EXPERIMENT NO. - 07 AIM:To find the refractive index of transparent bar using diode laser.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:Diode laser with power supply, Bread board/Graduated optical Rail, Transparent bar with mount, etc. THEORY:According to Snells law, N2 = sin i / sin r Where, N2 is the refractive index of transparent medium. Sin i is the angle at which light enters the medium and sin r is the angle at which it gets refracted. PROCEDURE:1) Mount diode laser to the laser mount. 2) Mount transparent bar to its mount. 3) Rotate laser so that beam falls on the transparent bar at an angle shown in the figure. 4) Fine adjust the angle for total internal reflection. 5) Take incident angle of laser beam directly from the dial of the laser mount. 6) Take the required measurements. Note: 1) Sin i can be directly calculated from the angular graduation in the laser mount. 2) Note the readings a and b respectively. 3) Calculate tan from the readings (tan = b/a). 4) Calculate sin from the above value, which is sin r in the Snells law equation. 5) Repeat the experiments for various values of sin i.

OBSERVATIONS:Sl No: sin i sin r N2 = sin i/sin r

RESULTS:Observed total internal reflection and calculated the refractive index of the transparent solid. The refractive index of the transparent solid N2 = _______________ PRECAUTIONS:1) Readings should be taken carefully. 2) Handle the components gently.

EXPERIMENT NO. - 08 AIM:To determine the numerical aperture of aperture of a given optical fiber from the measurement on far field of fiber and acceptance angle. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:Diode laser with power supply, bread board/ graduated optical rail, detector output measurement unit with translation stage, laser fiber coupler, fiber chuck holder, fiber samples, etc. THEORY:Acceptance angle, = a tan (D/Z)

Where, D is the diameter of far field intensity at 5% intensity level of the maximum intensity and Z is the distance between the detector and the fiber output end. The numerical aperture is given by, NA = sin PROCEDURE:1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Mount diode laser to the laser mount. Mount fiber on the laser-fiber coupler. Collimate the laser beam to the fiber. Fine adjustments can be done by tilting the fiber positioner. Fix the output end of fiber to the fiber chuck holder. Place fin-hole detector nearer to the tip of fiber output. Take the necessary measurements. The experiment can be repeated for various values of D by changing the distance Z.

OBSERVATIONS:Sl no. D Z = atan (D/Z) NA = sin

RESULTS:The numerical aperture of the given optical fiber, NA = _______________ PRECAUTIONS:1) Readings should be taken carefully. 2) Handle the components gently.