what do they want to practice most4 reading, writing, listening , or speaking. 7ow many hours a week can they spend studying English. what e,uipment and materials do they have to help them learning. what e,uipment and materials do they want to buy.

II
O-.(+/01( T*232 90

TELEPHONING
To make contact and exchange information over the phone * To spell and note down key words and numbers in a telephone 10

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message * * * S/*'/056 +*;;2, =tudy these phrases for starting calls.

IDENTI%#ING 4HO IS SPEAKING SA#ING 4HO #O! 4ANT TO SPEAK TO

To make, agree to, and refuse re,uests To respond to new situations and say what action you will take To write business letters confirming telephone calls.

This is 3aul 7enig. 3aul 7enig speaking. $s that 9ulia /ardini.

(ould $ (an $ $d like to speak to

speak to ..

...

Extension G9A, please. =upply the missing words in these conversations. - 0s >runet 0r Jeller 0s >runet 1 0rs =teiner 0r Jeller 0rs =teiner 2 =witchboard 0r Jeller 0iss )elmont 0r Jeller 0iss )elmont yes, =ales )epartment, good morning. 7elena =teiner, please. 7old on. $ll get her. 7ello, =ales. ..7elena =teiner, please. .. (urtis 7oldings. ..192, please !ccounts )epartment. 9ean )elmont. 7ow can $ help you, 0r Jeller.

T'*52)(''056 05)7'8*/075 -. 8otice these different ways of saying telephone and fax numbers. 9-F20 nine one four three zero nine one four three oh 90 ( American English) ( British English) 11

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6687

six six eight seven double six eight seven

( American English) ( British English)

Exchange your personal end home numbers with a partner. 1. %ork with a partner. Take it in turns to dictate telephone numbers and write them down. 19G0E*FCCAA*9AA0-G*0-G1G2C11FG*029-AA00C1-

PR !"!#$A%$ ! ! %E $n &hone and fax numbers' English s&ea(ers normall) grou& the numbers in threes' not in to*s as in common else*here in Euro&e+ ,-./061 nine one four' three oh six not nine one' four three' oh six+ 2. %hen you transfer information by phone, try not to leave long silences or pauses. These phrases will help you. =tarting (ontinuing #inishing (hecking Deady. 7ave you got that. !nything else. (ould you read that back to me. /o ahead /ot that. Thats all. (ould $ read that back to you.

%ork with a partner. Take it in turns to give each other messages and write them down. <ne person dictates and the other write down.

Phone Paul Carter Tomorrow morning (03) 408-441932

Fax exhibition date to !era in "o Paulo # 00$$ 11 223-3181

Send 200 pieces, ref no. 306/AJ To the Siena factory

R(<=(2/2 -. we use these phrases to ask other people to do things. (an you . (ould you . %ould you ..

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5oure on the phone. %hat do you say in these situations. a. you cant hear the other personK b. you want them to repeat somethingK c. they are speaking to fast. d. you want them to spell a word. e. 5ou want them to transfer to the #inance department. 1. %e can reply to re,uest like this.

A
(ould you... .

B
5es. (ertainly. 5es . <f course

Thank you Thanks

8ot at all 5oure welcome $ta a pleasure

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(an you.... .

$m afraid... $m sorry but... <k it doesnt matter. 8ever mind. $ts not important

3ractise these expressions with a colleague. !sk them to4 a. spell their surname for you. b. Tell you the time c. Tell youre their computer password d. /ive you a lift home tonight. e. Bend you their dictionary f. Bend you some money. VOCAB!LAR# NOTE, 3ut lend or borrow in these ,uestions. (ould $ (ould you .some money. .some money.

8otice we lend to someone and we borrow from someone. =o when we lend, we giveK and when we borrow, we take.

2. we use these phrases to ask if its ok to do things. !sking (an $ (ould you ... .. =aying yes 5es, please do. of course @ yeah, go ahead @@ 7elp yourself. @ informal @@ inviting someone to take something saying no $m afraid $m sorry but

3ractice with a colleague. 5ou are in their office and you want to4 * 90 use their phone 14

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* * * * *

smoke look at their copy of the production plan copy a file on their computer borrow their copy of the Economist borrow their car

F. who makes these re,uest4 a customer & (' or supplier & ='. * * * * * * * * can $ place an order. 0ay $ have your name and company name. (ould you tell me the delivery address. (an you deliver next 0onday. (ould $ have an address for the invoice. (ould you tell me how much it will cost. 0ay $ have a discount. %ould you confirm this order in writing.

%ork with a partner. 0ake up a conversation between a customer and a supplier. 6se as many re,uest as you can. G. work in pairs. <ne person sell computers. The other is a foreign customer who phones. !nswer his in,uiries about your computer the 8(*100. he will ask about. S:(*3056, =it back to back with a partner and act out this telephone calls. (all 4 5our companys new price list are still at the printers. 5ou expect them to arrive today. ! customer calls with a re,uest. %rite down the details. your prices delivery times the guarantee discounts your terms of payment

$nvent your answers. 5ou can agree to or refuse his re,uest.

T(;(:>75(, ;*56=*6(
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NB, T>02 2(+/075 02 1('? 2=0/*-;( )7' 7))2>7'056 @0(2,

I5/'7@=+/075 ! lot of people find it difficult to make phone calls in a foreign language L and thatMs understandable. 5ou canMt see the person you are talking to, their voice might be unclear, and you might find it difficult to find the right words. 0ulti*word verbs <ne thing you can do to improve your telephone skills is to learn some of the multi*word verbs that are commonly used in telephone conversations. 0ost of them are featured in this module. H7;@ 75 means MwaitM L and >*56 75 means MwaitM too. >e careful not to confuse >*56 75 with >*56 =:N H*56 =: means Mfinish the call by breaking the connectionM L in other words4 Mput the phone down.M !nother phrasal verb with the same meaning as >*56 =: is '056 7)). The o&&osite of >*56 =: " '056 7)) is '056 =: L if you '056 278(-7@? =:, you make a phone call. !nd if you :0+3 =: the phone, &or :0+3 the phone =:' you answer a call when the phone rings. O7ang on a second...O $f you are talking to a receptionist, secretary or switchboard operator, they may ask you to >*56 75 while they :=/ you />'7=6> L :=/ />'7=6> means to connect your call to another telephone. %ith this verb, the ob+ect &you, me, him, her etc.' goes in the middle of the verb4 :=/ ?7= />'7=6>. >ut if you canMt 6(/ />'7=6> /7 &contact on the phone' the person you want to talk to, you might be able to leave a message asking them to +*;; you -*+3. C*;; -*+3 means to return a phone call L and if you use an ob+ect &you, me, him, her etc.', it goes in the middle of the verb4 +*;; ?7= -*+3. L(1(; 7) )7'8*;0/? !nother thing to think about when talking on the telephone is )7'8*;0/?. $tMs important to use the right ;(1(; 7) )7'8*;0/? L if you are too formal, people might find it difficult to feel comfortable when they talk to you. <n the other hand, if you are too informal, people might think you are rudeN /enerally speaking, if you are talking to someone in a business context, you should use +7=;@, +*5, 8*? or A7=;@ when you make a re,uest4 BC7=;@ I 2:(*3 /7 9*275 R7-('/2C :;(*2(DB BC*5 I /*3( * 8(22*6(DB B47=;@ 5(E/ 4(@5(2@*? -( 73*?DB. 5ou should also use :;(*2( and />*53 ?7= or />*532 1('? 8=+> whenever you ask for, or receive, help or information. $tMs important to show politeness by using words like A7=;@C +7=;@C :;(*2(C />*53 ?7= etc. >ut itMs also okay to use some of the features of informal"spoken English * short forms, phrasal verbs and words like 73*? and -?( * in other words * everyday EnglishN =o phrases like IB8 7)) /7 * +75)('(5+(...C 57 :'7-;(8C -?(F and >*56 75 * 878(5/ *5@ IB;; :=/ ?7= />'7=6> are perfectly acceptable, as long as the overall tone of the conversation is polite. <ne last tip * itMs better to ask for help or clarification when youMre having a telephone conversation, than to pretend you understand something that you didnMt. $tMs perfectly acceptable to use phrases like BC7=;@ ?7= '(:(*/ />*/C :;(*2(DB BC7=;@ ?7= 2:(*3 * ;0//;( 87'( 2;7A;?C :;(*2(DB and BA7=;@ ?7= 805@ 2:(;;056 />*/ )7' 8( :;(*2(DB 6sing phrases like these will help make sure that you have a successful phone call, and may save you from lots of problems later on. 5ou could always say that />( ;05(B2 1('? -*@ /7@*? if you canMt hear very well. !nd itMs also a good idea to practise words, phrases and vocabulary before you make the callN 90 1"

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T(;(:>75(, +755(+/056
I5/'7@=+/075 This section features phrases you might hear when you telephone a company hoping to talk to someone. T>053 $magine you are calling a company and want to speak to someone who works there. (an you think of any phrases you might use, or that you might hear. !fter youMve thought of five, here are some phrases

L02/(5 8ow listen to two conversations. $n the first conversation Dichard )avies is calling the marketing department of a company and wants to be put through to Dosalind %ilson. $n the second conversation 0ike !ndrews wants to talk to 9ason Doberts in the marketing department. !s you listen, see if you can hear some of the phrases above. Telephone4 connecting C>(+3 =5@('2/*5@056 (heck your understanding by reading the scripts below4 0ichelle4 7ello, youMve reached the marketing department. 7ow can $ help. 0ale4 5es can $ speak to Dosalind %ilson, please. 0ichelle4 %hos calling please. 0ale4 $ts Dichard )avies here 0ichelle4 (ertainly. 3lease hold and $ll put you through. 0ale4 Thank you. 0ichelle4 0ale4 0ichelle4 0ale4 0ichelle4 7ello, marketing. 7ow can $ help. (ould $ speak to 9ason Doberts please. (ertainly. %ho shall $ say is calling. 0y names 0ike !ndrews. 9ust a second * $ll see if hes in. 7ello, 9ason, $ve got 0ike !ndrews on the phone for you ... <J * $ll put him through. 7ang on a momentK $m +ust putting you through.

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T(;(:>75(, 8(22*6(2
I5/'7@=+/075 $n this section weMll learn some phrases you might hear if the person you wish to speak to is busy. I8*605( ?7= A7'3 *2 * '(+(:/07502/ *5@ ?7= '(+(01( * +*;; )7' 278(75( A>7 025B/ />('(. 4>*/ 806>/ />( +*;;(' 2*?C *5@ A>*/ A7=;@ ?7= 2*? 05 '(:;?D !fter youMve thought of some phrases, here are some phrases.

L02/(5 8ow listen to a telephone conversation between the finance department of a company and 9ennifer 0c!ndrews. 9ennifer wants to talk to !drian 7opwood but hes not available so she has to leave a message. !s you listen, see if you can hear some of the phrases above. Telephone4 messages C>(+3 =5@('2/*5@056 (heck your understanding by reading the scripts below4 (laire4 7ello, finance department #emale4 7ello, can $ speak to !drian 7opwood, please. (laire4 $m afraid hes in a meeting at the moment. (an $ help. #emale4 8o $ need to talk to 0r 7opwood, $ think. %hat time will he be out of the meeting. (laire4 $n about an hour. (an you call back later. #emale4 <kay, $ll do that. (laire4 <r can $ take a message. #emale4 !ctually, would you mind. (ould you tell him that 9ennifer 0c!ndrews called and that $m in the office all day if he could call me back. (laire4 (an $ take your number, please. #emale4 5es, its GGGAEC1. (laire4 GGGAEC1. <kay, $ll make sure he gets the message. #emale4 Thanks very much for your help, byeN (laire4 /oodbyeN

T(;(:>75(, A'756 5=8-('

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$f you dial the wrong number it can be confusing and embarrassing. >ut how do you find out that youMve made a mistake. !nd how can you check to be sure. T>053 $magine youMve dialled the wrong number. %hat might the person who answers your call say. %hat would you say in reply. !fter youMve thought of five phrases, 7ere are some phrases .

L02/(5 8ow listen to two more telephone conversations. >oth conversations contain phrases you might hear if you dial a wrong number. !s you listen, see if you can hear some of the phrases above. Telephone4 wrong number C>(+3 =5@('2/*5@056 (heck your understanding by reading the scripts below4 0ale4 7ello, this is the press office. 0ichelle4 Dachel !llsop please. 0ale4 $m sorry, 5ou must have the wrong number. Theres no*one of that name here. 0ichelle4 <h. (an $ check the number $ve got . is that not GGAEC90. 0ale4 8o, its GGGEC90. 0ichelle4 <h sorry about that. $ must have dialled the wrong number. 0ale4 8o problemN >yeN 0ale4 Duth4 0ale4 Duth4 0ale4 Duth4 0ale4 Duth4 7ello, press office, can $ help you. 7ello. 3aul Dichards, please. $m sorry, youve got the wrong number, but he does work here. $ll try and put you through. $n future his direct number is GGGECC0. )id $ not dial that. 8o you rang GGGEC90. <h, sorry to have troubled you. 8o problem. 7ang on a moment and $ll put you through to 3auls extension. Thanks.

T(;(:>75(, *::705/8(5/2
I5/'7@=+/075 90 19

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0aking an appointment can be complicated if two people are very busy. 7ow do you find a time that is convenient for both of you. T>053 <nce again, imagine you are making a telephone call. This time you are arranging an appointment to see someone. %hat phrases might you use or hear. !fter youMve thought of five, here are some phrases

L02/(5 8ow listen to someone making a business appointment over the telephone. Telephone4 appointments C>(+3 =5@('2/*5@056 (heck your understanding by reading the script below4 0ichelle4 0r 7ibberds officeN 3eter4 7ello, can $ speak to >rian 7ibberd, please. 0ichelle4 $m afraid hes in a meeting until lunchtime. (an $ take a message. 3eter4 %ell, $d like to arrange an appointment to see him, please. $ts 3eter 9efferson here. 0ichelle4 (ould you hold on for a minute, 0r 9efferson. $ll +ust look in the diary. =o whens convenient for you. 3eter4 =ome time next week if possible. $ gather hes away the following week. 0ichelle4 5es, thats right, hes on holiday for a fortnight. 3eter4 %ell, $ need to see him before he goes away. =o would next %ednesday be okay. 0ichelle4 %ednesday let me see hes out of the office all morning. >ut hes free in the afternoon, after about three. 3eter4 Three oMclock is difficult. >ut $ could make it after four. 0ichelle4 =o shall we say F.-G next %ednesday, in 0r 7ibberdMs office. 3eter4 5es, that sounds fine. Thanks very much. 0ichelle4 <kay, then. >ye.

T(;(:>75(, );06>/2
I5/'7@=+/075 0odern business often involves international travel. %hen booking a flight, what ,uestions do you need to ask. 20 90

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T>053 $magine you are booking a flight and a hotel over the phone. %hat words and expressions do you use. !fter youMve thought of five, here are some phrases.

L02/(5 8ext you are going to hear a telephone conversation in which someone is booking a flight and then a hotel. Telephone4 flights C>(+3 ?7=' =5@('2/*5@056 (heck your understanding by reading the script below4 D7;7'(2, 7elloN )olores speaking T08, !h yes, hello. $d like to en,uire about flights to 7ong Jong from Jennedy !irport in 8ew 5ork, please. $m off to a conference at the end of the month * Thursday 11nd until Tuesday 1Cth. (ould you tell me about the flight availability and prices. D7;7'(2, (ertainly. )o you want to go economy, business or first class. T08, %ell, $d like to go first class, but unfortunately $ll have to go economy * company rules, you see. D7;7'(2, 5es, sure, $ understand. 7ow many of you will be travelling. T08, !h, its +ust me. D7;7'(2, <kay, so thats one seat economy 8ew 5ork * Jennedy to 7ong Jong !irport. T08, !nd how much will that be. D7;7'(2, Bet me see to ,ualify for the discount rate, you need to stay over a =aturday, which you are doing 5es, thatll be PE20. T08, Dight, and does that include airport tax. D7;7'(2, 8o, tax is another PC0 on top of that. T08, <kay. (an $ book that, then. D7;7'(2, (ertainly. D7;7'(2, (an $ help you with anything else. T08, 5es, $Md like to book a hotel room too, for the full five nights. (ould you check if the Degency 7otel has any rooms free. D7;7'(2, 5es, they do. 90 21

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T08, !nd is there a discount rate for conference delegates. D7;7'(2, 5es, there is. $ think itMs -0Q but $ can check that for you. T08, <kay, do you mind if $ book it provisionally for now and $Mll call you back later to confirm. $ +ust need to check one or two details. D7;7'(2, ThatMs fine, sir. (an $ help you with anything else. T08, 8o, thatMs all for now. !s $ said, $Mll call you back.

