Katha Sarit Sagara or Ocean of The Streams of StoryVol 1

Kath Sart Sagra
or
Ocean of The Streams of Story (Voume 1)
A huge collection of ancient Indian stories, translated from
Sanskrit.
Ths text s currenty beng prepared for pubcaton n the pubc doman at
Pro|ect Gutenberg Dstrbuted Proofreaders (DP) (www.pgdp.net). The foowng
s the resut after the scannng and frst proofreadng round (P1). Ths s a
temporary workng document, but may be usefu unt the compete
proofreadng and formattng process has been fnshed.
Some dacrtcs are marked n a speca way (see further nfo at the above nk
to DP).
Proofreaders notes are marked as |**note|.
Both w be removed/converted at the end.
Probaby a htm as we as a txt verson w be pubshed n the end, but as
there are ong queues at DP, t may take a whe. Therefore ths temporary text.
NB! After the upoad of ths fe, the program manager of the work at DP, |eroen
Hengman, has pubshed another prevew of the two voumes:
Voume 1:
http://www.gutenberg.ph/prevews/bhatta/KSK1.htm
Voume 2:
http://www.gutenberg.ph/prevews/bhatta/KSK2.htm
Ths prevew s better (concernng e.g. dacrtcs), and w be updated from
tme to tme.
The above nks may not work after the competon of the pro|ect, but then the
work w be avaabe at Pro|ect Gutenberg.
Voume 2 w be upoaded separatey, because there were probems wth
converson, perhaps because the fe grew too bg.
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THE
KATH|'A| SARIT S|'A|GARA
OR
OCEAN OF THE STREAMS OF STORY
TRANSLATED FROM THE
ORIGINAL SANSKRIT
BY
C. H. TAWNEY, M. A.
VOLUME I.
CALCUTTA:
PRINTED BY |. W. THOMAS, AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS.
1880.
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CONTENTS OF VOLUME I.
BOOK I.
Page
CHAPTER I.
Introducton, ... 1--5
Curse of Pushpadanta and M|'a|yav|'a|n, ... 4--5
CHAPTER II.
Story of Pushpadanta when vng on the earth as Vararuch ... 5--10
How K|'a||n.|abh|'u|t became a P|'s||'a|cha, ... 6--7
Story of Vararuch's teacher Varsha, and hs feow-pups Vy|'a||d.| and
Indradatta, ... 7--10
CHAPTER III.
Contnuaton of the story of Vararuch, ... 11--16
Story of the foundng of the cty of P|'a||t.|aputra, ... 11--16
Story of kng Brahmadatta, ... 12--13
CHAPTER IV.
Contnuaton of the story of Vararuch, ... 16--23
Story of Upako|'s||'a| and her four overs, ... 17--20
CHAPTER V.
Concuson of the story of Vararuch, ... 23--31
Story of |'S|va|'s|arman, ... 27--28
CHAPTER VI.
Story of M|'a|yav|'a|n when vng on the earth as Gun|'a||d.|hya, ... 32--40
Story of the Mouse-merchant, ... 33--34
Story of the chanter of the S|'a|ma Veda, ... 34--35
Story of S|'a|tav|'a|hana, ... 36--37
CHAPTER VII.
Contnuaton of the story of Gun|'a||d.|hya, ... 41--47
How Pushpadanta got hs name, ... 43--46
Story of kng |'S|v, ... 45--46
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Page
CHAPTER VIII.
Contnuaton of the story of Gun|'a||d.|hya, ... 47--49
Sva's|**P1:|'S|va's| taes, orgnay composed by Gun|'a||d.|hya n the
Pa|'s||'a|cha anguage,
are made known n Sanskrt under the tte of V|r.|hat Kath|'a|, ... 49
BOOK II.
CHAPTER IX.
Story of the ancestors and parents of Udayana|**P1:,| kng of Vatsa, ... 52--56
CHAPTER X.
Contnuaton of the story of Udayana's parents, ... 56--67
Story of |'S|r|'|datta and M|r.|g|'a|nkavat|'|, ... 56--66
Udayana succeeds to the kngdom of Vatsa, ... 67
CHAPTER XI.
Contnuaton of the story of Udayana, ... 67--71
Story of kng Cha|n.||d.|amah|'a|sena, ... 69--71
CHAPTER XII.
Story of R|'u|p|n.|k|'a|, ... 76--82
CHAPTER XIII.
Story of Devasmt|'a|, ... 85--92
Story of the cunnng Sddhkar|'|, ... 87--88
Story of |'S|aktmat|'|, ... 91--92
CHAPTER XIV.
Story of the cever deformed chd, ... 96
Story of Ruru, ... 97--98
BOOK III.
CHAPTER XV.
Story of the cever physcan, ... 101--102
Story of the hypocrtca ascetc, ... 102--104
Story of Unm|'a|dn|'|, ... 104--105
Story of the ovng coupe who ded of separaton, ... 105--106
Story of Pu|n.|yasena, ... 106
Story of Sunda and Upasunda, ... 108
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Page
CHAPTER XVI.
Contnuaton of the story of Udayana, ... ... ... 109-115
Story of Kunt, ... ... ... ... ... 110-111
CHAPTER XVII.
Story of Urva|/s|, ... ... ... ... ... 115-117
Story of Vhtasena, ... ... ... ... ... 117
Story of Somaprabh, ... ... ... ... ... 118-122
Story of Ahay, ... ... ... ... ... 122-123
CHAPTER XVIII.
Story of Vdshaka, ... ... ... ... ... 128-144
CHAPTER XIX.
Contnuaton of the story of Udayana, ... ... ... 1-15--152
Story of Devadsa, ... ... ... ... ... 146--147
CHAPTER XX.
Story of Phaabht, ... ... ... ... ... 152-163
Story of Kuvaayva and the wtch Kartr,... ... ... 155-158
Story of the brth of Krtkeya, ... ... ... ... 155-157
Story of Sundaraka and Kartr, ... ... ... ... 158-161
BOOK IV.
CHAPTER XXI.
Story of P|n.||d.|u, ... ... ... ... ... 166
Story of Devadatta, ... ... ... ... ... 168-170
Story of Pngak, ... ... ... ... ... 170-171
CHAPTER XXII.
Story of |mtavhana, ... ... ... ... ... 174-186
Story of |mtavhana's adventures n a former fe, ... ... 170-181
Story of Kadr and Vnat, ... ... ... ... 182-183
CHAPTER XXIII.
Story of Snhaparkrama,.. ... ... ... 188
Brth of Udayana'a son Naravhanadatta, ... ... 189
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Page
BOOK V.
CHAPTER XXIV.
Contnuaton of the story of Udayana and hs son, ... 193--204
Story of |'S|aktvega|**P1:,| kng of the Vdy|'a|dharas, ... 194--204
Story of |'S|va and M|'a|dhava, ... 197--202
Story of Harasv|'a|mn, ... 203--204
CHAPTER XXV.
Contnuaton of the story of |'S|aktvega, ... 205--219
Story of A|'s|okadatta and V|ayadatta, ... 208--219
CHAPTER XXVI.
Concuson of the story of |'S|aktvega, ... 220--233
Story of Devadatta, ... 229-231
Contnuaton of the story of Udayana and hs son, ... 233
BOOK VI.
CHAPTER XXVII.
Story of Kangadatta, kng of Taksha|'s||'a|, ... 235--246
Story of the merchant's son n Taksha|'s||'a|, ... 236-238
Story of the Apsaras Surabhdatt|'a|, ... 238--239
Story of kng Dharmadatta and hs wfe N|'a|ga|'s|r|'|, ... 239--240
Story of the seven Br|'a|hmans who devoured a cow n tme of famne, ... 241
Story of the two ascetcs, the one a Br|'a|hman, the other a Cha|n.||d.||'a|a, ...
241-242
Story of kng Vkramasnha and the two Br|'a|hmans, ... 242--246
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Contnuaton of the story of Kangadatta, ... 246--257
Brth of hs daughter Kangasen|'a|, ... 246
Story of the seven prncesses, ... 247--249
Story of the prnce who tore out hs own eye, ... 247--248
Story of the ascetc who conquered anger, ... 248-249
Story of Suochan|'a| and Sushena, ... 249--252
Story of the prnce and the merchant's son who saved hs fe, ... 253--255
Story of the Brahman and the P|'s||'a|cha, ... 255--256
CHAPTER XXIX.
Story of K|'|rtsen|'a| and her crue mother-n-aw, ... 260--267
CHAPTER XXX.
Story of Te|asvat|'|, ... 270--271
Story of the Br|'a|hman Har|'s|arman, ... 272--274
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Page
CHAPTER XXXI.
Concuson of the story of Kangadatta, ... 276--278
Story of Ush|'a| and Anruddha, ... 276--277
Kangasen|'a||**P1:,| daughter of Kangadatta|**P1:,| escapes to Vatsa, ... 278
CHAPTER XXXII.
Story of the Br|'a|hman's son Vsh|n.|udatta and hs seven foosh eompanons,
... 283--285
Story of Kada|'|garbh|'a|, ... 286--290
Story of the kng and the barber's wfe, ... 288--289
CHAPTER XXXIII.
Story of |'S|rutasena, ... 292--295
Story of the three Br|'a|hman brothers, ... 293
Story of Devasena and Unm|'a|dn|'|, ... 294
Story of the chneumon, the ow, the cat and the mouse, ... 296--298
Story of kng Prasena|t and the Br|'a|hman who ost hs treasure, ... 298--299
CHAPTER XXXIV.
Story of kng Indradatta, ... 303
Story of the Yaksha Vr|'u|p|'a|ksha, ... 306--307
Story of |'S|atrughna and hs wcked wfe, ... 312
Story of kng |'S||'u|rasena and hs mnsters, ... 313--314
Story of kng Harsnha, ... 314
BOOK VII.
CHAPTER XXXV.
Story of Ratnaprabh|'a|, ... 320--226|**P1:326|
Story of Sattva|'s||'|a and the two treasures, .... 321--322
Story of the brave kng Vkramatunga, ... 322--323
CHAPTER XXXVI.
Story of kng Ratn|'a|dhpat and the whte eephant |'S|vetara|'s|m, ... 328--
334
Story of Yavanasena, ... 331--332
CHAPTER XXXVII.
Contnuaton of the story of Udayana and hs son, ... 334-346
Story of N|'s|chayadatta, ... 334--346
Story of Somasv|'a|mn, ... 339--341
Story of Bhava|'s|arman, ... 342--343
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Page
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
Story of kng Vkram|'a|dtya and the hetra, ... 347--354
Story of kng Vkram|'a|dtya and the treacherous mendcant, ... 349--350
CHAPTER XXXIX.
Story of |'S||r.|ngabhu|a and the daughter of the R|'a|kshasa, ... 355--367
CHAPTER XL.
Story of Tapodatta, ... 370
Story of Vr|'u|pa|'s|arman, ... 371
Story of kng V|'a|sa|'s||'|a and the physcan Taru|n.|achandra, ... 372--375
CHAPTER XLI.
Story of kng Chr|'a|yus and hs mnster N|'a|g|'a|r|una, ... 376--378
CHAPTER XLII.
Contnuaton of the story of Udayana and hs son, ... 379-390
Story of kng Party|'a|gasena, hs wcked wfe, and hs two sons, ... 381--389
CHAPTER XLIII.
Story of the two brothers Pr|'a||n.|adhara and R|'a||yadhara, ... 391--393
Story of Arthaobha and hs beautfu wfe, ... 393--396
Story of the prncess Karp|'u|rk|'a| n her brth as a swan, ... 397--398
BOOK VIII.
CHAPTER XLIV.
Story of S|'u|ryaprabha, ... 406--414
CHAPTER XLV.
Contnuaton of the story of S|'u|ryaprabha, ... 414--434
Story of the Br|'a|hman K|'a|a, ... 418--419
CHAPTER XLVI.
Story of the generous D|'a|nava Namuch, ... 444-446
CHAPTER XLVII.
CHAPTER XLVIII.
Adventure of the wtch |'S|arabh|'a|nan|'a|, ... 458
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Page
CHAPTER XLIX.
Story of kng Mah|'a|sena and hs vrtuous mnstor Gu|n.|a|'s|arman, ... 459--
471
CHAPTER L.
Concuson of the story of S|'u|ryaprabha, ... 472--481
Contnuaton of the story of Udayana and hs son, ... 481
BOOK IX.
CHAPTER LI.
Story of Aank|'a|ravat|'|, ... 484--485
Story of R|'a|ma and S|'|t|'a|, ... 486--488
Story of the handsome kng P|r.|thv|'|r|'u|pa, ... 489--492
CHAPTER LII.
Story of A|'s|okam|'a||'a|, ... 496--498
Story of Sth|'u|abhu|a, ... 497--498
Story of Anangarat and her four sutors, ... 498--514
Story of Anangarat n a former brth, ... 502--503
CHAPTER LIII.
Story of kng Lakshadatta and hs dependent Labdhadatta, ... 515--518
Story of the Br|'a|hman V|'|ravara, ... 519--524
Story of Suprabha, ... 520--521
CHAPTER LIV.
Story of the merchant Samudra|'s||'u|ra,... 529--531
Story of kng Chamarab|'a|a, ... 532--536
Story of Ya|'s|ovarman and the two fortunes, ... 532--535
CHAPTER LV.
Story of Chr|'a|dat|r.|, ... 537--538
Story of kng Kanakavarsha and Madanasundar|'|, ... 538--549
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Page
CHAPTER LVI.
Story of the Br|'a|hman Chandrasv|'a|mn, hs son Mah|'|p|'a|a, and hs
daughter Chandravat|'|, ... 549--569
Story of Chakra, ... 554-556
Story of the hermt and the fathfu wfe, ... 556-557
Story of Dharmavy|'a|dha|**P1:,| the rghteous seer of fesh, ... 557
Story of the treacherous P|'a||'s|upata ascetc, ... 558--559
Story of kng Trbhuvana, ... 558--559
Story of Naa and Damayant|'|, ... 559--568
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ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA
To Fasccuus I.
Page 1, ne 6, for "Part I" read "Book I, caed Kath|'a|p|'||t.|ha."
Page 14, add to footnote.--"See aso Raston's Russan Fok-Taes, p. 230 and
Veckenstedt's
Wendsche Sagen, p. 152."
Page 20, add to footnote.--"Genera Cunnngham s of opnon that the
dnoument|**P1:dnouement|
of ths story s represented n one of the Bharhut Scuptures; see hs Stpa of
Bharhut, p. 53."
Page 27, 3rd ne, from the bottom of the page, add to footnote.--"The reader
w
fnd smar questonng demons descrbed n Veckenstedt's Wendsche Sagen,
pp. 54--56, and 109."
Page 40, add to footnote.--"See aso the 60th Tae n Gonzenbach's Scansche
Mrchen, Vo. II, p. 17.
Page 58, add as a note to the story of the guardan on. "Ths ncdent may be
compared wth one descrbed n Weckenstedt's|**P1:Veckenstedt's| Wendsche
Sagen, p. 82.
Page 70, add to footnote at the bottom of the page--"Cp. aso Veckenstedt's
Wendsche
Sagen, p. 72."
Page 77, add to the second footnote--"Cp. aso Veckenstedt's Wendsche Sagen,
p. 124."
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TRANSLATION
OF THE
KATHA SARIT SAGARA
OR
OCEAN OF THE STREAMS OF STORY.
PART I.
CHAPTER I.
May the dark neck of S'va, whch the god of ove has, so to speak,
surrounded wth nooses n the form of the aurng ooks of Prvat recnng
on hs bosom, assgn to you prosperty.
May that vctor of obstaces,|*| who after sweepng away the stars wth
hs trunk n the derous |oy of the evenng dance, seems to create others
wth the spray ssung from hs hssng|*| mouth, protect you.
After worshppng the goddess of Speech, the amp that umnates
countess ob|ects,|*| I compose ths coecton whch contans the pth of the
Vrhat-Kath.
The frst book n my coecton s caed Kathptha, then comes
Kathmukha, then the thrd book named Lvnaka, then foows
Naravhanadatta|anana,
and then the book caed Chaturdrk, and then Madanamanchuk,
then the seventh book named Ratnaprabh, and then the eghth
book named Sryaprabh, then Aankravat, then S'aktyaas, and then
the eeventh book caed Ve, then comes S'asnkavat, and then Madrvat,
then comes the book caed Pancha foowed by Mahbhsheka,
and then S'urataman|ar, then Padmvat, and then w foow the
eghteenth book Vshamasa.
* Dr. Broekhaus expans ths of Ganesa, he s probaby assocated wth Sva n
the dance. So the poet nvokes two gods, S'va and Ganesa, and one goddess
Sarasvat,
the goddess of speech and earnng.
* S'tkra a sound made by drawng n the breath, expressve of peasure.
* There s a doube meanng: padrtha aso means words and ther meanngs.
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Ths book s precsey on the mode of that from whch t s taken
there s not even the sghtest devaton, ony such anguage s seeeted as
tends to abrdge the proxty of the work; the observance of proprety
and natura connexon, and the |onng together of the portons of the
poem so as not to nterfere wth the sprt of the stores, are as far as
possbe kept n vew: I have not made ths attempt through desre of a
reputaton for ngenuty, but n order to factate the reeoeeton of a
muttude of varous taes.
There s a mountan ceebrated under the name of Hmavat, haunted
by Knnaras, Gandharvas, and Vdydharas, a very monarch of mghty
hs, whose gory has attaned such an emnence among mountans that
Bhavn the mother of the three words degned to become hs daughter;
the northernmost summt thereof s a great peak named Kasa, whch
towers many thousand <>yo|anas</> n the ar,* and as t were, aughs forth
wth ts snowy geams ths boast-- "Mount Mandara|*| dd not become
whte as mortar even when the oeean was churned wth t, but I have
become such wthout an effort." There dwes Mahesvara the beoved of
Prvat, the chef of thngs anmate and nanmate, attended upon by
Ganas, Vdydharas and Sddhas. In the upstandng yeow tufts of hs
matted har, the new moon en|oys the deght of touchng the eastern
mountan yeow n the evenng twght. When he drove hs trdent nto
the heart of Andhaka, the kng of the Asuras, though he was ony one, the
dart whch that monarch had nfxed n the heart of the three words was,
strange to say, extracted. The mage of hs toe-nas beng refected n
the crest-|ewes of the gods and Asuras made them seem as f they had been
presented wth haf moons by hs favour.|*| Once on a tme that ord, the
husband of Prvat, was gratfed wth prases by hs wfe, havng ganed
confdence as she sat n secret wth hm; the moon-erested one attentve
to her prase and deghted, paced her on hs ap, and sad, "What can I do
to pease thee?" Then the daughter of the mountan spake-- "My ord, f
thou art satsfed wth me, then te me some deghtfu story that s qute
new." And S'va sad to her, "What can there be n the word, my beoved,
present, past, or future that thou dost not know?" Then that goddess, beoved
of S'va, mportuned hm eagery because she was proud n sou on
aeeount of hs affecton.
Then S'va wshng to fatter her, began by teng her a very short
story, referrng to her own dvne power.
* Possby the meanng s that tho mountan covers many thousand
<>yo|anas</>.
* Ths mountan served the gods and Asuras as a churnng stck at the churnng
of the ocean for tho recovery of tho Amrta and fourteen other precous thngs
ost
durng the deugo.
* S'va hmsef wears a moon's crescent.
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"Once on a tme|*| Brahm and Nryana roamng through the word
n order to behod me, came to the foot of Hmavat. Then they behed
there n front of them a great fame-nga;|*| n order to dscover the
end of t, one of them went up, and the other down; and when they coud
not fnd the end of t, they proceeded to proptate me by means of austertes:
and I appeared to them and bade them ask for some boon: hearng
that Brahma asked me to become hs son; on that account he has ceased
to be worthy of worshp, dsgraced by hs overweenng presumpton.
"Then that god Nryana craved a boon of me, sayng--Oh revered
one, may I become devoted to thy servce! Then he became ncarnate, and
was born as mne n thy form; for thou art the same as Nryana, the
power of me a-powerfu.
"Moreover tbou wast my wfe n a former brth." When S'va had
thus spoken, Prvat asked, "How can I have been thy wfe n a former
brth?" Then S'va answered her. "Long ago to the Pra|pat Daksha were
born many daughters, and amongst them thou, O goddess! He gave thee n
marrage to me, and the others to Dharma and the rest of the gods. Once
on a tme he nvted a hs sons-n-aw to a sacrfce. But I aone was not
ncuded n the nvtaton; thereupon thou ddst ask hm to te thee why
thy husband was not nvted. Then he uttered a speech whch perced thy
ears ke a posoned neede; 'Thy husband wears a neckace of skus;
how can he be nvted to a sacrfce?'
"And then thou, my beoved, ddst n anger abandon thy body, excamng,--'
Ths father of mne s a van; what proft have I then n ths
carcase sprung from hm?'
"And thereupon n wrath I destroyed that sacrfce of Daksha. Then
thou wast born as the daughter of the mount of snow, as the moon's dgt
sprngs from the sea. Then reca how I came to the Hmaya n order
to perform austertes; and thy father ordered thee to do me servce as hs
guest: and there the god of ove who had been sent by the gods n order
that they mght obtan from me a son to oppose Taraka, was consumed, |
when endeavourng to perce me, havng obtaned a favourabe opportunty.
Then I was purchased by thee,|*| the endurng one, wth severe austertes,
and I accepted ths proposa of thne, my beoved, n order that I mght
add ths mert to my stock.|*| Thus t s cear that thou wast my wfe n
* The Sanskrt word Ast meanng "thus t s" s a common ntroducton to a tae.
* The nga or phaus s a favourte embem of S'va. Fame s one of hs eght
tanus or forms.
* He was burnt up by the fre of S'va's eye.
* Compare Kumra Sambhava Sarga V, ne 86.
* Readng tatsanchayya as one word. Dr. Brochaus omts the ne. Professor
E. B. Cowe woud read pryam for prye.
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a former brth. What ese sha I te thee?" Thus S'va spake, and when
he had ceased, the goddess transported wth wrath, excamed,-- "Thou art
a decever; thou wt not te me a peasng tae even though I ask thee:
Do I not know that thou worshppest Sandhy, and bearest Gang on thy
head?" Hearng that, S'va proceeded to concate her and promsed to
te her a wonderfu tae: then she dsmssed her anger. She hersef gave
the order that no one was to enter where they were; Nandn|*| thereupon
kept the door, and S'va began to speak.
"The gods are supremey bessed, men are ever mserabe, the actons
of demgods are exceedngy charmng, therefore I now proceed to reate
to thee the hstory of the Vdydharas." Whe S'va was thus speakng
to hs consort, there arrved a favourte dependant of S'va's, Pushpadanta,
best of Ganas,|*| and hs entrance was forbdden by Xandn who was guardng
the door. Curous to know why even he had been forbdden to enter
at that tme wthout any apparent reason, Pushpadanta mmedatey entered,
makng use of hs magc power attaned by devoton to prevent hs
beng seen, and when he had thus entered, he heard a the extraordnary
and wonderfu adventures of the seven Vdydharas beng narrated by the
trdent-bearng god, and havng heard them he n turn went and narrated
them to hs wfe |ay; for who can hde weath or a secret from women?
|ay the doorkeeper beng fed wth wonder went and rected c n the
presence of Prvat. How can women be expected to restran ther speech?
And then the daughter of the mountan few nto a passon, and sad to her
husband, "Thou ddst not te me any extraordnary tae, for |ay knows
t aso." Then the ord of Um, percevng the truth by profound medtaton,
thus spake: "Pushpadanta empoyng the mage power of devoton
entered n where we were, and thus managed to hear t. He narrated t
to |ay; no one ese knows t, my beoved."
Havng heard ths, the goddess exceedngy enraged caused Pushpadanta
to be summoned, and cursed hm, as he stood trembng before her,
sayng, " Become a morta thou dsobedent servant."|*| She cursed aso
the Gana Myavn who presumed to ntercede on hs behaf. Then the
two fe at her feet together wth |ay and entreated her to say when the
curse woud end, and the wfe of S'va sowy uttered ths speech-- "A
Yaksha named Supratka who has been made a Pscha by the curse of
Kuvera s resdng n tho Vndhya forest under the name of Kanbht.
When thou shat see hm and, cang to mnd thy orgn, te hm ths
tae, then, Pushpadanta, thou shat be reeased from ths curse. And
* One of S'va's favourte attendants.
* Attendants of S'va, presded over by Ganesa.
* For the atvnta of Dr. Brockhaus's text I read avnta.
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when Myavn sha hear ths tae from Knabht, then Knabht sha
be reeased, and thou, Myavn, when thou hast pubshed t abroad, shat
be free aso." Havng thus spoken tho daughter of the mountan ceased,
and mmedatey those Ganas dsappeared nstantaneousy ke fashes of
ghtnng. Then t came to pass n the course of tme that Gaur fu of
pty asked S'va, "My ord, where on the earth have those exceent Pramathas*
whom I cursed, been born?" And the moon-dademed god answered:
"My beoved, Pushpadanta has been born under the name of Yararuch
n that great cty whch s caed Kausmb.|*| Moreover Myavn aso
has been born n the spendd cty caed Supratshthta under the name of
Gundhya. Ths, O goddess, s what has befaen them." Havng gven
her ths nformaton wth gref caused by recang to mnd the degradaton
of the servants that had aways been obedent to hm, that ord contnued
to dwe wth hs beoved n peasure-arbours on the sopes of mount
Kaasa, whch were made of the branches of the Kapa tree.|*|
CHAPTER II.
Then Pushpadanta wanderng on the earth n the form of a man, wa3
known by the name of Vararuch and Ktyyana. Havng attaned perfecton
n the scences, and havng served Nanda as mnster, beng weared
out he went once on a tme to vst the shrne of Durg.|*| And that goddess,
beng peased wth hs austertes, ordered hm n a dream to repar
to the wds of the Vndhya to behod Knabht. And as he wandered
about there n a wateress and savage wood,|*| fu of tgers and apes, he
behed a ofty Nyagrodha tree.|*| And near t he saw, surrounded by hundreds
of Psehas, that Pseha Knabht, n stature ke a S'a tree.
* Pramatha, an attendant on S'va.
* Kausmb succeeded Hastnpur as the capta of the emperors of Inda. Its
precse sto has not been ascertaned, but t was probaby somewhere n tho
Doab, or
at any rate not far from tho west bank of tho Yamun, as t bordered upon
Magadha and
was not far from tho Vndhya hs. It s sad that there are runs at Kar or
Karr
about 14 mes from Aahbd on the western road, whch may ndcate tho
ste of
Kausmb. It s possbe aso that tho mounds of rubbsh about Karrah may
concea
some vestges of to ancent capta--a crcumstance rendered more probabe by
tho
nscrpton found there, whch specfes Kata as comprsed wthn Kausmba
mandaa
or the dstrct of Kausmb. |Note n "Wson's Essays, p. 163.|
|*| A tree of Indra's Paradse that grants a desres.
|*| More teray, the goddess that dwes n tho Vndhya hs. Her shrne s near
Mrzapur.
|*| Dr. Brockhaus makes parusha a proper name.
|*| Fcus Indca.
-----Fe: 018.png---------------------------------------------------------
When K|n.|abht had seen hm and respectfuy casped hs feet, Ktyyana
sttng down mmedatey spake to hm. "Thou art an observer of
the good custom,|**P1:;| how hast thou come nto ths state?" Havng heard
ths
K|n.|abht sad to Ktyyana, who had shewn affecton towards hm, I
know not of mysef, but sten to what I heard from Sva|**P1:|'S|va| at U||ayn
n
the pace where corpses are burnt; I proceed to te t thee. Tbe adorabe
god was asked by Durg--"Whence, my ord, comes thy deght n skus
and burnng-paces?" He thereupon gave ths answer.
"Long ago when a thngs had been destroyed at the end of a Kapa,
the unverse became water: I then ceft my thgh and et fa a drop of
bood; that drop fang nto the water turned nto an egg, from that
sprang the Supreme Sou,|*| the Dsposer; from hm proceeded Nature,|*|
created by me for the purpose of further creaton, and they created the
other ords of created bengs,|*| and those n turn the created bengs, for
whch reason, my beoved, the Supreme Sou s caed n the word the
grandfather. Havng thus created the word, anmate and nanmate, that
Sprt became arrogant:|*| thereupon I cut off hs head: then through
regret for what I bad done, I undertook a dffcut vow. So thus t comes
to pass that I carry skus n my hand, and ove the paces where corpses
are burned. Moreover ths word resembng a sku, rests n my hand;
for the two sku-shaped haves of the egg before mentoned are caed
heaven and earth." When |'S|va had thus spoken, I, beng fu of curosty,
determned to sten; and Prvat agan sad to her husband, "After how
ong a tme w that Pushpadanta return to us?" Hearng that, Mahe|'s|vara
spoke to the goddess, pontng me out to her; "That P|'s|cha whom
thou behodest there, was once a Yaksha, a servant of Kuvera, the god of
weath, and he had for a frend a Rkshasa named Stha|'s|ras; and the
ord of weath percevng that he assocated wth that ev one, banshed
hm to the wds of the Vndhya mountans. But hs brother Drgha|angha
fe at the feet of the god, and humby asked when the curse woud end.
Then the god of weath sad--"After thy brother has heard the great tae
from Pushpadanta, who has been born nto ths word n consequence of a
curse, and after be has n turn tod t to Myavn, who owng to a curse
has become a human beng, he together wth those two Ga|n.|as sha be
reeased from the effects of the curse." Such were the terms on whch tbe
god of weath then ordaned that Myavn shoud obtan remsson from
hs curse here beow, and thou ddst fx the same n the case of Pushpadan-*
* Pumn = Purusha, the sprt.
* Prak|r.|t, the orgna source or rather passve power of creatng the matera
word.
* Pra|pat.
* The sprt was of course Brahm whose head |'S|va cut off.
-----Fe: 019.png---------------------------------------------------------
*ta; reca t to mnd, my beoved." When I heard that speech of |'S|va, I
came here over|oyed, knowng that the caamty of my curse woud be
termnated by the arrva of Pushpadanta. When K|n.|abht ceased after
teng ths story, that moment Vararuch remembered hs orgn, and
excamed ke one aroused from seep, "I am that very Pushpadanta; hear
that tae from me." Thereupon Ktyyana reated to hm the seven great
taes n seven hundred thousand verses, and then K|n.|abht sad to hm--"My
ord, thou art an ncarnaton of |'S|va; who ese knows ths story?
Through thy favour that curse has amost eft my body. Therefore te me
thy own hstory from thy brth, thou mghty one, sanctfy me yet further,
f the narratve may be reveaed to such a one as I am." Then Vararuch,
to gratfy K|n.|abht, who remaned prostrate before hm, tod a hs hstory
from hs brth at fu ength, n the foowng words:
Story of Vraruch, hs teacher Varsha,
and hs feow-pups Vy|d.| and Indradatta.
In the cty of Kau|'s|.mb there
ved a Brhman caed Somadatta,
who aso had the tte of Agn|'s|kha, and hs wfe was caed Vasudatta.
She was the daughter of a hermt, and was born nto the word n ths poston
n consequence of a curse; and I was born by her to ths exceent Brhman,
aso n consequence of a curse. Now whe I was st qute a chd
my father ded, but my mother contnued to support me, as I grew up, by
severe drudgery; then one day two Brhmans came to our house to stop
a nght, exceedngy dusty wth a ong |ourney; and whe they were stayng
n our house there arose the nose of a tabor; thereupon my mother
sad to me, sobbng, as she caed to mnd her husband--"there, my son, s
your father's frend Bhavananda, gvng a dramatc entertanment." I answered,
"I w go and see t, and w exhbt the whoe of t to you, wth
a rectaton of a the speeches." On hearng that speech of mne, those
Brhmans were astonshed, but my mother sad to them--"Come, my
chdren, there s no doubt about the truth of what he says; ths boy w
remember by heart everythng that he has heard once." Then they, n
order to test me, rected to me a Prt|'s|khya;|*| mmedatey I repeated the
whoe n ther presence, then I went wth the two Brhmans and saw that
pay, and when I came home, I went through the whoe of t n front of
my mother: then one of the Brahmans, named Vy|d.|, havng ascertaned
that I was abe to recoect a thng on hearng t once, tod wth submssve
reverence ths tae to my mother.
Mother, n the cty of Vetasa there were two Brhman brothers, Deva-Swmn
and Karambaka, who oved one another very deary; ths Indradatta
here s the son of one of them, and I am the son of the other, and my name
* A grammatca treatse on the rues reguatng the euphonc combnaton of
etters and ther pronuncaton pecuar to one of the dfferent |'S|khs or
branches of
the Vedas.--M. W. s. v.
-----Fe: 020.png---------------------------------------------------------
s Vy|d.|. It came to pass that my father ded. Owng to gref for hs
oss, the father of Indradatta went on the ong |ourney,|*| and then the
hearts of our two mothers broke wth gref; thereupon beng orphans
though we had weath,|*| and, desrng to acqure earnng, we went to the
southern regon to suppcate the ord Krtkeya. And whe we were engaged
n austertes there, the god gave us the foowng reveaton n a dream.
"There s a cty caed P|t.|aputra, the capta of kng Nanda, and n t
there s a Brhman, named Varsha; from hm ye sha earn a knowedge;
therefore go there." Then we went to that cty, and when we made enqures
there, peope sad to us: "There s a bockhead of a Brhman n
ths town, of the name of Varsha." Immedatey we went on wth mnds
n a state of suspense, and saw the house of Varsha n a mserabe condton,
made a very ant-h by mce, dapdated by the crackng of the was,
untdy,|*| deprved of eaves, ookng ke the very brth-pace of msery.
Then, seeng Varsha punged n medtaton wthn the house, we approached
hs wfe, who shewed us a proper hosptaty; her body was
emacated and begrmed, her dress tattered and drty; she ooked ke the
ncarnaton of poverty, attracted thther by admraton for the Brhman's
vrtues. Bendng humby before her, we then tod her our crcumstances,
and the report of her husband's mbecty, whch we heard n the cty.
She excamed--"My chdren, I am not ashamed to te you the truth;
sten! I w reate the whoe story," and then she, chaste ady, proceeded
to te us the tae whch foows:
There ved n ths cty an exceent Brahman, named |'S|ankara Svmn,
and he had two sons, my husband Varsha, and Upavarsha; my husband
was stupd and poor, and hs younger brother was |ust the opposte: and
Upavarsha apponted hs own wfe to manage hs eder brother's house.|*|
Then n the course of tme, the rany season came on, and at ths tme the
women are n the habt of makng a cake of four mxed wth moasses, of an
unbecomng and dsgustng shape,|*| and gvng t to any Brhman who s
thought to be a bockhead, and f they act thus, ths cake s sad to remove
ther dscomfort caused by bathng n the cod season, and ther exhauston|*|
* . e., ded.
* Here we have a pun whch t s mpossbe to render n Engsh. Antha
means wthout natura protectors and aso poor.
* Takng chhy n the sense of |'s|obh. It mght mean "affordng no sheter to
the nmates."
* Dr. Brockhaus transates the ne--Von desem wurde ch menem Manne
vermht,
um senem Hauswesen vorzustehen.
* Lke the Roman fascnum. guhya = phaus.
* I read tat for th accordng to a con|ecture of Professor E. B. Cowe's. He
nforms me on the authorty of Dr. Rost that the ony varants are s for t|h.|
and
-----Fe: 021.png---------------------------------------------------------
caused by bathng n the hot weather; but when t s gven, Brhmans
refuse to receve t, on the ground that the custom s a dsgustng one.
Ths cake was presented by my sster-n-aw to my husband, together wth
a sacrfca fee; he receved t, and brought t home wth hm, and got a
severe scodng from me; then he began to be nwardy consumed wth
gref at hs own stupdty, and went to worshp the soe of the foot of the
god Krtkeya: the god, peased wth hs austertes, bestowed on hm the
knowedge of a the scences; and gave hm ths order--"When thou
fndest a Brhman who can recoect what he has heard ony once, then
thou mayest revea these"--thereupon my husband returned home deghted,
and when he had reached home, tod the whoe story to me. From that
tme forth, he has remaned contnuay mutterng prayers and medtatng:
so fnd you some one who can remember anythng after hearng t once, and
brng hm here: f you do that, you w both of you undoubtedy obtan
a that you desre.
Havng heard ths from the wfe of Varsha, and havng mmedatey
gven her a hundred god peces to reeve her poverty, we went out of that
cty; then we wandered through the earth, and coud not fnd anywhere a
person who coud remember what he had ony heard once: at ast we
arrved tred out at your house to-day, and have found here ths boy, your
son, who can recoect anythng after once hearng t: therefore gve hm
us and et us go forth to acqure the commodty knowedge.
Havng heard ths speech of Vy|d.|, my mother sad wth respect, "A
ths taes competey; I repose confdence n your tae: for ong ago at
the brth of ths my ony son, a dstnct sprtua|*| voce was heard from
yosht for yoshta|h.|. Dr. Rost woud take evamkrte as the datve of evamkrt.
If th
be retaned t may be taken as a repetton "havng thus prepared t, I say, the
women
gve t." Professor Cowe woud transate (f t|h.| be retaned) "the women
then do
not need to receve anythng to reeve ther fatgue durng the cod and hot
weather."
Professor E. B. Cowe has referred me to an artce by Dr. Lebrecht n the
Zetschrft
der Morgenndschen Geseschaft.
He connects the custom wth that of the |ewsh women mentoned n |eremah
VII. 18, "The women knead ther dough to make cakes to the queen of heaven,"
and
he quotes a curous custom practsed on Pam Sunday n the town of Santes.
Duaure
states that n hs tme the festva was caed there La fte des Pnnes; the
women and
chdren carred n the processon a phaus made of bread, whch they caed a
pnne, at
the end of ther pam branches; those pnnes were subsequenty bessed by the
prest,
and carefuy preserved by the women durng the year. Ths artce has been
repubshed
by the earned author n hs "Zur Vokskunde" (Hebronn, 1879) p. 436 and
f f. under the tte of "der aufgegessene Gott." It contans many nterestng
paraes
to the custom descrbed n the text.
* Lteray bodess--she heard the voce, but saw no man.
-----Fe: 022.png---------------------------------------------------------
heaven. "A boy has been born who sha be abe to remember what he has
heard once; he sha acqure knowedge from Varsha, and sha make the
scence of grammar famous n the word, and he sha be caed Vararuch
by name, because whatever s exceent,|*| sha pease hm." Havng uttered
ths, the voce ceased. Consequenty, ever snce ths boy has grown bg,
I have been thnkng, day and nght, where that teacher Varsha can be, and
to-day I have been exceedngy gratfed at hearng t from your mouth.
Therefore take hm wth you: what harm can there be n t, he s your
brother?" When they heard ths speech of my mother's, those two, Vy|d.|
and Indradatta, overfowng wth |oy, thought that nght but a moment n
ength. Then Vy|d.| qucky gave hs own weath to my mother to provde
a feast, and desrng that I shoud be quafed to read the Vedas, nvested
me wth the Brahmnca thread. Then Vy|d.| and Indradatta took me,
who managed by my own forttude to contro the excessve gref I fet at
partng, whe my mother n takng eave of me coud wth dffcuty suppress
her tears, and consderng that the favour of Krtkeya towards them
had now put forth bossom, set out rapdy from that cty; then n course
of tme we arrved at the house of the teacher Varsha: he too consdered
that I was the favour of Krtkeya arrved n body form. The next day
he paced us n front of hm, and sttng down n a consecrated spot, he
began to recte the syabe Om wth heaveny voce. Immedatey the
Vedas wth the sx suppementary scences rushed nto hs mnd, and then,
be began to teach them to us; then I retaned what the teacher tod us
after hearng t once, Vy|d.| after hearng t twce, and Indradatta after
hearng t three tmes: then the Brhmans of the cty hearng of a sudden
that dvne sound, came at once from a quarters wth wonder strrng n
ther breasts to see what ths new thng mght be; and wth ther reverend
mouths oud n hs prases honoured Varsha wth ow bows. Then behodng
that wonderfu mrace, not ony Upavarsha, but a the ctzens of
P|t.|aputra|*| kept hgh festva. Moreover the kng Nanda of exated
fortune, seeng the power of the boon of the son of |'S|va, was deghted,
and mmedatey fed the house of Varsha wth weath, shewng hm every
mark of respect.|*|
* Vara = exceent ruch = to pease.
* I. e. Pabothra.
* "Wson remarks (Essays on Sanskrt Lterature, Vo. I, p. 165). " The
contemporary
exstence of Nanda wth Vararuch and Vy|d.| s a crcumstance of
consderabe
nterest n the terary hstory of the Hndus, as the two atter are wrters of note
on
phoogca topcs. Vararuch s aso caed n ths work Ktyyana, who s one of
the
earest commentators on Pnn. Nanda s the predecessor or one of the
predecessors
of Chandragupta or Sandrakottos; and consequenty the chef nsttutes of
Sanskrt
grammar are thus dated from the fourth century before the Chrstan era. We
need
-----Fe: 023.png---------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER III.
Havng thus spoken whe K|n.|abht was stenng wth ntent mnd,
Vararuch went on to te hs tae n the wood.
It came to pass n the course of tme, that one day, when the readng
of the Vedas was fnshed, the teacher Varsha, who had performed hs day
ceremones, was asked by us, "How comes t that such a cty as ths has
become the home of Sarasvat and Lakshm;|*| te us that, O teacher."
Hearng ths, he bade us sten, for that he was about to te the hstory of
the cty.
Story of the foundng of the cty of
P|t.|aputra.
There s a sanctfyng pace of pgrmage,
named Kanakhaa, at the
pont where the Ganges ssues from the hs,|*| where the sacred stream was
brought down from the tabe-and of mount U|'s|nara, by Knchanapta the
eephant of the gods, havng ceft t asunder.|*| In that pace ved a certan
Brhman from the Deccan, performng austertes n the company of hs
wfe, and to hm were born there three sons. In the course of tme he and
hs wfe went to heaven, and those sons of hs went to a pace named
R|ag|r.|ha, for the sake of acqurng earnng. And havng studed the
scences there, the three, greved at ther unprotected condton, went to
the Deccan n order to vst the shrne of the god Krtkeya. Then they
reached a cty named Chnchn on the shore of the sea, and dwet n the
house of a Brhman named Bho|ka, and he gave them hs three daughters
n marrage, and bestowed on them a hs weath, and havng no
other chdren, went to the Ganges to perform austertes. And whe they
were vng there n the house of ther father-n-aw, a terrbe famne arose
produced by drought; thereupon the three Brhmans fed, abandonng ther
vrtuous wves, (snce no care for ther fames touches the hearts of crue
men,) then the mdde one of the three ssters was found to be pregnant;
and those ades repared to the house of Ya|nadatta a frend of ther
father's: there they remaned n a mserabe condton, thnkng each on her
own husband, (for even n caamty women of good famy do not forget the
not suppose that Somadeva took the pans to be exact here; but t s
satsfactory to be
made acquanted wth the genera mpressons of a wrter who has not been
bassed n
any of hs vews by Paurnk egends and preposterous chronoogy."
* I. e., of earnng and matera prosperty.
* Lteray the gate of the Ganges: t s now we known under the name of
Hardvr (Hurdwar).
* Dr. Brockhaus renders the passage "wo |'S|va de |ahnav m godenen Fae
von
den Gpfen des Berges U|'s|nara herabsandte."
-----Fe: 024.png---------------------------------------------------------
dutes of vrtuous wves). Now n course of tme the mdde one of the
three ssters gave brth to a son, and they a three ved wth one another
n ove towards hm. So t happened once upon a tme that, as |'S|va was
roamng through the ar, the mother of Skanda|*| who was reposng on
|'S|va's breast, moved wth compasson at seeng ther ove for ther chd,
sad to her husband, "My ord, observe, these three women fee great affecton
for ths boy, and pace hope n hm, trustng that he may some day
support them; therefore brng t about that he may be abe to mantan
them, even n hs nfancy." Havng been thus entreated by hs beoved, |'S|va,
the gver of boons, thus answered her: I adopt hm as my protg, for n a
prevous brth he and hs wfe proptated me, therefore he has been born on
the earth to reap the frut of hs former austertes; and hs former wfe has
been born agan as P|t.|a the daughter of the kng Mahendravarman, and
she sha be hs wfe n ths brth aso. Havng sad ths, that mghty god
tod those three vrtuous women n a dream,--"Ths young son of yours sha
be caed Putraka; and every day when he awakes from seep, a hundred
thousand god peces sha be found under hs pow, and at ast he sha
become a kng." Accordngy, when he woke up from seep, those vrtuous
daughters of Ya|nadatta found the god and re|oced that ther vows and
prayers had brought forth frut. Then by means of that god Putraka havng
n a short tme accumuated great treasure, became a kng, for good fortune s
the resut of austertes.|*| Once upon a tme Ya|nadatta sad n prvate to
Putraka,--"Kng, your father and unces have gone away nto the wde word
on account of a famne; therefore gve contnuay to Brhmans, n order
that they may hear of t and return: and now sten, I w te you the
story of Brahmadatta.
Story of kng Brahmadatta.
There ved formery n Benares a
kng named Brahmadatta. He saw
a par of swans fyng n the ar at nght. They shone wth the ustre of
geamng god, and were begrt wth hundreds of whte swans, and so ooked
ke a sudden fash of ghtnng, surrounded by whte couds. And hs
desre to behod them agan kept ncreasng so mghty that he took no
peasure n the deghts of royaty. And then havng taken counse wth
hs mnsters he caused a far tank to be made accordng to a desgn of hs
own, and gave to a vng creatures securty from n|ury. In a short tme
he perceved that those two swans had setted n that ake, and when they
had become tame he asked them the reason of ther goden pumage. And
then those swans addressed the kng wth an artcuate voce. 'In a former
* Skanda s Krtkeya and hs mother s of course Durg or Prvat the consort
of |'S|va.
* In ths case the austertes whch he had performed n a former brth to
proptate
|'S|va.
-----Fe: 025.png---------------------------------------------------------
brth, O kng, we were born as crows; and when we were fghtng for the
remans of the day offerng|*| n a hoy empty tempe of |'S|va, we fe down
and ded wthn a sacred vesse beongng to that sanctuary, and consequenty
we have been born as goden swans wth a remembrance of our former
brth';--havng heard ths the kng gazed on them to hs heart's content,
and derved great peasure from watchng them.
"Therefore you w gan back your father and unces by an unparaeed
gft." When Ya|nadatta had gven hm ths advce, Putraka dd as he
recommended;
when they heard the tdngs of the dstrbuton those Brhmans
arrved: and when they were recognzed they had great weath
bestowed on them, and were reunted to ther wves. Strange to say, even
after they have gone through caamtes, wcked men havng ther mnds
bnded by want of dscernment, are unabe to put off ther ev nature.
After a tme they hankered after roya power, and beng desrous of murderng
Putraka they entced hm under pretext of a pgrmage to the
tempe of Durg: and havng statoned assassns n the nner sanctuary of
the tempe, they sad to hm, "Frst go and vst the goddess aone; step
nsde." Thereupon he entered body, but when he saw those assassns
preparng to say hm, he asked them why they wshed to k hm.
They reped, "We were hred for god to do t by your father and unces."
Then the dscreet Putraka sad to the assassns, whose senses were bewdered
by the goddess, "I w gve you ths prceess |eweed ornament of
mne. Spare me; I w not revea your secret; I w go to a dstant
and." The assassns sad, "So be t," and takng the ornament they departed,
and fasey nformed the father and unces of Putraka that he was san.
Then those Brhmans returned and endeavoured to get possesson of the
throne, but they were put to death by the mnsters as trators. How can
the ungratefu prosper?
In the meanwhe that kng Putraka, fathfu to hs promse, entered
the mpassabe wds of the Vndhya, dsgusted wth hs reatons: as he
wandered about he saw two heroes engaged heart and sou n a wrestng-
match,
and he asked them who they were. They reped, "We are the two
sons of the Asura Maya, and hs weath beongs to us, ths vesse, and ths
stck, and these shoes; t s for these that we are fghtng, and whchever
of us proves the mghter s to take them." When he heard ths speech of
thers, Putraka sad wth a sme--"That s a fne nhertance for a man."
Then they sad--"By puttng on these shoes one gans the power of fyng
through the ar; whatever s wrtten wth ths staff turns out true; and
whatever food a man wshes to have n the vesse s found there mmedate-*
* I. e., ba, a porton of the day mea offered to creatures of every descrpton,
especay the househod sprts. Practcay the ba generay fas to some
crow;
hence that brd s caed babhu|.
-----Fe: 026.png---------------------------------------------------------
*y." When he heard ths, Putraka sad--"What s the use of fghtng? Make
ths agreement, that whoever proves the best man n runnng sha possess
ths weath."|*| Those smpetons sad--"Agreed"--and set off to run, whe
the prnce put on the shoes and few up nto the ar, takng wth hm the
* A smar ncdent s found n Grmm's Fary Taes transated by Mrs. Pau,
p. 370. The hero of the tae caed the Crysta Ba fnds two gants fghtng for a
tte
hat. On hs expressng hs wonder, "Ah", they reped, "you ca t od, you do
not know
ts vaue. It s what s caed a wshng-hat, and whoever puts t on can wsh
hmsef
where he w, and mmedatey he s there." "Gve me the hat," reped the
young man,
"I w go on a tte way and when I ca you must both run a race to overtake
me,
and whoever reaches me frst, to hm the hat sha beong." The gants agreed
and the
youth takng the hat put t on and went away; but he was thnkng so much of
the
prncess that he forgot the gants and the hat, and contnued to go further and
further
wthout cang them. Presenty he sghed deepy and sad, "Ah, f I were ony at
the
Caste of the goden sun."
Wson (Coected Works, Vo. III, p. 169, note,) observes that "the story s tod
amost n the same words n the Bahar Dnsh, a purse beng substtuted for
the rod;
|ahndr obtans possesson of t, as we as the cup, and sppers n a smar
manner.
Weber |Eastern Romances, Introducton, p. 39| has notced the anaogy whch
the sppers
bear to the cap of Fortunatus. The nexhaustbe purse, athough not mentoned
here, s
of Hndu orgn aso, and a frauduent representatve of t makes a great fgure
n one of
the stores of the Da|'s|a Kumra Charta" |ch. 2, see aso L. Desongchamps,
Essa sur
es Fabes Indennes. Pars, 1838, p. 35 f. and Grsse, Sagen des Mtteaters,
Lepzg,
1842, p. 19 f.| The addtons between brackets are due to Dr. Renhodt Rost the
edtor of Wson's Essays.
The Mongoan form of the story may be found n Sagas from the Far East, p.
24.
A smar ncdent s aso found n the Swedsh story n Thorpe's Scandnavan
Taes,
entted "the Beautfu Paace East of the Sun and North of the Earth." A youth
acqures boots by means of whch he can go a hundred mes at every step,
and a coak,
that renders hm nvsbe, n a very smar way.
I fnd that n the notes n Grmm's 3rd Voume, page 168, (edton of 1856) the
passage n Somadeva s referred to, and other paraes gven. The author of
these notes
compares a Swedsh story n Cavaus, p. 182, and Prhe, Kndermrchen, No.
22. He
aso quotes from the Sd Kr, the story to whch I have referred n Sagas from
the
Far East, and compares a Norwegan story n Ashb|rnsen,|**P1:Asb|rnson| pp.
53, 171, a Hungaran
story n Maath and Gaa, N. 7, and an Araban tae n the contnuaton of the
10001
Nghts. See aso Scansche Mrchen by Laura Gonzenbach, Part I, Story 31.
Here we have a tabe-coth, a purse, and a ppe. When the tabe-coth s spread
out
one has ony to say--Dear tte tabe-coth, gve maccaron|**P1:macaron| or
roast-meat or whatever
may be requred, and t s mmedatey present. The purse w suppy as much
money
as one asks t for, and the ppe s somethng ke that of the ped pper of
Hamen,--every
one who hears t must dance. Dr. Kher n hs notes, at the end of Laura
Gonzenbach's coecton, compares (besdes the story of Fortunatus, and
Grmm III. 202,)
Zngere, Knder- und Hausmrchen, II. 73 and 193. Curze, Popuar Tradtons
from
Wadock, p. 34. Gesta Romanorum, Chap. 120. Campbe's Hghand Taes, No.
10,
and many others. The shoes n our present story may aso be compared wth
the bed
n the IXth Nove of the Xth day of the Decameron.
-----Fe: 027.png---------------------------------------------------------
beneath hm a beautfu cty named Akarshk and descended nto t from
the sky. He refected wth hmsef; " hetr are prone to deceve, Brhmans
are ke my father and unces, and merchants are greedy of weath;
n whose house sha I dwe?" |ust at that moment he reached a oney
dapdated house, and saw a snge od woman n t; so he gratfed that
od woman wth a present, and ved unobserved n that broken down od
house, wated upon respectfuy by the od woman.
Once upon a tme the od woman n an affectonate mood sad to Putraka--"I
am greved, my son, that you have not a wfe meet for you. But
here there s a maden named P|t.|a, the daughter of the kng, and she s
preserved ke a |ewe n the upper story of a serago." Whe he was stenng
to ths speech of hers wth open ear, the god of ove found an unguarded
pont, and entered by that very path nto hs heart. He made up
hs mnd that he must see that damse that very day, and n the nght few
up through the ar to where she was, by the hep of hs magc shoes. He
then entered by a wndow, whch was as hgh above the ground as the peak
of a mountan, and behed that P|t.|a, aseep n a secret pace n the serago,
contnuay bathed n the moonght that seemed to cng to her mbs:
as t were the mght of ove n feshy form reposng after the conquest of
ths word. Whe he was thnkng how he shoud awake her, suddeny
outsde a watchman began to chant: "Young men obtan the frut of
ther brth, when they awake the seepng far one, embracng her as she
sweety scods, wth her eyes angudy openng." On hearng ths encouragng
preude, he embraced that far one wth mbs trembng wth exctement,
and then she awoke. When she behed that prnce, there was a
contest between shame and ove n her eye, whch was aternatey fxed on
hs face and averted. When they had conversed together, and gone through
the ceremony of the Gndharva marrage, that coupe found ther ove
contnuay ncreasng, as the nght waned away. Then Putraka took eave
of hs sorrowng wfe, and wth hs mnd dweng ony on her went n the
ast watch of the nght to the od woman's house. So every nght the
prnce kept gong backwards and forwards, and at ast the ntrgue was
dscovered by the guards of the serago; accordngy they reveaed the
matter to the ady's father, and he apponted a woman to watch secrety
n the serago at nght. She, fndng the prnce aseep, made a mark wth
red ac upon hs garment to factate hs recognton. In the mornng she
nformed the kng of what she had done, and he sent out spes n a
drectons, and Putraka was dscovered by the mark and dragged out from
the dapdated house nto the presence of the kng. Seeng that the kng
was enraged, he few up nto the ar wth the hep of the shoes, and entered
the paace of P|t.|a. He sad to her,--"We are dscovered; therefore rse
-----Fe: 028.png---------------------------------------------------------
up, et us escape wth the hep of the shoes, and so takng P|t.|a n hs
arms he few away from that pace through the ar. Then descendng from
heaven near the bank of the Ganges, he refreshed hs weary beoved wth
cakes provded by means of the magc vesse. When P|t.|a saw the power
of Putraka she made a request to hm, n accordance wth whch he sketched
out wth the staff a cty furnshed wth a force of a four arms.|*| In
that cty he estabshed hmsef as kng, and hs great power havng attaned
fu deveopment, he subdued that father-n-aw of hs, and became ruer
of the sea-engrded earth. Ths s that same dvne cty, produced by
magc, together wth ts ctzens; hence t bears the name of P|t.|aputra,
and s the home of weath and earnng.
When we heard from the mouth of Varsha the above strange and
extraordnary marveous story, our mnds, O K|n.|abht, were for a ong
tme deghted wth thrng wonder.
CHAPTER IV.
Havng reated ths epsode to K|n.|abht n the Vndhya forest, Vararuch
agan resumed the man thread of hs narratve.
Whe thus dweng there wth Vy|d.| and Indradatta, I graduay
attaned perfecton n a scences, and emerged from the condton of
chdhood.
Once on a tme when we went out to wtness the festva of Indra,
we saw a maden ookng ke some weapon of Cupd, not of the nature of
an arrow. Then, Indradatta, on my askng hm who that ady mght be,
reped,--"She s the daughter of Upavarsha, and her name s Upako|'s|,"
and she found out by means of her handmads who I was, and drawng my
sou after her wth a gance made tender by ove, she wth dffcuty
managed to return to her own house. She had a face ke a fu moon, and
eyes ke a bue otus, she had arms gracefu ke the stak of a otus, and
a ovey fu|*| bosom; she had a neck marked wth three nes ke a she,|*|
and magnfcent cora ps; n short she was a second Lakshm, so to speak,
the store-house of the beauty of kng Cupd. Then my heart was ceft by
the stroke of ove's arrow, and I coud not seep that nght through my
desre to kss her bmba|*| p. Havng at ast wth dffcuty gone off to
* I. e., nfantry, cavary, eephants, and archers.
* Lteray she was spendd wth a fu bosom,...gorous wth cora ps. For
uttama n the st haf of |'s|oka 6 I read upama.
* Consdered to be ndcatve of exated fortune.--Moner Wams.
* The bmba beng an Indan frut, ths expresson may he paraeed by "currant
p" n the Two Nobe Knsmen I. I. 216 or "cherry p" Rch. III. I. I. 94.
-----Fe: 029.png---------------------------------------------------------
seep, I saw, at the cose of nght, a ceesta woman n whte garments;
she sad to me--"Upako|'s| was thy wfe n a former brth; as she apprecates
mert, she desres no one but thee, therefore, my son, thou oughtest
not to fee anxous about ths matter. I am Sarasvat|*| that dwe contnuay
n thy frame, I cannot bear to behod thy gref." When she had
sad ths, she dsappeared. Then I woke up and somewhat encouraged I
went sowy and stood under a young mango tree near the house of my
beoved; then her confdante came and tod me of the ardent attachment
of Upako|'s| to me, the resut of sudden passon: then I|**,| wth my pan
doubed, sad to her, "How can I obtan Upako|'s|, uness her natura
protectors
wngy bestow her upon me? For death s better than dshonour;
so f by any means your frend's heart became known to her parents,
perhaps the end mght be prosperous.
"Therefore brng ths about, my good woman, save the fe of me and
of thy frend." When she heard ths, she went and tod a to her frend's
mother, she mmedatey tod t to her husband Upavarsha, he to Varsha
hs brother, and Varsha approved of the match. Then, my marrage havng
been determned upon, Vy|d.| by the order of my tutor went and brought
my mother from Kau|'s|mb; so Upako|'s| was bestowed upon me by her
father wth a due ceremones, and I ved happy n P|t.|aputra wth my
mother and my wfe.
Now n course of tme Varsha got a great number of pups, and
among them there was one rather stupd pup of the name of P|n.|n; he,
beng weared out wth servce, was sent away by the preceptor's wfe, and
beng dsgusted at t and ongng for earnng, be went to the Hmaya to
perform austertes: then be obtaned from the god, who wears the moon
as a crest, proptated by hs severe austertes, a new grammar, the source
of a earnng. Thereupon he came and chaenged me to a dsputaton,
and seven days passed away n the course of our dsputaton; on the eghth
day he bad been fary conquered by me, but mmedatey afterwards a
terrbe menacng sound was uttered by |'S|va n the frmament; owng to
that our Andra grammar was expoded n the word,|+| and a of us, beng
conquered by Pa|n.|n, became accounted foos. Accordngy fu of
despondency
I deposted n the hand of the merchant Hra|n.|yadatta my weath for
the mantenance of my house, and after nformng Upako|'s| of t, I went
fastng to mount Hmaya to proptate |'S|va wth austertes.
Story of Upako|'s| and her four overs.
Upako|'s| on her part anxous for
my success, remaned n her own
house, bathng every day n the Ganges, strcty observng her vow. One
* Goddess of eoquence and earnng.
|+| See Dr. Burnett's "Andra grammar" for the bearng of ths passage on the
hstory
of Sanskrt terature.
-----Fe: 030.png---------------------------------------------------------
pae, and charmng to the eyes of men, ke the streak of the new moon, was
seen by the kng's domestc chapan whe gong to bathe n the Ganges,
and aso by the head magstrate, and by the prnce's mnster; and mmedatey
they a of them became a target for the arrows of ove. It happened
too somehow or other that she took a ong tme bathng that day,
and as she was returnng n the evenng, the prnce's mnster ad voent
hands on her, but she wth great presence of mnd sad to hm, " Dear Sr,
I desre ths as much as you, but I am of respectabe famy, and my husband
s away from home. How can I act thus? Some one mght perhaps
see us, and then msfortune woud befa you as we as me. Therefore you
must come wthout fa to my house n the frst watch of the nght of
the sprng-festva when the ctzens are a excted."* When she had sad
ths, and pedged hersef, he et her go, but, as chance woud have t, she
had not gone many steps further, before she was stopped by the kng's
domestc chapan. She made a smar assgnaton wth hm aso for the
second watch of the same nght; and so he too was, though wth dffcuty,
nduced to et her go; but, after she had gone a tte further, up comes a
thrd person, the head magstrate, and detans the trembng ady. Then
she made a smar assgnaton wth hm too for the thrd watch of the
same nght, and havng by great good fortune got hm to reease her, she
went home a trembng, and of her own accord tod her handmads the
arrangements she had made, refectng, "Death s better for a woman of
good famy when her husband s away, than to meet the eyes of peope who
ust after beauty." Fu of these thoughts and regrettng me, the vrtuous
ady spent that nght n fastng, amentng her own beauty. Eary the
next mornng she sent a mad-servant to the merchant Hranyagupta to
ask for some money n order that she mght honour the Brahmans: then
that merchant aso came and sad to her n prvate, " Shew me ove, and
then I w gve you what your husband deposted." When she heard that,
she refected that she had no wtness to prove the depost of her husband's
weath, and perceved that the merchant was a van, and so tortured wth
sorrow and gref, she made a fourth and ast assgnaton wth hm for the
ast watch of the same nght; so he went away. In the meanwhe she
had prepared by her handmads n a arge vat amp-back mxed wth o and
scented wth musk and other perfumes, and she made ready four peces of
rag anonted wth t, and sho caused to be made a arge trunk wth a fastenng
outsde. So on that day of the sprng-festva the prnce's mnster
came n the frst watch of the nght n gorgeous array. When he had
entered wthout beng observed Upakos'a sad to hm, " I w not receve
you unt you have bathed, so go n and bathe." The smpeton agreed to
* And w not observe you.
-----Fe: 031.png---------------------------------------------------------
that, and was taken by the handmads nto a secret dark nner apartment.
There they took off hs under-garments and hs |ewes, and gave hm by way
of an under-garment a snge pece of rag, and they smeared the rasca
from head to foot wth a thck coatng of that amp-back and o, pretendng
t was an unguent, wthout hs detectng t. Whe they contnued
rubbng t nto every mb, the second watch of the nght came and the
chapan arrved, the handmads thereupon sad to the mnster,--" here s the
kng's chapan come, a great frend of Vararuch's, so creep nto ths box"
--and they bunded hm nto the trunk, |ust as he was, a naked, wth the
utmost precptaton: and then they fastened t outsde wth a bot. The
prest too was brought nsde nto the dark room on the pretence of a bath,
and was n the same way strpped of hs garments and ornaments, and made
a foo of by the handmads by beng rubbed wth amp-back and o, wth
nothng but the pece of rag on hm, unt n the thrd watch the chef
magstrate
arrved. The handmads mmedatey terrfed the prest wth the
news of hs arrva, and pushed hm nto the trunk ke hs predecessor.
After they had boted hm n, they brought n the magstrate on the pretext
of gvng hm a bath, and so he, ke hs feows, wth the pece of rag
for hs ony garment, was bamboozed by beng contnuay anonted wth
amp-back, unt n the ast watch of the nght the merchant arrved. The
handmads made use of hs arrva to aarm the magstrate and bunded
hm aso nto the trunk, and fastened t on the outsde. So those three
beng shut up nsde the box, as f they were bent on accustomng themseves
to ve n the he of bnd darkness, dd not dare to speak on account of fear,
though they touched one another. Then Upakosa brougt a amp nto the
room, and makng the merchant enter t, sad to hm, "gve me that money
whch my husband deposted wth you." When he heard that, the rasca
sad, observng that the room was empty, " I tod you that I woud gve
you the money your husband deposted wth me." Upakosa cang the
attenton of the peope n the trunk, sad--" Hear, O ye gods ths speech of
Hranyagupta." When she had sad ths, she bew out the ght, and the
merchant, ke the others, on the pretext of a bath was anonted by the
handmads for a ong tme wth amp-back. Then they tod hm to go,
for the darkness was over, and at the cose of the nght they took hm by
the neck and pushed hm out of the door sorey aganst hs w. Then he
made the best of hs way home, wth ony the pece of rag to cover hs
nakedness, and smeared wth the back dye, wth the dogs btng hm at
every step, thoroughy ashamed of hmsef, and at ast reached hs own
house; and when he got there he dd not dare to ook hs saves n the
face whe they were washng off that back dye. The path of vce s ndeed
a panfu one. In the eary mornng Upakosa accompaned by her
handmads went, wthout nformng her parents, to the paace of kng
-----Fe: 032.png---------------------------------------------------------
Nanda, and there she hersef stated to the kng that the merchant
Hranyagupta
was endeavourng to deprve her of money deposted wth hm by
her husband. The kng n order to enqure nto the matter mmedatey
had the merchant summoned, who sad--"I have nothng n my keepng
beongng to ths ady." Upako|/s| then sad, "I have wtnesses, my ord;
before he went, my husband put the househod gods nto a box, and ths
merchant wth hs own ps admtted the depost n ther presence. Let
the box be brought here and ask the gods yoursef." Havng heard ths the
kng n astonshment ordered the box to be brought.
Thereupon n a moment that trunk was carred n by many men.
Then Upako|/s| sad--"Reate truy, O gods, what that merchant sad and
then go to your own houses; f you do not, I w burn you or open the
box n court." Hearng that, the men n the box, besde themseves wth
fear, sad--"It s true, the merchant admtted the depost n our presence."
Then the merchant beng uttery confounded confessed a hs gut; but
the kng, beng unabe to restran hs curosty, after askng permsson of
Upako|/s|, opened the chest there n court by breakng the fastenng, and
those three men were dragged out, ookng ke three umps of sod darkness,
and were wth dffcuty recognsed by the kng and hs mnsters.
The whoe assemby then burst out aughng, and the kng n hs curosty
asked Upako|/s|, what was the meanng of a ths; so the vrtuous ady tod
the whoe story. A present n court expressed ther approbaton of Upako|/s|'s
conduct, observng: "The vrtuous behavour of women of good famy
who are protected by ther own exceent dsposton|*| ony, s ncredbe."
Then a those coveters of ther neghbour's wfe were deprved of a
ther vng, and banshed from the country. Who prospers by mmoraty?
Upako|/s| was dsmssed by the kng, who shewed |** typo for showed?| hs
great regard for
her by a present of much weath, and sad to her: "Henceforth thou art
my sster,"--and so she returned home. Varsha and Upavarsha when they
heard t, congratuated that chaste ady, and there was a sme of admraton
on the face of every snge person n that cty.|*|
* Instead of the was of a serago.
* Ths story occurs n Scott's Addtona Araban Nghts as the Lady of Caro
and her four Gaants, |and n hs Taes and Anecdotes, Shrewsbury, 1800, p.
136, as
the story of the Merchant's wfe and her sutors|. It s aso one of the Persan
taes
of Arouya |day 146 ff|. It s a story of ancent ceebrty n Europe as Constant du
Hame or a Dame qu attrapa un Prtre, un Prevot et un Forester |Le Grand
d'Aussy,
Fabaux et Contes. Pars, 1829, Vo. IV, pp. 246-56|. It s curous that the
Fabau
aone agrees wth the Hndu orgna n puttng the overs out of the way and
dsrobng
them by the pea of the bath. (Note n Wson's Essays on Sanskrt Lterature,
edted
by Dr. Rost, Vo. I, p. 173.) See aso a story contrbuted by the ate Mr. Damant
to
the Indan Antquary, Vo. IX, pp. 2 and 3, and the XXVIIth story n Indan Fary
Taes coected and transated by Mss Stokes, wth the note at the end of the
voume.
-----Fe: 033.png---------------------------------------------------------
In the meanwhe, by performng a very severe penance on the snowy
mountan, I proptated the god, the husband of Prvat, the great gver of
a good thngs; he reveaed to me that same treatse of Pnn; and n
accordance wth hs wsh I competed t: then I returned home wthout
feeng the fatgue of the |ourney, fu of the nectar of the favour of that
god who wears on hs ercst a dgt of the moon; then I worshpped the
feet of my mother and of my sprtua teachers, and heard from them the
wonderfu achevement of Upako|'s|, thereupon |oy and astonshment sweed
to the upmost heght n my breast, together wth natura affecton and
great respect for my wfe.
Now Varsha expressed a desre to hear from my ps the new grammar,
and thereupon the god Krtkeya hmsef reveaed t to hm. And t came
to pass that Vyd and Indradatta asked ther preceptor Varsha what fee
they shoud gve hm? He reped, "Gve me ten mons of god peces."
So they, consentng to the preceptor's demand, sad to me; "Come wth us,
frend, to ask the kng Nanda to gve us the sum requred for our teacher's
fee; we cannot obtan so much god from any other quarter: for he possesses
nne hundred and nnety mons, and ong ago he decared your wfe
Upako|'s|, hs sster n the fath, therefore you are hs brother-n-aw; we
sha obtan somethng for the sake of your vrtues." Havng formed ths
resouton, we three feow-students|*| went to the camp of kng Nanda n
Ayodhy, and the very moment we arrved, the kng ded; accordngy an
outburst of amentaton arose n the kngdom, and we were reduced to
despar. Immedatey Indradatta, who was an adept n magc, sad, "I w
enter the body of ths dead kng|*|; et Vararuch prefer the petton to me,
and I w gve hm the god, and et Vyd guard my body unt I return."
Sayng ths, Indradatta entered nto the body of kng Nanda, and when the
kng came to fe agan, there was great re|ocng n the kngdom. Whe
Vyd remaned n an empty tempe to guard the body of Indradatta, I
went to the kng's paace. I entered, and after makng the usua sautaton,
I asked the supposed Nanda for ten mon god peces as my nstructor's
fee. Then he ordered a man named |'S|akata, the mnster of the rea
Nanda, to gve me ten mon of god peces. That mnster, when he saw
that the dead kng had come to fe, and that the pettoner mmedatey
got what he asked, guessed the rea state of the case. What s there that
the wse cannot understand? That mnster sad--"It sha be gven, your
Hghness," and refected wth hmsef; "Nanda's son s but a chd, and our
ream s menaced by many enemes, so I w do my best for the present to
* Dr. Brockbans transates "ac dre mt unsern Schern."
* Ths forms the eadng event of the story of Fadaah n the Persan taes.
The dervsh there avows hs havng acqured the facuty of anmatng a dead
body
from an aged Brahman n the Indes. (Wson.)
