Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Brochure

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Contents
Group Overview Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation System Overview Individual Product Overview Induction Array IAT Multi Array Sonic MAS Litho Density LDT Compensated Neutron Log CNL Gamma Ray Tool GRT Acoustic Software Package MASware Acquisition Systems DRS Accessories General Specications Technical Overview Case Studies Notes
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Sondex plc
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Group Overview
Sondex plc designs, manufactures and provides electromechanical equipment to oileld service companies running well-site operations for oil or gas corporations. Sondex's headquarters are in the UK and the Company is listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Quality and Reliability Sondex equipment is used to assist in drilling and monitoring operations worldwide, primarily in mature oil and gas reservoirs. Sondex enjoys an excellent reputation for designing, developing and engineering high quality, reliable technology delivered through exceptional customer service. Commitment to R&D We are totally dedicated to offering customers state-ofthe-art solutions designed to meet changing conditions and requirements. Our product range is constantly improved and enhanced, with around 10% of revenues spent annually on Research and Development. Product Centres Continuous product development programmes and equipment manufacturing are undertaken at modern, well-equipped and strategically located Product Centres in the UK, USA & Canada. Global Network Our customers are global, so is our capability. A worldwide network of international ofces provides specialist sales and local customer support for all product lines. Clear Benets Our experience, expertise and outstanding product portfolio offer customers innovative, exible solutions that: Combine cost-effectiveness with optimum efciency Minimise operating costs Maximise precious technical, scientic and human resources Maintain or increase vital production capability

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Sondex is an ISO9001:2000 registered company

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Sondex Wireline Division Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation

Open Hole logging attempts to understand the properties of a well after the initial drilling process has been completed. Collecting formation information is the corner stone of Open Hole U-FLT (UltrawireTM Formation Logging Tools) logging, and is vital in determining the feasibility and commercial viability of the well. Running Sondex Formation Evaluation tools in a well can provide crucial information that cannot be obtained through other means.

Determining porosity of the formation Formation porosity is a fundamental measurement in determining the performance of a well. This information can both help establish production regimes and, when skillfully managed, signicantly extend the life of a well. The Sondex range of formation evaluation tools such as the Litho Density (LDT), Compensated Neutron (CNL) and Multi Array Sonic (MAS) can efciently determine formation porosities for use in well analysis. Determine formation resistivity Formation resistivity is used to help both to establish the presence of hydrocarbons within the formation and the relative amount present. Sondex formation evaluation tools, such as the Induction Array (IAT), can accurately measure formation resistivity. Also, when used in combination with the varying degrees of depth resolution afforded by the multi array coil conguration of the IAT, it can also assess the depth of mud invasion into the formation.

Lithology determination A clear picture of rock mechanics and their properties are essential to effectively produce or enhance production in any well. By understanding the lithology in a formation, petrophysicists are better equipped to determine the feasibility of the well and tailor production accordingly. Sondex LDT and MAS tools assist specialists in ascertaining the lithological qualities of any well, and therefore maximising production. Gas detection Ascertaining the existence of gas in a well is vital. The presence of gas in the formation can be highlighted simply and swiftly through the use of various Sondex U-FLT tool combinations. A combination of our LDT and CNL or CNL and MAS tools, on a single run in the well, quickly identies the presence and location of gas.

Water saturation In order to effectively design an efcient production regime, it is critical to fully understand the balance of water against oil in any formation. The Sondex range helps petrophycists and geologists to precisely gauge water saturation (Sw) levels a key element in Open Hole logging information.

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Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation System Overview

The Formation Evaluation System key elements The U-FLT Open Hole Formation Evaluation system consists of: An Induction Array Litho Density Compensated Neutron Multi Array Sonic A Gamma Ray

What are the main functions? Sondex Open Hole Formation Evaluation tools provide denitive data concerning formation porosity, resistivity and gas determination. They also enable enhanced and accurate Sw and lithology calculations. Utilising the basic U-FLT allows operators to fully comprehend the parameters of their well and plan the next stage in its development with total condence. What are the key features and benets? The perfect combination for a single pass in the well Simultaneous sonic modes for single pass data collection Neutron modelled for both Cf and AmBe sources Surface Read Out The versatile ability to be run in combination with other Sondex UltrawireTM tools Extremely short stack combination, reducing the amount of overhole to be drilled Transport exibility the tools can be broken down to lengths of 10ft for shipment

