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225 Na
It is supplied moist in sodium form. This literature gives information on the operation of INDION 225 for softening application by conventional co-flow and countercurrent regeneration with sodium chloride and salt recycle.
INDION 225 is a strongly acidic, unifunctional, cation exchange resin containing sulphonic acid groups. It is based on cross linked polystyrene and has a gel structure. The resin is extremely robust and has excellent physical and chemical characteristics.
Characteristics
Appearance Matrix Functional Group Ionic form as supplied Total exchange capacity Moisture holding capacity Shipping weight * Particle size range > 1.2 mm < 0.3 mm Uniformity co-efficient Effective size Maximum operating temperature Operating pH range Resistance to reducing agents Resistance to oxidizing agents : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Golden yellow beads Styrene divinylbenzene copolymer Sulphonic acid Sodium 2.0 meq/ml, minimum 43 - 50 % 830 kg/m3, approximately 0.3 to 1.2 mm 5.0%, maximum 1.0%, maximum 1.7, maximum 0.45 to 0.55 mm 140 0C 0 to 14 Good Generally good, chlorine should be absent * Weight of resin, as supplied, occupying 1 m3 in a unit after backwashing and draining.
Operating Capacity
Co-flow regeneration
The operating capacity of INDION 225 in water softening is obtained by multiplying the basic capacity value from Fig. 1/Table 1 by the correction factors A to C from Figs. 2 to 4/Tables 2 to 4.
Cap = Cap0 x A x B x C BASIC EXCHANGE CAPACITY (Cap0) Table 1 Basic Exchange Capacity (Cap0) at Different Regeneration Levels Regeneration Level kg NaCl/m3 0 100 130 160 Cap0 kg CaCO3/m3 52.0 58.6 66.5 72.7
70 Figure 1
60
50
Table 2 Capacity Correction Factor A For Feed Sodium Na/TC (%) 0 20 40 60 80 95 Factor A 0.96 1.00 0.92 0.80 0.61 0.39
1.10 1.00 0.90 0.80 Factor A 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0
FEED SODIUM
Figure 2
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Na/TC %
Table 3 Capacity Correction Factor B For Feed Total Hardness Feed Total Hardness mg/I CaCO3 500 800 1000 1200 Factor B
1.00
Factor B
0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 Total Hardness mg/I CaCO3
Table 4 Capacity Correction Factor C For Service Flowrate Service Flowrate BV/h 10 15 20 25 40 Factor C 1.000 0.980 0.965 0.955 0.935
1.000 0.990 0.980 Factor C 0.970 0.960 0.950 0.940 0.930 0 5
SERVICE FLOWRATE
Figure 4
10 15
20 25 30
35
40
Cap = Cap0 x D x E x F BASIC EXCHANGE CAPACITY Cap0 Table5 Basic Exchange Capacity (Cap0) at Different Regeneration Levels Regeneration Level kg NaCl/m3 80 100 130 160 Cap0 kg CaCO3/m3 56.0 63.0 68.5 75.0
70 Figure 5
60
50
40 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 Regeneration Level, kg, NaCl/ m3
Table 6 Capacity Correction Factor D For Feed Sodium Na/TC (%) 0 20 40 60 80 95 Factor D 0.96 1.00 0.92 0.80 0.61 0.39
1.00 0.90 0.80 Factor D 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0
FEED SODIUM
Figure 6
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Na/TC %
Table 7 Capacity Correction Factor E For Feed Total Hardness Feed Total Hardness mg/I CaCO3 500 800 1000 1200 Factor E 1.00 0.96 0.93 0.89
Factor E 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 500
Table 8 Capacity Correction Factor F For Service Flowrate Service Flowrate BV/h 10 15 20 25 40 Factor F 1.000 0.980 0.965 0.955 0.935
600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 Total Hardness mg/I CaCO3
SERVICE FLOWRATE
Figure 8 1.0 0.8 0.6 Pressure Loss bar/ m Bed Depth 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1 2
PRESSURE LOSS
Figure 9
5 20 40 70 100
6 8 10
5
20
2
40 60
Flow Rate, m /h m
Salt Recycle
Operating conditions