4'0/056, -. %e often write letters to confirm phone calls. 0ost business letters and faxes contain a lot or standard phrases. 8otice how some standard phrases are used in this letter.

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%OTOTECHNIG!E
2-, rue de (onstantine -A-01 (ongnac (:dex T:l:fax4 FG 29 -A -- T:lex4 C90 9A1# T:l 4 FA 29 19 1F

Mary Thatcher Sales Manager Galaxy Computer Supplies 221 Hills Road Cambridge CB 2 2RW 27 October 2004
=T!DT

Dear Ms Thatcher With reference to our telephone conversation today, I am writing to confirm our order for: 10 x photoconductors ref. No.76905 A/K.
DER6E=T DE#EDE8(E
DE!=<8 #<D %D$T$8/

would

be

grateful

if

you

could

deliver

them

soon

as

possible. Thank you for your help.

#$8$=7 (B<=$8/ DE0!DJ=

Yours sincerely, Cri to%he Terrien Cristophe Terrien Director-Procurement

1. 6se this list of standard phrases to complete the letters opposite. The start )ear 90 sir or madam, @ The finish yours faithfully,@ 23

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)ear

0r =loan, @@

5ours sincerely, @@ >est wishes, @@@ !merican English =incerely yours, 5ours truly,

0rs =loan, @@ 0iss =loan, @@ 0s =loan, @@ )ear 0ary*Bynn @@@ @ @@ @@@ suitable if you know their name suitable if the person is a close business contact or friend 5our advertisement in the Deporter, 5our letter if 1Gth !pril, 5our phone call today, The reason of writing $ am writing to en,uire about !pologi;e for (onfirm De,uesting (ould you possibly /iving bad news 6nfortunately $m afraid that (losing remarks Thank you for your help. 3lease contact us again if we can help in any way There any problems 5ou have any ,uestions. Deference to future contact $ look forward to hearing from you soon meeting you next Tuesday. seeing you next week. . . Enclosing documents $ am enclosing please find enclosed $ would be grateful if you could !greeing to re,uests ..

suitable if you dont know the name of the person you are writing to

The reference4 %ith reference to

$ would be delighted to

(lose letters with a friendly phrase or reference to future contact.

PRACTICE
90 24

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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GEO ORT LTD

(<00ED(E %!5 BE$/7T<8 >6SS!D) >E)#<D=7$DE B6C 2>% TEB4 0-G1G C11FG #ax" 0-G1G C1A--

Dear Mr Cochet, ----------------------your phone call today, --------------or not sending you our price list. -------------, it is still at the printers. However, ------------a copy of the old list with the new prices pencilled in. -------------------**************************************

&a'(ueline )'ott
Jacqueline Scott

GEO ORT LTD

(<00ED(E %!5 BE$/7T<8 >6SS!D) >E)#<D=7$DE B6C 2>% TEB4 0-G1G C11FG #ax" 0-G1G C1A--

Dear Mary, -------------------your phone call yesterday, --------------to confirm that --------------come and speak at the GMB Congress in Manchester on July 13th. -------------send me a map showing how to get to queen Marys Hall? -------------------------------------------..

&a'*+
Jacqueline Scott * I5@0+*/( />( 5*8( 7) (*+> 2/(: 05 />( ;(//('.

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DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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B!SINESS LETTER 4RITING

Titaplan ltd. 2E >ank =treet Bondon =%- FJ) 10th 8ovember 10.. 0r 9. 0ar:chal )irecteur (ommercial =<0!DEU A D6E )E 3aris CE000 Tersailles )ear 0r 0ar:chal, 5our name has been given to us by business colleagues in #rance, as an efficient market research agency specialising in providing advice to 6J companies hoping to export to #rance. !s you will see from the enclosed brochures and reports, ours is a medium*si;ed family business with a range of products for the health food market. <ur immediate ob+ective is to obtain first*hand information on the #rench market for these products in general and for the breakfast cereal segment in particular. %e would like a thorough report on market si;e, competition and so on. The report should be ready within six months. 3lease contact us rapidly if you feel able to handle such a survey so that we can meet to discuss the brief in detail as soon as possible. 5ours sincerely, P, )im% on 3. =impson 0arketing 0anager

90

2"

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

A &ossible letter =<0!DEU A rue de 3aris CE000 Tersailles 1Ath 8ovember 10.. 0r 3. =impson Titaplan Btd 2E >ank =treet Bondon =%- FJ) )ear 0r =impson, %e thank you for your letter of 10th 8ovember in which you express your confidence in our company and are pleased to confirm that your proposal does indeed interest us. <ur market research agency already has great experience in the field you mention, since we have been working for -1 years on the food sector and have already carried out three market surveys for English firms. $n order to discuss the finer details of the survey you re,uire, may $ suggest a meeting, perhaps at your head office in Bondon, at some time between Gth and Cth )ecember. 3lease confirm the convenient time and date as soon as possible with my secretary 0me )ubois &extension FG9'. !s far as the report is concerned, we should be able to provide an initial documentary survey indicating market trends, potential competitors and health regulations within a fortnight. ! more detailed survey on consumer habits and possible retail outlets would take somewhat longer* between four and six months L but we feel confident that we can meet the deadline you suggested without undue difficulty. Booking forward to our future collaboration, $ hope to hear from you soon. 5ours sincerely, &=ignature' 9 0ar:chal =ales manager

90

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The b siness !e""er $nstructions -. There is no such thing as Vbusiness English. $n the past business letters were full of such meaningless phrases as Vesteemed in,uiry, $ enclose herewith, V%e have perused, V $ beg to acknowledge, Vyour earliest convenience, V $ hope $ may be favoured etc. 5ou may very occasionally come across bad letters written today which contain phrases of this sort. 8ever attempt to imitate this style of writing. 5our language should be simple and clear. 1.
T7E 7E!)$8/

This differs in one important detail from the personal letter. The name and

address of the person you are writing to must be included beneath your own address but against the left*hand margin. This is called the V$nside !ddress and should be exactly the same as the one which be appear in the envelope. $f you writing to a man, his name should appear as V0r E. 9ones or VE. 9ones Es,. &Es,uire'. This latter form of address is in general use and is usually preferable. %hen writing to ladies the usual title is used 4 i.e. 4 V0rs 9. Dobinson or V0iss 9. Dobinson. Tery often you will not know the name of the person who will read your letter. $n this case you may address your letter directly to the company concerned4 e.g. 9ones, >rown an (o., Btd., &V(o. and VBtd are the usual abbreviations for V(ompany and VBimited.' %hen you are writing to a particular person in a (ompany or other organi;ation and do not know his or her name, your letter may be addressed to VThe 0anager, VThe )irector, VThe 3rincipal, VThe 7eadmaster, VThe =ecretary, etc. as the case may be. $n business letters the V>lock =tyle of address is becoming more common and should be preferred. 2.
T7E =!B6T!T$<8

$f the person you are writing to is known to you, you may begin V)ear

0r*V, V)ear 0rs, Vetc. $n all other instances, you should begin Vdear =ir, V )ear =irs, or V0adam, V/entlemen or V=irs as the case may be. F. T7E ><)5 ! business letter usually has four main parts4 Deference $nformation 3urpose (onclusion &a' Reference you should begin your letter by referring to a letter you have received, an advertisement you have seen etc., or to an event which has prompted you to write. 7ere are a few usual phrases4 Thank you for your letter of 9une 2rd. 90 2&

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

0any thanks for your letter of !pril 1Fth. $n your letter of 0ay 11nd you in,uire about . $t was a great pleasure to receive your letter of 9une 11nd that $n replay to your in,uiry of <ct. 1-st , $ regret that $ read your advertisement in last 0ondays issue of VThe (ommercial /a;ette and 5ou may remember that $ visited you last year when $ wax in $ was surprised to learn that $ recently attended 7anover #air and $ recently called on your agent in this country to ask about detailed information, which is related to the VDeference. &c' Pur&ose 7ere you must give the reason why you are writing your letter. 5ou should state clearly what you want. Take clear to answer closely the ,uestion that has been polite remark. 7ere are a few useful phrases4 $ am looking forward to hearing from you soon. $ sincerely hope you will be able to help me in this matter. $ enclose the sample of the material you re,uire. $ do hope $ am not putting you to too much trouble. $ shall not act until $ have received instructions from you. $ would greatly appreciate an early reply. $ enclose a che,ue for 1G W to cover costs. %ould you please let me know as soon as possible whether you would be willing to $ would suggest that you come and see me in person on $ would suggest that you come and see me in person on 3lease accept my apologies for the trouble this mistake has caused you. G. %he subscri&tion %here a letter is beginning. )ear =ir"=irs"0adam, you must end with the words V5ours faithfully. %hen, however, you address a person by name L even if you barely know him L you must conclude with the words V5ours sincerely. A. %2E 3$4!A%"RE =ign your name clearly $n full in the way you whish it to appear on the envelope which will be addressed to you in reply to your letter. set. some &d' #onclusion as in the Vpersonal letter it is customary to Vround the letter off V with but he was unable to help me. &b' $nformation $n the second paragraph it is sometimes necessary to supply more

90

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II
O-.(+/01( T*232 To discuss the business activities of companies * To describe a company * * LANG!AGE 4ORK C78:*5? :'7)0;(2 To exchange numerical information To give a presentation of a company

COMPANIES

Book at these two different ways of asking and answering ,uestions with the verb HhaveI ! > ! > ! > ! > 7ow many employees has 3hilips got. its got 1G0,000. 7as it got any factories in =lovenia. 8o, it hasnt. 7ow many subsidiaries does 3hilips have. it has over -10. )oes it have a subsidiary in the 6J. yes it does.

%ork with a partner. !sk and answer ,uestions about these companies. A=22(@*/ '(? G'7=: I :*:('J 9 industrial sites in #rance and - in =pain. - distribution company in #rance and - in 7olland C European sales subsidiaries. - wood supply subsidiary. ANA I*0';05(J -12I aircraft in the fleet. ABB P0'(;;0 (;(+/'0+*; I/?'(2 *5@ (5605(('056J +*-;(2J --9 scheduled routes. 10A,000 1 core businesses employees 4 tyres and cables -A2 affiliates and -200 CE factories companies. subsidiaries. Fhotels with -1 overseas. <ver over G,000 F-,000 profit employees. centres. -1,000 +oint research ventures and in china. development specialists

O'6*50H*/07524 =tudy this organisation. %hich department4 a. put the products in boxes and crates. b. places ads in maga;ines. c. 3ays the staff. d. 3urchases supplies. 90 30

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

e. =ells the products to customers. f. 3lans how to sell new products. g. =ervices the machines and e,uipment. h. !rranges courses for the staff. i. Decruits new employees. +. 0anufactures the products. k. $nvoices customers. l. Book after customers . m. )ispatches the products and send them to customers. n. <rgani;es control systems to prevent mistakes. o. )eals with taxation, investment, and cash management.

H!MAN RESSO!RCES

PROD!CTION 3roduction 3ackaging )istribution Ruality 0aintenance

MARKETING

%INANCE

Training 3ersonnel %ages and salaries

0arketing =ales !fter*=ales service !dvertising

>uying (ustomer accounts #inancial services

C=''(5/ *+/010/0(2 -. %e use the present continuous tense to talk about actions that are going on at the moment. (omplete these sentences using words from the box. %ait 90 call go build expand develop stay get spend 31

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

a. 3hilips are expanding their activities in (hina b. <ur research department c. They d. =omeone e. %e f. $ h. The )ollar i. The $T department ..a new drug Kat the )orchester 7otel. ..for you in your office. ..Ka new factory in >arcelona ..about order no. !9"1F9A. .. near the end of their life cycle. .up. . .. a lot of money on new e,uipment at the moment.

g. These products

GRAMMAR NOTE %e use the present simple tense to talk about regular activities. The maintenance department services the e,uipment. >ut we use the present continuous tense to talk about temporary activities. The $T department is spending a lot of money at the moment.

1. what do you know about 0c)onalds. are these facts true or false. %hat do you think. a. three new 0c)onalds stores open every day. b. 0c)onalds charge high prices. c. 0c)onalds spend more on advertising than anyone else. d. There is a hamburger university. e. The company (E< has a computer in his office. f. 0c)onalds prefer !merican managers to run overseas stores. 8ow read this article and find out.

SERVICE 4ITH A SMILE

Three new 0c)onalds stores open somewhere in the world each day. There are now over -F,000 0c)onalds stores worldwide and sales are over P12 billion. =o how do they do it. %hat are the companys strengths. VAL!E 90 32

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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0c)onalds keep prices low. They concentrate, on increasing market share. ADVERTISING 0c)onalds spend P-.F billion annually on marketing, more than any other company in the world. TRAINING Every employee receives at least two or three days training and all managers attend regular courses. The company even has its own 7amburger university in <akbrook $llinois. %ACE-TO-%ACE MEETINGS, The company head,uarters dont have an e*mail system and theres no computer in the (E<s office but ideas still fly around. There are regular meetings between people in the same region and people in the same line of work. CLOSE RELATIONSHIP 4ITH S!PPLIERS, 0c)onalds work closely with their suppliers to make sure they can meet the 0c)onalds specifications. C!LT!RAL SENSITIVIT# >efore they enter a new countrys market, they research the culture thoroughly . and they employ local staff if they can. C!STOMER SERVICE, The restaurants are clean, the service is ,uick and every 0c)onalds burger comes with a smile. 2. work in a groups & max F persons', prepare a similar presentation of a company of your choice & use sources like economic newspapers, internet, TT maga;ines examples4 >oeing*!didas*Dichbond*$>0 & follow the indications below' '

S:(*3056 * * 90 To prepare to make a short presentation about a company to the class. %rite notes first. )ont write sentences*+ust write key words and numbers concerning4 3roducts"services 0ain customers 33

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

* * * * *

Bocations & factories, branches, etc ' =i;e & 8umber f employees"turnover' 0ain strength (urrent pro+ects <ther information 8ow decide on the structure of your presentation. These phrases will help you order the informationK The introduction $d like to tell you about <rdering information $ll begin with 8ow $ll (hecking understanding $s that clear. !re you with me . <k so far. 6se your notes to give the presentation and answer ,uestions from colleagues. I/ 02 (22(5/0*; /7 =2( />( )7;;7A056 -=205(22 :;*5. #inishing !re there any ,uestions. thank you very much. .. move on to Turn to .. .

B!SINESS PLAN %OR A SMALL B!SINESS PRESENTATION

<b+ectives4 90 To play the elements of a business plan to a small business To practice a prepared presentation of a business plan in English To practice impromptu ,uestioning and answering 34

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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To develop listening skills

3ro+ect re,uirements =tudent may work alone or in groups of 1 or 2 students. Each group will select an actual small business or a small business case study for their pro+ect. Each student will prepare a five minute presentation describing their business, summari;ing selected elements of the business plan, and re,uesting a specific investment amount. #or students working individually, the classroom presentation will be a minimum of ten minutesK for groups of three, presentations will be a minimum of fifteen minutes. =tudents may use overheads for their presentationsK copies of overheads material should be provided for other students and the teacher. <ther students will serve as a panel of financial investors. !t the end of each session, the student panel will be expected to ,uestion the presenters about the details of their proposed small business. %ith the presented information and the responses to the ,uestions, the panel will allocate an investment pool of dollars among the proposed pro+ects. =tudents should take notes during the classroom presentations. 0aterial from some of the cases may be included in the first unit test on )ecember 10th .

>usiness 3lan =uggested <utline Title 3age@ Executive =ummary@ 90 35

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Table of (ontents@ 3roblem =tatements@ >usiness )escriptions@ <b+ectives@ 3roduct 3lan 0arketing 3lan 0anufacturing 3lan #inancial 3ro+ections &=ales Devenue #orecast@ 3rofit and loss forecast@ (apital =pending 3lan@ (ash #low #orecast@' #uture Trends >usiness Disks 3ersonnel 3lan !ppendix4 3rincipals, (T and !ccomplishments@ =upporting )ocuments@ @ =uggested <utline for a short 3lan & for more practice see the example of business plan 4 !ntoinettes )ress =hop & !nnex''

S0H( *5@ @08(52075 -. =tudy these ways of describing dimension. Then cover them up, look at the diagram opposite , and try to remember them. 7ow long is it. 7ow wide is it. 7ow high is it. 90 $ts FEF.Gcm long $ts -AG.0 cm wide. $ts -GC.G cm high The length is FEF.G cm. The width is -AG.0 cm. The height is -GC.G cm. 3"

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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7ow heavy is it. 7ow much does it weigh . 7ow much can it carry. %hats the maximum load.