-----Fe: 034.png---------------------------------------------------------
keep hs body on the throne even n ts present state." Havng resoved on
ths, he mmedatey took steps to have a dead bodes burnt, empoyng
spes to dscover them, and among them was found the body of Indradatta,
whch was burned after Vy|d.| had been husted out of the tempe. In the
meanwhe the kng was pressng for the payment of the money, but
|'S|akata, who was st n doubt, sad to hm, "A the servants have got
ther heads turned by the pubc re|ocng, et the Brhman wat a moment
unt I can gve t." Then Vy|d.| came and companed aoud n the presence
of the supposed Nanda, "Hep, hep, a Brhman engaged n magc,
whose fe had not yet come to an end n a natura way, has been burnt by
force on the pretext that hs body was untenanted, and ths n the very
moment of your good fortune."|*| On hearng ths the supposed Nanda
was n an ndescrbabe state of dstracton from gref: but as soon as
Indradatta was mprsoned n the body of Nanda, beyond the possbty of
escape, by the burnng of hs body, the dscreet |'S|akata went out and gave
me that ten mons.
Then the supposed Nanda,|*| fu of gref, sad n secret to Vy|d.|,--"Though
a Brhman by brth I have become a |'S|dra, what s the use of
my roya fortune to me though t be frmy estabshed?" When he heard
that, Vy|d.| comforted hm,|*| and gave hm seasonabe advce, "You have
been dscovered by |'S|akata, so you must henceforth be on your guard
aganst hm, for he s a great mnster, and n a short tme he w, when
t suts hs purpose, destroy you, and w make Chandragupta, the son of
the prevous Nanda, kng. Therefore mmedatey appont Vararuch your
mnster, n order that your rue may be frmy estabshed by the hep of
hs nteect, whch s of god-ke acuteness." When he had sad ths, Vy|d.|
departed to gve that fee to hs preceptor, and mmedatey Yogananda sent
for me and made me hs mnster. Then I sad to the kng, "Though your
caste as a Brhman has been taken from you, I do not consder your throne
secure as ong as |'S|akata remans n offce, therefore destroy hm by some
stratagem." When I had gven hm ths advce, Yogananda threw |'S|akata
nto a dark dungeon, and hs hundred sons wth hm, procamng as
*Compare the story n the Panchatantra, Benfey's Transaton, p. 124, of the
kng
who ost hs body but eventuay recovered t. Benfey n Vo. I, page 128, refers
to
some European paraes. Lebrecht n hs Zur Vokskunde, p. 206, mentons a
story
found n Apoonus (Hstora Mrabum) whch forms a strkng parae to ths.
Accordng to Apoonus, the sou of Hermotmos of Kazomen eft hs body
frequenty,
resded n dfferent paces, and uttered a knds of predctons, returnng to hs
body whch remaned n hs house. At ast some sptefu persons burnt hs body
n
the absence of hs sou.
*Or Yogananda. So caed as beng Nanda by yoga or magc.
*I read |'s|vsya.
-----Fe: 035.png---------------------------------------------------------
hs crme that he had burnt a Brhman ave. One porrnger of barey-mea
and one of water was paced nsde the dungeon every day for |'S|akata
and hs sons, and thereupon he sad to them;--"My sons, even one man
aone woud wth dffcuty subsst on ths barey-mea, much ess can a
number of peope do so. Therefore et that one of us, who s abe to take
vengeance on Yogananda, consume every day the barey-mea and the
water." Hs sons answered hm, "You aone are abe to punsh hm,
therefore do you consume them." For vengeance s dearer to the resoute
than fe tsef. So |'S|akata aone subssted on that mea and water every
day. Aas! those whose sous are set on vctory are crue. |'S|akata n
the dark dungeon, behodng the death agones of hs starvng sons, thought
to hmsef, "A man who desres hs own wefare shoud not act n an arbtrary
manner towards the powerfu, wthout fathomng ther character and
acqurng ther confdence." Accordngy hs hundred sons pershed before
hs eyes, and he aone remaned ave surrounded by ther skeetons. Then
Yogananda took frm root n hs kngdom. And Vyd approached hm
after gvng the present to hs teacher, and after comng near to hm sad,
"May thy rue, my frend, ast ong! I take my eave of thee, I go to
perform austertes somewhere." Hearng that, Yogananda, wth hs voce
choked wth tears, sad to hm, "Stop thou, and en|oy peasures n my kngdom,
do not go and desert me." Vyd answered--"Kng! Lfe comes to
an end n a moment. What wse man, I pray you, drowns hmsef n
these hoow and feetng en|oyments? Prosperty, a desert mrage, does
not turn the head of the wse man." Sayng ths he went away that moment
resoved to mortfy hs fesh wth austertes. Then that Yogananda
went to hs metropos P|t.|aputra, for the purpose of en|oyment,
accompaned
by me, and surrounded wth hs whoe army. So I havng
attaned prosperty, ved for a ong tme n that state, wated upon by
Upako|'s|, and bearng the burden of the offce of prme-mnster to that
kng, accompaned by my mother and my preceptors. There the Ganges,
proptated by my austertes, gave me every day much weath, and Sarasvat
present n body form tod me contnuay what measures to adopt.
CHAPTER V.
Havng sad ths, Vararuch contnued hs tae as foows:--
In course of tme Yogananda became ensaved by hs passons, and ke
a mad eephant he dsregarded every restrant. "Whom w not a sudden
access of prosperty ntoxcate? Then I refected wth mysef, "The kng
-----Fe: 036.png---------------------------------------------------------
has burst a bonds, and my own regous dutes are negected beng nterfered
wth by my care for hs affars, therefore t s better for me to draw
out that |'S|akata from hs dungeon and make hm my coeague n the
mnstry; even f he tres to oppose me, what harm can he do as ong as
I am n offce?" Havng resoved on ths I asked permsson of the kng,
and drew |'S|akata out of the deep dungeon. Brhmans are aways soft-
hearted.
Now the dscreet |'S|akata made up hs mnd, that t woud be
dffcut to overthrow Yogananda as ong as I was n offce, and that he
had accordngy better mtate the cane whch bends wth the current, and
watch a favourabe moment for vengeance, so at my request he resumed
the offce of mnster and managed the kng's affars.
Once on a tme Yogananda went outsde the cty, and behed n the
mdde of the Ganges a hand, the fve fngers of whch were cosey pressed
together. That moment he summoned me and sad, "What does ths
mean?" But I dspayed two of my fngers n the drecton of the hand.
Thereupon that hand dsappeared, and the kng, exceedngy astonshed,
agan asked me what ths meant, and I answered hm, "That hand meant
to say, by shewng ts fve fngers, 'What cannot fve men unted effect
n ths word?' Then I, kng, shewed t these two fngers, wshng to
ndcate that nothng s mpossbe when even two men are of one mnd."
When I uttered ths souton of the rdde the kng was deghted, and
|'S|akata was despondent seeng that my nteect woud be dffcut to
crcumvent.
One day Yogananda saw hs queen eanng out of the wndow and
askng questons of a Brhman guest that was ookng up. That trva
crcumstance threw the kng nto a passon, and he gave orders that the
Brhman shoud be put to death; for |eaousy nterferes wth dscernment.
Then as that Brhman was beng ed off to the pace of executon n order
that he mght be put to death, a fsh n the market aughed aoud, though
t was dead.|*| The kng hearng t mmedatey prohbted for the present
the executon of that Brhman, and asked me the reason why the fsh
aughed. I reped that I woud te hm after I had thought over the
matter; and after I had gone out Sarasvat came to me secrety on my
thnkng of her and gave me ths advce; "Take up a poston on the top
* Dr. Lebrecht n Orent und Occdent, Vo. I, p. 341 compares wth ths story
one n the od French romance of Mern. There Mern aughs because the wfe
of
the emperor |uus Csar had tweve young men dsgused as ades-n-watng.
Benfey,
n a note on Dr. Lebrecht's artce, compares wth the story of Mern one by the
Countess D'Aunoy, No. 36 of the 'entamerono of Base, Straparoa IV. I, and a
story
n the |'S|uka Saptat. Ths he quotes from the transaton of Demetros
Gaanos. In
ths some cooked fsh augh so that the whoe town hears them. The reason s
the
same as n the story of Mern and n our text.
-----Fe: 037.png---------------------------------------------------------
of ths pam tree at nght so as not to be observed, and thou shat wthout
doubt hear the reason why the fsh aughed." Hearng ths I went at
nght to that very pace, and ensconced mysef on the top of the pam tree, and
saw a terrbe femae Rkshasa comng past wth her chdren; when
they asked her for food, she sad, "Wat, and I w gve you to-morrow mornng
the fesh of a Brhman, he was not ked to-day."* They sad to ther
mother, " Why was he not ked to-day?"|*| Then she reped, "He was not
executed because a fsh n the town, though dead, aughed when t saw hm."
The sons sad, "Why dd the fsh augh?" She contnued, "The fsh of course
sad to hmsef--a the kng's wves are dssoute, for n every part of ths
harem there are men dressed up as women, and nevertheess whe these
escape, an nnocent Brhman s to be put to death--and ths tcked the fsh
so that he aughed. For demons assume these dsguses, nsnuatng
themseves
nto everythng, and aughng at the exceedng want of dscernment
of kngs." After I had heard that speech of the femae Rkshasa I went
away from thence, and n the mornng I nformed the kng why the fsh
aughed. The kng after detectng n the harem those men cothed as
women, ooked upon me wth great respect, and reeased that Brhman
from the sentence of death.
I was dsgusted by seeng ths and other awess proceedngs on the
part of the kng, and, whe I was n ths frame of mnd, there came to
court a new panter. He panted on a sheet of canvass the prncpa queen
and Yogananda, and that pcture of hs ooked as f t were ave, t ony
acked speech and moton. And the kng beng deghted oaded that panter
wth weath, and had the pantng set up on a wa n hs prvate apartments.
Now one day when I entered nto the kng's prvate apartments,
t occurred to me that the pantng of the queen dd not represent a her
auspcous marks; from the arrangement of the other marks I con|ectured
by means of my acuteness that there ought to be a spot where the grde
comes, and I panted one there. Then I departed after thus gvng the
* Cp. the foowng passage n a Dansh story caed Svend's expots, n
Thorpe's
Yuetde Stores, page 341. |ust as he was gong to seep, tweve crows came
fyng
and perched n the eder trees over Svend's head. They began to converse
together,
and the one tod the other what had happened to hm that day. When they
were
about to fy away, one crow sad, "I am so hungry; where sha I get somethng
to
eat?" "We sha have food enough to-morrow when father has ked Svend,"
answered
the crow's brother. "Dost thou thnk then that such a mserabe feow dares
fght wth
our father?" sad another. "Yes, t s probabe enough that he w, but t w not
proft
hm much as our father cannot be overcome but wth the Man of the Mount's
sword,
and that hangs n the mound, wthn seven ocked doors, before each of whch
are two
ferce dogs that never seep." Svend thus earned that he shoud ony be
sacrfcng
hs strength and fe n attemptng a combat wth the dragon, before he had
made hmsef
master of the Man of the Mount's sword.
-----Fe: 038.png---------------------------------------------------------
queen a her ucky marks. Then Yogananda entered and saw that spot,
and asked hs chamberans who had panted t. And they ndcated me
to hm as the person who had panted t. Yogananda thus refected whe
burnng wth anger; "No one except mysef knows of that spot, whch,
s n a part of the queen's body usuay conceaed, then how can ths Vararuch
have come thus to know t?|*| No doubt he has secrety corrupted
my harem, and ths s how he came to see there those men dsgused as
women." Foosh men often fnd such concdences. Then of hs own
moton he summoned |'S|akata, and gave hm the foowng order: "You
must put Vararuch to death for seducng the queen." |'S|akata sad, "Your
Ma|esty's orders sha be executed," and went out of the paace, refectng,
"I shoud not have power to put Vararuch to death, for he possesses god-*ke
force of nteect; and he devered me from caamty; moreover he
s a Brhman, therefore I had better hde hm and wn hm over to my
sde." Havng formed ths resouton, he came and tod me of the kng's
causeess wrath whch had ended n hs orderng my executon, and thus
concuded, "I w have some one ese put to death n order that the news
may get abroad, and do you reman hdden n my house to protect me from
ths passonate kng." In accordance wth ths proposa of hs, I remaned
conceaed n hs house, and he had some one ese put to death at nght n
order that the report of my death mght be spread.|*| When he had n
ths way dspayed hs statecraft, I sad to hm out of affecton, "You have
shewn yoursef an unrvaed mnster n that you dd not attempt to put
me to death; for I cannot be san, snce I have a Rkshasa to frend, and
he w come, on beng ony thought of, and at my request w devour the
whoe word. As for ths kng he s a frend of mne, beng a Brhman
named Indradatta, and he ought not to be san." Hearng ths, that mnster
sad--"Shew me the Rkshasa." Then I shewed hm that Rkshasa who
came wth a thought; and on behodng hm, |'S|akata was astonshed and
terrfed. And when the Rkshasa had dsappeared, |'S|akata agan asked
me--"How dd the Rkshasa become your frend?" Then I sad--"Long
ago the heads of the poce as they went through the cty nght after nght
on nspectng duty, pershed one by one. On hearng that, Yogananda
made me head of the poce, and as I was on my rounds at nght, I saw a
Rkshasa roamng about, and he sad to me, "Te me, who s consdered
the best-ookng woman n ths cty?" When I heard that, I burst out
aughng and sad--"You foo, any woman s good-ookng to the man who
admres her." Hearng my answer, he sad--"You are the ony man that
has beaten me." And now that I had escaped death by sovng hs rdde,|*|
* Compare the "moe cnque-spotted" n Cymbene.
* Compare Measure for Measure.
* Cp. the story of |OE|dpus and the Mahbhrata, Vanaparvan, C. 312. where
-----Fe: 039.png---------------------------------------------------------
he agan sad to me, "I am peased wth you, henceforth you are my frend,
and I w appear to you when you ca me to mnd." Thus he spoke and
dsappeared, and I returned by the way that I came. Thus the Rkshasa
has become my frend, and my ay n troube. When I had sad ths, |'S|akata
made a second request to me, and I shewed hm the goddess of the
Ganges n human form who came when I thought of her. And that goddess
dsappeared when she had been gratfed by me wth hymns of prase.
But |'S|akata became from thenceforth my obedent ay.
Now once on a tme that mnster sad to me when my state of conceament
weghed upon my sprts; "why do you, athough you know a
thngs, abandon yoursef to despondency? Do you not know that the
mnds of kngs are most undscernng, and n a short tme you w be
ceared from a mputatons;|*| n proof of whch sten to the foowng
tae:--
The story of |'S|vavarman.
There regned here ong ago a kng
named Adtyavarman, and he had a
very wse mnster, named |'S|vavarman. Now t came to pass that one of
that kng's queens became pregnant, and when he found t out, the kng
sad to the guards of the harem, "It s now two years snce I entered ths
pace, then how has ths queen become pregnant? Te me." Then they
sad, "No man except your mnster |'S|vavarman s aowed to enter here,
but he enters wthout any restrcton." When he heard that, the kng
thought,--"Surey he s guty of treason aganst me, and yet f I put hm
to death pubcy, I sha ncur reproach,"--thus refectng, that kng sent
that |'S|vavarman on some pretext to Bhogavarman a neghbourng chef,|*|
who was an ay of hs, and mmedatey afterwards the kng secrety sent
off a messenger to the same chef, bearng a etter by whch he was ordered
to put the mnster to death. When a week had eapsed after the mnster's
departure, that queen tred to escape out of fear, and was taken by
the guards wth a man n woman's attre, then Adtyavarman when he
heard of t was fed wth remorse, and asked hmsef why he had causeessy
brought about the death of so exceent a mnster. In the meanwhe
|'S|vavarman reached the Court of Bhogavarman, and that messenger
came brngng the etter; and fate woud have t so that after Bhogavarman
had read the etter he tod to |'S|vavarman n secret the order he had
receved to put hm to death.
The exceent mnster |'S|vavarman n hs turn sad to that chef,--*
* Yudhsthra s questoned by a Yaksha. Benfey compares Mahbhrata XIII (IV,
206) 5883-5918 where a Brhman sezed by a Rkshasa escaped n the same
way.
* Readng chuddhs for the chuds of Dr. Brockhaus' text.
* Smanta seems to mean a feudatory or dependent prnce.
-----Fe: 040.png---------------------------------------------------------
"put me to death; f you do not, I w say mysef wth my own hand."
When he heard that, Bhogavarman was fed wth wonder, and sad to
hm, "What does a ths mean? Te me Brhman, f you do not, you w
e under my curse." Then the mnster sad to hm, "Kng, n whatever
and I am san, on that and God w not send ran for tweve years."
When he heard that, Bhogavarman debated wth hs mnster,--"that
wcked kng desres the destructon of our and, for coud he not have empoyed
secret assassns to k hs mnster? So we must not put ths
mnster to death, moreover we must prevent hm from ayng voent hands
on hmsef." Havng thus deberated and apponted hm guards, Bhogavarman
sent |'S|vavarman out of hs country that moment; so that mnster
by means of hs wsdom returned ave, and hs nnocence was estabshed
from another quarter, for rghteousness cannot be undone.
In the same way your nnocence w be made cear, Ktyyana; reman
for a whe n my house; ths kng too w repent of what he has done.
When |'S|akata sad ths to me, I spent those days conceaed n hs house,
watng my opportunty.
Then t came to pass that one day, O K|n.|abht, a son of that Yogananda
named Hra|n.|yagupta went out huntng, and when he had somehow
or other been carred to a great dstance by the speed of hs horse, whe
he was aone n the wood the day came to an end; and then he ascended a
tree to pass the nght. Immedatey afterwards a bear, whch had been
terrfed by a on, ascended the same tree; he seeng the prnce frghtened,
sad to hm wth a human voce, "Fear not, thou art my frend," and thus
promsed hm mmunty from harm. Then the prnce confdng n the
bear's promse went to seep, whe the bear remaned awake. Then the
on beow sad to the bear, "Bear, throw me down ths man, and I w go
away." Then the bear sad, "Van, I w not cause the death of a
frend." When n course of tme the bear went to seep whe the prnce
was awake, the on sad agan, "Man, throw me down the bear." When
he heard that, the prnce, who through fear for hs own safety wshed to
proptate the on, tred to throw down the bear, but wonderfu to say, t
dd not fa, snce Fate caused t to awake. And then that bear sad to the
prnce, "become nsane, thou betrayer of thy frend,"|*| ayng upon hm a
curse destned not to end unt a thrd person guessed the whoe transacton.
Accordngy the prnce, when he reached hs paace n the mornng
went out of hs mnd, and Yogananda seeng t, was mmedatey punged
n despondency; and sad, "If Vararuch were ave at ths moment, a ths
matter woud be known;" curse on my readness to have hm put to death!
* Benfey consders that ths story was orgnay Buddhstc. A very smar
story s quoted by hm from tho Karma|'s|ataka. (Panchatantra I, p. 209) cp.
aso c. 65
of ths work.
-----Fe: 041.png---------------------------------------------------------
|'S|akata, when he heard ths excamaton of the kng's, thought to hmsef,
"Ha! here s an opportunty obtaned for brngng Ktyyana out of
conceament,
and he beng a proud man w not reman here, and the kng
w repose confdence n me." After refectng thus, he mpored pardon,
and sad to the kng, "O Kng, cease from despondency, Vararuch remans
ave." Then Yogananda sad, "Let hm be brought qucky."
Then I was suddeny brought by |'S|akata nto the presence of Yogananda
and behed the prnce n that state; and by the favour of Sarasvat I was
enabed to revea the whoe occurrence; and I sad, "Kng, he has proved
a trator to hs frend"; then I was prased by that prnce who was devered
from hs curse; and the kng asked me how I had managed to fnd
out what had taken pace. Then I sad, "Kng, the mnds of the wse see
everythng by nference from sgns, and by acuteness of nteect. So I
found out a ths n the same way as I found out that moe." When I
had sad ths, that kng was affcted wth shame. Then wthout acceptng
hs munfcence, consderng mysef to have ganed a I desred by the
cearng of my reputaton, I went home: for to the wse character s
weath. And the moment I arrved, the servants of my house wept before
me, and when I was dstressed at t Upavarsha came to me and sad,
"Upako|'s|, when she heard that the kng had put you to death, commtted
her body to the fames, and then your mother's heart broke wth gref."
Hearng that, senseess wth the dstracton produced by recenty aroused
gref, I suddeny fe on the ground ke a tree broken by the wnd: and
n a moment I tasted the reef of oud amentatons; whom w not the
fre of gref, produced by the oss of dear reatons, scorch? Varsha came
and gave me sound advce n such words as these, "The ony thng that
s stabe n ths ever-changefu word s nstabty, then why are you dstracted
though you know ths deuson of the Creator"? By the hep of
these and smar exhortatons I at ength, though wth dffcuty, reganed
my equanmty; then wth heart dsgusted wth the word, I fung asde
a earthy ords, and choosng sef-restrant for my ony companon, I
went to a grove where ascetcsm was practsed.
Then, as days went by, once on a tme a Brhman from Ayodhy came
to that ascetc-grove whe I was there: I asked hm for tdngs about
Yogananda's government, and he recognzng me tod me n sorrowfu
accents the foowng story:
"Hear what happened to Nanda after you had eft hm. Skata after
watng for t a ong tme, found that he had now obtaned an opportunty
of n|urng hm. Whe thnkng how he mght by some devce get
Yogananda ked, he happened to see a Brhman named Ch|n.|akya dggng
up the earth n hs path; he sad to hm, "Why are you dggng up the
earth?" The Brhman, whom he had asked, sad, I am rootng up a pant
-----Fe: 042.png---------------------------------------------------------
of dharba grass here, because t has prcked my foot.|*| When he heard
that, the mnster thought that Brhman who formed such stern resoves out
of anger, woud be the best nstrument to destroy Nanda wth. After
askng hs name he sad to hm, "Brhman, I assgn to you the duty of
performng a |'s|rddha on the thrteenth day of the unar fortnght, n the
house of kng Nanda; you sha have one hundred thousand god peces by
way of fee, and you sha st at the board above a others; n the meanwhe
come to my house." Sayng ths, Skata took that Brhman to
hs house, and on the day of the |'s|rddha he showed the Brhman to the
kng, and he approved of hm. Then Ch|n.|akya went and sat at the head
of the tabe durng the |'s|rddha, but a Brhman named Subandhu desred
that post of honour for hmsef. Then |'S|akata went and referred the
matter to kng Nanda, who answered, "Let Subandhu st at the head
of the tabe, no one ese deserves the pace." Then |'S|akata went,
and, humby bowng through fear, communcated that order of the
kng's to Ch|n.|akya, addng, "t s not my faut." Then that Ch|n.|akya,
beng, as t were, nfamed a over wth wrath, undong the ock of har
on the crown of hs head, made ths soemn vow, "Surey ths Nanda must
be destroyed by me wthn seven days, and then my anger beng appeased
I w bnd up my ock." When he had sad ths, Yogananda was
enraged; so Ch|n.|akya escaped unobserved, and |'S|akata gave hm refuge
n hs house. Then beng supped by |'S|akata wth the necessary
nstruments,
that Brhman Ch|n.|akya went somewhere and performed a magc
rte; n consequence of ths rte Yogananda caught a burnng fever, and
ded when the seventh day arrved; and |'S|akata, havng san Nanda's son
Hra|n.|yagupta, bestowed the roya dgnty upon Chandragupta a son of the
prevous Nanda. And after he had requested Ch|n.|akya, equa n abty to
Brhaspat,|*| to be Chandragupta's prme-mnster, and estabshed hm n
the offce, that mnster, consderng that a hs ob|ects had been
accompshed,
as he had wreaked hs vengeance on Yogananda, despondent through
sorrow for the death of hs sons, retred to the forest."|*|
After I had heard ths, O K|n.|abhut, from the mouth of that Brhman,
I became exceedngy affcted, seeng that a thngs are unstabe; and on
account of my affcton I came to vst ths shrne of Durga, and through
her favour havng behed you, O my frend, I have remembered my former
brth.
* Probaby hs foot bed, and so he contracted defement.
* The preceptor of the gods.
* See the Mudr Rkshasa for another verson of ths story. (Wson, Hndu
Theatre, Vo. II.) Wson remarks that the story s aso tod dfferenty n tho
Purnas.
-----Fe: 043.png---------------------------------------------------------
And havng obtaned dvne dscernment I have tod you the great
tae: now as my curse has spent ts strength, I w strve to eave the
body; and do you reman here for the present, unt there comes to you
a Brhman named Gundhya, who has forsaken the use of three anguages,|*|
surrounded wth hs pups, for he ke mysef was cursed by the
goddess n anger, beng an exceent Gana Myavn by name, who for
takng my part has become a morta. To hm you must te ths tae
orgnay tod by Sva, then you sha be devered from your curse, and so
sha he.
Havng sad a ths to Knabht, that Vararuch set forth for the
hoy hermtage of Badark n order to put off hs body. As he was gong
aong he behed on the banks of the Ganges a vegetabe-eatng|*| hermt,
and whe he was ookng on, that hermt's hand was prcked wth ku|/s|a
grass. Then Vararuch turned hs bood, as t fowed out, nto sap|*| through
hs magc power, out of curosty, n order to test hs egotsm; on behodng
that, the hermt excamed, "Ha! I have attaned perfecton;" and so
he became puffed up wth prde. Then Vararuch aughed a tte and sad
to hm, "I turned your bood nto sap n order to test you, because even
now, O hermt, you have not abandoned egotsm. Egotsm s n truth an
obstace n the road to knowedge hard to overcome, and wthout knowedge
beraton cannot be attaned even by a hundred vows. But the pershabe
|oys of Svarga cannot attract the hearts of those who ong for beraton,
therefore, O hermt, endeavour to acqure knowedge by forsakng egotsm."
Havng thus read that hermt a esson, and havng been prased by hm
prostrate n adoraton, Vararuch went to the tranqu ste of the hermtage
of Badar.|*| There he, desrous of puttng off hs morta condton, resorted
for protecton wth ntense devoton to that goddess who ony can protect,
and she manfestng her rea form to hm tod hm the secret of that medtaton
whch arses from fre, to hep hm to put off the body. Then Vararuch
havng consumed hs body by that form of medtaton, reached hs
own heaveny home; and henceforth that Knabhut remaned n the Vndhya
forest eager for hs desred meetng wth Gundhya.
* Sanskrt, Prkrt and hs own natve daect.
* I change Dr. Brockhaus's |/S|ksana nto |/S|k|/s|ana.
* As, accordng to my readng, he ate vegetabes, hs bood was turned nto the
|uce of vegetabes. Dr. Brockhaus transates machte dass das
herausstrmende But zu
Krystaen sch bdete.
* A ceebrated pace of pgrmage near the source of the Ganges, the
Bhadrnath
of modern traveers. (Moner Wams, s. v.)
-----Fe: 044.png---------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER VI.
Then that Myavn wanderng about n the wood n human form,
passng under the name of Gun|d.|hya, havng served the kng Stavhana,
and havng, n accordance wth a vow, abandoned n hs presence the use of
Sanskrt and two other anguages, wth sorrowfu mnd came to pay a vst
to Durg, the dweer n the Vndhya hs; and by her orders he went and
behed K|n.|abht. Then he remembered hs orgn and suddeny, as t
were, awoke from seep; and makng use of the Pa|'s|cha anguage, whch
was dfferent from the three anguages he had sworn to forsake, he sad to
K|n.|abht, after teng hm hs own name; "Oucky te me that tae
whch you heard from Pushpadanta, n order that you and I together,
my frend, may escape from our curse." Hearng that, K|n.|abht bowed
before hm, and sad to hm n |oyfu mood, "I w te you the story, but
great curosty possesses me, my ord, frst te me a your adventures from
your brth, do me ths favour." Thus beng entreated by hm, Gun|d.|hya
proceeded to reate as foows:
In Pratsh|t.|hna|*| there s a cty named Supratsh|t.|hta; n t there
dwet once upon a tme an exceent Brhman named Somsarman, and he,
my frend, had two sons Vatsa and Gumaka, and he had aso born to hm
a thrd chd, a daughter named |'S|rutrth. Now n course of tme, that
Brhman and hs wfe ded, and those two sons of hs remaned takng care
of ther sster. And she suddeny became pregnant. Then Vatsa and
Guma began to suspect one another, because no other man came n ther
sster's way: thereupon |'S|rutrth, who saw what was n ther mnds, sad
to those brothers,--"Do not entertan ev suspcons, sten, I w te you
the truth; there s a prnce of the name of Krtsena, brother's son to
Vsuk, the kng of the Ngas;|*| he saw me when I was gong to bathe,
thereupon he was overcome wth ove, and after teng me hs neage and
hs name, made me hs wfe by the Gndharva marrage; he beongs to the
Brhman race, and t s by hm that I am pregnant." When they heard
ths speech of ther sster's, Vatsa and Guma sad, "What confdence can we
repose n a ths?" Then she senty caed to mnd that Nga prnce,
* Pratsh|t.|hna accordng to Wson s ceebrated as the capta of
|'S|avhana. It
s dentfabe wth Peytan on the Godvar, the Bathana or Pathana of
Ptoemy,--the
capta of Srpoemaos. Wson dentfes ths name wth |'S|avhana, but Dr.
Rost remarks
that Lassen more correcty dentfes t wth that of |'S|r Pumn of the Andhra
dynasty who regned at Pratsh|t.|hna after the overthrow of the house of
Svahan
about 130 A. D.
* Fabuous serpent-demons havng the head of a man wth the ta of a
serpent.--(Moner
Wams, s. v.)
-----Fe: 045.png---------------------------------------------------------
and mmedatey he was thought upon, he came and sad to Vatsa and
Guma, "In truth I have made your sster my wfe, she s a gorous heaveny
nymph faen down to earth n consequence of a curse, and you too
have descended to earth for the same reason, but a son sha wthout fa
be born to your sster here, and then you and she together sha be freed
from your curse." Havng sad ths he dsappeared, and n a few days from
that tme, a son was born to |'S|rutrth; know me my frend as that son.|*|
At that very tme a dvne voce was heard from heaven, "Ths chd that
s born s an ncarnaton of vrtue, and he sha be caed Gun|d.|ya,|*| and s
of the Brhman caste. Thereupon my mother and unces, as ther curse
had spent ts force, ded, and I for my part became nconsoabe. Then I
fung asde my gref, and though a chd I went n the strength of my sef-
reance
to the Deccan to acqure knowedge. Then, havng n course of
tme earned a scences, and become famous, I returned to my natve and
to exhbt my accompshments; and when I entered after a ong absence
nto the cty of Supratsh|t.|hta, surrounded by my dscpes, I saw a
wonderfuy
spendd scene. In one pace chanters were ntonng accordng to
prescrbed custom the hymns of the Sma Veda, n another pace Brhmans
were dsputng about the nterpretaton of the sacred books, n another
pace gambers were prasng gambng n these decetfu words, "Whoever
knows the art of gambng, has a treasure n hs grasp," and n another
pace, n the mdst of a knot of merchants, who were takng to one another
about ther sk n the art of makng money, a certan merchant spoke as
foows:
Story of the Mouse-merchant.
It s not very wonderfu that a
thrfty man shoud acqure weath by
weath; but I ong ago acheved prosperty wthout any weath to start
wth. My father ded before I was born, and then my mother was deprved
by wcked reatons of a she possessed. Then she fed through fear of
them, watchng over the safety of her unborn chd, and dwet n the house
of Kumradatta a frend of my father's, and there the vrtuous woman gave
brth to me, who was destned to be the means of her future mantenance;
and so she reared me up by performng mena drudgery. And as
she was so poor, she persuaded a teacher by way of charty to gve me some
nstructon n wrtng and cpherng. Then she sad to me, "You are the
son of a merchant, so you must now engage n trade, and there s a very
rch merchant n ths country caed V|'s|kha; he s n the habt of endng
capta to poor men of good famy, go and entreat hm to gve you
somethng to start wth." Then I went to hs house, and he at the very
moment I entered, sad n a rage to some merchant's son; "you see ths
* It seems to me that tvam n Dr. Brockhaus' text must be a msprnt fur tam.
* I. e., rch n vrtues, and good quates.
-----Fe: 046.png---------------------------------------------------------
dead mouse here upon the foor, even that s a commodty by whch a capabe
man woud acqure weath, but I gave you, you good-for-nothng feow,
many dnrs,|*| and so far from ncreasng them, you have not even been
abe to preserve what you got." When I heard that, I suddeny sad to
that Vs|'s|kha, "I hereby take from you that mouse as capta advanced;"
sayng ths I took the mouse up n my hand, and wrote hm a recept for
t, whch he put n hs strong box, and off I went. The merchant for hs
part burst out aughng. We, I sod that mouse to a certan merchant
as cat's-meat for two handfus of gram, then I ground up that gram, and
takng a ptcher of water, I went and stood on the cross-road n a shady
pace, outsde the cty; there I offered wth the utmost cvty the water
and gram to a band of wood-cutters;|*| every wood-cutter gave me as a
token of grattude two peces of wood; and I took those peces of wood
and sod them n the market; then for a sma part of the prce whch I
got for them, I bought a second suppy of gram, and n the same way on a
second day I obtaned wood from the wood-cutters. Dong ths every day
I graduay acqured capta, and I bought from those wood-cutters a
ther wood for three days. Then suddeny there befe a dearth of wood
on account of heavy rans, and I sod that wood for many hundred pa|n.|as,
wth that weath I set up a shop, and engagng n traffc, I have become a
very weathy man by my own abty. Then I made a mouse of god, and
gave t to that V|'s|kha, then he gave me hs daughter; and n consequence
of my hstory I am known n the word by the name of Mouse. So
wthout a con n the word I acqured ths prosperty. A the other merchants
then, when they heard ths story, were astonshed. How can the
mnd hep beng amazed at pctures wthout was?|*|
Story of the chanter of the Sma Veda.
In another pace a Brhman who
had got eght god mshas as a present,
a chanter of the Sma Veda, receved the foowng pece of advce
from a man who was a bt of a rou, "You get enough to ve upon by
your poston as a Brhman, so you ought now to empoy ths god for the
purpose of earnng the way of the word n order that you may become a
knowng feow." The foo sad "Who w teach me?" Thereupon the
rou sad to hm, "Ths ady|*| named Chaturk, go to her house." The
* From the Greek dnaron = denarus. (Moner Wams s. v.) Dramma = Gr.
drachm s used n the Panchatantra; sec Dr. B|:u|her's Notes to Panchatantra,
IV and
V, Note on P. 40,1. 3.
* Lteray wood-carrers.
* He had made money wthout capta, so hs achevements arc compared to
pctures
suspended n the ar?
* hetara.
-----Fe: 047.png---------------------------------------------------------
Brhman sad, "What am I to do there"? The rou reped--"Gve her
god, and n order to pease her make use of some sma."|*| When he heard
ths, the chanter went qucky to the house of Chaturk; when he entered,
the ady advanced to meet hm and he took a seat. Then that Brhman
gave her the god and fatered out the request, "Teach me now for ths fee
the way of the word." Thereupon the peope who were there began to
ttter, and he, after refectng a tte, puttng hs hands together n the
shape of a cow's ear, so that they formed a knd of ppe, began, ke a
stupd dot, to chant wth a shr sound the Sma Veda, so that a the
rous n the house came together to see the fun; and they sad "Whence
has ths |acka bundered n here? Come, et us qucky gve hm the
haf-moon|*| on hs throat." Thereupon the Brhman supposng that the
haf-moon meant an arrow wth a head of that shape, and afrad of havng
hs head cut off, rushed out of the house, beowng out, "I have earnt the
way of the word;" then he went to the man who had sent hm, and tod
hm the whoe story. He reped "when I tod you to use sma, I meant
coaxng and wheedng; what s the proprety of ntroducng the Veda n a
matter of ths knd? The fact s, I suppose, that stupdty s engraned
n a man who muddes hs head wth the Vedas?" So he spoke, burstng
wth aughter a the whe, and went off to the ady's house, and sad to
her, "Gve back to that two-egged cow hs god-fodder." So she aughng
gave back the money, and when the Brhman got t, be went back to hs
house as happy as f he had been born agan.
Wtnessng strange scenes of ths knd at every step, I reached the
paace of the kng whch was ke the court of Indra. And then I
entered t, wth my pups gong before to herad my arrva, and
saw the kng Stavhana sttng n hs ha of audence upon a
|eweed throne, surrounded by hs mnsters, |'S|arvavarman and hs
coeagues, as Indra s by the gods. After I had bessed hm and
had taken a seat, and had been honoured by the kng, |'S|arvavarman and the
other mnsters prased me n the foowng words, "Ths man, O kng, s
famous upon the earth as sked n a ore, and therefore hs name
Gu|n.||d.|hya|*|
s a true ndex of hs nature." Stavhana hearng me prased n
ths stye by hs mnsters, was peased wth me and mmedatey entertaned
me honouraby, and apponted me to the offce of Mnster. Then I
marred a wfe, and ved there comfortaby, ookng after the kng's affars
and nstructng my pups.
* The vta or rou meant "concaton" but the chanter of the Sma Veda took
t to mean "hymn."
* I. e., seze hm wth curved hand, and fng hm out neck and crop. The
Precentor
supposed them to mean a crescent-headed arrow.
* I.e., rch n accompshments.
-----Fe: 048.png---------------------------------------------------------
Once, as I was roamng about at esure on the banks of the Godvar
out of curosty, I behed a garden caed Devk|r.|t, and seeng that t was
an exceedngy peasant garden, ke an earthy Nandana,|*| I asked the
gardener how t came there, and he sad to me, "My ord, accordng to the
story whch we hear from od peope, ong ago there came here a certan
Brhman who observed a vow of sence and abstaned from food, he made
ths heaveny garden wth a tempe; then a the Brhmans assembed here
out of curosty, and that Brhman beng persstenty asked by them tod
hs hstory. There s n ths and a provnce caed Vakakachchha on the
banks of the Narmad, n that dstrct I was born as a Brhman, and n
former tmes no one gave me ams, as I was azy as we as poor; then n
a ft of annoyance I qutted my house beng dsgusted wth fe, and
wanderng round the hoy paces, I came to vst the shrne of Durg the
dweer n the Vndhya hs, and havng behed that goddess, I refected,
'Peope proptate wth anma offerngs ths gver of boons, but I w
say mysef here, stupd beast that I am.' Havng formed ths resove, I
took n hand a sword to cut off my head. Immedatey that goddess beng
proptous, hersef sad to me, 'Son, thou art perfected, do not say thysef,
reman near me;' thus I obtaned a boon from the goddess and attaned
dvne nature; from that day forth my hunger and thrst dsappeared; then
once on a tme, as I was remanng there, that goddess hersef sad to me,
'Go, my son, and pant n Pratsh|t.|hna a gorous garden;' thus speakng,
she gave me, wth her own hands, heaveny seed; thereupon I came here
and made ths beautfu garden by means of her power; and ths garden
you must keep n good order. Havng sad ths, he dsappeared. In ths
way ths garden was made by the goddess ong ago, my ord." When I
had heard from the gardener ths sgna manfestaton of the favour of the
goddess, I went home penetrated wth wonder.
The story of Stavhana.
When Gun|d.|hya had sad ths,
K|n.|abht asked, "Why, my ord,
was the kng caed Stavhana?" Then Gun|d.|hya sad, Lsten, I w te
you the reason. There was a kng of great power named Dvpkar|n.|.
He had a wfe named |'S|aktmat, whom he vaued more than fe, and once
upon a tme a snake bt her as she was seepng n the garden. Thereupon
she ded, and that kng thnkng ony of her, though he had no son, took
a vow of perpetua chastty. Then once upon a tme the god of the moony
crest sad to hm n a dream--"Whe wanderng n the forest thou shat
behod a boy mounted on a on, take hm and go home, he sha be thy
son." Then the kng woke up, and re|oced rememberng that dream, and
one day n hs passon for the chase he went to a dstant wood; there n
the mdde of the day that kng behed on the bank of a otus-ake a boy
* Indra's peasure-ground or Eysum.
-----Fe: 049.png---------------------------------------------------------
spendd as the sun, rdng on a on; the on desrng to drnk water set
down the boy, and then the k|.n|g|**ooks ke a dot over the "n" but may be
prnter error?| rememberng hs dream sew t wth one
arrow. The creature thereupon abandoned the form of a on, and suddeny
assumed the shape of a man; the kng excamed, "Aas! what means
ths? te me!" and then the man answered hm--"O kng, I am a Yaksha
of the name of Sta, an attendant upon the god of weath; ong ago
I behed the daughter of a |R.|sh bathng n the Ganges; she too, when she
behed me, fet ove arse n her breast, ke mysef: then I made her my
wfe by the Gndharva form of marrage; and her reatves, fndng t out,
n ther anger cursed me and her, sayng, "You two wcked ones, dong
what s rght n your own eyes, sha become ons." The hermt-fok
apponted that her curse shoud end when she gave brth to offsprng, and
that mne shoud contnue onger, unt I was san by thee wth an arrow.
So we became a par of ons; she n course of tme became pregnant, and
then ded after ths boy was born, but I brought hm up on the mk of
other onesses, and o! to-day I am reeased from my curse havng been
smtten by thee wth an arrow. Therefore receve ths nobe son whch I
gve thee, for ths thng was foretod ong ago by those hermt-fok."
Havng sad ths that Guhyaka named Sta dsappeared,|*| and the kng
takng the boy went home; and because be had rdden upon Sta he gave
the boy the name of Stavhana, and n course of tme he estabshed
hm n hs kngdom. Then, when that kng Dvpkarn went to the forest,
ths Stavhana became soveregn of the whoe earth.
Havng sad ths n the mdde of hs tae n answer to K|n.|abht's
queston, the wse Gun|d.|hya agan caed to mnd and went on wth the
man thread of hs narratve. Then once upon a tme, n the sprng
festva that kng Stavhana went to vst the garden made by the goddess,
of whch I spake before. He roamed there for a ong tme ke
Indra n the garden of Nandana, and descended nto the water of the ake to
amuse hmsef n company wth hs wves. There he sprnked hs beoved
ones sportvey wth water fung by hs hands, and was sprnked by them
n return ke an eephant by ts femaes. Hs wves wth faces, the eyes
of whch were sghty reddened by the coyrum washed nto them, and
whch were streamng wth water, and wth bodes the proportons of
whch were reveaed by ther cngng garments, peted hm vgorousy;
and as the wnd strps the creepers n the forest of eaves and fowers, so
he made hs far ones who fed nto the ad|onng shrubbery ose the marks
on ther foreheads|*| and ther ornaments. Then one of hs queens tardy
* Guhyaka here synonymous wth Yaksha. The Guhyakas ke the Yakshas are
attendants upon Kuvera the god of weath.
* The taka a mark made upon the forehead or between the eyebrows wth
cooured earths, sanda-wood, &c., servng as an ornament or a sectara
dstncton.
Moner Wams s. v.
-----Fe: 050.png---------------------------------------------------------
wth the weght of her breasts, wth body tender as a |'s|rsha fower, became
exhausted wth the amusement; she not beng abe to endure more,
sad to the kng who was sprnkng her wth water,--"do not pet me
wth water-drops;" on hearng that, the kng qucky had some sweetmeats|*|
brought; then the queen burst out aughng and sad agan--"kng,
what do we want wth sweetmeats n the water? For I sad to you, do
not sprnke me wth water-drops. Do you not even understand the
coaescence of the words m and udaka, and do you not know that chapter
of the grammar,--how can you be such a bockhead?" When the queen, who
knew grammatca treatses, sad ths to hm, and the attendants aughed,
the kng was at once overpowered wth secret shame; he eft off rompng
n the water and mmedatey entered hs own paace unperceved, crest-faen,
and fu of sef-contempt. Then he remaned ost n thought,
bewdered, averse to food and other en|oyments, and, ke a pcture,
even when asked a queston, he answered nothng. Thnkng that
hs ony resource was to acqure earnng or de, he fung hmsef down on
a couch, and remaned n an agony of gref. Then a the kng's attendants,
seeng that he had suddeny faen nto such a state, were uttery
besde themseves to thnk what t coud mean. Then I and |'S|arvavarman
came at ast to hear of the kng's condton, and by that tme the day
was amost at an end. So percevng that the kng was st n an unsatsfactory
condton, we mmedatey summoned a servant of the kng
named R|ahansa. And he when asked by us about the state of the kng's
heath, sad ths--"I never before n my fe saw the kng n such a state
of depresson: and the other queens tod me wth much ndgnaton that
he had been humated to-day by that superfca bue-stockng, the daughter
of Vsh|n.|u|'s|akt." When |'S|arvavarman and I had heard ths from the
mouth of the kng's servant, we fe nto a state of despondency, and thus
refected n our demma; "If the kng were affcted wth body dsease,
we mght ntroduce the physcans, but f hs dsease s menta t s mpossbe
to fnd the cause of t. For there s no enemy n hs country
the thorns of whch are destroyed, and these sub|ects are attached to hm;
no dearth of any knd s to be seen; so how can ths sudden meanchoy of
the kng's have arsen?" After we had debated to ths effect, the wse
|'S|arvavarman sad as foows--"I know the cause, ths kng s dstressed by
sorrow for hs own gnorance, for he s aways expressng a desre for
cuture, sayng 'I am a bockhead;' I ong ago detected ths desre of hs,
and we have heard that the occason of the present ft s hs havng been
humated by the queen." Thus we debated wth one another and after
* The negatve partce m coaesces wth udakah (the pura nstrumenta case
of udaka) nto modakah, and modakah (the snge word) means "wth
sweetmeats."
-----Fe: 051.png---------------------------------------------------------
we had passed that nght, n the mornng we went to the prvate apartments
of the soveregn. There, though strct orders had been gven that
no one was to enter, I managed to get n wth dffcuty, and after me
|'S|arvavarman spped n qucky. I then sat down near the kng and asked
hm ths queston--"Why, O kng, art thou wthout cause thus despondent?"
Though he heard ths, Stavhana nevertheess remaned sent,
and then |'S|arvavarman uttered ths extraordnary speech, "Kng, thou
ddst ong ago say to me, 'Make me a earned man.' Thnkng upon
that I empoyed ast nght a charm to produce a dream.|*| Then I saw n
my dream a otus faen from heaven, and t was opened by some heaveny
youth, and out of t came a dvne woman n whte garments, and mmedatey,
O kng, she entered thy mouth. When I had seen so much I
woke up, and I thnk wthout doubt that the woman who vsby entered
thy mouth was Sarasvat. As soon as |'S|arvavarman had n these terms
descrbed hs dream, the kng broke hs sence and sad to me wth the
utmost earnestness,--"In how short a tme can a man, who s dgenty
taught, acqure earnng? Te me ths. For wthout earnng a ths
rega spendour has no charms for me. What s the use of rank and power
to a bockhead? They are ke ornaments on a og of wood." Then I
sad, "Kng, t s nvaraby the case that t takes men tweve years to
earn grammar, the gate to a knowedge. But I, my soveregn, w
teach t you n sx years." When he heard that, |'S|arvavarman suddeny
excamed n a ft of |eaousy--"How can a man accustomed to en|oyment
endure hardshp for so ong? So I w teach you grammar, my
prnce, n sx months." When I heard ths promse whch t seemed
mpossbe to make good, I sad to hm n a rage, "If you teach the kng
n sx months, I renounce at once and for ever Sansk|r.|t, Prak|r.|t, and the
vernacuar daect, these three anguages whch pass current among men;|*|
then |'S|arvavarman sad--"And f I do not do ths, I |'S|arvavarman, w
carry your shoes on my head for tweve years." Havng sad ths he went
out; I too went home; and the kng for hs part was comforted, expectng
that he woud attan hs ob|ect by means of one of us two. Now |'S|arvavarman
beng n a demma, seeng that hs promse was one very dffcut
to perform, and regrettng what he had done, tod the whoe story to hs
wfe, and she greved to hear t sad to hm, "My ord, n ths dffcuty
there s no way of escape for you except the favour of the Lord Krtkeya.|*|
"It s so," sad |'S|arvavarman and determned to mpore t. Accord-*
* So expaned by Bhtngk and Roth s. v. cp. Taranga 72 s. 103.
* He afterwards earns to speak n the anguage of the P|'s|chas, gobns, or
ogres.
* Caed aso Kumra. Ths was no doubt ndcated by the Kumra or boy, who
opened the otus.
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*ngy n the ast watch of the nght, |'S|arvavarman set out fastng for the
shrne of the god. Now I came to hear of t by means of my secret emssares,
and n the mornng I tod the kng of t; and he, when he heard t,
wondered what woud happen. Then a trusty R|pt caed Snhagupta
sad to hm, "When I heard, O kng, that thou wast affcted I was sezed
wth great despondency. Then I went out of ths cty, and was preparng
to cut off my own head before the goddess Durg n order to ensure thy
happness. Then a voce from heaven forbade me, sayng, 'Do not so, the
kng's wsh sha be fufed.' Therefore, I beeve, thou art sure of success."
When he had sad ths, that Snhagupta took eave of the kng, and
rapdy despatched two emssares after |'S|arvavarman; who feedng ony on
ar, observng a vow of sence, steadfast n resouton, reached at ast the
shrne of the Lord Krtkeya. There, peased wth hs penance that spared
not the body, Krtkeya favoured hm accordng to hs desre; then the
two spes sent by Snhagupta came nto the kng's presence and reported
the mnster's success. On hearng that news the kng was deghted and
I was despondent, as the ch|t.|aka |oys, and the swan greves, on seeng the
coud.|*| Then |'S|arvavarman arrved successfu by the favour of Krtkeya,
and communcated to the kng a the scences, whch presented themseves
to hm on hs thnkng of them. And mmedatey they were reveaed to
the kng Stavhana. For what cannot the grace of the Supreme Lord
accompsh? Then the kngdom re|oced on hearng that the kng had
thus obtaned a knowedge, and there was hgh festva kept throughout
t; and that moment banners were faunted from every house, and beng
fanned by the wnd, seemed to dance. Then |'S|arvavarman was honoured
wth abundance of |ewes ft for a kng by the soveregn, who bowed humby
before hm, cang hm hs sprtua preceptor, and he was made governor
of the terrtory caed Vakakachchha, whch es aong the bank of the Narmad.
The kng beng hghy peased wth that R|pt Snhagupta, who
frst heard by the mouth of hs spes, that the boon had been obtaned from
the sx-faced god,|*| made hm equa to hmsef n spendour and power.
And that queen too, the daughter of Vsh|n.|u|'s|akt, who was the cause of hs
acqurng earnng, be exated at one bound above a the queens, through
affecton anontng|*| her wth hs own hand.
* The ch|t.|aka ves on ran-drops, but the poor swan has to take a ong
|ourney
to the Mnasa ake beyond the snowy hs, at the approach of the rany season.
* Krtkeya.
* More teray sprnkng her wth water.
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CHAPTER VII.
Then, havng taken a vow of sence, I came nto the presence of the
soveregn, and there a certan Brhman rected a |'s|oka he had composed,
and the kng hmsef addressed hm correcty n the Sansk|r.|t anguage;
and the peope who were present n court were deghted when they
wtnessed that. Then the kng sad deferentay to |'S|arvavarman--"Te
me thysef after what fashon the god shewed thee favour." Hearng that,
|'S|arvavarman proceeded to reate to the kng the whoe story of Krtkeya's
favourabe acceptance of hm.
"I went, O kng, on that occason fastng and sent from ths pace, so
when the |ourney came to an end, beng very despondent, and emacated
wth my severe austertes, worn out I fe senseess on the ground. Then,
I remember, a man wth a spear n hs hand came and sad to me n dstnct
accents, 'Rse up, my son, everythng sha turn out favouraby for thee.'
By that speech I was, as t were, mmedatey bedewed wth a shower of
nectar, and I woke up, and seemed free from hunger and thrst and n good
ease. Then I approached the neghbourhood of the god's tempe, overpowered
wth the weght of my devoton, and after bathng I entered the
nner shrne of the god n a state of agtated suspense. Then that Lord
Skanda|*| gave me a sght of hmsef wthn, and thereupon Sarasvat n
vsbe shape entered my mouth. So that hoy god, manfested before me,
rected the stra begnnng 'the tradtona doctrne of etters.' On
hearng that, I, wth the evty whch s so natura to manknd, guessed the
next stra and uttered t mysef. Then that god sad to me, 'f thou
hadst not uttered t thysef, ths grammatca treatse woud have suppanted
that of Pa|n.|n. As t s, on account of ts concseness, t sha be caed
Ktantra, and Kpaka, from the ta (kapa) of the peacock on whch I
rde.' Havng sad ths, that god hmsef n vsbe form reveaed to me
that new and short grammar,|*| and then added ths besdes; 'That kng
of thne n a former brth was hmsef a hoy sage, a pup of the hermt
Bharadv|a, named Krsh|n.|a, great n austerty: and he, havng behed a
* Skanda s another name of Krtkeya.
* Ths grammar s extensvey n use n the eastern parts of Benga. Tho rues
are attrbuted to |'S|arvavarm, by the nspraton of Krtkeya, as narrated n
the text.
The v|r.|tt or goss s the work of Durg Sngh and that agan s commented on
by
Trochana Dsa and Kavr|a. Vararuch s the supposed author of an
ustraton of
the Con|ugatons and Srpat Varm of a Suppement. Other Commentares are
attrbuted
to Gop Ntha, Kua Chandra and V|'s|ve|'s|vara. (Note n Wson's Essays, Vo.
I. p. 183.)
0
-----Fe: 054.png---------------------------------------------------------
hermt's daughter who oved hm n return, suddeny fet the smart of the
wound whch the shaft of the fowery-arrowed god nfcts. So, havng
been cursed by the hermts, he has now become ncarnate here, and that
hermt's daughter has become ncarnate as hs queen.
So ths kng Stavhana, beng an ncarnaton of a hoy sage,|*| when
he behods thee, w attan a knowedge of a the scences accordng to thy
wsh. For the hghest matters are easy acqured by great-soued ones,
havng been earnt n a former brth, the rea truth of them beng recaed
by ther powerfu memores.'|*| When the god had sad ths, he dsappeared,
and I went out, and there grans of rce were presented me by the god's
servants. Then I proceeded to return, O kng, and wonderfu to say,
though I consumed those grans on my |ourney day after day, they remaned
as numerous as ever." When he had reated hs adventure, |'S|arvavarman
ceased speakng, and kng Stavhana n cheerfu mood rose up and went
to bathe.
Then I, beng excuded from busness by my vow of sence, took eave,
wth a ow bow ony, of that kng who was very averse to part wth me,
and went out of that town, accompaned by ony two dscpes, and, wth
my mnd bent on the performance of austertes, came to vst the shrne of
the dweer n the Vndhya hs, and havng been drected by the goddess
n a dream to vst thee, I entered for that purpose ths terrbe Vndhya
forest. A hnt gven by a Punda enabed me to fnd a caravan, and so
somehow or other, by the speca favour of destny, I managed to arrve
here, and behed ths host of P|'s|chas, and by hearng from a dstance ther
conversaton wth one another, I have contrved to earn ths Pa|'s|cha
anguage,
whch has enabed me to break my vow of sence; 1 then made use
of t to ask after you, and, hearng that you had gone to U||ayn, I wated
here unt your return; on behodng you I wecomed you n the fourth
anguage, (the speech of the P|'s|chas), and then I caed to mnd my orgn;
ths s the story of my adventures n ths brth.
When Gu|n.|dhya had sad ths, K|n.|abht sad to hm,--"hear, how
your arrva was made known to me ast nght. I have a frend, a Rkshasa
of the name of Bhtvarman, who possesses heaveny nsght; and I
went to a garden n U||ayn, where he resdes. On my askng hm when
my own curse woud come to an end, he sad, we have no power n the
day, wat, and I w te you at nght. I consented and when nght came
on, I asked hm earnesty the reason why gobns|*| deghted n dsportng
* |R.|shs.
* Sanskra means tendency produced by some past nfuence, often works n a
former brth.
* For the dea cp. Shakespear, Hamet, Act I. Sc. 1. (towards the end) and
numerous
other passages n the same author.
-----Fe: 055.png---------------------------------------------------------
themseves then, as they were dong. Then Bh|'u|tvarman sad to me,
'Lsten, I w reate what I heard |'S|va say n a conversaton wth Brahm|'a|,
R|'a|kshasas, Yakshas, and P|'s||'a|chas have no power n the day, beng dazed
wth the brghtness of the sun, therefore they deght n the nght. And
where the gods are not worshpped, and the Br|'a|hmans, n due form, and
where men eat contrary to the hoy aw, there aso they have power.
Where there s a man who abstans from fesh, or a vrtuous woman, there
they do not go. They never attack chaste men, heroes, and men awake.'*
When he sad ths on that occason Bh|'u|tvarman contnued, 'Go,for
Gu|n.||'a||d.|hya
has arrved, the destned means of thy reease from the curse.' So
hearng ths, I have come, and I have seen thee, my ord; now I w
reate to thee that tae whch Pushpadanta tod; but I fee curosty on
one pont; te me why he was caed Pushpadanta and thou M|'a|yav|'a|n."
Story of Pushpadanta
Hearng ths queston from K|'a||n.|abh|'u|t, Gu|n.||'a||d.|hya sad to hm. On
the
bank of the Ganges there s a dstrct
granted to Br|'a|hmans by roya
charter, named Bahusuvar|n.|aka, and there ved there a very earned
Br|'a|hman
named Govndadatta, and he had a wfe Agndatt|'a| who was devoted
to her husband. In course of tme that Br|'a|hman had fve sons by her.
And they, beng handsome but stupd, grew up nsoent feows. Then a
guest came to the house of Govndadatta, a Br|'a|hman Va|'s|v|'a|nara by
name,
ke a second god of fre.** As Govndadatta was away from home when
he arrved, he came and sauted hs sons, and they ony responded to hs
saute wth a augh; then that Br|'a|hman n a rage prepared to depart from
hs house. Whe he was n ths state of wrath Govndadatta came, and
asked the cause, and dd hs best to appease hm, but the exceent Brhman
nevertheess spoke as foows--"Your sons have become outcasts, as
beng bockheads, and you have ost caste by assocatng wth them, therefore
I w not eat n your house; f I dd so, I shoud not be abe to purfy
mysef by any expatory ceremony." Then Govndadatta sad to hm wth
an oath, "I w never even touch these wcked sons of mne." Hs hosptabe
wfe aso came and sad the same to her guest; then Va|'s|v|'a|nara
was wth dffcuty nduced to accept ther hosptaty. One of Gurudatta's
sons, named Devadatta, when he saw that, was greved at hs father's
sternness, and thnkng a fe of no vaue whch was thus branded by hs
parents, went n a state of despondency to the hermtage of Badark|'a| to
perform penance; there he frst ate eaves, and afterwards he fed ony on
smoke, perseverng n a ong course of austertes n order to proptate the
husband of Uma***. So |'S|ambhu***, won over by hs severe austertes, man-
*
* Brockhaus renders t Fromme, Heden and Wese.
** Va|'s|v|'a|nara s an epthet of Agn or Fre.
*** |'S|va.
-----Fe: 056.png---------------------------------------------------------
*fested hmsef to hm, and he craved a boon from the god, that he mght
ever attend upon hm. |'S|ambhu thus commanded hm--"Acqure earnng,
and en|oy peasures on the earth, and after that thou shat attan a
thy desre." Then he, eager for earnng, went to the cty of Ptaputra,
and accordng to custom wated on an nstructor named Vedakumbha.
When he was there, the wfe of hs preceptor dstracted by passon, whch
had arsen n her heart, made voent ove to hm; aas! the fances of
women are ever nconstant! Accordngy Devadatta eft that pace, as hs
studes had been thus nterfered wth by the god of ove, and went to
Pratshthna
wth unweared zea. There he repared to an od preceptor
named Mantrasvmn, wth an od wfe, and acqured a perfect knowedge of
the scences. And after he had acqured earnng, the daughter of the
kng Su|'s|arman, |'S|r by name, cast eyes upon the handsome youth, as the
goddess |'S|r upon Vshnu. He aso behed that maden at a wndow, ookng
ke the presdng goddess of the moon, roamng through the ar n a
magc charot. Those two were, as t were, fastened together by that ook
whch was the chan of ove, and were unabe to separate. The kng's
daughter made hm a sgn to come near wth one fnger, ookng ke Love's
command n feshy form. Then he came near her, and she came out of
the women's apartments, and took wth her teeth a fower and threw t
down to hm. He, not understandng ths mysterous sgn made by the
prncess, puzzed as to what he ought to do, went home to hs preceptor.
There he roed on the ground unabe to utter a word, beng consumed
wthn wth burnng pan, ke one dumb and dstracted; hs wse preceptor
guessng what was the matter by these ove-symptoms, artfuy questoned
hm, and at ast he was wth dffcuty persuaded to te the whoe
story. Then the cever preceptor guessed the rdde, and sad to hm,|*|
"By ettng drop a fower wth her tooth she made a sgn to you, that you
were to go to ths tempe rch n fowers caed Pushpadanta, and wat there:
so you had better go now." When he heard ths and knew the meanng of
the sgn, the youth forgot hs gref. Then he went nto that tempe and
remaned there. The prncess on her part aso went there, gvng as an
excuse that t was the eghth day of the month, and then entered the nner
shrne n order to present hersef aone before the god; then she touched
her over who was behnd the pane of the door, and he suddeny sprngng
up threw hs arms round her neck. She excamed, "ths s strange; how
dd you guess the meanng of that sgn of mne?" He reped, "t was my
preceptor that found t out, not I." Then the prncess few nto a passon
and sad, "Let me go, you are a dot," and mmedatey rushed out of the
tempe, fearng that her secret woud be dscovered. Devadatta on hs part
went away, and thnkng n sotude on hs beoved, who was no sooner seen
* Cp. the 1st story n the Veta Panchavn|'s|at, Chapter 75 of ths work.
-----Fe: 057.png---------------------------------------------------------
than ost to hs eyes, was n such a state that the taper of hs fe was we
ngh meted away n the fre of bereavement. |'S|va, who had been before
proptated by hm, commanded an attendant of hs, of the name of
Pancha|'s|kha,
to procure for hm the desre of hs heart. That exceent Ga|n.|a
thereupon came, and consoed hm, and caused hm to assume the dress of
a woman, and he hmsef wore the sembance of an aged Brhman. Then that
worthy Ga|n.|a went wth hm to kng Su|'s|arman the father of that brght-eyed
one, and sad to hm; "My son has been sent away somewhere, I go
to seek hm: accordngy I depost wth thee ths daughter-n-aw of mne,
keep her safey, O kng." Hearng that, kng Su|'s|arman afrad of a
Br|'a|hman's
curse, took the young man and paced hm n hs daughter's guarded
serago, supposng hm to be a woman. Then after the departure of
Pancha|'s|kha,
the Br|'a|hman dwet n woman's cothes n the serago of hs beoved,
and became her trusted confdante. Once on a tme the prncess was fu
of regretfu ongng at nght, so he dscovered hmsef to her and secrety
marred her by the Gndharva form of marrage. And when she became
pregnant, that exceent Ga|n.|a came on hs thnkng of hm ony, and carred
hm away at nght wthout ts beng perceved. Then he qucky rent
off from the young man hs woman's dress, and n the mornng Pancha|'s|kha
resumed the sembance of.a Brhman; and gong wth the young man to
the kng Su|'s|arman he sad; "O kng, I have ths day found my son: so
gve me back my daughter-n-aw." Then the kng, supposng that she had
fed somewhere at nght, aarmed at the prospect of beng cursed by the
Br|'a|hman, sad ths to hs mnsters. "Ths s no Br|'a|hman, ths s some god
come to deceve me, for such thngs often happen n ths word.
Story of kng |'S|v
So n former tmes there was
a kng named |'S|v, sef-denyng,
compassonate, generous, resoute, the protector of a creatures; and n
order to begue hm Indra assumed the shape of a hawk, and swfty pursued
Dharma,* who by magc had transformed hmsef nto a dove. The
dove n terror went and took refuge n the bosom of |'S|v. Then the hawk
addressed the kng wth a human voce; 'O kng, ths s my natura food,
surrender the dove to me, for I am hungry. Know that my death w
mmedatey foow f you refuse my prayer; n that case where w be
your rghteousness?' Then |'S|v sad to the god,--'ths creature has fed to
me for protecton, and I cannot abandon t, therefore I w gve you an
equa weght of some other knd of fesh.' The hawk sad, 'f ths be so, then
gve me your own fesh.' The kng, deghted, consented to do so. But as fast
as he cut off hs fesh and threw t on the scae, the dove seemed to wegh
more and more n the baance. Then the kng threw hs whoe body on
to the scae, and thereupon a ceesta voce was heard, ' We done! ths
* Tho god of |ustce.
-----Fe: 058.png---------------------------------------------------------
s equa n weght to the dove.' Then Indra and Dharma abandoned the
form of hawk and dove, and beng hghy peased restored the body of kng
|'S|v whoe as before, and, after bestowng on hm many other bessngs,
they both dsappeared. In the same way ths Brhman s some god that
has come to prove me."*
Havng sad ths to hs mnsters, that kng Su|'s|arman of hs own
moton sad to that exceent Ga|n.|a that had assumed the form of a Brhman,
prostratng hmsef before hm n fear, " Spare me; that daughter-n-aw
of thne was carred off ast nght. She has been taken somewhere
or other by mage arts, though guarded nght and day." Then the Ga|n.|a,
who had assumed the Brhman's sembance, pretendng to be wth dffcuty
won over to pty hm, sad, "If ths be so, kng, gve thy daughter n
marrage to my son." When he heard ths, the kng afrad of beng cursed,
gave hs own daughter to Devadatta: then Pancha|'s|kha departed. Then
Devadatta havng recovered hs beoved, and that n an open manner,
fourshed n the power and spendour of hs father-n-aw who had no son
but hm. And n course of tme Su|'s|arman anonted the son of hs daughter
by Devadatta, Mahdhara by name, as successor n hs room, and retred
to the forest. Then havng seen the prosperty of hs son, Devadatta consdered
that he had attaned a hs ob|ects, and he too wth the prncess
retred to the forest. There he agan proptated |'S|va, and havng ad
asde hs morta body, by the speca favour of the god he attaned the
poston of a Ga|n.|a. Because he dd not understand the sgn gven by the
fower dropped from the tooth of hs beoved, therefore he became known
by the name of Pushpadanta n the assemby of the Ga|n.|as. And hs wfe
became a door-keeper n the house of the goddess, under the name of |ay:
ths s how he came to be caed Pushpadanta: now hear the orgn of my
name.
Long ago I was a son of that same Brhman caed Govndadatta the
father of Devadatta, and my name was Somadatta. I eft my home ndgnant
for the same reason as Devadatta, and I performed austertes on the
Hmaya contnuay strvng to proptate |'S|va wth offerngs of many
garands. The god of the moony crest, beng peased, reveaed hmsef to
me n the same way as he dd to my brother, and I chose the prvege of
attendng upon hm as a Ga|n.|a, not beng desrous of ower peasures. The
husband of the daughter of the mountan, that mghty god, thus addressed
* Benfey consders ths story as Buddhstc n ts orgn. In the "Memores Sur
es Contrees Oeedentaes traduts du Sanscrt par Houen Thsang et du Chnos
par
Stansas |uen" we are expressy tod that Gautama Buddha gave hs fesh to
the hawk
as |'S|v n a former state of exstence. It s tod of many other persons, see
Benfey'a
Pancnatantra, Vo. I, p. 388, cp. aso Campbe's West Hghand Taes, p. 239,
Vo. I,
Tae XVI.
-----Fe: 059.png---------------------------------------------------------
me; "Because I have been worshpped by thee wth garands of fowers
growng n trackess forest-regons, brought wth thy own hand, therefore
thou shat be one of my Ga|n.|as, and shat bear the name of Myavn."
Then I cast off my morta frame, and mmedatey attaned the hoy state
of an attendant on the god. And so my name of Myavn was bestowed
upon me by hm who wears the burden of the matted ocks,|*| as a mark of
hs speca favour. And I, that very Myavn, have once more, O K|n.|abht,
been degraded to the state of a morta, as thou seest, owng to the
curse of the daughter of the mountan, therefore do thou now te me the
tae tod by |'S|va, n order that the state of curse of both of us may cease.
Note to Chapter VII.
"Rakshasas, Yakshas, and P|'s|chas have no power n the day, beng
dazed wth the brghtness of the sun therefore they deght n the nght."
Farmer commentng on Hamet, Act I, Sc. I, 150, quotes the foowng
nes of Prudentus Ad Gacnum. Ferunt vagantes dmonas,
Ltos tenebrs noctum, Gao canente exterrtos, Sparsm tmere et cedere.
Hoc esse sgnum prsc Norunt repromss spe, Oua nos sopors ber
Speramus adventum De. Douce quotes from another hymn sad to have
been composed by Sant Ambrose and formery used n the Sasbury
servce. Prco de |am sonat, Nocts profund pervg; Nocturna ux
vantbus, A nocte noctem segregans. Hoc exctatus Lucfer Sovt poum
cagne; Hoc omns errorum cohors Vam nocend desert. Gao canente
spes redt &c.
CHAPTER VIII.
In accordance wth ths request of Gu|n.||d.|hya that heaveny tae consstng
of seven stores was tod by K|n.|abht n hs own anguage, and
Gu|n.||d.|hya
for hs part usng the same Pa|'s|cha anguage threw them nto seven
hundred thousand coupets n seven years; and that great poet, for fear that
the Vdydharas shoud stea hs composton, wrote t wth hs own bood
n the forest, not possessng nk. And so the Vdbydharas,|**speed dfferenty
than ne above| Sddhas
and other demgods came to hear t, and the heaven above where K|n|abht
was rectng, was, as t were, contnuay covered wth a canopy. And
K|n.|abht, when he had seen that great tae composed by Gu|n.||d.|hya,
was
reeased from hs curse and went to hs own pace. There were aso other
P|'s|chas that accompaned hm n hs wanderngs: they too a of them
attaned heaven, havng heard that heaveny tae. Then that great poet
* I. e, |'S|va.
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Gun|/a|dhaya began to refect, "I must make ths Great Tae* of mne current
on the earth, for that s the condton that the goddess mentoned
when she reveaed how my curse woud end. Then how sha I make t
current? To whom sha I gve t?" Then hs two dscpes that had
foowed hm, one of whom was caed Gunadeva, and the other Nanddeva
sad to hm, " The gorous S|/a|tav|/a|hana aone s a ft person to gve ths
poem to, for beng a man of taste he w dffuse the poem far and wde, as
the wnd dffuses the perfume of the fower." " So be t," sad Gun|/a|dhya,
and gave the book to those two accompshed dscpes and sent them to that
kng wth t; and went hmsef to that same Pratshth|/a|na, but remaned
outsde the cty n the garden panted by the goddess, where he arranged
that they shoud meet hm. And hs dscpes went and showed the poem
to kng S|/a|tav|/a|hana, teng hm at the same tme that t was the work of
Gun|/a|dhya. When he heard that Pa|/s||/a|cha anguage and saw that they
had
the appearance of P|/s||/a|chas, that kng, ed astray by prde of earnng, sad
wth a sneer, " The seven hundred thousand coupets are a weghty authorty,
but the Pa|/s||/a|cha anguage s barbarous, and the etters are wrtten n
bood; away wth ths Pa|/s||/a|cha tae." Then the two pups took the book,
and returned by the way whch they came, and tod the whoe crcumstance
to Gun|/a|dhya. Gun|/a|dhya for hs part, when he heard t, was mmedatey
overcome wth sorrow; who ndeed s not ny greved when scorned by a
competent
authorty? Then he went wth hs dscpes to a craggy h at no great
dstance, n an unfrequented but peasant spot, and frst prepared a
consecrated
fre cavty. Then he took the eaves one by one, and after he had
read them aoud to the beasts and brds, he fung them nto the fre whe
hs dscpes ooked on wth tearfu eyes. But he reserved one story, consstng
of one hundred thousand coupets, contanng the hstory of
Narav|/a/h|nadatta,
for the sake of hs two dscpes, as they partcuary fanced
t. And whe he was readng out and burnng that heaveny tae, a the
deer, boars, buffaoes and other wd anmas, came there, eavng the
pasturage,
and formed a crce around hm, stenng wth tears n ther eyes,
unabe to qut the spot.f
In the meanwhe kng S|/a|tav|/a|hana fe sck. And the physcans sad
that hs ness was due to eatng meat wantng n nutrtve quates. And
when the cooks were scoded for t, they sad--" The hunters brng n to us
fesh of ths knd." And when the hunters were taken to task, they sad,--
"On a h not very far from here there s a Brahman readng, who throws
nto the fre every eaf as soon as he has read t; so a the anmas go
there and sten wthout ever grazng, they never wander anywhere ese,
consequenty ths fesh of thers s wantng n nutrtve propertes on ac-
* Vrhat Kath|/a|.
f Compare tho story of Orpheus.
