Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
RUTHENIUM CATALYST.
Author(s): Germain, A.; Crine, M.; Marchot, P.; L'Homme, G. A.
Author Affiliation: Univ de Liege, Belg
Source: ACS Symp Ser Int Symp on Chem React Eng, 5th Mar 13-15 1978 n 65 1978 Houston, TX, USA
Am
Chem Soc Washington, DC p 411-424
Publication Year: 1978
Abstract: The prediction of the performances of a trickle-bed reactor is possible knowing only the intrinsic
rate
equation, if a good description of the topological liquid distribution is available. This one can be obtained
using the
percolation theory and resolving the local forces balances at the gas-liquid and liquid-solid interfaces. For
the
hydrogenation of 2-butanone, the authors could obtain calculated values of the conversion in satisfactory
agreement
with the experiments, provide that they take into account all the possible mass transfer processes between
all the
different types of bed areas. So for the first time the description of the liquid distribution in a trickle-bed
catalytic
reactor is sufficiently detailed to allow the quantitative prediction of the performances of such a reactor
using a
volatile liquid reactant. 21 Refs. EI Order Number: 79070000877
Subjects: CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT; CHEMICAL REACTION - Hydrogenation; CATALYSTS;
RUTHENIUM AND ALLOYS ;TRICKLE-BED REACTOR
Identifiers: TRICKLE-BED REACTOR
Classification Codes: 547
Effectiveness Factor of Partially Wetted Catalyst Particles: Evaluation and Application to the Modeling
of Trickle Bed Reactors
Author(s): Lemcoff, N.O. Cukierman, A.L.; Martinez, O.M.
Author Affiliation: Ciudad Univ, Buenos Aires, Argent
Source: Catal Rev Sci Eng v 30 n 3 1988 p 393-456 ISSN: 0360-2451 CODEN: CRSEC9
Publication Year: 1988
Abstract: The literature has been reviewed on the subject of evaluation and application of the effectiveness
factor of
catalyst particles in trickle bed reactor design. Numerical solutions have been presented for different
catalyst particle
geometries and, in most cases, for simple reaction kinetics. Also, several approximate equations have been
derived
that make the evaluation of the effectiveness factor much easier. Ramachandran and Smith's
approximation for gas
limiting reactant systems and Dudukovic's definition of Thiele modulus for a liquid reactant system have
been proven
to be important contributions. Although significant progress has been found in this area, there are still
several aspects
which remain to be thoroughly analyzed. The applications covered include catalyses of oxidation of ethyl
alcohol ad
sulfur dioxide, hydrogenation of methylstyrene, and hydrodesulfurization of heavy oils. EI Order Number:
Catalysts--Applications; Chemical Equipment--Reactors; Ethanol--Oxidation; Styrene--Hydrogenation;
Sulfur
Dioxide--Oxidation; Petroleum Refining ;Effectiveness Factor; Trickle Bed Reactor; Methylstyrene; Ethyl
Alcohol;
Heavy Oils; Mass Transfer
Identifiers: Effectiveness Factor; Trickle Bed Reactor; Methylstyrene; Ethyl Alcohol; Heavy Oils; Mass
Transfer
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Mathematical Models; FLOW OF FLUIDS - Packed Beds; LIQUIDS Chemical Reactions ;TRICKLE BEDS; PLUG FLOW; WALL FLOW; HYDROTREATING;
VOLATILE
LIQUID FEEDS
Identifiers: TRICKLE BEDS; PLUG FLOW; WALL FLOW; HYDROTREATING; VOLATILE LIQUID
FEEDS
Classification Codes: 802
Document Type: CA
4
ADVANCES IN TRICKLE-BED REACTOR MODELING.
Author(s): Crine, Michel L'Homme, Guy A.
Author Affiliation: Univ de Liege, Groupe de Chimie Appliquee et de Genie Chimique, Liege, Belg
Source: Recent Adv in the Eng Anal of Chem React Syst 1984 John Wiley & Sons New York, NY, USA
p
430-461
Publication Year: 1984
Abstract: Various attempts in modeling heat and mass transport processes are reviewed in this paper.
These models
are characterized by a homogeneous representation of the fluid flows wherein the gas and liquid flow rates
are
assumed to be independent of the position in the packing. The paper shows how the main concepts of
percolation
theory may lead to a phenomenological description of the fluid flow hydrodynamics and, in turn, to the
modeling of
various transport processes such as the dynamic liquid holdup, the catalyst irrigation rate, the axial
dispersion and the
radial flow spreading in the liquid phase. These models are compared with experimental results and
empirical
correlations reported in the literature. (Edited author abstract) 54 Refs. EI Order Number: 85120175747
CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT--Reactors; CHEMICAL REACTIONS - Mathematical Models; FLOW OF
FLUIDS; HEAT TRANSFER - Mathematical Models; MASS TRANSFER - Mathematical Models
;TRICKLE-BED REACTOR; RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION; PERCOLATION PROCESS
Identifiers: TRICKLE-BED REACTOR; RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION; PERCOLATION
PROCESS
Classification Codes: 802
Document Type: MC
Treatment: NT
5
IMMOBILIZED CELL REACTOR-SEPARATOR: EFFECTS OF PRESSURE AND GAS FLOW ON
REACTOR PERFORMANCE.
Author(s): Dale, M. C. Okos, M. R.; Wankat, P. C.
Author Affiliation: Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
Source: Amer Inst Chem Eng Natl Eng Natl Meet American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1983
Summer National
Meeting (Preprints). 1983 Denver, CO, USA Sponsored by: AIChE, New York, NY, USA AIChE New
York,
NY, USA 26p Paper: N 77D CODEN: ACENC9
Publication Year: 1983
Subjects: BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING; ;WHEY LACTOSE FERMENTATION; BUBBLE
COLUMN;
TRICKLE COLUMN; REACTOR MODELING; COLUMN PERFORMANCE; SPONGE PACKED
COLUMN
Identifiers: WHEY LACTOSE FERMENTATION; BUBBLE COLUMN; TRICKLE COLUMN;
REACTOR
MODELING; COLUMN PERFORMANCE; SPONGE PACKED COLUMN
Classification Codes: 461
Document Type: CA
Record 1
Mathematical modeling of the process of oxidation of SO$-2$/ in a fixed trickle bed of catalyst
Author(s): Stegasov, A.N.; Kirillov, V.A.
