PROBLEM:

The impulse response of an LTI system is 1 (a) Determine the frequency response H ( j ) of the system. (b) Make a carefully labeled sketch of H ( j ) on the axes below. H ( j )
6

PSfrag replacements

h (t ) = u (t + 1) u (t 1)

(c) Is the LTI system stable? Explain your answer. (d) Is the LTI system causal? Explain your answer.
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

SOLUTION

Chap10: Continuous-time frequency response stusol/f_99/fD_6.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

PROBLEM:

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The input to the LTI system shown below is a periodic signal x (t ) that has a period T0 = 20 seconds. The Fourier series representation for the input x (t ) is 1 k=0 jk 0 t ak e where ak = x (t ) = sin( k /2) k = 0. k = 2 k (a) What is the fundamental frequency 0 of the input signal x (t )? 0 = rad/sec

(b) Suppose that the frequency response of the system is an ideal lowpass lter as illustrated below. H ( j ) = 1
6

1 0

|| < 0.125 || > 0.125

0.125

0.125

Give an equation for the output of the system, y (t ), that is valid for < t < . (Your answer should be expressed in terms of only real quantities). Justify your answer by sketching the spectrum of y (t ) (or its Fourier transform). (c) Draw the spectrum of the output signal superimposed on the plot of H ( j ).
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

SOLUTION

Chap10: Filtering a Periodic Signal stusol/f_01/q3a_5.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

PROBLEM:
x.t /
-

LTI System

y.t /
-

H.j!/, h.t /

The impulse response of the system (above) is h.t / D 4 sin.!co .t .t

1 2/ 1 2 //

and the input to this system is a periodic signal (with period T0 D 1=20 sec.) given by a Fourier series: x.t / D 1 ; 1 C k2
1 X kD 1

ak e j 2f0 k t

where the Fourier coefcients are ak D

k D 0; 1; 2; : : :

(a) Recall how the spectrum is related to the Fourier series, and then plot the spectrum of the input signal, x.t /, over the frequency range 100 < ! < 100 in rad/s. (b) Determine the frequency response H.j!/ of the system as a general formula. Exploit the fact that h.t / and H.j!/ are a Fourier Transform pair. Then, for the case !co D 50 rad/s, plot the magnitude jH.j!/j vs. ! , and the phase H.j!/ vs. ! . Use the frequency range 100 < ! < 100 rad/s. (c) Determine the spectrum of the output signal, y.t /. Make a plot versus ! . This will be easy to do if you overlay the plots from parts (a) and (b) on the same frequency axis. (d) Use your spectrum plot in (c) to determine an equation for y.t /, the output of the LTI system for the given input x.t / when the cutoff frequency is !co D 50 rad/s.
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.

PROBLEM:

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A continuous-time LTI system is dened by the following input/output relation: y (t ) = x (t ) + 2x (t T ) x (t 2T ). (1)

(a) Find the impulse response h (t ) of the system; i.e., determine the output when the input is an impulse. (b) Substitute your answer for h (t ) into the the integral formula H ( j ) =

h (t )e j t dt

to nd the frequency response. Express your answer in the form H ( j ) = R ( j )e j td where R ( j ) is a real function of and td is a real number. (c) Apply the system denition given in Eq. (1) directly to the input x (t ) = e j t for < t < and show that y (t ) = H ( j )e j t , where H ( j ) is as determined in part (b); i.e., just substitute x (t ) = e j t into Eq. (1). (d) Sketch the magnitude | H ( j )| and phase H ( j ) as functions of .
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

SOLUTION

Chap10: Frequency response & impulse response of delay line stusol/sp_02/pset10_2.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chap10: Frequency response & impulse response of delay line stusol/sp_02/pset10_2.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

PROBLEM:

PSfrag replacements

A continuous-time LTI system is dened by the following input/output relation: y (t ) = x (t ) + 0.2x (t 2) + 0.8x (t 6). (1)

(a) Find the impulse response h (t ) of the system; i.e., determine the output when the input is an impulse. (b) Substitute your answer for h (t ) into the the integral formula H ( j ) = to nd the frequency response. (c) Apply the system denition given in Eq. (1) directly to the input x (t ) = e j t for < t < and show that y (t ) = H ( j )e j t , where H ( j ) is as determined in part (b).
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

h (t )e j t dt

SOLUTION

Chap10: Frequency response applied to complex exponential stusol/f_00/pset10_3.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

PROBLEM:

PSfrag replacements

Consider the LTI system below: x (t ) LTI System h (t ) y (t )

-

The input to this system is the periodic pulse wave x (t ) depicted below:
6 x (t )