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count of ther gong wthout food." When he heard ths speech of the
hunters he made them show hm the way, and out of curosty went n
person to see Gun|/a|dhya, and he behed hm owng to hs forest fe over-
spread
wth matted ocks, that ooked ke the smoke of the fre of hs curse,
that was amost extngushed.
Then the kng recognzed hm as he stood n the mdst of the weepng
anmas, and after he had respectfuy sauted hm, he asked hm for an
expanaton of a the crcumstances. That wse Br|/a|hman then reated to
the kng n the anguage of the demons hs own hstory as Pushpadanta,
gvng an account of the curse and a the crcumstances whch orgnated
the descent of the tae to earth. Then the kng, dscoverng that he was
an ncarnaton of a Gana, bowed at hs feet, and asked hm for that ceesta
tae that had ssued from the mouth of S|/|va. Then Gun|/a|dhya sad to that
kng S|/a|tav|/a|hana; " O kng I have burnt sx taes contanng sx hundred
thousand coupets; but here s one tae consstng of a hundred thousand
coupets, take that:* and these two pups of mne sha expan t to you."
So spake Gun|/a|dhya and took eave of the kng, and then by strength of
devoton ad asde hs earthy body, and reeased from the curse ascended
to hs own heaveny home. Then the kng took that tae whch Gun|/a|dhya
had gven, caed Vrhat Kath|/a|, contanng the adventures of
Narav|/a|hanadatta,
and went to hs own cty. And there he bestowed on Gunadeva and
Nanddeva, the pups of the poet who composed that tae, ands, god,
garments,
beasts of burden, paaces, and treasures. And havng recovered the
sense of that tae wth ther hep, Sat|/a|v|/a|hana composed the book named
Kath|/a|p|/|tha, n order to shew how the tae came to be frst made known n
the Pa|/s||/a|cha anguage. Now that tae was so fu of varous nterest, that
men were so taken up wth t as to forget the taes of the gods, and
after producng that effect n the cty t attaned unnterrupted renown n
the three words.
* It s unnecessary to remnd the reader of the story of the Sby.
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|Bank Page|
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BOOK II.
CALLED KATH|'A|MUKHA.
Ths nectarous tae sprang n od tme from the mouth of |'S|va, set n
moton by hs ove for the daughter of the Hm|'a|aya, as the nectar of
mmortaty
sprang from the sea, when churned by the mountan Mandara.
Those who drnk eagery the nectar of ths tae, have a mpedments removed
and gan prosperty, and by the favour of |'S|va attan, whe vng
upon earth, the hgh rank of gods.
CHAPTER IX.
May the water of |'S|va's sweat, fresh from the embrace of Gaur,*
whch the god of ove when afrad of the fre of |'S|va's eye, empoys as hs
aqueous weapon, protect you.
Lsten to the foowng tae of the Vdy|'a|dharas, whch the exceent
Ga|n.|a Pushpadanta heard on mount Ka|'a|sa from the god of the matted
ocks, and whch K|'a||n.|abh|'u|t heard on the earth from the same
Pushpadanta
after he had become Vararuch, and whch Gu|n.||'a||d.|hya heard from
K|'a||n.|abh|'u|t,
and S|'a|tav|'a|hana heard from Gu|n.||'a||d.|hya.
Story of Udayana kng of Vatsa.
There s a and famous under
the name of Vatsa, that appears as
f t had been made by the Creator as an earthy rva to dash the prde of
heaven. In the centre of t s a great cty named Kau|'s||'a|mb|'|, the favourte
dweng-pace of the goddess of prosperty; the ear-ornament, so to speak,
of the earth. In t dwet a kng named |'S|at|'a|n|'|ka, sprung from the
P|'a||n.||d.|ava
famy, he was the son of |aname|aya, and the grandson of kng Parksht,
who was the great-grandson of Abhmanyu. The frst progentor of
hs race was Ar|una, the mght of whose strong arms was tested n a strugge
wth the mghty arms of |'S|va;** hs wfe was the earth, and aso Vsh-*
* I.e. Durg|'a|
** I beeve ths refers to Ar|una's combat wth the god when he had assumed
the form
of a Kr|'a|ta or mountaneer. |'S|va s hero caed Trpur|'a|r, the enemy or
destroyer
of Trpura. Dr. Brockhaus renders t qute dfferenty.
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*-numat hs queen; the frst produced |ewes, but the second dd not produce
a son. Once on a tme, as that kng was roamng about n hs passon for
the chase, he made acquantance n the forest wth the hermt |'S||'a|dya.
That worthy sage fndng out that the kng desred a son, came to
Kau|'s||'a|mb|'|
and admnstered to hs queen an artfuy prepared obaton*
consecrated wth mystc verses. Then he had a son born to hm caed
Sahasr|'a|n|'|ka. And hs father was adorned by hm as exceence s by
modesty. Then n course of tme |'S|at|'a|n|'|ka made that son crown-prnce
and though he st en|oyed kngy peasures, ceased to troube hmsef
about the cares of government. Then a war arose between the gods and
Asuras, and Indra sent M|'a|ta as a messenger to that kng beggng for
ad. Then he commtted hs son and hs kngdom to the care of hs prncpa
mnster, who was caed Yogandhara, and hs Commander-n-chef, whose
name was Supratka, and went to Indra wth M|'a|ta to say the Asuras n
fght. That kng, havng san many Asuras, of whom Yamadansh|t.|ra was
the chef, under the eyes of Indra, met death n that very batte. The
kng's body was brought back by M|'a|ta, and the queen burnt hersef wth
t, and the roya dgnty descended to hs son Sahasr|'a|n|'|ka. Wonderfu to
say, when that kng ascended hs father's throne, the heads of the kngs
on every sde of hs domnons were bent down wth the weght. Then
Indra sent M|'a|ta, and brought to heaven that Sahasr|'a|n|'|ka, as beng the
son of hs frend, that he mght be present at the great feast whch he was
hodng to ceebrate hs vctory over hs foes. There the kng saw the
gods, attended by ther far ones, sportng n the garden of Nandana, and
desrng for hmsef a sutabe wfe, fe nto ow sprts. Then Indra,
percevng ths desre of hs, sad to hm; "Kng, away wth despondency,
ths desre of thne sha be accompshed. For there has been born upon
the earth one, who was ong ago ordaned a sutabe match for thee. For
sten to the foowng hstory, whch I now proceed to reate to thee.
"Long ago I went to the court of Brahm|'a|, n order to vst hm, and a
certan Vasu named Vdh|'u|ma foowed me. "Whe we were there, an
Apsaras** named Aambush|'a| came to see Brahm|'a|, and her robe was bown
asde by the wnd. And the Vasu, when he behed her, was overpowered by
ove, and the Apsaras too had her eyes mmedatey attracted by hs form.
The otus-sprung god,*** when be behed that, ooked me fu n the face,
and I, knowng hs meanng, n wrath cursed those two, 'Be born, you two,
shameess creatures, nto the word of mortas, and there become man and
* Composed of rce, mk, sugar and spces.
** Certan femae dvntes who resde n the sky and are the wves of the
Gandharvas.
Moner Wams, s. v.
*** Brahm|'a|. He emerges from a otus growng from the nave of Vsh|n,|u.
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wfe.' That Vasu has been born as thou, Sahasrnka, the son of |'S|atnka,
an ornament to the race of the moon. And that Apsaras too has been born
n Ayodhy as the daughter of kng K|r.|tavarman, M|r.|gvat by name, she
sha be thy wfe." By these words of Indra the fame of ove was fanned
n the passonate|*| heart of the kng and burst out nto fu baze; as a
fre when fanned by the wnd. Indra then dsmssed the kng from heaven
wth a due honour n hs own charot, and he set out wth Mta|*| for
hs capta. But as he was startng, the Apsaras Tottam sad to
hm out of affecton, "Kng I have somewhat to say to thee, wat a moment."
But he, thnkng on M|r.|gvat, went off wthout hearng what
she sad, then Tottam n her rage cursed hm; "Kng, thou shat be
separated for fourteen years from her who has so engrossed thy mnd that
thou dost not hear my speech." Now Mta heard that curse, but the
kng, yearnng for hs beoved, dd not. In the charot he went to Kau|'s|mb
but n sprt he went to Ayodhy. Then the kng tod wth ongng
heart, a that he had heard from Indra wth reference to M|r.|gvat, to hs
mnsters, Yogandhara and the others: and not beng abe to endure deay,
he sent an ambassador to Ayodhy to ask her father K|r.|tavarman
for the hand of that maden. And K|r.|tavarman havng heard from
the ambassador hs commsson, tod n hs |oy the queen Kavat,
and then she sad to hm--" Kng we ought certany to gve M|r.|gvat
to Sahasrnka, and, I remember, a certan Brhman tod me ths very
thng n a dream"; then n hs deght the kng showed to the ambassador
M|r.|gvat's wonderfu sk n dancng, sngng, and other accompshments,
and her matchess beauty; so the kng K|r.|tavarman gave to Sahasrnka
that daughter of hs who was unequaed as a mne of gracefu arts, and
who shone ke an ncarnaton of the moon; that marrage of Sahasrnka
and M|r.|gvat was one n whch the good quates of ether party
suppemented
those of the other, and mght be compared to the unon of earnng
and ntegence.
Not ong after sons were born to the kng's mnsters; Yogandhara
had a son born to hm named Yaugandharyana; and Supratka had a son
born to hm named Rumanvat. And to the kng's master of the reves was
born a son named Vasantaka. Then n a few days M|r.|gvat became
sghty pae and promsed to bear a chd to kng Sahasrnka. And then
she asked the kng, who was never tred of ookng at her, to gratfy her
ongng by fng a tank fu of bood for her to bathe n. Accordngy
the kng, who was a rghteous man, n order to gratfy her desre, had a
tank fed wth the |uce of ac and other red extracts, so that t seemed
to be fu of bood. And whe she was bathng n that ake, and covered
* In the word sasnehe there s probaby a pun; sneha meanng ove, and aso
o.
* The charoteer of Indra.
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wth red dye, a brd of the race of Garuda|*| suddeny pounced upon her
and carred her off thnkng she was raw fesh. As soon as she was carred
away n some unknown drecton by the brd, the kng became dstracted,
and hs sef-command forsook hm as f n order to go n search of her.
Hs heart was so attached to hs beoved that t was n very truth carred
off by that brd, and thus he fe senseess upon the earth. As soon as he
had recovered hs senses, Mta, who had dscovered a by hs dvne power,
descended through the ar and came where the kng was. He consoed the
kng, and tod hm the curse of Tottam wth ts destned end, as he had
heard t ong ago, and then he took hs departure. Then the kng tormented
wth gref amented on ths wse; " Aas my beoved, that wcked
Tottam has accompshed her desre." But havng earned the facts
about the curse, and havng receved advce from hs mnsters, he managed,
though wth dffcuty, to retan hs fe through hope of a future reunon.
But that brd, whch had carred off M|r.|gvat, as soon as t found out
that she was ave, abandoned her, and as fate woud have t, eft her on the
mountan where the sun rses. And when the brd et her drop and departed,
the queen, dstracted wth gref and fear, saw that she was eft
unprotected on the sope of a trackess mountan. Whe she was weepng
n the forest, aone, wth one garment ony to cover her, an enormous serpent
rose up and prepared to swaow her. Then she, for whom prosperty
was reserved n the future, was devered by some heaveny hero that came
down and sew the serpent, and dsappeared amost as soon as he was seen.
Thereupon she, ongng for death, fung hersef down n front of a wd
eephant, but even he spared her as f out of compasson. Wonderfu was
t that even a wd beast dd not say her when she fe n hs way! Or
rather t was not to be wondered at. What cannot the w of |'S|va effect?
Then the gr tardy wth the weght of her womb, desrng to hur
hersef down from a precpce, and thnkng upon that ord of hers,
wept aoud; and a hermt's son, who had wandered there n search of roots
and fruts, hearng that, came up, and found her ookng ke the n-*
* Ths s the Roe or Rokh of Araban romance, agreeng n the mutpcty of
ndvduas as we as ther propensty for raw fesh.
(See Sndbad's Voyages ed. Langs, p. 149.) The atter characterstc, to the
sub-verson
of a poetca fances, has acqured, t may be supposed, for the Ad|utant
(Ardea
Arga) the name of Garuda. A wundervoge s the property of a peope, and
the
Garuda of the Hndoos s represented by the Eorosh of the Zend, Smoorgh of
the Persans,
the Anka of the Arabs, the Kerkes of the Turks, the Krn of the |apanese, the
sacred dragon of the Chnese, the Grffn of Chvary, the Ph|oe|nx of cassca
fabe,
the wse and ancent brd that sts upon the ash Yggdras of the Edda, and
accordng
to Faber wth a the rest s a msrepresentaton of the hoy cherubm that
guarded the
gate of Paradse. Some wrters have even traced the tweve knghts of the
round tabe
to the tweve Rocs of Persan story. (Wson's Essays, Vo. I, pp. 192, 193, note.)
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carnaton of sorrow. And he, after questonng the queen about her
adventures, and comfortng her as we as he coud, wth a heart meted
wth compasson ed her off to the hermtage of |amadagn. There she
behed |amadagn, ookng ke the ncarnaton of comfort, whose brghtness
so umned the eastern mountan that t seemed as f the rsng sun ever
rested on t. When she fe at hs feet, that hermt who was knd to a
that came to hm for hep, and possessed heaveny nsght, sad to her
who was tortured wth the pan of separaton; " Here there sha be
born to thee, my daughter, a son that sha uphod the famy of hs father,
and thou shat be reunted to thy husband, therefore weep not." When
that vrtuous woman heard that speech of the hermt's, she took up
her abode n that hermtage, and entertaned hope of a reunon wth
her beoved. And some days ater, the bameess one gave brth to a
charmngy beautfu son, as assocaton wth the good produces good
manners. At that moment a voce was heard from heaven; " an august
kng of great renown has been born, Udayana by name, and hs son sha
be monarch of a the Vdydharas." That voce restored to the heart of
M|r.|gvat |oy whch she had ong forgotten. Graduay that boy grew tp
to sze and strength n that grove of ascetcsm, accompaned by hs own
exceent quates as paymates. And the heroc chd had the sacraments
approprate to a member of the warror-caste performed for hm by |amadagn,
and was nstructed by hm n the scences, and the practce of archery.
And out of ove for hm M|r.|gvat drew off from her own wrst, and
paced on hs, a braceet marked wth the name of Sahasrunka. Then that
Udayana roamng about once upon a tme n pursut of deer, behed n the
forest a snake that had been forcby captured by a |'S|avara.|*| And he,
feeng pty for the beautfu snake, sad to that |'S|avara, "Let go ths
snake to pease me." Then that |'S|avara sad, " My ord, ths s my vehood,
for I am a poor man, and I aways mantan mysef by exhbtng
dancng snakes. The snake I prevousy had havng ded, I searched
through ths great wood, and, fndng ths one, overpowered hm by charms
and captured hm." When he heard ths, the generous Udayana gave that
|'S|avara the braceet whch hs mother had bestowed on hm, and persuaded
hm to set the snake at berty. The |'S|avara took the braceet and departed,
and then the snake beng peased wth Udayana bowed before hm and
sad as foows, "I am the edest brother of Vsuk,|*| caed Vasunem:
receve from me, whom thou hast preserved, ths ute, sweet n the soundng
of ts strngs, dvded accordng to the dvson of the quarter-tones;
* A wd mountaneer. Dr. Bher observes that the names of those trbes are
used very vaguey n Sansk|r.|t story-books,
* Soveregn of the snakes.
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and bete eaf, together wth the art of weavng unfadng garands, and
adornng the forehead wth marks that never become ndstnct." Then
Udayana furnshed wth a these, and dsmssed by the snake, returned to
the hermtage of |amadagn, ranng nectar, so to speak, nto the eyes of hs
mother.
In the meanwhe that |'S|avara who had ghted on ths forest, and
whe roamng about n t had obtaned the braceet from Udayana by the
w of fate, was caught attemptng to se ths ornament marked wth the
kng's name n the market, and was arrested by the poce, and brought
up n court before the kng. Then kng Sahasrnka hmsef asked hm
n sorrow whence he had obtaned the braceet. Then that |'S|avara tod
hm the whoe story of hs obtanng possesson of the braceet, begnnng
wth hs capture of the snake upon the eastern mountan. Hearng that
from the |'S|avara, and behodng that braceet of hs beoved, kng
Sahasrnka
ascended the swng of doubt.
Then a dvne voce from heaven deghted the kng who was tortured
wth the fre of separaton, as the ran-drops deght the peacock when
affcted wth the heat, utterng these words--"Thy curse s at an end, O
kng, and that wfe of thne Mrgvat s resdng n the hermtage of
|amadagn together wth thy son." Then that day at ast came to an end,
though made ong by anxous expectaton, and on the morrow that kng
Sahasrnka, makng the |'S|avara show hm the way, set out wth hs army
for that hermtage on the eastern mountan, n order qucky to recover hs
beoved wfe.
CHAPTER X.
After he had gone a ong dstance the kng encamped that day n a
certan forest on the border of a ake. He went to bed weary, and n the
evenng he sad to Sangataka a story-teer who had come to hm on account
of the peasure he took n hs servce; "Te me some tae that w gadden
my heart, for I am ongng for the |oy of behodng the otus-face of
Mrgvat." Then Sangataka sad, Kng why do you greve wthout cause?
The unon wth your queen, whch w mark the termnaton of your curse,
s ngh at hand. Human bengs experence many unons and separatons:
and I w te you a story to ustrate ths; sten, my ord!
Story of |'S|rdatta and Mrgnkavat. Once upon tme there ved n
the country of Mava a Brhman
named Ya|nasoma. And that good man had two sons born to hm, beoved
by men. One of them was known as Kanem and the second was named
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Vgatabhaya. Now, when ther father had gone to heaven, those two brothers,
havng passed through the age of chdhood, went to the cty of
Ptaputra to acqure earnng. And when they had competed ther
studes, ther teacher Deva|'s|arman gave them hs own two daughters, ke
another coupe of scences ncarnate n body form.
Then seeng that the househoders around hm were rch, Kanem
through envy made a vow and proptated the goddess of Fortune wth burnt-
offerngs.
And the goddess beng satsfed appeared n body form and
sad to hm--"Thou shat obtan great weath and a son who sha rue the
earth; but at ast thou shat be put to death ke a robber, because thou
hast offered fesh n the fre wth mpure motves." When she had sad ths,
the goddess dsappeared; and Kanem n course of tme became very rch;
moreover after some da|'s a son was born to hm. So the father, whose
desres were now accompshed, caed that son |'S|rdatta,|*| because he had
been obtaned by the favour of the goddess of Fortune. In course of tme
|'S|rdatta grew up, and though a Brhman, became matchess upon earth n
the use of weapons, and n boxng and wrestng.
Then Kanem's brother Vgatabhaya went to a foregn and, havng
become desrous of vstng paces of pgrmage, through sorrow for hs
wfe, who ded of the bte of a snake.
Moreover the kng of the and, Vaabha|'s|akt, who apprecated good
quates, made |'S|rdatta the companon of hs son Vkrama|'s|akt. So he
had to ve wth a haughty prnce, as the mpetuous Bhma ved n hs
youth wth Duryodhana. Then two Kshatryas, natves of Avant, Bhu|'s|n
and Va|ramush|t.| became frends of that Brhman's. And some other
men from the Deccan, sons of mnsters, havng been conquered by hm n
wrestng, resorted to hm out of spontaneous frendshp, as they knew how
to vaue mert. Mahbaa and Vyghrabha|t.|a and aso Upendrabaa and a
man named Nsh|t.|huraka became hs frends. One day, as years roed on,
|'S|rdatta, beng n attendance on the prnce, went wth hm and those frends
to sport on the bank of the Ganges; then the prnce's own servants made
hm kng, and at the same tme |'S|rdatta was chosen kng by hs frends.
Ths made the prnce angry, and n over-weenng confdence he at once
chaenged that Brhman hero to fght. Then beng conquered by hm n
wrestng, and so dsgraced, he made up hs mnd that ths rsng hero shoud
be put to death. But |'S|rdatta found out that ntenton of the prnce's,
and wthdrew n aarm wth those frends of hs from hs presence. And
as he was gong aong, he saw n the mdde of the Ganges a woman beng
dragged under by the stream, ookng ke the goddess of Fortune n the
mdde of the sea. And then he punged n to pu her out of the water,
eavng Bhu|'s|n and hs fve other frends on the bank. Then that woman,
* I. e., gven by Fortune.
-----Fe: 070.png---------------------------------------------------------
though he sezed her by the har, sank deep n the water; and he dved as
deep n order to foow her. And after he had dved a ong way, he suddeny
saw a spendd tempe of |'S|va, but no water and no woman.|*| After
behodng that wonderfu sght, beng weared out he pad hs adoratons to
the god wth the bu-bazoned banner, and spent that nght n a beautfu
garden attached to the tempe. And n the mornng that ady was seen
by hm havng come to worshp the god |'S|va, ke the ncarnate spendour
of beauty attended by a womany perfectons. And after she had worshpped
the god, the moon-faced one departed to her own house, and |'S|rdatta
for hs part foowed her. And he saw that paace of hers resembng
the cty of the gods, whch the haughty beauty entered hurredy n a
contemptuous manner. And wthout degnng to address hm, the gracefu
ady sat down on a sofa n the nner part of the house, wated upon by
thousands of women. And |'S|rdatta aso took a seat near her; then suddeny
that vrtuous ady began to weep. The tear-drops fe n an unceasng
shower on her bosom, and that moment pty entered nto the heart of
|'S|rdatta. And then he sad to her, " Who art thou, and what s thy
sorrow? Te me, far one, for I am abe to remove t." Then she sad
reuctanty, " We are the thousand granddaughters of Ba|*| the kng of
the Datyas, and I am the edest of a, and my name s Vdyutprabh.
That grandfather of ours was carred off by Vsh|n.|u to ong mprsonment,
and the same hero sew our father n a wrestng-match. And after he had
san hm, he excuded us from our own cty, and he paced a on n t to
prevent us from enterng. The on occupes that pace, and gref our
hearts. It s a Yaksha that was made a on by the curse of Kuvera, and
ong ago t was predcted that the Yaksha's curse shoud end when he was
conquered by some morta; so Vsh|n.|u degned to nform us on our humby
askng hm how we mght be enabed to enter our cty. Therefore subdue
that on our enemy; t was for that reason, O hero, that I entced you
hther. And when you have overcome hm you w obtan from hm a
sword named M|r.|gnka, by the vrtue of whch you sha conquer the word
and become a kng." When he heard that, |'S|rdatta agreed to undertake
the adventure, and after that day had passed, on the morrow he took those
Datya madens wth hm as gudes, and went to that cty, and there he
overcame n wrestng that haughty on. He beng freed from hs curse
* Cp. the story of Sattva|'s|a, whch s the seventh tae n the Veta
Panchavn-*|'s|at,
and w be found n Chapter 81 of ths work. Cp. aso the story of |'S|aktdeva
n
Book V. ch. 26, and Raston's remarks on t n hs Russan Fok-Taes, p. 99.
* Vsh|n.|u assumed the form of a dwarf and appeared before Ba, and asked
for as
much and as he coud step over. On Ba's grantng t, Vsh|n.|u datng
hmsef, n
two steps deprved hm of heaven and earth, but eft the ower regons st n
hs domnon.
-----Fe: 071.png---------------------------------------------------------
assumed a human form, and out of grattude gave hs sword to the man
who had put an end to hs curse, and then dsappeared together wth the
burden of the sorrow of the great Asura's daughter. Then that |'S|rdatta,
together wth the Datya's daughter, who was accompaned by her younger
ssters, entered that spendd cty whch ooked ke the serpent Ananta|*|
havng emerged from the earth. And that Datya maden gave hm a rng
that destroyed the effect of poson. Then that young man remanng there
fe n ove wth her. And she cunnngy sad to hm, "Bathe n ths tank,
and when you dve n, take wth you ths sword|*| to keep off the danger of
crocodes." He consented, and dvng nto the tank, rose upon that very
bank of the Ganges from whch he frst punged n. Then he, seeng the
rng and the sword, fet astonshment at havng emerged from the ower
regons, and despondency at havng been trcked by the Asura mad. Then
he went towards hs own house to ook for hs frends, and as he was gong
he saw on the way hs frend Nsh|t.|huraka. Nsh|t.|huraka came up to hm
and sauted hm, and qucky took hm asde nto a oney pace, and when
asked by hm for news of hs reatons, gave hm ths answer; "On that
occason when you punged nto the Ganges we searched for you many days,
and out of gref we were preparng to cut off our heads, but a voce from
heaven forbade that attempt of ours sayng, 'My sons, do no rash act,
your frend sha return ave.' And then we were returnng nto the presence
of your father, when on the way a man hurredy advanced to meet
us and sad ths-- 'You must not enter ths cty at present, for the kng
of t Vaabha|'s|akt s dead, and the mnsters have wth one accord conferred
the roya dgnty on Vkrama|'s|akt; now the day after he was made
kng he went to the house of Kanem, and fu of wrath asked hm where
hs son |'S|rdatta was, and he reped-- 'I do not know.' Then the kng n a
rage, supposng he had conceaed hs son, had hm put to death by mpaement
as a thef. When hs wfe saw that, her heart broke. Men of
crue deeds must aways pe one ev acton upon another n ong successon;
and so Vkrama|'s|akt s searchng for |'S|rdatta to say hm, and you
are hs frends, therefore eave ths pace.' When the man had gven us ths
warnng, Bhu|'s|n and hs four companons beng greved went by common
consent to ther own home n U||ayn. And they eft me here n conceament,
my frend, for your sake. So come, et us go to that very pace to
meet our frends." Havng heard ths from Nshthuraka, and havng bewaed
hs parents, |'S|rdatta cast many a ook at hs sword, as f reposng
n that hs hope of vengeance; then the hero, bdng hs tme, set out
accompaned by Nshthuraka for that cty of U||ayn n order to meet hs
frends.
* Ananta, endess, or nfnte, s a name of the thousand-headed serpent
|'S|esha.
* Readng khadyam for the khadge of Dr. Brockhaus's text.
-----Fe: 072.png---------------------------------------------------------
And as he was reatng to hs frend hs adventures from the tme of
hs pungng nto the stream, |'S|rdatta behed a woman weepng n the
road; when she sad, "I am a woman gong to U||ayn and I have ost
my way," |'S|rdatta out of pty made her |ourney aong wth hm. He and
Nsh|t.|huraka, together wth that woman, whom he kept wth hm out of
compasson, hated that day n a certan deserted town. There he suddeny
woke up n the nght and behed that the woman had san Nsh|t.|huraka,
and was devourng hs fesh wth the utmost deght. Then he rose up
drawng hs sword M|r.|gnka, and that woman assumed her own terrbe
form, that of a Rkshas,* and he sezed that nght-wanderer by her har,
to say her. That moment she assumed a heaveny shape and sad to hm,
"Say me not, mghty hero, et me go, I am not a Rkshas; the hermt
V|'s|vmtra mposed ths condton on me by a curse. For once when he
was performng austertes from a desre to attan the poston of the god
of weath, I was sent by the god to mpede hm. Then fndng that I was
not abe to seduce hm wth my aurng form, beng abashed, I assumed n
order to terrfy hm a formdabe shape. When he saw ths, that hermt
ad on me a curse sutabe to my offence, excamng--'Wcked one, become
a Rkshas and say men.' And he apponted that my curse shoud
end when you took hod of my har; accordngy I assumed ths detestabe
condton of a Rkshas, and I have devoured a the nhabtants of ths
town: now to-day after a ong tme you have brought my curse to an end
n the manner foretod; therefore receve now some boon." When he heard
that speech of hers, |'S|rdatta sad respectfuy", "Mother grant that my
frend may be restored to fe. What need have I of any other boon?" " So
be t," sad she, and after grantng the boon dsappeared. And Nsh|t.|huraka
rose up agan ave wthout a scratch on hs body. Then |'S|rdatta set out
the next mornng wth hm, deghted and astonshed, and at ast reached
U||ayn. There he revved by hs appearance the sprts of hs frends, who
were anxousy expectng hm, as the arrva of the coud revves the peacocks.
And after he had tod a the wonders of hs adventures, Bhu|'s|n
went through the usua formates of hosptaty, takng hm to hs own
home. There |'S|rdatta was taken care of by the parents of Bhu|'s|n, and
ved wth hs frends as comfortaby as f he were n hs own house.
Once on a tme, when the great feast of sprng-tde** had arrved, he
went wth hs frends to behod some festa re|ocngs n a garden. There
he behed a maden, the daughter of kng Bmbak, who had come to see
the show, ookng ke the goddess of the Spendour of Sprng present n
body form. She, by name M|r.|gnkavat, that moment penetrated nto
hs heart, as f through the openngs eft by the expanson of hs eye. Her
* Femae demon. The Rkshnsas are often caed "nght-wanderers."
** Or more teray of the month Chatra, .e. March-Apr.
-----Fe: 073.png---------------------------------------------------------
passonate ook too, ndcatve of the begnnng of ove, fxed on hm, went
and returned ke a confdante. When she entered a thcket of trees, |'S|rdatta
not behodng her, suddeny fet hs heart so empty that he dd not
know where he was. Hs frend Bhu|'s|an, who thoroughy understood
the anguage of gestures, sad to hm, "My frend, I know your heart, do
not deny your passon, therefore, come, et us go to that part of the garden
where the kng's daughter s." He consented and went near her accompaned
by hs frend. That moment a cry was heard there, whch gave
great pan to the heart of |'S|rdatta, "Aas the prncess has been btten by
a snake!" Bhu|'s|an then went and sad to the chamberan--"My frend
here possesses a rng that counteracts the effects of poson, and aso heang
spes." Immedatey the chamberan came, and bowng at hs feet, qucky
ed |'S|rdatta to the prncess. He paced the rng on her fnger, and then
muttered hs spes so that she revved. Then a the attendants were deghted,
and oud n prase of |'S|rdatta, and the kng Bmbak hearng the
crcumstances came to the pace. Accordngy |'S|rdatta returned wth hs
frends to the house of Bhu|'s|an wthout takng back the rng. And a
the god and other presents, whch the deghted kng sent to hm there,
e handed over to the father of Bhu|'s|an. Then, thnkng upon that far
one, he was so much affcted, that hs frends became uttery bewdered as
to what to do wth hm. Then a dear frend of the prncess, Bhvank,
by name, came to hm on pretence of returnng the rng; and sad to hm,
"That frend of mne, ustrous Sr, has made up her mnd, that ether
you must save her fe by becomng her husband, or she w be marred to
her grave." When Bhvank had sad ths, |'S|rdatta and Bhu|'s|an and
the others qucky put ther heads together and came to the foowng
resouton,
"We w carry off ths prncess secrety by a stratagem, and w
go unperceved from here to Mathur and ve there." The pan havng
been thoroughy taked over, and the consprators havng agreed wth one
another
what each was to do n order to carry t out, Bhvank then departed.
And the next day Bhu|'s|an, accompaned by three of hs frends, went to
Mathur on pretext of traffckng, and as he went he posted n conceament
at ntervas swft horses for the conveyance of the prncess. But |'S|rdatta
then brought at eventde a woman wth her daughter nto the paace of
the prncess, after makng them both drnk sprts, and then Bhvank, on
pretence of ghtng up the paace, set fre to t, and secrety conveyed the
prncess out of t; and that moment |'S|rdatta, who was remanng outsde,
receved her, and sent her on to Bhu|'s|an, who had started n the mornng,
and drected two of hs frends to attend on her and aso Bhvank. Now
that drunken woman and her daughter were burnt n the paace of the prncess,
and peope supposed that the prncess had been burnt wth her frend.
-----Fe: 074.png---------------------------------------------------------
But |'S|rdatta took care to show hmsef n the mornng as before, n the
cty; then on the second nght, takng wth hm hs sword Mrgnka, he
started to foow hs beoved, who had set out before hm. And n hs
eagerness he accompshed a great dstance that nght, and when the mornng
watch|*| had passed, he reached the Vndhya forest. There he frst
behed unucky omens, and afterwards he saw a those frends of hs together
wth Bhvank yng n the road gashed wth wounds. And when he
came up a dstracted, they sad to hm, "We were robbed to-day by a
arge troop of horsemen that set upon us. And after we were reduced to
ths, state, one of the horsemen threw the terrfed prncess on hs horse and
carred her off. So before she has been carred to a great dstance, go n
ths drecton, do not reman near us, she s certany of more mportance
than we." Beng urged on wth these words by hs frends, |'S|rdatta rapdy
foowed after the prncess, but coud not hep frequenty turnng round to
ook at them. And after he had gone a consderabe dstance, he caught
up that troop of cavary, and he saw a young man of the warror caste n
the mdst of t. And he behed that prncess hed by hm upon hs horse.
So he sowy approached that young warror; and when soft words woud
not nduce hm to et the prncess go, he hured hm from hs horse wth a
bow of hs foot, and dashed hm to peces on a rock. And after he had
san hm, he mounted on hs horse and sew a great number of the other
horsemen who charged hm n anger. And then those who remaned ave,
seeng that the mght whch the hero dspayed was more than human, fed
away n terror; and |'S|rdatta mounted on the horse wth the prncess
Mrgnkavat
and set out to fnd those frends of hs. And after he had gone a
tte way, he and hs wfe got off the horse whch had been severey wounded
n the fght, and soon after t fe down and ded. And then hs beoved
Mrgnkavat, exhausted wth fear and exerton, became very thrsty. And
eavng her there, he roamed a ong dstance hther and thther, and whe
he was ookng for water the sun set. Then he dscovered that, though he
had found water, he had ost hs way, and he passed that nght n the wood
roamng about, moanng aoud ke a Chakravka.|*| And n the mornng
he reached that pace, whch was easy to recognse by the carcass of the
horse. And nowhere there dd he behod hs beoved prncess. Then n hs
dstracton he paced hs sword Mrgnka on the ground, and cmbed to
the top of a tree, n order to east hs eye n a drectons for her. That
very moment a certan |'S|avara cheftan passed that way; and he came up
and took the sword from the foot of the tree. Behodng that |'S|avara
* At nne o'cock n the mornng.
* Anas Cusurca, commony caed the Brahmany duck. The mae has to pass
the
nght separated from ts femae: f we are to trust the unanmous testmony of
Hndu
poets.
-----Fe: 075.png---------------------------------------------------------
cheftan, |'S|rdatta came down from the top of the tree, and n great gref
asked hm for news of hs beoved. The |'S|avara cheftan sad--"Leave ths
pace and come to my vage; I have no doubt she whom you seek has
gone there; and I sha come there and return you ths sword." When the
|'S|avara cheftan urged hm to go wth these words, |'S|rdatta, beng hmsef
a eagerness, went to that vage wth the chef's men. And there those
men sad to hm,--"Seep off your fatgue,"--and when he reached the
house of the chef of the vage, beng tred he went to seep n an nstant.
And when he woke up he saw hs two feet fastened wth fetters, ke the
two efforts he had made n order to obtan hs beoved, whch faed to reach
ther ob|ect. Then he remaned there weepng for hs darng, who, ke the
course of destny, had for a moment brought hm |oy, and the next moment
basted hs hopes.
One day a servng mad.of the name of Mochank came to hm and
sad,--Iustrous Sr, unwttngy you have come hther to your death?
For the |'S|avara cheftan has gone somewhther to accompsh certan weghty
affars, and when he returns, he w offer you to Chandk.|*| For wth
that ob|ect he decoyed you here by a stratagem from ths sope of the wd
Vndhya h, and mmedatey threw you nto the chans n whch you now
are. And t s because you are ntended to be offered as a vctm to the
goddess, that you are contnuay served wth garments and food.
But I know of ony one expedent for deverng you, f you agree to t.
Ths |'S|avara cheftan has a daughter named Sundar, and she havng seen
you s becomng exceedngy ove-sck; marry her who s my frend, then
you w obtan deverance.|*| When she sad ths to hm, |'S|rdatta consented,
desrng to be set at berty, and secrety made that |'S|undar hs wfe by
the Gndharva form of marrage. And every nght she removed hs chans
and n a short tme Sundar became pregnant. Then her mother, havng
heard the whoe story from the mouth of Mochank, out of ove for her
son-n-aw |'S|rdatta, went and of her own accord sad to hm--"My son,
|S'|rchanda the father of Sundar s a wrathfu man, and w show thee no
mercy. Therefore depart, but thou must not forget Sundar." When hs
mother-n-aw had sad ths, she set hm at berty, and |'S|rdatta departed
after teng Sundar that the sword, whch was n her father's possesson,
reay beonged to hmsef.
So he agan entered fu of anxety that forest, n whch he had before
wandered about, n order agan to search for traces of Mrgvat. And
havng seen an auspcous omen he came to that same pace, where that
* A name of Durg. Cp. Prescott's account of the human sacrfces n Mexco
Vo. I pp. 62, 63.
* Ths ncdent remnds us of the ffth rue n Wrght's Gesta Romanorum.
-----Fe: 076.png---------------------------------------------------------
horse of hs ded before, and whence hs wfe was carred off. And there
he saw near|*| hm a hunter comng towards hm, and when he saw hm he
asked hm for news of that gazee-eyed ady. Then the hunter asked hm
"Are you |'S|rdatta?" and he sghng reped "I am that unfortunate man."
Then that hunter sad, "Lsten, frend, I have somewhat to te you. I saw
that wfe of yours wanderng hther and thther amentng your absence,
and havng asked her her story, and consoed her, moved wth compasson I
took her out of ths wood to my own vage. But when I saw the young
Pundas|*| there, I was afrad, and I took her to a vage named Ngasthaa
near Mathur. And then I paced her n the house of an od Brhman named
V|'s|vadatta commendng her wth a due respect to hs care. And thence
I came here havng earnt your name from her ps. Therefore you had
better go qucky to Ngasthaa to search for her." When the hunter
had tod hm ths, |'S|rdatta qucky set out, and he reached Ngasthaa n
the evenng of the second day. Then he entered the house of V|'s|vadatta
and when he saw hm sad, "Gve me my wfe who was paced here by the
hunter." V|'s|vadatta when he heard that, answered hm, "I have a frend n
Mathur a Brhman, dear to a vrtuous men, the sprtua preceptor and
mnster of the kng |'S|rasena. In hs care I paced your wfe. For ths
vage s an out-of-the-way pace and woud not afford her protecton. So
go to that cty to-morrow mornng, but to-day rest here." When V|'s|vadatta
sad ths, he spent that nght there, and the next mornng he set off, and
reached Mathur on the second day. Beng weary and dusty wth the
ong |ourney, he bathed outsde that cty n the peucd water of a ake.
And he drew out of the mdde of the ake a garment paced there by
some robbers, not suspectng any harm. But n one corner of the garment,
whch was knotted up, a neckace was conceaed.|*| Then |'S|rdatta took
that garment, and n hs eagerness to meet hs wfe dd not notce the
neckace,
and so entered the cty of Mathur. Then the cty poce recognzed the
garment, and fndng the neckace, arrested |'S|rdatta as a thef, and carred
hm off, and brought hm before the chef magstrate exacty as he was
found, wth the garment n hs possesson; by hm he was handed up to
the kng, and the kng ordered hm to be put to death.
Then, as he was beng ed off to the pace of executon wth the drum
beng beaten behnd hm,|*| hs wfe M|r.|gnkavat saw hm n the dstance.
She went n a state of the utmost dstracton and sad to the chef mnster,
n whose house she was resdng, "Yonder s my husband beng ed off
* Or t may mean "from a dstance," as Dr. Brockhaus takes t.
* Punda, name of a savage trbe.
* A common way of carryng money n Inda at the present day.
* Compare the ast Scene of the Toy Cart n the 1st voume of Wson's Hndu
Theatre.
-----Fe: 077.png---------------------------------------------------------
to executon." Then that mnster went and ordered the executoners to
desst, and, by makng a representaton to the kng, got |'S|rdatta pardoned,
and had hm brought to hs house. And when |'S|rdatta reached hs house,
and saw that mnster, he recognsed hm and fe at hs feet, excamng,
"What! s ths my unce Vgatabhaya, who ong ago went to a foregn
country, and do 1 now by good uck fnd hm estabshed n the poston of
a mnster?" e too recognsed to hs astonshment |'S|rdatta as hs brother's
son, and embraced hm, and questoned hm about a hs adventures. Then
|'S|rdatta reated to hs unce hs whoe hstory begnnng wth the executon
of hs father. And he, after weepng, sad to hs nephew n prvate, " Do
not despond, my son, for I once brought a femae Yaksha nto sub|ecton
by means of magc; and she gave me, though I have no son, fve thousand
horses and seventy mons of god peces: and a that weath s at your
dsposa." After teng hm ths, hs unce brought hm hs beoved, and he,
havng obtaned weath, marred her on the spot. And then be remaned
there n |oy, unted wth that beoved M|r.|gnkavat as a bed of whte
otuses|*| wth the nght. But even when hs happness was at ts fu,
anxety for Bhu|'s|n and hs companons couded hs heart, as a spot of
darkness does the fu moon. Now one day hs unce sad secrety to
|'S|rdatta: "my son, the kng |'S|rasena has a maden daughter, and n
accordance
wth hs orders I have to take her to the and of Avant to gve
her away n marrage; so I w take her away on that very pretext, and
marry her to you. Then, when you have got possesson of the force that
foows her, wth mne aready at your dsposa, you w soon gan the
kngdom that was promsed you by the goddess |'S|r." Havng resoved on
ths, and havng taken that maden, |'S|rdatta and hs unce set out wth ther
army and ther attendants. But as soon as they bad reached the Vndhya
forest, before they were aware of the danger, a arge army of brgands set
upon them showerng arrows. After routng |'S|rdatta's force, and sezng
a the weath, they bound |'S|rdatta hmsef, who had fanted from hs
wounds, and carred hm off to ther vage. And they took hm to the
awfu tempe of Durg, n order to offer hm up n sacrfce, and, as t were,
summoned Death wth the sound of ther gongs. There Sundar saw hm,
one of hs wves, the daughter of the chef of the vage, who had come
wth her young son to vst the shrne of the goddess. Fu of |oy she
ordered the brgands, who were between her and her husband, to stand asde,
and then |'S|rdatta entered her paace wth her. Immedatey |'S|rdatta
obtaned the soveregnty of that vage, whch Sundar's father, havng
no son, bequeathed to her when he went to heaven. So |'S|rdatta
recovered hs wfe and hs sword M|r.|gnka, and aso hs unce and
* The escuent whte otus (Sanskrt kumuda) expands ts petas at nght, and
coses them n the daytme.
-----Fe: 078.png---------------------------------------------------------
n that town, he marred the daughter of |'S|rasena, and became a great kng
there. And from that pace he sent ambassadors to hs two fathers-n-aw,
to Bmbak, and kng |'S|rasena. And they, beng very fond of ther daughters,
gady recognsed hm as a connecton, and came to hm accompaned
by the whoe of ther armes. And hs frends Bhu|'s|n and the others, who
had been separated from hm, when they heard what had happened, came
to hm wth ther wounds heaed and n good heath. Then the hero
marched, unted wth hs fathers-n-aw, and made that Vkrama|'s|akt, who
had put hs father to death, a burnt-offerng n the fame of hs wrath.
And then |'S|rdatta, havng ganed domnon over the sea-encrced earth, and
deverance from the sorrow of separaton, |oyed n the socety of
M|r.|gnkavat.
Even so, my kng, do men of frm resouton cross the caamtous
sea of separaton and obtan prosperty.
After hearng ths tae from Sangataka, the kng Sahasrnka, though
ongng for the sght of hs beoved one, managed to get through that nght
on the |ourney. Then, engrossed wth hs desre, sendng hs thoughts on
before, n the mornng Sahasrnka set out to meet hs darng. And n a
few days he reached that peacefu hermtage of |amadagn, n whch even
the deer ad asde ther wantonness. And there he behed wth reverence
that |amadagn, the sght of whom was sanctfyng, ke the ncarnate form
of penance, who receved hm hosptaby. And the hermt handed over to
hm that queen M|r.|gvat wth her son, reganed by the kng after ong
separaton, ke tranquty accompaned wth |oy. And that sght whch
the husband and wfe obtaned of one another, now that the curse had
ceased, raned, as t were, nectar nto ther eyes, whch were fed wth tears
of |oy. And the kng embracng that son Udayana, whom he now behed
for the frst tme, coud wth dffcuty et hm go, as he was, so to speak,
rveted to hs body wth hs own hars that stood erect from |oy.|*| Then
kng Sahasrnka took hs queen M|r.|gvat wth Udayana, and, bddng
adeu to |amadagn, set out from that tranqu hermtage for hs own cty,
and even the deer foowed hm as far as the border of the hermtage wth
tearfu eyes. Begung the way by stenng to the adventures of hs beoved
wfe durng the perod of separaton, and by reatng hs own, he at ength
reached the cty of Kau|'s|mb, n whch trumpha arches were erected and
banners dspayed. And he entered that cty n company wth hs wfe
and chd, beng, so to speak, devoured|*| by the eyes of the ctzens, that had
the frnge of ther ashes eevated. And mmedatey the kng apponted
hs son Udayana crown-prnce, beng ncted to t by hs exceent quates.
* In Sanskrt poetry horrpaton s often sad to be produced by |oy. I have
here nserted the words "from |oy" n order to make the meanng cear,
* Lteray drunk n.
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And he assgned to hm as advsers the sons of hs own mnsters, Vasantaka
and Ruma|n.|vat and Yaugandharya|n.|a. Then a ran of fowers fe, and a
ceesta voce was heard--"By the hep of these exceent mnsters, the
prnce sha obtan domnon over the whoe earth." Then the kng
devoved on hs son the cares of empre, and en|oyed n the socety of
M|r.|gvat
the ong-desred peasures of the word. At ast the desre of earthy
en|oyment, behodng suddeny that od age, the harbnger of composure
had reached the root of the kng's ear,|*| became enraged and fed far from
hm. Then that kng Sahasrnka estabshed n hs throne hs exceent
son Udayana,|*| whom the sub|ects oved so we, to ensure the word's
prosperty,
and accompaned by hs mnsters, and hs beoved wfe, ascended the
Hmaya to prepare for the ast great |ourney.
CHAPTER XL
Then Udayana took the kngdom of Vatsa, whch hs father had bequeathed
to hm, and, estabshng hmsef n Kau|'s|mb, rued hs sub|ects
we. But graduay he began to devove the cares of empre upon hs
mnsters, Yaugandharyana and others, and gave hmsef up entrey to
peasures. He was contnuay engaged n the chase, and day and nght
he payed on the meodous ute whch Vsuk|*| gave hm ong ago; and he
subdued evermore nfurated wd eephants, overpowered by the fascnatng
spe of ts strngs' ducet sound, and, tamng them, brought them home.
That kng of Vatsa drank wne adorned by the refecton of the moon-faces
of far women, and at the same tme robbed hs mnster's faces of ther
cheerfu hue.|*| Ony one anxety had he to bear, he kept thnkng, "Nowhere
s a wfe found equa to me n brth and persona appearance, the
maden named Vsavadatt aone has a kng for me, but how s she to be
obtaned?" Cha|n.||d.|amahsena aso n U||ayn thought; "There s no sutabe
husband to be found for my daughter n the word, except one Udayana
by name, and he has ever been my enemy. Then how can I make hm my
* Audng to hs grey hars. In a eastern stones the appearance of the frst
grey har s a momentous epoch. The pont of the whoe passage conssts n the
fact
that |ar, od age, s femnne n form.
* There s a pun between the name of the kng Udayana and prosperty
(udaya).
* Not Vsuk, but hs edest brother.
* Chhy means "coour;" he drank ther coour, . e., made them pae. It aso
means "refecton n the wne."
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son-n-aw and my submssve ay? There s ony one devce whch can
effect t. He wanders about aone n the forest capturng eephants, for he
s a kng addcted to the vce of huntng; I w make use of ths fang
of hs to entrap hm and brng hm here by a stratagem: and, as he s
acquanted wth musc, I w make ths daughter of mne hs pup, and
then hs eye w wthout doubt be charmed wth her, and he w certany
became my son-n-aw, and my obedent ay. No other artfce seems
appcabe
n ths ease for makng hm submssve to my w." Havng thus
refected, he went to the tempe of Durg, n order that hs scheme
mght be bessed wth success, and, after worshp and prase, offered a prayer
to the goddess. And there he heard a bodess voce sayng, " Ths desre
of thne, O kng, sha shorty be accompshed." Then he returned satsfed,
and deberated over that very matter wth the mnster Buddhadatta|*|
sayng--" That prnce s eated wth prde, he s free from avarce, hs sub|ects
are attached to hm, and he s of great power, therefore he cannot be
reached by any of the four usua expedents begnnng wth negotaton,
nevertheess et negotaton be tred frst.|*| Havng thus deberated, the
kng gave ths order to an ambassador, " Go and gve the kng of Vatsa
ths message from me; ' My daughter desres to be thy pup n musc,
f thou ove us, come here and teach her.' " "When sent off by the kng
??wth ths message, the ambassador went and repeated t to the kng of
Vatsa n Kau|'s|mb exacty as t was devered; and the kng of Vatsa,
after hearng ths uncourteous message from the ambassador, repeated t n
prvate to the mnster Yaugandharyana, sayng " Why dd that monarch,
send me that nsoent message? What can be the van's ob|ect n makng
such a proposa?" When the kng asked hm ths queston, the great
mnster Yaugandharyana, who was stern to hs master for hs good, thus
answered hm; " Your reputaton for vce|*| has shot up n the earth ke
a creeper, and ths, O kng, s ts btng btter frut. For that kng
Cha|n.||d.|amahsena,
thnkng that you are the save of your passons, ntends to
ensnare you by means of hs beautfu daughter, throw you nto prson,
and so make you hs unresstng nstrument. Therefore abandon kngy
* . e., gven by Buddha.
* The four Upyas or means of success are sman, negotaton, whch hs prde
woud render fute, dna, gvng, whch appeas to avarce, bheda, sowng
dssenson,
whch woud be useess where a kng s beoved by hs sub|ects, and
da|n.||d.|a, open force,
of no use n the case of a powerfu kng ke Udayana.
* The chef vces of kngs denounced by Hndu wrters on statecraft are:
Huntng,
gambng, seepng n the day, caumny, addcton to women, drnkng sprts,
dancng, sngng, and nstrumenta musc, de roamng, these proceed from the
ove of
peasure, others proceed from anger, vz., tae-bearng, voence, nsdous
n|ury, envy,
detracton, un|ust sezure of property, abuse, assaut. See Moner Wams s. v.
vyasana
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vces, for kngs that fa nto them are easy captured by ther enemes,
even as eephants are taken n pts." When hs mnster had sad ths to
hm, the resoute kng of Vatsa sent n return an ambassador to
Cha|n.||d.|amahsena
wth the foowng repy, " If thy daughter desres to become
my pup, then send her here." When he had sent ths repy, that kng of
Vatsa sad to hs mnsters--" I w march and brng Cha|n.||d.|amahsena
here n chans." When he heard that, the head mnster Yaugandharyana
sad--" That s not a fttng thng to do, my kng, nor s t n thy power
to do t. For Cha|n.||d.|amahsena s a mghty monarch, and not to be subdued
by thee. And n proof of ths, hear hs whoe hstory, whch I now
proceed to reate to thee."
Story of kng Cha|n.||d.|amahsena.
There s n ths and a cty named
U||ayn, the ornament of the earth,
that, so to speak, aughs to scorn wth ts paaces of enameed whteness|*|
Amarvat, the cty of the gods. In that cty dwes |'S|va
hmsef, the ord of exstence, under the form of Mahka,|*| when
he dessts from the kngy vce of absentng hmsef on the heghts
of mount Kasa. In that cty ved a kng named Mahendravarman,
best of monarchs, and he had a son ke hmsef, named |ayasena. Then to
that |ayasena was born a son named Mahsena, matchess n strength of
arm, an eephant among monarchs. And that kng, whe chershng hs
ream, refected, "I have not a sword worthy of me, nor a wfe of good
famy." Thus refectng that monarch went to the tempe of Durg, and
there he remaned wthout food, proptatng for a ong tme the goddess.
Then he cut off peces of hs own fesh, and offered a burnt-offerng wth
them, whereupon the goddess Durg beng peased appeared n vsbe shape.
and sad to hm, " I am peased wth thee, receve from me ths exceent
sword, by means of ts magc power thou shat be nvncbe to a thy
enemes. Moreover thou shat soon obtan as a wfe Angravat, the daughter
of the Asura Angraka, the most beautfu maden n the three words.
And snce thou ddst here perform ths very crue penance, therefore thy
name sha be Cha|n.||d.|amahsena." Havng sad ths and gven hm the
sword, the goddess dsappeared. But n the kng there appeared |oy at the
fufment of hs desre. He now possessed, O kng, two |ewes, hs sword
and a furous eephant named Na|d.|gr, whch were to hm what the
thunderbot and Arva|n.|a are to Indra. Then that kng, deghtng n the
power of these two, one day went to a great forest to hunt; and there he
* Sudhdhauta may mean "whte as paster," but more probaby here
"whtened
wth paster" ke the houses n the European quarter of the "Cty of paaces."
* A nga of |'S|va n U||ayn. |'S|va s here compared to an earthy monarch
sub|ect
to the vyasana of roamng. I take t, the poet means, U||ayn s a better pace
than Kasa.
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behed an enormous and terrbe wd boar; ke the darkness of the nght
suddeny condensed nto a sod mass n the day tme. That boar was not
wounded by the kng's arrows, n spte of ther sharpness, but after breakng
the kng's charot* fed and entered a cavern. The kng, eavng that car
of hs, n revengefu pursut of the boar, entered nto that cavern wth ony
hs bow to ad hm. And after he had gone a ong dstance, he behed a
great and spendd capta, and astonshed he sat down nsde the cty on
the bank of a ake. Whe there, he behed a maden movng aong, surrounded
by hundreds of women, ke the arrow of ove that ceaves the
armour of sef-restrant. She sowy approached the kng, bathng hm, so
to speak, agan and agan n a ook, that raned n showers the nectar of
ove.+ She sad, "who art thou, ustrous sr, and for what reason hast thou
entered our home on ths occason?" The kng, beng thus questoned by her,
tod her the whoe truth; hearng whch, she et fa from her eyes a passonate
food of tears, and from her heart a sef-contro. The kng sad,
"Who art thou, and why dost thou weep?" When he asked her ths queston,
she, beng a prsoner to ove at hs w, answered hm, "The boar that entered
here s the Datya Angraka by name. And I am hs daughter, O kng, and
my name s Angravat. And he s of adamantne frame, and has carred
off these hundred prncesses from the paaces of kngs and apponted them to
attend on me. Moreover ths great Asura has become a Rkshasa owng to
a curse, but to-day as he was exhausted wth thrst and fatgue, even when he
found you, he spared you. At present he has put off the form of a boar and
s restng n hs own proper shape, but when he wakes up from hs seep, he w
wthout fa do you an n|ury. It s for ths reason that I see no hope of
a happy ssue for you, and so these tear-drops fa from my eyes ke my
vta sprts boed wth the fre of gref." When he heard ths speech of
Angravat's the kng sad to her,--"If you ove me, do ths whch I ask you.
When your father awakes, go and weep n front of hm, and then he w
certany ask you the cause of your agtaton; then you must say--If some
one were to say thee, what woud become of me? ++ Ths s the cause of
* Dr. Brockhaus transates t--Strzte den Wagcn des Kngs um. Can Syandana
mean horses, ke magn currus Ach? If so, hatya woud mean, havng ked.
+ Rasa means nectar, and ndeed any qud, and aso emoton, passon. The
pun
s of course most ntentona n the orgna.
++ Cp. the story of Ohm n the "Scansche Mrchen" coected by Laura
von
Gonzenbach where Maruzza asks Ohm how t woud be possbe to k hm. So
n
Indan Fary Taes, coected by Mss Stokes, Hra Bs persuades Sonahr
Rn to
ask hs father where he kept hs sou. Some nterestng remarks on ths sub|ect
w
be found n the notes to ths tae (Indan Fary Taes, p. 260.) See aso No. I, n
Campbe's Taes of the Western Hghands, and Dr. Renhod Kher's remarks n
Orent and Occdent, Vo. II, p. 100. Cp. aso Raston's Russan Fok-Taes, pp. 80,
81
and 136.
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my gref. If you do ths, there w be a happy ssue both for you and
me." When the kng sad ths to her, she promsed hm that she woud
do what he wshed. And that Asura maden, apprehendng msfortune,
paced the kng n conceament, and went near her seepng father. Then
the Datya woke up, and she began to weep. And then he sad to her,
"Why do you weep, my daughter?" She wth affected gref sad to hm, "If
some one were to say thee, what woud become of me?" Then he burst out
aughng and sad;--"Who coud possby say me, my daughter, for I am
cased n adamant a over, ony n my eft hand s there an unguarded pace,
but that s protected by the bow." In these words the Datya consoed hs
daughter, and a ths was heard by the kng n hs conceament. Immedatey
afterwards the Dnava rose up and took hs bath, and proceeded n
devout sence to worshp the god |'S|va; at that moment the kng appeared
wth hs bow bent, and rushng up mpetuousy towards the Datya, chaenged
hm to fght. He, wthout nterruptng hs devout sence, fted hs
eft hand towards the kng and made a sgn that he must wat for a moment.
The kng for hs part, beng very quck of hand, mmedatey smote hm
wth an arrow n that hand whch was hs vta part. And that great Asura
Angraka, beng perced n a vta spot, mmedatey uttered a terrbe cry
and fe on the ground, and excamed, as hs fe departed,--"If that man,
who has san me when thrsty, does not offer water to my manes every
year, then hs fve mnsters sha persh." After he had sad ths, that
Datya ded, and the kng, takng hs daughter Angravat as a prze,
returned to U||ayn. There the kng Cha|n.||d.|amahsena marred that
Datya maden, and two sons were born to hm, the frst named Gopaka,
and the second Paka; and when they were born, he hed a feast n honour
of Indra on ther account. Then Indra, beng peased, sad to that kng
n a dream, "By my favour thou shat obtan a matchess daughter."
Then n course of tme a gracefu daughter was born to that kng, ke a
second and more wonderfu shape of the moon made by the Creator. And
on that occason a voce was heard from heaven;--"She sha gve brth
to a son, who sha be a very ncarnaton of the god of ove, and kng of
the Vdydharas." Then the kng gave that daughter the name of Vsavadatt,
because she was gven by Indra beng peased wth hm. And that
maden st remans unmarred n the house of her father, ke the goddess
of prosperty n the hoow cavty of the ocean before t was churned.
That kng Cha|n.||d.|amahsena cannot ndeed be conquered by you, O kng, n
the frst pace because he s so powerfu, and n the next pace because hs
ream s stuated n a dffcut country. Moreover he s ever ongng to gve
you that daughter of hs n marrage, but beng a proud monarch, he desres
the trumph of hmsef and hs adherents. But, I thnk, you must certany
marry that Vsavadatt. When he heard ths, that kng of Vatsa mmedatey
ost hs heart to Vsavadatt.
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In the meanwhe the ambassador, sent by the kng of Vatsa n answer
to Chandamahsena's embassy, went and tod that monarch hs master's
repy. Chandamahsena for hs part, on hearng t, began to refect--"It
s certan that that proud kng of Vatsa w not come here. And I cannot
send my daughter to hs court, such conduct woud be unbecomng; so I
must capture hm by some stratagem and brng hm here as a prsoner."
Havng thus refected and deberated wth hs mnsters, the kng had
made a arge artfca eephant ke hs own, and, after fng t wth conceaed
warrors, he paced t n the Vndhya forest. There the scouts kept
n hs pay by the kng of Vatsa, who was passonatey fond of the sport of
eephant-catchng, dscerned t from a dstance;|*| and they came wth speed
and nformed the kng of Vatsa n these words: "O kng, we have seen a
snge eephant roamng n the Vndhya forest, such that nowhere ese n
ths wde word s hs equa to be found, fng the sky wth hs stature,
ke a movng peak of the Vndhya range."
Then the kng re|oced on hearng ths report from the scouts, and he
gave them a hundred thousand god peces by way of reward. The kng
spent that nght n thnkng; "If I obtan that mghty eephant, a ft match
for Nadgr, then that Chandamahsena w certany be n my power,
and then he w of hs own accord gve me hs daughter Vsavadatt." So
n the mornng he started for the Vndhya forest, makng these scouts
shew hm the way, dsregardng, n hs ardent desre to capture the eephant,
the advce of hs mnsters. He dd not pay any attenton to the fact, that
the astroogers sad, that the poston of the heaveny bodes at the moment
of hs departure portended the acquston of a maden together wth
mprsonment.
When the kng of Vatsa reached the Vndhya forest, he
made hs troops hat at a dstance through fear of aarmng that eephant,
and accompaned by the scouts ony, hodng n hs hand hs meodous
ute, he entered that great forest boundess as hs own kngy vce. The
kng saw on the southern sope of the Vndhya range that eephant ookng
ke a rea one, ponted out to hm by hs scouts from a dstance. He
sowy approached t, aone, payng on hs ute, thnkng how he shoud
bnd t, and sngng n meodous tones. As hs mnd was fxed on hs
* They woud not go near for fear of dsturbng t. Wd eephants are tmd, so
there s more probabty n ths story, than n that of the Tro|an horse. Even
now
scouts who mark down a wd beast n Inda, amost ose ther heads wth
exctement.
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musc, and the shades of evenng were settng n, that kng dd not perceve
that the supposed wd eephant was an artfca one. The eephant
too for ts part, ftng up ts ears and fappng them, as f through deght
n the musc, kept advancng and then retrng, and so drew the kng to a
great dstance. And then, suddeny ssung from that artfca eephant, a
body of soders n fu armour surrounded that kng of Vatsa. When he
behed them, the kng n a rage drew hs huntng knfe, but whe he was
fghtng wth those n front of hm, he was sezed by others comng up
behnd. And those warrors wth the hep of others, who appeared at a
concerted sgna, carred that kng of Vatsa nto the presence of
Cha|n.||d.|amahsena.
Cha|n.||d.|amahsena for hs part came out to meet hm wth the
utmost respect, and entered wth hm the cty of U||ayn. Then the newy
arrved kng of Vatsa was behed by the ctzens, ke the moon, peasng to
the eyes, though spotted wth humaton. Then a the ctzens, suspectng
that he was to be put to death, through regard for hs vrtues assembed
and determned to commt sucde.|*| Then the kng Cha|n.||d.|amahsena put
a stop to the agtaton of the ctzens, by nformng them that he dd not
ntend to put the monarch of Vatsa to death, but to wn hm over. So
the kng made over hs daughter Vsavadatt on the spot to the kng o
Vatsa, to be taught musc, and sad to hm--"Prnce, teach ths ady musc;
n ths way you w obtan a happy ssue to your adventure, do not despond."
But when he behed that far ady, the mnd of the kng of Vatsa was so
steeped n ove that he put out of sght hs anger: and her heart and mnd
turned towards hm together; her eye was then averted through modesty,
but her mnd not at a. So the kng of Vatsa dwet n the concert-room
of Cha|n.||d.|amahsena's paace, teachng Vsavadatt to sng, wth hs eyes
ever fxed on her. In hs ap was hs ute, n hs throat the quarter-tone of
voca musc, and n front of hm stood Vsavadatt deghtng hs heart.
And that prncess Vsavadatt was devoted n her attentons to hm,
resembng
the goddess of Fortune n that she was frmy attached to hm,
and dd not eave hm though he was a captve.
In the meanwhe the men who had accompaned the kng returned to
Kau|'s|mb, and the country, hearng of the captvty of the monarch, was
thrown nto a state of great exctement. Then the enraged sub|ects, out of
ove for the kng of Vatsa, wanted to make a genera|*| assaut on U||ayn.
But Rumanvat checked the mpetuous fury of the sub|ects by teng them
that Cha|n.||d.|amahsena was not to be overcome by force, for he was a
mghty
monarch, and besdes that an assaut was not advsabe, for t mght endanger
the safety of the kng of Vatsa; but ther ob|ect must be attaned
by pocy. Then the cam and resoute Yaugandharya|u.|a, seeng that the
* I. e., they sat n Dharna outsde the door of the paace.
* Perhaps we shoud read samantatah one word.
10
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country was oya, and woud not swerve from ts aegance, sad to
Rumanvat and the others; "A of you must reman here, ever on the aert;
you must guard ths country, and when a ft occason comes you must
dspay your prowess; but I w go accompaned by Vasantaka ony,
and w wthout fa accompsh by my wsdom the deverance of the kng
and brng hm home. For he s a truy frm and resoute man whose wsdom
shnes forth n adversty, as the ghtnng fash s especay brant
durng petng ran. I know spes for breakng through was, and for
rendng fetters, and recepts for becomng nvsbe, servceabe at need."
Havng sad ths, and entrusted to Rumanvat the care of the sub|ects,
Yaugandharyana set out from Kau|'s|mb wth Vasantaka. And wth hm
he entered the Vndhya forest, fu of fe|*| ke hs wsdom, ntrcate and
trackess as hs pocy. Then he vsted the paace of the kng of the
Pundas, Pundaka by name, who dwet on a peak of the Vndhya range,
and was an ay of the kng of Vatsa. He frst paced hm, wth a arge
force at hs hees, n readness to protect the kng of Vatsa when he returned
that way, and then he went on accompaned by Vasantaka and at ast
arrved at the burnng-ground of Mahka n U||ayn, whch was densey
tenanted by vampres|*| that smet of carron, and hovered hther and thther,
back as nght, rvang the smoke-wreaths of the funera pyres. And
there a Brhman-Rkshasa of the name of Yoge|'s|vara mmedatey came up
to hm, deghted to see hm, and admtted hm nto hs frendshp; then
Yaugandharyana by means of a charm, whch he taught hm, suddeny
atered hs shape. That charm mmedatey made hm deformed, hunch-backed,
and od, and besdes gave hm the appearance of a madman, so that
he produced oud aughter n those who behed hm. And n the same way
Yaugandharyana, by means of that very charm, gave Vasantaka a body
fu of outstandng vens, wth a arge stomach, and an ugy mouth wth
pro|ectng teeth; then he sent Vasantaka on n front to the gate of the
kng's paace, and entered U||ayn wth such an appearance as I have
descrbed.
There he, sngng and dancng, surrounded by Brhman boys,
behed wth curosty by a, made hs way to the kng's paace. And there
he excted by that behavour the curosty of the kng's wves, and was at
* Sattva, when apped to the forest, means anma, when apped to wsdom, t
means exceence.
* Veta s especay used of a gobn that tenants dead bodes. See Coone R.
Burton's Taes of Vkramdtya and the Vampre. They w be found n the 12th
book of ths work. In the Vth Chapter of Baston's Russan Fok-Taes w be
found
much nterestng nformaton wth regard to the Savonc supersttons about
Vampres.
They resembe very cosey those of the Hndus. See especay p. 311. "At
cross-roads,
or n the neghbourhood of cemeteres, an anmated corpse of ths descrpton
often urks, watchng for some unwary traveer whom t may be abe to say
and eat."
-----Fe: 087.png---------------------------------------------------------
ast heard of by Vsavadatt. She qucky sent a mad and had hm
brought to the concert-room. For youth s twn-brother to mrth. And
when Yaugandharyana came there and behed the kng of Vatsa n fetters,
though he had assumed the appearance of a madman, he coud not hep
sheddng tears. And he made a sgn to the kng of Vatsa, who qucky
recognzed hm, though he had come n dsguse. Then Yaugandharyana
by means of hs magc power made hmsef nvsbe to Vsavadatt and
her mads. So the kng aone saw hm, and they a sad wth astonshment,
"that manac has suddeny escaped somewhere or other." Then the
kng of Vatsa hearng them say that, and seeng Yaugandharyana n front
of hm, understood that ths was due to magc, and cunnngy sad to
Vsavadatt; "Go my good gr, and brng the requstes for the worshp
of Sarasvat." When she heard that, she sad, "So I w," and went out
wth her companons. Then Yaugandharyana approached the kng and
communcated to hm, accordng to the prescrbed form, spes for breakng
chans; and at the same tme he furnshed hm wth other charms for
wnnng the heart of Vsavadatt, whch were attached to the strngs of
the ute; and nformed hm that Vasantaka had come there and was standng
outsde the door n a changed form, and recommended hm to have that
Brhman summoned to hm; at the same tme he sad--"When ths ady
Vsavadatt sha come to repose confdence n you, then you must do what
I te you, at the present reman quet." Havng sad ths, Yaugandharyana
qucky went out, and mmedatey Vsavadatt entered wth the
requstes for the worshp of Sarasvat. Then the kng sad to her,
"There s a Brhman standng outsde the door, et hm be brought n to
ceebrate ths ceremony n honour of Sarasvat, n order that he may obtan
a sacrfca fee." Vsavadatt consented, and had Vasantaka, who wore a
deformed shape, summoned from the door nto the musc-ha. And when
he was brought and saw the kng of Vatsa, he wept for sorrow, and then
the kng sad to hm, n order that the secret mght not be dscovered,
"O Brhman, I w remove a ths deformty of thne produced by sckness;
do not weep, reman here near me." And then Vasantaka sad--"It s a
great condescenson on thy part, O kng." And the kng seeng how he
was deformed coud not keep hs countenance. And when he saw that,
Vasantaka guessed what was n the kng's mnd, and aughed so that the
deformty of hs dstorted face was ncreased; and thereupon Vsavadatt,
behodng hm grnnng ke a do, burst out aughng aso, and was much
deghted; then the young ady asked Vasantaka n fun the foowng queston:
"Brhman, what scence are you famar wth, te us?" So he sad,
"Prncess, I am an adept at teng taes." Then she sad "Come, te me
a tae." Then n order to pease that prncess, Vasantaka tod the foowng
tae, whch was charmng by ts comc humour and varety.
-----Fe: 088.png---------------------------------------------------------
Story of Rpnk.
There s n ths country a cty
named Mathur, the brthpace of
K|r.|sh|n.|a, n t there was a hetra known by the name of Rp|n.|k; she
had for a mother an od ku|t.||t.|n named Makaradansh|t.|r, who seemed a
ump of poson n the eyes of the young men attracted by her daughter's
charms. One day Rp|n.|k went at the tme of worshp to the tempe to
perform her duty,|*| and behed from a dstance a young man. When she
saw that handsome young feow, he made such an mpresson upon her
heart, that a her mother's nstructons vanshed from t. Then she sad
to her mad, "Go and te ths man from me, that he s to come to my house
to-day." The mad sad, "So I w," and mmedatey went and tod hm.