Corporate Source: Inst Kataliza SO RAN, Novosibirsk, Russia
Source: Teoreticheskie Osnovy Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii v 27 n 4 Jul-Aug 1993 p 393-397 CODEN:
TOKTA8
Publication Year: 1993
Abstract: The mathematical model is proposed for calculation of the process of oxidation of sulfur dioxide
in a fixed
catalyst bed under continuous and pulsed feeds of the liquid phase. The model is verified using the results
of
experimental-data processing. In Russian 13 Refs EI Order Number: 94011170299
Subjects: Mass transfer; Differential equations; Hydrodynamics; Mathematical models; Oxidation;
Chemical
reactors
Identifiers: Trickle-bed reactors; Balance equations; Liquid phase; Gaseous phase; Numerical experiments
Classification Codes: 631.2
Document Type: JA
Treatment: TX
1
Effectiveness Factor of Partially Wetted Catalyst Particles: Evaluation and Application to the Modeling
of Trickle Bed Reactors
Author(s): Lemcoff, N.O. Cukierman, A.L.; Martinez, O.M.
Author Affiliation: Ciudad Univ, Buenos Aires, Argent
Source: Catal Rev Sci Eng v 30 n 3 1988 p 393-456 ISSN: 0360-2451 CODEN: CRSEC9
Publication Year: 1988
Abstract: The literature has been reviewed on the subject of evaluation and application of the effectiveness
factor of
catalyst particles in trickle bed reactor design. Numerical solutions have been presented for different
catalyst particle
geometries and, in most cases, for simple reaction kinetics. Also, several approximate equations have been
derived
that make the evaluation of the effectiveness factor much easier. Ramachandran and Smith's
approximation for gas
limiting reactant systems and Dudukovic's definition of Thiele modulus for a liquid reactant system have
been proven
to be important contributions. Although significant progress has been found in this area, there are still
several aspects
which remain to be thoroughly analyzed. The applications covered include catalyses of oxidation of ethyl
alcohol ad
sulfur dioxide, hydrogenation of methylstyrene, and hydrodesulfurization of heavy oils. EI Order Number:
Catalysts--Applications; Chemical Equipment--Reactors; Ethanol--Oxidation; Styrene--Hydrogenation;
Sulfur
Dioxide--Oxidation; Petroleum Refining ;Effectiveness Factor; Trickle Bed Reactor; Methylstyrene; Ethyl
Alcohol;
Heavy Oils; Mass Transfer
Identifiers: Effectiveness Factor; Trickle Bed Reactor; Methylstyrene; Ethyl Alcohol; Heavy Oils; Mass
Transfer
Classification Codes: 803
Document Type: JA
Treatment: AT
2
RECENT ADVANCES IN THE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF TRICKLE-BED REACTORS.
Author(s): Ramachandran, P. A. Dudukovic, M. P.; Mills, P. L.
Author(s): Iannibello, Antonio Marengo, Sergio; Burgio, Gerlando; Baldi, Giancarlo; Sicardi, Silvio;
Specchia, Vito
Author Affiliation: Stazione Sperimentale per i Combustibili, Milan, Italy
Source: Ind Eng Chem Process Des Dev v 24 n 3 Jul 1985 p 531-537 ISSN: 0019-7882 CODEN:
IEPDAW
Publication Year: 1985
Abstract: The removal of sulfur and metals from a heavy residual oil by hydrotreating in a pilot tricklebed reactor
was examined. Catalysts with different active components on two different supports (bauxite and alumina)
were
tested. The results were interpreted via several models that took into account the physical and chemical
complexity of
the three-phase system. A first-order kinetics approach proved valid for the bauxite-based catalysts,
having a wide
pore size distribution, provided that the hydrodynamic effects in the reactor had been suitably accounted
for by either
external liquid holdup or apparent intraparticle diffusivity. In contrast, the results from the alumina
catalyst required
interpretation with a different model, probably because of the different pore size distribution. 31 Refs. EI
Order
Number: 85080106901
HYDROCARBONS--Processing; CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT - Reactors; HYDRODYNAMICS;
CATALYSTS
- Alumina ;HYDROTREATING REACTIONS; HEAVY RESIDUAL OIL; PILOT TRICKLE-BED
REACTOR
Identifiers: HYDROTREATING REACTIONS; HEAVY RESIDUAL OIL; PILOT TRICKLE-BED
REACTOR
Classification Codes: 803
Document Type: JA
Treatment: X
5
KINETIC MODELING OF THE OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE INTO GLUCONIC ACID USING A
TRICKLE BED REACTOR.
Author(s): Long, Nguyen Qui Germain, A.
Author Affiliation: Univ de Liege, Inst de Chimie, Liege, Belg
Source: Amer Inst Chem Eng Natl Eng Natl Meet 1985 Spring National Meeting and Petro Expo '85 American
Institute of Chemical Engineers. 1985 Houston, TX, USA Sponsored by: AIChE, New York, NY, USA
AIChE
New York, NY, USA 26p Paper: 70D CODEN: ACENC9
Publication Year: 1985
Abstract: A new continuous process was studied for the synthesis of gluconic acid by oxidation of glucose
on a
palladium catalyst. In order to optimize the productivity and the selectivity of the process, a kinetic model
was
developed based on data obtained in a continuous micro trickle bed reactor. This model correlates
accurately the
formation of gluconic acid as well as side products with the operating variables. It enables one to show
that the very
high catalyst loading of trickle bed reactors can considerably improve the selectivity of reactions normally
realized in
slurry reactors. 9 Refs. EI Order Number: 85080111069
SUGAR--Oxidation; CHEMICAL REACTIONS - Reaction Kinetics; CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT Reactors;
CATALYSTS; ACIDS - Manufacture; PALLADIUM AND ALLOYS ;GLUCONIC ACID;
CONTINUOUS
described by two reactor models. The first model considers only mass transfer between gas and solid
particles in
series with reaction, and the other takes account of diffusion phenomena in the gas-solids emulsion
(trickles) in
parallel with reaction. At increasing temperature, mass transfer phenomena show an increasingly
important limitation
for the conversion rate. Results show the influence of trickle formation. 7 Refs. EI Order Number:
85060080028
SULFUR COMPOUNDS--Oxidation; CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT - Reactors; AIR POLLUTION Control;
CATALYSTS - Zeolites; CATALYSIS - Mathematical Models ;DRY DESULFURIZATION;
HYDROGEN
SULFIDE; GAS-SOLID TRICKLE FLOW REACTOR; BENCH-SCALE TESTING
Identifiers: DRY DESULFURIZATION; HYDROGEN SULFIDE; GAS-SOLID TRICKLE FLOW
REACTOR; BENCH-SCALE TESTING
Classification Codes: 804
Document Type: CA
10
OXIDATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE IN A TRICKLE-BED REACTOR: A STUDY OF REACTOR
MODELLING.
Author(s): Berruti, F. Hudgins, R. R.; Rhodes, E.; Sicardi, S.