$t weighs 1,GC0 kg. the weight is 1,GC0 kg. $t can carry -,-A0 kg. $ts -,-A0 kg

mm

max. load -,-A0 kg weight 1,GC0 kg

-GCG -AG0 FEFG

IV
O-.(+/01( T*232 90

REPORTING
To report on past actions * to talk about events in a companys history 37

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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to deal with customers complaints

C78:*5? >02/7'?

LANG!AGE 4ORK

THE HISTOR# O% THE NISSAN MOTOR COMPAN#

1925 Three small motor companies merge to from the )at 9idosha =ei;o (ompany 1932 The company produces the first )atsun car . 1934 The owners rename the company Hthe 8issan 0otor (ompany ltdI 1935 8issan opens the 5okohama plant 1947 !fter %orld %ars $$, 8issan begins car production again. 195& ! )atsun 1-0 wins the !ustralian rally 19"" 8issan sets up its first foreign manufacturing operation in 0exico. 19&0 The 8ational =pace )evelopment !gency in 9apan send a rocket into space, with solid*fuel rocket boosters designed 193" 8issan introduces mass production methods. 193& 8issan stops producing passenger cars and concentrate on truck manufacture. and produced by 8issan. 19&1 8issan makes ab agreement with Tolkswagen to produce the =antana in 9apan 1992.1993.1994 $n the 6J, 8isan earns a Rueens !ward for export achievement for three years running.

-.

work in pairs. !sk and answer ,uestions about the 8issan 0otor (ompany. %hat happened in -91G.

Three small motor companies merged. %hat happened in -9FC.

8issan began car production again. Degular verbs end Led in the past simple tense. $rregular verbs have a special form. There is a table of irregular verbs on page 90 3&

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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1. !sk and answer more ,uestions about 8issan. * where did the original three companies merge.

#or information on past simple tense see page E 2. >e be choose the correct verbs from the boxes to complete the passage. Demember to use the past simple tense. sell begin be win establish set up grow import achieve launch have be able to start find have to decide supply become

THE HISTOR# O% THE NISSANIN THE !K 8issan established a small trading company in -9A9. it .. cars from 9apan and ..them in the 6J. The company only ..0.1Q of the market in -9C0 but it . fast. >y -9CF it .the 6Js leading car importer. %hen the 6J ..a ma+or export market, 8issan .to build an assembly plant. !fter a long search it ..a suitable site in Tyne and %ear. (ars rolling off the production line in -9EA. !t first, the plant limit production because of the 9!0! import restriction agreement. >ut by -9EE 6J companies .the ma+ority of components and 8issan ..the target of A0Q local content. The plant .increase production. $n -99- 8issan ..a new distribution company and it ..operations in 9anuary -991 with a network of -G0 dealers. >y the end of the year there 1AC. 8issan the 0icra & 0arch' in -992 and it ..the European (ar of the 5ear !ward. $t . The first 9apaneese*badged car even to win.

S*?056 A>(5 -' =tudy the different prepositions we use with these times. $8 -999 !ugust %inter The afternoon %hich preposition do we use with4 90 39 <8 =aturday 1 0ay !T G.20 Easter the end of the ward

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

-. dates. 1. months. 2. days of the seek. F. years. G. seasons.

Deligious festivals. 7ours of the clock. 3arts of the day. 3oints in time.

1' 3ut the right preposition with these times. -9A9 .Thursday -9 9anuary .9anuary .midnight .the morning (hristmas ..(hristmas day the autumn & 6s4 the fall' the -9A0s .the weekend .the turn of the century

C78:;*05/2
@ %hen customers make complaints, its important to ask ,uestions to get all the facts you need. !sk ,uestions about these problems. ! 5ou delivered the wrong ,uantity . > <h dear. %hat ,uantity did we deliver. ! 200. we ordered 2,000. > $m sorry about that.

1 2 F G 90

you delivered the wrong ,uantity. you sent the order to the wrong address. you invoiced us for the wrong amount. the goods came with the wrong accessories the cover was the wrong colour 40

& 200, we ordered 2,000' & 20 =outh Doad. %ere at F0' &XF,000 instead of PF,000' & plastic hooks. %e wanted metal' & black, we asked for green'

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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A C E

the handles were the wrong si;e. the goods arrived on the wrong day the case was no good

& -G cm. we ordered -0 cm' &#riday. %e asked for Tuesday' & the glass was broken' @ what possible reasons are there for these problems. %ere very short staff at the moment. <ur computer crashed and we lost a lot of data. Think of some more excuses. @ 7ere are some useful phrases for dealing with complaints. (omplete the chart with phrases from the box.

a. b. c. d. e. f.

$ll find out what happened and let you know $m afraid were not responsible for damage in transit. %ould you like a refund. $ll look into it straight away. %ould you like us to repair it. %ere very sorry about this but its not our fault.

)E!B$8/ %$T7 (<03B!$8T= 0!J$8/ <##ED= %ould you

like

replacement.********************************************************************************************************** ************************************************************************************************************************** **************************************************************************************************** 3D<0$=$8/ !(T$<8 %ell send the rest immediately. ************************************************************************************************************************** ************************************************************************************************************************** DE#6=$8/ DE=3<8$>$B$T5 %e reserve the right to make small changes to products 90 41

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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************************************************************************************************************************** **************************************************************************************************************************

(an you think of any more phrases to add to the chart. 1 )iscuss these ,uestions with a partner4 what sort of complaints do you have to deal with. %hat advice would you give to someone who has to deal with complaints. SKILLLS 4ORK R(*@056 sometimes products dont sell well in a new market. =uggest what went wrong in these cases. %7!T %E8T %D<8/. a* %estern companies had problems selling refrigerators in 9apan until they changed the design to make them ,uieter. b* $n =audi !rabia, newspaper adverts for an airline showed an attractive hostess serving champagne to happy passengers. ! lot of passengers cancelled their flight reservations. c* !n airline company called itself Emu, after the !ustralian bird. >ut !ustralians didnt want to use the airline. d* ! TT commercial for a cleaning product showed a little girl cleaning up the mess her brother made . the commercial caused problems in (anada. e* =everal European an !merican firms couldnt sell their product in )ubai when they ran their advertising campaign in !rabic. f* ! soap powder ad had a picture or dirty clothes on the left, a box of soap in the middle and clean clothes on the right. The soap didnt sell well in the middle East. g* ! company had problems when it tried to introduce instant coffee to the #rench market. h* ! toothpaste manufacturer couldnt sell its product in parts of =outh*East !sia. i* !n !merican golf ball manufacturer launched its product in 9apan packed in boxes of four. $t had to change the pack si;e. 1 here are the reasons for the problems, but they are in the wrong order. 8umber them from - to 9. 7ow many did you get right.

90

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DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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$n the 9apanese the word of HfourI sounds like the word for death. Things dont sell well packed in fours. 3eople thought the commercial was too sexist and reinforced stereotypes. 6nveiled woman dont mix with men in =audi !rabia and alcohol is illegal. 90Q of the population came from 3akistan, $ndia, $ran and elsewhere, so !rabic was the wrong language. The advertisers forgot that in that part of the world people usually read from right to left. The people in this area didnt want white teeth. They thought darkly*stained teeth were beautiful and they tried to blacken them. 9apanese homes were small and sometimes walls were made of paper. it was important for the refrigerators to be ,uiet. 0aking HrealI coffee was an important part of the #rench way of life. $nstant coffee was too casual. The emu cant fly. old male"female

Book through the passage again and find the words below. two abbreviations for the word advertisement. The word for people who advertise. The word for an advertisement on television.

S:(*3056 work in small groups, and prepare a business plan of a small pro+ect think of a pro+ect, for example4 90 43

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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the launch of a new product a start up

- what are the ob+ectives or goals of the pro+ect. 1 list the tasks you performed to achieve those ob+ectives.

V
O-.(+/01( T*232

SOCIALIZING
To hold social conversations with business contacts * To welcome an overseas visitor * * To order food at the business lunch To make, accept, and refuse offers 44

90

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

P'(2(5/*/075
I8*605( ?7= *'( A(;+78056 * 1020/7' /7 ?7=' >78( /7A5. A+/ 7=/ * 2080;*' +751('2*/075. C78:;(/( />02 @0*;76=( )0'2/. ! > ! > ! > ! is this first visit to yes, . .. $d love to see is there a good interested in sport . ..and $ go . . . what about you . .here .

then let me show you round tomorrow after the meeting. thats very kind yes, there is. yes. $ play $

I5 />( '(2/*='*5/ Jevin and 3aolo are ordering wine in a restaurant. >efore you listen, read the conversation below and guess the missing words, 6se one word per space. %aiter The wine list, sir. Jevin Thank you. Bets see. %hat 3aolo $ Jevin 3aolo )ry. Jevin Then lets have the (hablis. $ts usually very good. 3aolo 7ow %aiter 5es, sir. Jevin %ell 3aolo !nd $d LANG!AGE 4ORK, 3ut these different foods into the right list. 3eas (hicken 0eat lamb cauliflower #ish porc sole strawberries 3oultry salmon duck raspberries beefTegetables cherries #ruit ..the (hablis, please. 8umber A2. ..a bottle of mineral water too, please. do you come here. Jevin !bout once a month. &to the waiter' Excuse me. ..white. .or dry. ..of wine do you like, 3aolo.

90

45

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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Think of more word to add to each list. %hat is your favourite meal. work in small groups. !ppoint someone as the waiter " waitress and give them your orders.

$ll have the cheese tart. =almon for me . what about you, 9hon. $d like the duck. /arden soup, please. !nd $d like )over =ole to follow. %hat do you suggest. O))('2 -* Book at the words in bold type in these sentences . %ould you a like a biscuit. %ould you like some +uice. %ould you like some grapes. take in turns to offer food and drink.
O%%ERING SA#ING #ES SA#ING NO

&a ? single countable noun' & some ? uncountable noun' & some ? plural countable noun'

%ould you like a ... =ome ...

thanks yes please. $d love one, =ome.

no, thanks. $t looks lovely, but ..

I5/('(2/2 A5@ R7=/05(2 %ork in pairs. #ind out about your partners interests. %hat sort Jind Type $ like $ love )etective stories 8ovels >iographies 90 . of books films music $ dont like $ hate . 0usicals Thrillers (omedies 9a;; 3op music (lassical music 4" do you like.

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

7istory books =cience fiction <thers.

%esterns 7orror films <thers.

#olk music Dock music <thers.

VI
O-.(+/01( T*232

MEETINGS
To decide work problems and decide what action to take * To state alternatives and recommend action * To ask the opinions of your colleagues

A23056 )7' 7:050752 3eople often disagree about politics. )o you agree &!' or disagree &)' with these views. the government should spend less money on defence. %e should have compulsory military service. 90 47

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

There should de higher taxes on petrol. The government should invest in renewable forms of energy. There should be lower taxes on cigarettes. The government should spend more on education. %e should have more police patrolling the streets. There should be tighter immigration controls. compare your opinions about the views above with a partner. .. 5es $ do because 8o $ dont because $ think R(+788(5@056 *+/0752, Decommend action in these situations . begin your sentences with $ think we should 1 2 F G A .or $ dont think we should . you have a machine that is old and often breaks down. 5our market share is falling <ne of your suppliers often sends you invoices with several mistakes on them. The companys main warehouse is too small 5our main competitors are cutting their prices by 10Q. !n employee is often absent from work. 7e says hes ill but you dont believe him. $ agree because $ disagree because

)o you think

M*3056 2=66(2/0752 0!J$8/ =6//E=T$<8= %hy dont we . =hall we .. %e could !((E3T$8/ Thats a good idea 5es, lets do that. /reat DE9E(T$8/ yes, but Thats a good idea but . $m not sure about that.

3ractise the phrases with a colleague. =uggest solutions to the problems below. #ollow this pattern. A 90 B 4&

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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EU3B!$8 T7E 3D<>BE0

=6//E=T =<0ET7$8/

DE9E(T !8) =6//E=T =<0ET$87/ EB=E

!((E3T

1 2 F G

you need to improve your staffs English. %hat can you do. 5our companys results show an unexpected P G00,000 profit on international currency deals. =uggest things to do with the money. 5ou need to think of a name for your new brand of toothpaste. =uggest some alternatives. 5ou work for a bank. 5ou want to attract more young customers. !ged between -G and -E. how can you do it. 5our company was founded -00 years ago. 5ou want to mark the occasion. =uggest ways to celebrate.

9=2/0)?056 @(+020752, we use going to talk about things we plan to do in the future. $t ta(es five hours to drive to Buda&est so $5m going to fl)+ (omplete these sentences in a similar way. 6se going to or not going to and the words in brackets. 1 2 F G A theyve got one meeting in 0adrid on Tuesday afternoon and another on %ednesday morning so they &hotel overnight' . & on time' .& a drink' .. & her assistant instead' .. & somewhere else' his flight left late, so he $ve got my car with me so $ =he cant attend the meeting so she =ales are down so you

..&good results this year'

The last time we parked there we got a ticket so we

S:(*3056 your company must reduce its running cost by -.000.000 )7=. 7ow are you going to save the money. Book at the proposals and decide. Estimated savings cut the research and development budget4 by GQ by -0Q 90 F00.000 E00.000 49

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cut the staff training budget4 by -0Q by 10Q 100.000 F00.000 2G0.000 C00.000

cut the advertising budget4 by -0Q by 10Q

F stop all donations to charity -00.000 G make the company security staff redundant and outsource the work4 -G0.000 A close the company health centre4 C cancel the plans to buy4 new production machinery4 new computer e,uipment 100.000 -G0.000 -00.000

7old a meeting with some colleagues. )iscuss the proposals one by one and decide what to do.

$f you decide to make a cut , decide who is responsible for taking action, and when by. %ho is going to be responsible for this. (an you deal with that. (ould ypu take care of this. 7ow soon can you do it. /ood. (an we discuss this again next 0onday, then.

VII
O-.(+/01( T*232

MAKING ARRANGEMENTS
To make and change arrangement * to explain future plans and arrangements * * * to fix a time and place for a meeting to write a fax message arranging a visit to arrange a schedule for a visit

T08(/*-;(C :;*52C *5@ *''*56(8(5/2 90 50

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- %e often use the present simple tense to talk about timetable. %ork with a partner asking and answering ,uestions. ! when does the Bondon train leave. > it leaves at --.10. The Bondon train The meeting The bank Beave !rrive =tart finish <pen (lose 1 now look at the conference programme and ask about the Degional 3erformance Deports shuttle buses to the airport 0ange Tout Destaurant The Doof*Top >arbecue 7ighlights hairdressers. (oach tours of the city. --.10.a.m 2.FG p.m 2.0 p.m G.-G p.m 9.20 a.m 2.20 p.m

IAMT CON%ERENCE 3rogramme for 9uly 11nd 9.20 am Degional 3erformance Deports4 germany $taly =candinavia 0arlborough Doom (onference =uite Ath floor -1.20 p.m lunch =withins Destaurant 2rd #loor. 1.20 p.m Degional 3erformance Deports4 The 6=! 7augary =pain 0arlborough Doom (onference =uite Ath floor E.00 p.m Doof*Top >arbecue with the V7ill 0idnight Dunners +a;; Ruartel Diverside 7otel Doof /arden 90

SHTTLEB!SES TO THE AIRPORT

Diverside 7otel offers a regular daily service to 7eathrow and /atwick. (oaches leave from the main entrance at C.00, -0.00, -2.00,-A.00 and -9.00

Please allo* 60 minutes for )our 6ourne) to 2eathro* and ,0 minutes for 4at*ic(+

MANGE TO!T RESTA!RANT

%RENCH C!IISNE L=5+> 12 5775-2.30 :.8 D055(' 7.00 :.8 K 11.00 :.8 The restaurant is located in the #lorence !rcade on the /round #loor4 patrons are kindly re,uested to reserve a table in advance to avoid disappointment. &0-CG' 1FE1A0

HIGHLIGHTS !NISE HAIRDRESSERS 9.45.*.8 ".30 :.8 %;7'(5+( A'+*@( R01('20@( H7/(; 01751-24&197 N7 *::705/8(5/ 5(+(22*'?

51

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COACH TO!RS O% THE CIT#

Twice daily tours -0.20*-1.20K1.20*F.20 XE adult XG child 3lease book at reception

Book at the itinerary below. !sk and answer ,uestions about 0r /rubers schedule. ! when is h arriving. > at nine oclock. ! whats he doing first. > hes meeting the <verseas =ales manager in the conference room.

