Type I. if-clause If / Unless / If .......

not + present tense If I learn my vocabulary, or the other way round: main clause shall / will / can / may / might + verb + present tense I'll get a good mark. open condition: robable action/result in the future according to a real condition !ou"ll catch the train if you leave before ten. $. form: if - plays% - main clause -future I if - unless &. function open conditions 'hat"s condition - what"s conse(uence) #ifficulties *. interlingual interferences +o future tense in if-clauses if vs. when unless ,. other difficulties position of the if-clause -ituations

Form

+ main clause + future I + shall / will / can / may / might + verb I'll get a good mark + if-clause simple present if I learn my vocabulary

Function

operating instructions ma.ing appointments warnings or possible rewards

suggestions + main clause

Type II: if-clause

Form

If / Unless / If .......not past tense% + conditional I:+ should / would / could / "d / might + verb If I learnt my vocabulary% I'd get a good mark. or the other way round: main clause + if-clause I'd get a good mark if I learnt my vocabulary If-clauses in front position are more emphatic. If-clauses in front position get a comma. /ypothetical statements ossible action/result according to a less probable condition in the future 'e"d have enough money for a new car if you found a good 0ob.

Function

Fantasi1ed result or action according to an unreal 2untrue3 condition in the present 'e"d buy a 4olls 4oyce if we were rich.

#ifficulties $. form: if - played% - conditional I if - unless &. function ossible action/result according to a less probable condition in the future Fantasi1ed result or action according to an unreal 2untrue3 condition in the present: 5virtual reality5 no time indicated by past tense 6 today or tomorrow *. interlingual interferences +o conditional tense in if-clauses if vs. when unless ,. other difficulties

"were" instead of "was" 2rest of old con0unctive3 position of the if-clause dreams and nightmares moc. e7aminations: testing a person e7aggerated timidity 28ut if the bridge fell down....3 reproaches + main clause + conditional II + should / would/ could / might + have + verb+ed or *rd form I would have got a good mark. . + if-clause if I had + -ed or *rd form if I had learnt my vocabulary

-ituations

Type III: if-clause If / Unless / If .......not + past perfect% If I had + -ed or *rd form% If I had learnt my vocabulary% or the other way round: main clause should / would/ could / might + have + verb -ed or *rd form I would have got a good mark

Form

Function

If- clause: unreal condition: the condition can"t be fulfilled any longer% because it should have happened in the past% but didn"t. main clause: the conse(uence can"t ta.e place any more% because the condition couldn"t be fulfilled. If I had learnt more 2but I didn"t learn6unreal condition3% I would have got a better mar.. 2-o I didn"t get a better mar.6 impossible conse(uence3 or the other way round: I would have got a better mar. 2-o I didn"t get a better mar.6 impossible conse(uence3 if I had learnt more 2but I didn"t learn6unreal condition3

#ifficulties $. interlingual interferences +o conditional tense in if-clauses if vs. when

unless &. other difficulties position of the if-clause

-ituations

dreams and nightmares about the past castles in the air in the past reproaches self-blaming