Author Affiliation: Univ of Waterloo, Dep of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo, Ont, Can
Source: Can J Chem Eng v 62 n 5 Oct 1984 p 644-650 ISSN: 0008-4034 CODEN: CJCEA7
Publication Year: 1984
Abstract: In the reported experiments, the catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide on activated carbon by
oxygen in the
presence of water was carried out to study a laboratory-scale trickle-bed reactor. The particular aim of this
study
was to develop empirical models describing the reactor behavior for reactions in which the controlling
reactant is in
the gas phase. Water and various gaseous SO//2-air-O//2 mixtures were fed co-currently downward
through a fixed
bed of small carbon particles wetted to various degrees. The liquid distribution nozzle was designed to
minimize
entrance disturbances. Sulfuric acid product was analyzed by conventional titration methods. The
experimental data
are satisfactorily interpreted by either of two different models: one considers that the external area of the
catalyst is
divided into two zones (wetted and dry) both active with respect to mass transfer; the other assumes that
only one
zone of the external area involves mass transfer and that the mass transfer coefficient must be calculated
according to
film theory. 15 Refs. EI Order Number: 84120221396
Subjects: SULFUR DIOXIDE; CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT - Reactors; MATHEMATICAL MODELS;
CATALYSTS - Activated Carbon; OXYGEN; WATER ;TRICKLE-BED REACTORS
Identifiers: TRICKLE-BED REACTORS
11
PERFORMANCE OF A PILOT TRICKLE-BED REACTOR FOR HYDROTREATING OF
PETROLEUM FRACTIONS: DYNAMIC ANALYSIS.
Author(s): Iannibello, Antonio Marengo, Sergio; Guerci, Alessandro; Baidi, Giancarlo; Sicardi, Silvio
Author Affiliation: Stazione Sperimentale per i Combustibili, Milan, Italy
Source: Ind Eng Chem Process Des Dev v 22 n 4 Oct 1983 p 594-598 ISSN: 0019-7882 CODEN:
IEPDAW
location, starting time, and quantity of quench stream, to prevent excess temperature rise that would
otherwise lead
to left double quote run-away right double quote condition and poor product yields. 18 Refs. EI Order
Number:
80110002035
Subjects: CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT; CHEMICAL REACTIONS - Hydrocracking; MATHEMATICAL
MODELS; DYNAMICS ;TRICKLED-BED REACTORS
Identifiers: TRICKLED-BED REACTORS
Classification Codes: 802
17
AXIAL DISPERSION OF GAS AND SOLID PHASES IN A GAS-SOLID PACKED COLUMN AT
TRICKLE FLOW.
Author(s): Roes, A. W. M. van Swaaij, W. P. M.
Author Affiliation: Twente Univ of Technol, Enschede, Neth
Source: Chem Eng J (Lausanne) v 18 n 1 Aug 1979 p 13-28 ISSN: 0300-9467 CODEN: CMEJAJ
Publication Year: 1979
Abstract: Axial dispersion of gas and solid phases in a gas-solid packed column at trickle flow, a
promising new
countercurrent operation, was evaluated using residence time distribution (RTD) experiments. The column
was
packed with dumped Pall rings, the gas phase was air at ambient conditions and the solid was a porous
catalyst
carrier. At a given solid flow rate axial dispersion of the gas phase decreases with increasing gas velocity
and is
strongly dependent upon solid mass flux. Axial dispersion of the solid phase is approximately independent
of the gas
velocity and it is reduced if the solid mass flux is increased. For conditions of practical importance, 2-5
and 5-15 Pall
ring layers correspond to the height of a mixing unit in the gas and solid phase, respectively. 23 Refs. EI
Order
Number: 80010000366
Subjects: FLOW OF FLUIDS; HEAT TRANSFER; MASS TRANSFER ;COUNTERCURRENT
OPERATION
Identifiers: COUNTERCURRENT OPERATION
Classification Codes: 631
TRICKLE-BED REACTORS.
Author(s): Ng, K. M. Chu, C. F.
Author Affiliation: Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
Source: Chem Eng Prog v 83 n 11 Nov 1987 p 55-63 ISSN: 0009-2495 CODEN: CEPRA8
Publication Year: 1987
Abstract: Trickle-bed reactors can be defined as a fixed bed of catalyst particles, contacted by a gas-liquid,
two-phase flow. The flow may be cocurrent (downflow or upflow) or countercurrent. In this article,
cocurrent
downflow is considered, which, because of its relatively lower pressure drop and the absence of flooding,
is by far
the most common mode of operation in industrial practice. Trickle-bed reactors are used primarily in the
petroleum
industry for hydrocracking, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrodenitrogenation. Many basic aspects of
trickle-bed
reactors are not yet fully understood, making design from fundamentals very difficult. The axial Peclet
number in the
trickling regime, which is in agreement with the experimental data, is relatively independent of the liquid
flow rate. 10
Refs. EI Order Number: 88030036194
CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT--Reactors; FLOW OF FLUIDS - Two Phase; PETROLEUM REFINERIES -
gas-limiting reaction of order less than or equal to one. The model indicates that under certain conditions
the liquid
reactant may affect the reaction rate due to its inability to rapidly diffuse to catalyst areas that are in direct
contact
with the gas. This model is the first to explain and predict on a rational basis the experimental results for
the
hydrogenation of diluted alpha -methylstyrene and aqueous maleic acid reported in the literature. A
criterion that
determines when liquid reactant effects can be expected is developed and reported. (Author abstract) 31
Refs. EI
Order Number: 87120192853
CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT--Reactors; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS - Hydrogenation; CATALYSTS Wetting;
ACIDS - Hydrogenation; MASS TRANSFER; GASES ;TRICKLE-BED REACTORS; LIQUID
DIFFUSIONAL EFFECTS; GAS-LIMITED REACTION; MALEIC ACID
Identifiers: TRICKLE-BED REACTORS; LIQUID DIFFUSIONAL EFFECTS; GAS-LIMITED
REACTION;
MALEIC ACID
Classification Codes: 802
Document Type: JA
Treatment: TX
4
GAS-SOLID TRICKLE-FLOW REACTOR FOR THE CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF HYDROGEN
SULPHIDE: A TRICKLE-PHASE MODEL.
Author(s): Verver, A. B. Van Swaaij, W. P. M.
Author Affiliation: Twente Univ of Technology, Enschede, Neth
Source: Chem Eng Sci v 42 n 3 1987 p 435-445 ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCAC
Publication Year: 1987
Abstract: The oxidation of H//2S by O//2 producing elemental sulfur has been studied at temperatures of
100-300
degree C and at atmospheric pressure in a laboratory-scale gas-solid trickle-flow reactor. In order to
describe mass
transfer in the trickle-flow reactor, a reactor model has been developed in which a particle-free, upflowing
gas phase
and a dense, downflowing gas-solids suspension, the so-called trickle phase, are distinguished. From the
experiments
and from the reactor model calculations it appears that for the H//2S-O//2 reaction no mass transfer
limitations occur
at temperatures up to about 200 degree C, whereas at 300 degree C gas-phase mass transfer and diffusion
within
the dense solids suspensions offer resistance to reaction. (Edited author abstract) 16 Refs. EI Order
Number:
87070105627
HYDROGEN SULFIDE--Oxidation; CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT - Reactors; SOLIDS - Suspensions;
MASS
TRANSFER; ZEOLITES ;GAS-SOLID TRICKLE-FLOW REACTOR; TRICKLE-PHASE MODEL;
TRICKLE PHASE
Identifiers: GAS-SOLID TRICKLE-FLOW REACTOR; TRICKLE-PHASE MODEL; TRICKLE PHASE
Classification Codes: 931
Document Type: JA
Treatment: TX
5
CATALYTIC HYDROTREATING OF BITUMEN DERIVED COKER GAS OIL: A MODIFIED
KINETIC MODEL FOR PILOT AND COMMERCIAL PLANTS.