DRS015 surface system

U-FLT Example Log

DPI Upper Standoff Fins

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Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Individual Product Overview

Induction Array IAT The Induction Array (IAT) provides resistivity information at radial distances of 10in, 20in, 30in, 60in and 90in and depth resolutions of 2ft or 4ft. This combination gives operators a completely comprehensive resistivity prole of any formation.
What are the major benets? The Induction Array determines the formation resistivity, using the real and quadrature signals induced in the formation. By using both signals for each coil combination, the tool is ideally equipped to compensate for skin effect. This provides a more accurate tool response. This improved response, in turn, allows for better invasion prole determination, in addition to precise water saturation calculations. IAT Key features: 5 depths of investigation 2ft and 4ft depth resolution output Transport exibility it can be broken down to less than 10ft for transport SP incorporated into the design An attractively short design, requiring less overhole to be drilled

Multi Array Sonic MAS The Multi Array Sonic (MAS) provides quality broadband measurements of both hard and soft rock environments. The tool provides online compressional measurements and full wave analysis to determine formation travel times. With its selectable frequencies and multiple receiver array, the MAS is capable of producing reliable data in even the most challenging of conditions.
What are the major benets? The MAS is capable of determining formation travel times as well as mechanical properties of the surrounding formation. When used in combination with other tools the MAS excels in determining both the presence of gas and shales. In addition, an integrated travel time output can be used to tie in seismic data. MAS Key features: It can be run with or without array where length is a concern It records 4 simultaneous Delta T measurements as well as full waveforms Proprietary (patent pending) Sondex design provides strength, rigidity and acoustic isolation Transport exibility it can be broken down to less than 10ft for shipment It enjoys multi frequency capabilities The enhanced MASwareTM software package is easy to use both in eld and ofce environments

IAT MAS

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Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Induction Array IAT and Multi Array Sonic MAS

Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Individual Product Overview

Litho Density LDT The Lithology Density tool (LDT) provides measurements of the bulk density and photoelectric effect (Pe) of the formation. The Pe measurement is related to formation lithology. The bulk density is related to formation density. A caliper log is also recorded.
What are the major benets? The LDT is capable of determining formation porosity and lithology. When used in combination with other tools it also highlights areas where gas may be present. Fully compensated for mudcake build-up, the Litho Density displays the entire energy spectrum at surface. This gives the operator a much greater ability to determine any problems which may occur due to bad hole conditions. LDT Key features: Full energy spectrum displayed at surface Quick release source handling to reduce radiation exposure Easily removable pad for reduced weight when loading Flexibility 10ft shipping length for transport and reduced overall stack length Fully independent pad deployment for better borehole wall contact

Compensated Neutron Log CNL The Compensated Neutron Log (CNL) tool contains a neutron emitting source, which produces fast neutrons that bombard the formation. The emitted neutrons are slowed (thermalised) by collision mainly with hydrogen nuclei in the formation. Some of the slowed neutrons return to the tool where they are counted by two He3 detectors, spaced at different distances from the source. The dual outputs supply compensation for rugose borehole conditions.
What are the major benets? The CNL can be used to determine formation porosity and highlights the presence of gas when run in combination with other tools. It is compensated for various environmental conditions, and can be run in a cased hole environment to determine porosity through casing. The CNL incorporates a bowspring decentraliser. The bowspring decentraliser helps to ensure that both it and the LDT are against the borehole wall, facilitating consistent high quality data. CNL Key features: It is modelled for both Am241Be and Cf252 sources It is compensated for:borehole conditions casing cement

Can be run in combination with other UW tools, or by itself The short tool length eases rig up

LDT

CNL

Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Litho Density LDT and Compensated Neutron Log CNL