Table 9 shows the effect of regeneration level on the operating exchange capacity. Table 10 gives the correction factors to be applied for feed sodium. These capacities refer to a hardness breakthrough of 5 mg/1 CaCO3. Table 9 Regeneration level V/s. Operating Exchange Capacity Initial Regeneration Level 130 Kg NaCl/m3 Fresh Regeneration Level kg. NaCI/m3 60 77 90 Operating Exchange Capacity kg. CaCO3/m3 42.0 53.9 60.2
Table 10 Capacity Correction Factor for Feed Sodium Na/TC (%) 20 40 60 80 Correction factor 1.05 1.00 0.85 0.80
Bed Expansion, %
Table 11 give the recommended operating conditions for using INDION 225 in sodium cycle with salt recycle. The technique of salt recycling is employed primarily to improve the regeneration efficiency. Efficiency of upto 80% is easily achieved. The data presented are based on extensive tests using feed water having a total hardness of 275 mg/1 CaCO3 and Na/TC of 40%. The runs were conducted at a flowrate of 12 bv/h. Table 11 Recommended Operating Conditions Bed depth Treatment flowrate Pressure loss Bed expansion Backwash Regenerant Regenerant flowrate Rinse 0.75 m, minimum 45 m3 /h m2, maximum Refer Figure 9 Refer Figure 10 9 m3/h m2for 5 minutes or till effluent is clear Sodium Chloride 2 to 4 bv/h 3 bv at service flowrate
BED EXPANSION
Figure 10 100 90 80
60 5 10 20 30 40
50
70 60 50
100 80
40 30 20 10
10
20
30
40
3
50
2
60
Backwash Rate, m /h m
Bulletin R006R2
Storage
Ion exchange resins require proper care at all times. The resin must never be allowed to become dry. Regularly open the plastic bags and check the condition of the resin when in storage. If not moist, add enough clean demineralised water and keep it in completely moist condition. Always keep the resin drum in the shade. Recommended storage temperature is between 20 o C and 40o C.
Safety
Acid and alkali solutions are corrosive and should be handled in a manner that will prevent eye and skin contact. If any oxidising agents are used, necessary safety precautions should be observed to avoid accidents and damage to the resin.
Packing
HDPE lined bags 25/50 lts Super sack MS drums with liner bags 180 lts 1000 lts LDPE bags Super sack Fiber drums with liner bags 7 cft 1cft/25 lts 35 cft
INDION range of Ion Exchange resins are produced in a state-of-the-art ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified manufacturing facilities at Ankleshwar, in the state of Gujarat in India. To the best of our knowledge the information contained in this publication is accurate. Ion Exchange (India) Ltd. maintains a policy of continuous development and reserves the right to amend the information given herein without notice. is the registered trademark of Ion Exchange (India) Ltd.
CORPORATE OFFICE Ion House, Dr. E. Moses Road, Mahalaxmi, Mumbai 400 011 Tel: 022-3989 0909 Fax: 022-2493 8737 E-mail: ieil@ionexchange.co.in INTERNATIONAL DIVISION R-14, T.T.C MIDC, Thane-Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701 Tel: 022-3989 0909/3047 2400 Fax: 022-2769 7918 E-mail: rabcrointl@ionexchange.co.in; export.sales@ionexchange.co.in REGIONAL OFFICES Chennai - Tel: 044-3989 0909/3910 2900 Fax: 044-2815 3361 E-mail: checro@ionexchange.co.in Delhi Fax: 011-2577 4837 - Tel: 011-3989 0909/3054 3200 E-mail: delcro@ionexchange.co.in - Tel: 033-3989 0909/3043 3400 E-mail: calcro@ionexchange.co.in Fax: 033-2400 4345
BRANCH OFFICES - Tel: 080-2204 2888 Bengaluru E-mail: bngcro@ionexchange.co.in Bhubaneshwar - Tel: 0674-326 9525 E-mail: bbsr@ionexchange.co.in Fax: 0172-274 4594 - Tel: 0172-274 5011 E-mail: delcro@ionexchange.co.in Fax: 040-3066 3104 - Tel: 040-3066 3101/02/03 E-mail: hydcro@ionexchange.co.in Fax: 0522- 301 3401 - Tel: 0522-301 3401/02 E-mail: luk.general@ionexchange.co.in Fax: 0265-239 8508 - Tel: 0265-302 7489/90 E-mail: brdcro@ionexchange.co.in
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