Author(s): Yui, S. M. Sanford, E. C.
Author Affiliation: Syncrude Canada Ltd, Edmonton, Alberta, Can
Source: Preprints - Tenth Canadian Symposium on Catalysis. 1986 Kingston, Ont, Can Sponsored by:
Chemical
Inst of Canada, Catalysis Div, Ottawa, Ont, Can Chemical Inst of Canada Ottawa, Ont, Can p 30-39
Publication Year: 1986
Abstract: A new kinetic model for hydrotreating of coker gas oil has been developed. First and 1. 5th
order kinetics
are applied to nitrogen (HDN) and sulfur removal (HDS), respectively. The model incorporates terms for
hydrogen
partial pressure (H//2PP) and catalyst wetting efficiency. By analyzing the pilot plant data, the power
terms of 1. 3
(HDN) and 0. 8 (HDS) for H//2PP were obtained. The wetting efficiency of a commercial unit is assumed
to be
unity. The pilot scale trickle-bed, on the other hand, is only partially wetted; therefore, the plug flow
assumption
cannot be applied. The validity of the model was confirmed by commercial data. (Edited author abstract)
11 Refs. EI
Order Number: 88030044950
GAS OIL--Processing; CHEMICAL REACTIONS - Reaction Kinetics; CATALYSTS - Wetting;
CHEMICAL
EQUIPMENT - Reactors; HYDROGEN - Pressure Effects ;COKER GAS OIL; CATALYTIC
HYDROTREATING; CATALYST WETTING EFFICIENCY; PLUG FLOW; TRICKLE-BED
REACTOR
Identifiers: COKER GAS OIL; CATALYTIC HYDROTREATING; CATALYST WETTING
EFFICIENCY;
PLUG FLOW; TRICKLE-BED REACTOR
Classification Codes: 523
Modelling of catalytic SO$-2$/ oxidation for continuous and periodic liquid flow through a trickle bed
Author(s): Stegasov, A.N.; Kirillov, V.A.; Silveston, P.L.
Corporate Source: Siberian Branch of the Russian Acad of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
Source: Chemical Engineering Science v 49 n 22 Nov 1994 Pergamon Press Inc Tarrytown NY USA p
3699-3710 ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCAC
Publication Year: 1994
Abstract: SO$-2$/ oxidation over an activated carbon catalyst in a dynamically operated, adiabatic trickle
bed can
be described by a system of partial differential equations representing mass balances on four components
in two
phases, a fifth component only in the gas phase, two heat balances (one in the mixed fluid phase and the
other for the
stationary catalyst particles) and a total mass balance on the liquid phase. A stable, efficient algorithm has
been
developed to integrate the system of equations so as to predict the temperature profile in the bed and the
acid
concentration leaving the trickle bed. The adjustable parameter used to obtain the prediction, the wetting
fraction,
agrees well with experimental correlations of wetting vs liquid flow. The model is thus accurate. The
effect of different
kinetic models for SO$-2$/ oxidation on the simulations is examined. In English (Author abstract) 29
Refs. EI
Order Number: 95012528892
Subjects: Oxidation; Reaction kinetics; Sulfur dioxide; Sulfuric acid; Activated carbon; Catalysts;
Mathematical
models; Differential equations; Algorithms; Integration; Wetting; Flow of fluids; Particles (particulate
matter)
Identifiers: Trickle bed; Intermittent liquid flow
Classification Codes: 802.2
Document Type: JA
Treatment: TX
Record 2
Liquid-phase methanol synthesis: modelling of a monolithic reactor
Author(s): Cybulski, Andrzej; Edvinsson, Rolf; Irandoust, Said; Andersson, Bengt
Corporate Source: Delft Univ of Technology, Delft, Neth
Source: Chemical Engineering Science v 48 n 20 Oct 1993 p 3463-3478 ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN:
CESCAC
Publication Year: 1993
Abstract: A mathematical model of a monolithic reactor for liquid-phase methanol synthesis is developed.
The
performance of a commercial-scale monolithic reactor is simulated. The influence of various design
parameters for
different solvents and process conditions is studied. Over the range of process conditions considered, it
was found
that the mass transfer is sufficiently fast to allow the process to be operated essentially in the kinetic
regime. The
numerical results are compared with literature data on slurry columns, autoclaves and trickle-bed reactors.
The
performance of the monolithic reactor was found to be commensurable with these reactors. In view of
some of the
unique advantages of the monolithic reactor it can be a viable alternative to the conventional methanol
reactors. In
English (Author abstract) refs EI Order Number: 93111127433
Subjects: Chemical reactors; Mathematical models; Methanol; Synthesis (chemical); Performance; Mass
transfer;
Reaction kinetics; Solvents
Identifiers: Monolithic reactor; Liquid phase methanol synthesis; Design parameters; Kinetic regime;
Process
conditions
Classification Codes: 802.1
Document Type: JA
Treatment: AT
Record 3
Simulation of hydrodewaxing reactor by stochastic method
Author(s): Yang, Jianli; Li, Jianlong
Corporate Source: Qingdao Inst of Chemical Technology, Qingdao, China
Source: Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities v 6 n 3 Sep 1992 p 264-270 ISSN:
1003-9015
CODEN: GHGXEG
Publication Year: 1992
Abstract: An industrial reactor is divided into MXN reaction zones which are in series and parallel. A
model for the
conversion rate of the hydrodewaxing reaction in a given zone was derived from a pure death process and
Sylvester-Pitayagulsarn model. The gas and liquid flow distributions in each zone were predicted by a
Markov
process with discrete state and discrete time is in agreement with the industrial operational data. The
effects of the
feed temperature and the feeding rate on the performances of the industrial hydrodewaxing reactor were
also
discussed in the paper. In Chinese (Edited author abstract) 8 Refs EI Order Number: 93050994396
Subjects: Chemical reactors; Dewaxing; Flow of fluids; Computer simulation
Identifiers: Trickle bed; Hydrodewaxing
Classification Codes: 802.1
Document Type: JA
Treatment: X
Record 4
Modelling of non-catalytic reactions in a gas-solid trickle flow reactor. Dry, regenerative flue gas
desulphurisation using a silica-supported copper oxide sorbent
Author(s): Kiel, J.H.A.; Prins, W.; Van Swaaij, W.P.M.