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Gamma Ray Tool GRT The Gamma Ray tool (GRT) measures the gamma level within the wellbore, as derived from natural isotopes within the formation adjacent to the tool. The log is used for identication of the formation and as a correlation device between logs when the tool is run in combination with other tools.
What is its major benet? The Gamma Ray is used primarily as a correlation device to establish a reference point between various logging runs for both past, present, and future runs in a well and between wells in an area. This ensures depth accuracy for all data points for comparison purposes. The Gamma Ray tool can also assist in dening potential reservoir bearing areas within a well. GRT Key features: Includes large crystal for better resolution Can be run in combination with other UW tools, or by itself The short tool length eases rig up

GRT

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Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Gamma Ray Tool GRT

Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Individual Product Overview

Acoustic Software Package MASwareTM Multi Array Sonic (MAS) Processing software is an interactive, easy-to-use application. It employs guided semblance and/or instantaneous frequency/slowness signal processing technology to deliver acoustic velocities of high accuracy. MAS Processing is Windows platform based, and delivers accurate results even under less than ideal borehole conditions.
How does it work? MAS Processing algorithms create a complete slowness distribution of each receiver level, and compare matching signals from receiver to receiver within the specied time range. Thus each received item of data is quickly analysed with a high degree of precision and accuracy. Amplitude variations among receivers do not impact the accuracy of the results. Similarly, widely varying received frequencies are also rejected. The accuracy of results are supported by comprehensive quality control features, allowing the user to quickly identify problematic intervals in the logs and cross check each against the recorded raw data for veracity. MASwareTM Screens MASwareTM Key features: Consistent accuracy, resulting in processing induced errors of less than 2% The ability to use all recorded data Comprehensive quality control, facilitating quick identication and rejection of erroneous data Data that can be ltered in the time, frequency, and slowness domains Inclusive wellsite processing, using either laptop or desktop Windows computers

Screen shot of Receiver Array data

Screen shot of MASwareTM semblance processing

Log of Receiver Arrays

Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Acoustic Software Package MASwareTM

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Acquisition Systems DRS DRS comprise sophisticated systems that enable customers to operate our range of well logging tools smoothly, cost-effectively and efciently. The choice of acquisition system will be determined by each customers style of operation. All systems are built to the highest standards with data protection, durability and versatility of paramount importance.
What are the major benets? Sondex Logging tools and acquisition systems offer maximum exibility. The tools switch between real-time and memory logging by changing from a telemetry crossover tool to memory tool. Surface Read Out (SRO) systems are available in racks for permanent installation, or in a portable hard case with military specication laptop for use on multiple units. Memory recording systems are controlled from a laptop, and can be mains or battery powered. The DRS Key features: SRO and Memory systems run with Warrior acquisition software The portable logging system uses military specication laptops for data protection Rack systems have dual hard drive for data protection SRO systems operate all UltrawireTM tools; 3rd party with an optional panel MS Windows compatible applications also run Sondex log interpretation packages

Components
Surface Read Out Logging Systems The telemetry crossover tool sends logging data to surface in real-time using UltralinkTM. Sondex supplies both portable and rack mounted logging acquisition systems, complete with a variety of user-specied options. MIDAS UltrawireTM Portable Logging Systems Rack Mounted Logging Systems:

MIDAS UltrawireTM Logging System

MIDAS Cased Hole Logging System

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Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Acquisition Systems DRS

Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Individual Product Overview

Accessories For precise logging data and equipment longevity, correct sensor deployment is crucial. Sondex produces accessories designed to centralise or ecentralise tools in the pipe and access wells with minimal wear and tear. Knuckle and offset joints are designed for exibility when deploying multiple tools in a single run.
How do they work? Some logging tools require centralisation, while others require ecentralisation. Centralisers and ecentralisers maintain a tools optimum position and minimise friction. Knuckle joints add exibility to the string and allow centralised and ecentralised tools to be run simultaneously. Adjustable offset joints are capable of a varying degree of offset adjustment to allow for different casing sizes with only one accessory. Swivel joints allow relief from wireline torque. The optimal tool string format will be determined by the well completion. Sondex engineers are always available to offer expert advice. Accessories Key features: Ecentralisers maintain even contact with the casing wall Bowspring tension is adjustable for varying casing size maximising acoustic signal Springbow Centralisers are available for open hole completions Flexible offset joints are adjustable to varying casing sizes Adjustable offset joints shear to inline position under higher tensile loads

