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Submitted To, Prof. Denney M Thomas Submitted By, Ginu L Prakash S3 MBA BJI
The composition of municipal waste varies greatly from country to country and changes significantly with time.
Biodegradable waste: food and kitchen waste, green waste, paper (can also be recycled).
Recyclable material: paper, glass, bottles, cans, metals, certain plastics, fabrics, clothes, batteries etc.
Electrical and electronic waste (WEEE) - electrical appliances, TVs, computers, screens, etc.
Composite wastes: waste clothing, Tetra Packs, waste plastics such as toys.
Hazardous waste including most paints, chemicals, light bulbs, fluorescent tubes, spray cans, fertilizer and containers
Medical waste
The primary steps in Municipal Waste Management are: generation, collection, sorting and separation, transfer, and disposal.
Collection
includes not only the gathering of solid waste and recyclable materials, but also the transport of these materials, after collection, to the location where the collection vehicle is emptied.
1. First, the waste is transferred from a smaller collection vehicle to larger transport equipment.
2. The waste is then transported, usually over long distances, to a processing or disposal site.
Disposal
1. Landfill Disposal of waste in a landfill involves burying the waste, and this remains a common practice in most countries. Landfills were often established in abandoned or unused quarries, mining voids or borrow pits.
2. Incineration
Incineration is a disposal method in which solid organic wastes are subjected to combustion so as to convert them into residue and gaseous products. This process reduces the volumes of solid waste to 20 to 30 percent of the original volume.
3. Recycling
Recycling is a resource recovery practice that refers to the collection and reuse of waste materials
4. Biological reprocessing Recoverable materials that are organic in nature. Composting, Home composting, Anaerobic digestion, and Microbial fuel cell
5. Sustainability ability to maintaining ISO14001 accreditation by companies. Companies are encouraged to improve their environmental efficiencies each year by eliminating waste, which are sustainability-related activities
6. Energy
recovery
The energy content of waste products can be harnessed directly by using them as a direct combustion fuel, or indirectly by processing them into another type of fuel.