Corporate Source: Univ of Twente, Enschede, Neth
Source: Chemical Engineering Science v 47 n 17-18 Dec 1992 p 4271-4286 ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN:
CESCAC
Publication Year: 1992
Abstract: A one-dimensional, two-phase axially dispersed plug flow model has been developed to
describe the
steady-state performance of a relatively new type of reactor, the gas-solid trickle flow reactor (GSTFR). In
this
reactor, an upward-flowing gas phase is contacted with a downward-flowing dilute solids phase over an
inert
packing. The model is derived from the separate mass and heat balances for both the gas and (porous)
solids phases
for the case of a non-catalytic gas-solid reaction, which is first-order in the gaseous reactant. The reaction
rate may
also depend on the solid reactant concentration, but this concentration is assumed to be low and uniform
throughout
the solids volume. From the model, axial profiles can be calculated numerically for the four independent
variables, viz,
the gas-phase and solids-phase temperatures and the concentrations of the gaseous and solid reactant.
Under
isothermal conditions, the model equations can be solved analytically; the resulting expressions for the
axial profiles of
the gaseous and solid reactant are presented. The model is applied to predict the flue gas desulphurisation
performance of a full-scale GSTF absorber in a dry, regenerative process for the simultaneous removal of
SO$-x$/
and NO$-x$/ from flue gases. In this process, to be operated at 350-400$DGR@C, the sorbent material
consists of
a porous silica support (spherical particles, 1.5 mm diameter) with 7.5 wt% CuO deposited on this support
by an
ion-exchange technique. The model calculations are based on experimental findings from previous studies
regarding
reaction kinetics, hydrodynamics of the two-phase flow, gas-solids mass transfer and testing of the
integrated
process in a bench-scale plant. It appears that SO$-2$/ removal efficiencies over 95% can be achieved in a
GSTF
absorber with a length of 15 m. In English (Edited author abstract) EI Order Number: 93010682094
Subjects: Chemical reactors; Flue gases; Desulfurization; Flow of fluids; Performance; Mathematical
models;
Adsorbents; Reaction kinetics; Silica; Copper oxides; Two phase flow; Temperature distribution;
Hydrodynamics
Identifiers: Trickle flow reactor; Gas phase axial profiles
Classification Codes: 802
Document Type: JA
Treatment: TX
Record 5
Trickle-bed reactors. State of art and perspectives
Author(s): Gianetto, A.; Specchia, V.
Corporate Source: Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Source: Chemical Engineering Science First International Conference on Gas-Liquid and Gas-LiquidSolid Reactor
Engineering Sep 13-16 1992 v 47 n 13-14 Sep-Oct 1992 Columbus, OH, USA p 3197-3218 ISSN: 00092509
CODEN: CESCAC
Publication Year: 1992
Abstract: Theoretical and phenomenological aspects of trickle-bed reactors as reported in a wide number
of
papers of the last 35 years have been reviewed. The following engineering topics have been focused by
trying a
critical interpretation of the attained results: hydrodynamics, fluid-solid contacting, theoretical and
semiempirical
models, mass transfer phenomena, heat and pressure effects. The more recent themes considered in the
literature and
some important future trends of scientific and applied research have been enlightened. In English (Author
abstract)
111 Refs EI Order Number: 92110624673
Subjects: Chemical reactors; Mathematical models; Hydrodynamics; Mass transfer; Heat transfer
Identifiers: Trickle bed reactors; Catalyst wetting; Fluid solid contacting; Wetting efficiency
Classification Codes: 802.1
Document Type: JA
Treatment: LTG
Record 6
Multiphase reactors. Models and experimental verification
Author(s): Dudukovic, M.P.; Devanathan, N.; Holub, R.
Corporate Source: Washington Univ, St. Louis, MO, USA
Source: Revue de l'Institut Francais du Petrole v 46 n 4 Jul-Aug 1991 p 439-465 ISSN: 0020-2274
CODEN:
RFPTBH
Publication Year: 1991
Abstract: This paper addresses the issue of improving our understanding of the hydrodynamics in two
commonly
used reactor types: bubble columns and trickle beds. We use two different approaches. For the bubble
column we
develop and present a technique for measurement of liquid velocities and turbulence parameters in order
to provide
much needed data. We then suggest that this, coupled with another experimental technique for evaluation
of voidage
profiles, would yield all the necessary measurements for critical evaluation of the existing two phase flow
models. In
trickle-beds we develop a simple phenomenological model for liquid flow and confront it with the
available data for
pressure drop, holdup and flow regime transition. Based on this we develop a model for liquid distribution
and
suggest that quantification of any such model requires the use of noninvasive imaging technology of
which we give an
example. In English 50 Refs EI Order Number: 91100313157
Subjects: Chemical Reactors; Chemical Equipment--Bubble Columns; Hydrodynamics--Mathematical
Models;
Computer Aided Analysis; Flow of Fluids--Multiphase
Identifiers: Trickle Beds; Computer Aided Radioactive Particle Tracking; Multiphase Reactors;
Backmixing Parameters; Flow Regime Transition; Ergun Coefficients
Classification Codes: 802
Document Type: JA
Treatment: TXL
Record 1
Modelling of non-catalytic reactions in a gas-solid trickle flow reactor. Dry, regenerative flue gas
desulphurisation using a silica-supported copper oxide sorbent
Author(s): Kiel, J.H.A.; Prins, W.; Van Swaaij, W.P.M.
papers of the last 35 years have been reviewed. The following engineering topics have been focused by
trying a
critical interpretation of the attained results: hydrodynamics, fluid-solid contacting, theoretical and
semiempirical
models, mass transfer phenomena, heat and pressure effects. The more recent themes considered in the
literature and
some important future trends of scientific and applied research have been enlightened. In English (Author
abstract)
111 Refs EI Order Number: 92110624673
Subjects: Chemical reactors; Mathematical models; Hydrodynamics; Mass transfer; Heat transfer
Identifiers: Trickle bed reactors; Catalyst wetting; Fluid solid contacting; Wetting efficiency
Classification Codes: 802.1
Document Type: JA
Treatment: LTG
Record 3
Multiphase reactors. Models and experimental verification
Author(s): Dudukovic, M.P.; Devanathan, N.; Holub, R.