Then the man thought a tte and sad to her; "I am a Brhman named
Loha|angha; I have no weath; then what busness have I n the house of
Rp|n.|k whch s ony to be entered by the rch." The mad sad,--"My
mstress does not desre weath from you,"--whereupon Loha|angha consented
to do as she wshed. When she heard that from the mad, Rp|n.|k
went home n a state of exctement, and remaned wth her eyes fxed on.
the path by whch he woud come. And soon Loha|angha came to her
house, whe the ku|t.||t.|n Makaradansh|t.|r ooked at hm, and wondered
where he came from. Rp|n.|k, for her part, when she saw hm, rose up to
meet hm hersef wth the utmost respect, and cngng to hs neck n her
|oy, ed hm to her own prvate apartments. Then she was captvated wth
Loha|angha's weath of accompshments, and consdered that she had been
ony born to ove hm. So she avoded the socety of other men, and that
young feow ved wth her n her house n great comfort. Rp|n.|k's
mother, Makaradansh|t.|r, who had traned up many hetr, was annoyed
when she saw ths, and sad to her n prvate; "My daughter, why do you
assocate wth a poor man? Hetr of good taste embrace a corpse n
preference to a poor man. What busness has a hetra ke you wth
affecton? How have you come to forget that great prncpe? The
ght of a red|*| sunset asts but a short tme, and so does the spendour of
a hetra who gves way to affecton. A hetra, ke an actress, shoud exhbt
an assumed affecton n order to get weath; so forsake ths pauper, do not
run yoursef." When she heard ths speech of her mother's, Rp|n.|k sad
n a rage, "Do not tak n ths way, for I ove hm more than my fe.
And as for weath, I have penty, what do I want wth more? So you
must not speak to me agan, mother, n ths way." When she heard ths,
Makaradansh|t.|r was n a rage, and she remaned thnkng over some devce
for gettng rd of ths Loha|angha. Then she saw comng aong the road a
certan R|pt, who had spent a hs weath, surrounded by retaners wth
* Such peope dance n tempes I beeve.
* Rgn means affectonate and aso red.
-----Fe: 089.png---------------------------------------------------------
swords n ther hands. So she went up to hm qucky and takng hm
asde, sad--"My house s beset by a certan poor over. So come there
yoursef to-day, and take such order wth hm that he sha depart from
my house, and do you possess my daughter." "Agreed," sad the R|pt,
and entered that house. At that precse moment Rp|n.|k was n the
tempe, and Loha|angha meanwhe was absent somewhere, and suspectng
nothng, he returned to the house a moment afterwards. Immedatey the
retaners of the R|pt ran upon hm, and gave hm severe kcks and bows
on a hs mbs, and then they threw hm nto a dtch fu of a knds of
mpurtes, and Loha|angha wth dffcuty escaped from t. Then Rp|n.|k
returned to the house, and when she heard what had taken pace, she
was dstracted wth gref, so the R|pt, seeng that, returned as he came.
Loha|angha, after sufferng ths bruta outrage by the machnatons of
the ku|t.||t.|n, set out for some hoy pace of pgrmage, n order to eave hs
fe there, now that he was separated from hs beoved. As he was gong
aong n the wd country,|*| wth hs heart burnng wth anger aganst the
ku|t.||t.|n, and hs skn wth the heat of the summer, he onged for shade.
Not beng abe to fnd a tree, he ghted on the body of an eephant, whch
had been strpped of a ts fesh|*| by |ackas makng ther way nto t by
the hnd-quarters; accordngy Loha|angha beng worn out crept nto ths
carcase, whch was a mere she, as ony the skn remaned, and went to
seep n t, as t was kept coo by the breeze whch freey entered. Then
suddeny couds arose from a sdes, and began to pour down a petng
shower of ran; that ran made the eephant's skn contract so that no
aperture was eft, and mmedatey a copous nundaton came that way,
and carryng off the eephant's hde swept t nto the Ganges; so eventuay
the nundaton bore t nto the sea. And there a brd of the race of
Garu|d.|a saw that hde, and supposng t to be carron, took t to the other
sde of the sea; there t tore open the eephant's hde wth ts caws, and,
seeng that there was a man nsde t, fed away. But Loha|angha was
awaked by the brd's peekng and scratchng, and came out through the
aperture made by ts beak. And fndng that he was on the other sde of
the sea, he was astonshed, and ooked upon the whoe thng as a day-dream;
then he saw there to hs terror two horrbe Rkshasas, and those two for
ther part contempated hm from a dstance wth feengs of fear, Remem-*
* Atav s generay transated "forest." I beeve the Engsh word "forest" does
not necessary mpy trees, but t s perhaps better to avod t here.
* For the vrtam of the text I read k|r.|tam. Cp. ths ncdent wth |oseph's
adventure n the 6th story of the Scanscho Mrchen. He s sewn up n a
horse's
skn, and carred by ravens to the top of a hgh mountan. There he stamps and
fnds a wooden trap-door under hs feet. In the notes Dr. Kher refers to ths
passage,
Campbe No. 44, the Story of Sndbad and other paraes,|** .? |
-----Fe: 090.png---------------------------------------------------------
|** 1st ne mssng n OCR|
*berng how they were defeated by Rma, and seeng that Loha|angha was
aso a man who had crossed the sea, they were once more aarmed n ther
hearts. So, after they had deberated together, one of them went off
mmedatey and tod the whoe occurrence to kng Vbhsha|n.|a; kng
Vbhsha|n.|a
too, as he had seen the prowess of Rma, beng terrfed at the
arrva of a man, sad to that Rkshasa; "Go, my good frend, and te that
man from me n a frendy manner, that he s to do me the favour of comng
to my paace." The Rkshasa sad, "I w do so," and tmdy approached
Loha|angha, and tod hm that request of hs soveregn's. Loha|angha for
hs part accepted that nvtaton wth unruffed cam, and went to Lanka
wth that Rkshasa and hs companon. And when he arrved n Lanka, he
was astonshed at behodng numerous spendd edfces of god, and enterng
the kng's paace, he saw Vbhsha|n.|a. The kng wecomed the Brhman
who bessed hm n return, and then Vbhsha|n.|a|**-->| sad, "Brhman, how
dd
you manage to reach ths country?" Then the cunnng Loha|angha sad
to Vbhsha|n.|a--"I am a Brhman of the name of Loha|angha resdng
n Mathur; and I, Loha|angha beng affcted at my poverty, went to the
tempe of the god, and remanng fastng, for a ong tme performed
austertes n the presence of Nrya|n.|a.|*| Then the adorabe Har|*|
commanded
me n a dream, sayng, 'Go thou to Vbhsha|n.|a, for he s a fathfu
worshpper of mne, and he w gve thee weath.' Then, I sad,
'Vbhsha|n.|a s where I cannot reach hm'--but the ord contnued,
'To-day shat thou see that Vbhsha|n.|a.' So the ord spake to me, and
mmedatey I woke up and found mysef upon ths sde of the sea. I
know no more." When Vbhsha|n.|a heard ths from Loha|angha, refectng
that Lanka was a dffcut pace to reach, he thought to hmsef--"Of a
truth ths man possesses dvne power." And he sad to that Brhman,--Reman
here, I w gve you weath." Then he commtted hm to the care
of the man-sayng Rkshasas as an nvoabe depost; and sent some of
hs sub|ects to a mountan n hs kngdom caed Swar|n.|ama, and brought
from t a young brd beongng to the race of Garu|d.|a; and he gave t to
that Loha|angha, (who had to take a ong |ourney to Mathur,) to rde upon,
n order that he mght n the meanwhe break t n. Loha|angha for hs
part mounted on ts back, and rdng about on t n Lank, rested there
for some tme, beng hosptaby entertaned by Vbhsha|n.|a.
One day he asked the kng of the Rkshasas, feeng curosty on the
pont, why the whoe ground of Lank was made of wood; and Vbhsha|n.|a
when be beard that, expaned the crcumstance to hm, sayng, " Brhman,
f you take any nterest n ths matter, sten, I w expan t to you.
Long ago Garu|d.|a the son of Ka|'s|yapa, wshng to redeem hs mother from
her savery to the snakes, to whom she had been sub|ected n accordance
* Names of Vsh|n.|u, who became ncarnate n the hero K|r.|sh|n.|a.
-----Fe: 091.png---------------------------------------------------------
|** top ne mssng n OCR|
wth an agreement,|*| and preparng to obtan from the gods the nectar
whch was the prce of her ransom, wanted to eat somethng whch woud
ncrease hs strength, and so he went to hs father, who beng mportuned
sad to hm, "My son, n the sea there s a huge eephant, and a huge tortose.
They have assumed ther present forms n consequence of a curse:
go and eat them." Then Garu|d.|a went and brought them both to eat, and
then perched on a bough of the great wshng-tree of paradse. And
when that bough suddeny broke wth hs weght, he hed t up wth hs
beak, out of regard to the Bakhyas|*| "who were engaged n austertes
underneath t. Then Garu|d.|a, afrad that the bough woud crush manknd,
f he et t fa at random, by the advce of hs father brought the bough
to ths unnhabted part of the earth, and et t drop. Lank was but on
the top of that bough, therefore the ground here s of wood." When he
heard ths from Vbhsha|n.|a, Loha|angha was perfecty satsfed.
Then Vbhsha|n.|a gave to Loha|angha many vauabe |ewes, as he
desred to set out for Mathur. And out of hs devoton to the god Vsh|n.|u,
who dwes at Mathur, he entrusted to the care of Loha|angha a otus,
a cub, a she, and a dscus a of god, to be offered to the god; Loha|angha
took a these, and mounted the brd gven to hm by Vbhsha|n.|a, that
coud accompsh a hundred thousand yo|anas,|*| and rsng up nto the ar
n Lank, he crossed the sea and wthout any dffcuty arrved at Mathur.
And there he descended from the ar n an empty convent outsde the town,
and deposted there hs abundant treasure, and ted up that brd. And then
he went nto the market and sod one of hs |ewes, and bought garments
and scented unguents, and aso food. And he ate the food n that convent
where he was, and gave some to hs brd; and he adorned hmsef wth the
garments, unguents, fowers and other decoratons. And when nght came,
he mounted that same brd and went to the house of Rp|n.|k, bearng n
hs hand the she, dscus and mace; then he hovered over t n the ar,
knowng the pace we, and made a ow deep sound, to attract the attenton
of hs beoved, who was aone. But Rp|n.|k, as soon as she heard
that sound, came out, and saw hoverng n the ar by nght a beng ke
Nryana, geamng wth |ewes. He sad to her, "I am Har come hther
for thy sake;" whereupon she bowed wth her face to the earth and sad--*
* See Chapter 22 |'s|. 181 and ff. Ka|'s|yapa's two wves dsputed about the
coour
of the sun's horses. They agreed that whchever was n the wrong shoud
become a
save to the other. Kadr, the mother of the snakes, won by gettng her chdren
to
darken the horses. So Garu|d.|a's mother Vnat became a save.
* Dvne personages of the sze of a thumb; sxty thousand were produced from
Brahm's body and surrounded the charot of the sun.
* A yo|ana s probaby 9 mes, some say 2-1/2, some 4 or 5. Sec Moner
Wams
s. v.
-----Fe: 092.png---------------------------------------------------------
"May the god have mercy upon me!" Then Loha|angha descended and
ted up hs brd, and entered the prvate apartments of hs beoved hand n
hand wth her. And after remanng there a short tme, he came out, and
mountng the brd as before, went off through the ar.|*| In the mornng
Rp|n.|k remaned observng an obstnate sence, thnkng to hersef--"I
am the wfe of the god Vshnu, I must cease to converse wth mortas."
And then her mother Makaradansh|t.|r sad to her,--" Why do you behave
n ths way, my daughter?" And after she had been perseverngy questoned
by her mother, she caused to be put up a curtan between hersef and
her parent, and tod her what had taken pace n the nght, whch was the
cause of her sence. When the ku|t.||t.|n heard that, she fet doubt on the
sub|ect, but soon after at nght she saw that very Loha|angha mounted on
the brd, and n the mornng Makaradansh|t.|r came secrety to Rp|n.|k,
who st remaned behnd the curtan, and ncnng hersef humby, preferred
to her ths request; "Through the favour of the god, thou, my
daughter, hast obtaned here on earth the rank of a goddess, and I am thy
mother n ths word, therefore grant me a reward for gvng thee brth;
entreat the god that, od as I am, wth ths very body I may enter Paradse;
do me ths favour." Rp|n.|k consented and requested that very boon from
Loha|angha, who came agan at nght dsgused as Vshnu. Then Loha|angha,
who was personatng the god, sad to that beoved of hs--"Thy mother
s a wcked woman, t woud not be fttng to take her openy to Paradse,
but on the mornng of the eeventh day the door of heaven s opened, and
many of the Ga|n.|as, |'S|va's companons, enter nto t before any one ese s
admtted. Among them I w ntroduce ths mother of thne, f she assume
ther appearance. So, shave her head wth a razor, n such a manner that
fve ocks sha be eft, put a neckace of scus round her neck, and strppng
off her cothes, pant one sde of her body wth amp-back, and the
other wth red ead,|*| for when she has n ths way been made to resembe
a Ga|n.|a, I sha fnd t an easy matter to get her nto heaven." When he
had sad ths, Loha|angha remaned a short tme, and then departed. And
n the mornng Rp|n.|k attred her mother as he had drected; and then
she remaned wth her mnd entrey fxed on Paradse. So, when nght
came, Loha|angha appeared agan, and Rp|n.|k handed over her mother to
* Compare the 5th story n the frst book of the Panchatantra, n Benfey's
transaton.
Benfey shows that ths story found ts way nto Mahometan coectons, such as
the
Thousand and one Nghts, and the Thousand and one Days, as aso nto the
Decamerone
of Boccacco, and other European story-books, Vo. I, p. 159, and ff.
The story, as gven n the Panchatantra, remnds us of the Squro's Tae n
Chaucer.
* Thus she represented the Arddhanr|'s|vara, or |'S|va haf mae, and haf
femae,
whch compound fgure s to be panted n ths manner.
-----Fe: 093.png---------------------------------------------------------
|** top ne not n OCR|
hm. Then he mounted on the brd, and took the ku|t.||t.|n wth hm naked,
and transformed as he had drected, and he few up rapdy wth her nto
the ar. Whe he was n the ar, he behed a ofty stone par n front of
a tempe, wth a dscus on ts summt. So he paced her on the top of the
par, wth the dscus as her ony support,|*| and there she hung ke a
banner to bazon forth hs revenge for hs -usage. He sad to her--"Reman
here a moment whe I bess the earth wth my approach," and vanshed
from her sght. Then behodng a number of peope n front of the
tempe, who had come there to spend the nght n devout vgs before the
festve processon, he caed aoud from the ar--"Hear, ye peope, ths very
day there sha fa upon you here the a-destroyng goddess of Pestence,
therefore fy to Har for protecton." When they heard ths voce from
the ar, a the nhabtants of Mathur who were there, beng terrfed,
mpored the protecton of the god, and remaned devouty mutterng
prayers to ward off caamty. Loha|angha, for hs part, descended from the
ar, and encouraged them to pray, and after changng that dress of hs, came
and stood among the peope, wthout beng observed. The ku|t.||t.|n thought,
as she sat upon the top of the par,--"the god has not come as yet, and I
have not reached heaven." At ast feeng t mpossbe to reman up there
any onger, she cred out n her fear, so that the peope beow heard;
"Aas! I am fang, I am fang." Hearng that, the peope n front of
the god's tempe were besde themseves, fearng that the destroyng goddess
was fang upon them, even as had been foretod, and sad, "O goddess, do
not fa, do not fa." So those peope of Mathur, young and od, spent
that nght n perpetua dread that the destroyng goddess woud fa upon
them, but at ast t came to an end; and then behodng that ku|t.||t.|n upon
the par n the state descrbed,|*| the ctzens and the kng recognzed her
at once; a the peope thereupon forgot ther aarm, and burst out aughng,
and Rp|n.|k hersef at ast arrved havng heard of the occurrence.
And when she saw t, she was abashed, and wth the hep of the peope,
who were there, she managed to get that mother of hers down from the top
of the par mmedatey: then that ku|t.||t.|n was asked by a the peope
there, who were fed wth curosty, to te them the whoe story, and she
* She hed on to t by her hands.
* Wson remarks that ths presents some anaogy to the story n the
Decamerone
(Nov. 7 Gor. 8) of the schoar and the wdow "a quae eg con un suo consgo,
d
mezzo Lugo, gnuda, tutto un d fa stare n su una torre." It aso bears some
resembance
to the story of the Master Thef n Thorpe's Yue-tde Stores, page 272. The
Master thef persuades the prest that he w take hm to heaven. He thus
nduces
hm to get nto a sack, and then he throws hm nto the goose-house, and when
the
geese peck hm, tes hm that he s n purgatory. The story s Norwegan. See
aso
Sr G. W. Cox's Mythoogy of the Aryan Natons, Vo. 1. p. 127.
-----Fe: 094.png---------------------------------------------------------
dd so. Thereupon the kng, the Brhmans, and the merchants, thnkng
that that aughabe ncdent must have been brought about by a sorcerer or
some person of that descrpton, made a procamaton, that whoever had
made a foo of the ku|t.||t.|n, who had deceved nnumerabe overs, was to
shew
hmsef, and he woud receve a turban of honour on the spot. When he
heard that, Loha|angha made hmsef known to those present, and beng
questoned, he reated the whoe story from ts commencement. And he
offered to the god the dscus, she, cub, and otus of god, the present
whch Vbhsha|n.|a had sent, and whch aroused the astonshment of the
peope. Then a the peope of Mathur, beng peased, mmedatey
nvested hm wth a turban of honour, and by the command of the kng,
made that Rp|n.|k a free woman. And then Loha|angha, havng wreaked
upon the ku|t.||t.|n hs wrath caused by her -usage of hm, ved n great
comfort n Mathur wth that beoved of hs, beng very we off by means
of the arge stock of |ewes whch he brought from Lank.
Hearng ths tae from the mouth of the transformed Vasantaka, Vsavadatt
who was sttng at the sde of the fettered kng of Vatsa, fet
extreme deght n her heart.
CHAPTER XIII.
As tme went on, Vsavadatt began to fee a great affecton for the
kng of Vatsa, and to take part wth hm aganst her father. Then
Yaugandhraya|n.|a
agan came n to see the kng of Vatsa, makng hmsef
nvsbe to a the others, who were there. And he gave hm the foowng
nformaton n prvate n the presence of Vasantaka ony; "Kng, you were
made captve by kng Cha|n.||d.|amahsena by means of an artfce. And he
wshes to gve you hs daughter, and set you at berty, treatng you wth
a honour; so et us carry off hs daughter and escape. For n ths way
we sha have revenged ourseves upon the haughty monarch, and we sha
not be thought ghty of n the word for want of prowess. Now the kng
has gven that daughter of hs, Vsavadatt, a femae eephant caed
Bhadravat.
And no other eephant but Nadgr s swft enough to catch her
up, and he w not fght when he sees her. The drver of ths eephant s
a man here caed Ash|d.|haka, and hm I have won over to our sde by
gvng hm much weath. So you must mount that eephant wth Vsavadatt,
fuy armed, and start from ths pace secrety by nght. And you
must have the superntendent of the roya eephants here made drunk wth
wne, n order that he may not perceve what s about to take pace, for he
-----Fe: 095.png---------------------------------------------------------
understands every sgn that eephants gve. I, for my part, w frst repar
to your ay Pundaka n order that he may be prepared to guard the road
by whch you escape." When he had sad ths, Yaugandharya|n.|a departed.
So the kng of Vatsa stored up a hs nstructons n hs heart; and soon
Vsavadatt came to hm. Then he made a knds of confdenta speeches
to her, and at ast tod her what Yaugandharya|n.|a had sad to hm. She
consented to the proposa, and made up her mnd to start, and causng the
eephant drver Ash|d.|haka to be summoned, she prepared hs mnd for the
attempt, and on the pretext of worshppng the gods, she gave the
superntendent
of the eephants, wth a the eephant drvers, a suppy of sprts,
and made them drunk. Then n the evenng, whch was dsturbed wth the
echong roar of couds,|*| Ash|d.|haka brought that femae eephant ready
harnessed, but she, whe she was beng harnessed, uttered a cry, whch was
heard by the superntendent of the eephants, who was sked n eephants'
anguage; and he fatered out n a voce ndstnct from excessve
ntoxcaton,--"the
femae eephant says, she s gong sxty-three yo|anas to-day."
But hs mnd n hs drunken state was not capabe of reasonng, and the
eephant-drvers, who were aso ntoxcated, dd not even hear what he sad.
Then the kng of Vatsa broke hs chans by means of the charms, whch
Yaugandharya|n.|a had gven hm, and took that ute of hs, and Vsavadatt
of her own accord brought hm hs weapons, and then he mounted the
femae eephant wth Vasantaka. And then Vsavadatt mounted the same
eephant wth her frend and confdante Knchanam; then the kng of
Vatsa went out from U||ayn wth fve persons n a, ncudng hmsef and
the eephant-drver, by a path whch the nfurated eephant cove through
the rampart.
And the kng attacked and sew the two warrors who guarded that
pont, the R|pts Vrabhu and Tabha|t.|a. Then the monarch set out
rapdy on hs |ourney n hgh sprts, mounted on the femae eephant,
together wth hs beoved, Ash|d.|haka hodng the eephant-hook; n the
meanwhe n U||ayn the cty-patro behed those guards of the rampart
yng dead, and n consternaton reported the news to the kng at nght.
Cha|n.||d.|amahsena enqured nto the matter, and found out at ast that the
kng of Vatsa had escaped, takng Vsavadatt wth hm. Then the aarm
spread through the cty, and one of hs sons named Paka mounted Na|d.|gr
and pursued the kng of Vatsa. The kng of Vatsa for hs part, combated
hm wth arrows as he advanced, and Na|d.|gr, seeng that femae
eephant, woud not attack her. Then Paka, who was ready to sten to
reason, was nduced to desst from the pursut by hs brother Gopaka,
who had hs father's nterests at heart; then the kng of Vatsa body con-*
* |Greek: **| Thucyd.
III. 22.
-----Fe: 096.png---------------------------------------------------------
tmed hs |ourney, and a he |ourneyed, the nght graduay came to an
end. So by the mdde of the day the kng had reached the Vndhya forest,
and hs eephant havng |ourneyed sxty-three yo|anas, was thrsty. So the
kng and hs wfe dsmounted, and the femae eephant havng drunk water,
owng to ts beng bad, fe dead on the spot. Then the kng of Vatsa and
Vsavadatt, n ther despar, heard ths voce comng from the ar--"I, O
kng, am a femae Vdydhara named Myvat, and for ths ong tme I
have been a femae eephant n consequence of a curse; and to-day, O ord
of Vatsa, I have done you a good turn, and I w do another to your son
that s to be: and ths queen of yours Vsavadatt s not a mere morta;
she s a goddess for a certan cause ncarnate on the earth." Then the kng
reganed hs sprts, and sent on Vasantaka to the pateau of the Vndhya
hs to announce hs arrva to hs ay Pundaka; and as he was hmsef
|ourneyng aong sowy on foot wth hs beoved, he was surrounded by
brgands, who sprang out from an ambuscade. And the kng, wth ony hs
bow to hep hm, sew one hundred and fve of them before the eyes of
Vsavadatt. And mmedatey the kng's ay Pundaka came up, together
wth Yaugandharyana, Vasantaka shewng them the way. The kng
of the Bhees ordered the survvng brgands|*| to desst, and after prostratng
hmsef before the kng of Vatsa, conducted hm wth hs beoved to
hs own vage. The kng rested there that nght wth Vsavadatt, whose
foot had been cut wth a bade of forest grass, and eary n the mornng the
genera Rumanvat reached hm, who had before been summoned by
Yaugandharyana,
who sent a messenger to hm. And the whoe army came wth
hm, fng the and as far as the eye coud reach, so that the Vndhya
forest appeared to be beseged. So that kng of Vatsa entered nto the
encampment of hs army, and remaned n that wd regon to wat for
news from U||ayn. And, whe he was there, a merchant came from
U||ayn, a frend of Yaugandharyana's, and when he had arrved reported
these tdngs, "The kng Chandamahsena s peased to have thee for a
son-n-aw, and he has sent hs warder to thee. The warder s on the way,
but he has stopped short of ths pace, however, I came secrety on n front
of hm, as fast as I coud, to brng your Hghness nformaton."
When he heard ths, the kng of Vatsa re|oced, and tod t a to
Vsavadatt, and she was exceedngy deghted. Then Vsavadatt, havng
abandoned her own reatons, and beng anxous for the ceremony of marrage,
was at the same tme bashfu and mpatent: then she sad, n order
* The word dasyu here means savage, barbaran. These wd mountan trbes
caed ndscrmnatey |'S|avaras, Pundas, Bhas &c., seem to have been
addcted to
catte-ftng and brgandage. So the word dasyu comes to mean robber. Even
the
vrtuous |'S|avara prnce descrbed n the story of |mtavhana punders a
caravan.
-----Fe: 097.png---------------------------------------------------------
to dvert her thoughts, to Vasantaka who was n attendance--"Te me some
story." Then the sagacous Vasantaka tod that far-eyed one the foowng
tae n order to ncrease her affecton for her husband.
Story of Devasmt.
There s a cty n the word
famous under the name of Tmrapt,
and n that cty there was a very rch merchant named Dhanadatta.
And he, beng chdess, assembed many Brhmans and sad to them wth
due respect; "Take such steps as w procure me a son soon." Then those
Brhmans sad to hm: "Ths s not at a dffcut, for Brhmans can
accompsh a thngs n ths word by means of ceremones n accordance
wth the scrptures. To gve you an nstance there was n od tme a kng
who had no sons, and he had a hundred and fve wves n hs harem. And
by means of a sacrfce to procure a son, there was born to hm a son named
|antu, who was ke the rsng of the new moon to the eyes of hs wves.
Once on a tme an ant bt the boy on the thgh as he was crawng about
on hs knees, so that he was very unhappy and sobbed oudy. Thereupon
the whoe harem was fu of confused amentaton, and the kng hmsef
shreked out 'My son! my son!' ke a common man. The boy was soon
comforted, the ant havng been removed, and the kng bamed the msfortune
of hs ony havng one son as the cause of a hs gref. And he asked
the Brhmans n hs affcton f there was any expedent by whch he mght
obtan a arge number of chdren. They answered hm,--'O kng, there
s one expedent open to you; you must say ths son and offer up a hs
fesh n the fre. By smeng the sme of that sacrfce a thy wves w
obtan sons.' When he heard that, the kng had the whoe ceremony performed
as they drected; and he obtaned as many sons as he had wves.
So we can obtan a son for you aso by a burnt-offerng." When they had
sad ths to Dhanadatta, the Brhmans, after a sacrfca fee had been
promsed
them, performed a sacrfce: then a son was born to that merchant.
That son was caed Guhasena, and he graduay grew up to man's estate.
Then hs father Dhanadatta began to ook out for a wfe for hm.
Then hs father went wth that son of hs to another country, on the
pretence of traffc, but reay to get a daughter-n-aw, there he asked an
exceent merchant of the name of Dharmagupta to gve hm hs daughter
named Devasmt for hs son Guhasena. But Dharmagupta, who was
tendery attached to hs daughter, dd not approve of that connexon, refectng
that the cty of Tmrapt was very far off. But when Devasmt
behed that Guhasena, her mnd was mmedatey attracted by hs vrtues,
and she was set on abandonng her reatons, and so she made an assgnaton
wth hm by means of a confdante, and went away from that country
at nght wth her beoved and hs father. When they reached Tmrapt
they were marred, and the mnds of the young coupe were frmy knt
-----Fe: 098.png---------------------------------------------------------
together by the bond of mutua ove. Then Guhasena's father ded, and
he hmsef was urged by hs reatons to go to the country of Katha|*|
for the purpose of traffckng; but hs wfe Devasmt was too |eaous to
approve of that expedton, fearng exceedngy that he woud be attracted
by some other ady. Then, as hs wfe dd not approve of t, and hs reatons
kept nctng hm to t, Guhasena, whose mnd was frmy set on dong
hs duty, was bewdered. Then he went and performed a vow n the tempe
of the god, observng a rgd fast, trustng that the god woud shew
hm some way out of hs dffcuty. And hs wfe Devasmt aso performed
a vow wth hm; then |'S|va was peased to appear to that coupe n a
dream; and gvng them two red otuses the god sad to them,--"take each,
of you one of these otuses n your hand. And f ether of you sha be
unfathfu durng your separaton, the otus n the hand of the other sha
fade, but not otherwse|*|." After hearng ths, the two woke up, and each
* Cathay?
* Compare the rose garand n the story of the Wrght's Chaste Wfe; edted for
the eary Engsh Text Socety by Frederck |. Furnva, especay nes 58 and ff.
"Wete thou wee wthowtyn fabe
"Ae the whye thy wfe s stabe
"The chapett woe hode hewe;
"And yf thy wyfe use putry
"Or too eny man to ye her by
Then woe yt change hewe,
And by the garand thou may see,
Fekye or fas yf that sche be,
Or ees yf she be true.
See aso note n Wson's Essays on Sanskrt Lterature, Vo. I, p. 218. He tes
us that n Perce Forest the y of the Kath Sart Sgara s represented by a
rose. In
Amads de Gau t s a garand whch booms on the head of her that s fathfu,
and
fades on the brow of the nconstant. In Les Contes rre, t s aso a fower. In
Arosto, the test apped to both mae and femae s a cup, the wne of whch s
sped
by the unfathfu over. Ths fcton aso occurs n the romances of Trstan,
Perceva
and La Morte d 'Arthur, and s we known by La Fontane's verson, La Coupe
Enchante.
In a La du Corn, t s a drnkng-horn. Spenser has derved hs grde of
Forme from these sources or more mmedatey from the Fabau, Le Manteau
ma
ta or Le Court Mante, an Engsh verson of whch s pubshed n Percy's
Reques,
the Boy and the Mante (Vo. III.) In the Gesta Romanorum (c. 69) the test s
the whmsca one of a shrt, whch w nether requre washng nor mendng as
ong as
the wearer s constant. (Not the wearer ony but the wearer and hs wfe).
Davenant
has substtuted an emerad for a fower.
The brda stone,
And much renowned, because t chasteness oves,
And w, when worn by the negected wfe,
Shew when her absent ord dsoya proves
By fantness and a pae decay of fe.
-----Fe: 099.png---------------------------------------------------------
behed n the hand of the other a red otus, and t seemed as f they had
got one another's hearts. Then Guhasena set out, otus n hand, but
Devasmt remaned n the house wth her eyes fxed upon her fower.
Guhasena for hs part qucky reached the country of Katha, and began
to buy and se |ewes there. And four young merchants n that country,
seeng that that unfadng otus was ever n hs hand, were greaty astonshed.
Accordngy they got hm to ther house by an artfce, and made hm drnk
a great dea of wne, and then asked hm the hstory of the otus, and he
beng ntoxcated tod them the whoe story. Then those four young merchants,
knowng that Guhasena woud take a ong tme to compete hs
saes and purchases of |ewes and other wares, panned together, ke rascas
as they were, the seducton of hs wfe out of curosty, and eager to accompsh
t set out qucky for Tmrapt wthout ther departure beng notced.
There they cast about for some nstrument, and at ast had recourse to a
femae ascetc of the name of Yogakarandk, who ved n a sanctuary of
Buddha; and they sad to her n an affectonate manner, "Reverend
madam, f our ob|ect s accompshed by your hep, we w gve you much
weath." She answered them; "No doubt, you young men desre some
woman n ths cty, so te me a about t, I w procure you the ob|ect of
your desre, but I have no wsh for money; I have a pup of dstngushed
abty named Sddhkar; owng to her kndness I have obtaned untod
weath." The young merchants asked--"How have you obtaned untod
weath by the assstance of a pup?" Beng asked ths queston, the femae
ascetc sad,---"If you fee any curosty about the matter, sten, my sons,
I w te you the whoe story."
Story of the cunnng Sddhkar.
Long ago a certan merchant
came here from the north; whe
he was dweng here, my pup went and obtaned, wth a treacherous
ob|ect, the poston of a servng-mad n hs house, havng frst
atered her appearance, and after she had ganed the confdence of that
merchant, she stoe a hs hoard of god from hs house, and went off secrety
n the mornng twght. And as she went out from the cty movng
rapdy through fear, a certan Domba|*| wth hs drum n hs hand, saw her,
and pursued her at fu speed wth the ntenton of robbng her. When she
had reached the foot of a Nyagrodha tree, she saw that he had come up
wth her, and so the cunnng Sddhkar sad ths to hm n a pantve
manner, "I have had a |eaous quarre wth my husband, and I have eft
I may remark that there s a certan resembance n ths story to that of
Shakespeare's
Cymbene, whch s founded on the 9th Story of the 2nd day n the
Decamerone, and to
the 7th Story n Gonzenbach's Scansche Mrchen.
* A man of ow caste now caed Dom. They offcate as executoners.
-----Fe: 100.png---------------------------------------------------------
hs house to de, therefore my good man, make a noose for me to hang mysef
wth." Then the Domba thought, "Let her hang hersef, why shoud
I be guty of her death, especay as she s a woman," and so he fastened a
noose for her to the tree. Then Sddhkar, fegnng gnorance, sad to the
Domba, "How s the noose spped round the neck? shew me, I entreat you."
Then the Domba paced the drum under hs feet, and sayng,--"Ths s the
way we do the trck"--he fastened the noose round hs own throat; Sddhkar
for her part smashed the drum to atoms wth a kck, and that
Domba hung t he was dead.|*| At that moment the merchant arrved n
search of her, and behed from a dstance Sddhkar, who had stoen from,
hm untod treasures, at the foot of the tree. She too saw hm comng,
and cmbed up the tree wthout beng notced, and remaned there on a
bough, havng her body conceaed by the dense foage. When the merchant
came up wth hs servants, he saw the Domba hangng by hs neck,
but Sddhkar was nowhere to be seen. Immedatey one of hs servants
sad "I wonder whether she has got up ths tree," and proceeded to ascend
t hmsef. Then Sddhkar sad--"I have aways oved you, and now you
have cmbed up where I am, so a ths weath s at your dsposa, handsome
man, come and embrace me." So she embraced the merchant's servant,
and as she was kssng hs mouth, she bt off the foo's tongue. He, overcome
wth the pan, fe from that tree, spttng bood from hs mouth,
utterng some ndstnct syabes, whch sounded ke Laaa. When he
saw that, the merchant was terrfed, and supposng that hs servant had
been sezed by a demon, he fed from that pace, and went to hs own house
wth hs attendants. Then Sddhkar the femae ascetc, equay frghtened,
descended from the top of the tree, and brought home wth her a that
weath. Such a person s my pup, dstngushed for her great dscernment,
and t s n ths way, my sons, that I have obtaned weath by her
kndness.
When she had sad ths to the young merchants, the femae ascetc
shewed to them her pup who happened to come n at that moment; and
sad to them, "Now, my sons, te me the rea state of affars--what woman
do you desre? I w qucky procure her for you." When they heard that
they sad, "procure us an ntervew wth the wfe of the merchant Guhasena
named Devasmt." When she heard that, the ascetc undertook to manage
that busness for them, and she gave those young merchants her own house
to resde n. Then she gratfed the servants at Guhasena's house wth
gfts of sweetmeats and other thngs, and afterwards entered t wth her
* Compare the way n whch the wdow's son, the shfty ad, treats Back Rogue
n Campbe's Taes of the Western Hghands (Tae XVII d. Orent and Occdent,
Vo. II, p. 303.)
-----Fe: 101.png---------------------------------------------------------
pup. Then, as she approached the prvate rooms of Devasmt, a btch,
that was fastened there wth a chan, woud not et her come near, but opposed
her entrance n the most determned way. Then Devasmt seeng her,
of her own accord sent a mad, and had her brought n, thnkng to hersef,
"What can ths person be come for?" After she had entered, the wcked
ascetc gave Devasmt her bessng, and, treatng the vrtuous woman wth
affected respect, sad to her--"I have aways had a desre to see you, but
to-day I saw you n a dream, therefore I have come to vst you wth
mpatent eagerness; and my mnd s affcted at behodng you separated
from your husband, for beauty and youth are wasted when one s deprved
of the socety of one's beoved." Wth ths and many other speeches of the
same knd she tred to gan the confdence of the vrtuous woman n a short
ntervew, and then takng eave of her she returned to her own house. On
the second day she took wth her a pece of meat fu of pepper dust, and
went agan to the house of Devasmt, and there she gave that pece of
meat to the btch at the door, and the btch gobbed t up, pepper and a.
Then owng to the pepper dust, the tears fowed n profuson from the
anma's eyes, and her nose began to run. And the cunnng ascetc mmedatey
went nto the apartment of Devasmt, who receved her hosptaby,
and began to cry. When Devasmt asked her why she shed tears, she
sad wth affected reuctance: "My frend, ook at ths btch weepng outsde
here. Ths creature recognzed me to-day as havng been ts companon
n a former brth, and began to weep; for that reason my tears
gushed through pty." When she heard that, and saw that btch outsde
apparenty weepng, Devasmt thought for a moment to hersef, "What
can be the meanng of ths wonderfu sght?" Then the ascetc sad to her,
"My daughter, n a former brth, I and that btch were the two wves of a
certan Brhman. And our husband frequenty went about to other countres
on embasses by order of the kng. Now whe he was away from
home, I ved wth other men at my peasure, and so dd not cheat the
eements, of whch I was composed, and my senses, of ther awfu en|oyment.
For consderate treatment of the eements and senses s hed to be
the hghest duty. Therefore I have been born n ths brth wth a recoecton
of my former exstence. But she, n her former fe, through
gnorance, confned a her attenton to the preservaton of her character,
therefore she has been degraded and born agan as one of the canne race,
however, she too remembers her former brth." The wse Devasmt sad to
hersef, "Ths s a nove concepton of duty; no doubt ths woman has
ad a treacherous snare for me"; and so she sad to her, "Reverend ady,
for ths ong tme I have been gnorant of ths duty, so procure me an
ntervew wth some charmng man."--Then the ascetc sad--"There are
resdng here some young merchants that have come from another country,
-----Fe: 102.png---------------------------------------------------------
so I w brng them to you." When she had sad ths, the ascetc returned
home deghted, and Devasmt of her own accord sad to her mads: "No
doubt those scoundrey young merchants, whoever they may be, have seen
that unfadng otus n the hand of my husband, and have on some occason,
or other, when he was drnkng wne, asked hm out of curosty to te the
whoe story of t, and have now come here from that sand to seduce me,
and ths wcked ascetc s empoyed by them. So brng qucky some wne
mxed wth Datura,|*| and when you have brought t, have a dog's foot of
ron made as qucky as possbe." When Devasmt had gven these orders,
the mads executed them fathfuy, and one of the mads, by her orders,
dressed hersef up to resembe her mstress. The ascetc for her part chose
out of the party of four merchants, (each of whom n hs eagerness sad--"et
me go frst"--) one ndvdua, and brought hm wth her. And conceang
hm n the dress of her pup, she ntroduced hm n the evenng nto
the house of Devasmt, and comng out, dsappeared. Then that mad,
who was dsgused as Devasmt, courteousy persuaded the young merchant
to drnk some of that wne drugged wth Datura. That quor,|*| ke hs
own mmodesty, robbed hm of hs senses, and then the mads took away
hs cothes and other equpments and eft hm stark naked; then they
branded hm on the forehead wth the mark of a dog's foot, and durng the
nght took hm and pushed hm nto a dtch fu of fth. Then he recovered
conscousness n the ast watch of the nght, and found hmsef punged
n a dtch, as t were the he Avch assgned to hm by hs sns. Then he
got up and washed hmsef and went to the house of the femae ascetc, n
a state of nature, feeng wth hs fngers the mark on hs forehead. And
when he got there, he tod hs frends that he had been robbed on the way,
n order that he mght not be the ony person made rdcuous. And the
next mornng he sat wth a coth wrapped round hs branded forehead,
gvng as an excuse that he had a headache from keepng awake so ong,
and drnkng too much. In the same way the next young merchant was
matreated, when he got to the house of Devasmt, and when he returned
home naked, he sad, "I put on my ornaments there, and as I was comng
out I was pundered by robbers." In the mornng he aso, on the pea of a
headache, put a wrapper on to cover hs branded forehead.
In the same way a the four young merchants suffered n turns brandng
and other humatng treatment, though they conceaed the fact. And
they went away from the pace, wthout reveang to the femae Buddhst
ascetc the -treatment they had experenced, hopng that she woud suffer
* Datura s st empoyed, I beeve, to stupfy peope whom t s thought
desrabe
to rob.
* I read va for the eva of Dr. Brockhaus's text.
-----Fe: 103.png---------------------------------------------------------
n a smar way. On the next day the ascetc went wth her dscpe to
the house of Devasmt, much deghted at havng accompshed what she
undertook to do. Then Devasmt receved her courteousy, and made her
drnk wne drugged wth Datura, offered as a sgn of grattude. "When she
and her dscpe were ntoxcated wth t, that chaste wfe cut off ther ears
and noses, and fung them aso nto a fthy poo. And beng dstressed by
the thought that perhaps these young merchants mght go and say her
husband,
she tod the whoe crcumstance to her mother-n-aw. Then her
mother-n-aw sad to her,--"My daughter, you have acted noby, but
possby some msfortune may happen to my son n consequence of what
you have done." Then Devasmt sad--I w dever hm even as |'S|aktmat
n od tme devered her husband by her wsdom. Her mother-n-aw
asked; "How dd |'S|aktmat dever her husband? te me, my daughter."
Then Devasmt reated the foowng story:
Story of |'S|aktmat.
In our country, wthn the cty,
there s the shrne of a powerfu
Yaksha named Ma|n.|bhadra, estabshed by our ancestors. The peope there
come and make pettons at ths shrne, offerng varous gfts, n order to
obtan varous bessngs. Whenever a man s found at nght wth
another man's wfe, he s paced wth her wthn the nner chamber of the
Yaksha's tempe. And n the mornng he s taken away from thence wth
the woman to the kng's court, and hs behavour beng made known, he s
punshed; such s the custom. Once on a tme n that cty a merchant, of
the name of Samudradatta, was found by a cty-guard n the company of
another man's wfe. So he took hm and paced hm wth the woman n
that tempe of the Yaksha, fastenng the door frmy. And mmedatey
the wse and devoted wfe of that merchant, whose name was |'S|aktmat,
came to hear of the occurrence; then that resoute woman, dsgusng hersef,
went confdenty at nght to the tempe of the Yaksha, accompaned by
her frends, takng wth her offerngs for the god. When she arrved
there, the prest whose busness t was to eat the offerngs, through desre
for a fee, opened the door and et her enter, nformng the magstrate of
what he had done. And she, when she got nsde, saw her husband ookng
sheepsh, wth a woman, and she made the woman put on her own dress,
and tod her to go out. So that woman went out n her dress by nght,
and got off, but |'S|aktmat remaned n the tempe wth her husband. And
when the kng's offcers came n the mornng to examne the merchant, he
was seen by a to be n the company of hs own wfe.|*| When he heard
* A precsey smar story occurs n the Bahr Dnsh. The turn of the chef
ncdent, athough not the same, s smar to that of Nov VII, Part 4 of
Bandeo's Novee,
or the Accorto Avvedmento d una Fantesca berare a padrona e '
nnamorato
-----Fe: 104.png---------------------------------------------------------
that, the kng dsmssed the merchant from the tempe of the Yaksha, as
t were from the mouth of death, and punshed the chef magstrate. So
|'S|aktmat n od tme devered her husband by her wsdom, and n the
same way I w go and save my husband by my dscreton.
So the wse Devasmt sad n secret to her mother-n-aw, and, n company
wth her mads, she put on the dress of a merchant. Then she embarked
on a shp, on the pretence of a mercante expedton, and came to the
country of Ka|t.|ha where her husband was. And when she arrved there,
she saw that husband of hers, Guhasena, n the mdst of a crce of merchants,
ke consoaton n externa body form. He seeng her afar off n
the dress of a man,* as t were, drank her n wth hs eyes, and thought to
hmsef; "Who may ths merchant be that ooks so ke my beoved wfe"?
So Devasmt went and represented to the kng that she had a petton to
make, and asked hm to assembe a hs sub|ects. Then the kng fu of
curosty assembed a the ctzens, and sad to that ady dsgused as a
merchant, "What s your petton?" Then Devasmt sad--There are resdng
here n your mdst four saves of mne who have escaped, et the kng
make them over to me. Then the kng sad to her, "A the ctzens are
present here, so ook at every one n order to recognse hm, and take those
saves of yours." Then she sezed upon the four young merchants, whom she
had before treated n such a humatng way n her house, and who had
wrappers bound round ther heads. Then the merchants, who were there,
few n a passon, and sad to her, "These are the sons of dstngushed
merchants, how then can they be your saves?" Then she answered them,
"If you do not beeve what I say, examne ther foreheads whch I marked
wth a dog's foot." They consented, and removng the head-wrappers of
these four, they a behed the dog's foot on ther foreheads. Then a the
merchants were abashed, and the kng, beng astonshed, hmsef asked
Devasmt
what a ths meant. She tod the whoe story, and a the peope
burst out aughng, and the kng sad to the ady,--"They are your saves by
the best of ttes." Then the other merchants pad a arge sum of money
to that chaste wfe, to redeem those four from savery, and a fne to the kng's
treasury. Devasmt receved that money, and recovered her husband, and
beng honoured by a good men, returned then to her own cty Tmrapt,
and she was never afterwards separated from her beoved.
"Thus, O queen, women of good famy ever worshp ther husbands
wth chaste and resoute behavour,+ and never thnk of any other man, for
d quea de a morte. (Wson's Essays, Vo. I, p. 224.) Cp. aso the Mongoan
verson
of the story n Sagas from the Far East, p. 320.
* Cp. the story of the Chest n Campbe's Stores from the Western Hghands.
It s the frst story n the 2nd voume and contans one or two ncdents whch
remnd
us of ths story. + I read mahkuodgat|h.|.
-----Fe: 105.png---------------------------------------------------------
to vrtuous wves the husband s the hghest dety." When Vsavadatt
on the |ourney heard ths nobe story from the mouth of Vasantaka, she
got over the feeng of shame at havng recenty eft her father's house,
and her mnd, whch was prevousy attached by strong affecton to her
husband,
became so fxed upon hm as to be entrey devoted to hs servce.
Note on Chapter XIII.
Wth regard to the ncdent of the btch and the pepper n the story of
Devasmt
see the note n the 1st voume of Wson's Essays on Sanskrt Lterature. He
says:
"Ths ncdent wth a very dfferent and much ess mora dnouement s one of
the stores
n the Dscpna Cercas, a coecton of stores professedy derved from the
Araban
fabusts and comped by Petrus Afonsus a converted |ew, who fourshed
about 1106
and was godson to Afonso I, kng of Arragon. In the Anayss prepared by Mr.
Douce, ths story s the 12th, and s entted " Stratagem of an od woman n
favour of
a young gaant." She persuades hs mstress who had re|ected hs addresses
that her
tte dog was formery a woman, and so transformed n consequence of her
cruety to
her over. (Es's Metrca Romances, I, 130.) Ths story was ntroduced nto
Europe, therefore, much about the tme at whch t was enroed among the
contents
of the Vrhat Kath n Cashmr. The metempsychoss s so much more obvous
an expanaton
of the change of forms, that t renders t probabe the story was orgnay
Hndu. It was soon coped n Europe, and occurs n Le Grand as La vee qu
sdust
a |eune fe. III. 148 |ed. III. Vo. IV. 50|. The parae s very cose and the od
woman gves "une ehenne manger des choses fortement saupoudres de
senve qu a pcotat
e paas et es narnes et 'anma armoyat beaucoup." She then shows her to
the
young woman and tes her the btch was her daughter. "Son maheur fut
d'avor e
eur dur; un |eune homme 'amat, ee e rebuta. Le maheureux aprs avor
tout tent pour
' attendrr, dsespr de sa duret en prt tant de chagrn qu' tomba maade
et mourut.
Deu 'a ben veng; voyez en que tat pour a punr a redut ma pauvre fe,
et comment
ee peure sa faute." The esson was not thrown away. The story occurs aso n
the
Gesta Romanorum as "The Od Woman and her Dog" |n Bonn's edton t s Tae
XXVIII|, and t aso fnds a pace where we shoud tte have expected to fnd t,
n
the Promptuarum of |ohn Herot of Bas, an ampe repostory of exampes for
composng
sermons: the comper a Domncan frar, professng to mtate hs patron sant,
who aways abundabat exemps n hs dscourses." |In Bonn's edton we are
tod that
t appears n an Engsh garb amongst a transaton of sop's Fabes pubshed
n
1658.| Dr. Rost refers us to Th. Wrght, Latn Stores, London, 1842, p. 218.
Loseeur Desongchamps Essa sur es Fabes Indennes, Pars, 1838, p. 106 ff.
F. H.
Von der Hagen, Gesammtabenteuer 1850 I, cx. ff and Grsse, I. 1, 374 ff.
-----Fe: 106.png---------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER XIV.
Accordngy whe the kng of Vatsa was remanng n that Vndhya
forest, the warder of kng Chandamahsena came to hm. And when he
arrved, he dd obesance to the kng and spoke as foows: The kng
Chandamahsena
sends you ths message. You dd rghty n carryng off Vsavadatt
yoursef, for I had brought you to my court wth ths very ob|ect;
and the reason I dd not mysef gve her to you, whe you were a prsoner,
was, that I feared, f I dd so, you mght not be we dsposed towards me.
Now, O kng, I ask you to wat a tte, n order that the marrage of my
daughter may not be performed wthout due ceremones. For my son
Gopaka w soon arrve n your court, and he w ceebrate wth approprate
ceremones the marrage of that sster of hs. Ths message the
warder brought to the kng of Vatsa, and sad varous thngs to Vsavadatt.
Then the kng of Vatsa, beng peased, determned on gong to
Kau'smb wth Vsavadatt, who was aso n hgh sprts. He tod hs
ay Pundaka, and that warder n the servce of hs father-n-aw to awat,
where they were, the arrva of Gopaka, and then to come wth hm to
Kau'smb. Then the great kng set out eary the next day for hs own
cty wth the queen Vsavadatt, foowed by huge eephants ranng
streams of chor, that seemed ke movng peaks of the Vndhya range
accompanyng hm out of affecton; he was, as t were, prased by the earth,
that outdd the compostons of hs mnstres, whe t rang wth the hoofs of
hs horses and the trampngs of hs soders; and by means of the towerng
couds of dust from hs army, that ascended to heaven, he made Indra
fear that the mountans were sportng wth unshorn wngs.|*| Then the
kng reached hs country n two or three days, and rested one nght n a
paace beongng to Ruman'vat; and on the next day, accompaned by hs
beoved, he en|oyed after a ong absence the great deght of enterng
Kau'smb, the peope of whch were eagery ookng wth upfted faces
for hs approach. And then that cty was respendent as a wfe, her ord
havng returned after a ong absence, begnnng her adornment and auspcous
bathng vcarousy by means of her women; and there the ctzens,
ther sorrow now at an end, behed the kng of Vatsa accompaned by hs
brde, as peacocks behod a coud accompaned by ghtnng;|*| and the wves
of
the ctzens standng on the tops of the paaces, fed the heaven wth ther
* Audng to Indra's havng cut the wngs of the mountans,
* The peafow are deghted at the approach of the rany season, when "ther
sorrow"
comes to an end.
-----Fe: 107.png---------------------------------------------------------
faces, that had the appearance of goden otuses boomng n the heaveny
Ganges. Then the kng of Vatsa entered hs roya paace wth Vsavadatt,
who seemed ke a second goddess of roya fortune; and that
paace then shone as f t had |ust awaked from seep, fu of kngs who
had come to shew ther devoton, festve wth songs of mnstres.|*| Not
ong after came Gopaka the brother of Vsavadatt, brngng wth hm
the warder and Pundaka; the kng went to meet hm, and Vsavadatt
receved hm wth her eyes expanded wth deght, as f he were a second
sprt of |oy. Whe she was ookng at ths brother, a tear dmmed her
eyes est she shoud be ashamed; and then she, beng encouraged by hm
wth the words of her father's message, consdered that her ob|ect n fe
was attaned, now that she was reunted to her own reatons. Then, on the
next day, Gopaka, wth the utmost eagerness, set about the hgh festva
of her marrage wth the kng of Vatsa, carefuy observng a prescrbed
ceremones. Then the kng of Vatsa receved the hand of Vsavadatt,
ke a beautfu shoot atey budded on the creeper of ove. She too, wth
her eyes cosed through the great |oy of touchng her beoved's hand, havng
her mbs bathed n perspraton accompaned wth trembng, covered a
over wth extreme horrpaton, appeared at that moment as f struck by
the god of the fowery bow wth the arrow of bewderment, the weapon of
wnd, and the water weapon n quck successon;|*| when she waked round
the fre keepng t to the rght, her eyes beng red wth the smoke, she had
her frst taste, so to speak, of the sweetness of wne and honey.|*| Then by
means of the |ewes brought by Gopaka, and the gfts of the kngs, the
monarch of Vatsa became a rea kng of kngs.|*| That brde and brdegroom,
after ther marrage had been ceebrated, frst exhbted themseves to the
eyes of the peope, and then entered ther prvate apartments. Then the
kng of Vatsa, on the day so auspcous to hmsef nvested Gopaka and
Pundaka wth turbans of honour and other dstnctons, and he commssoned
Yaugandharyan'a and Ruman'vat to confer approprate dstnctons
on the kngs who had come to vst hm, and on the ctzens. Then
Yaugandharyan'a
sad to Ruman'vat; "The kng has gven us a dffcut commsson,
for men's feengs are hard to dscover. And even a chd w certany do
mschef f not peased; to ustrate ths pont sten to the tae of the
chd Vnasht'aka, my frend."
* It s often the duty of these mnstres to wake the kng wth ther songs.
* Weapons we known n Hndu mythoogy. See the 6th act of the Uttara
Rma Charta.
* Straptam akarot she tested, so to speak. Cp. Taranga 21. S. 93. The fact
s, the smoke made her eyes as red as f she had been drnkng.
* Or "ke Kuvera." There s a pun here.
-----Fe: 108.png---------------------------------------------------------
Story of the cever deformed chd.
Once on a tme there was a certan
Brhman named Rudra'sarman,
and he, when he became a househoder, had two wves, and one of hs wves
gave brth to a son and ded; and then the Brhman entrusted that son to
the care of hs step-mother; and when he grew to a toerabe stature, she
gave hm coarse food; the consequence was, the boy became pae, and got a
swoen stomach. Then Rudra'sarman sad to that second wfe, "How comes
t that you have negected ths chd of mne that has ost ts mother?" She
sad to her husband, "Though I take affectonate care of hm, he s nevertheess
the strange ob|ect you see; what am I to do wth hm?" Whereupon
the Brhman thought, "No doubt t s the chd's nature to be ke
ths." For who sees through the decetfuness of the speeches of women uttered
wth affected smpcty? Then that chd began to go by the name of
Bavnasht'aka|*| n hs father's house, because they sad ths chd (ba) s
deformed (vnasht'a.) Then Bavnasht'aka thought to hmsef--"Ths
step-mother of mne s aways -treatng me, therefore I had better be
revenged on her n some way"--for though the boy was ony a tte more
than fve years od, he was cever enough. Then he sad secrety to hs father
when he returned from the kng's court, wth haf suppressed voce--"Papa,
I have two Papas." So the boy sad every day, and hs father suspectng
that hs wfe had a paramour, woud not even touch her. She for her part
thought--"Why s my husband angry wthout my beng guty; I wonder
whether Bavnasht'aka has been at any trcks?" So she washed
Bavnasht'aka
wth carefu kndness, and gave hm danty food, and takng hm
on her ap, asked hm the foowng queston: "My son why have you
ncensed your father Rudra'sarm'an aganst me?" When he heard that, the
boy sad to hs step-mother, "I w do more harm to you than that, f you
do not mmedatey cease -treatng me. You take good care of your own
chdren; why do you perpetuay torment me?" When she heard that, she
bowed before hm, and sad wth a soemn oath, "I w not do so any more;
so reconce my husband to me." Then the chd sad to her--"We,
when my father comes home, et one of your mads shew hm a
mrror, and eave the rest to me." She sad, "Very we," and
by her orders a mad shewed a mrror to her husband as soon as he
returned home. Thereupon the chd pontng out the refecton of hs father
n the mrror, sad, "There s my second father." When he heard that,
Rudra'sarman dsmssed hs suspcons and was mmedatey reconced to
hs wfe, whom he had bamed wthout cause.
"Thus even a chd may do mschef f t s annoyed, and therefore we
must carefuy concate a ths retnue." Sayng ths, Yaugandharyan'a
wth the hep of Ruman'vat, carefuy honoured a the peope on ths the
* Young Deformed.
-----Fe: 109.png---------------------------------------------------------
kng of Vasta's great day of re|ocng. And they gratfed a the kngs so
successfuy that each one of them thought, "These two men are devoted
to me aone." And the kng honoured those two mnsters and Vasantaka
wth garments, unguents, and ornaments bestowed wth hs own hand, and
he aso gave them grants of vages. Then the kng of Vatsa, havng ceebrated
the great festva of hs marrage, consdered a hs wshes gratfed,
now that he was nked to Vsavadatt. Ther mutua ove, havng bossomed
after a ong tme of expectaton, was so great, owng to the strength
of ther passon, that ther hearts contnuay resembed those of the sorrowng
Chakravkas, when the nght, durng whch they are separated, comes to
an end. And as the famarty of the coupe ncreased, ther ove seemed
to be ever renewed. Then Gopaka, beng ordered by hs father to return
to get marred hmsef, went away, after havng been entreated by the kng
of Vatsa to return qucky.
In course of tme the kng of Vatsa became fathess, and secrety oved
an attendant of the harem named Vracht, wth whom he had prevousy
had an ntrgue. One day he made a mstake and addressed the queen by
her name, thereupon he had to concate her by cngng to her feet, and
bathed n her tears he was anonted|*| a fortunate kng. Moreover he marred
a prncess of the name of Bandhumat, whom Gopaka had captured by
the mght of hs arm, and sent as a present to the queen; and whom she
conceaed, changng her name to Man|uk,; who seemed ke another
Lakshm ssung from the sea of beauty. Her the kng saw, when he was
n the company of Vasantaka, and secrety marred her by the Gndharva
ceremony n a summer-house. And that proceedng of hs was behed by
Vsavadatt, who was n conceament, and she was angry, and had Vasantaka
put n fetters. Then the kng had recourse to the good offces of a femae
ascetc, a frend of the queen's, who had come wth her from her father's
court, of the name of Snkrtynan. She appeased the queen's anger, and
got Bandhumat presented to the kng by the obedent queen, for tender s
the heart of vrtuous wves. Then the queen reeased Vasantaka from
mprsonment; he came nto the presence of the queen and sad to her wth
a augh, " Bandhumat dd you an n|ury, but what dd I do to you? You
are angry wth adders|*| and you k water-snakes." Then the queen, out of
curosty, asked hm to expan that metaphor, and he contnued as foows:
Story of Ruru.
Once on a tme a hermt's son
of the name or Ruru, wanderng
about at w, saw a maden of wonderfu beauty, the daughter of a heaveny
nymph named Menak by a Vdydhara, and brought up by a hermt of
* It must be remembered that a kng among the Hndus was naugurated wth
water, not o.
* The word " adders" must here do duty for a venomous knds of serpents.
-----Fe: 110.png---------------------------------------------------------
the name of Sthake'sa n hs hermtage. That ady whose name was
Prshad'var, so captvated the mnd of that Ruru when he saw her, that
he went and begged the hermt to gve hm to her n marrage. Sthake'sa
for hs part betrothed the maden to hm, and when the weddng was ngh at
hand, suddeny an adder bt her. Then the heart of Ruru was fu of
despar, but he heard ths voce n the heaven--"O Brhman rase to fe wth
the gft of haf thy own fe,|*| ths maden, whose aotted term s at an end."
When he heard that, Ruru gave her the haf of hs own fe, as he had been
drected; by means of that she revved, and Ruru marred her. Thenceforward
he was ncensed wth the whoe race of serpents, and whenever he
saw a serpent he ked t, thnkng to hmsef as he ked each one--"Ths
may have btten my wfe." One day a water snake sad to hm wth human
voce, as he was about to say t, "You are ncensed aganst adders, Brhman,
but why do you say water-snakes? An adder bt your wfe, and adders are
a dstnct speces from water-snakes; a adders are venomous, water-snakes
are not venomous." When he heard that, he sad n answer to the water-
snake,--"My
frend, who are you?" The water-snake sad, "Brhman, I
am a hermt faen from my hgh estate by a curse, and ths curse was
apponted
to ast t I hed converse wth you." When he had sad ths he dsappeared,
and after that Ruru dd not k water-snakes. So I sad ths to you
metaphorcay, "My queen, you are angry wth adders and you k water-
snakes."
When he had uttered ths speech, fu of peasng wt, Vasantaka
ceased, and Vsavadatt sttng at the sde of her husband was peased wth
hm. Such soft and sweet taes n whch Vasantaka dspayed varous ngenuty,
dd the ovng Udayana, kng of Vatsa, contnuay make use of to
concate hs angry wfe, whe he sat at her feet. That happy kng's
tongue was ever excusvey empoyed n tastng the favour of wne, and
hs ear was ever deghtng n the sweet sounds of the ute, and hs eye was
ever rveted on the face of hs beoved.
Note to Chapter XIV.
The practce of wakng round an ob|ect of reverence wth the rght hand
towards
t, whch s one of the ceremones mentoned n our author's account of
Vsavadatt's
marrage, has been exhaustvey dscussed by Dr. Samue Fergusson n hs
paper--"On
the Ceremona turn caed Desu," pubshed n the Proceedngs of the Roya
Irsh
Academy for March 1877. (Vo. I. Ser. II. No. 12.) He shews t to have exsted
among the ancent Romans as we as the Cets. One of the most strkng of hs
quotatons
s from the Curcuo of Pautus (I.1.69.) Phdromus says--Ouo me vorta'm
nesco. Panurus |estngy repes--S deos sautas dextrovorsum eenseo. Cp.
aso the
foowng passage of Vaerus Faceus (Argon VIII. 243).
* A smar story s found n the IVth book of the Panchatantra, Fabe 5, where
Benfoy compares the story of Yayt and hs son Puru. Benfey Panchatantra I.
436.
-----Fe: 111.png---------------------------------------------------------
Inde ub sacrfcas cum con|uge vent ad aras
sondes, unaque adeunt parterque preear
Incpunt. Ignem Poux undamque |ugaem
Prtut ut dextrum parter vertantur n orbem.
The above passage forms a strkng comment upon our text. Cp. aso Putarch
n
ths fe of Camus |Greek: Tauta ep'n, kath'aper xst Rmaos ethos,
xpenxam'egos ka proskunsasn,
xp dexa exetten, espha perstrephomenos|. It s possbe that the foowng
passage n Lucretus audes to the same practce--
Nee petas ua est veatum spe vder
Verter ad apdem atque omnes accedere ad aras.
Dr. Fergusson s of opnon that ths movement was a symbo of the cosmca
rotaton, an mtaton of the apparent course of the sun n the heavens. Cp.
Hygnus
Fabe CCV. Arge venutrx, cum cervum sequeretur, cervo dxsse fertur: Tu cet
Sos
cursum sequars, tamen te consequar. So, ratus, n cervam eam convertt. He
quotes, to
prove that the practce exsted among the ancent Cets, Athenus IV, p. 142,
who
adduces from Posdonus the foowng statement "|Greek: Tous theous
proskunousn xp dexa
strephomeno|." The above quotatons are but a few scraps from the fu feast
of Dr.
Fergusson's paper. See aso the remarks of the Rev. S. Bea n the Indan
Antquary
for March 1880, p. 67.
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|Bank Page|
-----Fe: 113.png---------------------------------------------------------
BOOK III.
CHAPTER XV.
Honour to that conqueror of obstaces whose favour, I ween, even the
Creator* mpored, n order that he mght accompsh the creaton of the
word wthout et or hndrance.
That fve-arrowed god of ove conquers the word, at whose command
even 'Sva trembes, when he s beng embraced by hs beoved.
Thus havng obtaned Vsavadatt, that kng of Vatsa graduay became
most excusvey devoted to the peasure of her socety. But hs
prme mnster Yaugandharyana, and hs genera Ruman'vat, uphed day
and nght the burden of hs empre. And once upon a tme the mnster
Yaugandharyana, fu of anxety, brought Ruman'vat to hs house at nght
and sad to hm as foows: "Ths ord of Vatsa s sprung from the Pndava
race, and the whoe earth s hs by heredtary descent, as aso the cty named
of the eephant.|*| A these ths kng has abandoned not beng desrous
of makng conquests, and hs kngdom has so become confned to ths one
sma corner of the earth. For he certany remans devoted to women,
wne and huntng, and he has deegated to us a the duty of thnkng about
hs kngdom. So we by our own ntegence must take such steps, as that
he sha obtan the empre of the whoe earth, whch s hs heredtary rght.
For, f we do ths, we sha have exhbted devoton to hs cause, and performed
our duty as mnsters; for every thng s accompshed by nteect,
and n proof of ths sten to the foowng tae:"
Story of the cever physcan.
Once on a tme there was a
kng named Mahsena, and he was
attacked by another kng far superor to hm n power. Then the kng's
mnsters met together, and n order to prevent the run of hs nterests,
Mahsena was persuaded by them to pay trbute to that enemy. And
after he had pad trbute, that haughty kng was exceedngy affcted, thnk-*
* I read dht for dhtr.
* . e. Hastnpura.
-----Fe: 114.png---------------------------------------------------------
*ng to hmsef, "Why have I made submsson to my enemy?" And hs sorrow
on that account caused an abscess to form n hs vtas, and he was so pued
down by the abscess that at ast he was at the pont of death. Then a
certan wse physcan consderng that that case coud not be cured by
medcne, sad fasey to that kng; "O kng, your wfe s dead." When he
heard that, the kng suddeny fe on the ground, and owng to the excessve
voence of hs gref, the abscess burst of tsef. And so the kng
recovered from hs dsease, and ong en|oyed n the socety of that queen
the peasures he desred, and conquered hs enemes n hs turn.|*|
"So, as that physcan dd hs kng a good turn by hs wsdom, et us
aso do our kng a good turn, et us gan for hm the empre of the earth.
And n ths undertakng our ony adversary s Pradyota, the kng of Magadha;
for he s a foe n the rear that s aways attackng us behnd. So
we must ask for our soveregn that pear of prncesses, hs daughter, named
Padmvat. And by our ceverness we w concea Vsavadatt somewhere,
and settng fre to her house, we w gve out everywhere that the queen s
burnt. For n no other case w the kng of Magadha gve hs daughter
to our soveregn, for when I requested hm to do so on a former occason,
he answered--'I w not gve my daughter, whom I ove more than mysef,
to the kng of Vatsa, for he s passonatey attached to hs wfe
Vsavadatt.' Moreover, as ong as the queen s ave, the kng of Vatsa
w not marry any one ese; but f a report s once spread that the queen
s burnt, a w succeed. And when Padmvat s secured, the kng of
Magadha w be our marrage connecton, and w not attack us n the
rear, but w become our ay. Then we w march to conquer the eastern
quarter, and the others n due successon, so we sha obtan for the kng of
Vatsa a ths earth. And f we ony exert ourseves, ths kng w obtan
the domnon of the earth, for ong ago a dvne voce predcted ths."
When Ruman'vat heard ths speech from the great mnster Yaugandharyana,
he feared that the pan woud cover them wth rdcue, and so he
sad to hm--"Decepton practsed for the sake of Padmvat mght some day
be to the run of us both;" n proof of ths, sten to the foowng tae:
Story of the hypocrtca ascetc.
On the bank of the Ganges there
s a cty named Mkandk; n that
cty ong ago there was a certan ascetc who observed a vow of sence,
and he ved on ams, and surrounded by numerous other hoy beggars,
dwet n a monastery wthn the precncts of a god's tempe where he had
* Here Wson observes: The crcumstances here reated are not wthout
anaoges
n fact. It s not marveous therefore that we may trace them n fcton. The
pont of the story s the same as that of the "Deux Angas Pars," a Fabau,
and of
"Une femme 'extremt qu se mt en s grosse core voyant son mar qu
basat s
servante qu'ee recouvra a sant" of Margaret of Navarre,(Heptameron.
Nouvee 71).
-----Fe: 115.png---------------------------------------------------------
taken up hs abode. Once, when he entered a certan merchant's house to beg,
he saw a beautfu maden comng out wth ams n her hand, and the rasca
seeng that she was wonderfuy beautfu was smtten wth ove and excamed
"Ah! Ah! Aas!" And that merchant overheard hm. Then takng
the ams he had receved, he departed to hs own house; and then the
merchant
went there and sad to hm n hs astonshment,--"Why dd you to-day
suddeny break your vow of sence and say what you dd?" When he heard
that, the ascetc sad to the merchant--"Ths daughter of yours has nauspcous
marks; when she marres, you w undoubtedy persh, wfe, sons,
and a. So, when I saw her, I was affcted, for you are my devoted adherent;
and thus t was on your account that I broke sence and sad what
I dd. So pace ths daughter of yours by nght n a basket, on the top of
whch there must be a ght, and set her adrft on the Ganges." The merchant
sad, "So I w," and went away, and at nght he dd a he had been
drected to do out of pure fear. The tmd are ever unrefectng. The
hermt for hs part sad at that tme to hs own pups, "Go to the Ganges,
and when you see a basket foatng aong wth a ght on the top of t,
brng t here secrety, but you must not open t, even f you hear a nose
nsde." They sad, " We w do so," and off they went; but before they
reached the Ganges, strange to say, a certan prnce went nto the rver to
bathe. He seeng that basket, whch the merchant had thrown n, by the
hep of the ght on t, got hs servants to fetch t for hm, and mmedatey
opened t out of curosty. And n t he saw that heart-enchantng gr,
and he marred her on the spot by the Gndharva ceremony of marrage.
And he set the basket adrft on the Ganges, exacty as t was before, puttng
a amp on the top of t, and pacng a ferce monkey nsde t. The
prnce havng departed wth that pear of madens, the pups of the hermt
came there n the course of ther search, and saw that basket, and took t
up and carred t to the hermt. Then he beng deghted, sad to them, "I
w take ths upstars and perform ncantatons wth t aone, but you must
e n sence ths nght." When he had sad ths, the ascetc took the basket
to the top of the monastery, and opened t, eager to behod the merchant's
daughter. And then a monkey of terrbe appearance sprang out of t,|*|
and rushed upon the ascetc, ke hs own mmora conduct ncarnate n
body form. The monkey n ts fury mmedatey tore off wth ts teeth
the nose of the wcked ascetc, and hs ears wth ts caws, as f t had been
a skfu executoner; and n that state the ascetc ran downstars, and
when hs pups behed hm, they coud wth dffcuty suppress ther aughter.
And eary next mornng everybody heard the story, and aughed
hearty, but the merchant was deghted, and hs daughter aso, as she had
* Cp. Sagas from the far East, Tae XI, pp. 123, 124. Here the crme
contempated
s murder, and the ape s represented by a tger.