Sondex Field Engineers at the Wellsite

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Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation General Specications

Tool Specs Tool Types
IAT MAS LDT CNL GRT XTU CEN

Length
4.17m/13.7ft 6.32m/20.7ft 3.14m/10.3ft 1.57m/5.1ft 0.85m/2.8ft 0.55m/1.8ft 1.29m/4.23ft

Tool Diameter
98.4mm/378in 85.7mm/338in 114.3mm/412in 85.7mm/338in 85.7mm/338in 85.7mm/3 8in
3

Shipping Length
3.0m/9.9ft 3.02m/9.92ft 3.0m/9.9ft 2.1m/6.9ft 1.38m/4.5ft 1.1m/3.6ft 1.82m/6.0ft

Weight
89kg/196lb 154kg/340lb 134kg/296lb 57kg/125lb 29kg/69lb 20kg/44lb 25kg/55lb

Maximum Temp
150C/302F 150C/302F 150C/302F 150C/302F 150C/302F 150C/302F 150C/302F

Maximum Pressure
137.9Mpa/20kpsi 137.9Mpa/20kpsi 137.9Mpa/20kpsi 137.9Mpa/20kpsi 137.9Mpa/20kpsi 137.9Mpa/20kpsi 137.9Mpa/20kpsi

Maximum Hole Size

406mm/16in 406mm/16in 457mm/18in 406mm/16in 559mm/22in N/A 406mm/16in

Minimum Hole Size

152mm/6in 152mm/6in 152mm/6in 152mm/6in 152mm/6in N/A 152mm/6in

85.7mm/338in

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Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation General Specications

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Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Technical Overview

Formation Evaluation tools are used to obtain formation and reservoir properties using an array of tools designed to measure varying aspects of the formation adjacent to the borehole wall. This information is then used by oil companies to:formation or elsewhere strike the SodiumIodide crystal of the detector, photons of light are emitted. The levels of light are very small, so a photomultiplier tube (PMT) amplifies the signals to a detectable level for the electronics to record and send on to the surface system for recording. Gamma rays in the well are typically a result of potassium in the formation, and in normal situations this assumption is made. However thorium or uranium may also be present in certain locations, in which case a Spectral Gamma Ray would be required to distinguish the different energy signatures of these isotopes. The Gamma Ray is used for depth correlation, lithology determination and identication of radioactive scale, associated with water production. Compensated Neutron CNL The Compensated Neutron (CNL) measures the formation porosity based on the presence of hydrogen in the formation. The tool comprises a radioactive source of either Cf or AmBe isotopes and a set of two detectors separated by a xed distance. The source emits high energy neutrons which penetrate the region surrounding the tool and progressively lose energy through nuclear interactions with formation nuclei. Nuclei with masses similar to that of the neutron will reduce the neutron energy the most. This nuclei is that of hydrogen, and is therefore the basis for the assumption of the reduced energy of the neutrons arriving at the detectors. The measurement consists of counting the number of neutrons reaching the detectors and relating the results to porosity. It is assumed that the presence of hydrogen is either from water or hydrocarbon which would occupy the pore space or porosity in the formation, rather than the formation itself. If the porosity is high, the abundant hydrogen in the pore space quickly slows the neutrons to thermal energies, where they survive briey before being captured by the formation nuclei. Therefore few neutrons reach the detectors and the counts are low. Conversely if porosity is low, there is less hydrogen present, and the neutrons interact with the formation without losing enough energy to be captured before reaching the detectors. Therefore many of the
Calibrating the Gamma Ray at the API test pit in Houston

Determine the presence of hydrocarbons Determine the quality of reservoirs Determine the porosity and
permeability of reservoirs