Corporate Source: Washington Univ, St. Louis, MO, USA
Source: Revue de l'Institut Francais du Petrole v 46 n 4 Jul-Aug 1991 p 439-465 ISSN: 0020-2274
CODEN:
RFPTBH
Publication Year: 1991
Abstract: This paper addresses the issue of improving our understanding of the hydrodynamics in two
commonly
used reactor types: bubble columns and trickle beds. We use two different approaches. For the bubble
column we
develop and present a technique for measurement of liquid velocities and turbulence parameters in order
to provide
much needed data. We then suggest that this, coupled with another experimental technique for evaluation
of voidage
profiles, would yield all the necessary measurements for critical evaluation of the existing two phase flow
models. In
trickle-beds we develop a simple phenomenological model for liquid flow and confront it with the
available data for
pressure drop, holdup and flow regime transition. Based on this we develop a model for liquid distribution
and
suggest that quantification of any such model requires the use of noninvasive imaging technology of
which we give an
example. In English 50 Refs EI Order Number: 91100313157
Subjects: Chemical Reactors; Chemical Equipment--Bubble Columns; Hydrodynamics--Mathematical
Models;
Computer Aided Analysis; Flow of Fluids--Multiphase
Identifiers: Trickle Beds; Computer Aided Radioactive Particle Tracking; Multiphase Reactors;
Backmixing Parameters; Flow Regime Transition; Ergun Coefficients
Classification Codes: 802
Document Type: JA
Treatment: TXL
Record 4
Thermal waves in the periodic operation of a trickle-bed reactor
Author(s): Haure, Patricia M.; Bogdashev, S.M.; Bunimovich, M.; Stegasov, A.N.; Hudgins, R.R.;
Silveston, P.L.
Corporate Source: Univ Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argent
Source: Chemical Engineering Science Eleventh International Symposium on Chemical Reaction
Engineering ISCRE 11: New Horizons for Reaction Engineering Jul 8-11 1990 v 45 n 8 1990 Toronto, Ont, Can p
2255-2261
Subjects: Catalysis; Chemical Equipment - Reactors; Glucose - Hydrogenation; Flow of Fluids - Films;
Catalysts Nickel; Mass Transfer - Mathematical Models
Identifiers: Column Reactors; Differential Equations; Gas-Liquid Reactions; Irrigated Packed Bed
Reactors; Liquid Film Mass Transfer; Trickle Bed Reactors
Classification Codes: 802
Document Type: JA
Treatment: TX
Periodic operation of trickle bed reactor for hydrogenolysis in gas-liquid-liquid-solid four phases
Author(s): Yamada, Hiroshi; Goto, Shigeo
Corporate Source: Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Jpn
Source: Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan v 30 n 3 Jun 1997 Soc of Chemical Engineers, Jpn
Tokyo Japan
p 478-483 ISSN: 0021-9592 CODEN: JCEJAQ
Publication Year: 1997
Abstract: Trickle bed reactors are the most common gas-liquid-solid three-phase reactors involving a solid
catalyst, and gaseous and liquid reactants. If solvents in the liquid phase are indissoluble in each other,
gas-liquid-liquid-solid four phases exist in the reactor. Deprotection of amino acid was studied in a trickle
bed
reactor as a typical example of a four-phase system. A reactant (carbobenzoxy phenylalanine) could be
dissolved in
an organic phase and hydrogenated to a product (phenylalanine) using a Pd/C solid catalyst. Phenylalanine
had
hydrophilic properties and transferred from the organic phase to the aqueous phase. When two liquids
were
continuously introduced into the four-phase reactor, the product (phenylalanine) was deposited on the
surface of the
catalyst and the catalytic activity gradually decreased. Periodic operation was adopted to solve this
problem. Only
distilled water was periodically introduced into the reactor to wash the catalyst, which could be
completely
regenerated after this washing period. The optimal reaction period was determined by simulation to obtain
a high
concentration of the product. In English (Author abstract) 5 Refs. EI Order Number: 97093813539
Subjects: Chemical reactors; Hydrogenation; Solvents; Amino acids; Catalyst activity; Aromatic
compounds; Phase
transitions; Dissolution
Identifiers: Trickle bed reactors; Multiphase reactors
Classification Codes: 802.3
Document Type: JA
Treatment: G
Record 2
Modelling of hydrotreating process in a trickle-bed reactor
Author(s): Kumar, V. Ramesh; Balaraman, K.S.; Rao, V.S. Ramachandra; Ananth, M.S.
Corporate Source: Indian Inst of Technology, Madras, India
Source: Petroleum Science and Technology v 15 n 3-4 Apr-May 1997 Marcel Dekker Inc New York NY
USA p
283-295 ISSN: 1091-6466 CODEN: PSTEFV
Publication Year: 1997
Abstract: Pilot scale hydrotreating experiments have been conducted on straight run high speed diesel oil
(SR
HSDO) using commercially available Co-Mo on Al$-2$/O$-3$/ catalyst. Kinetics of
hydrodesulphurization and
hydrodenitrogenation are studied using the models that took into account the physical and chemical
complexities of
the three phase system. Correlations are developed to predict the product properties based on operating
conditions.
The results show a good agreement with the experimental data. In English (Author abstract) 5 Refs.
Subjects: Diesel fuels; Gas oils; Catalysts; Alumina; Chemical reactors; Reaction kinetics;
Desulfurization;
Correlation methods; Cobalt
Identifiers: Hydrodenitrogenation; Hydrodesulphurization; Trickle bed reactors
Classification Codes: 523
Document Type: JA
Treatment: X
Record 3
Analysis of rate enhancement in a periodically operated trickle-bed reactor
Author(s): Gabarain, L.; Castellari, A.T.; Cechini, J.; Tobolski, A.; Haure, P.
Corporate Source: Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata
Source: AIChE Journal v 43 n 1 Jan 1997 AIChE New York NY USA p 166-172 ISSN: 0001-1541
CODEN:
AICEAC
Publication Year: 1997
Abstract: When a trickle-bed reactor (TBR) is operated periodically, the bed is fed with liquid on and off,
while
the gas phase passes continuously. Rates and conversions could be higher than those corresponding to the
steady-state operation. In the `dry cycles' the heat generated by the reaction can drive the vaporization of
the liquid
phase, and a much more rapid `gas phase' reaction may occur. There is a trade-off between the potential
for
hot-spot formation and the fact that overall rates are higher during cycling. A qualitative understanding of
the phase
transition in TBRs is obtained by a simple phenomenological model that takes into account different
transport and
reaction mechanisms occurring in a catalytic particle under different cycling conditions. A mathematical
model is used
to predict results. In English (Author abstract) 16 Refs.
Subjects: Chemical reactors; Reaction kinetics; Vaporization; Thermal cycling; Phase transitions;
Catalysts; Particles
(particulate matter); Mathematical models; Mass transfer
Identifiers: Trickle bed reactors; Hot spot formation; Dry cycles
Classification Codes: 802.1
Document Type: JA
Treatment: TX
Record 4
Continuous lumping model for simulation of hydrocracking
Author(s): Laxminarasimhan, C.S.; Verma, R.P.; Ramachandran, P.A.