ITINERAR# %OR THE VISIT O% MR H.GRIBER TO THE LE#TONSTONE %ACTOR# 1G 96B5

9.00 9.05-9.45

Arrival Meeting with the Overseas Sales Manager ( conference room)

90

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9.45-10.15 10.15-10.45 10.45-11-45 11.45-12.40 12.40-2.30 2.30-3.30 3.30-4.00 4.00 6.00

Coffee with the Marketing Director and Finance Director Company presentation video demonstration of the N4 prototype Meeting with the Managing Director and Marketing Director ( Boardroom) Lunch with the Overseas Sales manager ( Saraceno Restaurant) Tour of Leytonstone factory Final discussion with the Overseas Sales manager. car to terminal 2, Heathrow Airport Flight to Frankfurt, LH 1607

%e often use the present continuous tense to talk about future plans and arrangements. #or more information, see page G @ (omplete these sentences with words from the box. 0ake 1 2 F G cancel be late for have postpone .an appointment to see 0rs ..our appointment.

my name is /eorge Dawlings and $ >erne+o at 1.20. =hes always very punctual so $ dont want to $d like to 0r cottage is ill so we need to week.

K an appointment to see the manager. . 7is appointments. ..our appointment until next

$m sorry to be a nuisance but could we

I510/*/0752, 90 you are entertaining a foreign visitor from your parent company. ask if they want to4 come to the monthly marketing meeting. /ive a talk at the meeting 0eet the production manager 53

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=ee the new packaging machinery. (ome to a party.

6se the phrases in the table opposite.

INVITING SA#ING #ES SA#ING NO

%ould you like to

...

Thank you. $d like that. That would be lovely

$d love to but $m sorry, but

..

(ompare the phrases with the ones above. %hich are more informal.
INVITING SA#ING #ES SA#ING NO

)o you feel like .*ing. 7ow about *ing.

Thats a good idea 5eah, great.

well, actually $m afraid

FI#IN$ A TIME: =tudy these phrases for fixing a time. make manage 7ow about !re you free on the 1Ath. at 2.20.
SA#ING #ES SA#ING NO

S=66(2/056 * /08( (an you 1oclock on Thursday.

5es, that suits me. 5es, $m free. 5es, thats fine

$m afraid

$ cant make it. manage $m tied up.

3ractise the phrases in pairs. 6se the pattern below.

SALES PERSON C!STOMER

$nvite your customer to lunch 90

=ay yes 54

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=uggest a time

=ay no and suggest another time

=ay no and suggest another time

=ay yes

8ow practice again. The sales person should invite the customer to visit a local tourist spot. (ome to dinner.

SKILLS 4ORK 4'0/056 90 read this fax. %hat is it about. 55

NIHON IN%ORMALINK KK

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I5)7'8*;053 BLDGC 2-4-& KANAMECHOC TOSHIMA-K!C TOK#O 171 TELEPHONE, I"J 5995 3&01$4 TELE%A , I"J 5995 3919

To 4 )arworth Enterprises #rom4 0asahiro 8akagawa )ate4 -0 9une

!ttention 4 9anet 9effries re4 my inspection visit 3ages including this one4 -

Thank you for your fax or 1 june. I will be arriving on flight no.JL 401 at terminal 3 Heathrow on 16th june. Could you book hotel accommodation for three nights in the city centre? Also , I would be grateful if you could arrange a meeting with Data link for me on June 17th if possible. I look forward to seeing you on the 16 th. Kind regards. -a ahiro .a*agawa Masahiro Nakagawa (ompare the style and layout of this fax with the letters on page F1 . 7ow is it similar and how is it different. 1 faxes and letters are very similar. >ut information about the receiver appears at the top of the fax message so there is often no greeting. !lso people often say regards or Jind regards at the end. 3ractice writing some faxes. 5ou are 9anet 9efferies. %rite a fax in reply to 8akagawas fax. &%ork in pairs, one person in the group should write and the others should dictate and check spellings' Thank him for his fax. Tell him you will meet him at the 7eathrow at -A.2G on is <J. & if his wife is coming too, you need to check the booking'. 5ou also arranged his meeting with )ata link for 9une -C th. =ay youll see him next week, send your regards and sign the message from V9anet 9efferies. S:(*3056 %ork with a partner . you are visiting your 6J subsidiary for three days next week. 5ou have tow lunch*time appointments but also you want to arrange meetings with the people on this list.
NAMES Mrs Carne TIME NEEDED FOR MEETING 3 hors ( must see her on Monday mornin !

9une.

!s re,uested, you booked a single room for him in the )orchester 7otel for two nights. (heck this

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Mr "handi Miss Car#ey Mr $arnes Ms &yon

2 hours 3 hours % hours ( factory tour! 2 hours ( 'ednesday if possi(#e!

3hone your colleague in the 6J and arrange your schedule. 3encil in the times 0<8)!5 19*-0 am -0*-- am --*-1 am -1*- pm lunch with )ave -*1 pm (;ernovic; 1*2 pm & >arclays bank' 2*F pm F*G pm T6E=)!5 11 9*-0 am -0*-- am --*-1 am -1*- pm Deception -*1 pm >arbican (entre 1*2 pm 2*F pm F*G pm %E)8E=)!5 12 9*-0 am -0*-- am --*-1 am -1*- pm -*1 pm 1*2 pm 2*F pm F*G pm

VIII

DESCRIBING TRENDS

O-.(+/01( T*232

To describe and discuss figures and graphs * To describe changes in a companys finances * To analyse the reasons for rises or falls

R02(2 *5@ )*;;2,

90

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)iscuss these figures with a colleague. <ne person should use the information on the left and the other should use the information on the right. 6se these verbs. $ncrease Dise /o up decrease fall go down

! our market share fell by -Q last year. > 5es, but on the other hand our turnover increased by E Q <ur market share )istribution costs The number of new contracts Earnings from investments The number of employees =ales on the E( %ages =pending on training *-Q ?-EQ *AQ *2Q *FQ *1Q ?EQ ?-GQ <ur turnover 3rices of raw materials =pending on research development )ebts to our suppliers 3roductivity =ales to south !merica <ur staff turnover (ustomer complaints ?EQ *FQ and ?9Q *FQ ?AQ ?GQ *10Q *-AQ

P'75=5+0*/075, The spelling of English words is often different from their pronunciation. %e sometimes write letters we dont pronounce. #or example, debt is pronounced"det". The Vb is silent. 7ow do we pronounce these English words. (ross out the silent letters like this4 debt write know answer receipt D(2+'0-056 +>*56(2, 90 5& listen high sign business half scientist chemist psychiatrist

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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complete these tables Terb &action' To rise To fall To increase To decrease To improve To recover . 8oun &thing' ! rise .

8ow complete this table. !d+ective & describes a noun' =light =harp )ramatic =teady %hich ad+ective describes4 1 2 F 1 Q a sudden, very large change. ! sudden large change. ! very small change. ! regular change & not sudden'. study the graph and use each ad+ective once to complete the description.
MARKET SHARE

!dverb & describes a verb' =lightly . . ..

-990

-99-

-991

-992

-99F

-99G

90

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we had a *************increase in market share in -99-, followed by a ************fall in -991, when we sold a brand. >ut a successful new brand launched in -992 meant there was a ********* recovery that year, and a *********increase in -99F and -99G too. R(*@056, - what do you know about the (oca (ola (ompany. )o you know the story of4 the inventor of coke. The famous coca (ola (ontour bottle. The secret formula. (oke and %orld %ar $$. V8ew (oke.

THE STOR# O% COKE

)r 9ohn =tyth 3emberton make it in his backyard, took it to his local pharmacy, and he put it on sale at G cents a glass. 7and*painted signs saying V(oca*(ola appeared outside the store and inside signs invited customers to Vdrink. >ut sales didnt take off. $n the first year they averaged +ust 9 drinks a day. 7e thought it would never be very successful and he steadily sold his shares in the business to different partners. $n -EEE, +ust before he died, he sold his last shares to !sa /. (andler, a businessman from !tlanta. 90 "0

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7e distributed thousands of coupons for a complementary glass of (oca*(ola and he promoted the drink with souvenir fans, calendars, clocks, and novelties ten times their -EEE level. (oca*(ola had to develop a bottling system and set up plants. The first bottling plant opened in Ticksburg in -E9F and over the next 1G years, the number of plants rose from two to over a thousand. <ther soft drink companies tried to imitate the (oca*(ola taste so the company kept the drinks package. $n -9-A, they introduced the first bottle with the famous (oca*(ola shape. Then the 6nited =tates +oined the war, and the company 3resident gave an order Vto see that every man in uniform gets a bottle of (oca*(ola for G cents, wherever he is and what ever the cost to the company. !s result, (oca*(ola shipped AF bottling plants abroad during the war. !nd when the war finished, they were ready to con,uer the world . #rom the mid -9F0s until -9A0, the number of countries with bottling plants nearly doubled. This was the first change in the secret formula since -EEA. in pre*launch tests, consumers preferred the new taste. >ut the tests couldnt measure their feelings for the brand. (oca*(ola had a special place in their hearts and they didnt want a change. #or the first time in history, sales of (oca*(ola fell. The company responded ,uickly and marketed the original formula again as (oca*(ola (lassic. =ales climbed back up, and continued to grow. !nd if youre not sure whats the world top selling soft drink is by nowK V(oke is it

1. the first sentence in each paragraph of this article is missing. They are all listed below. read the article and decide where each sentence goes. * * * * * * * 90 !sa (andler had a talent for marketing $n the -9E0s, in the 6=! only, the company launched a new taste for coke. $n -9F-, there were bottling plants in FF countries. (oca*(ola was invented in !tlanta, /eorgia on may E, -EEA. =o today million of people all over the world are drinking coke. The huge increase in the popularity of the drinks led to problems meeting demand. )r 3emberton didnt see the potential of his new drink. "1

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8otice how the sentences introduce the topic of the paragraphs. 2. work with a colleague . ask and answer ,uestions about the story of (oca*(ola. 6se these words. %ho .when .. why ...where .what ...how .

T*;3056 *-7=/ <=*5/0/? -* !re these nouns countable & (', uncountable &6', or the both & 6"(' $nformation fact research money dollar suggestion help * * * * * * * * * * advice +ob work man person machinery machine paper newspaper news time experience e,uipment furniture

1* complete these sentences . use much with uncountable nouns and many with countable nouns. 7ow **************e,uipment do you need. $m afraid $ cant give you ************information about that. There arent************machines working today. %e havent got ****************money left. 7ow**************yen are there to the dollar. 7ow ************people were their at the meeting . !re there ************+obs left to do. $ havent done***********work today. 7ow *************times have you been to England. 7ow **************time can $ spend on this pro+ects.

G01056 *@10+(, %e use youd better ! > .to give strong advice, for example4 $ve received some faulty parts from one of our suppliers. %hat shall $ do. youd better not accept them. 5oud better send them back. .and youd better not 1 90 theres a mistake on this invoice e. what shall $ do. They want me to sign a contract but $ dont understand the small print. %hat shall $ do. "2

%ork with one or two colleagues. Take it in turns to give each other advice. =ay youd better

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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2 F G A

$ve received a bad reference for one of the candidates for the new sales +ob. %hat shall $ do. $m planning to go on holiday next week but four of my staff are off sick. %hat shall $ do. $ have to give a presentation in five minutes and $ cant find my notes. %hat shall $ do. 0y English is not good enough to negotiate the deal and the translator hasnt arrived. %hat shall $ do.

P'75=5+0*/075, contraction we contract a lot of small words in spoken English. %ell need your help . wellYwe will Theres a lot of competition . theres Y there is %hat words are contracted in these sentences. %rite the words out in full. 1 there arent many machines working today. $t wont be a problem. 5oud better speak to your lawyer. $d like to speak to the manager. $ve done a lot of work today. 7e hasnt got much money left. 7es finished the +ob. =hes waiting for you in =usans office.

what words can we contract in these sentences. he will call you when he has got the information. %e have been very busy so $ have not had much time today. $ am not in the office next week but $ would like to arrange a meeting with you the week after. 5ou had better not sign the contract until they have checked it. =he does not know what it is like.

I
O-.(+/01( T*232

B!SINESS TRAVEL
To discuss changes to present arrangements * to make travel en,uiries * 90 to discuss arrangements "3

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LANG!AGE 4ORK

A0' /'*1(;

7 $ have to ring m) office8 7 *hat5s the taxi fare to the cit) centre 9 8 7*ho *on last night ball game 9 8 7 *hat5s the code for #leveland hio 9 8 7 is it to earl) for the bar 9 8 7 $ have to be in Alas(a b) 8 tonight+8 7can $ go through to the de&arture lounge no*98 7 is there an)bod) here to met :rs ;ero) 98 7*here can $ get a bus into to*n 98 7 $ can5t find m) boarding card8

7 do the) ta(e travellers5 che<ues at the =ut) >ree 98 7 *here is the 4ents98 7 ho* long is the sto&over 98 7 *ill the flight leave on time 98 7am $ in time 98 7 *hat star sign is the &ilot98 7 $ can5t find a &orter8 7 *here are all the trolle)s 98 7 can $ leave m) luggage here over night98 7 is this tic(et out of date98 7 *here do $ chec( in98 7 *here can $ rent a car98

7 can $ reserve a hotel room in =enver' #olorado98 7 *hich gate are *e boarding from98 7 $ have to catch the shuttle at 78 7 do $ have to declare m) camera98 7 *hat5s going on98 7 can )ou cancel m) hotel reservation98 7 $ thin( that5s m) &lane ta(ing off8+ 7 &lease' somebod)8

T4A HAVE THE ANS4ERS.

%e listened to travellers ,uestions at the airport and came up with an answer, in fact we came up with lots of answers L the T%! V%hite (oats. V%hite (oats are a team of young men and women at our 7eathrow and 9#J terminals*all available to help with your problems. =o the next time youre waiting for one of our six daily flights to the 6=! and your passport disappears or your colleague needs some elastic in a hurry, speak to the person in the white +acket with a red carnation in the buttonhole.

which airline is this advertisement for.

@ %hat special service are they advertising. 1 Book at the left hand column in the advertisement. 0atch the replies below to the correct problem. 90 no, it opened ten minutes ago. 8o, but weve got a message for you. "4

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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Theres n airport limousine downstairs . The (incinnati Deds. !round XG0. (ertainly. /o ahead $ll look up the best connection. 00 - 1-A. %hen did you last have it. Theres a phone over there.

look at the centre column in the advertisement. #ind words or phrases that mean4 a person who flies planes a person who carries luggage a tax*free shop a short stay in a place between connecting flights. >aggage Things to carry baggage The mens toilet !t the correct time 8ot late Expired & no longer useful or valid'

look at the right*hand column in the advertisement. #ind verbs or phrases that mean getting on the plane to tell a custom officer about something you are carrying leaving the ground & a plane' to book the opposite of to book the opposite of to miss to hire to register for a flight happening helpN "5

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work with a partner . take it in turns to be travellers asking the ,uestions and a Hwhite coatI answering them.

R=;(2 *5@ '(6=;*/0752, =tudy the table below then use each verb once to complete the regulations. possible impossible necessary or obligatory not necessary prohibited or forbidden (an (ant"cannot 0ust 7ave to )ont have to 0ustnt 1 90

passengers**************make sure their luggage is clearly labelled. 3assengers**************take a small bag onto the plane with them. 3assengers***************carry dangerous articles such as compresses gases, weapons, explosives, or fireworks. 3assengers***************check in A0 minutes before departure on international flights. 3assengers **************** check in A0 minutes before departure on domestic flignts*20 minutes is sufficient. The airline **************accept responsibility for delays due to bad weather. notice the difference between mustnt and dont have to. )ecide which to use in these sentences. they transfer our baggage to the next plane. %e*************carry it. 3assengers **************use portable telephones because they interfere with the planes electronic e,uipment. 3assengers***********smoke when the plane is taking off or landing. 5ou***************take out travel insurance, but its a good idea. This meeting is very important. %e ************be late %eve got plenty of time. 5ou************hurry. 5ou*********return the car to the place you hired it. 5ou can return it to another 7ert; garage. $f you havent got an international licence, you **********drive 5ou************pay to drive on motorways in England. ""

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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%e can buy a ticket et the station. %e ***********book in advance.