20
-10 -8 -6 -4 2 -1 0 1 2 4 6 8 10

The input can be represented by the Fourier series x (t ) =

k =

ak e jk 0 t

where ak =

20 sin( k /4) . k

(a) Determine 0 in the Fourier series representation of x (t ). Also, write down the integral that must be evaluated to obtain the Fourier coefcients ak . (b) Plot the spectrum of the signal x (t ); i.e., make a plot showing the a k s plotted at the frequencies k 0 for 40 40 . (c) If the frequency response of the system is an ideal lowpass lter H ( j ) = 1 0 || < c || > c

where c is the cutoff frequency, for what values of c will the output of the system have the form y (t ) = A + B cos(0 t + ) where A and B are nonzero? (d) If the frequency response of the system is the ideal highpass lter H ( j ) = 0 1 || < /8 || > /8

plot the output of the system, y (t ), when the input is x (t ) as plotted above. Hint: First determine what frequency is removed by the lter, and then determine what effect this will have on the waveform. (e) If the frequency response of the LTI system is H ( j ) = 1 e j 4 , plot the output of the system, y (t ), when the input is x (t ) as plotted above. Hint: In this case it will be easiest to determine the impulse response h (t ) corresponding to H ( j ) and from h (t ) you can easily nd an equation that relates y (t ) to x (t ). This will allow you to plot y (t ).
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

SOLUTION

Chap10: Frequency response filters input given as Fourier series stusol/sp_02/pset10_5.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chap10: Frequency response filters input given as Fourier series stusol/sp_02/pset10_5.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

PROBLEM:

PSfrag replacements

Consider the LTI system below: x (t ) LTI System h (t ) y (t )

-

The input to this system is the periodic pulse wave x (t ) depicted below:
6 x (t )

1
-20 -16 -12 -8 4 -2 0 2 4 8 12 16 20

(a) Determine 0 and the coefcients ak in the Fourier series representation of x (t ). x (t ) =

k =

ak e jk 0 t .

Note: Feel free to use known results from the text. (b) Plot the spectrum of the signal x (t ); i.e., make a plot showing the a k s plotted at the frequencies k 0 for 40 40 . (c) If the frequency response of the LTI system is H ( j ) = e j 5 , plot the output of the system, y (t ), when the input is x (t ) as plotted above. (d) If the frequency response of the system is the ideal highpass lter H ( j ) = 0 1 || < /16 || > /16

plot the output of the system, y (t ), when the input is x (t ) as plotted above. (e) If the frequency response of the system is an ideal lowpass lter H ( j ) = 1 0 || < c || > c

where c is the cutoff frequency, for what values of c will the output of the system have the form y (t ) = A + B cos(0 t + ) where A and B are nonzero?
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

SOLUTION

Chap10: Frequency response filters periodic input with Fourier series stusol/f_00/pset10_2.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chap10: Frequency response filters periodic input with Fourier series stusol/f_00/pset10_2.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chap10: Frequency response filters periodic input with Fourier series stusol/f_00/pset10_2.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

PROBLEM: A continuous-time system is dened by the impulse response:

h.t / D d n e dt
bt

o u.t /

(a) Determine a simple expression for the frequency response of this system. (b) Make a plot of the frequency response (magnitude only) when b D 60 . (c) Describe the type of lter in the plot of part (b), e.g., LPF, HPF, BPF, or something else. (d) Find the output y.t / when the input signal is x.t / D 2 C 3 cos.60 t /, and the parameter b is b D 60 .
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.

PROBLEM:

PSfrag replacements

The impulse response of a continuous-time linear time-invariant system is h (t ) = (t ) + 5e5t u (t ). (a) Find the frequency response H ( j ) of the system. Express your answer as a single rational function with powers of ( j ) in the numerator and denominator. (b) Plot the magnitude squared, | H ( j )|2 = H ( j ) H ( j ), versus . Also plot the phase H ( j ) as a function of . (c) At what frequency does the magnitude squared of the frequency response have it largest value? At what frequency is the magnitude-squared of the frequency response equal to one half of its peak value? (This is referred to as the 3dB point of the lter since the frequency response magnitude measured in decibels, 10 log | H ( j )|2 , is 3.01dB smaller at this frequency compared to its peak value when measured in decibels. (d) Suppose that the input to this system is x (t ) = 1 + 2 cos(100t ) + (t 1). Use superposition to nd the output y (t ). Hint: To nd the response of each term, use the easiest method, i.e., impulse response or frequency response.
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

SOLUTION

Chap10: Frequency response from impulse reponse stusol/f_00/pset10_1.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chap10: Frequency response from impulse reponse stusol/f_00/pset10_1.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chap10: Frequency response from impulse reponse stusol/f_00/pset10_1.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

PROBLEM: The impulse response of an LTI system is given by

h.t / D sin.10t / t 3  t  3. Mark

(a) First, make a detailed and accurately labeled sketch of h.t / over the time interval the important amplitudes and time locations of peaks and zero crossings.

(b) Now determine the Fourier transform H.j!/ of this impulse response, which is equivalent to nding the frequency response of the system. Make a detailed plot of jH.j!/j versus ! . Label your plots carefully.
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.