-----Fe: 116.png---------------------------------------------------------
obtaned a good husband. And even as the ascetc made hmsef rdcuous,
so too may we possby become a aughng-stock, f we empoy decet, and
fa after a. For the separaton of the kng from Vsavadatt nvoves
many dsadvantages. When Ruma|n.|vat had sad ths to Yaugandharya|n.|a,
the atter answered; "In no other way can we conduct our enterprse
successfuy,
and f we do not undertake the enterprse, t s certan that wth
ths sef-ndugent kng we sha ose even what terrtory we have got; and
the reputaton whch we have acqured for statesmanshp w be tarnshed,
and we sha cease to be spoken of as men who shew oyaty to ther
soveregn. For when a kng s one who depends on hmsef for success,
hs mnsters are consdered merey the nstruments of hs wsdom; and n
the case of such monarchs you woud not have much to do wth ther success
or faures. But when a kng depends on hs mnsters for success, t
s ther wsdom that acheves hs ends, and f they are wantng n enterprse,
he must bd a ong farewe to a hope of greatness.|*| But f you
fear the queen's father Cha|n.||d.|amahsena, I must te you that he and hs
son and the queen aso w do whatever I bd them." When
Yaugandharya|n.|a,
most resoute among the resoute, had sad ths, Ruma|n.|vat, whose heart
dreaded some fata bunder, agan sad to hm; "Even a dscernng prnce s
affcted by the pan of beng separated from a beoved woman, much more
w ths kng of Vatsa be. In proof of what I say, sten to the foowng
tae:"
Story of Unmdn.|*|
Once on a tme there was a kng
named Devasena, best of wse men,
and the cty of S'rvast was hs capta. And n that cty there was a
weathy merchant, and to hm there was born a daughter of unparaeed
beauty. And that daughter became known by the name of Unmdn,
because every one, who behed her beauty, became mad. Her father the
merchant thought, "I must not gve ths daughter of mne to any one wthout
teng the kng, or he may be angry." So he went and sad to the kng
Devasena, "Kng, I have a daughter who s a very pear, take her f she
fnds favour n your eyes."When he heard that, the kng sent some Brhmans,
hs confdenta mnsters, sayng to them, "Go and see f that maden
possesses the auspcous marks or not." The mnsters sad, "We w do so"
and went. But when they behed that merchant's daughter, Unmdn,
ove was suddeny produced n ther sous, and they became uttery
bewdered. When they recovered ther senses, the Brhmans sad to one
another: "If the kng marres ths maden, he w thnk ony of her, and
w negect the affars of the State, and everythng w go to rack and
* Lteray a handfu of water, such as s offered to the Manes, s offered to
Fortune.
It s a over wth hs chance of attanng gory.
* Cp. Scansche Mrchen, Vo. I, p. 220.
-----Fe: 117.png---------------------------------------------------------
run; so what s the good of her?" Accordngy they went and tod the
kng, what was not true, that the maden had nauspcous marks. Then
the merchant gave that Unmdn, whom the kng had refused, and who n
her heart fet a proud resentment at t, to the kng's commander-n-chef.
When she was n the house of her husband, she ascended one day to the
roof, and exhbted hersef to the kng, who she knew woud pass that way.
And the moment the kng behed her, resembng a word-bewderng drug
empoyed by the god of ove, dstracton seemed to be produced wthn
hm. When he returned to hs paace, and dscovered that t was the same
ady he had prevousy re|ected, he was fu of regret, and fe voenty
wth fever; the commander-n-chef, the husband of the ady, came to hm
and earnesty entreated hm to take her, sayng, "She s a save, she s not
the awfu wfe of another, or f t seem ft, I w repudate her n the
tempe, then my ord can take her for hs own." But the kng sad to hm
"I w not take unto mysef another man's wfe, and f you repudate her,
your rghteousness w be at end, and you w deserve punshment at my
hands." When they heard that, the other mnsters remaned sent, and
the kng was graduay consumed by ove's burnng fever, and so ded. So
that kng pershed, though of frm sou, beng deprved of Unmdn; but
what w become of the ord of Vatsa wthout Vsavadatt.? When
Yaugandharya|n.|a
heard ths from Ruma|n.|vat, he answered; "Affcton s
bravey endured by kngs who have ther eyes frmy fxed on ther duty.
Dd not Rma when commssoned by the gods, who were obged to resort
to that contrvance, to k Rvana, endure the pan of separaton from
queen St? When he heard ths, Ruma|n.|vat sad n answer--"Such as
Rma are gods, ther sous can endure a thngs. But the thng s ntoerabe
to men; n proof whereof sten to the foowng tae.
Story of the ovng coupe who ded of
separaton.
There s on ths earth a great
cty rch n |ewes, named Mathur.
In t there ved a certan young
merchant, caed Iaka. And he had a dear wfe whose mnd was devoted
to hm aone. Once on a tme, whe he was dweng wth her, the young
merchant determned to go to another country on account of the exgences
of hs affars. And that wfe of hs wshed to go wth hm. For when
women are passonatey attached to any one, they cannot endure to be
separated from hm. And then that young merchant set out, havng offered
the usua premnary prayer for success n hs undertakng, and dd not
take wth hm that wfe of hs, though she had dressed hersef for the
|ourney. She ookng after hm, when he had started, wth tears n her
eyes, stood supportng hersef aganst the pane of the door of the courtyard.
Then, he beng out of sght, she was no onger abe to endure her
gref; but she was too tmd to foow hm. So her breath eft her body.
-----Fe: 118.png---------------------------------------------------------
And as soon as the young merchant came to know of that, he returned and
to hs horror found that dear wfe of hs a corpse, wth pae though ovey
compexon, set off by her wavng ocks, ke the sprt of beauty that
tenants the moon faen down to the earth n the day durng her seep.*
So he took her n hs arms and wept over her, and mmedatey the vta
sprts eft hs body, whch was on fre wth the fame of gref, as f they
were afrad to reman. So that marred coupe pershed by mutua separaton,
and therefore we must take care that the kng s not separated from
the queen." When he had sad ths, Ruma|n.|vat ceased, wth hs mnd fu of
apprehenson, but the wse Yaugandharya|n.|a, that ocean of cam resouton
answered hm; "I have arranged the whoe pan, and the affars of kngs
often requre such steps to be taken, n proof of t, hear the foowng tae:"
Story of Pu|n.|yasena.
There ved ong ago n U||ayn
a kng named Pu|n.|yasena, and once
on a tme a powerfu soveregn came and attacked hm. Then hs
resoute mnsters, seeng that that kng was hard to conquer, spread
everywhere
a fase report that ther own soveregn Pu|n.|yasena was dead; and
they paced hm n conceament, and burnt some other man's corpse wth
a the ceremones approprate to a kng, and they proposed to the hoste
kng through an ambassador that, as they had now no kng, he shoud come
and be ther kng. The hoste monarch was peased and consented, and
then the mnsters assembed accompaned by soders, and proceeded to
storm hs camp. And the enemy's army beng destroyed, Pu|n.|yasena's
mnsters brought hm out of conceament, and havng recovered ther
power put that hoste kng to death.
"Such necesstes w arse n monarch's affars, therefore et us resoutey
accompsh ths busness of the kng's by spreadng a report of the
queen's havng been burnt." When he heard ths from Yaugandbarya|n.|a,
who had made up hs mnd, Ruma|n.|vat sad; "If ths s resoved upon, et
us send for Gopaka the queen's respected brother, and et us take a our
measures duy, after consutaton wth hm." Then Yaugandbarya|n.|a sad
"So be t," and Ruma|n.|vat aowed hmsef to be guded, n determnng
what was to be done, by the confdence whch he paced n hs coeague.
The next day, these dexterous mnsters sent off a messenger of ther own to
brng Gopaka, on the pretext that hs reatons onged to see hm. And
as he had ony departed before on account of urgent busness, Gopaka
came at the request of the messenger, seemng ke an ncarnate festva.
And the very day he came, Yaugandbarya|n.|a took hm by nght to hs own
house together wth Ruma|n.|vat, and there he tod hm of that darng
scheme whch he wshed to undertake, a of whch he had before deberated
about together wth that Ruma|n.|vat; and Gopaka desrng the good
* In the orgna t s ntended to compare the ocks to the spots n the moon.
-----Fe: 119.png---------------------------------------------------------
of the kng of Vatsa consented to the scheme though he knew t woud
brng sorrow to hs sster, for the mnd of good men s ever fxed upon
duty. Then Ruma|n.|vat agan sad,--"A ths s we panned, but when
the kng of Vatsa hears that hs wfe s burnt, he w be ncned to yed
up hs breath, and how s he to be prevented from dong so? Ths s a
matter whch ought to be consdered. For though a the usua potc
expedents may advantageousy be empoyed, the prncpa eement of sound
state-craft s the avertng of msfortune." Then Yaugandharya|n.|a who
had refected on everythng that was to be done, sad, "There need be no
anxety about ths, for the queen s a prncess, the younger sster of Gopaka,
and dearer to hm than hs fe, and when the kng of Vatsa sees
how tte affcted Gopaka s, he w thnk to hmsef, 'Perhaps the
queen may be ave after a,' and so w be abe to contro hs feengs.
Moreover he s of heroc dsposton, and the marrage of Padmvat w
be qucky got through, and then we can soon brng the queen out of
conceament."
Then Yaugandharya|n.|a, and Gopaka, and Ruma|n.|vat havng
made up ther mnds to ths, deberated as foows: "Let us adopt the
artfce of gong to Lvnaka wth the kng and queen, for that dstrct s a
border-dstrct near the kngdom of Magadha. And because t contans
admrabe huntng-grounds, t w tempt the kng to absent hmsef from
the paace, so we can set the women's apartments there on fre and carry out
the pan|*| on whch we have determned. And by an artfce we w take
the queen and eave her n the paace of Padmvat, n order that Padmvat
hersef may be a wtness to the queen's vrtuous behavour n a state
of conceament." Havng thus deberated together durng the nght, they
a, wth Yaugandharya|n.|a at ther head, entered the kng's paace on the
next day. Then Ruma|n.|vat made the foowng representaton to the kng,
"O kng, t s a ong tme snce we have gone to Lvnaka, and t s a very
deghtfu pace, moreover you w fnd capta huntng-grounds there, and
grass for the horses can easy be obtaned. And the kng of Magadha,
beng so near, affcts a that dstrct. So et us go there for the sake of
defendng t, as we as for our own en|oyment." And the kng, when he
heard ths, havng hs mnd aways set on en|oyment, determned to go to
Lvnaka together wth Vsavadatt. The next day, the |ourney havng
been decded on, and the auspcous hour havng been fxed by the astroogers,
suddeny the hermt Nrada came to vst the monarch.
He umnated the regon wth hs spendour, as he descended from the
mdst of heaven, and gave a feast to the eyes of a spectators, seemng as f
he were the moon come down out of affecton towards hs own descendants.|*|
After acceptng the usua hosptabe attentons, the hermt gracousy gave
* Readng yad h.
* The moon was the progentor of the P|n.||d.|ava race.
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to the kng, who bowed humby before hm, a garand from the Pr|ta*
tree. And he congratuated the queen, by whom he was potey receved,
promsng her that she shoud have a son, who shoud be a porton of
Cupd** and kng of a the Vdydharas. And then he sad to the kng of
Vatsa, whe Yaugandharya|n.|a was standng by, "O kng, the sght of
your wfe Vsavadatt has strangey brought somethng to my recoecton.
In od tme you had for ancestors Yudhsh|t.|hra and hs brothers. And those
fve had one wfe between them, Draupad by name. And she, ke Vsavadatt,
was matchess n beauty. Then, fearng that her beauty woud
do mschef, I sad to them, you must avod |eaousy, for that s the seed of
caamtes; n proof of t, sten to the foowng tae, whch I w reate to
you.
Story of Sunda and Upasunda
There were two brothers, Asuras
by race, Sunda and Upasunda, hard
to overcome, nasmuch as they surpassed the three words n vaour. And
Brahm, wshng to destroy them, gave an order to V|'s|vakarman,*** and had
constructed a heaveny woman named Tottam, n order to behod whose
beauty even |'S|va truy became four-faced, so as to ook four ways at once,
whe she was devouty crcumambuatng hm. She, by the order of Brahm,
went to Sunda and Upasunda, whe they were n the garden of Kasa,
n order to seduce them. And both those two Asuras dstracted wth ove,
sezed the far one at the same tme by both her arms, the moment they saw
her near them. And as they were draggng her off n mutua opposton,
they soon came to bows, and both of them were destroyed. To whom s not
the attractve ob|ect caed woman the cause of msfortune? And you,
though many, have one ove, Draupad, therefore you must wthout fa
avod quarreng about her. And by my advce aways observe ths rue
wth respect to her. When she s wth the edest, she must be consdered a
mother by the younger, and when she s wth the youngest, she must be
consdered a daughter-n-aw by the edest. Your ancestors, O kng, accepted
that speech of mne wth unanmous consent, havng ther mnds fxed
on sautary counses. And they were my frends, and t s through ove for
them that I have come to vst you here, kng of Vatsa, therefore I gve
you ths advce. Do you foow the counse of your mnsters, as they
foowed mne, and n a short tme you w gan great success. For some
tme you w suffer gref, but you must not be too much dstressed about
t, for t w end n happness." After the hermt Nrada, so cever n
ndrecty ntmatng future prosperty, had sad ths duy to the kng of
Vatsa, he mmedatey dsappeared. And then Yaugandharya|n.|a and a
* One of the fve trees of Paradse,
** Kama the Hndu Cupd.
*** The archtect or artst of the gods.
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the other mnsters, argurng |**sp|from the speech of that great hermt that
the
scheme they had n vew was about to succeed, became exceedngy zeaous
about carryng t nto effect.
CHAPTER XVI.
Then Yaugandharyana and the other mnsters managed to conduct
the kng of Vatsa wth hs beoved, by the above-mentoned stratagem, to
Lvnaka. The kng arrved at that pace, whch, by the roar of the host
echong through t, seemed, as t were, to procam that the mnsters' ob|ect
woud be successfuy attaned. And the kng of Magadha, when he heard
that the ord of Vatsa had arrved there wth a arge foowng, trembed,
antcpatng attack. But he beng wse, sent an ambassador to
Yaugandharyana,
and that exceent mnster we-versed n hs dutes, receved hm
gady. The kng of Vatsa for hs part, whe stayng n that pace, ranged
every day the wde-extended forest for the sake of sport. One day, the
kng havng gone to hunt, the wse Yaugandharyana accompaned by
Gopaka, havng arranged what was to be done, and takng wth hm aso
Rumanvat and Vasantaka, went secrety to the queen Vsavadatt, who
bowed at ther approach. There he used varous representatons to persuade
her to assst n furtherng the kng's nterests, though she had been
prevousy nformed of the whoe affar by her brother. And she agreed
to the proposa, though t nfcted on her the pan of separaton. What
ndeed s there whch women of good famy, who are attached to ther
husbands, w not endure? Thereupon the skfu Yaugandharyana made
her assume the appearance of a Brhman woman, havng gven her a charm,
whch enabed her to change her shape. And he made Vasantaka one-eyed
and ke a Brhman boy, and as for hmsef, he n the same way assumed
the appearance of an od Brhman. Then that mghty-mnded one took
the queen, after she had assumed that appearance, and accompaned by
Vasantaka, set out esurey for the town of Magadha. And so Vsavadatt
eft her house, and went n body presence aong the road, though she
wandered n sprt to her husband. Then Rumanvat burnt her pavon
wth fre, and excamed aoud--"Aas! aas! The queen and Vasantaka
are burnt." And so n that pace there rose to heaven at the same tme
fames and amentaton; the fames graduay subsded, not so the sound of
weepng. Then Yaugandharyana wth Vsavadatt and Vasantaka reached
the cty of the kng of Magadha, and seeng the prncess Padmvat n the
garden, he went up to her wth those two, though the guards tred to prevent
-----Fe: 122.png---------------------------------------------------------
hm. And Padm|'a|vat|'|, when she saw the queen V|'a|savadatt|'a| n the
dress
of a Br|'a|hman woman, fe n ove wth her at frst sght. The prncess
ordered the guards to desst from ther opposton, and had
Yaugandhar|'a|yana,
who was dsgused as a Br|'a|hman, conducted nto her presence. And
she addressed to hm ths queston, "Great Br|'a|hman, who s ths gr you
have
wth you, and why are you come?" And he answered her, "Prncess, ths
s my daughter |'A|vantk|'a| by name, and her husband, beng addcted to
vce,|*| has deserted her and fed somewhere or other. So I w eave her
n your care, ustrous ady, whe I go and fnd her husband, and brng
hm back, whch w be n a short tme. And et ths one-eyed boy, her
brother, reman here near her, n order that she may not be greved at
havng to reman aone." He sad ths to the prncess, and she granted
hs request, and, takng eave of the queen, the good mnster qucky returned
to L|'a|v|'a|naka. Then Padm|'a|vat|'| took wth her V|'a|savadatt|'a|, who was
passng under the name of |'A|vantk|'a|, and Vasantaka who accompaned her
n the form of a one-eyed boy; and shewng her exceent dsposton by
her knd recepton and affectonate treatment of them, entered her
spenddy-adorned paace; and there V|'a|savadatt|'a|, seeng St|'a| n the
hstory
of R|'a|ma represented upon the panted was, was enabed to bear her own
sorrow. And Padm|'a|vat|'| perceved that V|'a|savadatt|'a| was a person of
very
hgh rank, by her shape, her decate softness, the gracefu manner n whch
she sat down, and ate, and aso by the sme of her body, whch was fragrant
as the bue otus, and so she entertaned her wth uxurous comfort
to her heart's content, even such as she en|oyed hersef. And she thought
to hersef, "Surey she s some dstngushed person remanng here n
conceament;
dd not Draupad|'| reman conceaed n the paace of the kng of
Vr|'a|ta?" Then V|'a|savadatt|'a|, out of regard for the prncess made for her
unfadng garands and forehead-streaks, as the kng of Vatsa had prevousy
taught her; and Padm|'a|vat|'|'s mother, seeng her adorned wth them,
asked her prvatey who had made those garands and streaks. Then
Padm|'a|vat|'| sad to her, "There s dweng here n my house a certan ady of
the name of |'A|vantk|'a|, she made a these for me." When her mother heard
that, she sad to her, then, my daughter, she s not a woman, she s some
goddess, snce she possesses such knowedge; gods and aso hermts reman
n the houses of good peope for the sake of deudng them, and n proof of
ths sten to the foowng anecdote.
Story of Kunt|'|.
There was once a kng named
Kuntbhoga; and a hermt of the
name of Durv|'a|sas, who was exceedngy fond of deudng peope, came and
stayed n hs paace. He commssoned hs own daughter Kunt|'| to attend
* Ths s teray true. The kng was addcted to the vyasana or vce of huntng.
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upon the hermt, and she dgenty wated upon hm. And one day he,
wshng to prove her, sad to her, "Cook boed rce wth mk and sugar
qucky, whe I bathe, and then I w come and eat t." The sage sad ths,
and bathed qucky, and then he came to eat t, and Kunt brought hm
the vesse fu of that food; and then the hermt, knowng that t was amost
red-hot wth the heated rce, and seeng that she coud not hod t n her
hands,|*| cast a ook at the back of Kunt and she percevng what was passng
n the hermt's mnd, paced the vesse on her back; then he ate to
hs heart's content whe Kunt's back was beng burnt, and because,
though she was terrby burnt, she stood wthout beng at a dscomposed,
the hermt was much peased wth her conduct, and after he had eaten
granted her a boon.
"So the hermt remaned there, and n the same way ths Avantk, who
s now stayng n your paace, s some dstngushed person, therefore
endeavour
to concate her." When she heard ths from the mouth of her mother,
Padmvat showed the utmost consderaton for Vsavadatt, who was vng
dsgused n her paace. And Vsavadatt for her part, beng separated
from her ord, remaned there pae wth bereavement, ke a otus n the
nght.|*| But the varous boysh grmaces, whch Vasantaka exhbted,|*|
agan and agan caed a sme nto her face.
In the meanwhe the kng of Vatsa, who had wandered away nto
very dstant huntng-grounds, returned ate n the evenng to Lvnaka.
And there he saw the women's apartments reduced to ashes by fre, and
heard from hs mnsters that the queen was burnt wth Vasantaka. And
when he heard t, he fe on the ground, and he was robbed of hs senses by
unconscousness, that seemed to desre to remove the panfu sense of gref.
But n a moment he came to hmsef and was burnt wth sorrow n hs
heart, as f penetrated wth the fre that strove to consume|*| the mage of
the queen mprnted there. Then overpowered wth sorrow he amented, and
thought of nothng but sucde; but a moment after he began to refect,
cang to mnd the foowng predcton--"From ths queen sha be born
a son who sha regn over a the Vdydharas. Ths s what the hermt
Nrada tod me, and t cannot be fase. Moreover that same hermt
warned me that I shoud have sorrow for some tme. And the affcton of
Gopaka seems to be but sght. Besdes I cannot detect any excessve
gref n Yaugandharyana and the other mnsters, therefore I suspect the
queen may possby be ave. But the mnsters may n ths matter have
1 I read hastagrahyogym for the dhastagrahyogym of Dr. Brockhaus.
2 The fower coses when the sun sets.
3 To keep up hs character as a Brhman boy.
4 I read dhashn.
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empoyed a certan amount of potc artfce, therefor I may some day be
re-unted wth the queen. So I see an end to ths affcton." Thus refectng
and beng exhorted by hs mnsters, the kng estabshed n hs heart
sef-contro. And Gopaka sent off a prvate messenger mmedatey,
wthout any one's knowng of t, to hs sster, to comfort her, wth an exact
report of the state of affars. Such beng the stuaton n Lvnaka, the
spes of the kng of Magadha who were there, went off to hm and tod hm
a. The kng who was ever ready to seze the opportune moment, when,
he heard ths, was once more anxous to gve to the kng of Vatsa hs
daughter Padmvat, who had before been asked n marrage by hs mnsters.
Then he communcated hs wshes wth respect to ths matter to the
kng of Vatsa, and aso to Yaugandharya|n.|a. And by the advce of
Yaugandharya|n.|a,
the kng of Vatsa accepted that proposa, thnkng to hmsef
that perhaps ths was the very reason why the queen had been conceaed.
Then Yaugandharya|n.|a qucky ascertaned an auspcous moment, and sent
to the soveregn of Magadha an ambassador wth an answer to hs proposa
whch ran as foows: "Thy desre s approved by us, so on the seventh day
from ths, the kng of Vatsa w arrve at thy court to marry Padmvat,
n order that he may qucky forget Vsavadatt." Ths was the message
whch the great mnster sent to that kng. And that ambassador conveyed
t to the kng of Magadha, who receved hm |oyfuy. Then the ord of
Magadha made such preparatons for the |oyfu occason of the marrage,
as were n accordance wth hs ove for hs daughter, hs own desre, and
hs weath; and Padmvat was deghted at hearng that she had obtaned
the brdegroom she desred, but, when Vsavadatt heard that news, she
was depressed n sprt. That ntegence, when t reached her ear, changed
the coour of her face, and asssted the transformaton effected by her dsguse.
But Vasantaka sad, "In ths way an enemy w be turned nto a
frend, and your husband w not be aenated from you." Ths speech of
Vasantaka's|**not necessary: 's| consoed her ke a confdante, and enabed
her to bear up. Then
the dscreet ady agan prepared for Padmvat unfadng garands and
forehead-streaks, both of heaveny beauty, as her marrage was now ngh,
at hand; and when the seventh day from that arrved, the monarch of
Vatsa actuay came there wth hs troops, accompaned by hs mnsters,
to marry her. How coud he n hs state of bereavement have ever thought
of undertakng such a thng, f he had not hoped n that way to recover
the queen? And the kng of Magadha mmedatey came wth great deght
to meet hm, (who was a feast to the eyes of the kng's sub|ects,) as
the sea advances to meet the rsng moon. Then the monarch of Vatsa
entered the cty of the kng of Magadha, and at the same tme great |oy
entered the mnds of the ctzens on every sde. There the women behed
hm fascnatng|*| the mnd, though hs frame was attenuated from be-*
Ths appes aso to the god of ove who bewders the mnd.
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*reavement, ookng ke the god of ove, deprved of hs wfe Rat.
Then the kng of Vatsa entered the paace of the ord of Magadha,
and proceeded to the chamber prepared for the marrage ceremony,
whch was fu of women whose husbands were st ave. In that
chamber he behed Padmvat adorned for the weddng, surpassng
wth the fu moon of her face the crce of the fu moon. And seeng
that she had garands and forehead-streaks such as he hmsef ony coud
make, the kng coud not hep wonderng where she got them. Then he
ascended the rased patform of the atar, and hs takng her hand there
was a commencement of hs takng the trbute* of the whoe earth. The
smoke of the atar dmmed hs eyes wth tears, as supposng that he coud
not bear to wtness the ceremony, snce he oved Vsavadatt so much.
Then the face of Padmvat, reddened wth crcumambuatng the fre,
appeared as f fu of anger on account of her percevng what was passng
n her husband's mnd. When the ceremony of marrage was competed,
the kng of Vatsa et the hand of Padmvat qut hs, but he never even
for a moment aowed the mage of Vsavadatt to be absent from hs
heart. Then the kng of Magadha gave hm |ewes n such abundance,
that the earth seemed to be deprved of her gems, they a havng been
extracted. And Yaugandharya|n.|a, cang the fre to wtness on that
occason, made the kng of Magadha undertake never to n|ure hs master.
So that festve scene proceeded, wth the dstrbuton of garments and
ornaments, wth the songs of exceent mnstres, and the dancng of dancng-
grs.
In the meanwhe Vsavadatt remaned unobserved, hopng for
the gory of her husband, appearng+ to be aseep, ke the beauty of the
moon n the day. Then the kng of Vatsa went to the women's apartments,
and the skfu Yaugandharya|n.|a, beng afrad that he woud see
the queen, and that so the whoe secret woud be dvuged, sad to the
soveregn of Magadha, "Prnce, ths very day the kng of Vatsa w set
forth from thy house." The kng of Magadha consented to t, and then the
mnster made the very same announcement to the kng of Vatsa, and he
aso approved of t.
Then the kng of Vatsa set out from that pace, after hs attendants
had eaten and drunk, together wth hs mnsters, escortng hs brde
Padmvat.
And Vsavadatt, ascendng a comfortabe carrage sent by Padmvat,
wth ts great horses aso put at her dsposa by her, went secrety
n the rear of the army, makng the transformed Vasantaka precede her.
At ast the kng of Vatsa reached Lvnaka, and entered hs own house,
together wth hs brde, but thought a the tme ony of the queen Vsavadatt.
The queen aso arrved and entered the house of Gopaka at nght,
* Kara means hand, and aso trbute. + I read va for eva.
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makng the chamberans wat round t. There she saw her brother Gopaka
who shewed her great attenton, and she embraced hs neck weepng,
whe hs eyes fed wth tears; and at that moment arrved Yaugandharyana,
true to hs prevous agreement, together wth Ruma|n.|vat, and the
queen shewed hm a due courtesy. And whe he was engaged n dspeng
the queen's gref caused by the great effort she had made, and her
separaton from her husband, those chamberans repared to Padmvat,
and sad, " Oueen, Avantk has arrved, but she has n a strange way
dsmssed
us, and gone to the house of prnce Gopaka." When Padmvat
heard that representaton from her chamberans, she was aarmed and n
the presence of the kng of Vatsa answered them, "Go and say to Avantk,
'The queen says--You are a depost n my hands, so what busness have
you where you are? Come where I am.'" When they heard that, they departed
and the kng asked Padmvat n prvate who made for her the
unfadng garands and forehead-streaks. Then she sad, "It s a the
product of the great artstc sk of the ady named Avantk who was
deposted n my house by a certan Brhman." No sooner dd the kng hear
that, then he went off to the house of Gopaka, thnkng that surey
Vsavadatt woud be there. And he entered the house, at the door of
whch eunuchs were standng,|*| and wthn whch were the queen, Gopaka,
the two mnsters, and Vasantaka. There he saw Vsavadatt returned
from banshment, ke the orb of the moon freed from ts ecpse. Then
he fe on the earth derous wth the poson of gref, and trembng was
produced n the heart of Vsavadatt. Then she too fe on the earth wth
mbs pae from separaton, and amented aoud, bamng her own conduct.
And that coupe, affcted wth gref, amented so that even the face of
Yaugandharya|n.|a was washed wth tears. And then Padmvat too heard
that wang, whch seemed so tte suted to the occason, and came n a
state of bewderment to the pace whence t proceeded. And graduay
rndng out the truth wth respect to the kng and Vsavadatt, she was
reduced to the same state, for good women are affectonate and tender-
hearted.
And Vsavadatt frequenty excamed wth tears, "What proft s
there n my fe that causes ony sorrow to my husband?" Then the cam
Yaugandharya|n.|a sad to the kng of Vatsa: "Kng, I have done a ths n
order to make you unversa emperor, by marryng you to the daughter of
the soveregn of Magadha, and the queen s not n the sghtest degree to
bame; moreover ths, her rva wfe, s wtness to her good behavour durng
her absence from you." Thereupon Padmvat, whose mnd was free from
|eaousy, sad, "I am ready to enter the fre on the spot to prove her
nnocence."
And the kng sad, "I am n faut, as t was for my sake that the
queen endured ths great affcton." And Vsavadatt havng frmy resov-*
* Readng taddvrasthtamahattaram as one word.
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*ed, sad, "I must enter the fre to cear from suspcon the mnd of the
kng." Then the wse Yaugandharya|n.|a, best of rght-actng men, rnsed
hs mouth, wth hs face towards the east, and spoke a bameess speech;
"If I have been a benefactor to ths kng, and f the queen s free from stan,
speak, ye guardans of the word; f t s not so, I w part from my body."
Thus he spoke and ceased, and ths heaveny utterance was heard: "Happy
art thou, O kng, that hast for mnster Yaugandharya|n.|a, and for wfe
Vsavadatt, who n a former brth was a goddess; not the sghtest bame
attaches to her." Havng uttered ths, the Voce ceased. A who were
present, when they heard that sound, whch resounded though a the
regons, deghtfu as the deep thunder-roar at the frst comng of the ran-
couds,
havng endured affcton for a ong tme, fted up ther hands
and pany mtated peafow n ther |oy. Moreover the kng of Vatsa
and Gopaka prased that proceedng of Yaugandharya|n.|a's, and the former
aready consdered that the whoe earth was sub|ect to hm. Then
that kng possessng those two wves, whose affecton was every day
ncreased by vng wth hm, ke |oy and tranquty come to vst hm n
body form, was n a state of supreme fecty.
CHAPTER XVII.
Story of Urva|'s|
The next day, the kng of Vatsa, sttng n prvate wth Vsavadatt,
and Padmvat, engaged n a festve banquet, sent for Yaugandharya|n.|a,
Gopaka, Ruma|n.|vat and Vasantaka, and had much confdenta conversaton
wth them. Then the kng, n the hearng of them a, tod the
foowng tae wth reference to the sub|ect of hs separaton from hs
beoved.
Once on a tme there was a kng
of the name of Purravas, who was
a devoted worshpper of Vsh|n.|u; he traversed heaven as we as earth
wthout
opposton, and one day, as he was saunterng n Nandana, the garden
of the gods, a certan Apsaras of the name of Urva|'s|, who was a second
stupfyng weapon|*| n the hands of Love, cast an eye upon hm. The
moment she behed hm, the sght so competey robbed her of her senses,
that she aarmed the tmd mnds of Rambh and her other frends. The
kng too, when he saw that torrent of the nectar of beauty, was qute
fant wth thrst, because he coud not obtan possesson of her. Then
* Ths, wth the water weapon, and that of whrwnd, s mentoned n the
Rmyana
and the Uttara Rma Charta.
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Vsh|n.|u, who knoweth a, dweng n the sea of mk, gave the foowng
command to Nrada, an exceent hermt, who came to vst hm--"O Dvne
sage,|*| the kng Purravas, at present abdng n the garden of Nandana,
havng had hs mnd captvated by Urva|'s|, remans ncapabe of bearng
the pan of separaton from hs ove. Therefore go, O hermt, and nformng
Indra as from me, cause that Urva|'s| to be qucky gven to the kng."
Havng receved ths order from Vsh|n.|u, Nrada undertook to execute t,
and gong to Purravas who was n the state descrbed, roused hm from
hs ethargy and sad to hm;--"Rse up, O kng, for thy sake I am sent
here by Vsh|n.|u, for that god does not negect the sufferngs of those who
are unfegnedy devoted to hm." Wth these words, the hermt Nrada
cheered up Purravas, and then went wth hm nto the presence of the kng
of the gods.
Then he communcated the order of Vsh|n.|u to Indra, who receved t
wth reverent mnd, and so the hermt caused Urva|'s| to be gven to
Purravas.
That gft of Urva|'s| deprved the nhabtants of heaven of fe, but
t was to Urva|'s| hersef an exr to restore her to fe. Then Purravas
returned wth her to the earth, exhbtng to the eyes of mortas the
wonderfu spectace of a heaveny brde. Thenceforth those two, Urva|'s|
and that kng, remaned, so to speak, fastened together by the eash of gazng
on one another, so that they were unabe to separate. One day Purravas
went to heaven, nvted by Indra to assst hm, as a war had arsen
between hm and the Dnavas. In that war the kng of the Asuras, named
Myadhara, was san, and accordngy Indra hed a great feast, at whch
a the nymphs of heaven dspayed ther sk. And on that occason Purravas,
when he saw the nymph Rambh performng a dramatc dance
caed chata,|*| wth the teacher Tumburu standng by her, aughed. Then
Rambh sad to hm sarcastcay--"I suppose, morta, you know ths
heaveny dance, do you not?" Purravas answered, "From assocatng wth
Urva|'s|, I knew dances whch even your teacher Tumburu does not know."
When Tumburu heard that, he ad ths curse on hm n hs wrath, "Mayest
thou be separated from Urva|'s| unt thou proptate Krsh|n.|a." When he
heard that curse, Purravas went and tod Urva|'s| what had happened to
hm, whch was terrbe as "a thunderbot from the bue." Immedatey
some Gandharvas swooped down, wthout the kng's seeng them, and carred
off Urva|'s|, whther he knew not. Then Purravas, knowng that the caamty
was due to that curse, went and performed penance to appease Vsh|n.|u
n the hermtage of Badark.
But Urva|'s|, remanng n the country of the Gandharvas, affcted at
her separaton, was as vod of sense as f she had been dead, aseep, or a
* Or Devarsh, beongng to the hghest cass of |R.|shs or patrarcha sants.
* Ths dance s mentoned n the 1st Act of the Mavkgnmtra.
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mere pcture. She kept hersef ave wth hopng for the end of the curse,
but t s wonderfu that she dd not ose her hod on fe, whe she remaned
ke the femae chakravka durng the nght, the apponted tme of her
separaton from the mae brd. And Purravas proptated Vsh|n.|u by
that penance, and, owng to Vsh|n.|u's havng been gratfed, the Gandharvas
surrendered Urva|'s| to hm. So that kng, re-unted to the nymph whom
he had recovered at the termnaton of the curse, en|oyed heaveny peasures,
though vng upon earth.
The kng stopped speakng, and Vsavadatt fet an emoton of shame
at havng endured separaton, when she heard of the attachment of Urva|'s|
to her husband.
Then Yaugandharya|n.|a, seeng that the queen was abashed at havng
been ndrecty reproved by her husband, sad, n order to make hm fee n
hs turn,--"Kng, sten to ths tae, f you have not aready heard t.
Story of Vhtasena
There s on ths earth a cty of
the name or Tmr, the dweng of
the goddess of Prosperty; n t there was a famous kng named Vhtasena;
he had a wfe named Te|ovat, a very goddess upon earth. That kng was
ever hangng on her neck, devoted to her embraces, and coud not even
bear that hs body shoud be for a short tme scratched wth the coat of
ma. And once there came upon the kng a ngerng fever wth dmnshng
ntensty; and the physcans forbade hm to contnue n the queen's
socety. But when he was excuded from the socety of the queen, there
was engendered n hs heart a dsease not to be reached by medcne or
treatment.
The physcans tod the mnsters n prvate that the dsease mght
reeve tsef by fear or the stroke of some affcton. The mnsters refected--
"How can we produce fear n that brave kng, who dd not trembe
when an enormous snake once fe on hs back, who was not confused when
a hoste army penetrated nto hs harem? It s useess thnkng of devces
to produce fear; what are we mnsters, to do wth the kng?" Thus the
mnsters refected, and after deberatng wth the queen, conceaed her, and
sad to the kng, "The queen s dead." Whe the kng was tortured wth
that exceedng gref, n hs agtaton that dsease n hs heart reeved tsef.*
When the kng had got over the pan of the ness, the mnsters
restored to hm that great queen, who seemed ke a second gft of ease,
and the kng vaued her hghy as the savour of hs fe, and was too wse
to bear anger aganst her afterwards for conceang hersef.
For t s care for a husband's nterests that enttes a kng's wfe to
the name of queen; by mere compance wth a husband's whms the name
* Lteray broke. The vydh or dsease must have been of the nature of an
abscess.
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of queen s not obtaned. And dschargng the duty of mnster means undvded
attenton to the burden of the kng's affars, but the compance
wth a kng's passng fances s the characterstc of a mere courter.
Accordngy
we made ths effort n order to come to terms wth your enemy,
the kng of Magadha, and wth a vew to your conquerng the whoe earth.
So t s not the case that the queen, who, through ove for you, endured
ntoerabe separaton, has done you a wrong; on the contrary she has
conferred
on you a great beneft." When the kng of Vatsa heard ths true
speech of hs prme-mnster's, he thought that he hmsef was n the wrong,
and was qute satsfed.
And he sad; "I know ths we enough, that the queen, ke Pocy|** uncear|
ncarnate
n body form, actng under your nspraton, has bestowed upon
me the domnon of the earth. But that unbecomng speech, whch I uttered,
was due to excessve affecton; how can peope whose mnds are bnded
wth ove brng themseves to deberate camy?*" Wth such conversaton
that kng of Vatsa brought the day and the queen's ecpse of shame to an
end. On the next day a messenger sent by the kng of Magadha, who had
dscovered the rea state of the case, came to the soveregn of Vatsa, and sad
to hm as from hs master; "We have been deceved by thy mnsters,
therefore take such steps as that the word may not henceforth be to us a
pace of msery." When he heard that, the kng shewed a honour to the
messenger, and sent hm to Padmvat to take hs answer from her. She,
for her part, beng atogether devoted to Vsavadatt, had an ntervew wth
the ambassador n her presence. For humty s an unfang characterstc
of good women. The ambassador devered her father's message--
"My daughter, you have been marred by an artfce, and your husband s
attached to another, thus t has come to pass that I reap n msery the frut
of beng the father of a daughter." But Padmvat thus answered hm,
Say to my father from me here--"What need of gref? For my husband
s very ndugent to me, and the queen Vsavadatt s my affectonate sster,
so my father must not be angry wth my husband, uness he wshes to
break hs own pghted fath and my heart at the same tme." When ths
becomng answer had been gven by Padmvat, the queen Vsavadatt
hosptaby entertaned the ambassador and then sent hm away. When
the ambassador had departed, Padmvat remaned somewhat depressed
wth regret, cang to mnd her father's house. Then Vsavadatt ordered
Vasantaka to amuse her, and he came near, and wth that ob|ect proceeded
to te the foowng tae:
Story of Somaprabh
There s a cty, the ornament of
the earth, caed Ptaputra, and n t
there was a great merchant named Dharmagupta. He had a wfe named
* Amare et sapere vx deo concodtur. (Pubus Syrus.)
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Chandraprabh, and she once on a tme became pregnant, and brought forth
a daughter beautfu n a her mbs. That gr, the moment she was born,
umnated the chamber wth her beauty, spoke dstncty,* and got up
and sat down. Then Dharmagupta, seeng that the women n the yng-n-
chamber
were astonshed and terrfed, went there hmsef n a state of
aarm. And mmedatey he asked that gr n secret, bowng before her
humby,--"Adorabe one, who art thou, that art thus become ncarnate n my
famy?" She answered hm, "Thou must not gve me n marrage to any
one; as ong as I reman n thy house, father, I am a bessng to thee;
what proft s there n enqurng further?" When she sad ths to hm,
Dharmagupta was frghtened, and he conceaed her n hs house gvng out
abroad that she was dead. Then that gr, whose name was Somaprabh
graduay grew up wth human body, but ceesta spendour of beauty.
And one day a young merchant, of the name of Guhachandra, behed her, as
she was standng upon the top of her paace, ookng on wth deght at the
ceebraton of the sprng-festva; she cung ke a creeper of ove round
hs heart, so that he was, as t were, fant, and wth dffcuty got home to
hs house. There he was tortured wth the pan of ove, and when hs parents
persstenty mportuned hm to te them the cause of hs dstress, he
nformed them by the mouth of a frend. Then hs father, whose name was
Guhasena, out of ove for hs son, went to the house of Dharmagupta, to
ask hm to gve hs daughter n marrage to Guhachandra. Then Dharmagupta
put off Guhasena when he made the request, desrng to obtan a
daughter-n-aw, and sad to hm, "The fact s, my daughter s out of her
mnd." Consderng that he meant by that to refuse to gve hs daughter,
Guhasena returned home, and there he behed hs son prostrated by the
fever of ove, and thus refected, "I w persuade the kng to move n ths
matter, for I have before ths conferred an obgaton on hm, and he w
cause that maden to be gven to my son, who s at the pont of death."
Havng thus determned, the merchant went and presented to the kng a
spendd |ewe, and made known to hm hs desre. The kng, for hs part,
beng we-dsposed towards hm, commssoned the head of the poce to
assst hm, wth whom he went to the house of Dharmagupta; and surrounded
t on a sdes wth pocemen,** so that Dharmagupta's throat
was choked wth tears, as he expected utter run. Then Somaprabh sad to
Dharmagupta--"Gve me n marrage, my father, et not caamty befa
you on my account, but I must never be treated as a wfe by my husband,
* Lebrecht n an essay on some modern Greek songs (Zur Vokskunde, p. 211)
gves numerous stores of chdren who spoke shorty after brth. It appears to
have
been generay consdered an ev omen. Cp. tho Romance of Mern. (Dunop's
Hstory
of Fcton, p. 146.)
** More teray; bockaded hs house wth pocemen, and hs throat wth tears.
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and ths agreement you must make n express terms wth my future father-n-
aw."
When hs daughter had sad ths to hm. Dharmagupta agreed to
gve her n marrage, after stpuatng that she shoud not be treated as a
wfe; and Guhasena wth nward aughter agreed to the condton, thnkng
to hmsef, "Ony et my son be once marred." Then Guhachandra, the
son of Guhasena, went to hs own house, takng wth hm hs brde
Somaprabh. And n the evenng hs father sad to hm, "My son,
treat her as a wfe, for who abstans from the socety of hs own
wfe?" When she heard that, the brde Somaprabh ooked angry at her
father-n-aw, and whred round her threatenng fore-fnger, as t were the
decree of death. When he saw that fnger of hs daughter-n-aw, the
breath of that merchant mmedatey eft hm, and fear came upon a
besdes. But Guhachandra, when hs father was dead, thought to hmsef,
"The goddess of death has entered nto my house as a wfe." And thenceforth
he avoded the socety of that wfe, though she remaned n hs house, and
so observed a vow dffcut as that of standng on the edge of a sword.
And beng ny consumed by that gref, osng hs taste for a en|oyment,
he made a vow and feasted Brhmans every day. And that wfe of hs, of
heaveny beauty, observng strct sence, used aways to gve a fee to those
Brhmans after they had eaten. One day an aged Brhman, who had come
to be fed, behed her exctng the wonder of the word by her dower of beauty;
then the Brhman fu of curosty secrety asked Guhachandra; "Te
me who ths young wfe of yours s." Then Guhachandra, beng mportuned
by that Brhman, tod hm wth affcted mnd her whoe story. When he
heard t, the exceent Brhman, fu of compasson, gave hm a charm for
appeasng the fre, n order that he mght obtan hs desre. Accordngy,
whe Guhachandra was n secret mutterng that charm, there appeared to
hm a Brhman from the mdst of the fre. And that god of fre n the
shape of a Brhman, sad to hm, as he ay prostrate at hs feet, "To-day I
w eat n thy house, and I w reman there durng the nght. And after
I have shewn thee the truth wth respect to thy wfe, I w accompsh
thy desre." When he had sad ths to Guhachandra, the Brhman entered
hs house. There he ate ke the other Brhmans, and ay down at nght
near Guhachandra for one watch of the nght ony, such was hs unwearyng
zea. And at ths perod of the nght, Somaprabh, the wfe of Guhachandra,
went out from the house of her husband, a the nmates of whch
were aseep. At that moment that Brhman woke up Guhachandra, and
sad to hm, "Come, see what thy wfe s dong."
And by magc power he gave Guhachandra and hmsef the shape of
bees,* and gong out he shewed hm that wfe of hs, who had ssued from
* So n the XXIst of Mss Stokes's Indan Fary Taes the fakr changes the kng's
son nto a fy. Cp. aso Veekenstedt's Wendsche Sagen, p. 127.
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the house. And that far one went a ong dstance outsde the cty, and
the Brhman wth Guhachandra foowed her. Thereupon Guhachandra
saw before hm a Nyagrodha* tree of wde extent, beautfu wth ts shady
stem, and under t he heard a heaveny sound of sngng, sweet wth strans
foatng on the ar, accompaned wth the musc of the yre and the fute.
And on the trunk of the tree he saw a heaveny maden, ke hs wfe n
appearance, seated on a spendd throne, ecpsng by her beauty the moon-
beam,
fanned wth whte chowres, ke the goddess presdng over the
treasure of a the moon's beauty. And then Guhachandra saw hs wfe
ascend that very tree and st down besde that ady, occupyng haf of her
throne. Whe he was contempatng those two heaveny madens of equa
beauty sttng together, t seemed to hm as f that nght were ghted by
three moons.**
Then he, fu of curosty thought, for a moment, "Can ths be seep or
deuson? But away wth both these suppostons! Ths s the expandng
of the bossom from the bud of assocaton wth the wse, whch sprngs
on the tree of rght conduct, and ths bossom gves promse of the approprate
frut." Whe he was thus refectng at hs esure, those two ceesta
madens, after eatng food suted for such as they were, drank heaveny wne.
Then the wfe of Guhachandra sad to the second heaveny maden, "To-day
some gorous Brhman has arrved n our house, for whch reason, my
sster, my heart s aarmed and I must go." In these words she took eave
of that other heaveny maden and descended from the tree. When
Guhachandra
and the Brhman saw that, they returned n front of her, st preservng
the form of bees, and arrved n the house by nght before she dd,
and afterwards arrved that heaveny maden, the wfe of Guhachandra, and
she entered the house wthout beng observed. Then that Brhman of hs
own accord sad to Guhachandra; "You have had ocuar proof that your wfe
s dvne and not human, and you have to-day seen her sster who s aso
dvne; and how do you suppose that a heaveny nymph can desre the
socety of a man? So I w gve you a charm to be wrtten up over her
door, and I w aso teach you an artfce to be empoyed outsde the house,
whch must ncrease the force of the charm. A fre burns even wthout
beng fanned, but much more when a strong current of ar s brought to
bear on t; n the same way a charm w produce the desred effect unaded,
but much more ready when asssted by an artfce." When he had sad ths,
* Fcus Indca. Such a tree s sad to have shetered an army. Its branches take
root and form a natura coster. Cp. Mton's Paradse Lost, Book IX, nes 1000
andff.
** For the umnatng power of femae beauty, see Note 3 to the 1st Tae n
Mss
Stokes's Coecton, where paraes are cted from the fok-ore of Europe and
Asa.
16
-----Fe: 134.png---------------------------------------------------------
the exceent Brhman gave a charm to Guhachandra, and nstructed hm
n the artfce, and then vanshed n the dawn. Guhachandra for hs part
wrote t up over the door of hs wfe's apartment, and n the evenng had
recourse to the foowng stratagem cacuated to excte her affecton. He
dressed hmsef spenddy and went and conversed wth a certan hetra
before her eyes. When she saw ths, the heaveny maden beng |eaous,
caed to hm wth voce set free by the charm, and asked hm who that
woman was? He answered her fasey; "She s a hetra who has taken a
fancy to me, and I sha go and pay her a vst to-day." Then she ooked at
hm askance wth wrnked brows, and ftng up her ve wth her eft hand,
sad to hm, "Ah! I see: ths s why you are dressed so grandy, do not
go to her, what have you to do wth her? Vst me, for I am your wfe."
When he had been thus mpored by her, agtated wth exctement, as f she
were possessed, though that ev demon whch hed her had been expeed
by the charm, he was n a state of ecstatc |oy, and he mmedatey entered
nto her chamber wth her, and en|oyed, though a morta, ceesta happness
not conceved of n magnaton. Havng thus obtaned her as a ovng
wfe, concated by the magc power of the charm, who abandoned for hm
her ceesta rank, Guhachandra ved happy ever after.
"Thus heaveny nymphs, who have been cast down by some curse, ve
as wves n the houses of rghteous men, as a reward for ther good deeds,
such as acts of devoton and charty. For the honourng of gods and
Brhmans s consdered the wshng-cow* of the good. For what s not
obtaned by that? A the other potc expedents, known as concaton
and so on, are mere ad|uncts.** But ev actons are the chef cause of even
heaveny bengs, born n a very ofty staton, fang from ther hgh estate;
as a hurrcane s the cause of the fang of bossoms." When he had sad ths
to the prncess, Vasantaka contnued; " Hear moreover what happened to
Ahay."
Story of Ahay
Once upon a tme there was a
great hermt named Gautama, who
knew the past, the present, and the future. And he had a wfe named
Ahay, who n beauty surpassed the nymphs of heaven. One day Indra, n
ove wth her beauty, tempted her n secret, for the mnd of ruers, bnded
wth power, runs towards unawfu ob|ects.
And she n her foy encouraged that husband of |'S|ach, beng the save
of her passons; but the hermt Gautama found out the ntrgue by hs
superhuman power, and arrved upon the scene. And Indra mmedatey
* Kmndhenu means a cow grantng a desres; such a cow s sad to have
beonged
to the sage Va|'s|shta.
** Concaton, brbery, sowng dssenson, and war.
-----Fe: 135.png---------------------------------------------------------
assumed, out of fear, the form of a cat. Then Gautama sad to Ahay;
"Who s here?" She answered her husband ambguousy n the Prkrt
daect,--"Here forsooth s a cat," so managng to preserve verba truth.|*|
Then Gautama sad, aughng, "It s qute true that your over s here,--and
he nfcted on her a curse, but ordaned that t shoud termnate because
she had shewed some regard for truth." The curse ran as foows; "Woman
of bad character, take for a ong tme the nature of a stone, unt thou behod
Rma wanderng n the forest." And Gautama at the same tme
nfcted on the god Indra the foowng curse; "A thousand pctures of
that whch thou hast desred sha be upon thy body, but when thou shat
behod Tottam, a heaveny nymph, whom V|'s|vakarman sha make, they
sha turn nto a thousand eyes." When he had pronounced ths curse, the
hermt returned to hs austertes accordng to hs desre, but Ahay for
her part assumed the awfu condton of a stone. And Indra mmedatey
had hs body covered wth repusve marks; for to whom s not mmoraty
a cause of humaton?
"So true s t that every man's ev actons aways bear frut n hmsef,
for whatever seed a man sows, of that he reaps the frut. Therefore persons
of nobe character never desre that, whch s dsagreeabe to ther
neghbours, for ths s the nvarabe observance of the good, prescrbed by
dvne aw. And you two were sster goddesses n a former brth, but you
have been degraded n consequence of a curse, and accordngy your hearts
are free from strfe and bent on dong one another good turns." When
they heard ths from Vasantaka, Vsavadatt and Padmvat dsmssed from
ther hearts even the smaest remnants of mutua |eaousy. But the queen
Vsavadatt made her husband equay the property of both, and acted as
kndy to Padmvat as f she were hersef, desrng her wefare.
When the kng of Magadha heard of that so great generosty of hers
from the messengers sent by Padmvat, he was much peased. So on the
next day the mnster Yaugandharyana came up to the kng of Vatsa
n the presence of the queen, the others aso standng by, and sad, "Why
do we not go now to Kansmb, my prnce, n order to begn our enterprse,
for we know that there s nothng to be feared from the kng of
Magadha, even though he has been deceved? For he has been competey
ganed over by means of the negotaton termed 'Gvng of a daughter': and
how coud he make war and so abandon hs daughter whom he oves more
than fe? He must keep hs word; moreover he has not been deceved by
you; I dd t a mysef; and t does not dspease hm; ndeed I have
earned from my spes that he w not act n a hoste way, and t was for
ths very purpose that we remaned here for these days." Whe
Yaugandharyana,
who had accompshed the task be had n hand, was speakng
1 The Prakrt word ma||o means "a cat" and aso "my over."
-----Fe: 136.png---------------------------------------------------------
thus, a messenger beongng to the kng of Magadha arrved there, and entered
nto the paace mmedatey, beng announced by the warder, and after
he had done obesance, he sat down and sad to the kng of Vatsa; "The
kng of Magadha s deghted wth the ntegence sent by the queen
Padmvat,
and he now sends ths message to your Hghness--'What need s
there of many words? I have heard a, and I am peased wth thee.
Therefore do the thng for the sake of whch ths begnnng has been made;
we submt ourseves.'" The kng of Vatsa |oyfuy receved ths cear speech
of the messenger's, resembng the bossom of the tree of pocy panted by
Yaugandharya|n.|a. Then he brought Padmvat wth the queen, and, after
he had bestowed a present upon the messenger, he dsmssed hm wth
honour. Then a messenger from Cha|n.||d.|amahsena aso arrved, and, after
enterng, he bowed before the kng, accordng to custom, and sad to hm,
"O kng, hs ma|esty Cha|n.||d.|amahsena, who understands the secrets of
pocy,
has earnt the state of thy affars and deghted sends ths message--'Your
ma|esty's exceence s pany decared by ths one fact, that you have
Yaugandharya|n.|a for your mnster, what need of further speeches? Bessed
too s Vsavadatt, who, through devoton to you, has done a deed whch
makes us exat our head for ever among the good, moreover Padmvat s
not separated from Vsavadatt n my regard, for they two have one heart;
therefore qucky exert yoursef.'"
When the kng of Vatsa heard ths speech of hs father-n-aw's messenger,
|oy suddeny arose n hs heart, and hs exceedng warmth of affecton
for the queen was ncreased, and aso the great respect whch he fet
for hs exceent mnster. Then the kng, together wth the queens, entertaned
the messenger accordng to the aws of due hosptaty, n |oyfu
exctement of mnd, and sent hm away peased; and as he was bent on
commencng hs enterprse, he determned, after deberatng wth hs
mnsters, on returnng to Kau|'s|amb.
CHAPTER XVIII.
So on the next day the kng of Vatsa set out from Lvnaka for Kau|'s|amb,
accompaned by hs wves and hs mnsters, and as he advanced, shouts
broke forth from hs forces, that fed the pans ke the waters of the
ocean overfowng out of due tme. An mage woud be furnshed of that
kng advancng on hs mghty eephant, f the sun were to |ourney n the
heaven accompaned by the eastern mountan. That kng, shaded wth hs
whte umbrea, shewed as f wated upon by the moon, deghted at havng
-----Fe: 137.png---------------------------------------------------------
outdone the spendour of the sun. Whe he towered respendent above
them a, the chefs crced around hm, ke the panets|*| n ther orbts
around the poar star. And those queens, mounted on a femae eephant
that foowed hs, shone ke the earth-goddess and the goddess of Fortune
accompanyng hm out of affecton n vsbe shape. The earth, that ay n
hs path, dnted wth the edges of the hoofs of the troops of hs prancng
steeds, seemed to bear the prnts of ovng nas, as f t had been en|oyed
by the kng. In ths stye progressng, the kng of Vatsa, beng contnuay
prased by hs mnstres, reached n a few days the cty of Kau|'s|amb,
n whch the peope kept hoday. The cty was respendent on that occason,
her ord|*| havng returned from so|ournng abroad. She was cothed
n the red sk of banners, round wndows were her expanded eyes, the fu
ptchers n the space n front of the gates were her two sweng breasts, the
|oyous shouts of the crowd were her cheerfu conversaton, and whte
paaces her sme.|*| So, accompaned by hs two wves, the kng entered
the cty, and the ades of the town were much deghted at behodng hm.
The heaven was fed wth hundreds of faces of far ones standng on charmng
paaces, as f wth the soders of the moon|*| that was surpassed n
beauty by the faces of the queens, havng come to pay ther respects. And
other women estabshed at the wndows, ookng wth unwnkng eyes,|*|
seemed ke heaveny nymphs n ara charots, that had come there out of
curosty. Other women, wth ther ong-ashed eyes cosey apped to the
attce of the wndows, made, so to speak, cages of arrows to confne ove.
The eager eye of one woman expanded wth desre to behod the kng, came,
so to speak, to the sde of her ear|*|, that dd not perceve hm, n order to
nform
t. The rapdy heavng breasts of another, who had run up hasty,
seemed to want to eap out of her bodce wth ardour to behod hm. The
neckace of another ady was broken wth her exctement, and the pear-beads
seemed ke tear-drops of |oy fang from her heart. Some women, behodng
Vsavadatt and rememberng the former report of her havng been
burned, sad as f wth anxety; "If the fre were to do her an n|ury at
Lvnaka, then the sun mght as we dffuse over the word darkness
whch s aen to hs nature." Another ady behodng Padmvat sad to
her companon; "I am gad to see that the queen s not put to shame by
* Cp. Scher's "Der Graf von Habsburg," nes 9--12.
* The word pat here means kng and husband.
* A sme s aways whte accordng to the Hndu poetc canons.
* The countenance of the far ones were ke moons.
* There shoud be a mark of eson before nmshekshanh.
* The eyes of Hndu ades are sad to reach to ther ears. I read tadkhytum
for tadkhytm wth a MS. n the Sanskrt coege, kndy ent me by the
Lbraran
wth the consent of the Prncpa.
-----Fe: 138.png---------------------------------------------------------
her feow-wfe, who seems ke her frend." And others behodng those
two queens, and throwng over them garands of eyes expanded wth |oy so
as to resembe bue otuses, sad to one another; "Surey Sva and Vsh|n.|u
have not behed the beauty of these two, otherwse how coud they regard
wth much respect ther consorts Um and |'S|r?" In ths way feastng the
eyes of the popuaton, the kng of Vatsa wth the queens entered hs own
paace, after performng auspcous ceremones. Such as s the spendour
of a otus-poo n wndy weather, or of the sea when the moon s rsng,
such was at that perod the wonderfu spendour of the kng's paace. And
n a moment t was fed wth the presents, whch the feudatores offered to
procure good uck, and whch foreshadowed the comng n of offerngs from
nnumerabe kngs. And so the kng of Vatsa, after honourng the chefs,
entered wth great festvty the nner apartments, at the same tme fndng
hs way to the heart of every one present. And there he remaned between
the two queens, ke the god of Love between Rat and Prt,|*| and spent
the rest of the day n drnkng and other en|oyments.
The next day, when he was sttng n the ha of assemby accompaned
by hs mnsters, a certan Brhman came and cred out at the door; "Protecton
for the Brhmans! O kng! certan wcked herdsmen have cut off
my son's foot n the forest wthout any reason." When he heard that, the
kng mmedatey had two or three herdsmen sezed and brought before
hm, and proceeded to queston them. Then they gave the foowng
answer; "O kng, beng herdsmen we roam n the wderness, and there we
have among us a herdsman named Devasena, and he sts n a certan pace
n the forest on a stone seat, and says to us 'I am your kng' and gves us
orders. And not a man among us dsobeys hs orders. Thus, O kng, that
herdsman rues supreme n the wood. Now to-day the son of ths Brhman
came that way, and dd not do obesance to the herdsman kng, and when we
by
the order of the kng sad to hm--'Depart not wthout dong thy reverence'--the
young feow pushed us asde, and went off aughng n spte of
the admonton. Then the herdsman kng commanded us to punsh the
contumacous boy by cuttng off hs foot. So we, O kng, ran after hm,
and cut off hs foot; what man of our humbe degree s abe
to dsobey the command of a ruer?" When the herdsmen had made ths
representaton to the kng, the wse Yaugandharya|n.|a, after thnkng t
over, sad to hm n prvate; "Certany that pace must contan treasure,
on the strength of whch a mere herdsman has such nfuence.|*| So et us
* Love and affecton, the wves of Kmadeva the Hndu Cupd.
* So the mouse n the Panchatantra possesses power by means of a treasure
(Benfey's
Panchatantra, Vo. I, p. 320. Vo. II, p. 178.) The story s found aso n the
61st Chapter of ths work. Cp. aso Sagas from the Far East, pp. 257 and 263.
-----Fe: 139.png---------------------------------------------------------
go there." When hs mnster had sad ths to hm, the kng made those
herdsmen shew hm the way, and went to that pace n the forest wth hs
soders and hs attendants.
And whe, after the ground had heen examned, peasants were dggng
there, a Yaksha n stature ke a mountan rose up from beneath t, and
sad, "O kng, ths treasure, whch I have so ong guarded, beongs to thee,
as havng been bured by thy forefathers, therefore take possesson of t."
After he had sad ths to the kng and accepted hs worshp, the Yaksha
dsappeared, and a great treasure was dspayed n the excavaton. And
from t was extracted a vauabe throne studded wth |ewes,|*| for n the
tme of prosperty a ong seres of happy and fortunate events takes
pace. The Lord of Vatsa took away the whoe treasure from the spot n
hgh gee, and after chastsng those herdsmen returned to hs own cty.
There the peope saw that goden throne brought by the kng, whch seemed
wth the streams of rays ssung from ts bood-red |ewes to forete|**|
the kng's forcefu conquest of a the regons, and whch wth ts pears
fxed on the end of pro|ectng sver spkes seemed to show ts teeth as f
aughng agan and agan when t consdered the astonshng nteect of
the kng's mnsters;|***| and they expressed ther |oy n a charmng manner,
by strkng drums of re|ocng so that they sent forth ther gad sounds.
The mnsters too re|oced exceedngy, makng certan of the kng's
trumph; for prosperous events happenng at the very commencement of
an enterprse portend ts fna success. Then the sky was fed wth fags
resembng fashes of ghtnng, and the kng ke a coud raned god on hs
dependants. And ths day havng been spent n feastng, on the morrow
Yaugandharyana, wshng to know the mnd of the kng of Vatsa, sad to
hm; "O kng, ascend and adorn that great throne, whch thou hast obtaned
by nhertance from thy ancestors." But the kng sad, "Surey t s ony
after conquerng a the regons that I can gan gory by ascendng that
throne, whch those famous ancestors of mne mounted after conquerng
the earth. Not t I have subdued ths wdey-gemmed earth bounded by
the man, w I ascend the great |eweed throne of my ancestors." Sayng
ths, the kng dd not mount the throne as yet. For men of hgh brth
possess genune oftness of sprt. Thereupon Yaugandharyana beng
deghted
sad to hm n prvate; "Bravo! my kng! So make frst an attempt
to conquer the eastern regon." When he heard that, the kng eagery asked
hs mnster; "When there are other cardna ponts, why do kngs frst
march towards the East?" When Yaugandharyana heard ths, he sad to hm
* Cp. Sagas from the Far East, p. 263.
** I read dars'ayat.
*** Sat s a msprnt for mat, Bhtngk and Roth sv.
-----Fe: 140.png---------------------------------------------------------
agan; "The North, O kng, though rch, s defed by ntercourse wth
barbarans,
and the West s not honoured as beng the cause of the settng of
the sun and other heaveny bodes; and the South s seen to be neghboured
by Rkshasas and nhabted by the god of death; but n the eastern quarter
the sun rses, over the East presdes Indra, and towards the East fows
the Ganges, therefore the East s preferred. Moreover among the countres
stuated between the Vndhya and Hmaya mountans, the country
aved by the waters of the Ganges s consdered most exceent. Therefore
monarchs who desre success march frst towards the East, and dwe moreover
n the and vsted by the rver of the gods.|*| For your ancestors aso
conquered the regons by begnnng wth the East, and made ther dweng
n Hastnpura on the banks of the Ganges; but Stnka repared to
Kau|'s|mb on account of ts deghtfu stuaton, seeng that empre depended
upon vaour, and stuaton had nothng to do wth t." When he had
sad ths Yaugandharya|n.|a stopped speakng; and the kng out of hs great
regard for heroc expots sad; "It s true that dweng n any prescrbed
country s not the cause of empre n ths word, for to men of brave dsposton
ther own vaour s the ony cause of success. For a brave man by
hmsef wthout any support obtans prosperty; have you never heard
propos of ths the tae of the brave man?" Havng sad ths, the ord of
Vatsa on the entreaty of hs mnsters agan began to speak, and reated n
the presence of the queens the foowng wonderfu story.
Story of Vdshaka.
In the cty of U||ayn, whch s
ceebrated throughout the earth,
there was n former days a kng named Adtyasena. He was a treasure-house
of vaour, and on account of hs soe supremacy, hs war charot, ke
that of the sun,|*| was not mpeded anywhere. When hs ofty umbrea,
geamng whte ke snow, umnated the frmament, other kngs free from
heat depressed thers. He was the receptace of the |ewes produced
over the surface of the whoe earth, as the sea s the receptace of waters.
Once on a tme, he was encamped wth hs army on the banks of the
Ganges, where he had come for some reason or other. There a certan
rch merchant of the country, named Gunavartman, came to the kng
brngng a gem of madens as a present, and sent ths message by the
mouth of the warder. Ths maden, though the gem of the three words,
has been born n my house, and I cannot gve her to any one ese, ony
your Hghness s ft to be the husband of such a gr. Then Gunavartman
* . e. the Ganges.
* In Sanskrt pratpa the word transated "vaour," aso means heat, and chakra
may refer to the whees of the charot and the orb of the sun, so that there s a
pun a
through.
-----Fe: 141.png---------------------------------------------------------
enered and shewed hs daughter to the kng. The kng, when he behed
that maden, Te|asvat by name, umnatng wth her brghtness the quarters
of the heavens,ke the fame of the rays from the |ewes n the tempe
of the god of Love, was a enveoped wth the radance of her beauty and
fe n ove wth her, and, as f heated wth the fre of passon, began to dssove
n drops of sweat. So he at once accepted her, who was ft for the
rank of head queen, and beng hghy deghted made Gunavartman equa
to hmsef n honour. Then, havng marred hs dear Te|asvat, the kng
thought a hs ob|ects n fe accompshed, and went wth her to U||ayn.
There the kng fxed hs gaze so excusvey on her face, that he coud not
see the affars of hs kngdom, though they were of great mportance. And
hs ear beng, so to speak, rveted on her musca dscourse coud not be
attracted by the cres of hs dstressed sub|ects. The kng entered nto hs
harem for a ong tme and never eft t, but the fever of fear eft the hearts
of hs enemes. And after some tme there was born to the kng, by the
queen Te|asvat, a gr wecomed by a, and there arose n hs heart the
desre of conquest, whch was equay wecome to hs sub|ects. That
gr of exceedng beauty, who made the three words seem worthess as
stubbe, excted n hm |oy, and desre of conquest excted hs vaour. Then
that kng Adtyasena set out one day from U||ayn to attack a certan
contumacous cheftan; and he made that queen Te|asvat go wth hm
mounted on an eephant, as f she were the protectng goddess of the host.
And he mounted an admrabe horse, that n sprt and fury resembed a
torrent,|*| ta ke a movng mountan, wth a cur on ts breast, and a
grth. It seemed to mtate wth ts feet rased as hgh as ts mouth, the
gong of Garuda whch t had seen n the heaven, rvang ts own swftness,
and t fted up ts head and seemed wth fearess eye to measure the
earth, as f thnkng, "what sha be the mt of my speed?" And after
the kng had gone a tte way, he came to a eve pece of ground, and put
hs horse to ts utmost speed to shew t off to Te|asvat. That horse, on
beng struck wth hs hee, went off rapdy, ke an arrow mpeed from a
cataput, n some unknown drecton, so that t became nvsbe to the eyes
of men. The soders, when they saw that take pace, were bewdered, and
horsemen gaoped n a thousand drectons after the kng, who was run
away wth by hs horse, but coud not overtake hm. Thereupon the
mnsters wth the soders, fearng some caamty, n ther anxety took
wth them the weepng queen and returned to U||ayn; there they remaned
wth gates cosed and ramparts guarded, seekng for news of the kng,
havng cheered up the ctzens.
In the meanwhe the kng was carred by the horse n an nstant to
the mpassabe forest of the Vndhya hs, haunted by terrbe ons. Then
* More teray, a torrent of prde and kckng.
-----Fe: 142.png---------------------------------------------------------
the horse happened to stand st, and the kng was mmedatey dstracted
wth bewderment, as the great forest made t mpossbe for hm to know
whereabouts he was. Seeng no other way out of hs dffcutes, the kng,
who knew what the horse had been n a former brth, got down from hs
sadde, and prostratng hmsef before the exeeent horse, sad to hm; "Thou
art a god; a creature ke thee shoud not commt treason aganst hs ord;
so I ook upon thee as my protector, take me by a peasant path." When
the horse heard that, he was fu of regret, rememberng hs former brth;
and mentay acceded to the kng's request, for exeeent horses are dvne
bengs. Then the kng mounted agan, and the horse set out by a road
bordered wth cear coo akes, that took away the fatgue of the |ourney;
and by evenng the spendd horse had taken the kng another hundred
yo|anas and brought hm near U||ayn. As the sun behodng hs horses,
though seven n number, exceed by ths courser's speed, had sunk, as t
were through shame, nto the ravnes of the western mountan, and as the
darkness was dffused abroad, the wse horse seeng that the gates of U||ayn
were cosed, and that the burnng-pace outsde the gates was terrbe
at that tme, carred the kng for sheter to a conceaed monastery of
Brhmans, that was stuated n a oney pace outsde the was. And the
kng A'dtyasena seeng that that monastery was a ft pace to spend the
nght n, as hs horse was tred, attempted to enter t. But the Brhmans,
who dwet there, opposed hs entrance, sayng that he must be some keeper
of a cemetery|*| or some thef. And out they poured n quarresome mood,
wth savage gestures, for Brhmans who ve by chantng the Sma Veda,
are the home of tmdty, boorshness, and -temper. Whe they were
camourng, a vrtuous Brhman named Vdshaka, the bravest of the brave,
came out from that monastery. He was a young man dstngushed for
strength of arm, who had proptated the fre by hs austertes, and obtaned
a spendd sword from that dvnty, whch he had ony to thnk of, and
t came to hm. That resoute youth Vdshaka seeng that kng of dstngushed
bearng, who had arrved by nght, thought to hmsef that he
was some god n dsguse. And the we-dsposed youth pushed away a
those other Brhmans, and bowng humby before the kng, caused hm to
enter the monastery. And when he had rested, and had the dust of the
|ourney washed off by femae saves, Vdshaka prepared for hm sutabe
food. And he took the sadde off that exceent horse of hs, and reeved
ts fatgue by gvng t grass and other fodder. And after he had made a
bed for the weared kng, he sad to hm,--- "My ord, I w guard your person,
so seep n peace"--and whe the kng sept, that Brhman kept watch
the whoe nght at the door wth the sword of the Fre-god n hs hand, that
came to hm on hs thnkng of t.
* The keeper of a burnng or bura-ground woud bo mpure.
-----Fe: 143.png---------------------------------------------------------
And on the morrow eary, Vdshaka, wthout recevng any orders, of
hs own accord sadded the horse for the kng, as soon as he awoke. The
kng for hs part took eave of hm, and mountng hs horse entered the
cty of U||ayn, behed afar off by the peope bewdered wth |oy. And
the moment he entered, hs sub|ects approached hm wth a confused hum
of deght at hs return. The kng accompaned by hs mnsters entered
the paace, and great anxety eft the breast of the queen Te|asvat.