%=/='( :7220-0;0/0(2, - match these two halves of these sentences. if you keep the receipts, . $f $ cant get a flight home, $f its Bondon, $f theyve caught the 1.20 from 3addington, . $f you havent got anything to declare, $f youre travelling to 0o;ambi,ue, $f the sea is rough, ticket, .. $f youre travelling from Bondon to new 5ork, &#or more information on conditionals see page 10' 2 you are going on a very important business trip to negotiate a large contract with a new supplier. %hat will you do if you miss your flight. 5ou lose your luggage. 5our supplier is ill. 5our supplier cant speak English. 5our supplier invites you to lunch. 5our suppliers price is too high. $ll have to phone my supplier and explain. . . -a.m in $f you have to be there by ten, $f you havent met before, $f she wasnt on that flight, b* there no hovercraft flights. c* %ell refund your travel expenses. d* =he wont be able to change it. e* 7ow will you recogni;e him at the airport. f* 5oud better hurry up. g* =hell be on the next one. h* /o through the green door. i* Theyll be here in half an hour +* 3ut your watch back five hours k* $ts E .p.m in Tokyo l* $ll have to stay overnight. .

a* you must have a typhoid inoculation

$f she bought a discount

$f $ miss my flight , $ll catch the next one or

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O-.(+/01( T*232

READING TE TS
$mproving the reading & pronunciation' * Deading * 3unctuation * Tocabulary GLOBALISATION - SECTION 1

%he follo*ing text is a summar) of a series of articles &ublished in The Economist' in the ?3chool@s Brief? column' during the /rd <uarter of -,,7+ I5/'7@=+/075 !dvocates of globalisation essentially take the view that larger markets will lead to greater specialisation, a deeper division of labour and hence a better *;;7+*/075 7) '(27='+(2. This in turn will promote (+75780(2 7) 2+*;(, higher productivity and so faster economic growth. The critics of globalisation stress that increased competition from the developing countries will lead to +ob destruction and downward pressure on wages in the industrialised world, especially for ;7A-230;;(@ or =5230;;(@ workers. They also state that financial markets erode the power of national governments to control economic policy, and can cause >*17+ via speculative attacks. =till, there are many signs that globalisation remains restricted. (omparisons of trade among (anadian provinces or among !merican =tates indicate that domestic trade flows are still 10 times as great as +'722--7'@(' /'*@(. Babour, in particular, is not internationally mobile, due to language and cultural barriers, differences in educational awards and professional ,ualifications etc. Erecting barriers to trade or controlling capital flows is more difficult than in the past, especially given electronic communications, and the @060/02*/075 of service*sector products. $ndeed, todayMs globalisation is being driven by telecommunications advances, eg4 the cost of a 2*minute phone call between 8ew 5ork and Bondon has fallen from P200 &in -99A dollars' in -920 to P- now. C*:0/*; M*'3(/2 $nternational capital flows have expanded dramatically. >ut, when measured in terms of +=''(5/ *++7=5/ 2=':;=2(2 7' @()0+0/2, or when +udged in terms of the imbalance between savings and investment, capital markets still appear to be remarkably closed. $n the -990s, for instance, only -0Q of domestic investment in the emerging countries has been financed from abroad. =imilarly, 05/('(2/ '*/( 2:'(*@2 across bond prices exceed discounted exchange rate movements, suggesting that national markets retain national characteristics, while statistical analysis does not indicate that stock market fluctuations are greater today than they were when capital moves were limited.

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DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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5et, capital market openness does affect the power of )02+*; *5@ 875(/*'? :7;0+?. $n a closed economy, greater government spending and monetary expansion may increase output in the short term, but result in higher interest rates and higher inflation in the long term. $n an open economy, the impact of policies depends on the exchange rate4 with a fixed exchange rate fiscal policy is very effective and monetary policy is mutedK with );7*/056 (E+>*56( rates monetary policy is very effective and fiscal policy muted. That said, capital market mobility has limited governmentMs choices in exchange rate policies. $f governments want to pursue exchange rate stability, then monetary policy must be 6(*'(@ to this. This may lead to interest rate instability if investors move out of the currency. =maller countries, with less*sophisticated capital markets are also more vulnerable, as witnessed by 0exico in -99F and Thailand in -99C. =uch problems have led some smaller countries, like (hile, to maintain )7'(065 (E+>*56( +75/'7;2 on short*term capital inflows.

V7+*-=;*'? ,
* allocation of resources * r:partition des ressources * economies of scale * :conomies dM:chelle * low*skilled or unskilled labour * travail peu ,ualifi: ou travail non ,ualifi: * cross*border trade * :changes trans*frontaliZres * digitisation * num:risation * current account surplus or deficit * exc:dant ou d:ficit du compte courant * interest rate spreads * :carts des taux dMint:r[t * bond prices * prix des obligations * fiscal policy, monetary policy * politi,ue budg:taire, politi,ue mon:taire * floating exchange rate * taux de change flottant * foreign exchange controls * contr\les des changes

C78:'(>(52075 <=(2/0752
-' %hat are the main arguments for globalisation. 1' %hat are the main disadvantages of globalisation. 2' %hat indicates that national markets may still not be that open. F' 7ow do monetary and fiscal policies compare in floating exchange rate regimes.

90

"9

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

GLOBALISATION - SECTION 2
M06'*/075 0any of historyMs biggest population movements occurred under @='(224 the slave trade to the !mericasK the OshipmentO of between -0 and F0 million 05@(5/='(@ workers &OcooliesO' from $ndia and (hina throughout the worldK the movement of C million 0uslims from $ndia to 3akistan and C million 7indus from 3akistan to $ndia after the partition at independence. 6ntil -9-F there was very little >05@'*5+( to immigration, so that between the middle of the -9th (entury and %orld %ar $, something like A0 million people left Europe for the !mericas &with F0 million moving to the 6nited =tates'. The inter*war period saw the 08:;(8(5/*/075 of controls, both in immigration to !merica, and within Europe &as in 8a;i /ermany'. !fter -9FG, many European countries encouraged immigration to ease ;*-7=' 2>7'/*6(2, but this policy came to an end in the -9C0s, with the rise of unemployment. !ccording to $B< figures, about E0 million people today live outside their country of birth, to which a further 10 million refugees should be added. Each year, roughly-.G million people emigrate permanently, with the 6=! remaining the worldMs largest destination. Babour markets therefore remain predominantly national, the main exception being the market for certain types of high*skilled employees working for multi*national companies. The direct impact of immigration and its impact on native populations is small, though difficult to measure. There may be some downward pressure on wages, but at the same time immigrants may move into +obs that native workers would not do. <nce again, the impact on labour markets appears to be greater for low*skilled or unskilled labour. T'*@( !ccording to the theory of +78:*'*/01( *@1*5/*6( * set out by Dicardo * two countries have an interest in trading if their production costs vary, even if one country has an absolute advantage in producing all the goods available. 7owever, comparative advantage is often itself a product of history and not +ust natural resources or labour skills. This leaves some scope for government intervention in the form of Ostrategic trade policiesO, to promote specific sectors. The problem then becomes one of deciding which industries should be promoted and how. %'(06>/ !t the turn of the century, international trade was dominated by '*A 8*/('0*;24 in -900, Ocrude materials and Ocrude foodO made up F-Q of 6= exports by value and FGQ of imports. <ver time, trade has shifted into goods whose weight is unrelated to their si;e, as technological advances &eg4 composites, micro*electronics etc' make goods lighter. !t the same time, the cost of shipping has fallen greatly. <n the one hand, the use of containers and multi*modal transport e,uipment and systems have substantially cut >*5@;056 +72/2 by dockers etc. <n the other hand, deregulation of transport industries, which began notably in the 6nited =tates during the -9C0s, has simulated stronger competition, helping to bring down prices.

90

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DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

V7+*-=;*'?
@='(22C =5@(' @='(22 * contrainte, sous contrainte 05@(5/='(@ A7'3(' * travailleur li: par contrat >05@'*5+( * emp[chement, entrave 08:;(8(5/*/075 * mise en oeuvre ;*-7=' 2>7'/*6( * p:nurie de main dMoeuvre +78:*'*/01( *@1*5/*6( * avantage comparatif '*A 8*/('0*; * matiZre premiZre >*5@;056 +72/2 * co]ts de manutention

C78:'(>(52075 <=(2/0752
-' %hat has characterised historyMs largest population movements. 1' 7ow can immigration before -9-F be described. 2' %hat characterises labour markets. F' %hat contributes to comparative advantage.

90

71

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

GLOBALISATION - SECTION 3
L(*@056 8=;/05*/075*;2 #ew companies, including many of the worldMs biggest are truly global, as the average 08( still produces more than two*thirds of its output in its >78( +7=5/'?. 8evertheless, the most common explanation for 08(sM growth is provided by economies of scale, although the example of the aerospace suggests the causality is not simple, as this industry is dominated by one large 6= firm &>oeing' that produces domestically and a European consortium &!irbus' with production units spread across the continent. !lso, economies of scale do not +ust involve actual production, but may e,ually include promotion and marketing, as demonstrated by (oca*(ola. #irms are also driven to being multinational via 1('/0+*; 05/(6'*/075, as they seek to secure supplies on the one hand and product 7=/;(/2 on the other. =imilarly, firms may be pushed to becoming international, to follow their clients. !t the same time, the nature of #)$ is evolving. To be sure, about three fifths of such investments remain within the industrialised countries. >ut for the other two fifths, investment flows are increasingly into manufacturing installations in developing countries, and less and less into extractive or raw materials industries. This has led to fears of +obs being OexportedO to the developing countries. 7ere the evidence is mixed, as investments abroad are fre,uently accompanied by greater exports from home countries. 8evertheless, there is some evidence that the '(;7+*/075 7) :'7@=+/075 hits certain industries in particular &such as textiles and electronics' and affects low*skilled labour. C75+;=2075 The rise of globalisation has partly been driven by 8*'3(/ )7'+(2, with companies seeking to expand their overseas business, and being helped by technological developments. !t the same time, governments have also acted to reinforce the workings of the market by pursuing domestic and international liberalisation. To some extent, the movement has also taken on its own dynamics, reducing the 2+7:( for government intervention in the economy. 7owever, the overall scale of the public sector in the industrialised countries has not changed dramatically. Though there has been pressure on holding down government spending, there is little evidence at the macroeconomic level to support the view that the Ostate has been rolled backO in the rich countries. Thus, for example, while top income tax rates have be +='-(@, overall tax takes in the industrialised economies have not come down significantly. This can partly be explained by the fact that labour or rather /*E-:*?('2 continue to be relatively immobile. 8or, ultimately has globalisation radically altered the constraints of monetary and fiscal policy. /reater capital mobility can actually give governments greater room for manoeuvre in conducting fiscal policy as they can draw on overseas resources, though the markets obviously sanction abuse of such borrowing. =imilarly, monetary policy can still be used to regulate the domestic economy or the exchange rate, although it cannot successfully by used to do both simultaneously.

90

72

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

V7+*-=;*'?
>78( +7=5/'? &host country' * pays dMorigine &pays dMaccueil' 7=/;(/ &retail outlet' * sortie, d:bouch: &point de vente' '(;7+*/075 7) :'7@=+/075 * d:localisation de la production 8*'3(/ )7'+(2 * les lois du march: 2+7:( * port:e, :tendue, domaine, envergure 05+78( /*E * imp\t sur les revenus /7 +='- * ma^trise, feiner /*E-:*?(' * contribuable

C78:'(>(52075 <=(2/0752
-' %hat is driving firmsM search for global presence. 1' %here is most #)$ concentrated. 2' 7ow are governments encouraging globalisation. F' %hat is the dilemma of monetary policy.

%USINESS $L&SSARY
90 73

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

automatic debiting &transfer' 5'.!<1e4e)* a,*o4a*2B,e

E56;02>-%'(5+>
! account, current
,) 3o45*e 3o,'a)*

automatic teller machine &!T0' ;,23:e* ?6a)3a2'e@ a,*o4a*2B,e > bailiff ,) :,2ss2e' balance ,) so! ban, to 2)*e'
e e

accountant ,) 3o45*a6!e accounting system 5!a) 3o45*a6!e accounts department se'123e 3o45*a6!e accounts payable book !21'e acknowledgement of order
3o44a) e es e00e*s 7 5a8e' es e00e*s 7 'e3e1o2' a33,s. e '.3e5*2o)

balance sheet !e 62!a)

2'e >a00a2'es >o,*'e4e'

accounts receivable book !21'e

bank, merchant ,)e 6a)B,e bank, overseas ,)e 6a)B,e bankrupt ,) 0a2!!2 bankrupt, to go 0a2'e 0a2!!2*e bankruptcy !a 0a2!!2*e

act of /od
)a*,'e!!e

,) 3as

e 0o'3e 4a9e,'e/ ,)e 3a*as*'o5:e

addressing machine ,)e 4a3:2)e 7 a advertising !a 5,6!232*. advertising agency ,)e a;e)3e

'esse'

advertisement ,)e 5,6!232*./ ,)e a))o)3e

e 5,6!232*.

bankruptcy, to file a petition in bargain ,)e a00a2'e bargain prices 5'2+

e so! es es

.5ose' !e 62!a)

advertising department !e se'123e 5,6!232*. advertising media !es s,55o'*s 5,6!232*a2'es/ !es 4. advertising, deceptive !a 5,6!232*. 4e)so);<'e after*sales service agenda !>o'
!e se'123e a5'<s=1e)*e 'e , 9o,' 2as

bargain sale ,)e 1e)*e e) so! bid ,)e o00'e/ ,)e so,42ss2o) bidder, a bidding company
o, so,42ss2o))a2'e

,)e e)*'e5'2se a 9, 23a*a2'e

bill of exchange &>"E' ,)e !e**'e bill, accommodation ,)e *'a2*e

e 3:a);e

bill of lading &>"B' ,) 3o))a2sse4e)*

e 3o45!a2sa)3e e 3'. 2*e,' o,a)e

agent ,) 'e5'.se)*a)* agent, clearing ,) a;e)* e) agent, commission ,) 3o442ss2o))a2'e agent, forwarding ,) *'a)s2*a2'e agent, sole ,) a;e)* e+3!,s20 air waybill ,)e !e**'e approval, on so,s 3o)
s*a*,*s e !a so32.*. e *'a)s5o'* a.'2e) ?LTA@

black, to be in the a1o2' ,) so! board of directors 3o)se2! bond ,) 6o) bond, in so,s
>.*a* o,a)e

>a 42)2s*'a*2o)

bonus ,) 5'24e book an order, to e)'e;2s*'e' ,)e 3o44a) book of specifications !e 3a:2e'
!es e es 3:a';es

appointment ,)e )o42)a*2o)

2*2o)

articles of partnership &!"3', of association &!"!' assembly line ,)e 3:aA)e assets !>a3*20 assets, current a3*20 32'3,!a)*/
e 'o,!e4e)* e 4o)*a;e

book, to enter in the 5asse' !es .3'2*,'es bookkeeper ,) a2

e=3o45*a6!e

bookkeeping !a 3o45*a62!2*. ?!es .3'2*,'es@ bookkeeping entries !es .3'2*,'es 3o45*a6!es bookkeeping, double*entry 3o45*a62!2*. e) 5a'*2e bookkeeping, single*entry
s245!e o,6!e !a 3o45*a62!2*. e) 5a'*2e

assets, fixed !es 244o62!2sa*2o)s at carrierMs risk &(D' a,+ '2sB,es at ownerMs risk &<D' a,+ '2sB,es
, *'a)s5o'*e,' , 5'o5'2.*a2'e

bookkeeping"accounts
3o45*a62!2*.

department

!e

se'123e

auction sale ,)e 1e)*e a,+ e)3:<'es auctioneer ,) 3o442ssa2'e 5'2se,' audit the accounts, to 1.'202e'/ a5,'e' !es 3o45*es auditor ,) 3o442ssa2'e a,+ 3o45*es

books, to keep the *e)2' !es !21'es borrower ,) e45',)*e,' bound by law, to be C*'e !.;a!e4e)* *e),

90

74

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

branch ,)e a;e)3e/ ,)e s,33,'sa!e breakdown

,)e 1e)*2!a*2o) ? es 3oD*s@

clearing bank ,)e 6a)B,e clearing house !a 3:a46'e

e .5F*s e 3o45e)sa*2o) e

broke, to be C*'e 0a,3:. broker ,) 3o,'*2e' brokerage fee ,)

'o2* e 3o,'*a;e

cold*storage unit ,)e 3:a46'e 0'o2 collateral ,)e 3a,*2o) 5o,' ,) 5'C* collection letter ,)e !e**'e company ,)e so32.*. company, private &Btd.'
!242*.e ?SARL@

e 'e3o,1'e4e)*

brown paper 5a52e' >E'a0*> browse, to 0e,2!!e*e' bulk, in e) ;'a)

1o!,4e/ e) 1'a3

,)e so32.*. 7 'es5o)sa62!2*.

bulky 1o!,42)e,+ business connections !es 'e!a*2o)s ( cancel an order, to a)),!e' ,)e 3o44a) carrier !e *'a)s5o'*e,' case ,)e 3a2sse cash a che,ue, to e)3a2sse' ,) 3:<B,e cash book !e !21'e
!21'a2so) e 3a2sse 5a2e4e)* 3o45*a)* 7 !a e >a00a2'es

company, public &3lc.' ,)e so32.*. a)o)84e ?SA@ complaint ,)e 5!a2)*e comply with, to se 3o)0o'4e' 7 compulsory o6!2;a*o2'e computer ,) o'
2)a*e,' 2)a*e,'/ 2)0o'4a*2se'

buyer, potential ,) a3:e*e,' .1e)*,e!

computeri;e, to 4e**'e s,' o' concern ,)e e)*'e5'2se consign e+5.