CNL Array DT Overlay

Determine water saturation of reservoirs Determine mechanical properties

of the formation Formation Evaluation is the term used to describe the suite of tools that, in combination, help determine many properties of the formation. The various tools measure different properties through the use of:-

neutrons reach the detectors and the count rate is high. The use of two detectors allows for different borehole effects to be compensated for. However, due to the nature of the tool, many environmental corrections remain to be undertaken and must be properly entered by the user. During the calibration process the count rates between the two detectors are related back to porosity, so it is vital that the calibration be performed in a diligent manner. It is important to remember that as porosity increases the count rate drops, and as count rates decrease to very low limits, statistics become more prevalent. Thus in high porosities the neutron porosity becomes less reliable. Lastly, the presence of gas has a negative effect on the porosity reading given by this tool. Due to the assumption of hydrogen occupying the pore space when a gas is present, the density of hydrogen in the pore space is reduced. This gives a false reading of reduced porosity for that area. This is highlighted when run in combination with a density tool or sonic tool, and is useful in pinpointing gas zones.

resistivity measuring devices radioactive measuring devices acoustic measuring devices

Any one tool by itself is limited in what can be determined. But through the use of a combination of tools various properties of the formation can be readily determined. Additionally various software packages are available commercially to assist in this determination. Gamma Ray GRT The Gamma Ray (GRT) measures naturally occurring gamma ray radiation levels in the wellbore. When gamma rays from the

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Litho Density Tool LDT The Litho Density (LDT) measures the formation density based on the electron density of the surrounding molecular material (formation). The tool consists of a radioactive gamma emitting source of Cs isotopes and a set of two detectors separated by a xed distance. The source emits high energy gamma rays. These rays penetrate the region surrounding the tool. They progressively lose energy by nuclear interactions with the molecules through the process of both Compton scattering and the photoelectric effect. As gamma rays react with the electrons, energy is lost and the electrons are dislodged from the atom. As more of the gamma ray energy is lost through additional interactions, the energy of the gamma ray is such that it is eventually captured in a

photoelectric effect. Therefore the higher the density of electrons of the surrounding area, the more energy is lost by the gamma rays and the more likelihood that the gamma ray energy will be completely absorbed. By measuring the energy of the gamma rays that arrive at the detectors, it is possible to surmise the electron density of the surrounding material. The lower the energy of the arriving gamma rays the higher the electron density of the surrounding area, and vice versa. Additionally, by monitoring the low band of energy arriving at the detectors, it is possible to monitor the photoelectric effect, which can be related to the Z (atomic) number. This will allow a differentiation between materials like sandstone, limestone, and dolostone. It also exhibits very little difference with porosity and is therefore a very good lithology determination.

The tool measures the energy spectrum of the two detectors, and by calculating the energy that arrives in various energy bands both electron density and photoelectric effect are determined. The electron density is then assumed to represent formation bulk density and the photoelectric effect can be used for lithology. The use of two detectors allows for different mudcake thicknesses and borehole effects. During the calibration process the energy spectrum between the two detectors are related back to a known material, so it is important that the calibration be performed in a diligent manner. Porosity can also be related back from the density measurement by assuming the lithology of the formation so using Pe to determine the lithology is an important aspect of this tool. Since the Litho Density measures the density of the formation without the assumption of hydrogen, it is not affected by the presence of hydrocarbons. It is therefore very useful when compared to the neutron tool in determining the presence of gas. Multi Array Sonic MAS The Multi Array Sonic (MAS) measures the formation porosity based on the travel time of acoustic energy (sound) through the formation. The tool comprises two sections one is capable of providing CBL/VDL information alone and the other consisting of an array of acoustic receivers. The CBL section has two acoustic transmitters capable of frequencies of

6,8,10,12 and 18 kHz, and two acoustic receivers. The array section has 8 acoustic receivers spaced at 6 inch intervals. The transmitters and receivers are a piezoelectric material that deforms in a known way when an electric current is applied to it. This deformation creates an acoustic snap which propagates through the borehole. The receivers act in a reverse fashion, in that the acoustic energy deforms the receiver causing it to generate a small electrical current to match the sonic wavefore.

Multi Array Sonic MAS

The measurement consists of generating an acoustic pulse which produces a compressional (P) wave in the borehole uid. P-waves are characterised by pressure oscillations that are parallel to the direction of propagation. Liquids only support P-waves. However, solids can support both P-waves and S-waves (shear waves), in which the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of travel.

Litho Density Tool LDT

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Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Technical Overview

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Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Technical Overview cont.