Corporate Source: Indian Oil Corp, Faridabad, India
Source: AIChE Journal v 42 n 9 Sep 1996 AIChE New York NY USA p 2645-2653 ISSN: 0001-1541
CODEN: AICEAC
Publication Year: 1996
Abstract: Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil is an important chemical process involving complex reaction
mixtures.
The reaction is carried out in a trickle-bed reactor, considering reaction kinetics along with such
hydrodynamic
effects as mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion, and partial wetting. Since reaction kinetics is critical to
modeling and
simulation of a hydrocracking reactor, a modeling approach needs to capture the complex chemistry of the
process,
along with the elegance of the solution method. The complex chemistry of hydrocarbon is represented by
an elegant
continuous lumping approach to modeling. The true boiling point of the mixture is used as the
characterization
parameter. Since the rate constant of hydrocracking is assumed to be a monotonic function of the true
boiling point, it
is possible to reformulate mass-balance equations in terms of rate constant as a continuous variable. A
novel
distribution function p(k,K), which determines the fractional yield distribution of species, was formulated
based on
data from the cracking patterns of various model compounds. Resulting integrodifferential equations are
solved
numerically to obtain yields of various fractions as a function of reactor residence time. Model predictions
are
compared with limited published data to show the utility of the model. In English (Author abstract) Refs.
EI Order
Number: 96103358237
Subjects: Hydrocracking; Computer simulation; Mathematical models; Gas oils; Reaction kinetics;
Hydrodynamics;
Chemical reactors; Integrodifferential equations; Probability; Computational fluid dynamics
Identifiers: Continuous lumping model; Vacuum gas oil; Complex reaction mixtures; Trickle bed reactor;
Hydrodynamic effects; Mass balance equation; Fractional yield distribution
Classification Codes: 802.2
Document Type: JA
Treatment: T
Record 5
Interfacial mass transfer in trickle-bed reactor modelling
Author(s): Toppinen, S.; Aittamaa, J.; Salmi, T.
Corporate Source: Abo Akademi, Abo, Finl
Source: Chemical Engineering Science v 51 n 18 Sep 1996 Pergamon Press Inc Tarrytown NY USA p
4335-4345
ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCAC
Publication Year: 1996
Abstract: A rigorous steady-state model was written for trickle-bed reactors. The mass and heat transfer
resistances both between the gas phase and the liquid phase and between the liquid phase and the catalyst
surface
are included in the reactor model. The mass transfer is modelled using both the Maxwell-Stefan equations
and the
effective diffusivity method. The numerical solution of the model is discussed. The reactor model was
attached to a
flowsheet simulator that provided all the required physical property and phase-behaviour calculations.
Finally, an
industrial hydrogenation reactor was simulated as an example. The simulation results were used to
examine the
importance of local mass and heat transfer resistances in the reactor. In English (Author abstract) 24 Refs.
EI
Order Number: 96093332245
Subjects: Chemical reactors; Mass transfer; Heat transfer; Maxwell equations; Diffusion in gases;
Diffusion in
liquids; Computer simulation; Physical properties; Thermodynamic properties; Reaction kinetics;
Mathematical
models; Flowcharting
Identifiers: Trickle bed reactors; Rigorous steady state model; Effective diffusivity method
Classification Codes: 802.1
Document Type: JA
Treatment: GT
Record 6
Three-phase reactor model for hydrotreating in pilot trickle-bed reactors
Identifiers: Trickle bed reactor; Hydroxypropanal; Propanediol; Effectiveness factor; Cylinder shell
model; Mass
balance equations; Acrolein; Spinning basket reactors
Classification Codes: 802.1
Document Type: JA
Treatment: T
Record 8
Modelling of a trickle-bed reactor: I. Extended definitions and new approximations
Author(s): Valerius, G.; Zhu, X.; Hofmann, H.
Corporate Source: Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Ger
Source: Chemical Engineering and Processing v 35 n 1 Jan 1996 p 1-9 CODEN: CENPEU
Publication Year: 1996
Abstract: Important ideas in the modelling of trickle-bed reactors given in the literature are summarized,
partly
extended and placed into context which, in future, will hopefully lead to a more satisfactory theory about
the
important physical and chemical processes in this type of reactor. Based on the common behaviour of
different
reaction systems and results of previous investigations, general model equations are formulated, which
seem to be
applicable to many reactions in a trickle-bed reactor. A new approximation for the overall catalyst
effectiveness
factor - the so-called cylinder shell model - is presented, which leads to one-dimensional mass balance
equations
inside the catalyst for all possible values of the external wetting efficiency on a particle scale. In English
(Author
abstract) 16 Refs. EI Order Number: 96033109342
Subjects: Chemical reactors; Mathematical models; Reaction kinetics; Approximation theory; Catalysts;
Wetting;
Mass transfer; Solubility; Gases; Catalyst deactivation
Identifiers: Trickle bed reactor; Cylinder shell model; Mass balance equations; Effectiveness factor;
Gaseous
reactant; Mass transfer resistance
Classification Codes: 802.1
Document Type: JA
Treatment: T
Record 9
Dynamic modelling of catalytic three phase reactors
Author(s): Warna, J.; Salmi, T.
Corporate Source: Abo Akademi, Abo, Finl
Source: Computers & Chemical Engineering v 20 n 1 Jan 1996 Pergamon Press Inc Tarrytown NY USA p
39-47
ISSN: 0098-1354 CODEN: CCENDW
Publication Year: 1996
Abstract: Dynamic models were developed for three phase slurry and trickle bed reactors operating in
non-isothermal conditions. The model equations for the gas, liquid and catalyst phases consisted of
parabolic partial
differential equations (PDE) and ordinary differential equations (ODE), which were converted to ODEs
using finite
difference approximations for the spatial derivatives. The ODEs were solved by a stiff ODE solver
(LSODE) using
the backward difference method. The numerical strategy proved to be reliable. The reactor simulation
programs
were included in a flowsheet simulator. The use of the programs was illustrated with two case studies:
oxidation of
SO$-2$/ and hydrogenation of toluene. The example simulations showed that the dynamic approach
provides a
meaningful path to the steady state of the reactor and gives valuable information of the reaction dynamics.
In English
(Author abstract) Refs. EI Order Number: 95112929965
Subjects: Chemical reactors; Computer simulation; Mathematical models; Partial differential equations;
Finite
difference method; Approximation theory; Numerical methods; Hydrogenation; Toluene; Oxidation;
Sulfur dioxide;
Convergence of numerical methods; Catalysis
Identifiers: Catalytic three phase reactors; Trickle bed reactors; Ordinary differential equations; Backward
difference method; Flowsheet simulator
Classification Codes: 802.1
Document Type: JA
Treatment: TX
Record 10
Simulation of non-ideal flow in a trickle bed hydrotreater by the cross-flow model
Author(s): Tsamatsoulis, Dimitris; Papayannakos, Nikos
Corporate Source: Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece
Source: Chemical Engineering Science v 50 n 23 Dec 1995 Pergamon Press Inc Tarrytown NY USA p
3685-3691
ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCAC
Publication Year: 1995
Abstract: The cross-flow model is used for the description of non-ideal behaviour of the liquid flow in a
bench scale
hydrotreater. Experimental data were received at reaction conditions using non-porous particles of various
sizes.