2e'

consign goods, to e+5.

2e' es 4a'3:a) 2ses es*2)a*a2'e

cash on delivery &(<)' cash with order &(%<'

3o44a) e

consignee !e 3o)s2;)a*a2'e/ consignment note ,) 6o' consignor !>e+5.

2*e,'

e'ea, >e+5. 2*2o)

5a2e4e)*

3o45*a)*

!a

consultant ,) 3o)se2!!e' consumer ,) 3o)so44a*e,' consumerism !a

>a';e)* e 4a;as2)s .0e)se , 3o)so44a*e,' s

cash, to *o,3:e'/ e)3a2sse' cash, to be in C*'e e) 0o) cash, to be out of C*'e 7 3o,'* chain of stores, a ,)e 3:aA)e chair a meeting, to 5'.s2 charge interest, to 5e'3e1o2' charges, freight 0'a2s check up ,) 62!a) check, to 3o)*'F!e' che,ue book 3a')e* che,ue stub *a!o) ?
e 3:<B,es e 3:<B,e@

consumption !a 3o)so44a*2o) container, air*tight ,) 3o)*e)e,' :e'4.*2B,e containeri;ation 42se e) 3o)*e)e,'s containers, waterproof 3o)*e)e,'s .*a)3:es
2*@

e' ,)e '.,)2o) es 2)*.'C*s

charge to an account, to 245,*e' 7 ,) 3o45*e ?3'.

e *'a)s5o'*

contractor ,) e)*'e5'e)e,' convey, to a3:e42)e'/ *'a)s5o'*e' conveyance !e *'a)s5o'* copywriter ,) '. cost price 5'2+
a3*e,' 5,6!232*a2'e e 'e12e)* >e+5!o2*a*2o)

charter party &("3' ,)e 3:a'*e 5a'*2e

e sa)*.

costs, operating !es 3oD*s costs, production 3oD*s counterfoil ,) *a!o)

e 5'o ,3*2o)

che,ue to bearer 3:<B,e a, 5o'*e,' che,ue without cover 3:<B,e sa)s 5'o12s2o)s che,ue, certified 3:<B,e 3e'*202. che,ue, crossed ,) 3:<B,e 6a''. che,ue, dud ,) 3:<B,e e) 6o2s che,ue, to cross a 6a''e' ,) 3:<B,e che,ue, to stop a 0a2'e o55os2*2o) 7 ,) 3:eB,e civil servant ,) 0o)3*2o))a2'e

crate ,)e 3a2sse 7 3!a2'e=1o2e credit, to grant a33o' creditor ,) 3'.a)32e' (ustom 7ouse !e 6,'ea, customs duties customs entry
e o,a)e e' , 3'. 2*

customer, prospective ,) 3!2e)* .1e)*,e!

'o2*s e o,a)e .3!a'a*2o) e) o,a)e

90

75

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

customs officer

,) o,a)2e' o,a)2e's o,a)2<'es

dispute &legal' ,) !2*2;e draft ,)e .6a,3:e/ ,)e *'a2*e draft, documentary ,)e *'a2*e draughtsman ,)
o3,4e)*a2'e

customs tariffs *a'20s

customs unions ,)2o)s ) damage !es

.;G*s

cut price"rate 7 es 5'2+ '. ,2*s

draft, to back a a1a!2se' ,)e *'a2*e

ess2)a*e,' 2) ,s*'2e!

draw a bill, to *2'e' ,)e *'a2*e

>a1a'2e

damage, in case of e) 3as date of maturity debit note )o*e debt ,)e debtor ,) deeds
e**e

drawback

!e > 'a(6a3E> ?'e46o,'se4e)*

es

'o2*s

data processing !>2)0o'4a*2B,e

a*e >.3:.a)3e

>245o'*a*2o)@

drawee !e *2'. drawer !e *2'e,' duplicate, in e) duties, specific duty paid duty, excise
7 !>e)*'.e o,6!e e+e45!a2'e 'o2*s e o,a)e

debenture ,)e o6!2;a*2o)

e .62*

dutiable, to be C*'e so,42s a,+

e**e . o,a).

debt, to settle a '.;!e' ,)e

.62*e,'

'o2*s s5.3202B,es

decision, to make a 5'e)

es *2*'es

'e ,)e .32s2o)

'o2* e '.;2e/ a332ses 4a'3:a) 2ses e+e45*es e 'o2*s/ !26'es

duty*free goods
, 7 !a 0'o)*2<'e 'o2*s a3B,2**.s

delivered at frontier &)!#' 'e) delivered duty paid &))3' !21'. delivered duty unpaid &))6' delivery dates delivery note 6o)
e !21'a2so)

E*# endorser ,) e)
osse,'

!21'. 'o2*s )o) a3B,2**.s

.!a2s e !21'a2so)

ex*warehouse &EU%' 5'2+ e+ 4a;as2) ex*works &EU%' 5'2+

.5a'* ,s2)e e 1e)*e 2'e3*e >,s2)e

delivery, overdue ,)e !21'a2so) 'e*a' department ,) se'123e department store ,) ;'a) department, records
4a;as2)

.e

factory outlet ,) 4a;as2) file, to 3!asse' filing !e 3!asse4e)* filing cabinet ,) 4e,6!e

fall due, to a''21e' 7 .3:.a)3e

department, legal !e se'123e 3o)*e)*2e,+

!e se'123e es a'3:21es , 5e'so))e! e .5F*s

e 3!asse4e)*

department, staff !e se'123e deposit account ,) 3o45*e deposit slip ,) 6o' director ,) a

filing tray ,)e 3o'6e2!!e 7 3!asse4e)* fill in a document, to 'e45!2' ,) financial year !>e+e'323e 02)a)32e' flight ,) 1o! flow chart ,) o';a)2;'a44e foodstuffs 5'o foreman
,2*s a!24e)*a2'es ,) 3o)*'e4aA*'e o3,4e)*

e'ea, e 1e'se4e)*

designer ,) 3o)3e5*e,' 5,6!232*a2'e

42)2s*'a*e,'

disclose, to '.1.!e' discount ,) es3o45*e/ ,)e 'e42se discount a bill, to es3o45*e' ,)e *'a2*e discount rate !e *a,+ discount, rate of *a,+ discount, to es3o45*e' discount, trade es3o45*e dismiss, to !23e)32e' dismissal ,) !23e)32e4e)* ?5o,' 0a,*e@ dispatch, to e+5.
2e' >,sa;e >es3o45*e >es3o45*e

free carrier &#D(' 0'a)3o *'a)s5o'*e,' free of charge 0'a)3o freight, airborne !e 0'e* a.'2e) freight, sea *'a)s5o'* 4a'2*24e freight, seaborne !e 0'e* 4a'2*24e / general meeting !>asse46!.e ;.).'a!e general office !e se3'.*a'2a* ;.).'a! general partner asso32. ;.'a)*

display, to 5'.se)*e'/ e+5ose'

90

7"

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

general partnership ,)e so32.*. e) )o4 3o!!e3*20 /iro che,ue 3:<B,e 5os*a! 6'2*a))2B,e goods, consumer 62e)s goods, flawed 4a'3:a) goods, to clear grade, to 3a!26'e' grant a discount, to a33o' e' ,)e 'e42se 7 handle with care 4a)2e' a1e3 so2) handling operations o5.'a*2o)s haul ,) *'a9e* haul, to *'a)s5o'*e' 5a' !a 'o,*e haulage, road !e *'a)s5o'* 'o,*2e' head office !e s2<;e so32a! head storekeeper 3:e0 4a;as2)2e' hoisting device ,) a55a'e2!
e !e1a;e e 4a),*e)*2o) e 3o)so44a*2o) 2ses 5'.se)*a)* ,) .0a,*

issuing bank ,)e 6a)B,e item ,) a'*23!e item, defective ,) a'*23!e

>.42ss2o)

.0e3*,e,+ e 3a52*a,+ e s*o3E H.'o

+oint*stock company ,)e so32.*. +ust*in*time stock control ;es*2o) J*B

. o,a)e' !es 4a'3:a) 2ses

keyboard ,) 3!a12e' ?Ee8 ,)e *o,3:e@ lawyer ,) 9,'2s*e/ ,) a1o3a* leaflet ,)

.5!2a)* e 3o45*es !21'e e !>a';e)* e 3'. 2*

ledger, a ,) !21'e

hardware !>.B,25e)* 2)0o'4a*2B,e

Bedger, the !e ;'a)

lend money, to 5'C*e' levy taxes, to 5'.!e1e' liabilities !e 5ass20 liabilities, current line ,) 5'o link ,) !2e) list, packing ,)e !2s*e litigation ,) !2*2;e
>245o'*a*2o)

letter of credit &B"(' ,)e !e**'e

es *a+es

e**es e 'o2*s

liable to duty, to be C*'e 5ass26!e

,2*/ ,) a'*23!e

hold a meeting, to *e)2' ,)e '.,)2o) holder !e *2*,!a2'e/ !e 5o'*e,' ? $*9 import ,uotas !es 3o)*2);e)*s incur a loss, to s,62' ,)e 5e'*e indent ,)e 3o44a)
e e !>.*'a);e' >,) o3,4e)*@

home trade !e 3o44e'3e 2)*.'2e,'

e 3o!2sa;e

load, to 3:a';e' loan ,) 5'C* loan, secured 0 mail*order business !a 1e)*e 5a' 3o''es5o) manage, to a
42)2s*'e'/ 2'2;e'/ ;.'e' 2'e3*2o) 2s*'26,e' ,) 5'o ,2* ,3*2o) e) s.'2e a)3e ,) 5'C* s,' *2*'es

induce people to buy, to 5o,sse' !es ;e)s 7 a3:e*e' in,uire"en,uire about, to se 'e)se2;)e' in,uiry"en,uiry ,)e
e4a) e e 'e)se2;)e4e)*s

loan, unsecured ,) 5'C* sa)s ;a'a)*2e

insolvency 2)so!1a62!2*. inspection, on s,' 1.'2023a*2o) instrument of trade ,) e00e* insurance !es ass,'a)3es insurance company ,)e 3o45a;)2e insurance policy ,)e 5o!23e insured person !>ass,'. insurer !>ass,'e,' invoice ,)e 0a3*,'e invoice, consular ,)e 0a3*,'e 3o)s,!a2'e invoice, pro*forma ,)e 0a3*,'e 5'o=0o'4a invoice, to make out an .*a6!2' ,)e 0a3*,'e $<6 ,)e 'e3o))a2ssa)3e
e e**e o3,4e)* >ass,'a)3e >ass,'a)3e e 3o44e'3e

management !a

market a product, to

mass production !a 5'o

maturity, to come to 1e)2' 7 .3:.a)3e means of conveyance 4o8e)s measures, non*tariff merge, to 0,s2o))e' merger ,)e 0,s2o) middleman ,) 2)*e'4. 8*< network ,) '.sea, notice of tender ,) a55e!
>o00'es 2a2'e e *'a)s5o'* es 4es,'es )o) *a'20a2'es

insurance, old age ass,'a)3e 12e2!!esse

memorandum of association &0"!' a3*e 3o)s*2*,*20

mishandle, to 4a!4e)e'

issue a document, to .*a6!2' ,)

90

77

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL e 12'e4e)*

notice of transfer a12s office e,uipment one*man concern

principal ,) 3o44e**a)* printer 245'24a)*e producer ,) 5'o

,3*e,'

office automation !a 6,'ea,*2B,e

es 4a3:2)es e 6,'ea,

office, registered !e s2<;e so32a!

,)e e)*'e5'2se 2) 212 ,e!!e e 3o44a) e a*

profit ,) 6.).023e profit margins 4a';es 6.).0232a2'es promissory note &3"8' 62!!e* 7 o' prompt cash 3o45*a)*
>,sa;e 'e

order form ,) 6o) order, standing o' order, to 3o44a)

order, money ,) 4a)

e'

'e e 5'.!<1e4e)* a,*o4a*2B,e

prompt cash sale a3:a* 3o45*a)* prosecuted, to be C*'e 5o,'s,212 protest ,) 5'o*C* provisions &of a contract'
2s5os2*2o)s

order, to meet an e+.3,*e' ,)e 3o44a) order, to place an 5asse' ,)e 3o44a) output 5'o
,3*2o)/ 'e) e4e)* e

put in touch with someone, to be C*'e 42s e) 'a55o'* a1e3 B,e!B,>,) R*D ,uotation ,)
e12s/ ,)e 3o*a*2o)

overcharged, to be C*'e s,'0a3*,'. overdraft ,) overheads 3 pack, to e46a!!e' ?5'o*e3*2o)@ package, to e46a!!e'/ 3o) partner ,) asso32. partner, active ,) 3o44a) partnership ,)e so32.*.
2*./ asso32. ;.'a)* e 5e'so))es 2*e 2*2o))e' .3o,1e'* .3o,1e'*

overdraw, to *2'e' 7

!es 0'a2s ;.).'a,+

,uote a price, to 0o,')2' ,) 5'2+ range ,)e ;a44e rate, tapering ,) *a'20 rebate ,) 'a6a2s receipt ,) 'eI, ?
e 5a2e4e)*@ .;'ess20

owner ,) 5'o5'2.*a2'e

real estate 62e)s 244o62!2e's

packer ,) 4a),*e)*2o))a2'e

receipt, railway ,) '.3.52ss. receipts !es 'e3e**es receiver, official !>a red, to be in the C*'e refund, to 'e46o,'se' registered, to be C*'e 2)s3'2*
>.5a';)e 42)2s*'a*e,' 9, 232a2'e a)s !e 'o,;e/ a1o2' ,) .3o,1e'*

partnership, limited ,)e so32.*. e) 3o44a) partnership, to enter into

3o!!e3*20

0o'4e' ,)e so32.*. e) )o4

passbook ,) !21'e*

Degistrar of (ompanies !e 'e;2s*'e regulated, to be C*'e '.;2 rent !e !o8e' rental ,)e !o3a*2o) representative ,) 'e5'.se)*a)* re,uest, to so!!232*e'/ 5'2e' re,uire, to e+2;e' retail outlet ,) 5o2)* retire, to 5'e)
e 1e)*e e .*a2!

es so32.*.s

payee !e 6.).0232a2'e payment at sight ,) 5a2e4e)* 7 1,e payment received 5o,' a3B,2* payroll !e !21'e
es sa!a2'es/ !es sa!a2'es >.42ss2o)

place of issue !2e, port of discharge

planning !a 5!a)2023a*2o)
,) 5o'* e es*2)a*2o)/ 5o'* >a''21.e >e46a'B,e4e)*

port of loading 5o'* premises !es !o3a,+ premium 5'24e ? pricelist ,)e !2s*e

retail trade !e 3o44e'3e retirement !a 'e*'a2*e

'e sa 'e*'a2*e

>ass,'a)3e@ e *a'20s .02e)* *o,*e 3o)3,''e)3e

roll on"roll off system !e 'o,!a;e = safe, a ,) 3o00'e 0o'* sale, clearance ,)e 1e)*e !2B,2
a*2o)

prices, rock*bottom 5'2+

prices, slashed 5'2+ sa3'202.s prices, unbeatable 5'2+ 246a**a6!es

90

7&

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

sale, hire*purchase 1e)*e >e) !eas2);>/ !o3a*2o)=1e)*e sales policy ,)e 5o!2*2B,e sales terms !es 3o)
e 1e)*e 2*2o)s e 1e)*e e 3o44e'3e

stock, unsaleable s*o3E 2)1e) stockbroker ,) a;e)* store 4a;as2) storekeeper 4a;as2)2e' strike ,)e ;'<1e style !a 'a2so) so32a!e subsidiary ,)e 02!2a!e supplier ,) 0o,')2sse,'

a6!e

e 3:a);e

salesman, travelling ,) 1o8a;e,' sample ,) .3:a)*2!!o) sample, by s,' !>.3:a)*2!!o)

sample, up to 3o)0o'4e 7 !>.3:a)*2!!o) save money, to .3o)o42se'

e !>a';e)* e 2'e3*2o)

secretary, executive ,)e se3'.*a2'e security, a ,) *2*'e/ ,)e 1a!e,' send, to e+5.
2e' 200.'e)

supply someone with something, to

3:ose 7 B,e!B,>,)

0o,')2' B,e!B,e

supply, money !a 4asse 4o).*a2'e survey ,)e .*, e/ ,)e e)B,C*e T take over, to a3:e*e'/ 5'e) thrifty .3o)o4e timber !e 6o2s
e 3o)s*',3*2o) e 3o44e'3e 'e !a 2'e3*2o)

settle a dispute, to '.;!e' ,)

settle in cash, to '.;!e' e) ),4.'a2'e/ e) es5<3es shelf ,) 'a8o))a;e/ ,)e .*a;<'e ship, to e+5. shipper !>e+5.
2e' ? es 4a'3:a) 2ses@ 2*2o)

tax authorities !es se'123es 02s3a,+

shipment ,) e)1o2/ ,)e e+5.