Immedatey
gref seemed to be swept away from the cty by the rows of sken
fags dspayed out of |oy, whch waved n the wnd; and the queen made
hgh festva unt the end of the day, unt such tme as the peope of the
cty and the sun were red as vermon.* And the next day the kng
|'A|dtyasena had Vdshaka summoned from the monastery wth a the other
Brhmans. And as soon as he had made known what took pace n the
nght, he gave hs benefactor Vdshaka a thousand vages. And the
gratefu kng aso gave that Brhman an umbrea and an eephant and
apponted hm hs domestc chapan, so that he was behed wth great
nterest by the peope. So Vdshaka then became equa to a cheftan, for
how can a beneft conferred on great persons fa of bearng frut? And the
nobe-mnded Vdshaka shared a those vages, whch he had receved
from the kng, wth the Brhmans who ved n the monastery. And he
remaned n the court of the kng n attendance upon hm, en|oyng together
wth the other Brhmans the ncome of those vages. But as tme
went on, those other Brhmans began strvng each of them to be chef, and
made no account of Vdshaka, beng ntoxcated wth the prde of weath.
Dweng n separate partes, seven n one pace, wth ther mutua rvares
they oppressed the vages ke magnant panets. Vdshaka regarded
ther excesses wth scornfu ndfference, for men of frm mnd rghty treat
wth contempt men of tte sou. Once upon a tme a Brhman of the
name of Chakradhara, who was naturay stern, seeng them engaged n
wrangng, came up to them. Chakradhara, though he was one-eyed, was
keen-sghted enough n decdng what was rght n other men's affars, and
though a hunchback, was straghtforward enough n speech. He sad to
them--"Whe you were vng by beggng, you obtaned ths wndfa, you
rascas, then why do you run the vages wth your mutua ntoerance?
It s a the faut of Vdshaka who has permtted you to act thus; so you
may be certan that n a short tme you w agan have to roam about
beggng. For a stuaton, n whch there s no head, and every one has to
shft for hmsef by hs own wts as chance drects, s better than one of
dsunon under many heads, n whch a affars go to rack and run. So
take my advce and appont one frm man as your head, f you desre un-*
* Probaby the peope sprnked one another wth red powder as at the Io
festva.
-----Fe: 144.png---------------------------------------------------------
shaken prosperty, whch can ony be ensured by a capabe governor." On
hearng that, every one of them desred the headshp for hmsef; thereupon
Chakradhara after refecton agan sad to those foos; "As you are so
addcted to mutua rvary I propose to you a bass of agreement. In the
neghbourng cemetery three robbers have been executed by mpaement;
whoever s darng enough to cut off the noses of those three by nght and
to brng them here, he sha be your head, for courage merts command.|*|"
When Chakradhara made ths proposa to the Brhmans, Vdshaka, who
was standng near, sad to them; "Do ths, what s there to be afrad of?"
Then the Brhmans sad to hm; "We are not bod enough to do t, et
whoever s abe, do t, and we w abde by the agreement." Then Vdshaka
sad, "We, I w do t, I w cut off the noses of those robbers by
nght and brng them from the cemetery." Then those foos, thnkng the
task a dffcut one, sad to hm; "If you do ths you sha be our ord, we
make ths agreement." When they had pronounced ths agreement, and
nght had set n, Vdshaka took eave of those Brhmans and went to the
cemetery. So the hero entered the cemetery awfu as hs own undertakng,
wth the sword of the Fre-god, that came wth a thought, as hs ony
companon. And n the mdde of that cemetery where the cres of vutures
and |ackas were sweed by the screams of wtches, and the fames of
the funera pyres were renforced by the fres n the mouths of the fre-
breathng
demons, he behed those mpaed men wth ther faces turned up,
as f through fear of havng ther noses cut off. And when he approached
them, those three beng tenanted by demons struck hm wth ther fsts |*|;
and he for hs part sashed them n return wth hs sword, for fear has not
earned to bestr hersef n the breast of the resoute. Accordngy the
corpses ceased to be convused wth demons, and then the successfu hero
cut off ther noses and brought them away, bndng them up n hs garment.
And as he was returnng, he behed n that cemetery a regous mendcant
sttng on a corpse mutterng charms, and through curosty to have the
amusement of seeng what he was dong, he stood conceaed behnd that
mendcant. In a moment the corpse under the mendcant gave forth a
hssng sound, and fames ssued from ts mouth, and from ts nave mustard-
seeds.
And then the mendcant took the mustard-seeds, and rsng up
struck the corpse wth the fat of hs hand, and the corpse, whch was
* So n Grmm's Mrchen von enem der auszog das Frchten zu ernen the
youth s
recommended to st under the gaows where seven men have been executed.
Cp. aso
the story of "The Shroud" n Raston's Russan Fok-Taes, p. 307.
* Cp. Raston's account of the Vampre as represented n the Skazkas. "It s
as a vtazed corpse that the vstor from the other word comes to troube
manknd,
often sub|ect to human appettes, constanty endowed wth more than human
strength
and magnty."--Raston's Russan Fok-Taes, p. 306.
-----Fe: 145.png---------------------------------------------------------
tenanted by a mghty demon, stood up, and then that mendcant mounted
on ts shouder, and began to depart at a rapd rate, and Vdshaka
senty foowed hm unobserved, and after he had gone a short
dstance Vdshaka saw an empty tempe wth an mage of Durg n t.
Then the mendcant got down from the shouder of the demon, and entered
the nner shrne of the tempe, whe the demon fe fat on the earth. But
Vdshaka was present aso, contrvng to watch the mendcant, unperceved
by hm. The mendcant worshpped the goddess there and offered the foowng
prayer; "If thou art peased wth me, O goddess, grant me the
desred boon. If not I w proptate thee wth the sacrfce of mysef."
When the mendcant, ntoxcated wth the success of hs powerfu spes,
sad ths, a voce comng from the nner shrne thus addressed the mendcant;
"Brng here the maden daughter of kng Adtyasena, and offer her
as a sacrfce, then thou shat obtan thy desre." When the mendcant
heard ths, he went out, and strkng once more wth hs hand the demon,|*|
who hssed at the bow, made hm stand uprght. And mountng on the
shouder of the demon, from whose mouth ssued fames of fre, he few
away through the ar to brng the prncess. Vdshaka seeng a ths from
hs pace of conceament thought to hmsef; "What! sha he say the
kng's daughter whe I am ave? I w reman here unt the scoundre
returns." Havng formed ths resove, Vdshaka remaned there n
conceament.
But the mendcant entered the femae apartments of the paace
through the wndow, and found the kng's daughter aseep, as t was nght.
And he returned, a cothed n darkness, through the ar, brngng wth hm
the prncess who umnated wth her beauty the regon, as Rhu carres
off a dgt of the moon. And bearng aong wth hm that prncess who
excamed n her gref--"Aas! my father! Aas! my mother"--he descended
from the sky n that very tempe of the goddess. And then, dsmssng
the demon, he entered wth that pear of madens nto the nner shrne of
the goddess, and whe he was preparng to say the prncess there, Vdshaka
came n wth hs sword drawn. He sad to the mendcant, "Van!
do you wsh to smte a |asmne fower wth a thunder-bot, n that you
desre to empoy a weapon aganst ths tender form?" And then he sezed
the trembng mendcant by the har, and cut off hs head. And he consoed
the prncess dstracted wth fear, who cung to hm cosey as she
began to recognse hm. And then the hero thought; "How can I manage
durng the nght to convey ths prncess from ths pace to the harem?"
Then a voce from the ar addressed hm; "Hear ths O Vdshaka! the
mendcant, whom thou hast san, had n hs power a great demon and some
grans of mustard-seed. Thence arose hs desre to be ruer of the earth
and marry the daughters of kngs, and so the foo has ths day been baffed.
* I. e., the corpse tenanted by the Veta or demon.
-----Fe: 146.png---------------------------------------------------------
Therefore thou hero, take those mustard-seeds, n order that for ths nght
ony thou mayest be enabed to trave through the ar." Thus the ara
voce addressed the deghted Vdshaka; for even the gods often take such
a hero under ther protecton. Then he took n hs hand those grans of
mustard-seed from the corner of the mendcant's robe, and the prncess n
hs arms. And whe he was settng out from that tempe of the goddess,
another voce sounded n the ar; "Thou must return to ths very tempe
of the goddess at the end of a month, thou must not forget ths, O hero!"
When he heard ths, Vdshaka sad "I w do so,"--and by the favour of
the goddess he mmedatey few up nto the ar bearng wth hm the
prncess. And fyng through the ar he qucky paced that prncess n
her prvate apartments, and sad to her after she had recovered her sprts;
"To-morrow mornng I sha not be abe to fy through the ar, and so a
men w see me gong out, so I must depart now." When he sad ths to
her, the maden beng aarmed, answered hm; "When you are gone, ths
breath of mne w eave my body overcome wth fear. Therefore do not
depart, great-soued hero; once more save my fe, for the good make t
ther busness from ther brth to carry out every task they have undertaken."
When the brave Vdshaka heard that, he refected, "If I go, and
eave ths maden, she may possby de of fear; and then what knd of
oyaty to my soveregn sha I have exhbted? Thnkng thus he remaned
a nght n those femae apartments, and he graduay dropped off to
seep weared wth to and watchng. But the prncess n her terror passed
that nght wthout seepng: and even when the mornng came she dd not
wake up the seepng Vdshaka, as her mnd was made tender by ove,
and she sad to hersef; "Let hm rest a tte onger." Then the servants
of the harem came n and saw hm, and n a state of consternaton they
went and tod the kng. The kng for hs part sent the warder to dscover
the truth, and he enterng behed Vdshaka there. And he heard the
whoe story from the mouth of the prncess, and went and repeated t a
to the kng. And the kng knowng the exceent character of Vdshaka,
was mmedatey bewdered, wonderng what t coud mean. And he had
Vdshaka brought from hs daughter's apartment, escorted a the way by
her sou, whch foowed hm out of affecton. And when he arrved, the
kng asked hm what had taken pace, and Vdshaka tod hm the whoe
story from the begnnng, and shewed hm the noses of the robbers fastened
up n the end of hs garment, and the mustard-seeds whch had been n the
possesson of the mendcant, dfferent from those found on earth. The
hgh-mnded monarch suspected that Vdshaka's story was true from these
crcumstances, so he had a the Brhmans of the monastery brought before
hm, together wth Chakradhara, and asked about the orgna cause of the
whoe matter. And he went n person to the cemetery and saw those men
-----Fe: 147.png---------------------------------------------------------
wth ther noses cut off, and that base mendcant wth hs neck severed, and
then he reposed compete confdence n, and was much peased wth, the
skfu and successfu Vdshaka, who had saved hs daughter's fe. And
he gave hm hs own daughter on the spot; what do generous men wthhod
when peased wth ther benefactors? Surey the goddess of Prosperty,|*|
out of ove for the otus, dwet n the hand of the prncess, snce
Vdshaka obtaned great good fortune after he had receved t n the
marrage ceremony. Then Vdshaka en|oyng a dstngushed reputaton,
and engaged n attendng upon the soveregn, ved wth that beoved wfe
n the paace of kng Adtyasena. Then as days went on, once upon a tme
the prncess mpeed by some supernatura power sad at nght to Vdshaka;
"My ord, you remember that when you were n the tempe of the
goddess a dvne voce sad to you, 'Come here at the end of a month.'
To-day s the ast day of the month, and you have forgotten t." When hs
beoved sad ths to hm, Vdshaka was deghted, and recaed t to mnd,
and sad to hs wfe--"We remembered on thy part, far one! But I had
forgotten t. And then he embraced her by way of reward."|**mspaced quote
mark| And then,
whe she was aseep, he eft the women's apartments by nght, and n hgh
sprts he went armed wth hs sword to the tempe of the goddess; then
he excamed outsde, "I Vdshaka am arrved:" and he heard ths speech
uttered by some one nsde--"Come n, Vdshaka." Thereupon he entered
and behed a heaveny paace, and nsde t a ady of heaveny beauty wth
a heaveny retnue, dspeng wth her brghtness the darkness, ke a nght
set on fre, ookng as f she were the medcne to restore to fe the god of
ove consumed wth the fre of the wrath of |'S|va. He wonderng what t
coud a mean, was |oyfuy receved by her n person wth a wecome fu
of affecton and great respect. And when he had sat down and had ganed
confdence from seeng her affecton, he became eager to understand the
rea nature of the adventure, and she sad to hm; "I am a maden of the
Vdydhara race, of hgh descent, and my name s Bhadr, and as I was
roamng about at my w I saw you here on that occason. And as my
mnd was attracted by your vrtues, I uttered at that tme that voce whch
seemed to come from some one nvsbe, n order that you mght return.
And to-day I bewdered the prncess by empoyng my magc sk, so that
under my mpuse she revved your remembrance of ths matter, and for
your sake I am here, and so, handsome hero, I surrender mysef to you;
marry me." The nobe Vdshaka, when the Vdydhar Bhadr addressed
* Lakshm or |'S|r the goddess of Prosperty appeared after the churnng of the
ocean wth a otus n her hand. Accordng to another story she s sad to have
appeared
at the creaton foatng on the expanded eaves of a otus-fower. The hand of a
ady s
often compared to a otus.
-----Fe: 148.png---------------------------------------------------------
hm n ths stye, agreed that moment, and marred her by the Gndharva
ceremony. Then he remaned n that very pace, havng obtaned ceesta
|oys, the fruts of hs own vaour, vng wth that beoved wfe.
Meanwhe the prncess woke up when the nght came to an end, and
not seeng her husband, was mmedatey punged n despar. So she got
up and went wth totterng steps to her mother, a trembng, wth her
eyes fooded wth gushng tears. And she tod her mother that her husband
had gone away somewhere n the nght, and was fu of sef-reproach,
fearng that she had been guty of some faut. Then her mother was dstracted
owng to her ove for her daughter, and so n course of tme the
kng heard of t, and came there, and fe nto a state of the utmost anxety.
When hs daughter sad to hm--"I know my husband has gone to the
tempe of the goddess outsde the cemetery"--the kng went there n person.
But he was not abe to fnd Vdshaka there n spte of a hs searchng,
for he was conceaed by vrtue of the magc scence of the Vdydhar.
Then the kng returned, and hs daughter n despar determned to eave
the body, but whe she was thus mnded, some wse man came to her and
sad ths to her; "Do not fear any msfortune, for that husband of thne
s vng n the en|oyment of heaveny fecty, and w return to thee
shorty." When she heard that, the prncess retaned her fe, whch was
kept n her by the hope of her husband's return, that had taken deep root
n her heart.
Then, whe Vdshaka was vng there, a certan frend of hs beoved,
named Yoge|'s|var, came to Bhadr, and sad to her n secret--"My
frend, the Vdydharas are angry wth you because you ve wth a
man, and they seek to do you an n|ury, therefore eave ths pace. There
s a cty caed Krko|t.|aka on the shore of the eastern sea, and beyond that
there s a sanctfyng stream named |'S|tod, and after you cross that, there
s a great mountan named Udaya,|*| the and of the Sddhas,|*| whch the
Vdydharas may not nvade; go there mmedatey, and do not be anxous
about the beoved morta whom you eave here, for before you start you
can te a ths to hm, so that he sha be abe afterwards to |ourney there
wth speed." When her frend sad ths to her, Bhadr was overcome wth
fear, and though attached to Vdshaka, she consented to do as her frend
advsed. So she tod her scheme to Vdshaka, and provdenty gave hm
her rng, and then dsappeared at the cose of the nght. And Vdshaka
mmedatey found hmsef n the empty tempe of the goddess, n whch
he had been before, and no Bhadr and no paace. Rememberng the deuson
produced by Bhadr's magc sk, and behodng the rng, Vdshaka
was overpowered by a paroxysm of despar and wonder. And rememberng
* I. e., rsng; the eastern mountan behnd whch the sun s supposed to rse.
* I. e., sem-dvne bengs supposed to be of great purty and honess.
-----Fe: 149.png---------------------------------------------------------
her speech as f t were a dream, he refected,--"Before she eft, she assgned
as a pace of meetng the mountan of the sun-rsng; so I must qucky go
there to fnd her: but f I am seen by the peope n ths state, the kng
w not et me go: so I w empoy a stratagem n ths matter, n order
that I may accompsh my ob|ect." So refectng, the wse man assumed
another appearance, and went out from that tempe wth tattered cothes,
begrmed wth dust, excamng, "Ah Bhadr! Ah Bhadr!" And mmedatey
the peope, who ved n that pace, behodng hm, rased a shout;
"Here s Vdshaka found!" And the kng hearng of t came out from hs
paace n person, and seeng Vdshaka n such a state, conductng hmsef
ke a madman, he ad hod on hm and took hm back to hs paace. When
he was there, whatever hs servants and connexons, who were fu of affecton,
sad to hm, he answered ony by excamng. "Ah Bhadr! Ah Bhadr!"
And when he was anonted wth unguents prescrbed by the physcans, e
mmedatey defed hs body wth much cnder-dust; and the food whch
the prncess out of ove offered to hm wth her own hands, he nstanty
threw down and tramped under foot. And n ths condton Vdshaka
remaned there some days, wthout takng nterest n anythng, tearng hs
own cothes, and payng the madman. And Adtyasena thought to hmsef;
"Hs condton s past cure, so what s the use of torturng hm? He
may perhaps de, and then I shoud be guty of the death of a Brhman,
whereas f he roams about at hs w, he may possby recover n course of
tme." So he et hm go. Then the hero Vdshaka, beng aowed to roam
where he ked, set out the next day at hs esure to fnd Bhadr, takng
wth hm the rng. And as he |ourneyed on day by day towards the East,
he at ast reached a cty named Paun|d.|ravardhana, whch ay n hs way as
he traveed on; there he entered the house of a certan aged Brhman
woman, sayng to her--"Mother, I wsh to stop here one nght." And she
gave hm a odgng and entertaned hm, and shorty after, she approached
hm, fu of nward sorrow, and sad to hm--"My son, I hereby gve thee
a ths house, therefore receve t, snce I cannot now ve any onger." He,
astonshed, sad to her--"Why do you speak thus?" Then she sad--"Lsten,
I w te you the whoe story," and so contnued as foows--"My son,
n ths cty there s a kng named Devasena, and to hm there was born one
daughter, the ornament of the earth. The affectonate kng sad--'I have
wth dffcuty obtaned ths one daughter',--so he gave her the name of
Du|h.|kaabdhk.
"In course of tme when she had grown up, the kng gave her n marrage
to the kng of Kachchhapa, whom he had brought to hs own paace.
The kng of Kachchhapa entered at nght the prvate apartments of hs
brde, and ded the very frst tme he entered them. Then the kng much
dstressed, agan gave hs daughter n marrage to another kng; he aso
-----Fe: 150.png---------------------------------------------------------
pershed n the same way |*|: and when through fear of the same fate other
kngs dd not wsh to marry her, the kng gave ths order to hs
genera--'You must brng a man n turn from every snge house n ths
country, so that one sha be supped every day, and he must be a Brhman
or a Kshatrya. And after you have brought the man, you must cause hm
to enter by nght nto the apartment of my daughter; et us see how many
w persh n ths way, and how ong t w go on. Whoever escapes sha
afterwards become her husband; for t s mpossbe to bar the course of
fate, whose dspensatons are mysterous.' The genera, havng receved ths
order from the kng, brngs a man every day turn about from every house
n ths cty, and n ths way hundreds of men have met ther death n the
apartment of the prncess. Now I, whose merts n a former fe must have
been defcent, have one son here; hs turn has to-day arrved to go to the
paace to meet hs death; and I beng deprved of hm must to-morrow
enter the fre. Therefore, whe I am st ave, I gve to you, a worthy
ob|ect, a my house wth my own hand, n order that my ot may not agan be
unfortunate n my next brth." When she had sad ths, the resoute Vdshaka
answered; "If ths s the whoe matter, do not be despondent, mother,
I w go there to-day, et your ony son ve. And do not fee any commseraton
wth regard to me, so as to say to yoursef--'Why shoud I be
the cause of ths man's death?'--for owng to the magca power whch I
possess I run no rsk by gong there." When Vdshaka had sad ths, that
Brhman woman sad to hm, "Then you must be some god come here as
a reward for my vrtue, so cause me, my son, to recover fe, and yoursef
to gan fecty." When she had expressed her approva of hs pro|ect n
these words, he went n the evenng to the apartment of the prncess, together
wth a servant apponted by the genera to conduct hm. There he
behed the prncess fushed wth the prde of youth, ke a creeper weghed
down wth the burden of ts abundant fowers that had not yet been gathered.
Accordngy, when nght came, the prncess went to her bed, and
Vdshaka remaned awake n her apartment, hodng n hs hand the sword
of the Fre-god, whch came to hm wth a thought, sayng to hmsef, "I
w fnd out who t s that says men here." And when peope were a
aseep, he saw a terrbe Rkshasa comng from the sde of the apartment
where the entrance was, havng frst opened the door; and the Rkshasa
standng at the entrance stretched forward nto the room an arm, whch
had been the swft wand of Death to hundreds of men. But Vdshaka n
wrath sprngng forward, cut off suddeny the arm of the Rkshasa wth one
stroke of hs sword.|*| And the Rkshasa mmedatey fed away through
* Compare the Apocrypha book of Tobt.
* Raston n hs Russan Fok-Taes, p. 270, compares ths ncdent wth one n a
Posh story, and n the Russan story of the Wtch Gr. In both the arm of the
destroyer s cut off.
by
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fear of hs exceedng vaour, wth the oss of one arm, never agan to return.
When the prncess awoke, she saw the severed arm yng there, and she
was terrfed, deghted and astonshed at the same tme. And n the mornng
the kng Devasena saw the arm of the Rkshasa, whch had faen down
after t was cut off, yng at the door of hs daughter's apartments; n ths
way Vdshaka, as f to say "Henceforth no other men must enter here"--
fastened
the door as t were wth a ong bar.|*| Accordngy the deghted
kng gave to Vdshaka, who possessed ths dvne power, hs daughter and
much weath; and Vdshaka dwet there some days wth ths far one, as
f wth prosperty ncarnate n body form. But one day he eft the prncess
whe aseep, and set out at nght n haste to fnd hs Bhadr. And
the prncess n the mornng was affcted at not seeng hm, but she was
comforted by her father wth the hope of hs return. Vdshaka |ourneyng
on day by day, at ast reached the cty of Tmrapt not far from the
eastern sea. There he |oned hmsef to a certan merchant, named
Skandhadsa
who desred to cross the sea. In hs company, embarkng on a
shp aden wth much weath beongng to the merchant, he set out on the
ocean path. Then that shp was stopped suddeny when t had reached the
mdde of the ocean, as f t were hed by somethng. And when t dd not
move, though the sea was proptated wth |ewes, that merchant Skandhadsa
beng greved, sad ths: "Whosoever reeases ths shp of mne whch
s detaned, to hm I w gve haf of my own weath and my daughter."
The resoute-soued Vdshaka, when he heard that, sad, "I w descend
nto the water of the sea and search t, and I w set free n a moment
ths shp of yours whch s stopped: but you must support me by ropes
fastened round my body. And the moment the shp s set free, you must
draw me up out of the mdst of the sea by the supportng ropes." The
merchant wecomed hs speech wth a promse to do what he asked, and
the steersmen bound ropes under hs armpts. Supported n that way
Vdshaka descended n the sea; a brave man never desponds when the
moment for acton has arrved. So takng n hs hand the sword of the
Fre-god, that came to hm wth a thought, the hero descended nto the
mdst of the sea under the shp. And there he saw a gant aseep, and he
saw that the shp was stopped by hs eg. So he mmedatey cut off hs
eg wth hs sword, and at once the shp moved on freed from ts mpedment.
When the wcked merchant saw that, he cut the ropes, by whch
Vdshaka was supported, through desre to save the weath he had promsed
hm; and went swfty to the other shore of the ocean vast as hs own
avarce, n the shp whch had thus been set free. Vdshaka for hs part,
beng n the mdst of the sea wth the supportng ropes cut, rose to the
* I read va; the arm was the ong bar, and the whoe passage s an nstance of
the
rhetorca fgure caed utpreksh.
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surface, and seeng how matters stood he camy refected for a moment;
'Why dd the merchant do ths? Surey n ths ease the proverb s appcabe;
'Ungratefu men bnded by desre of gan cannot see a beneft.'
We, t s now hgh tme for me to dspay ntrepdty, for f courage fas,
even a sma caamty cannot be overcome." Then he refected on that
occason,
and then he got astrde on the eg whch he had cut off from the gant
seepng n the water, and by ts hep he crossed the sea, as f wth a boat,
paddng wth hs hands, for even destny takes the part of men of dstngushed
vaour. Then a voce from heaven addressed that mghty hero,
who had come across the ocean, as Hanumn dd for the sake of Rma|*|;
"Bravo, Vdshaka! Bravo! who except thee s a man of vaour? I am
peased wth ths courage of thne: therefore hear ths. Thou hast reached
a desoate coast here, but from ths thou shat arrve n seven days at the
cty of Krko|t.|aka; then thou shat puck up fresh sprts, and |ourneyng
qucky from that pace, thou shat obtan thy desre. But I am the Fre,
the consumer of the obatons to gods and the sprts of deceased ancestors,
whom thou ddst before proptate: and owng to my favour thou shat
fee nether hunger nor thrst,--therefore go prosperousy and confdenty;"
havng thus spoken, the voce ceased. And Vdshaka, when he heard that,
bowed, adorng the Fre-god, and set forth n hgh sprts, and on the seventh
day he reached the cty of Krko|t.|aka. And there he entered a monastery,
nhabted by many nobe Brhmans from varous ands, who were noted
for hosptaty. It was a weathy foundaton of the kng of that pace
Aryavarman, and had annexed to t beautfu tempes a made of god.
There a of the Brhmans wecomed hm, and one Brhman took the guest
to hs chamber, and provded hm wth a bath, wth food and wth cothng.
And whe he was vng n the monastery, he heard ths procamaton beng
made by beat of drum n the evenng; "Whatever Brhman or Kshatrya
wshes to-morrow mornng to marry the kng's daughter, et hm spend a
nght n her chamber." When he heard that, he suspected the rea reason,
and beng aways fond of darng adventures, he desred mmedatey to go to
the apartment of the prncess. Thereupon the Brhmans of the monastery
sad to hm,--"Brhman, do not be guty of rashness. The apartment of
the prncess s not rghty so caed, rather s t the open mouth of death,|*|
for whoever enters t at nght does not escape ave, and many darng men
have thus met ther death there." In spte of what these Brhmans tod
hm, Vdshaka woud not take ther advce, |*| but went to the paace of the
kng wth hs servants. There the kng Aryavarman, when he saw hm,
* There s probaby a pun here. Rm|a.|rtham may mean "for the sake of a far
one."
t T read na tad for tatra wth a MS. n the Sanskrt Coege
% Here there s a pun on Ananga, a name of the Hndu Cupd.
-----Fe: 153.png---------------------------------------------------------
wecomed hm n person, and at nght he entered the apartment of the
kng's daughter, ookng ke the sun enterng the fre. And he behed that
prncess who seemed by her appearance to be attached to hm, for she ooked
at hm wth tearfu eye, and a sad ook expressve of the gref produced
by utter despar. And he remaned awake there a nght gazng ntenty,
hodng n hs hand the sword of the Fre-god that came to hm wth a
thought. And suddeny he behed at the entrance a very terrbe Rkshasa,
extendng hs eft hand because hs rght had been cut off. And when he
saw hm, he sad to hmsef; "Here s that very Rkshasa, whose arm
I cut off n the cty of Paun|d.|ravardhana. So I w not strke at hs arm
agan, est he shoud escape me and depart as before, and for ths reason t
s better for me to k hm." Thus refectng, Vdshaka ran forward and
sezed hs har, and was preparng to cut off hs head, when suddeny the
Rkshasa n extreme terror sad to hm; "Do not say me, you are brave,
therefore shew mercy." Vdshaka et hm go and sad, "Who are you, and
what are you about here?" Then the Rkshasa, beng thus questoned by
the hero, contnued--"My name s Yamadansh|t.|ra, and I had two daughters,
ths s one, and she who ves n Paun|d.|ravardhana s another. And |'S|va
favoured me by ayng on me ths command; 'Thou must save the two
prncesses from marryng any one who s not a hero.' Whe thus engaged
I frst had an arm cut off at Paun|d.|ravardhana, and now I have been
conquered
by you here, so ths duty of mne s accompshed." When Vdshaka
heard ths, he aughed, and sad to hm n repy; "It was I that cut off
your arm there n Paun|d.|ravardhana." The Rkshasa answered "Then you
must be a porton of some dvnty, not a mere man, I thnk t was for
your sake that |'S|va dd me the honour of ayng that command upon me.
So henceforth I consder you my frend, and when you ca me to mnd I
w appear to you to ensure your success even n dffcutes." In these
words the Rkshasa Yamadansh|t.|ra out of frendshp chose hm as a sworn
brother, and when Vdshaka accepted hs proposa, dsappeared. Vdshaka,
for hs part, was commended for hs vaour by the prncess, and spent
the nght there n hgh sprts; and n the mornng the kng hearng of
the ncdent and hghy peased, gave hm hs daughter as the conspcuous
banner of hs vaour together wth much weath. Vdshaka ved there
some nghts wth her, as f wth the goddess of prosperty, bound so frmy
by hs vrtue|*| that she coud not move a step. But one nght he went off
of hs own accord from that pace, ongng for hs beoved Bhadr, for who
that has tasted heaveny |oys, can take peasure n any other? And after
he had eft the town, he caed to mnd that Rkshasa, and sad to hm,
who appeared the moment he caed hm to mnd, and made hm a bow,--"My
frend, I must go to the and of the Sddhas on the Eastern mountan
* Here there s a pun. The word gu|n.|a aso means rope.
-----Fe: 154.png---------------------------------------------------------
for the sake of the Vdydhar named Bhadr, so do you take me there."
The Rkshasa sad--"Very good"--so he ascended hs shouder, and traveed
n that nght over sxty yo|anas of dffcut country; and n the mornng
he crossed the |'S|tod a rver that cannot be crossed by mortas, and wthout
effort reached the border of the and of the Sddhas. The Rkshasa
sad to hm; "Here s the bessed mountan, caed the mountan of the
rsng sun, n front of you, but I cannot set foot upon t as t s the home
of the Sddhas." Then the Rkshasa beng dsmssed by hm departed, and
there Vdshaka behed a deghtfu ake, and he sat down on the bank of
that ake beautfu wth the faces of fu-bown otuses, whch, as t were,
uttered a wecome to hm wth the hum of roamng bees. And there he
saw unmstakeabe footsteps as of women, seemng to say to hm, ths s
the path to the house of your beoved. "Whe he was thnkng to
hmsef--"Mortas
cannot set foot on ths mountan, therefore I had better
stop here a moment, and see whose footsteps these are"--there came to the
ake to draw water many beautfu women wth goden ptchers n ther
hands. So he asked the women, after they had fed ther ptchers wth
water, n a courteous manner; "For whom are you takng ths water?" And
those women sad to hm--"Exceent Sr, a Vdydhar of the name of
Bhadr s dweng on ths mountan, ths water s for her to bathe n."
Wonderfu to say! Provdence seemng to be peased wth resoute men,
who attempt mghty enterprses, makes a thngs subserve ther ends. For
one of these women suddeny sad to Vdshaka; "Nobe sr, pease ft ths
ptcher on to my shouder." He consented and when he fted the ptcher
on to her shouder, the dscreet man put nto t the |eweed rng he had
before receved from Bhadr|*| and then he sat down agan on the bank of
that ake, whe those women went wth the water to the house of Bhadr.
And whe they were pourng over Bhadr the water of abuton, her rng
fe nto her ap. When Bhadr saw t, she recognzed t and asked those
frends of hers whether they had seen any stranger about. And they gave
her ths answer; "We saw a young morta on the banks of the ake, and he
fted ths ptcher for us." Then Bhadr sad "Go and make hm bathe and
adorn hmsef, and qucky brng hm here, for he s my husband who
has arrved n ths country." When Bhadr had sad ths, her companons
went and tod Vdshaka the state of the case, and after he had bathed
brought hm nto her presence. And when he arrved, he saw after ong
separaton Bhadr who was eagery expectng hm, ke the rpe boomng
* Cp. the way n whch Toreo nforms hs wfe of hs presence n Boccaco's
Decameron Xth day Nov. IX. The noves of the Xth day must be derved from
Indan,
and probaby Buddhstc sources. There s a Buddhstc ven n a of them. A
strkng parae to the 5th Nove of the Xth day w be found further on n ths
work.
Cp. aso, for the ncdent of the rng, Thorpe's Yuetde Stores, p. 167.
-----Fe: 155.png---------------------------------------------------------
frut of the tree of hs own vaour n vsbe form: she for her part rose up
when she saw hm, and offerng hm the argha,* so to speak, by sprnkng
hm wth her tears of |oy, she fastened her twnng arms round hs neck
ke a garand. When they embraced one another, the ong accumuated
affecton** seemed to ooze from ther mbs n the form of sweat, owng to
excessve pressure. Then they sat down, and never satsfed wth gazng
at one another, they both, as t were, endured the agony of ongng mutped
a hundred-fod. Bhadr then sad to Vdshaka; "How dd you
come to ths and?" And he thereupon gave her ths answer; "Supported
by affecton for thee, I came here endurng many rsks to
my fe, what ese can I say, far one? When she heard that, seeng
that hs ove was excessve, as t caused hm to dsregard hs
own fe, Bhadr sad to hm who through affecton had endured the utmost,
"My husband, I care not for my frends, nor my magc powers; you are my
fe, and I am your save, my ord, bought by you wth your vrtues."Then
Vdsshaka sad, "Then come wth me to ve n U||ayn, my beoved, eavng
a ths heaveny |oy."Bhadr mmedatey accepted hs proposa, and gave
up a her magc gfts, (whch departed from her the moment she formed
that resouton,) wth no more regret than f they had been, straw. Then
Vdshaka rested wth her there durng that nght, beng wated on by her
frend Yoge|'s|var, and n the mornng the successfu hero descended wth
her from the mountan of the sun-rse, and agan caed to mnd the Rkshasa
Yamadansh|t.|ra; the Rkshasa came the moment he was thought of,
and Vdshaka tod hm the drecton of the |ourney he had to take, and
then ascended hs shouder, havng prevousy paced Bhadr there. She
too endured patenty to be paced on the shouder of a very oathsome
Rkshasa; what w not women do when mastered by affecton? So Vdshaka,
mounted on the Rkshasa, set out wth hs beoved, and agan reached
the cty of Krko|t.|aka; and there men behed hm wth fear nspred by
the sght of the Rkshasa; and when he saw kng Aryavarman, he demanded
from hm hs daughter; and after recevng that prncess surrendered
by her father, whom he had won wth hs arm, he set forth from that cty
n the same stye, mounted on the Rkshasa. And after he had gone some
dstance, he found that wcked merchant on the shore of the sea, who ong ago
cut the ropes when he had been thrown nto the sea. And he took, together
wth hs weath, hs daughter, whom he had before won as a reward for
settng free the shp n the sea. And he consdered the deprvng that
van of hs weath as equvaent to puttng hm to death, for groveng
sous often vaue ther hoards more than ther fe. Then mounted on the
* An obaton to gods or venerabe men of rce, drva grass, fowers, &c, wth
water, or of water ony n a sma boat-shaped vesse.
** Sneha means o, and aso affecton.
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Rkshasa as on a charot, takng wth hm that daughter of the merchant, he
few up nto the heaven wth the prncess and Bhadr, and |ourneyng through
the ar, he crossed the ocean, whch ke hs vaour was fu of bosterous
mpetuosty, exhbtng t to hs far ones.|*| And he agan reached the cty
of Paun|d.|ravardhana, behed wth astonshment by a as he rode on a
Rkshasa.
There he greeted hs wfe, the daughter of Devasena, who had ong
desred hs arrva, whom he had won by the defeat of the Rkshasa; and
though her father tred to detan hm, yet ongng for hs natve and, he
took her aso wth hm, and set out for U||ayn. And owng to the speed
of the Rkshasa, he soon reached that cty, whch appeared ke hs satsfacton
at behodng hs home, exhbted n vsbe form. There Vdshaka
was seen by the peope, perched on the top of that huge Rkshasa, whose
vast frame was umnated by the beauty of hs wves seated on hs shouder,
as the moon|*| rsng over the eastern mountan wth geamng herbs on
ts summt. The peope beng astonshed and terrfed, hs father-n-aw
the kng Adtyasena came to hear of t, and went out from the cty.
But Vdshaka, when he saw hm, qucky descended from the Rkshasa,
and after prostratng hmsef approached the kng; the kng too wecomed
hm. Then Vdshaka caused a hs wves to come down from the shouder
of the Rkshasa, and reeased hm to wander where he woud. And after
that Rkshasa had departed, Vdshaka accompaned by hs wves entered
the kng's paace together wth the kng hs father-n-aw. There he deghted
by hs arrva that frst wfe of hs, the daughter of that kng, who
suffered a ong regret for hs absence. And when the kng sad to hm;
"How dd you obtan these wves, and who s that Rkshasa?" he tod hm
the whoe story. Then that kng peased wth hs son-n-aw's vaour, and
knowng what t was expedent to do, gave hm haf hs kngdom; and
mmedatey Vdshaka, though a Brhman, became a monarch, wth a ofty
whte umbrea and chowres wavng on both sdes of hm. And then the
cty of U||ayn was |oyfu, fu of the sound of festve drums and musc,
utterng shouts of deght. Thus he obtaned the mghty rank of a kng,
and graduay conquered the whoe earth, so that hs foot was worshpped
by a kngs, and wth Bhadr for hs consort he ong ved n happness
wth those wves of hs, who were content, havng abandoned |eaousy. Thus
resoute men when fortune favours them, fnd ther own vaour a great and
successfu stupefyng charm that forcby draws towards them prosperty.
* Sattva when apped to the ocean probaby means "monsters." So the whoe
compound woud mean "n whch was conspcuous the fury of gambng
monsters."
The pun defes transaton.
* I read aushade|h.|. The Rkshasa s compared to the mountan, Vdshaka to
the
moon, hs wves to the geamng herbs.
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When they heard from the mouth of the kng of Vatsa ths vared
tae|*| fu of marveous ncdent, a hs mnsters sttng by hs sde and
hs two wves experenced excessve deght.
CHAPTER XIX.
Then Yaugandharya|n.|a sad to the kng of Vatsa; "Kng, t s known
that you possess the favour of destny, as we as courage; and I aso have
taken some troube about the rght course of pocy to be pursued n ths
matter: therefore carry out as soon as possbe your pan of conquerng the
regons." When hs chef mnster had sad ths to hm, the kng of Vatsa
answered,--"Admttng that ths s true, nevertheess the accompshment
of auspcous undertakngs s aways attended wth dffcutes, accordngy
I w wth ths ob|ect proptate |'S|va by austertes, for wthout hs favour,
how can I obtan what I desre?" When they heard that, hs mnsters
approved of hs performng austertes, as the chefs of the monkeys dd n
the case of Rma, when he was ntent upon budng a brdge over the ocean.
And after the kng had fasted for three nghts, engaged n austertes wth
the queens and the mnsters, |'S|va sad to hm n a dream--"I am satsfed
wth thee, therefore rse up, thou shat obtan an unmpeded trumph, and
shat soon have a son who sha be kng of a the Vdydharas." Then
the kng woke up, wth a hs fatgue removed by the favour of |'S|va, ke
the new moon ncreased by the rays of the sun. And n the mornng he
deghted hs mnsters by teng them that dream, and the two queens,
tender as fowers, who were worn out by the fastng they had endured to
fuf the vow. And they were refreshed by the descrpton of hs dream,
we worthy of beng drunk n wth the ears, and ts effect was ke that of
medcne,|*| for t restored ther strength. The kng obtaned by hs
austertes a power equa to that of hs ancestors, and hs wves obtaned
the santy renown of matrons devoted to ther husband. But on the
morrow when the feast at the end of the fast was ceebrated, and the ctzens
were besde themseves wth |oy, Yaugandharya|n.|a thus addressed the kng
* Thorpe n hs Yue-tde Stores remarks that the story of Vdshaka somewhat
resembes n ts ground-pot the tae of the Beautfu Paace East of the Sun and
North
of the Earth. Wth the atter he aso compares the story of |'S|aktvega n the
5th book
of the Kath Sart Sgara. (See the tabe of contents of Thorpe's Yue-tde
Stores,
p. x.) Cp. aso Scansche Mrchen, Vo. II, p. I, and for the cuttng off of the
gant's arm, p. 50.
* Perhaps we shoud read sv|.a|dvaushadha = sweet medcne.
-----Fe: 158.png---------------------------------------------------------
*--"You are fortunate, O kng, n that the hoy god |'S|va s so we dsposed
towards you, so proceed now to conquer your enemes, and then en|oy the
prosperty won by your arm. For when prosperty s acqured by a kng's
own vrtues, t remans fxed n hs famy, for bessngs acqured by
the vrtues of the owners are never ost. And for ths reason t was that that
treasure ong bured n the ground, whch had been accumuated by your
ancestors and then ost, was recovered by you. Moreover wth reference
to ths matter hear the foowng tae:"
Story of Devadsa.
Long ago there was n the cty
of P|t.|aputra a certan merchant's
son, sprung from a rch famy, and hs name was Devadsa. And he marred
a wfe from the cty of Paun|d.|ravardhana, the daughter of some rch
merchant. When hs father ded, Devadsa became n course of tme addcted
to vce, and ost a hs weath at pay. And then hs wfe's father came
and took away to hs own house n Paun|d.|ravardhana hs daughter, who was
dstressed by poverty and the other hardshps of her ot. Graduay the
husband began to be affcted by hs msfortunes, and wshng to be set up
n hs busness, he came to Paun|d.|ravardhana to ask hs father-n-aw to
end hm the capta whch he requred. And havng arrved n the evenng
at the cty of Paun|d.|ravardhana, seeng that he was begrmed wth dust,
and n tattered garments, he thought to hmsef, "How can I enter my
father-n-aw's house n ths state? In truth for a proud man death s
preferabe to exhbtng poverty before one's reatons." Thus refectng,
he went nto the market-pace, and remaned outsde a certan shop durng
the nght, crouchng wth contracted body, ke the otus whch s foded at
nght. And mmedatey he saw a certan young merchant open the door
of that shop and enter t. And a moment after he saw a woman come wth
noseess step to that same pace, and rapdy enter. And whe he fxed
hs eyes on the nteror of the shop n whch a ght was burnng, he recognzed
n that woman hs own wfe. Then Devadsa seeng that wfe of
hs reparng to another man, and botng the door, beng smtten wth the
thunderbot of gref, thought to hmsef; "A man deprved of weath
oses even hs own body, how then can he hope to retan the affectons of
a woman? For women have fckeness mpanted n ther nature by an
nvarabe aw, ke the fashes of ghtnng. So here I have an nstance of
the msfortunes whch befa men who fa nto the sea of vce, and of the
behavour of an ndependent woman who ves n her father's house." Thus
he refected as he stood outsde, and he seemed to hmsef to hear hs wfe
confdentay conversng wth her over. So he apped hs ear to the door,
and that wcked woman was at the moment sayng n secret to the merchant,
her paramour; "Lsten; as I am so fond of you, I w to-day te
you a secret; my husband ong ago had a great-grandfather named Vravar-*
-----Fe: 159.png---------------------------------------------------------
man; n the courtyard of hs house he secrety bured n the ground four
|ars of god, one |ar n each of the four corners. And he then nformed
one of hs wves of that fact, and hs wfe at the tme of her death tod her
daughter-n-aw, she tod t to her daughter-n-aw who was my mother-n-aw,
and my mother-n-aw tod t to me. So ths s an ora tradton n
my husband's famy, descendng through the mothers-n-aw. But I dd not
te t to my husband though he s poor, for he s odous to me as beng
addcted to gambng, but you are above a dear to me. So go to my husband's
town and buy the house from hm wth money, and after you have
obtaned that god, come here and ve happy wth me." When the merchant,
her paramour, heard ths from that treacherous woman, he was much
peased wth her, thnkng that he had obtaned a treasure wthout any
troube. Devadsa for hs part, who was outsde, bore henceforth the hope
of weath, so to speak, rveted n hs heart wth those percng words of hs
wcked wfe. So he went thence qucky to the cty of P|t,|aputra, and
after reachng hs house, he took that treasure and approprated t. Then
that merchant, who was n secret the paramour of hs wfe, arrved n that
country, on pretence of tradng, but n reaty eager to obtan the treasure.
So he bought that house from Devadsa, who made t over to hm for a
arge sum of money. Then Devadsa set up another home, and cunnngy
brought back that wfe of hs from the house of hs father-n-aw. When
ths had been done, that wcked merchant, who was the over of hs wfe, not
havng obtaned the treasure, came and sad to hm; "Ths house of yours
s od, and I do not ke t. So gve me back my money, and take back
your own house." Thus he demanded, and Devadsa refused, and beng
engaged n a voent atercaton, they both went before the kng. In hs
presence Devadsa poured forth the whoe story of hs wfe, panfu to hm
as venom conceaed n hs breast. Then the kng had hs wfe summoned,
and after ascertanng the truth of the case, he punshed that aduterous
merchant wth the oss of a hs property; Devadsa for hs part cut off
the nose of that wcked wfe, and marred another, and then ved happy
n hs natve cty on the treasure he had obtaned.
"Thus treasure obtaned by vrtuous methods s contnued to a man's
posterty, but treasure of another knd s as easy meted away as a fake of
snow when the ran begns to fa. Therefore a man shoud endeavour to
obtan weath by awfu methods, but a kng especay, snce weath s the
root of the tree of empre. So honour a your mnsters accordng to
custom n order that you may obtan success, and then accompsh the
conquest
of the regons, so as to gan opuence n addton to vrtue. For out
of regard to the fact that you are aed by marrage wth your two powerfu
fathers-n-aw, few kngs w oppose you, most w |on you. However,
ths kng of Benares named Brahmadatta s aways your enemy, therefore
-----Fe: 160.png---------------------------------------------------------
conquer hm frst; when he s conquered, conquer the eastern quarter, and
graduay a the quarters, and exat the gory of the race of Pn|d.|u geamng
whte ke a otus." When hs chef mnster sad ths to hm, the kng
of Vatsa consented, eager for conquest, and ordered hs sub|ects to prepare
for the expedton; and he gave the soveregnty of the country of Vdeha
to hs brother-n-aw Gopaka, by way of reward for hs assstance, thereby
shewng hs knowedge of pocy; and he gave to Snhavarman the brother
of Padmvat, who came to hs assstance wth hs forces, the and of
Ched, treatng hm wth great respect; and the monarch summoned Pundaka
the frendy kng of the Bhas,|*| who fed the quarters wth hs
hordes, as the rany season fs them wth couds; and whe the preparaton
for the expedton was gong on n the great kng's terrtores, a
strange anxety was produced n the heart of hs enemes; but
Yaugandharya|n.|a
frst sent spes to Benares to fnd out the proceedngs of kng Brahmadatta;
then on an auspcous day, beng cheered wth omens portendng
vctory, the kng of Vatsa frst marched aganst Brahmadatta n the Eastern
quarter, havng mounted|*| a ta vctorous eephant, wth a ofty umbrea
on ts back, as a furous on ascends a mountan wth one tree n fu boom
on t. And hs expedton was factated|*| by the autumn whch arrved as
a harbnger of good fortune, and shewed hm an easy path, across rvers
fowng wth dmnshed voume, and he fed the face of the and wth hs
shoutng forces, so as to produce the appearance of a sudden rany season
wthout couds; and then the cardna ponts resoundng wth the echoes
of the roarng of hs host, seemed to be teng one another ther fears of
hs comng, and hs horses, coectng the brghtness of the sun on ther
goden trappngs, moved aong foowed, as t were, by the fre peased wth
the purfcaton of hs army.|*|
And hs eephants wth ther ears ke whte chowres, and wth streams
of chor fowng from ther tempes reddened by beng mxed wth vermon,
appeared, as he marched aong, ke the sons of the mountans, streaked
wth whte couds of autumn, and pourng down streams of water cooured
wth red mnera, sent by the parent hs, n ther fear, to |on hs expedton.
And the dust from the earth conceaed the brghtness of the sun,
as f thnkng that the kng coud not endure the effugent spendour of
rvas. And the two queens foowed the kng step by step on the way,
ke the goddess of Fame, and the Fortune of Vctory, attracted by hs
* I. q., Bhees.
* I read r|d.|ha|h.|.
* A MS. n the Sanskrt Coege reads sambhava|h.| for the sampada|h.| of Dr.
Brockhaus's
text.
* Lustrato exerctus; wavng ghts formed part of the ceremony.
-----Fe: 161.png---------------------------------------------------------
potc vrtues.|*| The sk of hs host's banners, tossed to and fro n the
wnd, seemed to say to hs enemes,--"Bend n submsson, or fee." Thus
he marched, behodng the dstrcts fu of bown whte otuses, ke the upfted
hoods of the serpent |'S|esha|*| terrfed wth fear of the destructon of
the word. In the meanwhe those spes, commssoned by Yaugandharya|n.|a,
assumng the vows of scu-bearng worshppers of |'S|va, reached the
cty of Benares. And one of them, who was acquanted wth the art of |uggng,
exhbtng hs sk, assumed the part of teacher, and the others passed
themseves off as hs pups. And they ceebrated that pretended teacher,
who subssted on ams, from pace to pace, sayng, "Ths master of ours
s acquanted wth past, present, and future." Whatever that sage predcted,
n the way of fres and so on, to those who came to consut hm about
the future, hs pups took care to brng about secrety; so he became
famous. He ganed compete ascendancy over the mnd of a certan Ra|put
courter there, a favourte of the kng's, who was won over by ths
mean sk of the teacher's. And when the war wth the kng of Vatsa
came on, the kng Brahmadatta began to consut hm by the agency of the
Ra|put, so that he earnt the secrets of the government. Then the mnster
of Brahmadatta, Yogakara|n.||d.|aka, ad snares n the path of the kng of
Vatsa as he advanced. He tanted, by means of poson and other deeterous
substances, the trees, fowerng creepers, water and grass a aong the
ne of march. And he sent poson-damses|*| as dancng grs among the
enemy's host, and he aso despatched nocturna assassns nto ther mdst.
But that spy, who had assumed the character of a prophet, found a ths
out, and then qucky nformed Yaugandharya|n.|a of t by means of hs
companons. Yaugandharya|n.|a for hs part, when he found t out, purfed
at every step aong the ne of march the posoned grass, water, and so on,
by means of correctve antdotes, and forbade n the camp the socety of
strange women, and wth the hep of Ruma|n.|vat he captured and put to
death those assassns. When he heard of that, Brahmadatta havng found
a hs stratagems fa, came to the concuson that the kng of Vatsa, who
fed wth hs forces the whoe country, was hard to overcome. After
deberatng
and sendng an ambassador, he came n person to the kng of
Vatsa who was encamped near, pacng hs casped hands upon hs head n
token of submsson.
* It aso means "drawng cords."
* He s sometmes represented as bearng the entre word on one of hs heads.
* One of these poson-damses s represented as havng been empoyed aganst
Chandragupta n the Mudr Rkshasa. Compare the XIth tae n the Gesta
Romanorum,
where an Indan queen sends one to Aexander the Great. Arstote frustrates
the stratagem.
-----Fe: 162.png---------------------------------------------------------
The kng of Vatsa for hs part, when the kng of Benares came to
hm, brngng a present, receved hm wth respect and kndness, for heroes
ove submsson. He beng thus subdued, that mghty kng went on
pacfyng the East, makng the yedng bend, but extrpatng the obstnate,
as the wnd treats the trees, unt he reached the Eastern ocean, rong
wth quverng waves, as t were, trembng wth terror on account of the
Ganges havng been conquered. On ts extreme shore he set up a par of
vctory,|*| ookng ke the kng of the serpents emergng from the word
beow to crave mmunty for Pta. Then the peope of Kanga|*| submtted
and pad trbute, and acted as the kng's gudes, so that the renown
of that renowned one ascended the mountan of Mahendra. Havng conquered
a forest of kngs by means of hs eephants, whch seemed ke the
peaks of the Vndhya come to hm terrfed at the conquest of Mahendra,
he went to the southern quarter. There he made hs enemes cease ther
threatenng murmurs and take to the mountans, strengthess|*| and pae,
treatng them as the season of autumn treats the couds. The Kver
beng crossed by hm n hs vctorous onset, and the gory of the kng of
the Choa|*| race beng surpassed, were befoued at the same tme. He no
onger aowed the Muraas|*| to exat ther heads, for they were competey
beaten down by trbutes mposed on them. Though hs eephants drank
the waters of the Godvar dvded nto seven streams, they seemed to
dscharge them agan seven-fod n the form of chor. Then the kng crossed
the Rev and reached U||ayn, and entered the cty, beng made by kng
Chan|d.|amahsena to precede hm. And there he became the target of the
amorous sdeong gances of the ades of Mava, who shne wth twofod
beauty by oosenng ther braded har and wearng garands, and he remaned
there n great comfort, hosptaby entertaned by hs father-n-aw, so
* |ayastambha. Wson remarks that the erecton of these coumns s often
auded
to by Hndu wrters, and expans the character of the sotary coumns whch
are sometmes
met wth, as the L|t.| at Deh, the pars at Aahbad, Budda, &c.
* Kanga s usuay descrbed as extendng from Orssa to Drvda or beow
Madras, the coast of the Northern Crears. It appears, however, to be
sometmes the
Deta of the Ganges. It was known to the ancents as Rego Cangarum, and s
famar
to the natves of the Eastern Archpeago by the name of Kng. Wson.
* The couds are n|h.|sra vod of substance, as beng no onger heavy wth
ran.
The thunder ceases n the autumn.
* Choa was the soveregnty of the western part of the Pennsua on the
Carnatc,
extendng southwards to Tan|oro where t was bounded by the Pndyan
kngdom. It
appears to have been the rego Soretanum of Ptoemy and the Choa
ma|n.||d.|aa or
dstrct furnshes the modern appeaton of tho Coromande Coast.--Wson,
Essays,
p. 241 note.
* Muraa s another name for Keraa now Maabar (Ha.) Wson dentfes t
wth the Curua of Ptoemy.
-----Fe: 163.png---------------------------------------------------------
that he even forgot the ong-regretted en|oyments of hs natve and. And
Vsavadatt was contnuay at her parents' sde, rememberng her chdhood,
seemng despondent even n her happness. The kng Chan|d.|amahsena
was as much deghted at meetng Padmvat, as he was at meetng
agan hs own daughter. But after he had rested some days, the deghted
kng of Vatsa, renforced by the troops of hs father-n-aw, marched towards
the western regon; hs curved sword|*| was surey the smoke of the
fre of hs vaour, snce t dmmed wth gushng tears the eyes of the
women of L|t.|a; the mountan of Mandara, when ts woods were broken
through by hs eephants, seemed to trembe est he shoud root t up to
churn the sea.|*| Surey he was a spendd umnary exceng the sun and
other orbs, snce n hs vctorous career he en|oyed a gorous rsng even
n the western quarter. Then he went to Aak, dstngushed by the
presence of Kuvera, dspayng ts beautes before hm, that s to say, to
the quarter made ovey by the sme of Kasa, and havng subdued the
kng of Sndh, at the head of hs cavary he destroyed the Mechchhas as
Rma destroyed the Rkshasas at the head of the army of monkeys; the
cavary squadrons of the Turushkas|*| were broken on the masses of hs
eephants, as the waves of the agtated sea on the woods that ne the sea-
*shore.
The august hero receved the trbute of hs foes, and cut off the
head of the wcked kng of the Praskas|*| as Vsh|n.|u dd that of Rhu.|*|
Hs gory, after he had nfcted a defeat on the H|n.|as|*|, made the four
quarters resound, and poured down the Hmaya ke a second Ganges.
When the hosts of the monarch, whose enemes were st from fear, were
shoutng, a hoste answer was heard ony n the hoows of the rocks. It
s not strange that then the kng of Kmarpa,|*| bendng before hm wth
head deprved of the umbrea, was wthout shade and aso wthout brghtness.
Then that soveregn returned, foowed by eephants presented by
the kng of Kmarpa, resembng movng rocks made over to hm by the
mountans by way of trbute. Havng thus conquered the earth, the kng
of Vatsa wth hs attendants reached the cty of the kng of Magadha the
father of Padmvat. But the kng of Magadha, when he arrved wth the
queens, was as |oyous as the god of ove when the moon umnates the
nght. Vsavadatt, who had ved wth hm before wthout beng recog-*
* Or perhaps more teray "creeper-ke sword."
* It had been empoyed for ths purpose by the gods and Asuras. L|t.|a = the
Larce of Ptoemy. (Wson.)
* Turks, the Indo-scyth of the ancents. (Wson.)
* Persans.
* A Datya or demon. Hs head swaows the sun and moon.
* Perhaps the Huns.
* The western porton of Assam. (Wson.)
-----Fe: 164.png---------------------------------------------------------
*nsed, was now made known to hm, and he consdered her deservng of the
hghest regard.
Then that vctorous kng of Vatsa, havng been honoured by the kng
of Magadha wth hs whoe cty, foowed by the mnds of a the peope
whch pursued hm out of affecton, havng swaowed the surface of the
earth wth hs mghty army, returned to Lvnaka n hs own domnons.
CHAPTER XX.
Then the kng of Vatsa, whe encamped n Lvnaka to rest hs army,
sad n secret to Yaugandharya|n.|a, "Through your sagacty I have conquered
a the kngs upon the earth, and they beng won over by potc
devces w not conspre aganst me. But ths kng of Benares, Brahmadatta,
s an -condtoned feow, and he aone, I thnk, w pot aganst
me; what confdence can be reposed n the wcked-mnded?" Then
Yaugandharya|n.|a,
beng spoken to n ths stran by the kng, answered, "O kng,
Brahmadatta w not pot aganst you agan, for when he was conquered
and submtted, you shewed hm great consderaton; and what sensbe man
w n|ure one who treats hm we? Whoever does, w fnd that t turns
out unfortunatey for hmsef, and on ths pont, sten to what I am gong
to say; I w te you a tae."
Story of Phaabht.
There was once on a tme n the
and of Padma an exceent Brhman
of hgh renown, named Agndatta, who ved on a grant of and gven
by the kng. He had born to hm two sons, the eder named Somadatta,
and the second Va|'s|vnaradatta. The eder of them was of fne person, but
gnorant, and -conducted, but the second was sagacous, we-conducted,
and fond of study. And those two after they were marred,
and ther father had ded, dvded that roya grant and the rest of
hs possessons between them, each takng haf; and the younger of
the two was honoured by the kng, but the eder Somadatta, who was
of unsteady character, remaned a husbandman. One day a Brhman,
who had been a frend of hs father's, seeng hm engaged n conversaton
wth some |'S|dras, thus addressed hm, "Though you are the son of
Agndatta, you behave ke a |'S|dra, you bockhead, and you are not
ashamed,
though you see your own brother n favour wth the kng." Somadatta,
when he heard that, few nto a passon, and forgettng the respect due to
the od man, run upon hm, and gave hm a kck. Then the Brhman,
enraged on account of the kck, mmedatey caed on some other Brhmans
-----Fe: 165.png---------------------------------------------------------
to bear wtness to t, and went and companed to the kng. The kng sent
out soders to take Somadatta prsoner, but they, when they went out, were
san by hs frends, who had taken up arms. Then the kng sent out a
second force, and captured Somadatta, and bnded by wrath ordered hm to
be mpaed. Then that Brhman, as he was beng fted on to the stake,
suddeny fe to the ground, as f he were fung down by somebody. And
those executoners, when preparng to ft hm on agan, became bnd, for
the fates protect one who s destned to be prosperous. The kng, as soon
as he heard of the occurrence, was peased, and beng entreated by the
younger brother, spared the fe of Somadatta; then Somadatta, havng
escaped death, desred to go to another and wth hs wfe on account of the
nsutng treatment of the kng, and when hs reatons n a body dsapproved
of hs departure, he determned to ve wthout the haf of the kng's grant,
whch he resgned; then, fndng no other means of support, he desred to
practse husbandry, and went to the forest on a ucky day to fnd a pece of
ground sutabe for t. There he found a promsng pece of ground, from
whch t seemed key that an abundant crop coud be produced, and n
the mdde of t he saw an A|'s|vattha tree of great sze. Desrng ground
ft for cutvaton, and seeng that tree to be coo ke the rany season, as
t kept off the rays of the sun wth ts auspcous thck shade, he was much
deghted. He sad, "I am a fathfu votary of that beng, whoever he may
be, that presdes over ths tree," and wakng round the tree so as to keep t
on hs rght, he bowed before t. Then he yoked a par of buocks, and
rected a prayer for success, and after makng an obaton to that tree, he
began to pough there. And he remaned under that tree nght and day,
and hs wfe aways brought hm hs meas there. And n course of tme,
when the corn was rpe that pece of ground was, as fate woud have t,
unexpectedy pundered by the troops of a hoste kngdom. Then the hoste
force havng departed, the courageous man, though hs corn was
destroyed, comforted hs weepng wfe, gave her the tte that remaned,
and after makng an offerng as before, remaned n the same pace,
under the same tree. For that s the character of resoute men, that
ther perseverance s ncreased by msfortune. Then one nght, when he
was seepess from anxety and aone, a voce came out from that
A|'s|vattha tree, "O Somadatta, I am peased wth thee, therefore go to the
kngdom of a kng named Adtyaprabha n the and of |'S|rkan|t.|ha;
contnuay
repeat at the door of that kng, (after rectng the form of words
used at the evenng obaton to Agn,) the foowng sentence--'I am Phaabht
by name, a Brhman, hear what I say: he who does good w obtan
good, and he who does ev, w obtan ev;'--by repeatng ths there thou
shat attan great prosperty; and now earn from me the form of words
-----Fe: 166.png---------------------------------------------------------
used at the evenng abaton to Agn; I am a Yaksha." Havng sad ths,
and havng mmedatey taught hm by hs power the form of words used
n the evenng obaton, the voce n the tree ceased. And the next mornng
the wse Somadatta set out wth hs wfe, havng receved the name of
Phaabht by mposton of the Yaksha, and after crossng varous forests
uneven and abyrnthne as hs own caamtes,|*| he reached the and of
|'S|rkan|t.|ha. There he rected at the kng's door the form of words used at
the evenng obaton, and then he announced, as he had been drected, hs
name as Phaabht, and uttered the foowng speech whch excted the
curosty of the peope, "The doer of good w obtan good, but the doer
of ev, ev." And after he had sad ths frequenty, the kng Adtyaprabha,
beng fu of curosty, caused Phaabht to be brought nto the
paace, and he entered, and over and over agan repeated that same speech n
the presence of the kng. That made the kng and a hs courters augh.
And the kng and hs chefs gave hm garments and ornaments, and aso
vages, for the amusement of great men s not wthout frut; and so
Phaabht, havng been orgnay poor, mmedatey obtaned by the favour
of the Guhyaka |*| weath bestowed by the kng; and by contnuay rectng
the words mentoned above, he became a speca favourte of the monarch
for the rega mnd oves dverson. And graduay he attaned to a
poston of ove and respect n the paace, n the kngdom, and n the
femae apartments, as beng beoved by the kng. One day that kng
Adtyaprabha returned from huntng n the forest, and qucky entered hs
harem; hs suspcons were aroused by the confuson of the warders, and
when he entered, he saw the queen named Kuvaayva engaged n
worshppng
the gods, stark naked,|*| wth her har standng on end, and her
eyes haf-cosed, wth a arge patch of red ead upon her forehead, wth her
ps trembng n mutterng charms, n the mdst of a great crce|*| strewed
wth varous cooured powders, after offerng a horrbe obaton of bood,
sprts, and human fesh. She for her part, when the kng entered, n her
confuson sezed her garments, and when questoned by hm mmedatey
answered, after cravng pardon for what she had done, "I have gone through
ths ceremony n order that you mght obtan prosperty, and now, my ord,
* I here read durda|'s||h.| for the durdar|'s||h.| of Dr. Brockhaus' text. It must
be a
msprnt. A MS. n the Sanskrt Coege reads durdas'|h.|.
* The Guhyakas are dem-gods, attendants upon Kuvera and guardans of hs
weath.
* Lteray--havng the cardna ponts as her ony garment.
* For the crce cp. Henry VI. Part II, Act I, Sc. IV, ne 25 and Henry V.
Act V, Sc. 2, ne 420. "If you woud con|ure, you must make a crce." See aso
Raston's Russan Fok-Taes, p. 272. Veckenstedt's Wendsche Sagen, pp. 292,
302,
303.
-----Fe: 167.png---------------------------------------------------------
sten to the way n whch I earnt these rtes, and the secret of my magc
sk."
Story of Kuvaayva and the wtch
Kartr.
Long ago, when I was vng n
my father's house, I was thus addressed,
whe en|oyng mysef n the garden durng the sprng festva, by
my frends who met me there; "There s n ths peasure-garden an mage
of Gane|'s|a, the god of gods, n the mdde of an arbour made of trees, and
that mage grants boons, and ts power has been tested. Approach wth
devout fath that granter of pettons, and worshp hm, n order that you
may soon obtan wthout dffcuty a sutabe husband." When I heard that
I asked my frends n my gnorance; "What! do madens obtan husbands
by worshppng Ga|n.|e|'s|a?" Then they answered me; "Why do you ask
such a queston? Wthout worshppng hm no one obtans any success
n ths word; and n proof of t we w gve you an nstance of hs power,
sten." Sayng ths, my frends tod me the foowng tae:
Story of the brth of Krtkeya.
Long ago, when Indra oppressed
by Traka was desrous or obtanng
a son from |'S|va to act as genera of the gods, and the god of ove had been
consumed,|*| Gaur by performng austertes sought and ganed as a husband
the three-eyed god, who was engaged n a very ong and terrbe course of
mortfcaton. Then she desred the obtanng of a son, and the return to
fe of the god of ove, but she dd not remember to worshp Ga|n.|e|'s|a n
order to gan her end. So, when hs beoved asked that her desre shoud be
granted, |'S|va sad to her, "My dear goddess, the god of ove was born ong
ago from the mnd of Brahm, and no sooner was he born than he sad n
hs nsoence, 'Whom sha I make mad? (kan darpaym).' So Brahm
caed hm Kandarpa, and sad to hm, 'Snce thou art very confdent, my son,
avod attackng |'S|va ony, est thou receve death from hm.' Though
the Creator gave hm ths warnng, the -dsposed god came to troube my
austertes, therefore he was burnt up by me, and he cannot be created agan
wth hs body.|*| But I w create by my power a son from you, for I do
not requre the mght of ove n order to have offsprng as mortas do."
Whe the god, whose ensgn s a bu,|*| was sayng ths to Prvat, Brahm
accompaned by Indra appeared before hm; and when he had been prased
by them, and entreated to brng about the destructon of the Asura Traka,
|'S|va consented to beget on the goddess a son of hs body. And, at ther
entreaty, he consented that the god of ove shoud be born wthout body n
* . e. by the fre of |'S|va's eye.
* Perhaps we ought to read sadehasya. I fnd ths rendng n a MS. ent to me by
the braran of the Sanskrt Coege wth the knd permsson of the Prncpa.
* . e. |'S|va.
-----Fe: 168.png---------------------------------------------------------
the mnds of anmate creatures, to prevent the destructon of created bengs.
And he gave permsson to ove to nfuence hs own mnd; peased wth
that, the Creator went away and Prvat was deghted. But when, after
the apse of hundreds of years, there appeared no hope of Prvat havng
any offsprng, the god by the order of Brahm caed to mnd Agn;
Agn for hs part, the moment they caed hm to mnd, thnkng that the
foe of the god of ove was rresstbe, and afrad to nterfere, fed from the
gods and entered the water; but the frogs beng burned by hs heat tod
the gods, who were searchng for hm, that he was n the water; then Agn
by hs curse mmedatey made the speech of the frogs thenceforth nartcuate,
and agan dsappearng fed to a pace of refuge. There the gods found
hm, conceaed n the trunk of a tree, n the form of a sna, for he was betrayed
by the eephants and parrots, and he appeared to them. And after makng
by a curse the tongues of the parrots and the eephants ncapabe of cear
utterance, he promsed to do what the gods requested, havng been prased
by them. So he went to |'S|va, and after ncnng humby before hm,
through fear of beng cursed, he nformed hm of the commsson the gods
had gven hm. |'S|va thereupon deposted the embryo n the fre. Then
the goddess dstracted wth anger and gref, sad, "I have not obtaned a son
from you after a," and |'S|va sad to her; "An obstace has arsen n ths
matter, because you negected to worshp Ga|n.|e|'s|a, the ord of obstaces;
therefore adore hm now n order that a chd may be born to us of the fre."
When thus addressed by |'S|va, the goddess worshpped Ga|n.|e|'s|a, and the
fre
became pregnant wth that germ of |'S|va. Then, bearng that embryo of
|'S|va, the fre shone even n the day as f the sun had entered nto t. And
then t dscharged nto the Ganges the germ dffcut to bear, and the
Ganges, by the order of |'S|va, paced t n a sacrfca cavty on mount
Meru.|*| There that germ was watched by the Ga|n.|as, |'S|va's attendants,
and after a thousand years had deveoped t, t became a boy wth sx faces.
Then, drnkng mk wth hs sx mouths from the breasts of the sx K|r.|ttks|*|
apponted by Gau|r.| to nurse hm, the boy grew bg n a few days. In
the meanwhe, the kng of the gods, overcome by the Asura Traka, fed to
the dffcut peaks of mount Meru, abandonng the fed of batte. And the
gods together wth the |R.|shs went to the sx-mouthed Krtkeya for
protecton,
and he, defendng the gods, remaned surrounded by them. When
Indra heard that, he was troubed, consderng that hs kngdom was taken
from hm, and beng |eaous he went and made war upon Krtkeya. But
* In ths wd egend, resembng one n the frst book of the Rmya|n.|a, I
have
omtted some detas for reasons whch w be obvous to those who read t n
the orgna.
* . e. the sx Peades.
-----Fe: 169.png---------------------------------------------------------
from the body of Krtkeya, when struck by the thunderbot of Indra, there
sprang two sons caed |'S|kha and V|'s|kha, both of ncomparabe
mght. Then |'S|va came to hs offsprng Krtkeya, who exceeded
Indra n mght, and forbade hm and hs two sons to fght, and rebuked
hm n the foowng words: "Thou wast born n order that thou
mghtest say Traka and protect the ream of Indra, therefore do thy
own duty." Then Indra was deghted and mmedatey bowed
before hm, and commenced the ceremony of consecratng by abutons
Krtkeya as genera of hs forces. But when he hmsef fted
the ptcher for that purpose, hs arm became stff, wherefore he
was despondent, but |'S|va sad to hm; "Thou ddst not worshp the
eephant-faced god, when thou desredst a genera; t was for ths reason
that thou hast met wth ths obstace, therefore adore hm now." Indra,
when he heard that, dd so, and hs arm was set free, and he duy performed
the |oyfu ceremony of consecratng the genera. And not ong after, the
genera sew the Asura Traka, and the gods re|oced at havng accompshed
ther ob|ect, and Gau|r.| at havng obtaned a son. So, prncess, you
see even the gods are not successfu wthout honourng Ga|n.|e|'s|a, therefore
adore hm when you desre a bessng.
