Anuria No urine voided; 24-hour urine output is less than 100 mL.

Bacteriuria Presence of bacteria in the urine such as burning sensation during urination.

Bowel Incontinence The inability of the anal sphincter to control the discharge of fecal and gaseous material.

Bowel Training Program Program that manipulates factors within a person's control (timing of defecation, exercise, diet) to produce a regular pattern of comfortable defecation without medication or enemas.

BRP (Bathroom Privileges) Use of restroom for defecation/urination.

C and S (Culture and Sensitivity) This shows what bacteria are growing in the urine. More than 100,000 organisms per mL equals infection. The other shows what antibiotics are effective.

Cathartic Promote peristalsis and defecation. Medication that strongly increase GI mortality. Stronger affect on the intestines.

Circumscribe To constrict the range or activity of definitely.

Clean Catch (or Midstream)

Cleansing wipes- Front to back for women, Patient voids a small amount and discards which flushes away organisms at meatus, then continues voiding in sterile specimen container.

Cleansing Enema Meaning of cleansing (cleaning) the enema

Colostomy Opening into the colon that permits feces to exit through the stoma.

Condom Catheter Tube for draining urine; applied externally to the penis and connecting to a collection bag.

Constipation Passage of dry, hard, and fecal material.

Defecation Emptying of the intestinal tract, another word for bowel movement.

Diarrhea Passage of liquid and unformed stools.

Dysuria Difficulty in voiding, may or may not be associated with pain.

Edema Accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces.

Elimination Getting rid of something.

Endoscopy Direct visualization of hollow organs of the body using an endoscope or flexible, lighted tube.

Enema Introduction of solution into the lower bowel.

Enuresis Repeated inability to control urination.

Erythema Redness of the skin, caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin.

External Condom Catheter (Texas Catheter) Soft, pliable, sheath made of silicone material applied externally to the penis.

Fecal Impaction Collection in the rectum of hardened feces that cannot be passed.

Feces Intestinal waste products.

Flatulence (or Flatus) Excessive formation of gasses in the GI tract.

Functional Incontinence State in which a person experiences an involuntary, unpredictable passage of urine.

Gastrocolic Stimulation (Reflex) Increase in intestinal peristalsis after food enters the empty stomach.

Hematuria Blood in urine, if present in large enough quantities, urine may be bright red or reddish brown.

Hemorrhoids Abnormally distended rectal veins.

Hesitancy Delay or difficulty in initiating voiding.

Ileostomy Opening into the small intestine allows fecal content from the ileum to be eliminated through the stoma.

Incontinence Inability to voluntarily control the discharge of urine or feces.

Indwelling Urethral Catheter

Catheter that remains in place for continuous urine discharge. Another name for Foley Catheter.

Intermittent Urethral Catheter Straight catheter used to drain the bladder for short periods (5-10 minutes).

Laxative Drug used to induce emptying of the intestinal tract and defecation.

Micturition Also known as urination.

Nocturia Excessive urination during the night.

Occult Blood Blood present in such minute quantities that it cannot be detected with the unassisted eye.

Oliguria Scanty or greatly diminished amount of urine voided in a given time; 24 hour urine output is 100 to 400 mL.

Ostomy General term to referring to an artificial opening; usually used to refer to an opening created for the excretion of body wastes.

Overflow Incontinence

Involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention and overflow of the bladder.

Paralytic Ileus Paralysis of intestinal peristalsis.

Peristalsis Involuntary, progressive wave-like movement of the musculature of the GI tract.

Polyuria Excessive output or urine.

Postvoid Residual (PVR) Urine that remains in the bladder after the act of micturition. Also known as residual urine.

Prompting Voiding Individualized toileting program that involves resident choices and a routine assistance and prompting schedule.

Rectal Tube Long, slender tube inserted into the rectum to relieve chronic flatulence.

Retention Inability to void although urine is produced by the kidneys and enters the bladder; excessive storage of the urine in the bladder.

Retention Enema

Retained in the bowel for a prolonged period.

Specific Gravity A characteristic of urine that can be determined with manufactured plastic strips or an instrument called a urinometer or hydrometer.

Stoma Artificial opening for waste excretion located on the body surface.

Stomatitis Inflammation of the oral mucosa.

Stool Excreted feces.

Suppository Oval or cone-shaped substance that is inserted into a body cavity and that melts at body temperature.

Suprapubic Catheter Catheter inserted into the bladder through a small abdominal incision above the pubic area.

Stress Incontinence State in which the person experiences a loss of urine less than 50 mL that occurs with increased abdominal pressure.

Total Incontinence

Continuous and unpredictable loss of urine, resulting from surgery, trauma, or physical malformation.

Urinalysis (U/A) Physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. At least 10mL of non-sterile urine Patient voids into clean bedpan, urinal, specimen hat, or cup Label container with pt name, date and time of collection Pour urine into appropriate lab container Send to lab quickly Specimens for infants and children Plastic disposable collection bag

Urge Incontinence State in which a person experiences involving urinary passage of urine that occurs soon after a strong sense of urgency to void.

Urinary Retention Inability to void although urine is produced by the kidneys and enters the bladder; excessive storage of urine in the bladder.

Urgency Strong desire to void.

Valsalva Maneuver Forcible exhalation against a closed glottitis, resulting in increased intrathoracic pressure. pressure in the abdominal and thoracic cavities = blood flow to the heart & cardiac output Cessation of maneuver Larger than normal blood flow returns to the heart and BP Pts with cardiac problems should not bear down

Transient Incontinence

Appears suddenly lasts for less than 6 months or less from secondary to acute illness, infection, and medical treatment.

Stress Incontinence Increase intra-abdominal pressure occurs with coughing, sneezing, laughing along with childbirth, sneezing, and laughing.

Urge Incontinence Loss of urine soon after feeling urgent need to void; loss of urine before going to the toilet.

Mixed Incontinence Two or more types of incontinence.

Overflow Incontinence Over distended bladder and signal is underactive or absent and lead to dribble. Secondary of some drugs, fecal impaction, or neurologic conditions.

Functional Incontinence Inability to reach the toilet because of environmental barriers, physical limitations, loss of memory or disorientation.

Reflex Incontinence Emptying of bladder without the sensation to void; pts with spinal cord injuries.

Total Incontinence Continuous and unpredictable; from surgery, trauma, or physical malformation.