2*e,'/ a;e)* >e+5. 2*2o)

shipping agent ,) a;e)* 4a'2*24e shipping company ,)e 3o45a;)2e 4a'2*24e shipping department !e se'123e shipping documents shipping order ,)e 3o44a) shopkeeper ,) 3o44e'Ia)* shop*soiled
.0'aA3:2 e 4a!a 2e 2e ,) 3o44a) 2*a2'e/ es e+5. 2*2o)s o3,4e)*s >e+5. 2*2o) e e !>.*'a);e' 'es ?3o)*e)e,'s@

Trade (ourts *'26,)a,+

trade, foreign !e 3o44e'3e e+*.'2e,' trade, wholesale !e 3o44e'3e trader ,) 3o44e'Ia)* trader, sole ,) 3o44e'Ia)* 2) train, by passenger e) ;'a) trustee ,) a
42)2s*'a*e,' >a00a2'es .5e) a)* e ;'os

shipping, container !e *'a)s5o'* 5a' 3a

train, by goods e) 5e*2*e 12*esse

e 12*esse

sick leave 3o);.

turnover 3:200'e 6*T

sickness benefits ass,'a)3e 4a!a

6a2!!e,' e 0o) s

type, by s,' s5.324e) undercharged, to be C*'e so,s=0a3*,'. underwriter ,) ass,'e,' ?4a'2*24e@ unless otherwise agreed utility bill
sa,0 2) 23a*2o)s 3o)*'a2'es es se'123es 5,6!23s ?;aH/ ,)e 0a3*,'e

silent partner &sleeping partner' slash prices, to 3asse' !es 5'2+ software !o;232e!s sort, to *'2e' statement of affairs ,) 62!a) statement of invoices 'e!e1. station, receiving !a ;a'e stationery !a 5a5e*e'2e status !e s*a*,* o, 3o)
2*2o) !.;a!

e 0a2!!2*e e 0a3*,'es

.!e3*'232*.@

valuables !es o69e*s

?T-A@

e 1a!e,' Ta+e s,' !a -a!e,' A9o,*.e

>a''21.e

Talue !dded Tax &T!T'

vehicle, articulated ,) 1.:23,!e se42='e4o'B,e venture ,)e e)*'e5'2se % wagons, sealed

es (a;o)s s3e!!.s

stock ,)e 1a!e,'/ ,)e a3*2o) stock control card ,)e 023:e =tock Exchange !a 6o,'se stock shortage ',5*,'e
e s*o3E es 1a!e,'s

e s*o3E

warehouse !e 4a;as2) warehouse, bonded ,) 4a;as2) ;.).'a!

e o,a)e

stock, to take 0a2'e !>2)1e)*a2'e

90

79

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

warehouseman ,) 4a;as2)2e' warehousing !>e)*'e5osa;e warrant ,) (a''a)* waybill ,)e 0e,2!!e

e 'o,*e/ !e**'e e 1o2*,'e 2sso, 'e ,)e so32.*. e !>a';e)*

appel dMoffres )o*23e o0 *e) arriver _ :ch:ance *o 0a!! article 2*e4 article d:fectueux

e'

,e

e0e3*21e 2*e4

wind up a company, to withdrawal ,) 'e*'a2* withdrawal slip ,) 6o'

assembl:e g:n:rale ;e)e'a! 4ee*2); associ: 5a'*)e'

withdraw money, to 'e*2'e'

e'ea, e 'e46o,'se4e)* e *e+*es ?TTX@

associ: g:rant ;e)e'a! 5a'*)e' assurance maladie s23E)ess 6e)e02*s assurance vieillesse o! assurances 2)s,'a)3e assur:, un a) 2)s,'e
a;e 2)s,'a)3e

word processor ,) *'a2*e4e)* wrap, to e)1e!o55e' wrapping !a 3o,1e'*,'e ? writing, in 5a' .3'2*

worker, skilled ,) o,1'2e' B,a!202.

e 5'o*e3*2o)@

5e'so) e'('2*e' 'a0* a4a;e

assureur &maritime' ,)

avaliser une traite *o 6a3E a avarie, en cas de 2) 3ase o0

%'(5+>-E56;02>
! accorder du cr:dit *o ;'a)* 3'e accorder une remise *o ;'a)* a
o' e' 2* 2s3o,)* a3E)o(!e ;e4e)* o0

avis de virement )o*23e o0 *'a)s0e' avoir un solde cr:diteur *o 6e 2) *:e 6!a3E > ban,ue dMaffaires 4e'3:a)* 6a)E ban,ue dM:mission 2ss,2); 6a)E ban,ue dMoutremer o1e'seas 6a)E ban,ue de d:p\ts 3!ea'2); 6a)E barrer un chZ,ue *o 3'oss a 3:eB,e b:n:fice 5'o02* b:n:ficiaire *:e 5a8ee biens de consommation 3o)s,4e' ;oo biens immobiliers 'ea! es*a*e bilan 6a!a)3e s:ee*
3,''e)* asse*s s

accus: de r:ception de commande achat comptant 5'o45* 3as: sa!e acheminer, transporter *o 3o)1e8

acheter, prendre la direction *o *aEe o1e' acheteur :ventuel 5o*e)*2a! 6,8e' ac,uit, pour 5a84e)* 'e3e21e acte constitutif 4e4o'a) actif asse*s actif circulant, de roulement administrateur
2'e3*o' ,4 o0 asso32a*2o) ?MJA@

bilan de faillite s*a*e4e)* o0 a00a2's bilan de sant: 3:e3E ,5 billet _ ordre 5'o42sso'8 )o*e ?PJN@ bois de construction *246e' bon dM:tat 6o) bon de commande o' bon de livraison
e' 0o'4

administrateur +udiciaire o00232a! 'e3e21e' administrer, diriger, g:rer affaire a 6a';a2) agence de publicit: a agence, succursale
1e'*2s2); a;e)38 6'a)3: *o 4a)a;e

e!21e'8 )o*e 'a(a! s!25

agent de change s*o3E6'oEe' agent en douane 3!ea'2); a;e)* agent exclusif so!e a;e)* agent maritime s:2552); a;e)* aide*comptable 6ooEEee5e' annuler une commande *o 3a)3e! a) o' appareil de levage :o2s*2);
e123e e'

bordereau de remboursement (2*: bordereau de versement

e5os2* s!25

bordereau dMexp:dition 3o)s2;)4e)* )o*e bourse des valeurs S*o3E E+3:a);e bureau de douane ",s*o4 Ho,se bureauti,ue, la o0023e a,*o4a*2o) (

90

&0

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

cahier des charges 6ooE o0 s5e32023a*2o)s caisse a 3ase caisse _ claire*voie a 3'a*e calibrer *o ;'a
e

commissaire priseur a,3*2o)ee' commissionnaire, un 3o442ss2o) a;e)* compagnie dMassurance

2)s,'a)3e 3o45a)8

compagnie maritime s:2552); 3o45a)8 comptabilit: &les :critures' 6ooEEee52); comptabilit: en partie double comptabilit: en partie simple comptable a) a33o,)*a)* comptant dMusage 5'o45* 3as: compte courant 3,''e)* a33o,)* compte de d:p\ts
e5os2* a33o,)* es2;)e' o,6!e=e)*'8 6ooEEee52); s2);!e=e)*'8 6ooEEee52);

carnet de chZ,ues 3:eB,e 6ooE cas de force ma+eure, catastrophe naturelle a3* o0 Ko casser les prix *o s!as: 5'23es caution pour un pr[t 3o!!a*e'a! cha^ne de magasins a 3:a2) o0 s*o'es cha^ne de montage asse46!8 !2)e chambre de compensation 3!ea'2); :o,se chambre froide 3o! charger *o !oa charte partie 3:a'*e' 5a'*8 ?"JP@ chef magasinier :ea chZ,ue barr: 3'osse chZ,ue en bois
s*o'eEee5e' =s*o'a;e ,)2*

concepteur publicitaire

conditions de vente sa!es *e'4s conforme _ lM:chantillon ,5 *o sa45!e cong: de maladie s23E !ea1e connaissement 62!! o0 !a
2); ?BJL@ o0 2'e3*o's

chZ,ue au porteur 3:eB,e *o 6ea'e'

3:eB,e 3:eB,e

conseil dMadministration 6oa' conseiller, un a 3o)s,!*a)*

chZ,ue certifi: 3e'*202e

, 3:eB,e

consignataire, destinataire *:e 3o)s2;)ee consommateur *:e 3o)s,4e' consommation 3o)s,45*2o) conteneur herm:ti,ue a2'=*2;:* 3o)*a2)e' conteneurs :tanches (a*e'5'oo0 3o)*a2)e's conteneurs, mise en 3o)*a2)e'2Ha*2o)

chZ,ue postal britanni,ue K2'o 3:eB,e chZ,ue sans provisions 3:eB,e (2*:o,* 3o1e' chiffre dMaffaires classement 02!2); classer *o 02!e clavier Ee86oa' coffre fort a sa0e commande de lM:tranger commande de lM:tranger commander *o o'
5a'*)e'@ e' s2!e)* 5a'*)e' ?s!ee52); a) 2) e)* s:2552); o' e' e' ?,)e *o,3:e a Ee8@ *,')o1e'

contingents dMimportation 245o'* B,o*as contrema^tre

0o'e4a)

client :ventuel 5'os5e3*21e 3,s*o4e'

contr\ler *o 3:e3E corbeille _ classement 02!2); *'a8 court dMargent, [tre _ *o 6e o,* o0 3as: courtier 6'oEe' co]ts de production 5'o
,3*2o) 3os*s

commande, passer une *o 5!a3e a) o' commanditaire, bailleur de fonds commandit:, associ: g:rant commer`ant

co]ts dMexploitation o5e'a*2); 3os*s couverture &de protection' ('a552); cr:ancier 3'e 2*o' ) date dM:ch:ance d:biteur
e6*o' a*e o0 4a*,'2*8

a3*21e 5a'*)e'

s:o5Eee5e'J*'a e' e'

commer`ant ind:pendant so!e *'a commerce de d:tail 'e*a2! *'a

e

commerce de gros (:o!esa!e *'a commerce ext:rieur 0o'e2;) *'a commerce int:rieur
:o4e *'a e e

d:claration en douane 3,s*o4s e)*'8 d:couvert, un a) o1e'

'a0* s

d:douaner les marchandises *o 3!ea' ;oo d:fense du consommateur 3o)s,4e'2s4 d:fra^chi

s:o5=so2!e

commettant *:e 5'2)325a! commissaire aux comptes a,

2*o'

90

&1

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

d:gats

a4a;e e!21e'8 a*es

entreprise
62

3o)3e')/ 1e)*,'e a 62 e'/

d:lais de livraison

entreprise ad+udicataire ou soumissionnaire

2); 3o45a)8

demande de renseignements 2)B,2'8Je)B,2'8 d:pliant, un a !ea0!e* d:poser le bilan *o 02!e a 5e*2*2o) 2) 6a)E',5*38 dessinateur industriel dette
'a,;:*s4a) e6* ? e**es 3,''e)* !2a62!2*2es@

entreprise individuelle o)e=4a) 3o)3e') envelopper *o ('a5 envoi, exp:dition a s:254e)* :,uipent informati,ue :a' escompte dMusage *'a escompte"remise a escompter *o
2s3o,)* 2s3o,)* a 62!! o3,4e)* (a'e e 2s3o,)*

devis, cotation B,o*a*2o) direction, la *:e 4a)a;e4e)* dispositions 5'o12s2o)s ?o0 a 3o)*'a3*@ dissoudre une soci:t: *o (2)
,5 a 3o45a)8 ,3*

2s3o,)*

escompter une traite *o :tablir une facture

distribuer un produit *o 4a'Ee* a 5'o documents dMexp:dition s:2552); douanier, le 3,s*o4s o0023e' double exemplaire, en 2)
'a(6a3E ,5!23a*e

:tablir un document *o 2ss,e a :tude, en,u[te s,'1e8

o3,4e)*s

*o 4aEe o,* a) 2)1o23e

ex:cuter une commande *o 4ee* a) o' exercice financier exiger *o 'eB,2'e exp:dier &des
02)a)32a! 8ea'

e'

drawback &remboursement des droits dMimportation' droit de courtage 6'oEe'a;e 0ee droit de r:gie, accises
e+32se ,*8 ,*2es ,*2a6!e

marchandises'

*o

s:25J3o)s2;)J 2s5a*3:Jse) ?;oo s@

droits de douane 3,s*o4s

exp:diteur, agent dMexp:dition s:255e'J3o)s2;)o' # facture 2)1o23e facture consulaire 3o)s,!a' 2)1o23e facture des services publics &ga;, :lectricit:' facture pro*forma 5'o=0o'4a 2)1o23e failli, un a 6a)E',5* faillite, une a 6a)E',5*38 ?0a2'e 0a2!!2*e *o ;o 6a)E',5*@ fauch:, [tre *o 6e 6'oEe feuille de route, lettre de voiture (a862!! feuilleter *o 6'o(se fiche de stock s*o3E 3o)*'o! 3a' filiale a s,6s2
2a'8 ,*2!2*8 62!!

droits de douane, [tre soumis aux *o 6e droits sp:cifi,ues s5e32023 ,*2es E :bauche, traite
'a0*

:chantillon a sa45!e :chantillon, sur le 68 sa45!e :ch:ance, venir _ *o 3o4e *o 4a*,'2*8 :conome *:'20*8 :conomiser de lMargent *o sa1e 4o)e8 :crit, par 2) ('2*2); :critures comptables 6ooEEee52); e)*'2es :critures, passer les *o e)*e' 2) *:e 6ooE effet de commerce 2)s*',4e)* o0 *'a emballer &protection' *o 5a3E emballer, conditionner *o 5a3Ea;e emprunteur a 6o''o(e' encaisser un chZ,ue *o 3as: a 3:eB,e enchZres, vente aux a,3*2o) sa!e endosseur *:e e)
o'se' e' e

fonctionnaire, un a 3212! se'1a)* fonds, [tre en *o 6e 2) 3as: former une soci:t: en nom collectif
5a'*)e's:25 *o e)*e' 2)*o

fournir ,uel,ue chose _ ,uel,uMun

(2*: so4e*:2);