After hearng ths from my companons I went, my husband, and
worshpped an mage of Ga|n.|e|'s|a, that stood n a oney part of the garden,
and after I had fnshed the worshp, I suddeny saw that those companons
of mne had fown up by ther own power and were dsportng themseves
n the feds of the ar; when I saw that, out of curosty I caed them
and made them come down from the heaven, and when I asked them about
the nature of ther magc power, they mmedatey gave me ths answer;
"These are the magc powers of wtches' spes, and they are due to the eatng
of human fesh, and our teacher n ths s a Brhman woman known by the
name of Kartr." When my companons sad ths to me, I beng desrous
of acqurng the power of a woman that can fy n the ar, but afrad of
eatng human fesh, was for a tme n a state of hestaton; then eager to
possess that power, I sad to those frends of mne, "Cause me aso to be
nstructed n ths scence." And mmedatey they went and brought, n
accordance wth my request, Kartr, who was of repusve appearance.
Her eyebrows met,|*| she had du eyes, a depressed fat nose, arge cheeks,
wdey parted ps, pro|ectng teeth, a ong neck, penduous breasts, a arge
bey, and broad expanded feet. She appeared as f the creator had made
her as a specmen of hs sk n producng ugness. When I fe at her
* Mr. Tyor (n hs Prmtve Cuture, Vo. II, p. 176) speakng of Savonan
supersttons, says, "A man whose eyebrows meet as f hs sou were takng
fght to
enter some other body, may be marked by ths sgn ether as a were-wof or a
vampre."
-----Fe: 170.png---------------------------------------------------------
feet, after bathng and worshppng Ga|n.|e|'s|a, she made me take off my
cothes
and perform, standng n a crce, a horrbe ceremony n honour of |'S|va n
hs terrfc form, and after she had sprnked me wth water, she gave me
varous spes known to her, and human fesh to eat that had been offered
n sacrfce to the gods; so, after I had eaten man's fesh and had receved
the varous spes, I mmedatey few up, naked as I was, nto the heaven
wth my frends, and after I had amused mysef, I descended from the
heaven by command of my teacher, and I, the prncess, went to my own
apartments. Thus even n my grhood I became one of the socety of
wtches, and n our meetngs we devoured the bodes of many men.
Story of Sundaraka.
But sten, kng, to a story whch
s a dgresson from my man tae.
That Kartr had for husband a Brhman of the name of Vshnusvmn,
and he, beng an nstructor n that country, taught many pups who came
from dfferent ands, as he was skfu n the exposton of the Vedas. And
among hs pups he had one young man of the name of Sundaraka, the
beauty of whose person was set off by hs exceent character; one day the
teacher's wfe Kartr beng ove-sck secrety courted hm, her husband
havng gone away to some pace or other. Truy Love makes great sport
wth ugy peope as hs aughng-stocks, n that she, not consderng her
own appearance, fe n ove wth Sundaraka. But he, though tempted,
detested wth hs whoe sou the crme; however women may msbehave,
the mnd of the good s not to be shaken. Then, he havng departed,
Kartr n a rage tore her own body wth btes and scratches, and she
remaned weepng,|*| wth dress and ocks dsordered, unt the teacher
Vsh|n.|usv|.a|mn entered the house. And when he had entered, she sad to
hm,--"Look, my Lord, to ths state has Sundaraka reduced me, endeavourng
to gan possesson of me by force." As soon as the teacher heard
that, he was nfamed wth anger, for confdence n women robs even wse
men of ther power of refecton; and when Sundaraka returned home at
nght, he ran upon hm, and he and hs pups kcked hm, and struck hm
wth fsts, and stcks; moreover when he was senseess wth the bows, he
ordered hs pups to fng hm out n the road by nght, wthout regard to
hs safety, and they dd so. Then Sundaraka was graduay restored to
conscousness by the coo nght breeze, and seeng hmsef thus outraged he
refected, "Aas! the nstgaton of a woman troubes the mnds even of those
men whose sous are not under the domnon of passon, as a storm dsturbs
the repose of akes whch are not reached by dust.|*| Ths s why that
teacher of mne n the excess of hs anger, though od and wse, was so n-*
* I read sa for |'s|u.
* ra|as n Sanskrt means dust and aso passon.
-----Fe: 171.png---------------------------------------------------------
consderate as to treat me so cruey. But the fact s, ust and wrath are
apponted n the dspensaton of fate, from the very brth even of wse
Brhmans,
to be the two bots on the door of ther savaton.|*| For were not the
sages ong ago angry wth |'S|va n the devadru-wood, beng afrad that
ther wves woud go astray? And they dd not know that he was a god,
as he had assumed the appearance of a Buddhst mendcant, wth the ntenton
of shewng Um that even |R.|shs do not possess sef-restrant. But
after they had cursed hm, they dscovered that he was the rung god, that
shakes the three words, and they fed to hm for protecton. So t appears
that even hermts n|ure others, when begued by the sx fauts that are
enemes of man,|*| ust, wrath, and ther crew, much more so Brhmans
earned n the Vedas." Thnkng thus, Sundaraka from fear of robbers
durng the nght, cmbed up and took sheter n a neghbourng cow-house.
And whe he was crouchng unobserved n a corner of that cow-house,
Kartr came nto t wth a drawn sword n her hand, terrbe
from the hssng she uttered, wth wnd and fames ssung from her
mouth and eyes, accompaned by a crowd of wtches. Then the terrfed
Sundaraka, behodng Kartr arrvng n such a guse, caed to mnd
the spes that drve away Rkshasas, and bewdered by these spes
Kartr dd not see hm crouchng secrety n a corner, wth hs mbs
drawn together from fear. Then Kartr wth her frends rected the
spes that enabe wtches to fy, and they few up nto the ar, cow-house
and a.
And Sundaraka heard the spe and remembered t;|*| but Kartr
wth the cow-house qucky few through the ar to U||ayn: there she
made t descend by a spe n a garden of herbs, and went and sported
n the cemetery among the wtches: and mmedatey Sundaraka beng
hungry went down nto the garden of herbs, and made a mea on some
roots whch he dug up, and after he had aayed the pangs of hunger, and
returned as before to the cow-house, Kartr came back n the mdde of
the nght from her meetng. Then she got up nto the cow-house, and,
|ust as before, she few through the ar wth her pups by the power of her
magc, and returned home n the nght. And after she had repaced the
cow-house, whch she made use of as a vehce, n ts orgna stuaton, and
had dsmssed those foowers of hers, she entered her seepng apartment.
And Sundaraka, havng thus passed through that nght, astonshed at the
* . e. mmunty from future brths.
* . e. desre, wrath, covetousness, bewderment, prde and envy.
* See Weckenstedt's Wendsche Sagen, p. 289, where a young man overhears a
spe wth smar resuts.
-----Fe: 172.png---------------------------------------------------------
troubes he had undergone, n the mornng eft the cow-house and went to
hs frends; there he reated what had happened to hm, and, though desrous
of gong to some other country, he was comforted by those frends and
took up hs abode among them, and eavng the dweng of hs teacher, and
takng hs meas n the amshouse for Brhmans, he ved there en|oyng
hmsef at w n the socety of hs frends. One day Kartr, havng
gone out to buy some necessares for her house, saw Sundaraka n the market.
And beng once more ove-sck, she went up to hm and sad to hm
a second tme--"Sundaraka, shew me affecton even now, for my fe depends
on you." When she sad ths to hm, the vrtuous Sundaraka sad
to her, "Do not speak thus, t s not rght; you are my mother, as
beng the wfe of my teacher." Then Kartr sad; "If you know
what s rght, then grant me my fe, for what rghteousness s greater
than the savng of fe?" Then Sundaraka sad--"Mother, do not entertan
ths wsh, for what rghteousness can there be n approachng
the bed of my preceptor." Thus repused by hm, and threatenng hm
n her wrath, she went home, after tearng her upper garment wth her
own hand, and shewng the garment to her husband, she sad to hm,
"Look, Sundaraka ran upon me, and tore ths garment of mne n ths
fashon;" so her husband went n hs anger and stopped Sundaraka's suppy
of food at the amshouse, by sayng that he was a feon who deserved
death. Then Sundaraka n dsgust, beng desrous of eavng that country,
and knowng the spe for fyng up nto the ar whch he had earnt n the
cow-house, but beng conscous that he had forgotten, after hearng t, the
spe for descendng from the sky, whch he had been taught there aso,
agan went n the nght to that deserted cow-house, and whe he was there,
Kartr came as before, and fyng up n the cow-house n the same way
as on the former occason, traveed through the ar to U||ayn, and havng
made the cow-house descend by a spe n the garden of herbs, went agan
to the cemetery to perform her nghty ceremones.
And Sundaraka heard that spe agan, but faed agan to retan t;
for how can magc practces be thoroughy earnt wthout expanaton by a
teacher? Then he ate some roots there, and put some others n the cow-house
to take away wth hm, and remaned there as before; then Kartr
came, and cmbng up nto the cow-house, few through the ar by nght,
and stoppng the vehce, entered her house. In the mornng Sundaraka
aso eft that house, and takng the roots wth hm he went to the market
n order to procure money wth whch to purchase food. And whe he
was seng them there, some servants of the kng's, who were natves of
Mava, took them away wthout payng for them, seeng that they were
the produce of ther own country. Then he began to remonstrate angry,
so they manaced hm, and took hm before the kng on a charge of throwng
-----Fe: 173.png---------------------------------------------------------
stones at them, and hs frends foowed hm. Those vans sad to the
kng--"Ths man, when we asked hm how he managed contnuay to
brng roots from Mava and se them n U||ayn, woud not gve us any
answer, on the contrary he threw stones at us."
When the kng heard ths, he asked hm about that marve,|*| then hs
frends sad--"If he s paced on the paace wth us, he w expan the
whoe wonder, but not otherwse." The kng consented, and Sundaraka
was paced on the paace, whereupon by the hep of the spe he suddeny
few up nto the heaven wth the paace. And traveng on t wth hs
frends, he graduay reached Prayga,|*| and beng now weary he saw a
certan
kng bathng there, and after stoppng the paace there, he punged
from the heaven nto the Ganges, and, behed wth wonder by a, he
approached that kng. The kng ncnng before hm, sad to hm, "Who
art thou, and why hast thou descended from heaven?" Sundaraka answered,
"I am an attendant of the god |'S|va, named Mura|aka, and by hs command
I have come to thee desrng human peasures." When the kng heard ths,
he supposed t was true, and gave hm a cty, rch n corn, fed wth |ewes,
wth women and a the nsgna of rank. Then Sundaraka entered that
cty and few up nto the heaven wth hs foowers, and for a ong tme
roamed about at w, free from poverty. Lyng on a goden bed, and fanned
wth chowres by beautfu women, he en|oyed happness ke that of
Indra. Then once on a tme a Sddha, that roamed n the ar, wth whom he
had struck up a frendshp, gave hm a spe for descendng from the ar,
and Sundaraka, havng become possessed of ths spe enabng hm to come
down to earth, descended from the sky-path n hs own cty of Kanykub|a.
Then the kng hearng that he had come down from heaven, possessed
of fu prosperty, wth a cty, went n person to meet hm out of
curosty, and Sundaraka, when recognzed and questoned, knowng what to
say on a occasons, nformed the kng of a hs own adventures brought
about by Kartr. Then the kng sent for Kartr and questoned her,
and she fearessy confessed her mproper conduct, and the kng was angry
and made up hs mnd to cut off her ears, but she, when sezed, dsappeared
before the eyes of a the spectators. Then the kng forbade her to ve n
hs kngdom, and Sundaraka havng been honouraby treated by hm returned
to the ar.
Havng sad ths to her husband the kng Adtyaprabha, the queen
Kuvaayva went on to say; "Kng, such magc powers, produced
by the spes of wtches, do exst, and ths thng happened n my
father's kngdom, and t s famous n the word, and, as I tod you at frst,
I am a pup of Kartr's, but because I am devoted to my husband, I
* I read tan tad.
* Caed more usuay by Engsh peope Aahabad.
21
-----Fe: 174.png---------------------------------------------------------
possess greater power even than she dd. And to-day you saw me |ust at
the tme when I had performed ceremones to ensure your wefare, and was
endeavourng to attract by a spe a man to offer as a vctm. So do you
enter now nto our practce, and set your foot on the head of a kngs,
conquerng them by magc power. When he heard ths proposa, the kng
at frst re|ected t, sayng, "What proprety s there n a kng's connectng
hmsef wth the eatng of human fesh, the practce of wtches?" But
when the queen was bent on commttng sucde, he consented, for how can
men who are attracted by the ob|ects of passon reman n the good path?
Then she made hm enter nto the crce prevousy consecrated, and sad to
the kng, after he had taken an oath; "I attempted to draw hther as a vctm
that Brhman named Phaabht, who s so ntmate wth you, but
the drawng hm hther s a dffcut task, so t s the best way to ntate
some cook n our rtes, that he may hmsef say hm and cook hm. And
you must not fee any compuncton about t, because by eatng a sacrfca
offerng of hs fesh, after the ceremones are compete, the enchantment
w be perfect, for he s a Brhman of the hghest caste." When hs beoved
sad ths to hm, the kng, though afrad of the sn, a second tme consented.
Aas! terrbe s compance wth women! Then that roya coupe
had the cook summoned, whose name was Shaska, and after encouragng
hm, and ntatng hm, they both sad to hm,--"Whoever comes to you
to-morrow mornng and says--'The kng and queen w eat together to-day,
so get some food ready qucky,' hm you must say, and make for us
secrety a savoury dsh of hs fesh." When the cook heard ths, he consented,
and went to hs own house. And the next mornng, when Phaabht
arrved, the kng sad to hm, "Go and te the cook Shaska n the ktchen,
'the kng together wth the queen w eat to-day a savoury mess, therefore
prepare as soon as possbe a spendd dsh.'" Phaabht sad, "I w do so"
and went out. When he was outsde, the prnce whose name was
Chandraprabha,
came to hm, and sad--"Have made for me ths very day wth ths
god a par of earrngs, ke those you had made before for my nobe father."
When the prnce sad ths, Phaabht, n order to pease hm, went that
moment, as he was commssoned, to get the earrngs made, and the prnce
ready went wth the kng's message, whch Phaabht tod hm, aone to
the ktchen; when he got there and tod the kng's message, the cook
Shaska, true to hs agreement, mmedatey ked hm wth a knfe, and
made a dsh of hs fesh, whch the kng and queen, after performng ther
ceremones, ate, not knowng the truth;|*| and after spendng that nght n
* Ths ncdent remnds one of Scher's baad--Der Gang nach dem
Esenhammer.
(Benfey Panchatantra, Vo. I, p. 320.)
The story of Frdon n Scher's baad s dentca wth the story of Fugentus
whch s found n the Engsh Gesta Romanorum, see Bohn's Gesta Romanorum,
In-*
-----Fe: 175.png---------------------------------------------------------
remorse, the next mornng the kng saw Phaabht arrve wth the earrngs
n hs hand.
So, beng bewdered, he questoned hm about the earrngs mmedatey;
and when Phaabht had tod hm hs story, the kng fe on the earth,
and cred out; "Aas my son!" bamng the queen and hmsef, and when
hs mnsters questoned hm, he tod them the whoe story, and repeated
what Phaabht had sad every day--"'The doer of good w obtan good,
and the doer of ev, ev.' Often the harm that one wshes to do to another,
recos on one's sef, as a ba thrown aganst a wa reboundng frequenty;
thus we, wcked ones, desrng to say a Brhman, have brought about our
own son's death, and devoured hs fesh." After the kng had sad ths and
nformed hs mnsters, who stood wth ther faces fxed on the earth, of
the whoe transacton, and after he had anonted that very Phaabht as
kng n hs pace, he made a dstrbuton of ams and then, havng no son,
entered the fre wth hs wfe to purfy hmsef from gut, though aready
consumed by the fre of remorse: and Phaabht, havng obtaned the
roya dgnty, rued the earth; thus good or ev done by a man s made to
return upon hmsef.
Havng reated the above tae n the presence of the kng of Vatsa,
Yaugandharya|n.|a agan sad to that kng; "If Brahmadatta therefore were
to pot aganst you, O great kng, who, after conquerng hm, treated hm
kndy, he ought to be san." When the chef mnster had sad ths to
hm, the kng of Vatsa approved of t, and rsng up went to perform the
dutes of the day, and the day foowng he set out from Lvnaka to go to
hs own cty Kau|'s|mb, havng accompshed hs ob|ects n effectng the
conquest of the regons; n course of tme the ord of earth accompaned
by hs retnue reached hs own cty, whch seemed to be dancng wth deght,
mtatng wth banners upfted the taper arms|*| of the dancng gr.
So he entered the cty, producng, at every step, n the otus-garden composed
of the eyes of the women of the cty, the effect of the rsng of a
breeze. And the kng entered hs paace, sung by mnstres, prased by
bards, and worshpped by kngs. Then the monarch of Vatsa ad hs commands
on the kngs of every and, who bowed before hm, and trumphanty
ascended that throne, the heroom of hs race, whch he had found ong
*troducton, page 1. Douce says that the story s found n Scott's Taes from the
Arabc
and Persan, p. 53 and n the Contes devots or Mraces of the Vrgn. (Le Grand,
Fabaux, v. 74.) Mr. Coer states upon the authorty of M. Boettger that
Scher
founded hs baad upon an Asatan tradton whch he heard at Mannhem. Cp.
aso the 80th of the Scansche Mrchen whch ends wth these words, " Wer
gutes
thut, wrd gutes erhaten."
* Lteray creeper-ke.
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ago n the depost of treasure. And the heaven was fed wth the combned
hgh and deep echoes of the sound of the drums, whch accompaned
the auspcous ceremones on that occason, ke smutaneous shouts of
appause uttered by the guardans of the word, each n hs severa quarter,
beng deghted wth the prme mnster of the kng of Vatsa. Then the
monarch, who was free from avarce, dstrbuted to the Brhmans a knds
of weath acqured by the conquest of the word, and after great festvtes,
satsfed the desres of the company of kngs and of hs own mnsters.
Then n that cty fed wth the nose of drums resembng the thunder of
the couds, whe the kng was ranng benefts on the feds|*| accordng to
each man's desert, the peope, expectng great frut n the form of corn, kept
hgh festva n every house. Havng thus conquered the word, that vctorous
kng devoved on Ruma|n.|vat and Yaugandharya|n.|a the burden of
hs ream, and ved at ease there wth Vsavadatt and Padmvat. So
he, beng prased by exceent bards, seated between those two queens as f
they were the goddesses of Fame and Fortune, en|oyed the rsng of the
moon whte as hs own gory, and contnuay drank wne as he had swaowed
the mght of hs foes.
* There s a doube meanng here; kshetra means ft recpents as we as fed.
The kng no doubt dstrbuted corn.
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BOOK IV.
CHAPTER XXI.
Vctory to the conqueror of obstaces,|*| who marks wth a ne ke the
partng of the har, the prncpa mountans|*| by the mghty fannng of
hs ear-faps, pontng out, as t were, a path of success!
Then Udayana, the kng of Vatsa, remanng n Kausmb, en|oyed the
conquered earth whch was under one umbrea; and the happy monarch
devoved the care of hs empre upon Yaugandharya|n.|a and Ruma|n.|vat,
and
addcted hmsef to peasure ony n the socety of Vasantaka. Hmsef
payng on the ute, n the company of the queen Vsavadatt and Padmvat,
he was engaged n a perpetua concert. Whe the notes of hs yre
were marred to the soft sweet song of the queens, the rapd movement of
hs executng fnger aone ndcated the dfference of the sounds. And
whe the roof of the paace was whte wth moonght as wth hs own
gory, he drank wne n penteous streams as he had swaowed the prde of
hs enemes|*|; beautfu women brought hm, as he sat retred, n vesses of
god, wne famng wth rosy gow,|*| as t were the water of hs appontment
as ruer n the empre of ove; he dvded between the two queens
the corda quor red, decous, and peucd, n whch danced the refecton
of ther faces; as he dd hs own heart, mpassoned, enraptured and
transparent,
n whch the same mage was found; hs eyes were never sated wth
restng on the faces of those queens, whch had the eyebrows arched, and
bushed wth the rosy hue of ove, though envy and anger were far from
them; the scene of hs banquet, fed wth many crysta gobets of wne,
* . e. the god Ga|n.|e|'s|a, who has an eephant's head.
* Seven prncpa mountans are supposed to exst n each Varsha or dvson of
a
contnent.
* There s a reference here to the mada or chor whch exudes from an
eephant's
tempes when n rut.
* rga aso means passon.
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geamed ke a ake of whte otuses tnged red wth the rsng sun. And
occasonay, accompaned by huntsmen, cad n a vest dark green as the
pasa tree, he ranged, bow and arrows n hand, the forest fu of wd beasts,
whch was of the same coour as hmsef. He sew wth arrows herds of
wd boars besmeared wth mud, as the sun dsperses wth ts dense rays
the masses of darkness; when he ran towards them, the anteopes feeng
n terror, seemed ke the sdeong gances of the quarters prevousy
conquered|*|
by hm.
And when he sew the buffaoes, the ground, red wth bood, ooked
ke a bed of red otuses, come to thank hm humby for deverng t from
the gorng of ther horns. When the ons too were transfxed by hs
|avens fang n ther open mouths, and ther ves ssued from them wth
a suppressed roar, he was deghted. In that wood he empoyed dogs n
the ravnes, and nets n the gades; ths was the method of hs pursut of
the chase n whch he reed ony upon hs own resources. Whe he was
thus engaged n hs peasant en|oyments, one day the hermt Nrada came
to hm as he was n the ha of audence, dffusng a hao wth the radance
of hs body, ke the sun, the orb of heaven, descendng therefrom out of
ove for the Soar dynasty. The kng wecomed hm, ncnng before hm
agan and agan, and the sage stood a moment as f peased, and sad to that
kng, "Lsten, O kng, I w te you a story n few words; you had an
ancestor once, a kng of the name of P|n.||d.|u; he ke you had two nobe
wves; one wfe of the mghty prnce was named Kunt and the other
Mdr. That P|n.||d.|u conquered ths sea-engrded earth, and was very
prosperous, and beng addcted to the vce of huntng he went one day to
the forest. There he et fy an arrow and sew a hermt of the name of
Arndama, who was sportng wth hs wfe n the form of a deer.|*| That
hermt abandoned that deer-form, and wth hs breath struggng n hs
throat cursed that P|n.||d.|u, who n hs despar had fung away hs bow;
'Snce I have been san whe sportng at w by thee, nconsderate one,
thou aso shat de n the embraces of thy wfe.' Havng been thus cursed,
P|n.||d.|u, through fear of ts effect, abandoned the desre of en|oyment, and
accompaned by hs wves ved n a tranqu grove of ascetc quetsm.
Whe he was there, one day mpeed by that curse, he suddeny approached
hs beoved Mdr, and ded. So you may rest assured that the occupaton
caed huntng s a madness of kngs, for other kngs have been done
to death by t, even as the varous deer they have san. For how can
* The quarters are often conceved of as women.
* In the XVIIIth tae of the Gesta Romanorum |uan s ed nto troube by
pursung
a deer. The anma turns round and says to hm, "Thou who pursuest me so
fercey shat be the destructon of thy parents."
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huntng produce bengn resuts, snce the genus of huntng s ke a femae
Rkshasa, roarng horrby, ntent on raw fesh, defed wth dust, wth
upstandng har and ances for teeth. Therefore gve up that useess
exerton, the sport of huntng; wd eephants and ther sayers are exposed
to the same rsk of osng ther ves. And you, who are ordaned for prosperty,
are dear to me on account of my frendshp wth your ancestors, so
hear how you are to have a son who s to be a porton of the god of ove.
Long ago, when Rat worshpped S'va wth prases n order to effect the
restoraton of Kma's body, S'va beng peased tod her ths secret n few
words; 'Ths Gaur,* desrng a son, sha descend to earth wth a part of
hersef, and after proptatng me, sha gve brth to an ncarnaton of
Kma.' Accordngy, kng, the goddess has been born n the form of ths
Vsavadatt, daughter of Chandamahsena, and she has become your queen.
So she, havng proptated S'va, sha gve brth to a son who sha be a
porton of Kma, and sha become the emperor of a the Vdydharas."
By ths speech the Rsh Nrada, whose words command respect, gave back
to the kng the earth whch he had offered hm as a present, and then
dsappeared.
When he had departed, the kng of Vatsa n company wth
Vsavadatt, n whom had arsen the desre of obtanng a son, spent the
day n thnkng about t.
The next day the chef warder caed Ntyodta, came to the ord of
Vatsa whe he was n the ha of assemby, and sad to hm; "A certan
dstressed Brhman woman, accompaned by two chdren, s standng at
the door, O kng, desrng to see your Hghness." When the kng heard
ths, he permtted her to enter, and so that Brhman woman entered, thn,
pae, and begrmed, dstressed by the tearng of her cothes and woundng
of her sef-respect, carryng n her bosom two chdren ookng ke
Msery and Poverty. After she had made the proper obesance, she sad to
the kng, "I am a Brhman woman of good caste, reduced to such poverty;
as fate woud have t, I gave brth to these two boys at the same tme, and
I have no mk for them, O kng, wthout food. Therefore I have come n
my msery and hepessness for protecton to the kng, who s knd to a
who fy to hm for protecton; now, my ord the kng must determne what
my ot s to be." When the kng heard that, he was fed wth pty, and
sad to the warder, "Take ths woman and commend her to the queen
Vsavadatt." Then that woman was conducted nto the presence of the
queen by that warder, as t were by her own good actons marchng n
front of her. The queen, when she heard from that warder that the
Brhman woman who had come had been sent by the kng, fet a the
more confdence n her. And when she saw that the woman, though poor,
had two chdren, she thought, "Ths s exceedngy unfar deang on the part
* I. g. Um and Prvat. Kma = the god of ove.
V
-----Fe: 180.png---------------------------------------------------------
of the Creator! Aas! he grudges a son to me who am rch, and shews affecton
to one who s poor! I have not yet one son, but ths woman has these
twns." Thus refectng, the queen, who was hersef desrng a bath, gave
orders to her servants to provde the Brhman woman wth a bath and other
restoratves. After she had been provded wth a bath, and had had cothes
gven her, and had been supped by them wth agreeabe food, that Brhman
woman was refreshed ke the heated earth bedewed wth ran. And
as soon as she had been refreshed, the queen Vsavadatt, n order to test
her by conversaton, artfuy sad to her, "O Brhman ady, te us some
tae," when she heard that, she agreed and began to te ths story.
Story of Devadatta
In od tme there was a certan
petty monarch of the name of |ayadatta
and there was born to hm a son, named Devadatta. And that wse kng
wshng to marry hs son who was grown up, thus refected---"The prosperty
of kngs s very unstabe, beng ke a hetra to be en|oyed by force,
but the prosperty of merchants s ke a woman of good famy, t s steady
and does not fy to another man. Therefore I w take a wfe to my son
from a merchant's famy, n order that msfortune may not overtake hs
throne, though t s surrounded wth many reatons." Havng formed ths
resove, that kng sought for hs son the daughter of a merchant n Ptaputra
named Vasudatta. Vasudatta, for hs part, eager for such a dstngushed
aance, gave that daughter of hs to the prnce, though he dwet
n a remote foregn and.
And he oaded hs son-n-aw wth weath to such an extent that he no
onger fet much respect for hs father's magnfcence. Then kng |ayadatta
dwet happy wth that son of hs who had obtaned the daughter of
that rch merchant. Now one day the merchant Vasudatta came, fu of
desre to see hs daughter, to the paace of hs connexon by marrage, and
took away hs daughter to hs own home. Shorty after the kng |ayadatta
suddeny went to heaven, and that kngdom was sezed by hs reatons
who rose n rebeon; through fear of them hs son Devadatta was secrety
taken away by hs mother durng the nght to another country. Then
that mother dstressed n sou sad to the prnce--"Our feuda ord s the
emperor who rues the eastern regon, repar to hm, my son, he w procure
you the kngdom." When hs mother sad ths to hm, the prnce
answered her; "Who w respect me f I go there wthout attendants?"
When she heard that, hs mother went on to say, "Go to the house of your
father-n-aw, and get money there and so procure foowers, and then repar
to the emperor." Beng urged n these words by hs mother, the prnce,
though fu of shame, sowy podded on and reached hs father-n-aw's
house n the evenng, but he coud not bear to enter at such an unseasonabe
hour, for he was afrad of sheddng tears, beng bereaved of hs father,
-----Fe: 181.png---------------------------------------------------------
and havng ost hs wordy spendour, besdes shame wthhed hm. So he
remaned n the verandah of an ams house near, and at nght he suddeny
behed a woman descendng wth a rope from hs father-n-aw's house, and
mmedatey he recognzed her as hs wfe, for she was so respendent wth
|ewes that she ooked ke a meteor faen from the couds, and he was
much greved thereat, but she, though she saw hm, dd not recognse hm,
as he was emacated and begrmed, and asked hm who he was; when he
heard that, he answered, "I am a traveer;" then the merchant's daughter
entered the ams-house, and the prnce foowed her secrety to watch her.
There she advanced towards a certan man, and he towards her, and askng
her why she had come so ate, he bestowed severa kcks on her.|*| Then
the passon of the wcked woman was doubed, and she appeased hm and
remaned wth hm on the most affectonate terms. When he saw that,
the dscreet prnce refected; "Ths s not the tme for me to shew anger, for
I have other affars n hand, and how coud I empoy aganst these two
contemptbe creatures, ths wfe of mne and the man who has done me ths
wrong, ths sword whch s to be used aganst my foes? Or what quarre
have I wth ths aduteress, for ths s the work of magnant destny, that
showers caamtes upon me, shewng sk n the game of testng my frmness?
It s my marrage wth a woman beow me n rank that s n faut, not the
woman hersef; how can a femae crow eave the mae crow to take peasure
n a cuckoo?" Thus refectng, he aowed that wfe of hs to reman n the
socety of her paramour; for n the mnds of heroes possessed wth an
ardent desre of vctory, of what mportance s woman, vaueess as a
straw? But at the moment when hs wfe ardenty embraced her paramour,
there fe from her ear an ornament thcky studded wth vauabe |ewes.
And she dd not observe ths, but at the end of her ntervew takng eave
of her paramour, returned hurredy to her house as she came. And that
unawfu over aso departed somewhere or other. Then the prnce saw
that |eweed ornament and took t up; t fashed wth many |ewe-geams,
dspeng the gatherng darkness of despondency, and seemed ke a hand-
amp
obtaned by hm to assst hm n searchng for hs ost prosperty.
The prnce mmedatey perceved that t was very vauabe, and went off,
havng obtaned a he requred, to Kanykub|a; there be pedged that
ornament
for a hundred thousand god peces, and after buyng horses and
eephants went nto the presence of the emperor. And wth the troops,
whch he gave hm, he marched and sew hs enemes n fght, and recovered
hs father's kngdom, and hs mother appauded hs success. Then he
redeemed from pawn that ornament, and sent t to hs father-n-aw to revea
that unsuspected secret; hs father-n-aw, when he saw that ear-rng of
* Cp. Lane's Araban Nghts, Vo. I, p. 96; aso an ncdent n G and Sanaubar,
(Lebrecht zur Vokskunde, p. 144)
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hs daughter's, whch had come to hm n such a way, was confounded and
shewed t to her: she ooked upon t, ost ong ago ke her own vrtue,
and when she heard that t had been sent by her husband, she was dstracted
and caed to mnd the whoe crcumstance: "Ths s the very ornament
whch I et fa n the ams-house the nght I saw that unknown traveer
standng there; so that must undoubtedy have been my husband come to
test my vrtue, but I dd not recognze hm, and he pcked up ths ornament."
Whe the merchant's daughter was gong through ths tran of
refecton, her heart, affcted by the msfortune of her unchastty havng
been dscovered, n ts agony, broke. Then her father artfuy questoned a
mad of hers who knew a her secrets, and found out the truth, and so
ceased to mourn for hs daughter; as for the prnce, after he recovered the
kngdom, he obtaned as wfe the daughter of the emperor won by hs vrtues,
and en|oyed the hghest prosperty.
So you see that the hearts of women are hard as adamant n darng
sn, but are soft as a fower when the tremor of fear fas upon them. But
there are some few women born n good fames, that, havng hearts
vrtuous|*|
and of transparent purty, become ke pears the ornaments of the
earth. And the fortune of kngs s ever boundng away ke a doe, but the
wse know how to bnd t by the tether of frmness, as you see n my story;
therefore those who desre good fortune must not abandon ther vrtue even n
caamty, and of ths prncpe my present crcumstances are an ustraton,
for I preserved my character, O queen, even n ths caamty, and that has
borne me frut n the shape of the good fortune of behodng you.
Havng heard ths tae from the mouth of that Brhman woman, the queen
Vsavadatt, feeng respect for her, mmedatey thought,--"Surey ths
Brhman woman must be of good famy, for the ndrect way n whch she
auded to her own vrtue and her bodness n speech prove that she s of
gente brth, and ths s the reason why she shewed such tact n enterng the
kng's court of |ustce,"--havng gone through these refectons, the queen
agan sad to the Brhman woman: "Whose wfe are you, or what s the
hstory of your fe? Te me." When she heard that, the Brhman
woman agan began to speak--
Story of Pngak
Oueen, there was a certan
Brhman n the country or Mava,
named Agndatta, the home of Fortune and of Learnng, who wngy
mpovershed
hmsef to hep suppants, and n course of tme there were born
to hm two sons ke hmsef; the edest was caed |'S|ankaradatta and the
other |'S|ntkara; of these two, oh gorous one, |'S|ntkara suddeny eft hs
father's house n quest of earnng, whe he was st a boy, and went, I
know not whther, and the other son hs eder brother marred me, who am
* Here there s a pun, suvrtta meanng aso we-rounded.
-----Fe: 183.png---------------------------------------------------------
the daughter of Ya|nadatta who coected weath for the sake of sacrfce
ony. In course of tme the father of my husband, who was named Agndatta,
beng od, went to the next word and hs wfe foowed hm,* and my
husband eft me, when I was pregnant, to go to hoy paces, and through
sorrow for hs oss abandoned the body n fre purfed by the goddess
Sarasvat;
and when that fact was tod us by those who accompaned hm n hs
pgrmage, I was not permtted to foow hm by my reatons, as I was
pregnant. Then, whe my gref was fresh, brgands suddeny swooped down
on us and pundered my house and a the roya grant; mmedatey I fed
wth three Brhman women from that pace, for fear that I mght be outraged,
takng wth me very few garments. And, as the whoe kngdom
was ravaged, I went to a dstant and accompaned by them, and remaned
there a month ony supportng mysef by mena drudgery. And then
hearng from peope that the kng of Vatsa was the refuge of the hepess,
I came here wth the three Brhman women, wth no other traveng provson
than my vrtue; and as soon as I arrved I gave brth at the same
tme to two boys. Thus, though I have the frendy assstance of these three
Brhman women, I have suffered bereavement, banshment, poverty, and
now comes ths brth of twns; *Aas! Provdence has opened to me the door
of caamty. Accordngy, refectng that I had no other means of mantanng
these chdren, I ad asde shame, the ornament of women, and enterng
nto the kng's court I made a petton to hm. Who s abe to
endure the sght of the msery of youthfu offsprng? And n consequence
of hs order, I have come nto your august presence, and my
caamtes have turned back, as f ordered away from your door. Ths s
my hstory: as for my name, t s Pngak, because from my chdhood
my eyes have been reddened by the smoke of the burnt-offerngs. And
that brother-n-aw of mne Sntkara dwes n a foregn and, but n what
and he s now vng, I have not as yet dscovered.
When the Brhman woman had tod her hstory n these words, the
queen came to the concuson that she was a ady of hgh brth, and after
refectng, sad ths to her wth an affectonate manner: "There s dweng
here a foregn Brhman of the name of Sntkara, and he s our domestc
chapan; I am certan he w turn out to be your brother-n-aw." After
sayng ths to the eager Brhman ady, the queen aowed that nght to
pass, and the next mornng sent for Sntkara and asked hm about hs
descent.
And when he had tod her hs descent, she, ascertanng that the two
accounts taed competey, shewed hm that Brhman ady, and sad to
hm--"Here s your brother's wfe." And when they recognsed one another,
and he had heard of the death of hs reatons, he took the Brhman ady
the wfe of hs brother to hs own house. There he mourned exceedngy,
* .e. burnt hersef wth hs body.
-----Fe: 184.png---------------------------------------------------------
as was natura, for the death of hs parents and hs brother, and comforted
the ady who was accompaned by her two chdren; and the queen
Vsavadatt
setted that the Brhman ady's two young sons shoud be the
domestc chapans of her future son, and the queen aso gave the edest
the name of |'S|ntsoma, and the next of Va|'s|vnara, and she bestowed on
them much weath. The peope of ths word are ke a bnd man, beng
ed to the pace of recompense by ther own actons, gong before them,|*|
and ther courage s merey an nstrument. Then those two chdren, and
ther mother and |'S|ntkara remaned unted there, havng obtaned weath.
Then once upon a tme, as days went on, the queen Vsavadatt
behed from her paace a certan woman of the caste of potters comng wth
fve sons, brngng pates, and she sad to the Brhman ady Pngak, who
was at her sde; "Observe, my frend: ths woman has fve sons, and I have
not even one as yet, to such an extent s such a one the possessor of mert,
whe such a one as mysef s not."
Then Pngak sad, "Oueen, these numerous sons are peope who
have commtted many sns n a prevous exstence, and are born to poor
peope n order that they may suffer for them, but the son that sha be
born to such a one as you, must have been n a former fe a very vrtuous
person. Therefore do not be mpatent, you w soon obtan a son such as
you deserve." Though Pngak sad ths to her, Vsavadatt, beng
eager for the brth of a son, remaned wth her mnd overpowered by
anxety about t. At that moment the kng of Vatsa came and percevng
what was n her heart sad--"Oueen, Nrada sad that you shoud obtan a
son by proptatng |'S|va, therefore we must contnuay proptate |'S|va,
that granter of boons" Upon that, the queen qucky determned upon
performng a vow, and when she had taken a vow, the kng and hs mnsters
and the whoe kngdom aso took a vow to proptate |'S|va; and after
the roya coupe had fasted for three nghts, that Lord was so peased that
he hmsef appeared to them and commanded them n a dream,--"Rse
up; from you sha sprng a son who sha be a porton of the god of ove,
and owng to my favour sha be kng of a the Vdydharas." When the
god, whose crest s the moon, had sad ths and dsappeared, that coupe
woke up, and mmedatey fet unfegned |oy at havng obtaned ther boon,
and consdered that they had ganed ther ob|ect. And n the mornng
the kng and queen rose up, and after deghtng the sub|ects wth the taste
of the nectarous story of ther dream, kept hgh festva wth ther reatons
and servants, and broke n ths manner the fast of ther vow. After some
days had past, a certan man wth matted ocks came and gave the queen
Vsavadatt a frut n her dream. Then the kng of Vatsa re|oced wth
the queen, who nformed hm of that cear dream, and he was congratuated
* Puroga|h.| means "done n a prevous fe," and aso "gong before."
-----Fe: 185.png---------------------------------------------------------
by hs mnsters, and supposng that the god of the moon-crest has gven
her a son under the form of a frut, he consdered the fufment of hs wsh
to be not far off.
CHAPTER XXII.
Then, n a short tme, Vsavadatt became pregnant wth a chd,
gorous nasmuch as t was an ncarnaton of the god of Love, and t was
a feast to the eyes of the kng of Vatsa. She shone wth a face, the eyes
of whch roed, and whch was of pash hue, as f wth the moon come to
vst her out of affecton for the god of Love conceved n her. When she
was sttng down, the two mages of her form, refected n the sdes of the
|ewed couch, seemed ke Rat and Prt come there out of regard for
ther husband.* Her ades-n-watng attended upon her ke the Scences
that grant desres, come n body form to shew ther respect for the future
kng of the Vdydharas* conceved n her. At that tme she had breasts
wth ponts dark ke a foded bud, resembng ptchers ntended for the
naugura sprnkng* of her unborn son. When she ay down on a comfortabe
couch n the mdde of the paace, whch geamed wth pavement
composed of transucent, fashng, ustrous |ewes, she appeared as f she
were beng proptated by the waters, that had come there trembng,
through fear of beng conquered by her future son, wth heaps of |ewes on
every sde. Her mage refected from the gems n the mdde of the
charot, appeared ke the Fortune of the Vdyharas comng n the heaven
to offer her adoraton. And she fet a ongng for stores of great magcans
provded wth ncantatons by means of spes, ntroduced appropratey
n conversaton. Vdydhara ades, begnnng meodous songs, wated
upon her when n her dream she rose hgh up n the sky, and when she
woke up, she desred to en|oy n reaty the amusement of sportng n the
ar, whch woud gve the peasure of ookng down upon the earth. And
Yaugandharyana gratfed that ongng of the queen's by empoyng spes,
machnes, |uggng, and such ke contrvances. So she roamed through
the ar by means of those varous contrvances, whch furnshed a wonderfu
spectace to the upturned eyes of the ctzens' wves. But once on a tme,
*I read wth a MS. n the Sanskrt Coege patsnehd for pratsnehd. The two
wves of the god of Love came out of ove to ther husband, who was conceved
n Vsavadatt.
*Vdydhara--means teray "magca-knowedge-hoder."
*The ceremony of coronaton.
-----Fe: 186.png---------------------------------------------------------
when she was n her paace, there arose n her heart a desre to hear the
gorous taes of the Vdydharas; then Yaugandharyana, beng entreated
by that queen, tod her ths tae whe a were stenng.
Story of |mtavhana.
There s a great mountan named Hmavat, the father of the
mother of the word,|*| who s not ony the chef of hs, but the sprtua
preceptor of |'S|va, and on that great mountan, the home of the Vdydharas,
dwet the ord of the Vdydharas, the kng |mtaketu. And n hs
house there was a wshng-tree. |**P1: s/b comma?| whch had come down to
hm from hs ancestors,
caed by a name whch expressed ts nature, The Gver of Desres.
And one day the kng |mtaketu approached that wshng-tree n hs
garden, whch was of dvne nature, and suppcated t; "We aways obtan
from you a you desre, therefore gve me, O god, who am now chdess, a
vrtuous son." Then the wshng-tree sad,--"Kng, there sha be born to
thee a son who sha remember hs past brth, who sha be a hero n
gvng, and knd to a creatures." When he heard that, the kng was deghted,
and bowed before that tree, and then he went and deghted hs queen
wth the news: accordngy n a short tme a son was born to hm, and hs
father caed the son |mtavhana. Then that |mtavhana, who was of
great goodness, grew up step by step wth the growth of hs nnate compasson
for a creatures. And n course of tme, when he was made Crown-Prnce,
he beng fu of compasson for the word sad n secret to hs father,
who was peased by hs attentons--"I know, O father, that n ths word a
thngs persh n an nstant, but the pure gory of the great aone endures
t the end of a Kapa.|*| If t s acqured by beneftng others, what
other weath can be, ke t, vaued by hgh-mnded men more than fe.
And as for prosperty, f t be not used to beneft others, t s ke ghtnng
whch for a moment pans the eye, and fckerng dsappears somewhere or
other. So, f ths wshng-tree, whch we possess, and whch grants a
desres, s empoyed for the beneft of others, we sha have reaped from t
a the frut t can gve. So et me take such steps as that by ts rches the
whoe muttude of men n need may be rescued from poverty." Ths petton
|mtavhana made to hs father, and havng obtaned hs permsson,
he went and sad to that wshng-tree, "O god, thou aways gvest us
the desred frut, therefore fuf to-day ths one wsh of ours. O my frend,
reeve ths whoe word from ts poverty, success to thee, thou art bestowed
on the word that desres weath!" The wshng-tree beng addressed
n ths stye by that sef-denyng one, showered much god on the earth,
and a the peope re|oced; what other compassonate ncarnaton of a
Bodhsattva
except the gorous |mtavhana woud be abe to dspose even of
* Ambk, . q., Prvat the wfe of |'S|va.
* A perod of 432 mon years of mortas.
-----Fe: 187.png---------------------------------------------------------
a wshng-tree n favour of the needy? For ths reason every regon of
the earth|*| became devoted to |mtavhana, and hs staness fame was
spread on hgh.
Then the reatons of |mtaketu, seeng that hs throne was frmy
estabshed by the gory of hs son, were envous, and became hoste to
hm. And they thought t woud be easy to conquer that pace, whch
possessed the exceent wshng-tree that was empoyed for bestowng
gfts, on account of ts not beng strong: then they assembed and determned
on war, and thereupon the sef-denyng |mtavhana sad to hs
father,--"As ths body of ours s ke a bubbe n the water, for the sake of
what do we desre prosperty, whch fckers ke a cande exposed to the
wnd? And what wse man desres to attan prosperty by the saughter of
others? Accordngy, my father, I ought not to fght wth my reatons.
But I must eave my kngdom and go to some forest or other; et these
mserabe wretches be, et us not say the members of our own famy."
When |mtavhana had sad ths, hs father |mtaketu formed a resouton
and sad to hm; "I too must go, my son, for what desre for rue can
I, who am od, have, when you, though young, out of compasson abandon
your ream as f t were so much grass?" In these words hs father expressed
hs acquescence n the pro|ect of |mtavhana, who then, wth hs father
and hs father's wfe, went to the Maaya mountan. There he remaned
n a hermtage, the dweng of the Sddhas, where the brooks were hdden
by the sanda-wood trees, and devoted hmsef to takng care of hs father.
There he struck up a frendshp wth the sef-denyng son of V|'s|vvasu, the
chef prnce of the Sddhas, whose name was Mtrvasu. And once on a
tme the a-knowng |mtavhana behed n a oney pace Mtrvasu's
maden sster, who had been hs beoved n a former brth. And the mutua
gaze of those two young peope was ke the catchng n a fra net of
the deer of the mnd.|*|
Then one day Mtrvasu came up suddeny to |mtavhana, who
deserved the respect of the three words, wth a peased expresson, and
sad to hm, "I have a younger sster, the maden caed Maayavat; I gve
her to you, do not refuse to gratfy my wsh." When |mtavhana heard
that, he sad to hm, "O prnce, she was my wfe n a former brth, and n
that fe you became my frend, and were ke a second heart to me. I am
one who remembers the former state of exstence, I recoect a that happened
n my prevous brth." When he sad ths, Mtrvasu sad to hm,
"then te me ths story of your former brth, for I fee curosty about t."
When he heard ths from Mtrvasu, the benevoent |mtavhana tod
hm the tae of hs former brth as foows:
* More teray the cardna and ntermedate ponts.
* Readng manom|r.|g, the deer of the mnd.
-----Fe: 188.png---------------------------------------------------------
Story of |mtavhana's adventures n a former brth.
Thus t s; formery I was a
sky-roamng Vdydhara, and once
on a tme I was passng over a peak of the Hmaya. And then S'va, who
was beow, sportng wth Gaur, beng angry at my passng above hm, cursed
me, sayng, "Descend nto a morta womb, and after obtanng a Vdydhar
for your wfe, and appontng your son n your pace, you sha
remember your former brth, and agan be born as a Vdydhara." Havng
pronounced when ths curse shoud end, S'va ceased and dsappeared; and
soon after I was born upon earth n a famy of merchants. And I grew
up as the son of a rch merchant n a cty named Vaabh, and my name
was Vasudatta. And n course of tme, when I became a young man, I had
a retnue gven me by my father, and went by hs orders to another and to
traffc. As I was gong aong, robbers fe upon me n a forest, and after
takng a my property, ed me n chans to a tempe of Durg n ther
vage, terrbe wth a ong wavng banner of red sk ke the tongue of
Death eager to devour the ves of anmas. There they brought me nto
the presence of ther chef named Pundaka, who was engaged n worshppng
the goddess, n order that I mght serve as a vctm. He, though
he was a S'avara,* the moment he saw me, fet hs heart met wth pty
for me; an apparenty causeess affectonate movement of the heart s a
sgn of frendshp n a former brth. Then that S'avara kng, havng saved
me from saughter, was about to compete the rte by the sacrfce of hmsef,
when a heaveny voce sad to hm--" Do not act thus, I am peased
wth thee, crave a boon of me,"--thereupon he was deghted, and sad--"O
goddess, thou art peased; what other bessng can I need, nevertheess I
ask so much--may I have frendshp wth ths merchant's son n another
brth aso." The voce sad--"So be t," and then ceased, and then that S'avara
gave me much weath, and sent me back to my own home. And then,
as I had returned from foregn trave and from the |aws of death, my father,
when he heard the whoe occurrence, made a great feast n my honour.
And n course of tme I saw there that very same S'avara chef, whom the
kng had ordered to be brought before hm as a prsoner for punderng a
caravan. I tod my father of t mmedatey, and makng a petton to the
kng, I saved hm from capta punshment by the payment of a hundred
thousand god-peces. And havng n ths way repad the beneft, whch he
conferred upon me by savng my fe, I brought hm to my house, and
entertaned
hm honouraby for a ong tme wth a ovng attenton. And
then, after ths hosptabe entertanment, I dsmssed hm, and he went to
hs own vage fxng upon me a heart tender wth affecton. Then, whe
he thought about a present for me that mght be worthy of my return for
hs prevous kndness, he came to the concuson that the pears and musk
* Member of a savage trbe.
-----Fe: 189.png---------------------------------------------------------
and treasures of that knd, whch were at hs dsposa, were not vauabe
enough. Thereupon he took hs bow and went off to the Hmaya to
shoot eephants, n order to obtan a surpassngy spendd neckace|*| for
me. And whe he was roamng about there, he reached a great ake wth
a tempe upon ts shore, beng wecomed by ts otuses, whch were as devoted
to ther frend|*| as he was to me. And suspectng that the wd
eephants woud come there to drnk water, he remaned n conceament
wth hs bow, n order to k them. In the meanwhe he saw a young ady
of wonderfu beauty come rdng upon a on to worshp |'S|va, whose tempe
stood on the shore of the ake; ookng ke a second daughter of the kng
of the snowy mountans, devoted to the servce of |'S|va whe n her grhood.
And the |'S|avara, when he saw her, beng overpowered wth wonder,
refected--"Who can ths be? If she s a morta woman, why does she rde
upon a on? On the other hand, f she s dvne, how can she be seen by
such as me? So she must certany be the ncarnate deveopment of the
merts of my eyes n a former brth. If I coud ony marry my frend to
her, then I shoud have bestowed upon hm a new and wonderfu recompense.
So I had better frst approach her to queston her." Thus refectng,
my frend the |'S|avara advanced to meet her. In the meanwhe she
dsmounted from the on, that ay down n the shade, and advancng began
to pck the otuses of the ake. And seeng the |'S|avara, who was a
stranger, comng towards her and bowng, out of a hosptabe feeng she
gratfed hm wth a wecome. And she sad to hm--"Who are you, and
why have you come to ths naccessbe and?" Thereupon the |'S|avara
answered
her, "I am a prnce of the |'S|avaras, who regard the feet of Bhavn
as my ony refuge, and I am come to ths wood to get pears from the heads
of eephants. But when I behed you |ust now, O goddess, I caed to
mnd my own frend that saved my fe, the son of a merchant prnce, the
auspcous Vasudatta. For he, O far one, s, ke you, matchess for beauty
and youth, a very fount of nectar to the eyes of ths word. Happy s
that maden n the word, whose braceeted hand s taken n ths fe by
that treasure-house of frendshp, generosty, compasson, and patence. And
f ths beautfu form of yours s not nked to such a man, then I cannot
hep grevng that Kma bears the bow n van." By these words of the
kng of the hunters the mnd of the maden was suddeny carred away,
as f by the syabes of the god of Love's bewderng spe. And prompted
by ove, she sad to that |'S|avara, "Where s that frend of yours?
Brng hm here and shew hm to me." When he heard that, he sad--"I
w do so," and that moment the |'S|avara took eave of her and set out on
hs |ourney n hgh sprts, consderng hs ob|ect attaned. And after he
* I. e. of the pears n the heads of the eephants.
* I. e. the sun.
-----Fe: 190.png---------------------------------------------------------
had reached hs vage, he took wth hm pears and musk, a weght suffcent
for hundreds of heavy-aden porters, and came to our house. There
he was honoured by a the nmates, and enterng t, he offered to my
father that present, whch was worth much god. And after that day and
that nght had been spent n feastng, he reated to me n prvate the story
of hs ntervew wth the maden from the very commencement. And he
sad to me, who was a exctement, "Come, et us go there," and so the
'Savara carred me off at nght |ust as he peased. And n the mornng my
father found that I had gone off somewhere wth the 'Savara prnce, but
feeng perfect confdence n hs affecton, he remaned master of hs feengs.
But I was conducted n course of tme by that 'Savara, who traveed
fast, to the Hmaaya, and he tended me carefuy throughout the |ourney.
And one evenng we reached that ake, and bathed, and we remaned
that one nght n the wood eatng sweet fruts. That mountan wood, n
whch the creepers strewed the ground wth fowers, and whch was charmng
wth the hum of bees, fu of bamy gaes, and wth beautfu geamng
herbs for amps, was ke the chamber of Rat to repose n durng the
nght for us two, who drank the water of the ake. Then, the next day
that maden came there, and at every step my mnd, fu of strange ongngs,
few to meet her, and her arrva was heraded by ths my rght eye,
throbbng as f through eagerness to behod her.|*| And that mad wth
ovey eyebrows was behed by me, on the back of a knotty-maned on, ke
a dgt of the moon restng n the ap of an autumn coud; and I cannot
descrbe how my heart fet at that tme whe I gazed on her, beng fu of
tumutuous emotons of astonshment, ongng, and fear; then that maden
dsmounted from the on, and gathered fowers, and after bathng n the
ake, worshpped 'Sva who dwet n the tempe on ts banks.|*| And when the
worshp was ended, that 'Savara, my frend, advanced towards her and
announcng
hmsef, bowed, and sad to her who receved hm courteousy; "Goddess,
1 have brought that frend of mne as a sutabe brdegroom for you:
f you thnk proper, I w shew hm to you ths moment." When she
heard that, she sad, "Shew hm," and that 'Savara came and took me near her
and shewed me to her. She ooked at me askance wth an eye that shed
ove, and beng overcome by Cupd's takng possesson of her sou, sad to
that cheftan of the 'Savaras; "Ths frend of yours s not a man, surey he
s some god come here to deceve me to-day: how coud a morta have such
a handsome shape?" When I heard that, I sad mysef to remove a doubt
from her mnd: "Far one, I am n very truth a morta, what s the use of
empoyng fraud aganst one so honest as yoursef, ady? For I am the son
of a merchant named Mahdhana that dwes n Vaabh, and I was ganed
* Throbbng of the rght eye n men portends unon wth the beoved,
* No doubt by offerng the fowers whch she had gathered.
-----Fe: 191.png---------------------------------------------------------
by my father by the bessng of 'Sva. For he, when performng austertes
to pease the god of the moony crest, n order that he mght obtan a son,
was thus commanded by the god n a dream beng peased wth hm; 'Rse
up, there sha sprng from thee a great-hearted son, and ths s a great
secret, what s the use of settng t forth at ength?' After hearng ths,
he woke up, and n course of tme I was born to hm as a son, and I am
known by the name of Vasudatta. And ong ago, when I went to a foregn
and, I obtaned ths 'Savara cheftan for a chosen frend, who shewed
hmsef a true heper n msfortune. Ths s a bref statement of the truth
about me." When I had sad ths I ceased; and that maden, wth her face
cast down from modesty, sad--"It s so; to-day, I know, 'Sva beng proptated
degned to te me n a dream, after I had worshpped hm,--'To-morrow
mornng thou shat obtan a husband:'--so you are my husband, and
ths frend of yours s my brother." When she had deghted me by ths
nectar-ke speech, she ceased; and after I had deberated wth her, I
determned to go to my own house wth my frend, n order that the marrage
mght be soemnzed n due form. Then that far one summoned by
a sgn of her own that on, on whch she rode, and sad to me, "Mount t,
my husband," then I, by the advce of my frend, mounted the on, and
takng that beoved one n my arms, I set out thence for my home, havng
obtaned a my ob|ects, rdng on the on wth my beoved, guded by
that frend. And vng on the fesh of the deer that he ked wth hs
arrows, we a reached n course of tme the cty of Vaabh. Then the
peope, seeng me comng aong wth my beoved, rdng on a on, beng
astonshed, ran and tod that fact qucky to my father. He too came to
meet me n hs |oy, and when he saw me dsmount from the on and fa at
hs feet, he wecomed me wth astonshment.
And when he saw that ncomparabe beauty adore hs feet, and perceved
that she was a ft wfe for me, he coud not contan hmsef for |oy.
So he entered the house, and after askng us about the crcumstances, he
made a great feast, prasng the frendshp of the 'Savara cheftan. And
the next day, by the appontment of the astroogers, I marred that exceent
maden, and a my frends and reatons assembed to wtness our weddng.
And that on, on whch my wfe had rdden, havng wtnessed the marrage,
suddeny before the eyes of a, assumed the form of a man. Then a the
bystanders
were bewdered thnkng--"What can ths mean?" But he, assumng
heaveny garments and ornaments, thus addressed me: "I am a Vdydhara
named Chtrngada, and ths maden s my daughter Manovat by name,
dearer to me than fe. I used to wander contnuay through the forest wth
her n my arms, and one day I reached the Ganges, on the banks of whch are
many ascetc groves. And as I was gong aong n the mdde of the rver, for
fear of dsturbng the ascetcs, my garand by accdent fe nto ts waters.
-----Fe: 192.png---------------------------------------------------------
Then the hermt Nrada, who was under the water suddeny rose up, and
angry because the garand had faen upon hs back, cursed me n the
foowng words: 'On account of ths nsoence, depart, wcked one, thou
shat become a on, and reparng to the Hmaya, shat carry ths daughter
upon thy back. And when thy daughter sha be taken n marrage by a
morta, then after wtnessng the ceremony, thou shat be freed from ths
curse.' After beng cursed n these words by the hermt, I became a on,
and dwet on the Hmaya carryng about ths daughter of mne, who s
devoted to the worshp of 'Sva. And you know we the seque of the
story, how by the exertons of the 'Savara cheftan ths hghy auspcous
event has been brought about. So I sha now depart; good uck to you
a! I have now reached the termnaton of that curse." Havng sad ths,
that Vdydhara mmedatey few up nto the sky. Then my father,
overwhemed wth astonshment at the marve, deghted at the egbe
connecton, and fndng that hs frends and reatons were over|oyed, made
a great feast. And there was not a snge person who dd not say wth,
astonshment, refectng agan and agan on that nobe behavour of the
'Savara cheftan--"Who can magne the actons of sncere frends, who
are not even satsfed when they have bestowed on ther sworn brothers the
gft of fe?" The kng of the and too, hearng of that occurrence, was
exceedngy peased wth the affecton whch the 'Savara prnce had shown
me, and fndng he was peased, my father gave hm a present of |ewes, and
so nduced hm mmedatey to bestow on the 'Savara a vast forest terrtory.
Then I remaned there n happness, consderng mysef to have attaned
a that heart coud wsh, n havng Manovat for a wfe, and the 'Savara
prnce for a frend. And that 'Savara cheftan generay ved n my house
fndng that he took ess peasure n dweng n hs own country than he
formery dd. And the tme of us two frends, of hm and me, was spent
n contnuay conferrng benefts upon one another wthout our ever beng
satsfed. And not ong after I had a son born to me by Manovat, who
seemed ke the heart-|oy of the whoe famy n externa vsbe form;
and beng caed Hra'nyadatta he graduay grew up, and after havng been
duy nstructed, he was marred. Then my father havng wtnessed that,
and consderng that the ob|ect of hs fe had been accompshed, beng
od, went to the Ganges wth hs wfe to eave the body. Then I was
affcted by my father's death, but havng been at ast persuaded by my
reatons to contro my feengs, I consented to uphod the burden of the
famy. And at that tme on the one hand the sght of the beautfu face
of Manovat, and on the other the socety of the 'Savara prnce deghted
me. Accordngy those days of mne passed, |oyous from the goodness of
my son, charmng from the exceence of my wfe, happy from the socety
of my frend.
-----Fe: 193.png---------------------------------------------------------
Then, n course of tme, I became we-strcken n years, and od age
sezed me by the chn, as t were out of ove gvng me ths whoesome
reproach--"Why
are you remanng n the house so ong as ths, my son?"
Then dsgust wth the word was suddeny produced n my breast, and ongng
for the forest I apponted my son n my stead. And wth my wfe I
went to the mountan of Kn|ara, together wth the kng of the |'S|avaras,
who abandoned hs kngdom out of ove to me. And when I arrved there,
I at once remembered that I had been a Vdydhara n a former state of
exstence, and that the curse I had receved from |'S|va had come to an end.
And I mmedatey tod my wfe Manovat of that, and my frend the
kng of the |'S|avaras, as I was desrous of eavng ths morta body. I
sad--"May I have ths wfe and ths frend n a future brth, and may
I remember ths brth," and then I medtated on |'S|va n my heart, and
fung mysef from that h sde, and so suddeny qutted the body together
wth that wfe and frend. And so I have been now born, as you see, n
ths Vdydhara famy, under the name of |mtavhana, wth a power
of recoectng my former exstence. And you, that prnce of the
|'S|avaras, have been aso born agan by the favour of |'S|va, as Mtrvasu
the son of V|'s|vvasu the kng of the Sddhas. And, my frend, that
Vdydhara ady, my wfe Manovat, has been agan born as your sster
Maayavat by name. So your sster s my former wfe, and you were my
frend n a former state of exstence, therefore t s qute proper that I
shoud marry her. But frst go and te ths to my parents, for f the
matter s referred to them, your desre w be successfuy accompshed.
When Mtrvasu heard ths from |mtavhana, he was peased, and he
went and tod a that to the parents of |mtavhana. And when they
receved hs proposa gady, he was peased, and went and tod that same
matter to hs own parents. And they were deghted at the accompshment
of ther desre, and so the prnce qucky prepared for the marrage
of hs sster. Then |mtavhana, honoured by the kng of the Sddhas,
receved accordng to usage the hand of Maayavat. And there was a
great festva, n whch the heaveny mnstres busted about, the dense
crowd of the Sddhas assembed, and whch was envened by boundng
Vdydharas. Then |mtavhana was marred, and remaned on that
Maaya mountan wth hs wfe n very great prosperty. And once on a
tme he went wth hs brother-n-aw Mtrvasu to behod the woods on
the shore of the sea. And there he saw a young man come n an agtated
state, sendng away hs mother, who kept excamng "Aas! my son!"
And another man, who seemed to be a soder, foowng hm, conducted
hm to a broad and hgh sab of rock and eft hm there. |mtavhana
sad to hm: "Who are you? What are you about to do, and
-----Fe: 194.png---------------------------------------------------------
why does your mother weep for you?" Then the man tod hm hs
story.
"Long ago Kadr and Vnat, the two wves of Ka'syapa, had a dspute
n the course of a conversaton whch they were carryng on. The former
sad that the Sun's horses were back, the atter that they were whte, and
they made an agreement that the one that was wrong shoud become a
save to the other.|*| Then Kadr, bent on wnnng, actuay nduced her
sons, the snakes, to defe the horses of the Sun by spttng venom over
them; and shewng them to Vnat n that condton, she conquered her
by a trck and made her her save: terrbe s the spte of women aganst
each other! When Garud.a the son of Vnat heard of that, he came and
tred to nduce Kadr by far means to reease Vnat from her savery;
then the snakes, the sons of Kadr, refectng, sad ths to hm; " O Garud.a,
the gods have began to churn the sea of mk, brng the nectar thence and
gve t to us as a substtute, and then take your mother away wth you,
for you are the chef of heroes.' When Garud.a heard that, he went to the
sea of mk, and dspayed hs great mght n order to obtan the nectar.
Then the god Vshn.u peased wth hs mght degned to say to hm, 'I
am peased wth thee, choose some boon.' Then Garud.a, angry because hs
mother was made a save, asked as a boon from Vshn.u--'May the snakes
become my food.' Vshn.u consented, and when Garud.a had obtaned the
nectar by hs own vaour, he was thus addressed by Indra who had heard the
whoe story: 'Kng of brds, you must take steps to prevent the foosh
snakes from consumng the nectar, and to enabe me to take t away from
them agan.' When Garud.a heard that, he agreed to do t, and eated by
the boon of Vshn.u, he went to the snakes wth the vesse contanng the
nectar.
And he sad from a dstance to those foosh snakes, who were terrfed
on account of the boon granted to hm, "Here s the nectar brought by me,
reease my mother and take t; f you are afrad, I w put t for you on a bed
of Darbha grass. When I have procured my mother's reease, I w go;
take the nectar thence." The snakes consented, and then he put the vesse of
nectar on a pure bed of Ku'sa grass, |*| and they et hs mother go. So
Garud.a departed, havng thus reeased hs mother from savery; but whe
the snakes were unsuspectngy takng the nectar, Indra suddeny swooped
down, and bewderng them by hs power, carred off the vesse of nectar
from the bed of Ku'sa grass. Then the snakes n despar cked that bed of
Darbha grass, thnkng there mght be a drop of spt nectar on t; the
effect was that ther tongues were spt, and they became doube-tongued
* Lke the two physcans n Gesta Romanorum, LXXVI.
* A pecuary sacred knd of Darbha grass.
-----Fe: 195.png---------------------------------------------------------
for nothng. What but rdcue can ever be the porton of the over-greedy?
Then the snakes dd not obtan the nectar of mmortaty, and ther enemy
Garud.a, on the strength of Vshn.u's boon, began to swoop down and devour
them. And ths he dd agan and agan. And whe he was thus attackng
them, the snakes|*| n Pta were dead wth fear, the femaes mscarred, and
the whoe serpent race was we-ngh destroyed. And Vsuk the kng of
the snakes, seeng hm there every day, consdered that the serpent word
was runed at one bow: then, after refectng, he preferred a petton to
that Garud.a of rresstbe mght, and made ths agreement wth hm--"I
w send you every day one snake to eat, O kng of brds, on the h that
rses out of the sand of the sea. But you must not act so fooshy as to
enter Pta, for by the destructon of the serpent word your own ob|ect
w be batted." When Vsuk sad ths to hm, Garud.a consented, and
began to eat every day n ths pace one snake sent by hm: and n ths way
nnumerabe serpents have met ther death here. But I am a snake caed
'Sankaehda,|*| and t s my turn to-day: for that reason I have to-day, by
the command of the kng of the snakes, n order to furnsh a mea to Garud.a,
come to ths rock of executon, and to be amented by my mother."
When |mtavhana heard ths speech of 'Sankaehda's, he was greved,
and fet sorrow n hs heart and sad to hm, "Aas! Vsuk exercses
hs kngy power n a very cowardy fashon, n that wth hs own hand he
conducts hs sub|ects to serve as food for hs enemy. Why dd he not
frst offer hmsef to Garud.a? To thnk of ths effemnate creature choosng
to wtness the destructon of hs race! And how great a sn does Garud.a,
though the son of Ka'syapa, commt! How great foy do even great ones
commt for the sake of the body ony! So I w to-day dever you aone
from Garud.a by surrenderng my body. Do not be despondent, my frend."
When 'Sankaehda heard ths, he out of hs frm patence sad to hm,--"Ths
be far from thee, O great-hearted one, do not say so agan. The destructon
of a |ewe for the sake of a pece of gass s never becomng. And I
w never ncur the reproach of havng dsgraced my race." In these words
the good snake 'Sankaehda tred to dssuade |mtavhana, and thnkng
that the tme of Garud.a's arrva woud come n a moment, he went to
worshp n hs ast hour an mage of 'Sva under the name of Gokarn.a, that
* R|a s a strped snake, sad to be the same as the d.un.d.ubha a non-
venomous
speces.
* The remarks whch Raston makes (Russan Fok-taes, page 65) wth regard to
the snake as represented n Russan stores, are appcabe to the Naga of
Hndu superstton;
"Sometmes he retans throughout the story an excusvey reptan character,
sometmes he s of a mxed nature, party serpent and party man." The snakes
descrbed n Woekenstedt's Wendsche Sagen, (pp. 402--409,) resembe n
some ponts
the snakes whch we hear so much of n the present work.
-----Fe: 196.png---------------------------------------------------------
stood on the shore of the sea. And when he was gone, |mtavhana, that
treasure-house of compasson, consdered that he had ganed an opportunty
of offerng hmsef up to save the snake's fe. Thereupon he qucky dsmssed
Mtrvasu to hs own house on the pretext of some busness, artfuy
pretendng that he hmsef had forgotten t. And mmedatey the earth
near hm trembed, beng shaken by the wnd of the wngs of the approachng
Garud.a, as f through astonshment at hs vaour. That made |mtavhana
thnk that the enemy of the snakes was approachng, and fu of
compasson for others he ascended the stone of executon. And n a
moment Garud.a swooped down, darkenng the heaven wth hs shadow, and
carred off that great-hearted one, strkng hm wth hs beak. He shed
drops of bood, and hs crest-|ewe dropped off torn out by Garud.a, who
took hm away and began to eat hm on the peak of the mountan. At
that moment a ran of fowers fe from heaven, and Garud.a was astonshed
when he saw t, wonderng what t coud mean.
In the meanwhe 'Sankachda came there, havng worshpped Gokarn.a,
and saw the rock of executon sprnked wth many drops of bood; then
he thought--"Aas! surey that great-hearted one has offered hmsef for
me, so I wonder where Garud.a has taken hm n ths short tme. I must
search for hm qucky, perhaps I may fnd hm." Accordngy the good
snake went foowng up the track of the bood. And n the meanwhe
Garud.a, seeng that |mtavhana was peased, eft off eatng and thought
wth wonder: "Ths must be some one ese, other than I ought to have taken,
for though I am eatng hm, he s not at a mserabe, on the contrary the
resoute one re|oces." Whe Garud.a was thnkng ths, |mtavhana,
though n such a state, sad to hm n order to attan hs ob|ect: "O kng
of brds, n my body aso there s fesh and bood; then why have you
suddeny stopped eatng, though your hunger s not appeased?" When he
heard that, that kng of brds, beng overpowered wth astonshment, sad
to hm--"Nobe one, you are not a snake, te me who you are." |mtavhana
was |ust answerng hm, "I am a snake,|*| so eat me, compete what
you have begun, for men of resouton never eave unfnshed an undertakng
they have begun," when 'Sankachda arrved and cred out from afar,
"Stop, stop, Garud.a, he s not a snake, I am the snake meant for you,
so et hm go, aas! how have you suddeny come to make ths mstake?"
On hearng that, the kng of brds was excessvey bewdered, and
|mtavhana
was greved at not havng accompshed hs desre. Then Garud.a,
earnng, n the course of ther conversaton|*| wth one another, that he had
* The word nga, whch means snake, may aso mean, as Dr. Brockhaus
expans t,
a mountaneer from naga a mountan.
* I con|ecture kramd for kraudat. If we retan krandat we must suppose that
the kng of the Vdydharas wept because hs scheme of sef-sacrfce was
frustrated.
-----Fe: 197.png---------------------------------------------------------
began to devour by mstake the kng of the Vdydharas, was much
greved. He began to refect, "Aas! n my cruety I have ncurred sn.