The P-wave generated in the borehole radiates away from the transmitter in all directions and at the borehole wall, and acoustic energy is reected back into the borehole and refracted into the rock. Because solids can support both P-waves and S-waves, some of the energy that is refracted into the rock is converted to S-Waves. Therefore both P-waves and S-Waves will travel along the borehole wall towards the receivers. As these waves travel, they in turn reradiate back into the borehole P-waves and this energy is detected at the receivers. The time taken to travel from the transmitter to the receivers is then recorded for use in determining the properties of the surrounding material. The time taken to travel varies for different materials and rock types, and can thus be used to determine what type of material or rock that may be. This can also be related back to formation porosities using some basic assumptions and equations, such as Archies equation. Run in CBL mode the transmitters re at 18kHz and are used to determine the cement bond of the casing. Transmitted acoustic energy causes casing vibrations. The cement bond log is a continuous measurement of these vibrations along a length of casing. Maximum amplitude is obtained where the pipe is free (unsupported by cement), as nothing restricts casing vibration. In well cemented pipe, casing vibration is dampened by the cement sheath and its amplitude is low. If the cement bond is weak, acoustic energy transmission through the formation is poor; if both casing and formation are well bonded, the predominant signal comes from waves travelling through the formation outside the casing and cement. Analysis of the full waveform can accurately show the extent that cement is bonded to the pipe, and indicate the degree of bond to formation. Run with the array section the tool is capable of analysing the formation behind casing in a good bond condition. A semblance routine is used to analyse the different waveforms for each receiver and is translated into a travel time (T) for the formation. Different transmitter frequencies can be used to help mitigate the signal being inuenced by casing ring and other factors. Induction Array Tool IAT The Induction Array tool (IAT) uses magnetic ux to induce a current in the formation surrounding the tool. This is based on Amperes law, which states that a magnetic eld will be associated with the ow of an electric current and directed at right angles to it. The strength of the magnetic eld is related to the current. The tool uses a transmitting coil within the tool to generate a magnetic eld proportional to the current in the coil, which then generates eddy currents in the formation. These eddy currents then in turn create a magnetic eld which generates a current in the receiving coils of the tool. The current generated in these receiving coils is proportional to the conductivity of the formation. In conductive formations the received signal will be high and in non conductive formation the received signal will be low. By relating these received signals back to a known response established by using a xed resistive calibration loop, an accurate resistivity value can be established for the formation. Formation resistivities are primarily a result of the type of uid within the pore space. For hydrocarbons, these resistivities are high but for water these resistivities are low. The Induction Array tool is therefore an excellent device to establish the presence of hydrocarbons, and the percentage of hydrocarbon compared to water that may be present. Although mud in the surrounding borehole can have an effect, many depths of investigation through the use of an array of receiver coils can be used to help mitigate these borehole effects. However the operator must be diligent in the application of the data, as in highly resistive beds the signal becomes exceedingly small. A cut-off of 500 ohm0m is used as a reliable high end signal. Anything above this is dependant on sonde zeros and is cosmetic in nature. Additionally, the further spaced the coils are to establish deeper depths of investigation, the less resolution and more sidebed inuence there is. A software algorithm allows this resolution to be enhanced to lessen the effect. The induction is used for Sw calculations and to establish Rw values within an area of interest.
Sondex Field testing personnel working on the Catwalk

14 Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Technical Overview

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Telemetry XTU The tools operate on the Sondex UltrawireTM tool bus and can combine with other tools using this telemetry system. UltrawireTM is an 18v fully digital telemetry consisting of 32 bit words at a rate of 500 kbps. For Surface Read Out (SRO) operations, an XTU telemetry controller is attached to the top of the string. This crosses over to the UltralinkTM Surface Read Out telemetry which is 190v, and operates at a telemetry of 50-200 kbps. Digital Recording System DRS The Digital Recording System is a PC based data acquisition system running WarriorTM base software. This rack based system incorporates an UltralinkTM surface interface panel that communicates and routes power to the Downhole XTU telemetry controller. Power is supplied by a Lamda 600v rack mounted power supply. A switching panel allows the operator to switch between a mono-cable or multicable wireline. It also provides the ability to switch in a shooting panel and any third party equipment that may not require the DRS surface system, but does require connection to the wireline. A separately mounted safety switch is incorporated into the system to provide a positive lockout for use during perforating activities. The PC may be either a rack mounted industrial PC with separate keyboard and mouse, or a laptop depending on the customers requirements. Multiple monitors are