*o s,55!8 so4eo)e

fournir un prix *o B,o*e a 5'23e fournisseur a s,55!2e' frais de transport 3:a';es/ 0'e2;:* frais g:n:raux
o1e':ea s

enregistrer une commande *o 6ooE a) o' entreposage (a'e:o,s2); entrepreneur 3o)*'a3*o'

franco 0'ee o0 3:a';e

90

&2

DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

franco transporteur 0'ee 3a''2e' ?FR"@ fret a:rien a2'6o')e 0'e2;:* fret maritime sea6o')e 0'e2;:* fusion a 4e';e' fusionner *o 4e';e / gamme 'a);e gare dMarriv:e 'e3e212); s*a*2o) gestion de stock ;:ro 9,s*=2)=*24e s*o3E 3o)*'o! grand livre, le *:e Le grand magasin grZve s*'2Ee guichet &bancaire' automati,ue a,*o4a*23 *e!!e' 4a3:2)e ?ATM@ 7*$ huissier 6a2!200 immobilisations 02+e imprimante a 5'2)*e' imputer _ un compte &cr:dit' *o 3:a';e *o a) a33o,)* informati,ue
a*a 5'o3ess2); asse*s ;e' e5a'*4e)* s*o'e

livre de comptes a !e

;e' a33o,)*s 5a8a6!e 6ooE

livre des effets _ payer

livre des effets _ recevoir a33o,)*s 'e3e21a6!e 6ooE livre des salaires, les salaires livr: droits ac,uitt:s
e!21e'e *:e 5a8'o!! ,*8 5a2 ?$$P@ ,*8 ,)5a2 ?$$L@

livr: droits non ac,uitt:s livret dM:pargne 5ass6ooE location 'e)*a! locaux 5'e42ses logiciel&s' so0*(a'e loyer 'e)*

e!21e'e

0 machine _ adresser a machines de bureau

'ess2); 4a3:2)e o0023e eB,254e)*

magasin s*o'e/ (a'e:o,se magasin de vente directe dMusine 0a3*o'8 o,*!e* magasin g:n:ral de douane 6o) malmener *o 42s:a)
!e e (a'e:o,se

informatiser, mettre sur ordinateur *o 3o45,*e'2He inscrit, [tre *o 6e 'e;2s*e'e insolvabilit: 2)so!1e)38 interdire *o 6a) interm:diaire, un a 42 9*B +uriste, avocat !a(8e' l:galement tenu, [tre *o 6e 6o,) lettre de cr:dit !e**e' o0 3'e
68 !a( !e4a)

magasinier s*o'eEee5e'/ (a'e:o,se4a) mandat 4o)e8 o'

e' !e (2*: 3a'e !2); o5e'a*2o)s

inventaire, faire le *o *aEe s*o3E

manier avec soin :a)

manutention, op:rations de :a) manutentionnaire 5a3Ee'

marchandises exemptes de droits, libres _ lMentr:e

0'ee ;oo s

,*8=

lettre de change 62!! o0 e+3:a);e ?BJE@

2* ?LJ"@

marchandises pr:sentant un d:faut 0!a(e marges b:n:ficiaires 5'o02* 4a';2)s masse mon:taire
4o)e8 s,55!8

;oo s

lettre de recouvrement 3o!!e3*2o) !e**e' lettre de transport a:rien &BT!' a2' (a862!! licenciement &pour faute' licencier *o lien !2)E lieu dM:mission 5!a3e o0 2ss,e liste de colisage 5a3E2); !2s* liste de tarifs 5'23e!2s* litige !e;a!
2s5,*e/ !2*2;a*2o)/ !a(s,2* ,e e!21e'8 2s42ss 2s42ssa!

mesures non tarifaires )o)=*a'200 4eas,'es meuble de classement 8*< nomination a55o2)*4e)* note de d:bit obligation
e62* )o*e 02!2); 3a62)e*

moyens de transport 4ea)s o0 3o)1e8a)3e

ob+ets de valeur 1a!,a6!es

e6e)*,'e

livraison retard:e o1e'

livre de caisse 3as: 6ooE

obligatoire 3o45,!so'8

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DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

offre, soumission a 62 opposition _ un che,ue, faire *o s*o5 a 3:eB,e ordinateur a 3o45,*e' ordre du +our a;e)
a

prix d:fient toute concurrence

'o3E=6o**o4 5'23es

prix d:part usine e+=(o'Es ?EXM@ prix ex magasin e+=(a'e:o,se ?EXM@ prix imbattables ,)6ea*a6!e 5'23es prix r:duits, _ des 3,* 5'23eJ'a*e prix sacrifi:s
s!as:e 5'23es ,3e' ,3*2o)

organigramme 0!o( 3:a'* ouvrier ,ualifi: sE2!!e 3 paiement _ vue 5a84e)* a* s2;:* paiement comptant _ la commande
?"MO@ 3as: (2*: o' e' (o'Ee'

producteur, un a 5'o

production en s:rie 4ass 5'o production, rendement o,*5,* produit, article !2)eJ5'o
,3*

produits alimentaires 0oo

e!21e'8 ?"O$@

s*,00s

paiement comptant _ la livraison 3as: o) papeterie s*a*2o)e'8 papier MkraftM 6'o() 5a5e' passible de droits, [tre *o 6e !2a6!e *o passif, le !2a62!2*2es percevoir des int:r[ts *o 3:a';e 2)*e'es* plainte 3o45!a2)* plan comptable a33o,)*2); s8s*e4 planification 5!a))2); point de vente 'e*a2! o,*!e* police dMassurance 2)s,'a)3e 5o!238 politi,ue de vente sa!es 5o!238 port de destination, port dMarriv:e 5o'* o0 port dMembar,uement
5o'* o0 !oa 2); ,*8

propri:taire, le *:e o()e' prot[t 5'o*es* publicit: mensongZre

e3e5*21e a 1e'*2s2);

publicit:, la a 1e'*2s2); ?,)e 5,6!232*./ ,) a))o)3e a) a 1e'*2se4e)*@ D rabais 'e6a*e raison so32a!e s*8!e rapport avec ,uel,uMun, [tre mis en
(2*: so4eo)e *o 6e 5,* 2) *o,3:

rayonnage, :tagZre s:e!0 r:c:piss: 'e3e25*/ a3E)o(!e

2s3:a';e ;e4e)*

recettes

'e3e25*s

reconnaissance de dette a) %OL re`u &de paiement' 'e3e25* r:dacteur publicitaire 3o58('2*e' r:gi, [tre *o 6e 'e;,!a*e registre des soci:t:s Re;2s*'a' o0 "o45a)2es r:gler en num:raire"en espZces *o se**!e 2) 3as: r:gler un diff:rend *o se**!e a
2s5,*e

poursuivi, [tre *o 6e 5'ose3,*e pousser les gens _ acheter *o 2)

,3e 5eo5!e *o 6,8 e62*2); ?*'a)s0e'@ 2); o' e'

pr:lZvement automati,ue a,*o4a*23 pr:lever des taxes *o !e18 *a+es prendre sa retraite *o 'e*2'e prendre une d:cision *o 4aEe a pr:senter, exposer &un produit' *o pr[t a !oa) pr[t sans garantie a) ,)se3,'e pr[t sur titres a se3,'e pr[ter de lMargent *o !e) prime 6o),s prix de revient 3os* 5'23e prix de soldes 6a';a2) 5'23es
!oa) 4o)e8 !oa)

pr:lZvement automati,ue, ordre de s*a)

e32s2o) 2s5!a8

r:gler une dette *o se**!e a relations dMaffaires relev: de factures

e6*

6,s2)ess 3o))e3*2o)s

pr:sider une r:union *o 3:a2' a 4ee*2);

s*a*e4e)* o0 2)1o23es

rembourser *o 'e0,) remplir un document *o 02!! 2) a rendu _ la frontiZre r:seau

)e*(o'E 'a( 4o)e8 o3,4e)* e!21e'e a* 0'o)*2e' ?$AF@

repr:sentant, un a) a;e)*J'e5'ese)*a*21e retirer de lMargent *o (2*: retrait, un a (2*:

'a(a!

prime &dMassurance' a 5'e42,4

retraite, la 'e*2'e4e)*

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DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

r:v:ler *o

2s3!ose

stock invendable ,)sa!ea6!e s*o3E subir une perte *o 2)3,' a !oss supports publicitaires, m:dias T talon 3o,)*e'0o2! ?*a!o)
e 3:<B,e 3:eB,e s*,6@ a 1e'*2s2); 4e 2a

ris,ues du propri:taire, aux a* o()e'>s '2sE ?OR@ ris,ues du transporteur, aux a* 3a''2e'>s '2sE ?"R@ rouge, [tre dans le"avoir un d:couvert roulage 'o!! o)J'o!! o00 s8s*e4 rupture de stock s*o3E s:o'*a;e = sauf indications contraires ,)!ess o*:e'(2se a;'ee se conformer _ *o 3o45!8 (2*: se renseigner *o 2)B,2'eJe)B,2'e a6o,* secr:taire de direction e+e3,*21e se3'e*a'8 secr:tariat g:n:ral service
;e)e'a! o0023e e5a'*4e)* *o 6e 2) *:e 'e

surfactur:, [tre *o 6e o1e'3:a';e

tarif d:gressif *a5e'2); 'a*e tarifs douaniers 3,s*o4s *a'200s taux dMescompte 'a*e o0
?-AT@ 2s3o,)* -a!,e A e Ta+

Taxe sur la Taleur !+out:e &TT!' tenir les livres *o Eee5 *:e 6ooEs tenir une r:union *o :o! tir:, le *:e
'a(ee *o o1e' 'a( 'a( a 62!! a 4ee*2);

service aprZs*vente a0*e'=sa!es se'123e service comptable a33o,)*s service contentieux !e;a! service de
e5a'*4e)* e5a'*4e)* e5a'*4e)* 6ooEEee52);Ja33o,)*s

tirer _ d:couvert tirer une traite *o tireur, le *:e

comptabilit:

'a(e' ee s@ e'

titre, valeur a se3,'2*8 ?*2*'es

s e5a'*4e)* e5a'*4e)*

service des archives 'e3o' service du personnel s*a00 service publicit: a siZge social :ea soci:t: 3o45a)8

titulaire, porteur &dMun document' :o! toucher, encaisser

*o 3as:

service des exp:ditions s:2552);

e5a'*4e)*

traite de complaisance a33o44o traite documentaire

5'o3esso'

a*2o) 62!!

1e'*2s2); e5a'*4e)*

o3,4e)*a'8 'a0* (o' 5'o3ess2);/ a (o'

services fiscaux *a+ a,*:o'2*2es

o0023e/ 'e;2s*e'e o0023e

traitement de textes &TTU' tra+et :a,!

5'21a*e 3o45a)8

soci:t: _ responsabilit: limit:e &=!DB'

?L* N@

transitaire, le *:e 0o'(a'

2); a;e)*

transport 3o)1e8a)3eJ*'a)s5o'* transport maritime sea 0'e2;:* transport par cadres &conteneurs' transport routier 'oa transporteur
3a''2e' e "o,'*s :a,!a;e 3o)*a2)e' s:2552);

soci:t: anonyme &=!' 5,6!23 3o45a)8 ?P!3N@ soci:t: de capitaux 9o2)*=s*o3E 3o45a)8 soci:t: de personnes 5a'*)e's:25 soci:t: en commandite !242*e solde 6a!a)3e soldes, vente en 6a';a2) sa!e solliciter, prier *o 'eB,es* sous condition o) a55'o1a! sous douane 2) 6o) sous*factur:, [tre *o 6e ,) sp:cimen, sur 68 *85e statut ou condition l:gal s*a*,s statuts de la soci:t:
asso32a*2o) ?AJA@ a'*23!es o0 5a'*)e's:25 ?AJP@/ o0 e'3:a';e 5a'*)e's:25

transporter par la route *o :a,! tribunaux de commerce T'a trier *o so'* 6*% unions douaniZres 3,s*o4s ,)2o)s valeur, action s*o3E v:hicule semi*remor,ue a'*23,!a*e vente li,uidation 3!ea'a)3e sa!e vente par correspondance 4a2!=o' ventilation &des co]ts' 6'eaE
o() e' 6,s2)ess 1e:23!e

soci:t: en nom collectif ;e)e'a! 5a'*)e's:25

vente Men leasingM, location*vente :2'e=5,'3:ase sa!e

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DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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v:rification, sur o) 2)s5e3*2o) v:rifier"apurer les comptes *o a, vitesse, en petite 68 ;oo vol 0!2;:* volumineux 6,!E8 voyageur de commerce *'a1e!!2); sa!es4a) vrac, en 2) 6,!E wagons scell:s sea!e warrant (a''a)*
(a;o)s s *'a2) 2* *:e a33o,)*s

vitesse, en grande 68 5asse);e' *'a2)

L02/ 7) =2=*; 0''(6=;*' 1('-2

to awake to bear to beat to become awoke bore beat became awoken borne beaten become &se' r:veiller supporter battre devenir

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DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

to begin to bend to bet to bid to bind to bite to bleed to blow to break to breed to bring to build to burn to burst to buy to cast to catch to choose to cling to come to cost to creep to cut to deal to dig to do to draw to dream to drink to drive to dwell to eat to fall to feed to feel to fight to find to flee to fling to fly to forbid to forget to forgive to free;e to get to give to go to grind to grow to hang to have to hear to hide to hit to hold to hurt to keep to kneel to know

began bent bet bid bound bit bled blew broke bred brought built burnt burst bought cast caught chose clung came cost crept cut dealt dug did drew dreamt drank drove dwelt ate fell fed felt fought found fled flung flew forbade forgot forgave fro;e got gave went ground grew hung had heard hid hit held hurt kept knelt knew

begun bent bet bid bound bitten bled blown broken bred brought built burnt burst bought cast caught chosen clung come cost crept cut dealt dug done drawn dreamt drunk driven dwelt eaten fallen fed felt fought found fled flung flown forbidden forgotten forgiven fro;en got given gone ground grown hung had heard hidden hit held hurt kept knelt known

commencer &se' courber parier offrir &un prix' lier, relier mordre saigner souffler casser :lever &du b:tail' apporter construire br]ler :clater acheter +eter attraper choisir sMaccrocher venir co]ter ramper couper distribuer creuser faire dessiner r[ver boire conduire habiter manger tomber nourrir sentir, :prouver combattre trouver sMenfuir +eter violemment voler interdire oublier pardonner geler obtenir donner aller moudre grandir pendre, accrocher avoir entendre &se' cacher frapper, atteindre tenir blesser garder sMagenouiller savoir, conna^tre

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DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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to lay to lead to lean to leap to learn to leave to lend to let to lie to light to lose to make to mean to meet to pay to put to ,uit to read to rid to ride to ring to rise to run to saw to say to see to seek to sell to send to set to sew to shake to shear to shed to shine to shoe to shoot to show to shrink to shut to sing to sink to sit to sleep to slide to sling to slink to slit to smell to sow to speak to speed to spell to spend to spill to spit to split to spoil to spread

laid led leant leapt learnt left lent let lay lit lost made meant met paid put ,uit read rid rode rang rose ran sawed said saw sought sold sent set sewed shook sheared shed shone shod shot showed shrank shut sang sank sat slept slid slung slunk slit smelt sowed spoke sped spelt spent spilt spat split spoilt spread

laid led leant leapt learnt left lent let lain lit lost made meant met paid put ,uit read rid ridden rung risen run sawn said seen sought sold sent set sewn shaken shorn shed shone shod shot shown shrunk shut sung sunk sat slept slid slung slunk slit smelt sown spoken sped spelt spent spilt spat split spoilt spread

poser _ plat mener sMappuyer sauter apprendre laisser, ,uitter pr[ter permettre, louer [tre :tendu allumer perdre faire, fabri,uer signifier &se' rencontrer payer mettre cesser &de' lire d:barrasser chevaucher sonner sM:lever, se lever courir scier dire voir chercher vendre envoyer fixer coudre secouer tondre &des moutons' verser &des larmes' briller ferrer, chausser tirer montrer r:tr:cir fermer chanter couler [tre assis dormir glisser lancer &avec force' aller furtivement fendre, inciser sentir &odorat' semer parler aller _ toute vitesse :peler d:penser renverser &un li,uide' cracher fendre gacher, gater r:pandre

90

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DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

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to spring to stand to steal to stick to sting to stink to stride to strike to string to strive to swear to sweep to swell to swim to swing to take to teach to tear to tell to think to throw to thrust to tread to understand to wake to wear to weave to weep to win to wind to wring to write

sprang stood stole stuck stung stank strode struck strung strove swore swept swelled swam swung took taught tore told thought threw thrust trod understood woke wore wove wept won wound wrung wrote

sprung stood stolen stuck stung stunk stridden struck strung striven sworn swept swollen swum swung taken taught torn told thought thrown thrust trodden understood woken worn woven wept won wound wrung written

+aillir, bondir [tre debout voler, d:rober coller pi,uer puer marcher _ grands pas frapper enfiler, tendre &une corde' sMefforcer +urer balayer enfler nager se balancer prendre enseigner d:chirer dire, raconter penser +eter enfoncer fouler aux pieds comprendre &se' r:veiller porter &des v[tements' tisser pleurer gagner enrouler tordre :crire

%ib!iogr'(h) * Webogr'(h)

English web sites 4

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DRIF CDC TERTIAIRE

Mme. MALKI NAWAL

www. English page . com www. /oFenglish.com amandia.com e*anglais.com anglaisfacile.com

English documentation4 <xford 6niversity press 7!DD!3= )ictionary >>( %orld news paper

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90