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2nd order active band-pass-filter[27] Transfer function:

C2 R2

C1

R1 6 -

V+

s C1 2 s R1 C1 C 2 s ( R1 C1 + C 2) 1
Gain:

V-

OUT

U1

U2

R2 R1

Table 5-4: Active band-pass-filter

The values of the capacitors and the resistors for the 8th order filter were copied from the program AktivFilter [28]. That program creates a circuit with the correct part values out of a Bode-diagram. Additionally the 8th order active bandpass-filter was checked for efficiency by means of a small Matlab program which plots a Bode-diagram (Figure F-II) Filter stage: First band-pass Second, third and forth band-pass Values C1 = 0.3nF, C2 = 70pF, R1 = 12k, R2 = 120k C1 = 0.3nF, C2 = 38pF, R1 = 12k, R2 = 120k

Table 5-5: Part values calculated from AktivFilter

To test the filter, different sinusoidal signals were added up and fed into the receiver circuit. The complete circuit is represented in Figure A-VIII. To prove that the receiver circuit works, a FFT-analysis (Figure 5-3) was carried out in PSpice. This analysis shows the input signals (blue) and the output signal (red). The input signal has the same amplitude for 10 kHz, 40 kHz, 80 kHz and 120 kHz but thanks to filter the 40 kHz signal is amplified very strongly on the output of the circuit.

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4.0V

2.0V

0V 0Hz

20KHz

40KHz

60KHz

80KHz

100KHz

120KHz

Figure 5-3: FFT-analysis of the 8th order active filter.

In Figure C-IX a prototype of the 8th order active filter receiver circuit is represented.

5.3

Classification of the receiving circuit

In this chapter it is discussed which receiving circuit is the best one to

receive a 40 kHz ultrasonic signal from the US-sensor. The receiving circuit described in Chapter 5.1 Parallel resistive load has no filter and amplification device. For this reason the receiving circuits with the analog filters and amplification device described in Chapter 5.2 Amplifier circuits

with analogue filters are much better. As the 8th order active filter circuit filters the
signal in the most effective way, this circuit is the best one to receive a 40 kHz ultrasonic signal.

R2

C5

C6

C7 R7 120k 38p R8 120k

0
120k C3 V1 70p 4 R1 R4 R5 7 12k 0.3n 3 V3 5Vdc 8 8 + 2 C1 OUT + V+ 5 8 V1 12k 0.3n 6 C4 4 OUT + V+ 3 V2 12k 5Vdc U10A 4 TL082 VR6 OUT V+ 1 12k 0.3n OUT + V+ 5 C8 6 V4 120k R3 38p 38p

V6

C2

0.3n

A.8 Receiver circuit with active filter

7

VOFF = 0 VAMPL = 0.2 FREQ = 120000 V5 VOFF = 0 VAMPL = 0.2 FREQ = 10000 V2 VOFF = 0 VAMPL = 0.2 FREQ = 40000 V4 VOFF = 0 VAMPL = 0.2 FREQ = 80000

Figure A-VIII: PSpice model of the receiver with a 8th order active filter
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