available as an option, with differing aspect ratios being supported. For printing of logs, a Printrex printer is part of the system and multiple printers are also supported. MASwareTM MASwareTM is a sonic enhancement software package designed for the MAS tool. This software package is used to determine travel times (T) from the semblance of the various arrays recorded from the MAS tool. It has two modes of operation; in eld mode, the software provides limited options to the operator for eld use. This allows for speed and ease of use whilst undertaking eld operations. The expert mode is designed for the acoustic expert who is capable of gleaning minute details from the logs and enhancing them with optional inputs allowed by the MASwareTM software. It is designed to be used in a computing centre environment by specialists, giving the customer added value data that may not have been immediately available in the eld.

Screen shot of MASwareTM semblance processing

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Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Technical Overview 15

Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Case Studies

An exceptional track record worldwide Sondex Tools have been instrumental in providing clients all over the world with efcient, productive and cost-effective solutions to diverse issues and challenges. Below are just a few examples of Sondex innovation in action across the globe.
Customer could not drill overhole necessary to allow all sensors to get to the zone of interest. Challenge Customer was limited on the amount of overhole that he was allowed to drill. However still wanting to acquire as much data as possible the challenge of getting sensors near the bottom of the hole would have involved multiple runs with individual sensors. This not only would cost time and money, but also entails the inherent risks of running additional times into the same well. Solution The U-FLT suite of tools are the shortest Open Hole tools available. By calling upon the U-FLT suite, the customer was able to get the data he required in. The total length of the tool stack to the measure point of the Gamma Ray was 9.24m. No MAS was run on this well. Results All required sensors with the exception of the Gamma Ray where able to log data over the zone of interest. Length to the measure point of the CNL was 7.68m, so the customer was able to get all the data required in one pass. The customer could not get access to AmBe logging sources. Challenge In todays environment existing supplies of Neutron tools require AmBe sources to give proper reading data. The supply of AmBe logging sources has become an imposing and expensive issue. Solution By using the Sondex U-FLT CNL, the customer enjoyed the option of using a Cf source. The U-FLT CNL has been modelled for both Cf and AmBe sources, so that the customer was provided with valid data regardless of the choice of sources. Results A very satised client. The U-FLT successfully completed the CNL run with Cf sources, compared to other tools run using only traditional AmBe sources. The customer had logged using LWD, but the data proved not to be valid. Challenge The customer used Formation Evaluation data collected using LWD, but was unsure of the quality of the information, especially as no density tool had been run. The area of interest was critical and additional data was required. Solution The U-FLT logging suite was run to both supplement and enhance the existing data acquired during the LWD process. Data from the Induction Array Tool (IAT) and the Litho Density Tool (LDT) showed an area of interest previously missed due to the limited nature of LWD. Results The customer was able to put into production a zone that would otherwise have been missed.

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Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation Notes

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Notes 17

Sondex plc

At Sondex, we constantly strive to ensure that our customers the oileld service companies benet from regular improvements and enhancements to our increasing product range.
This helps ensure that service companies remain competitive and nancially successful through their partnership with Sondex, whilst providing a greater range of services to their own customers global and regional oil and gas operators. Our product strategies are designed to offer maximum business expansion potential to our customers. We focus on product line compatibility to maintain or enhance operational efciency. Over 100 specialist staff work in sensor, software, electronics and mechanical design at our state-of-the-art R&D facilities in Hampshire, Aberdeen, Calgary and Houston. In addition to working on in-house projects funded by Sondex, a number of collaborative development projects are undertaken in partnership with service company clients and with oil & gas companies. The products developed are t for purpose in the hazardous down-hole environment, and provide a number of innovative solutions to measurement and logging challenges. Sondex development departments enjoy exceptional industry experience fully supported by experts in their eld and ISO 9001 quality control. We look forward to even closer working relationships with our customers, and the industry in general, as we move toward an even more exciting future.

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Sondex Wireline Division Open Hole U-FLT Formation Evaluation

SON-7894 4/08

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