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DEPT. OF GEOTECHNICAL AND TRANSPOTATION ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
I, hereby confess that I have prepared this report on my own effort. I also admit not
to receive or give any help during the preparation of this report and pledge
that everything mentioned in the report is true.
_________________
Student Signature
Name
Matric No. :
Date
PAGE NO.:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
1/10
3/01/12
3/01/12
1.0 OBJECTIVE
TO DETERMINE THE PARAMETER OF SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOIL, COHESION, c AND
ANGLE OF FRICTION, .
2.0 LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this experiment, students are able to:
Determine the shear strength parameter of the soil
Handle shear strength test, direct shear test
3.0 THEORY
The general relationship between maximum shearing resistance, f and normal stress, n for soils can
be represented by the equation and known as Coulombs Law:
f = c + tan
where:
c = cohesion, which is due to internal forces holding soil particles together in a solid mass
= friction, which is due to the interlocking of the particles and the friction between them
when subjected to normal stress
The friction components increase with increasing normal stress but the cohesion components remains
constant. If there is no normal stress the friction disappears. This relationship shown in the graph
below. This graph generally approximates to a straight line, its inclination to the horizontal axis being
equal to the angle of shearing resistance of the soil, and its intercept on the vertical (shear stress)
axis being the apparent cohesion, denoted by c.
PAGE NO.:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
2/10
3/01/12
3/01/12
2.
3.
4.
5.
Loading pad
Perforated plate
Porous plate
Retaining plate
PAGE NO.:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
3/10
3/01/12
3/01/12
5.0 PROCEDURES
1. Verify internal measurement using vernier calipers. The length of the sides, L and the overall
depth, B.
2. Fix base plate inside the shear box. Then put porous plate on the base plate. Fit perforated grid
plate over porous so that the grid plates should be at right angles to the direction shear.
PAGE NO.:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
4/10
3/01/12
3/01/12
PAGE NO.:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
6/10
3/01/12
3/01/12
L (mm)
Proving Ring
Dail Gauge
Load, P (kN)
Shear Stress
Strain
PAGE NO.:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
7/10
3/01/12
3/01/12
Specimen No.:
Loading :
Displacement
Dail Gauge
L (mm)
Proving Ring
Dail Gauge
Shear Stress
Strain
Load, P (kN)
PAGE NO.:
8/10
DEPT.
: INFRASTRUCTURE AND
ENGINEERING
GEOMATIC
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
3/01/12
3/01/12
Specimen No.:
Loading :
Displacement
Dail Gauge
L (mm)
Proving Ring
Dail Gauge
Load, P (kN)
Shear Stress
Strain
PAGE NO.:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
9/10
3/01/12
3/01/12
6.0 DISCUSSION
7.0 CONCLUSION
PAGE NO.:
10/10
DEPT.
: INFRASTRUCTURE AND
ENGINEERING
GEOMATIC
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
3/01/12
3/01/12
ANSWERS