Total and static holdup and film thickness are correlated with liquid velocity and particle size. Mass
transfer
characteristic parameters are also correlated with liquid flow, particle size and bed porosity. System
response
simulation to stepwise feed tracer concentration change and best fit to experimental data yield the values
of model
parameters. In English (Author abstract) 17 Refs. EI Order Number: 96012991042
Subjects: Flow of fluids; Mathematical models; Computer simulation; Chemical reactors; Particles
(particulate
matter); Mass transfer; Particle size analysis; Fluidized beds; Porosity; Films
Identifiers: Non-ideal flow; Trickle bed hydrotreater; Cross-flow model; Non-porous particles; Mass
transfer
characteristic parameters; Bed porosity; System response simulation; Feed tracer concentration change;
Model
parameters; Liquid velocity
Classification Codes: 631.1
Document Type: JA
Treatment: ATX
Record 11
Multicomponent mass and energy transport on different length scales in a packed reactive distillation
column for heterogeneously catalysed fuel ether production
Author(s): Sundmacher, Kai; Hoffmann, Ulrich
Corporate Source: Technische Universitaet Clausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Ger
Source: Chemical Engineering Science Chemical Reaction Engineering: Science & Technology
Proceedings of the
13th International Symposium on Chemical Reaction Engineering. Part A Sep 25-28 1994 v 49 n 24A Dec
1994
Baltimore, MD, USA 2 Pergamon Press Inc Tarrytown NY USA p 4443-4464 ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN:
CESCAC
compound, dichloromethane, will be analysed. The mathematical model used in this work is based on the
stationary
differential mass balances along the reactor height together with the corresponding reaction terms. The
experiments
with ethanol reveal that over a large range of gas inlet concentrations, the rate limiting factor of the
degradation
process is oxygen limitation. The reason for this is the small partition coefficient of ethanol resulting in
large liquid
concentrations. Thus, the pollutant is mineralized at a relatively high rate until dissolved oxygen inside the
biofilm is
depleted. In these cases, model calculations with a zeroth-order reaction term describe the experimental
data well.
The experiments with polyalkylated benzenes reveal that substrate limitation occurs within the relevant
range of gas
inlet concentrations. The reason for this is the large partition coefficient resulting in small liquid
concentrations. Thus,
first-order reaction applies. Again, a rather good agreement of model and experiment is achieved. The
analysis of the
data of dichloromethane yields kinetic data within the transition regime of first-order and zeroth-order
reaction rates.
Thus, no significant difference is observed with the model calculations using either reaction order. The
mathematical
model presented can serve as a basis or proper design, up-scaling, and control strategies of trickle-bed
bioreactors.
In English (Author abstract) 21 Refs. EI Order Number: 95042664666
Subjects: Biodegradation; Mathematical models; Industrial waste treatment; Bioreactors; Oxidation;
Biofilms;
Ethanol; Benzene; Oxygen; Reaction kinetics; Chlorine compounds
Identifiers: Polyalkylated benzene; Dichloromethane; Mass balance; Trickle bed bioreactor;
Mineralization
Classification Codes: 802.2
Document Type: JA
Treatment: TX
Record 13
Experimental and modeling study of kinetics and selectivity in the oxidation of a poly($alpha@-olefin)
lubricant
Author(s): Koh, Choon-Seok; Butt, John B.
Corporate Source: Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL, USA
Source: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research v 34 n 2 Feb 1995 ACS Washington DC USA p
524-535
ISSN: 0888-5885 CODEN: IECRED
Publication Year: 1995
Abstract: A major means of lubricant oil degradation is by oxidation in the presence of metal surfaces that
can have
catalytic activity. In this work an experimental and modeling study has been carried out on the oxidation
kinetics and
selectivity of a typical poly($alpha@-olefin) (PAO) lubricant in the presence of both inert (glass) and
active (brass,
steel) surfaces in the temperature range 170-240 $DGR@C. Inhibition of the reaction by zinc dialkyl
dithiophosphate (ZDP) has been investigated. A batch recycling trickle-bed reactor system has been
developed
which provides reliable data on intrinsic chemical kinetics. Reaction rates are a strong function of
temperature, with
products appearing in the order of water, carbon dioxide, aldehydes, ketones, acids, and alcohols in both
gas and
liquid phases. Significant changes in viscosity and molecular weight were observed for T $GRT 200
$DGR@C. A
four-lump (PAO, carbonyl-containing compounds in the liquid phase, gaseous products, and deposits)
kinetic model
has been developed that gives good agreement with experimental results, including oxidation rate
promotion by
metals and inhibition by ZDP. In English (Author abstract) 48 Refs. EI Order Number: 95032625608
Subjects: Lubricants; Reaction kinetics; Catalyst selectivity; Oxidation; Degradation; Surfaces; Catalyst
activity;
Chemical reactors; Viscosity; Molecular weight; Mathematical models; Composition
Identifiers: Poly(alpha olefin) lubricant; Catalytic metal surfaces; Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate; Batch
recycling
trickle bed reactor; Chemical kinetics; Reaction rates
Classification Codes: 607.1
Document Type: JA
Treatment: TX
Record 14
Partial wetting and forced reaction mixture transition in a model trickle-bed reactor
Author(s): Ruzicka, Jiri; Hanika, Jiri
Corporate Source: Czech Acad of Sciences, Czech
Source: Catalysis Today Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Dynamics of Catalytic
Systems Aug
29-Sep 3 1993 v 20 n 3 Aug 19 1994 Prague, Czech Repub Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. Amsterdam
Neth p
467-484 ISSN: 0920-5861 CODEN: CATTEA
Publication Year: 1994
Abstract: The model trickle-bed reactor had a trickle bed simulated as a vertical string of commercial
catalyst
cylindrical pellets. This paved the way for the separation and control of hydrodynamic regime effects to
focus on the
effects of mass and heat transfer and the influence or the model system used. The novel fixation of the
catalyst pellets
was to avoid their intrusion into the pellets which was the drawback of previous experimental
arrangements. In
English 12 Refs. EI Order Number: 94112441235
Subjects: Chemical reactors; Wetting; Catalysts; Mass transfer; Heat transfer; Packed beds; Mathematical
models;
Combustion; Hydrodynamics
Identifiers: Trickle bed reactor; Light off
Classification Codes: 802.1
Document Type: JA
Treatment: X
______________________________________________________________________________________