LECTURE NOTES – BIOLOGY STEPS … A T CY Pr ogr am

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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

Reproductive part of higher plants = FLOWER

The flower contains sexual reproductive organs of a plant

Female sex organs Male sex organs

Carpel / Pistil Stamen

Ovules Pollen grains

Produce Produce

Female gametes Male gametes

Fertilization

Seeds

new plants

Stamen

Carpel (Pistil)

Petal

Receptacle

Petal
flower stem

PARTS OF A FLOWER 1
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LECTURE NOTES – BIOLOGY STEPS … A T C Y P r og r am
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POLLEN GRAINS

ANTHER STAMEN

FILAMENT

Stamen- Male Reproductive Organ of a plant

STIGMA

STYLE

OVARY
OVULES

Carpel /Pistil – Female Reproductive Organ of a plants.

FORMATION OF SEEDS
The seed of plant is formed when the male gamete present in problem grain unites with the
femeale gamete present in the the ovule.
It occurs in 2 steps.
(1) Pollination
Self pollination
cross pollination

(2) Fertilization

Pollination: The transfer of pollen grains from the another of a stamen to the stigma of a
carpel is called pollination. It is done by insects, birds, wind, water.

Self Pollination:- When the poslen grains form the anther of a flower are transferred to the
stigma of the same flower or another flower of same plant is called self pollination.

Cross-Pollination:- When the pollen grains form the another of a flower on one plant are
transferred to the stigma of a flower on another plant is called cross- pollination.

In plants pollination is followed by Fertilization.

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LECTURE NOTES – BIOLOGY STEPS … A T CY Pr ogr am
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Fertilization

(1) + (2)
Pollen grain 2nd male gametes + 2 polar nucler

Stigma of carpel Endosperm nuclei

TRIPLE FUSION = (3)

growth of pollin tube down
words in style Endosperm
(food storage tissue of seed)

it reaches ovary

Embryo + Endospem = Seed

embryo sac of ovule receives 2
male gametes thru micropyle.

Ovule turns into seed

Embryo sac contains 8 nucles

7 + 1 Ovary into fruit

nucleus female gamete

Syngamy + Triple fusion

egg + 1st male gamete = Double Fertilization

Syngamy Pollen grain

Stigma
Zygote
Style
Pollen tube
Embryo
2 male gametes
Micropyle

Embryo sac

4 nuclei

Ovule
Egg

Ovary

FERTILIZATION
Parthenogenesis : The process of reproduction in which a new Organism takes birth of the
female without fertilization is called parthenogenesis. It occurs in lizards, Honeybees.
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