PROBLEM:

PSfrag replacements

A continuous-time linear time-invariant system has impulse response h (t ) = (t ) 10e10t u (t ). (a) Determine the frequency response H ( j ) of the system. Express your answer as a rational function with powers of ( j ) in the numerator and denominator. (b) Plot the magnitude squared, | H ( j )|2 = H ( j ) H ( j ), versus . Likewise, plot the phase H ( j ) as a function of . (c) Use superposition to nd the output due to an input that is the sum of three terms: x (t ) = 100 + 20 cos(10t ) + (t 3). Hint: Use the easiest method (impulse response or frequency response) to nd the output due to each component of the input.
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

SOLUTION

Chap10: Frequency response of continuous-time system stusol/f_99/pset12_2.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chap10: Frequency response of continuous-time system stusol/f_99/pset12_2.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

PROBLEM: A continuous-time system is dened by the impulse response:

h.t / D .t /
bt 1 u.t / 2 be

(a) Determine a simple expression for the frequency response of this system. (b) Make a plot of the frequency response (magnitude only) when b D 10 . (c) Describe the type of lter in the plot of part (b), e.g., LPF, HPF, BPF, or something else. (d) Find the output y.t / when the input signal is x.t / D 10 C 40 cos.90 t /, and the parameter b is b D 10 .
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.

PROBLEM:

PSfrag replacements

A continuous-time LTI system is dened by the following input/output relation: y (t ) = 1 x (t ) + x (t 4) + 1 x (t 8). 2 2 (1)

(a) Determine the impulse response h (t ) of the overall system; i.e., determine the output when the input is an impulse. (b) Substitute your answer for h (t ) into the the integral formula H ( j ) = to obtain the frequency response. (c) Apply the system denition given in Eq. (1) directly to the input x (t ) = e j t for < t < and show that y (t ) = H ( j )e j t , where H ( j ) is as determined in part (b). (d) Sketch the magnitude | H ( j )| and phase H ( j ) as functions of .
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

h (t )e j t dt

SOLUTION

Chap10: Impulse response & Frequency response of LTI system stusol/f_99/pset12_3.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chap10: Impulse response & Frequency response of LTI system stusol/f_99/pset12_3.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

PROBLEM:

PSfrag replacements

The impulse response of a continuous-time linear time-invariant system is h (t ) = (t ) 400e 400t u (t ). (a) Find the frequency response H ( j ) of the system. Express your answer as a single rational function with powers of ( j ) in the numerator and denominator. (b) Plot the magnitude squared, | H ( j )|2 = H ( j ) H ( j ), versus . Also plot the phase H ( j ) as a function of . (c) At what frequency does the magnitude squared of the frequency response have its largest value? At what frequency is the magnitude squared of the frequency response equal to one half of its peak value? (This is referred to as the 3dB point of the lter since the frequency response magnitude measured in decibels, 10 log | H ( j )|2 , is 3.01dB smaller at this frequency compared to its peak value when measured in decibels. (d) Suppose that the input to this system is x (t ) = 5 + 10 cos(200 t ) + (t 0.05). Use superposition to nd the output y (t ). Hint: To nd the response of each term, use the easiest method, i.e., impulse response or frequency response.
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

SOLUTION

Chap10: Magnitude squared of frequency response in rational form stusol/sp_02/pset10_1.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chap10: Magnitude squared of frequency response in rational form stusol/sp_02/pset10_1.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

PROBLEM: Use the CLTIdemo GUI in M ATLAB to solve the following problems:
(a) Find the output y.t / when the input signal is x.t / D 2 C 3 cos.60 t /, and the lter is a First-order Highpass with a cutoff frequency of 30 Hz. (b) Determine the cutoff frequency of a First-order Lowpass lter that will have an output equal to y.t / D 2 C 1:5 cos.60 t C / when the input signal is x.t / D 2 C 3 cos.60 t /. In addition, nd the value of  in the output signal.
McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.

PROBLEM:

PSfrag replacements

A periodic impulse train with period T0 is dened to be the signal x (t ) = (a) Plot this signal for 3T0 t 3T0 . (b) What is the fundamental frequency, 0 if T0 = 10? Use T0 = 10 in all the following parts. (c) Determine the Fourier coefcients ak in the Fourier series representation x (t ) =
k = n =

(t nT0 ).

ak e jk 0 t .

(d) Plot the spectrum of this signal for 40 40 . (e) The periodic impulse train x (t ) is the input to a system with frequency response H ( j ) = e j 4 0 || < co || > co .

Determine the output signal y (t ) if co = / T0 . (f) The periodic impulse train x (t ) is the input to a system with frequency response H ( j ) = e j 4 0 || < co || > co .

Determine the output signal y (t ) if co = 3/ T0 .

McClellan, Schafer and Yoder, Signal Processing First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. c 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

SOLUTION

Chap10: Spectrum from Fourier series of impulse train stusol/f_99/pset12_4.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chap10: Spectrum from Fourier series of impulse train stusol/f_99/pset12_4.pdf

McClellan, Schafer, and Yoder, DSP First, ISBN 0-13-065562-7. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.