In truth those who foow ev courses easy contract gut. But ths great-
hearted
one who has gven hs fe for another, and despsng* the word,
whch s atogether under the domnon of uson, come to face me, deserves
prase." Thnkng thus, he was about to enter the fre to purfy
hmsef from gut, when |mtavhana sad to hm: "Kng of brds, why
do you despond? If you are reay afrad of gut, then you must determne
never agan to eat these snakes: and you must repent of eatng a
those prevousy devoured, for ths s the ony remedy avaabe n ths ease,
t was de for you ever to thnk of any other." Thus |mtavhana, fu of
compasson for creatures, sad to Garu|d.|a, and he was peased and accepted
the
advce of that kng, as f he bad been hs sprtua preceptor, determnng to
do what he recommended; and he went to brng nectar from heaven to restore
to fe rapdy that wounded prnce, and the other snakes, whose bones ony
remaned. Then the goddess Gaur, peased wth |mtavhana's wfe's
devoton to her, came n person and raned nectar on hm: by that hs
mbs were reproduced wth ncreased beauty, and the sound of the drums
of the re|ocng gods was heard at the same tme. Then, on hs rsng up
safe and sound, Garu|d.|a brought the nectar of mmortaty** from heaven,
and sprnked t aong the whoe shore of the sea. That made a the
snakes there rse up ave, and then that forest aong the shore of the sea,
crowded wth the numerous trbe of snakes, appeared ke Pta*** come
to behod |mtavhana, havng ost ts prevous dread of Garu|d.|a. Then
|mtavhana's reatons congratuated hm, havng seen that he was gorous
wth unwounded body and undyng fame. And hs wfe re|oced wth
her reatons, and hs parents aso. Who woud not |oy at pan endng n
happness? And wth hs permsson |'S|ankach|d.|a departed to Rastaa,****
and wthout t hs gory, of ts own accord, spread through the three words.
Then, by vrtue of the favour of the daughter of the Hmaya a hs
reatons, Matanga and others, who were ong hoste to hm, came to
Garu|d.|a, before whom the troops of gods were ncnng out of ove, and
tmdy approachng the gory of the Vdydhara race, prostrated themseve-*
* I read adha|h.| for ada|h.|.
** In the Scan stores of the Sgnora von Gonzenbach an ontment docs duty
for the am|r.|ta, cp. for one nstance out of many, page 145 of that work,
Raston remarks
that n European stores the raven s connected wth the Water of Lfe. See
hs exhaustve account of ths cyce of stores on pages 231 and 232 of hs
Russan Foktaes.
See aso Veekenstedt's Wendsehe Sagen, p. 245, and the story whch begns
on page 227.
*** The home of the serpent race beow the earth.
**** Here equvaent to Pta.
-----Fe: 198.png---------------------------------------------------------
at hs feet. And beng entreated by them, the benevoent |mtavahna went
from that Maaya mountan to hs own home, the sope of the Hmaya.
There, accompaned by hs parents and Mtrvasu and Maayavat, the
resoute one ong en|oyed the honour of emperor of the Vdydharas.
Thus a course of fortunate events aways of ts own accord foows the
footsteps of a those, whoso expots arouse the admraton of the three
words. When the queen Vsavadatt heard ths story from the mouth of
Yaugandharyana, she re|oced, as she was eager to hear of the spendour
of her unborn son. Then, n the socety of her husband, she spent that
day n conversaton about her son, who was to be the future kng of the
Vdydharas, whch was suggested by that story, for she paced unfang
reance upon the promse of the favourng gods.
CHAPTER XXIII.
Then Vsavadatt on the next day sad to the kng of Vatsa n prvate,
whe he was surrounded by hs mnsters;--"My husband, ever snce I
have been pregnant wth ths chd, the dffcut duty of takng care of t
affcts my heart; and ast nght, after thnkng over t ong, I fe aseep
wth dffcuty, and I am persuaded I saw a certan man come n my dream,
gorous wth a shape dstngushed by matted auburn ocks and a trdent-
bearng
hand; and he approachng me, sad as f moved by compasson,--'My
daughter, you need not fee at a anxous about the chd wth whch,
you are pregnant, I w protect t, for I gave t to you. And hear somethng
more, whch I w te you to make you confde n me; a certan
woman wats to make a petton to you to-morrow, she w come draggng
her husband wth her as a prsoner, revng hm, accompaned by fve sons,
begrt wth many reatons: and she s a wcked woman who desres by
the hep of her reatons to get that husband of hers put to death, and a
that she w say w be fase. And you, my daughter, must beforehand
nform the kng of Vatsa about ths matter, n order that that good man
may be freed from that wcked wfe.' Ths command that august one
gave and vanshed, and I mmedatey woke up, and o! the mornng had
come." When the queen had sad that, a spoke of the favour of S'va,
and were astonshed, ther mnds eagery expectng the fufment of the
dream; when o! at that very moment the chef warder entered, and
suddeny sad to the kng of Vatsa, who was compassonate to the affcted,
"O kng, a certan woman has come to make a representaton, accompaned
by her reatons, brngng wth her fve sons, revng her hepess husband."
-----Fe: 199.png---------------------------------------------------------
When the kng heard that, beng astomshed at the way t taed wth the
queen's dream, he commanded the warder to brng her nto hs presence.
And the queen Vsavadatt fet the greatest deght, havng become certan
that she woud obtan a good son, on account of the truth of the dream.
Then that woman entered by the command of the warder, accompaned by
her husband, ooked at wth curosty by a, who had ther faces turned
towards the door. Then, havng entered, she assumed an expresson of
msery, and makng a bow accordng to rue, she addressed the kng n
counc accompaned by the queen: "Ths man, though he s my husband,
does not gve to me, hepess woman that I am, food, rament, and
other necessares, and yet I am free from bame wth respect to hm."
When she had sad ths, her husband peaded--"Kng, ths woman
speaks fasey, supported by her reatons, for she wshes me to be put to
death. For I have gven her suppes beforehand to ast t the end of
the year, and other reatons of hers, who are mparta, are prepared to
wtness the truth of ths for me." When he had sad ths to the kng, the
kng of hs own accord answered: "The trdent-bearng god hmsef has
gven evdence n ths case, appearng to the queen n a dream. What need
have we of more wtnesses? Ths woman wth her reatons must be punshed."
When the kng had devered ths |udgment, the dscreet Yaugandharyana
sad, "Nevertheess, kng, we must do what s rght n accordance wth
the evdence of wtnesses, otherwse the peope, not knowng of the dream,
woud n no wse beeve n tho |ustce of our proceedngs." When
the kng heard that, he consented and had the wtnesses summoned
that moment, and they, beng asked, deposed that that woman was speakng
fasey. Then the kng banshed her, as she was pottng aganst one we
known to be a good husband, from hs terrtory, wth her reatons and her
sons. And wth heart metng from pty he dscharged her good husband,
after gvng hm much treasure suffcent for another marrage. And n
connexon wth the whoe affar the kng remarked,--"An ev wfe, of
wdy* crue nature, tears her st vng husband ke a she-wof, when he
has faen nto the pt of caamty; but an affectonate, nobe, and magnanmous
wfe averts sorrow as the shade of the waysde-tree averts heat, and s
acqured by a man's speca merts." Then Vasantaka, who was a cever
story-teer, beng at the kng's sde, sad to hm <> propos</> of ths:
"Moreover,
kng, hatred and affecton are commony produced n vng bengs n
ths word owng to ther contnuay recang the mpressons of a past
state of exstence, and n proof of ths, hear the story whch I am about to
te."
* Hero there s a pun: <>kua</> may aso mean "by descent.
t Kun may mean fang on the earth, referrng to the shade of the tree.
Mrgasth
means "n the rght path" when apped to the wfe.
-----Fe: 200.png---------------------------------------------------------
Story of Snhaparkrama.
There was a kng n Benares
named Vkranachanda, and he had
favourte foower named Snhaparkrama; who was wonderfuy successfu
n a battes and n a gambng contests. And he had a wfe very
deformed both n body and mnd, caed by a name, whch expressed her
nature, Kaahakr.* Ths brave man contnuay obtaned much money
both from the kng and from gambng, and, as soon as he got t, he gave t
a to hs wfe. But the shrewsh woman, backed by her three sons begotten
by hm, coud not n spte of ths reman one moment wthout a quarre.
She contnuay worred hm by yeng out these words at hm wth
her sons--"You are aways eatng and drnkng away from home, and you
never gve us anythng." And though he was for ever tryng to proptate
her wth meat, drnk, and rament, she tortured hm day and nght ke an
ntermnabe thrst. Then, at ast, Snhaparkrama vexed wth ndgnaton
on that account, eft hs house, and went on a pgrmage to the goddess
Durg that dwes n the Vndhya hs. Whe he was fastng, the goddess
sad to hm n a dream: "Rse up, my son, go to thy own cty of Benares;
there s an enormous <>nyagrodha</> tree, by dggng round ts root
thou wt at once obtan a treasure. And n the treasure thou wt fnd a
dsh of emerad, brght as a sword-bade, ookng ke a pece of the sky
faen down to earth; castng thy eyes on that, thou wt see, as t were,
refected nsde, the prevous exstence of every ndvdua, n whatever case
thou mayest wsh to know t. By means of that thou wt earn the prevous
brth of thy wfe and of thysef, and havng earned the truth wt
dwe there n happness free from gref." Havng thus been addressed by the
goddess, Snhaparkrama woke up and broke hs fast, and went n the
mornng to Benares; and after he had reached the cty, he found at the
root of the <>nyagrodha</> tree a treasure, and n t he dscovered a arge
emerad dsh, and, eager to earn the truth, he saw n that dsh that n a
prevous brth hs wfe had been a terrbe she-bear, and hmsef a on.
And so recognsng that the hatred between hmsef and hs wfe was
rremedabe owng to the nfuence of btter enmty n a prevous brth, he
abandoned gref and bewderment. Then Snhaparkrama examned many
madens by means of the dsh, and dscoverng that they had beonged to
aen races n a prevous brth, he avoded them, but after he had dscovered
one, who had been a oness n a prevous brth and so was a sutabe match
for hm, he marred her as hs second wfe, and her name was Snhasr. And
after assgnng to that Kaahakr one vage ony as her porton, he ved,
deghted wth the acquston of treasure, n the socety of hs new wfe.
Thus, O kng, wves and others are frendy or hoste to men n ths word
by vrtue of mpressons n a prevous state of exstence.
* I. e. Madam Contentous. Her husband's name means "of on-ke mght."
-----Fe: 201.png---------------------------------------------------------
When the kng of Vatsa had heard ths wonderfu story from Vasantaka,
he was exceedngy deghted and so was the queen Vsavadatt. And
the kng was never weary day or nght of contempatng the moon-ke face
of the pregnant queen. And as days went on, there were born to a of hs
mnsters n due course sons wth auspcous marks, who heraded approachng
good fortune. Frst there was born to Yaugandharya|n.|a, the chef mnster,
a son Marubht by name. Then Ruma|n.|vat had a son caed Har|'s|kha,
and to Vasantaka there was born a son named Tapantaka. And to the
head-warder caed Ntyodta, whose other tte was Ityaka,|*| there was born
a son named Gomukha. And after they were born a great feast took pace,
and durng t a bodess voce was heard from heaven--"These mnsters
sha crush the race of the enemes of the son of the kng of Vatsa here,
the future unversa emperor. And as days went by, the tme drew near
for the brth of the chd, wth whch the queen Vsavadatt was destned
to present the kng of Vatsa, and she repared to the ornamented yng-n-
chamber,
whch was prepared by matrons havng sons, and the wndows of
whch were covered wth arka and |'s|am pants. The room was hung wth
varous weapons, rendered auspcous by beng mxed wth the geam of
|ewe-amps, sheddng a baze|*| abe to protect the chd; and secured by
con|urers who went through nnumerabe charms and spes and other
ncantatons,
so that t became a fortress of the matrons hard for caamty
to storm, and there she brought forth n good tme a prnce of ovey aspect,
as the heaven brngs forth the moon from whch stream pure nectarous
rays. The chd, when born, not ony rradated that room, but the
heart aso of that mother from whch the darkness of gref had departed;
then, as the deght of the nmates of the harem was graduay extended,
the kng heard of the brth of a son from the peope who were admtted to
t; the reason he dd not gve hs kngdom n hs deght to the person,
who announced t, was, that he was afrad of commttng an mproprety,
not that he was avarcous. And so the kng, suddeny comng to the
harem wth ongng mnd, behed hs son, and hs hope bore frut after a
ong deay. The chd had a ong red ower p ke a eaf, beautfu fowng
har ke woo, and hs whoe face was ke the otus, whch the goddess
of the Fortune of empre carres for her deght. He was marked on hs
soft feet wth umbreas and chowres, as f the Fortunes of other kngs
had beforehand abandoned ther badges n hs favour, out of fear. Then,
whe the kng shed wth tearfu eye, that sweed wth the pressure of the
funess of the weght of hs |oy, drops that seemed to be drops of paterna
* I read (after Bhtngk and Roth) Ityakpara. See Chapter 34. s' . 115.
|*| Te|as=aso means mght, courage.
-----Fe: 202.png---------------------------------------------------------
affecton,|*| and the mnsters wth Yaugandharyana at ther head re|oced,
a voce was heard from heaven at that tme to the foowng effect:
"Kng, ths son that s born to thee s an ncarnaton of Kma,|*| and
know that hs name s Naravhanadatta; and he w soon become emperor
of the kngs of the Vdydharas, and mantan that poston unweared for
a kapa of the gods."|*| When so much had been sad, the voce stopped,
and mmedatey a ran of fowers fe from heaven, and the sounds of the
ceesta drums went forth. Then the kng, excessvey deghted, made a
great feast, whch was rendered a the more soemn from the gods havng
begun t. The sound of cymbas foated n the ar rsng from tempes,
as f to te a the Vdydharas of the brth of ther kng; and red banners,
fyng n the wnd on the tops of the paaces, seemed wth ther spendour
to fng red dye to one another. On earth beautfu women assembed
and danced everywhere, as f they were the nymphs of heaven gad that the
god of ove had been born wth a body.|*| And the whoe cty appeared
equay spendd wth new dresses and ornaments bestowed by the re|ocng
kng. For whe that rch kng raned rches upon hs dependants, nothng
but the treasury was empty. And the ades beongng to the fames of
the neghbourng cheftans came n from a sdes, wth auspcous prayers,
versed n the good custom,|*| accompaned by dancng grs, brngng wth
them spendd presents, escorted by varous exceent guards, attended wth
the sound of musca nstruments, ke a the cardna ponts n body
form. Every movement there was of the nature of a dance, every word
uttered was attended wth fu vesses,|*| every acton was of the nature of
munfcence, the cty resounded wth musca nstruments, the peope were
adorned wth red powder, and the earth was covered wth bards,--a these
thngs were so n that cty whch was a fu of festvty. Thus the great
feast was carred on wth ncreasng magnfcence for many days, and dd not
come to an end before the wshes of the ctzens were fuy satsfed. And
as days went on, that nfant prnce grew ke the new moon, and hs father
bestowed on hm wth approprate formates the name of Naravhanadatta,
* Sneha whch means ove, aso means o. Ths s a frutfu source of puns n
Sanskrt.
* The Hndu Cupd.
* Infntey onger than a morta kapa. A morta kapa asts 432 mon
years.
* He s often caed Ananga, the bodess, as hs body was consumed by the fre
of |'S|va's eye.
* Or vrtuous and generous.
* It s st the custom to gve presents of vesses fed wth rce and cons.
Empty
vesses are nauspcous, and even now f a Benga on gong out of hs house
meets a person carryng an empty ptcher, he turns back, and wats a mnute
or two.
-----Fe: 203.png---------------------------------------------------------
whch had been prevousy assgned hm by the heaveny voce. Hs father
was deghted when he saw hm make hs frst two or three totterng steps,
n whch geamed the sheen of hs smooth far toe-nas, and when he heard
hm utter hs frst two or three ndstnct words, shewng hs teeth whch
ooked ke buds. Then the exceent mnsters brought to the nfant
prnce ther nfant sons, who deghted the heart of the kng, and commended
them to hm. Frst Yaugandharyana brought Marubht, and
then Ruma|n.|vat Har|'s|kha, and then the head-warder named Ityaka brought
Gomukha, and Vasantaka hs son named Tapantaka. And the domestc
chapan |'S|ntkara presented the two twn sons of Pngak, hs nephews
|'S|ntsoma and Va|'s|vnara. And at that moment there fe from heaven
a ran of fowers from the gods, whch a shout of |oy made a the more
auspcous, and the kng re|oced wth the queens, havng bestowed presents
on that company of mnsters' sons. And that prnce Naravhanadatta
was aways surrounded by those sx mnsters' sons devoted to hm aone
who commanded respect even n ther boyhood,|*| as f wth the sx potca
measures that are the cause of great prosperty. The days of the
ord of Vatsa passed n great happness, whe he gazed affectonatey on
hs son wth hs smng otus-ke face, gong from ap to ap of the kngs
whose mnds were ovngy attached to hm, and makng n hs mrth a
charmng ndstnct payfu prattng.
* Peace, war, march, hat, stratagem and recourse to the protecton of a
mghter
kng.
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|Bank Page|
-----Fe: 205.png---------------------------------------------------------
BOOK V.
CHAPTER XXIV.
May Gane|'s|a, pantng the earth wth mosac by means of the partces
of red ead fyng from hs trunk whred round n hs madness,|*| and so, as
t were, burnng up obstaces wth the fames of hs mght, protect you.
Thus the kng of Vatsa and hs queen remaned engaged n brngng
up ther ony son Naravhanadatta, and once on a tme the mnster
Yaugandharyana,
seeng the kng anxous about takng care of hm, sad to hm
as he was aone,--"Kng, you must never fee any anxety now about the
prnce Naravhanadatta, for he has been created by the adorabe god |'S|va
n your house as the future emperor over the kngs of the Vdydharas;
and by ther dvne power the kngs of the Vdydharas have found ths
out, and meanng mschef have become troubed, unabe n ther hearts to
endure t; and knowng ths, the god wth the moon-crest has apponted
a prnce of the Ga|n.|as,|*| Stambhaka by name, to protect hm. And he
remans
here nvsbe, protectng ths son of yours, and Nrada comng
swfty nformed me of ths." Whe the mnster was utterng these
words, there descended from the mdst of the ar a dvne man wearng a
dadem and a braceet, and armed wth a sword. He bowed, and then the
kng of Vatsa, after wecomng hm, mmedatey asked hm wth curosty:
"Who are you, and what s your errand here?" He sad, "I was once a
morta, but I have now become a kng of the Vdydharas, named |'S|aktvega
and I have many enemes. I have found out by my power that your son s
destned to be our emperor, and I have come to see hm, O kng." When
|'S|aktvega, over-awed at the sght of hs future emperor, had sad ths, the
kng of Vatsa was peased and agan asked hm n hs astonshment, "How
can the rank of a Vdydhara be attaned, and of what nature s t, and
how dd you obtan t? Te me ths, my frend." When he heard ths
speech of the kng's, that Vdydhara |'S|aktvega courteousy bowng,
answered
hm thus, "O kng, resoute sous havng proptated |'S|va ether
* The eephant-headed god has hs trunk panted wth red ead ke a tame
eephant,
and s aso abe to become mast.
* Foowers and attendants upon |'S|va.
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n ths or n a former brth, obtan by hs favour the rank of Vdydhara.
And that rank, denoted by the nsgna of supernatura knowedge, of
sword, garand and so on, s of varous knds, but sten! I w te you how
I obtaned t. Havng sad ths, |'S|aktvega tod the foowng story, reatng
to hmsef, n the presence of the queen Vsavadatt.
Story of |'S|aktvega kng of the Vdydharas.
There ved ong ago n a cty
caed Vardhamna,|*| the ornament
of the earth, a kng the terror of hs foes, caed Paropakrn. And ths
exated monarch possessed a queen of the name of Kanakaprabh,|*| as the
coud hods the ghtnng, but she had not the fckeness of the ghtnng.
And n course of tme there was born to hm by that queen a daughter,
who seemed to have been formed by the Creator to dash Lakshm's prde
n her beauty. And that moon of the eyes of the word was graduay
reared to womanhood by her father, who gave her the name of Kanakarekh
suggested by her mother's name Kanakaprabh. Once on a tme, when she
had grown up, the kng, her father, sad to the queen Kanakaprabh, who
came to hm n secret: "A grown up daughter cannot be kept n one's house,
accordngy Kanakarekh troubes my heart wth anxety about a sutabe
marrage for her. For a maden of good famy, who does not obtan a
proper poston, s ke a song out of tune; when heard of by the ears even
of one unconnected wth her, she causes dstress. But a daughter, who
through foy s made over to one not sutabe, s ke earnng mparted to
one not ft to receve t, and cannot tend to gory or mert but ony to
regret. So I am very anxous as to what kng I must gve ths daughter
of mne to, and who w be a ft match for her." When Kanakaprabh
heard ths, she aughed and sad,--"You say ths, but your daughter does
not wsh to be marred; for to-day when she was payng wth a do and
makng beeve t was a chd, I sad to her n fun, 'My daughter, when sha
I see you marred?' When she heard that, she answered me reproachfuy:
'Do not say so, you must not marry me to any one; and my separaton from
you s not apponted, I do we enough as a maden, but f I am marred,
know that I sha be a corpse; there s a certan reason for ths.' As she
has sad ths to me I have come to you, O kng, n a state of dstress;
for, as she has refused to be marred, what use s there n deberatng about
a brdegroom?" When the kng heard ths from the queen, he was bewdered,
and gong to the prvate apartments of the prncess he sad to
hs daughter: "When the madens of the gods and Asuras practse austertes
n order to obtan a husband, why, my daughter, do you refuse to take one?'
When the prncess Kanakarekh heard ths speech of her father's, she fxed
her eyes on the ground and sad, Father, I do not desre to be marred at
present, so what ob|ect has my father n t, and why does he nsst
* The modern Burdwan.
*I.e. God-geam.
-----Fe: 207.png---------------------------------------------------------
upon t?" That kng Paropakrn, when hs daughter addressed hm
n that way, beng the dscreetest of men, thus answered her: "How
can sn be avoded uness a daughter s gven n marrage? And ndependence
s not ft for a maden who ought to be n dependence on
reatons? For a daughter n truth s born for the sake of another
and s kept for hm. The house of her father s not a ft pace for
her except n chdhood. For f a daughter reaches puberty unmarred,
her reatons go to he, and she s an outcast, and her brdegroom s caed
the husband of an outcast." When her father sad ths to her, the prncess
Kanakarekh mmedatey uttered a speech that was n her mnd, "Father,
f ths s so, then whatever Brhman or Kshatrya has succeeded n seeng
the cty caed the Goden Cty, to hm I must be gven, and he sha be my
husband, and f none such s found, you must not un|usty reproach me."
When hs daughter sad that to hm, that kng refected: "It s a good
thng at any rate that she has agreed to be marred on a certan condton,
and no doubt she s some goddess born n my house for a speca reason,
for ese how comes she to know so much though she s a chd?" Such were
the kng's refectons at that tme: so he sad to hs daughter, "I w do
as you wsh," and then he rose up and dd hs day's work. And on the next
day, as he was sttng n the ha of audence, he sad to hs courters,
"Has any one among you seen the cty caed the Goden Cty? Whoever
has seen t, f he be a Brhman or a Kshatrya, I w gve hm my daughter
Kanakarekh, and make hm crown-prnce." And they a, ookng at one
another's faces, sad, "We have not even heard of t, much ess have we
seen t. Then the kng summoned the warder and sad to hm, "Go and
cause a procamaton to be crcuated n the whoe of ths town wth the
beatng of drums, and fnd out f any one has reay seen that cty." When
the warder receved ths order, he sad, "I w do so," and went out; and
after he had gone out, he mmedatey gave orders to the poce, and caused
a drum to be beaten a round the cty, thus arousng curosty to hear the
procamaton, whch ran as foows: "Whatever Brhman or Kshatrya
youth has seen the cty caed the Goden Cty, et hm speak, and the kng
w gve hm hs daughter and the rank of crown-prnce." Such was the
astoundng announcement procamed a about the town after the drum
had been beaten. And the ctzens sad, after hearng that procamaton:
"What s ths Goden Cty that s to-day procamed n our town, whch has
never been heard of or seen even by those among us who are od?" But not
a snge one among them sad, "I have seen t."
And n the meanwhe a Brhman vng n that town, |'S|aktdeva by
name, the son of Baadeva, heard that procamaton; that youth, beng
addcted to vce, had been rapdy strpped of hs weath at the gamng-tabe,
and he refected, beng excted by hearng of the gvng n marrage
-----Fe: 208.png---------------------------------------------------------
of the kng's daughter: "As I have ost a my weath by gambng, I
cannot now enter the house of my father, nor even the house of a hetra,
so, as I have no resource, t s better for me to assert fasey to those who
are makng the procamaton by beat of drum, that I have seen that cty.
Who w dscover that I know nothng about t, for who has ever seen t?
And n ths way I may perhaps marry the prncess." Thus refectng |'S|aktdeva
went to the poce, and sad fasey, "I have seen that cty." They
mmedatey sad to hm, "Bravo! then come wth us to the kng's
warder." So he went wth them to the warder. And n the same
way he fasey asserted to hm that he had seen that cty, and
he wecomed hm kndy, and took hm to the kng. And wthout
waverng he mantaned the very same story n the presence of the kng:
what ndeed s dffcut for a backeg to do who s runed by pay? Then
the kng, n order to ascertan the truth, sent that Brhman to hs daughter
Kanakarekh, and when she heard of the matter from the mouth of the
warder, and the Brhman came near, she asked hm: "Have you seen that
Goden Cty?" Then he answered her, "Yes, that cty was seen by me
when I was roamng through the earth n quest of knowedge."|*| She
next asked hm, "By what road dd you go there, and what s t ke?"
That Brhman then went on to say: "From ths pace I went to a town
caed Harapura, and from that I next came to the cty of Benares; and
from Benares n a few days to the cty of Paun|d.|ravardhana, thence I went to
that cty caed the Goden Cty, and I saw t, a pace of en|oyment for
those who act arght, ke the cty of Indra, the gory of whch s made for
the deght of gods.|*| And havng acqured earnng there, I returned
here after some tme; such s the path by whch I went, and such s that
cty." After that frauduent Brhman |'S|aktdeva had made up ths story,
the prncess sad wth a augh;--"Great Brhman, you have ndeed seen
that cty, but te me, te me agan by what path you went." When |'S|aktdeva
heard that, he agan dspayed hs effrontery, and then the prncess
had hm put out by her servants. And mmedatey after puttng hm out,
she went to her father, and her father asked her: "Dd that Brhman speak
the truth?"--And then the prncess sad to her father: "Though you are
a kng you act wthout due consderaton; do you not know that rogues
deceve honest peope? For that Brhman smpy wants to mpose on me
wth a fasehood, but the ar has never seen the goden cty. And a
knds of deceptons are practsed on the earth by rogues; for sten to the
* For an account of the wander|ahre of young Brhman students, see Dr.
Bher's
ntroducton to the Vkramnkadevacharta.
* More teray--Those whose eyes do not wnk. The epthet aso means "worthy
of beng regarded wth unwnkng eyes." No doubt ths ambguty s ntended.
-----Fe: 209.png---------------------------------------------------------
story of |'S|va and Mdhava, whch I w te you." Havng sad ths, the
prncess tod the foowng tae:
Story of |'S|va and Mdhava.
There s an exceent cty rghty
named Ratnapura,|*| and n t
there were two rogues named |'S|va and Mdhava. Surroundng themseves
wth many other rogues, they contrved for a ong tme to rob, by makng
use of trckery, a the rch men n the town. And one day those two deberated
together and sad--"We have managed by ths tme to punder ths
town thoroughy; so et us now go and ve n the cty of U||ayn; there
we hear that there s a very rch man named |'S|ankarasvmn, who s chapan
to the kng. If we cheat hm out of hs money we may thereby en|oy
the charms of the ades of Mava. He s spoken of by Brhmans as a
mser, because he wthhods|*| haf ther usua fee wth a frownng face,
though he possesses treasure enough to f seven vesses; and that Brhman
has a pear of a daughter spoken of as matchess, we w manage to
get her too out of hm aong wth the money." Havng thus determned,
and havng arranged beforehand what part each was to pay, the two rogues
|'S|va and Mdhava went out of that town. At ast they reached U||ayn, and
Mdhava, wth hs attendants, dsgused as a R|pt, remaned n a certan
vage outsde the town. But |'S|va, who was expert n every knd of decepton,
havng assumed perfecty the dsguse of a regous ascetc, frst
entered that town aone. There he took up hs quarters n a hut on the
banks of the Spr, n whch he paced, so that they coud be seen, cay,
darbha grass, a vesse for beggng, and a deer-skn. And n the mornng
he anonted hs body wth thck cay, as f testng beforehand hs destned
smearng wth the mud of the he Avch. And pungng n the water
of the rver, he remaned a ong tme wth hs head downward, as f rehearsng
beforehand hs future descent to he, the resut of hs ev actons.
And when he rose up from hs bath, he remaned a ong tme ookng up
towards the sun, as f shewng that he deserved to be mpaed. Then he
went nto the presence of the god and makng rngs of Ku|'s|a grass,|*| and
mutterng prayers, he remaned sttng n the posture caed Padmsana,|*|
wth a hypocrtca cunnng face, and from tme to tme he made an offerng
to Vsh|n.|u, havng gathered whte fowers, even as he took captve the
* I. e. the cty of |ewes.
* Askandn s transated "grantng" by Mone|**may be o|r Wams and the
Petersburg excographers.
* Those are worn on the fngers when offerngs are made.
* A partcuar posture n regous medtaton, sttng wth the thghs crossed
wth one hand restng on the eft thgh, the other hed up wth the thumb upon
the
heart, and the eyes drected to the tp of the nose.
-----Fe: 210.png---------------------------------------------------------
smpe hearts of the good by hs vany; and havng made hs offerng he
agan pretended to betake hmsef to mutterng hs prayers, and proonged
hs medtatons as f fxng hs attenton on wcked ways. And the next
day, cothed n the skn of a back anteope, he wandered about the cty
n quest of ams, ke one of hs own decetfu deers ntended to begue t,
and observng a strct sence he took three handfus of rce from Brhmans'
houses, st equpped wth stck and deer-skn, and dvded the food
nto three parts ke the three dvsons of the day, and part he gave to the
crows, and part to hs guest, and wth the thrd part he fed hs maw;
and he remaned for a ong tme hypocrtcay teng hs beads, as f he
were countng hs sns at the same tme, and mutterng prayers; and n the
nght he remaned aone n hs hut, thnkng over the weak ponts of hs
feow-men, even the smaest; and by thus performng every day a dffcut
pretended penance he ganed compete ascendancy over the mnds of the
ctzens n every quarter. And a the peope became devoted to hm, and
a report spread among them n every drecton that 'Sva was an exceedngy
sef-denyng hermt.
And n the meanwhe hs accompce, the other rogue Mdhava, havng
heard from hs emssares how he was gettng on, entered that cty; and takng
up hs abode there n a dstant tempe, he went to the bank of the Spr to
bathe, dsgused as a R|pt, and after bathng, as he was returnng wth hs
retnue, he saw 'Sva prayng n front of the god, and wth great veneraton
he fe at hs feet, and sad before a the peope, "There s no other such
ascetc n the word, for he has been often seen by me gong round from
one hoy pace to another." But 'Sva, though he saw hm, kept hs neck
mmoveabe out of cunnng, and remaned n the same poston as before, and
Mdhava returned to hs own odgng. And at nght those two met
together and ate and drank, and deberated over the rest of ther programme,
what they must do next. And n the ast watch of the nght 'Sva
went back esurey to hs hut. And n the mornng Mdhava sad to one
of hs gang, "Take these two garments and gve them as a present to the
domestc
chapan of the kng here, who s caed 'Sankarasvmn, and say to
hm respectfuy: 'There s a R|pt come from the Decean of the name
of Mdhava, who has been oppressed by hs reatons, and he brngs wth
hm much nherted weath; he s accompaned by some other R|pts ke
hmsef, and he wshes to enter nto the servce of your kng here, and he
has sent me to vst you, O treasure-house of gory.'" The rogue, who was
sent off by Mdhava wth ths message, went to the house of that chapan,
wth the present n hs hand, and after approachng hm, and gvng hm
the present at a favourabe moment, he devered to hm n prvate Mdhava's
message, as he had been ordered; he, for hs part, out of hs greed for
presents, beeved t a, antcpatng other favours n the future, for a brbe
-----Fe: 211.png---------------------------------------------------------
s the soveregn specfc for attractng the covetous. The rogue then came
back, and on the next day Mdhava, havng obtaned a favourabe opportunty,
went n person to vst that chapan, accompaned by attendants, who
hypocrtcay assumed the appearance of men desrng servce,|*| passng
themseves off as R|pts, dstngushed by the maces they carred; he
had hmsef announced by an attendant precedng hm, and thus he
approached
the famy prest, who receved hm wth wecomes whch expressed
hs deght at hs arrva. Then Mdhava remaned engaged
n conversaton wth hm for some tme, and at ast beng dsmssed
by hm, returned to hs own house. On the next day he sent another
coupe of garments as a present, and agan approached that chapan and
sad to hm, "I ndeed wsh to enter nto servce to pease my retaners,
for that reason I have repared to you, but I possess weath." When the
chapan heard that, he hoped to get somethng out of hm, and he promsed
Mdhava to procure for hm what he desred, and he mmedatey went
and pettoned the kng on ths account, and, out of respect for the chapan,
the kng consented to do what he asked. And on the next day the
famy prest took Mdhava and hs retnue, and presented them to the
kng wth a due respect. The kng too, when he saw that Mdhava resembed
a R|pt n appearance, receved hm gracousy and apponted hm
a saary. Then Mdhava remaned there n attendance upon the kng, and
every nght he met 'Sva to deberate wth hm. And the chapan entreated
hm to ve wth hm n hs house, out of avarce, as he was ntent
on presents.
Then Mdhava wth hs foowers repared to the house of the chapan;
ths settement was the cause of the chapan's run, as that of the mouse
n the trunk of the tree was the cause of ts run. And he deposted a safe n
the strong room of the chapan, after fng t wth ornaments made of
fase gems. And from tme to tme he opened the box and by cunnngy
haf-shewng some of the |ewes, he captvated the mnd of the chapan as
that of a cow s captvated by grass. And when he had ganed n ths
way the confdence of the chapan, he made hs body emacated by takng
tte food, and fasey pretended that he was . And after a few days
had passed, that prnce of rogues sad wth weak voce to that chapan,
who was at hs bedsde; "My condton s mserabe n ths body, so brng,
good Brhman, some dstngushed man of your caste, n order that I may
bestow my weath upon hm for my happness here and hereafter, for, fe
beng unstabe, what care can a wse man have for rches?" That chapan,
* Karpatka may mean a pgrm, but t seems to be used n the K. S. S. to mean
a
knd of dependant on a kng or great man, usuay a foregner. See chapters
38,53, and
81 of ths work.
-----Fe: 212.png---------------------------------------------------------
who was devoted to presents, when addressed n ths way, sad, "I w do
so," and Mdhava fe at hs feet. Then whatever Brhman the chapan
brought, Mdhava refused to receve, pretendng that he wanted a more
dstngushed one. One of the rogues n attendance upon Mdhava, when
he saw ths, sad--"Probaby an ordnary Brhman does not pease hm. So
t w be better now to fnd out whether the strct ascetc on the banks of
Spr named |'S|va peases hm or not?" When Mdhava heard that, he sad
pantvey to that chapan: "Yes, be knd, and brng hm, for there s no
other Brhman ke hm."
The chapan, thus entreated, went near |'S|va, and behed hm mmoveabe,
pretendng to be engaged n medtaton. And then he waked round
hm, keepng hm on hs rght hand, and sat down n front of hm: and
mmedatey the rasca sowy opened hs eyes. Then the famy prest,
bendng before hm, sad wth bowed head,--"My Lord, f t w not make
you angry, I w prefer a petton to you. There s dweng here a very
rch R|pt from the Deccan, named Mdhava, and he, beng , s desrous
of gvng away hs whoe property: f you consent, he w gve you that
treasure whch gtters wth many ornaments made out of prceess gems."
When |'S|va heard that, he sowy broke sence, and sad,--"O Brhman, snce
I ve on ams, and observe perpetua chastty, of what use are rches to
me? Then that chapan went on to say to hm, "Do not say that, great
Brhman, do you not know the due order of the perods n the fe of a
Brhman?|*| By marryng a wfe, and performng n hs house offerngs to
the Manes, sacrfces to the gods and hosptaty to guests, he uses hs property
to obtan the three ob|ects of fe;|*| the stage of the househoder s
the most usefu of a." Then |'S|va sad, "How can I take a wfe, for I w
not marry a woman from any ow famy?" When the covetous chapan
heard that, he thought that he woud be abe to en|oy hs weath at w,
and, catchng at the opportunty, he sad to hm: "I have an unmarred
daughter named Vnayasvmn, and she s very beautfu, I w bestow
her n marrage on you. And I w keep for you a the weath whch
you receve as a donaton from Mdhava, so enter on the dutes of a
househoder.|**cose quotes mssng|
When |'S|va heard ths, havng got the very thng he wanted, he
sad, "Brhman, f your heart s set on ths,|*| I w do what you say.
But I am an ascetc who knows nothng about god and |ewes: I sha act
as you advse; do as you thnk best." When the chapan heard that
speech of |'S|va's, he was deghted, and the foo sad, "Agreed"--and con-*
* Frst he shoud be a Brahmachrn or unmarred regous student, next a
G|r.|hastha
or househoder, than a Vnaprastha or anchoret, asty a Bhkshu or beggar.
* . e. vrtue, weath, peasure; dharma, artha, kma.
* Graha, aso means panet, . e. nauspcous panet. |'S|va tes the truth here.
-----Fe: 213.png---------------------------------------------------------
*ducted |'S|va to hs house. And when he had ntroduced there that
nauspcous
guest named |'S|va,|*| he tod Mdhava what he had done and was
appauded by hm. And mmedatey he gave |'S|va hs daughter, who had
been carefuy brought up, and n gvng her he seemed to be gvng away
hs own prosperty ost by hs foy. And on the thrd day after hs marrage,
he took hm to Mdhava who was pretendng to be , to receve hs present.
And Mdhava rose up and fe at hs feet and sad what was qute true, "I
adore thee whose ascetcsm s ncomprehensbe."|*| "|**quote s typo| And n
accordance wth
the prescrbed form he bestowed on |'S|va that box of ornaments made of
many
sham |ewes, whch was brought from the chapan's treasury. |'S|va for
hs part, after recevng t, gave t nto the hand of the chapan, sayng,
"I know nothng about ths, but you do." And that prest mmedatey
took t, sayng, "I undertook to do ths ong ago, why shoud you troube
yoursef about t?" Then |'S|va gave them hs bessng, and went to hs
wfe's prvate apartments, and the chapan took the box and put t n hs
strong room. Mdhava for hs part graduay dessted from fegnng sckness,
affectng to fee better the next day, and sad that hs dsease had been
cured by vrtue of hs great gft. And he prased the chapan when he came
near, sayng to hm, "It was by your adng me n an act of fath that I
tded over ths caamty." And he openy struck up a frendshp wth
|'S|va, assertng that t was due to the mght of |'S|va's honess that hs fe
had been saved. |'S|va, for hs part, after some days sad to the chapan:
"How ong am I to feast n your house n ths stye? Why do you
not take from me those |ewes for some fxed sum of money? If they are
vauabe, gve me a far prce for them." When the prest heard that,
thnkng that the |ewes were of ncacuabe vaue, he consented, and
gave to |'S|va as purchase-money hs whoe vng. And he made |'S|va
sgn a recept for the sum wth hs own hand, and he hmsef too sgned a
recept for the |ewes, thnkng that that treasure far exceeded hs own
weath n vaue. And they separated, takng one another's recepts, and
the chapan ved n one pace, whe |'S|va kept house n another. And
then |'S|va and Mdhava dwet together and remaned there eadng a very
peasant fe consumng the chapan's weath. And as tme went on,
that chapan, beng n need of cash, went to the town to se one of the
ornaments n the bazar.
Then the merchants, who were connosseurs n |ewes, sad after
examnng t, "Ha! the man who made these sham |ewes was a cever
feow, whoever he was. For ths ornament s composed of peces of
gass and quartz cooured wth varous coours and fastened together wth
brass, and there are no gems or god n t." When the chapan heard that,
* . e. the auspcous or frendy one.
* There s probaby a doube meanng n the word "ncomprehensbe."
-----Fe: 214.png---------------------------------------------------------
he went n hs agtaton and brought a the ornaments from hs house, and
showed them to the merchants. When they saw them, they sad that a
of them were composed of sham |ewes n the same way; but the chapan,
when he heard that, was, so to speak, thunderstruck. And mmedatey
the foo went off and sad to |'S|va, "Take back your ornaments and gve me
back my own weath." But |'S|va answered hm, "How can I possby have
retaned your weath t now? Why t has a n course of tme been
consumed n my house." Then the chapan and |'S|va fe nto an atercaton,
and went, both of them, before the kng, at whose sde Mdhava was standng.
And the chapan made ths representaton to the kng: "|'S|va has
consumed a my substance, takng advantage of my not knowng that a
great treasure, whch he deposted n my house,|*| was composed of skfuy
cooured peces of gass and quartz fastened together wth brass." Then
|'S|va sad, "Kng, from my chdhood I have been a hermt, and I was
persuaded by that man's earnest petton to accept a donaton, and when
I took t, though nexperenced n the ways of the word, I sad to hm,
'I am no connosseur n |ewes and thngs of that knd, and I rey upon
you,' and he consented sayng, 'I w be your warrant n the matter.'
And accepted a the donaton and deposted t n hs hand. Then he bought
the whoe from me at hs own prce, and we hod from one another mutua
recepts; and now t s n the kng's power to grant me hep n my sorest
need." |'S|va havng thus fnshed hs speech, Mdhava sad, "Do not
say ths, you are honourabe, but what faut have I commtted n the matter?
I never receved anythng ether from you or from S|**dacrtc mssng|va; I
had some
weath nherted from my father, whch I had ong deposted esewhere;
then I brought that weath and presented t to a Brhman. If the god
s not rea god, and the |ewes are not rea |ewes, then et us suppose that I
have reaped frut from gvng away brass, quartz, and gass. But the fact
that I was persuaded wth sncere heart that I was gvng somethng, s
cear from ths, that 1 recovered from a very dangerous ness." When
Mdhava sad ths to hm wthout any ateraton n the expresson of hs
face, the kng aughed and a hs mnsters, and they were hghy deghted.
And those present n court sad, aughng n ther seeves, "Nether
Mdhava nor |'S|va has done anythng unfar." Thereupon that chapan
departed wth downcast countenance, heavng ost hs weath. For of
what caamtes s not the bndng of the mnd wth excessve greed the
cause? And so those two rogues |'S|va and Mdhava ong remaned there,
happy n havng obtaned the favour of the deghted kng.
"Thus do rogues spread the webs of ther tongue wth hundreds of
ntrcate threads, ke fshermen upon dry and, vng by the net. So you
may be certan, my father, that ths Brhman s a case n pont. By fasey
* Perhaps we ought to read dattv for tatra.
-----Fe: 215.png---------------------------------------------------------
assertng that he has seen the Cty of God, he wshes to deceve you, and
to obtan me for a wfe. So do not be n a hurry to get me marred; I sha
reman unmarred at present, and we w see what w happen." When the
kng Paropakrn heard ths from hs daughter Kanakarekh, he thus answered
her: "When a gr s grown up, t s not expedent that she shoud reman
ong unmarred, for wcked peope envous of good quates, fasey mpute
sn. And peope are partcuary fond of backenng the character of one
dstngushed; to ustrate ths, sten to the story of Harasvmn whch
I am about to te you."
Story of Harasvmn.
There s a cty on the banks of
the Ganges named Kusumapura,|*| and
n t there was an ascetc who vsted hoy paces, named Harasvmn. He
was a Brhman vng by beggng; and constructng a hut on the banks of
the Ganges, he became, on account of hs surprsngy rgd ascetcsm, the
ob|ect of the peope's respect.|*| And one day a wcked man among the
nhabtants, who coud not toerate hs vrtue, seeng hm from a dstance
gong out to beg, sad, "Do you know what a hypocrtca ascetc that s?
It s he that has eaten up a the chdren n ths town." When a second
there who was ke hm, heard ths, he sad, "It s true, I aso have heard
peope sayng ths." And a thrd confrmng t sad, "Such s the fact."
The chan of vans' conversaton bnds reproach on the good. And n
ths way the report spread from ear to ear, and ganed genera credence n
the cty. And a the ctzens kept ther chdren by force n ther houses,
sayng, "Harasvmn carres off a the chdren and eats them." And
then the Brhmans n that town, afrad that ther offsprng woud be
destroyed, assembed and deberated about hs banshment from the cty.
And as they dd not dare to te hm face to face, for fear he mght perhaps
eat them up n hs rage, they sent messengers to hm. And those messengers
went and sad to hm from a dstance; "The Brhmans command you
to depart from ths cty." Then n hs astonshment he asked them "Why?"
And they went on to say; "You eat every chd as soon as you see t."
When Harasvmn heard that, he went near those Brhmans, n order to
reassure
them, and the peope fed before hm for fear. And the Brhmans, as
soon as they saw hm, were terrfed and went up to the top of ther monastery.
Peope who are deuded by reports are not, as a rue, capabe of dscrmnaton.
Then |H.||**at. speng?|arasvmn standng beow caed a the Brhmans
who were above, one by one, by name, and sad to them, "What deuson s
* The cty of fowers, .g. P|t.|aputra.
* Perhaps we ought to read yayau for dadau. Ths I fnd s the readng of an
exceent MS. n the Sanskrt coege, for the oan of whch I am deepy ndebted
to
the Prncpa and the Lbraran.
-----Fe: 216.png---------------------------------------------------------
ths, Brhmans? Why do you not ascertan wth one another how many
chdren I have eaten, and whose, and how many of each man's chdren."
When they heard that, the Brhmans began to compare notes among
themseves,
and found that a of them had a ther chdren eft ave. And n
course of tme other ctzens, apponted to nvestgate the matter, admtted
that a ther chdren were vng. And merchants and Brhmans and a
sad, "Aas n our foy we have beed a hoy man; the chdren of a of us
are ave; so whose chdren can he have eaten?" Harasvmn, beng thus
competey exonerated, prepared to eave that cty, for hs mnd was sezed
wth dsgust at the sanderous report got up aganst hm by wcked men.
For what peasure can a wse man take n a wcked pace, the nhabtants
of whch are wantng n dscrmnaton? Then the Brhmans and merchants,
prostratng themseves at hs feet, entreated hm to stay there, and
he at ast, though wth reuctance, consented to do so.
"In ths way ev men often mpute crme fasey to good men, aowng
ther macous garruty fu pay on behodng ther vrtuous behavour.
Much more, f they obtan a sght gmpse of any opportunty for attackng
them, do they pour copous showers of o on the fre thus knded.
Therefore f you wsh, my daughter, to draw the arrow from my heart, you
must not, whe ths fresh youth of yours s deveopng, reman unmarred
to pease yoursef, and so ncur the ready reproach of ev men." Such was
the advce whch the prncess Kanakarekh frequenty receved from her
father the kng, but she, beng frmy resoved, agan and agan answered
hm: "Therefore qucky search for a Brhman or Kshatrya who has
seen that Cty of God and gve me to hm, for ths s the condton I have
named." When the kng heard that, refectng that hs daughter, who
remembered her former brth, had competey made up her mnd, and seeng
no other way of obtanng for her the husband she desred, he ssued another
order to the effect that henceforth the procamaton by beat of drum was to
take pace every day n the cty, n order to fnd out whether any of the new-
*comers
had seen the Goden Cty. And once more t was procamed n every
quarter of the cty every day, after the drum had been beaten,--"If any
Brhman or Kshatrya has seen the Goden Cty, et hm speak; the kng
w gve hm hs own daughter, together wth the rank of Crown-prnce."
But no one was found who had obtaned a sght of the Goden Cty.
-----Fe: 217.png---------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER XXV
In the meanwhe the young Brhman |'S|aktvega, n very ow sprts,
havng been re|ected wth contempt by the prncess he onged for, sad to
hmsef; "To-day by assertng fasey that I had seen the Goden Cty, I
certany ncurred contempt, but I dd not obtan that prncess. So I must
roam through the earth to fnd t, unt I have ether seen that cty or
ost my fe. For of what use s my fe, uness I can return havng seen
that cty, and obtan the prncess as the prze of the achevement?" Havng
thus taken a vow, that Brhman set out from the cty of Vardhamna,
drectng hs course toward the southern quarter, and as he |ourneyed, he at
ast reached the great forest of the Vndhya range, and entered t, whch
was dffcut and ong as hs own undertakng. And that forest, so to speak,
fanned, wth the soft eaves of ts trees shaken by the wnd, hm, who was
heated by the muttudnous rays of the sun; and through gref at beng
overrun wth many robbers, t made ts cry heard day and nght n the shr
screams of anmas whch were beng san n t by ons and other nosome
beasts. And t seemed, by the unchecked rays of heat fashed upward from
ts wd deserts, to endeavour to conquer the ferce brghtness of the sun:
n t, though there was no accumuaton of water, caamty was to be easy
purchased:|*| and ts space seemed ever to extend before the traveer as
fast as he crossed t. In the course of many days he accompshed a ong
|ourney through ths forest, and behed n t a great ake of cod pure water
n a oney spot: whch seemed to ord t over a akes, wth ts otuses
ke ofty umbreas, and ts swans ke geamng whte chowres. In the
water of that ake he performed the customary abutons, and on ts northern
shore he behed a hermtage wth beautfu frut-bearng trees: and he
saw an od hermt named Sryatapas sttng at the foot of an A|'s|vattha tree,
surrounded by ascetcs, adorned wth a rosary, the beads of wheh|**P1: prnter
error, "whch"|
by ther number seemed to be the knots that marked the centures of hs
fe,|*| and whch rested aganst the extremty of hs ear that was whte
wth age. And he approached that hermt wth a bow, and the hermt wecomed
hm wth hosptabe greetngs. And the hermt, after entertanng
hm wth fruts and other decaces, asked hm, "Whence have you come,
and whther are you gong? Te me, good sr." And |'S|aktdeva ncnng
respectfuy, sad to that hermt,--"I have come, venerabe sr, from the
* Probaby a poor pun.
* Cf. Uttara Rma Charta (Vdysgara's edton) Act III, p. 82, the speech of
the rver-goddess Tamas.
-----Fe: 218.png---------------------------------------------------------
cty of Vardhamna, and I have undertaken to go to the Goden Cty n
accordance wth a vow. But I do not know where that cty es; te me
venerabe sr, f you know." The hermt answered, "My son, I have
ved eght hundred years n ths hermtage, and I have never even heard of
that cty." |'S|aktdeva when he heard ths from the hermt, was cast down,
and sad agan--"Then my wanderngs through the earth w end by my
dyng here." Then that hermt, havng graduay ected the whoe story
sad to hm, "If you are frmy resoved, then do what I te you. Three
yo|anas from here there s a country named Kmpya, and n t s a mountan
named Uttara, and on t there s a hermtage. There dwes my nobe
eder brother named Drghatapas;* go to hm, he beng od may perhaps
know of that cty." When |'S|aktdeva heard that, hope arose n hs breast,
and havng spent the nght there he qucky set out n the mornng from
that pace. And weared wth the aborous |ourney through dffcut forest
country, he at ast reached that regon of Kmpya and ascended that
mountan Uttara; and there he behed that hermt Drghatapas n a hermtage,
and he was deghted and approached hm wth a bow: and the
hermt receved hm hosptaby: and |'S|aktdeva sad to hm, "I am on my
way to the Cty of God spoken of by the kng's daughter: but I do not
know, venerabe sr, where that cty s. However I am bound to fnd t,
so I have been sent to you by the sage Sryatapas n order that I may dscover
where t es." When he had sad ths, the hermt answered hm,
"Though I am so od, my son, I have never heard of that cty t to-day; I
have made acquantance wth varous traveers from foregn ands, and I
have never heard any one speak of t; much ess have I seen t. But I am
sure t must be n some dstant foregn sand, and I can te you an expedent
to hep you n ths matter; there s n the mdst of the ocean an sand named
Utsthaa,and n t there s a rch kng of the Nshdas+ named Satyavrata. He
goes to and fro among a the other sands, and he may have seen or
heard of that cty. Therefore frst go to the cty named V|t.|ankapura
stuated on the border of the sea. And from that pace go wth some merchant
n a shp to the sand where that Nshda dwes, n order that you
may attan your ob|ect." When |'S|aktdeva heard ths from the hermt, he
mmedatey foowed hs advce, and takng eave of hm set out from the her-*
* In the story of the Beautfu Paace East of the Sun and North of the Earth,
(Thorpe, Yue-tde Stores, p. 158) an od woman sends the youth, who s n
quest of
the paace, to her od sster, who agan refers hm to an oder sster dweng n
a sma
runous cottage on a mountan. In Sgnora von Gonzenbaeh's Scansche
Marchen,
p. 86, the prnce s sent by one "Enseder" to hs brother, and ths brother
sends hm
to an oder brother and he agan to an oder st, who s descrbed as "Stenat"
see
aso p. 102. Compare aso the story of Hasan of E Basra n Lane's Araban
Nghts.
+ Wd aborgna trbes not beongng to the Aryan nce.
-----Fe: 219.png---------------------------------------------------------
*mtage. And after accompshng many kos and crossng many ands, he
reached the cty of V|t.|ankapura, the ornament of the sea-shore. There he
sought out a merchant named Samu|d.|radatta, who traded wth the sand of
Utsthaa, and struck up a frendshp wth hm. And he went on board hs shp
wth hm, and havng food for the voyage fuy supped by hs kndness, he set
out on the ocean-path. Then, when they had but a short dstance to trave,
there arose a back coud wth rumbng thunder, resembng a roarng
Rkshasa, wth fckerng ghtnng to represent hs ong tongue. And a
furous hurrcane began to bow ke Destny hersef, whrng up ght
ob|ects and hurng down heavy.|*| And from the sea, ashed by the wnd,
great waves rose aoft ke the mountans equpped wth wngs,|*| ndgnant
that ther asyum had been attacked. And that vesse rose on hgh one
moment, and the next moment punged beow, as f exhbtng how rch
men are frst eevated and then cast down. And the next moment that
shp, shry aden wth the cres of the merchants, burst and spt asunder
as f wth the weght. And the shp beng broken, that merchant ts
owner fe nto the sea, but foatng through t on a pank he at ast reached
another vesse. But as |'S|aktdeva fe, a arge fsh, openng ts mouth and
neck, swaowed hm wthout n|urng any of hs mbs. And as that fsh
was roamng at w n the mdst of the sea, t happened to pass near
the sand of Utsthaa; and by chance some servants of that kng of
the fshermen Satyavrata, who were engaged n the pursut of sma fsh, came
there and caught t. And those fshermen, proud of ther prze, mmedatey
dragged t aong to shew to ther kng, for t was of enormous sze. He too,
out of curosty, seeng that t was of such extraordnary sze, ordered hs
servants to cut t open; and when t was cut open, |'S|aktdeva came out
ave from ts bey, havng endured a second wonderfu mprsonment n
the womb.|*| Then the fsher-kng Satyavrata, when he saw that young man
come out and bestow hs bessng on hm, was astonshed, and asked hm,
"Who are you, and how dd ths ot of dweng n the bey of the fsh befa
you? What means ths exceedngy strange fate that you have suffered."
When |'S|aktdeva heard ths, he answered that kng of the fshermen: "I
am a Brhman of the name of |'S|aktdeva from the cty of Vardhamna;
* Destny often eevates the worthess, and hurs down men of worth.
* The usua story s that Indra cut off the wngs of a except Manka the son of
Hmavat by Men. He took refuge n the sea. Here t s represented that more
escaped.
So n Bhartrhar Nt |'S|ataka st. 76 (Bombay edton).
* For |'S|aktdeva's mprsonment n the bey of the fsh cp. Chapter 74 of ths
work, Indan Fary Taes by Mss Stokes, No. XIV, and Lucan's Vera Hstora,
Book
I. In ths tae the fsh swaows a shp. The crew dscover countres n the
monster's
nsde, estabsh a "scentfc fronter," and pursue a pocy of Annexaton. See
aso
Lane's Araban Nghts, Vo. III, p. 104.
-----Fe: 220.png---------------------------------------------------------
and I am bound to vst the Cty of God, and because I do not know where
t s, I have for a ong tme wandered far over the earth; then I gathered
from a speech of Drghatapas' that t was probaby n an sand, so I set
out to fnd Satyavrata the kng of the fshermen, who ves n the sand of
Utsthaa, n order to earn ts whereabouts, but on the way I suffered
shpwreck, and so havng been whemed n the sea and swaowed by a fsh,
I have been brought here now." When |'S|aktdeva had sad ths, Satyavrata
sad to hm: "I am n truth Satyavrata, and ths s the very sand you
were seekng; but though I have seen many sands, I have never seen the
cty you desre to fnd, but I have heard of t as stuated n one of the
dstant sands.|P1: mssng quotes mark?| Havng sad ths, and percevng that
|'S|aktdeva was cast
down, Satyavrata out of kndness for hs guest went on to say: "Brhman, do
not be despondent; reman here ths nght, and to-morrow mornng I w
devse some expedent to enabe you to attan your ob|ect." The Brhman
was thus consoed by the kng, and sent off to a monastery of Brhmans,
where guests were ready entertaned. There Satyavrata was supped
wth food by a Brhman named Vsh|n.|udatta, an nmate of the monastery,
and entered nto conversaton wth hm. And n the course of that conversaton,
beng questoned by hm, he tod hm n a few words hs country,
hs famy, and hs whoe hstory. When Vsh|n.|udatta heard that, he
mmedatey
embraced hm, and sad n a voce ndstnct from the syabes beng
choked wth tears of |oy: "Bravo! you are the son of my materna unce
and a feow-countryman of mne. But I ong ago n my chdhood eft
that country to come here. So stop here awhe, and soon the stream of
merchants and pots that come here from other sands w accompsh
your wsh." Havng tod hm hs descent n these words, Vsh|n.|udatta wated
upon |'S|aktdeva wth a becomng attentons. And |'S|aktdeva, forgettng
the to of the |ourney, obtaned deght, for the meetng a reaton n a
foregn and s ke a fountan of nectar n the desert. And he consdered
that the accompshment of hs ob|ect was near at hand, for good uck,
befang one by the way ndcates success n an undertakng. So he
recned at nght seepess upon hs bed, wth hs mnd fxed upon the
attanment of hs desre, and Vsh|n.|udatta, who was by hs sde, n order to
encourage and deght hm at the same tme, reated to hm the foowng
tae:
Story of A|'s|okadatta and V|ayadatta.|*|
Formery there was a great Brhman named Govndasvmn, vng on
a great roya grant of and on the banks of the Yamun. And n course
of tme there were born to that vrtuous Brhman two sons ke hmsef,
A|'s|okadatta and V|ayadatta. Whe they were vng there, there arose a
* Cf. Grmm's Mrchen, No. 60, Scansche Mrchen, Nos. 39 and 40, wth
Dr. Kher's notes.
-----Fe: 221.png---------------------------------------------------------
terrbe famne n that and, and so Govndasvmn sad to hs wfe; "Ths
and s runed by famne, and I cannot bear to behod the msery of my
frends and reatons. For who gves anythng to anybody? So et us at
any rate gve away to our frends and reatons what tte food we possess
and eave ths country. And et us go wth our famy to Benares to ve
there." When he sad ths to hs wfe, she consented, and he gave away hs
food, and set out from that pace wth hs wfe, sons, and servants. For
men of nobe sou cannot bear to wtness the mseres of ther reatves.
And on the road he behed a sku-bearng |'S|ava ascetc, whte wth ashes,
and wth matted har, ke the god |'S|va hmsef wth hs haf-moon. The
Brhman approached that wse man wth a bow, and out of ove for hs
sons, asked hm about ther destny, whether t shoud be good or bad, and
that Yog answered hm: "The future destny of your sons s auspcous,
but you sha be separated, Brhman, from ths younger one V|ayadatta,
and fnay by the mght of the second A|'s|okadatta you sha be reunted to
hm." Govndasvmn, when that wse man sad ths to hm, took eave of
hm and departed overpowered wth |oy, gref, and wonder; and after reachng
Benares he spent the day there n a tempe of Durg outsde the town,
engaged n worshppng the goddess and such ke occupatons. And n
the evenng he encamped outsde that tempe under a tree, wth hs famy,
n the company of pgrms who had come from other countres. And at nght,
whe a were aseep, weared wth ther ong |ourney, stretched out on
strewn eaves, and, such other beds as traveers have to put up wth, hs
younger son V|ayadatta, who was awake, was suddeny sezed wth a
cod ague-ft; that ague qucky made hm trembe, and caused hs har
to stand on end, as f t had been the fear of hs approachng separaton
from hs reatons. And oppressed wth the cod he woke up hs father,
and sad to hm: "A terrbe ague affcts me here now, father, so brng
fue and ght me a fre to keep off the cod, n no other way can I obtan
reef or get through the nght." When Govndasvmn heard hm say
ths, he was dstressed at hs sufferng, and sad to hm; "Whence can
I procure fre now my son?" Then hs son sad; "Why surey we may
see a fre burnng near us on ths sde, and t s very arge, so why shoud
I not go there and warm my body? So take me by the hand, for I
have a shverng ft, and ead me there." Thus entreated by hs son the
Brhman went on to say: "Ths s a cemetery,|*| and the fre s that of a
funera pyre, so how can you go to a pace terrbe from the presence of
gobns and other sprts, for you are ony a chd?" When the brave
V|ayadatta heard that speech of hs affectonate father's, he aughed
and sad n hs confdence, "What can the wretched gobns and other
ev ones do to me? Am I a weakng? So take me there wthout
* If such a word can be apped to a pace where bodes are burnt.
-----Fe: 222.png---------------------------------------------------------
fear." When he sad ths so persstenty, hs father ed hm there, and the
boy warmng hs body approached the pyre, whch seemed to bear on tsef
the presdng dety of the Rkshasas n vsbe form, wth the smoke of
the fames for dsheveed har, devourng the fesh of men. The boy at
once encouraged hs father|*| and asked hm what the round thng was
that he saw nsde the pyre. And hs father standng at hs sde, answered
hm, "Ths, my son, s the sku of a man whch s burnng n the pyre."
Then the boy n hs reckessness struck the sku wth a pece of wood
ghted at the top, and cove t. The brans spouted up from t and entered
hs mouth, ke the ntaton nto the practces of the Rkshasas, bestowed
upon hm by the funera fame. And by tastng them that boy became a
Rkshasa, wth har standng on end, wth sword that he had drawn from
the fame, terrbe wth pro|ectng tusks: so he sezed the sku and drnkng
the brans from t, he cked t wth tongue restessy quverng ke
the fames of fre that cung to the bone. Then be fung asde the sku,
and ftng hs sword he attempted to say hs own father Govndasvmn.
But at that moment a voce came out from the cemetery, "Kapaspho|t.|a,|*|
thou god, thou oughtest not to say thy father, come here." When the
boy heard that, havng obtaned the tte of Kapaspho|t.|a and become a
Rkshasa, he et hs father aone, and dsappeared; and hs father departed
excamng aoud, "Aas my son! Aas my vrtuous son! Aas V|ayadatta!"
And he returned to the tempe of Durg; and n the mornng
he tod hs wfe and hs edest son A|'s|okadatta what had taken pace. Then
that unfortunate man together wth them suffered an attack of the fre
of gref, terrbe ke the fang of ghtnng from a coud, so that the
other peope, who were so|ournng n Benares, and had come to vst the
shrne of the goddess, came up to hm and sympathsed hearty wth hs
sorrow. In the meanwhe a great merchant, who had come to worshp the
goddess, named Samudradatta, behed Govndasvmn n that state. The
good man approached hm and comforted hm, and mmedatey took hm
and hs famy home to hs own house. And there he provded hm wth a
bath and other uxures, for ths s the nnate tendency of the great, to
have mercy upon the wretched. Govndasvmn aso and hs wfe recovered
ther sef-command, havng heard|*| the speech of the great |'S|ava ascetc,
hopng to be re-unted to ther son. And thenceforth he ved n that cty
of Benares, n the house of that rch merchant, havng been asked by hm
* Sam|'s|vaya, the readng of a MS. n the Sanskrt Coege, woud perhaps
gve
a better sense.
* I. e. sku-ceaver.
* Perhaps we ought to read smrtv for |'s|rutv, "Rememberng, cang to
mnd."
-----Fe: 223.png---------------------------------------------------------
to do so. And there hs other son A|'s|okadatta grew up to be a young man,
and after studyng the scences earnt boxng and wrestng. And graduay
he attaned such emnence n these arts, that he was not surpassed by any
champon on the earth. And once on a tme there was a great gatherng
of wresters at an do processon, and a great and famous wrester came from
the Deccan. He conquered a the other wresters of the kng of Benares,
who was caed Pratpamuku|t.|a, before hs eyes. Then the kng had
A|'s|okadatta
qucky summoned from the house of that exceent merchant, and
ordered hm to contend wth that wrester. That wrester began the combat
by catchng the arm of A|'s|okadatta wth hs hand, but A|'s|okadatta sezed
hs arm, and hured hm to the ground. Then the fed of combat, as t
were, peased, appauded the vctor wth the resoundng nose produced by
the fa of that champon wrester. And the kng beng gratfed, oaded
A|'s|okadatta wth |ewes, and havng seen hs mght, he made hm hs own
persona attendant. So he became a favourte of the kng's, and n tme
attaned great prosperty, for to one who possesses heroc quates, a kng
who apprecates mert s a perfect treasure-house. Once on a tme, that
kng went on the fourteenth day of the month away from hs capta, to
worshp the god |'S|va n a spendd tempe n a dstant town. After he
had pad hs devotons, he was returnng by nght near the cemetery
when he heard ths utterance ssue from t: "O kng, the chef magstrate
out of prvate mace procamed that I deserved death, and t s now the
thrd day snce I was mpaed, and even now my fe w not eave my
body, though I am nnocent, so I am exceedngy thrsty; O kng, order
water to be gven me." When the kng heard t, out of pty he sad to hs
persona attendant A|'s|okadatta, "Send that man some water." Then
A|'s|okadatta
sad, "Who woud go there at nght? So I had better go
mysef." Accordngy he took the water, and set off. After the kng had
proceeded on hs way to hs capta, the hero entered that cemetery, the
nteror of whch was dffcut to penetrate, as t was fed wth dense darkness
wthn; n t there were awfu evenng obatons offered wth the
human fesh scattered about by the |ackas; n paces the cemetery was
ghted up by the famng beacons of the bazng funera pyres, and n t
the Vetas made terrbe musc wth the cappng of ther hands, so that
t seemed as f t were the paace of back nght. Then he cred aoud,
"Who asked the kng for water?" And he heard from one quarter an answer,
"I asked for t." Foowng the voce he went to a funera pyre near, and
behed a man mpaed on the top of a stake, and underneath t he saw a
woman that he had never seen before, weepng, adorned wth beautfu
ornaments, ovey n every mb; ke the nght adorned wth the rays of
the moon, now that the moon tsef had set, ts spendour havng waned
n the dark fortnght, come to worshp the funera pyre. He asked the
-----Fe: 224.png---------------------------------------------------------
woman: "Who are you, mother, and why are you standng weepng here?"
She answered hm, "I am the -fated wfe of hm who s here mpaed, and
I am watng here wth the frm ntenton of ascendng the funera pyre
wth hm. And I am watng some tme for hs fe to eave hs body, for
though t s the thrd day of hs mpaement, hs breath does not depart.
And he often asks for that water whch I have brought here, but I cannot
reach hs mouth, my frend, as the stake s hgh." When he heard that
speech of hers, the mghty hero sad to her: "But here s water n my hand
sent to hm by the kng, so pace your foot on my back and ft t to hs
mouth, for the mere touchng of another man n sore need does not dsgrace
a woman." When she heard that, she consented, and takng the
water she cmbed up so as to pant her two feet on the back of A|'s|okadatta,
who bent down at the foot of the stake. Soon after, as drops of bood
unexpectedy began to fa upon the earth and on hs back, the hero fted
up hs face and ooked. Then he saw that woman cuttng off sce after
sce of that mpaed man's fesh wth a knfe, and eatng t.|*|
Then, percevng that she was some horrbe demon,|* |he dragged her
down n a rage, and took hod of her by her foot wth ts tnkng ankets
n order to dash her to peces on the earth. She, for her part, dragged
away from hm that foot, and by her deudng power qucky few up nto
the heaven, and became nvsbe. And the |eweed anket, whch had faen
from her foot, whe she was draggng t away, remaned n one of
A|'s|okadatta's hands. Then he, refectng that she had dsappeared after
shewng hersef md at frst, and ev-workng n the mdde, and at the
end horror-strkng by assumng a terrbe form, ke assocaton wth wcked
men,--and seeng that heaveny anket n hs hand, was astonshed,
greved and deghted at the same tme; and then he eft that cemetery,
takng the anket wth hm, and went to hs own house, and n the mornng,
after bathng, to the paace of the kng.
And when the kng sad--"Dd you gve the water to the man who
was mpaed," he sad he had done so, and gave hm that anket; and when
the kng of hs own accord asked hm where t came from, he tod that
kng hs wonderfu and terrbe nght-adventure. And then the kng, percevng
that hs courage was superor to that of a men, though he was
* So n Sgnora Von Gonzenbach's Scan Stores, p. 66, a ovey woman opens
wth a knfe the vens of the seepng prnce and drnks hs bood. See aso
Vockenstedt's
Wendsche Sagen, p. 354. Raston n hs Russan Fok-Taes, p. 17, compares
ths part of the story wth a Russan story and that of Sd Noman n the
"Thousand
and One Nghts," he refers aso to Lano's Transaton, vo. I, p. 32.
* One s tempted to read vk|r.|tm for vk|r.|tm, but vk|r.|t s transated by
the
Petersburg excographers as Gespensterschenung. Vk|r.|tm woud mean
transformed
|**typo, "" omtted|nto a Rkshas.
-----Fe: 225.png---------------------------------------------------------
before pease wth hs other exceent quates, was now more exceedngy
deghted; and he took that anket n hs |oy and gave t wth hs own
hand to the queen, and descrbed to her the way n whch he had obtaned
t. And she, hearng the story and behodng that heaveny |eweed anket,
re|oced n her heart and was contnuay engaged n extong A|'s|okadatta.
Then the kng sad to her: "Oueen, n brth, n earnng, n truthfuness
and beauty A|'s|okadatta s great among the great; and I thnk t woud be
a good thng f he were to become the husband of our ovey daughter
Madanaekh; n a brdegroom these quates are to be ooked for, not fortune
that vanshes n a moment, so I w gve my daughter to ths exceent
hero." When she heard that speech of her husband's, that queen
approvng the proposa sad, "It s qute fttng, for the youth w be an
approprate
match for her, and her heart has been captvated by hm, for she
saw hm n a sprng-garden, and for some days her mnd has been n a state
of vacancy and she nether hears nor sees; I heard of t from her confdante,
and, after spendng an anxous nght, towards mornng I fe aseep, and I
remember I was thus addressed by some heaveny woman n a dream,
'My chd, thou must not gve ths thy daughter Madanaekh to any one
but A|'s|okadatta, for she s hs wfe acqured by hm n a former brth.'
And when I heard t, I woke up, and n the mornng I went mysef on the
strength of the dream and consoed my daughter. And now, my husband
has of hs own accord proposed the marrage to me. Let her therefore be
unted to hm, as a sprng-creeper to ts stak." When the kng's beoved
wfe sad ths to hm, he was peased, and he made festa re|ocngs, and
summonng A|'s|okadatta gave that daughter to hm. And the unon of
those two, the daughter of the kng, and the son of the great Brhman, was
such that each enhanced the other's gory, ke the unon of prosperty
and modesty. And once upon a tme the queen sad to the kng, wth
reference to the anket brought by A|'s|okadatta: "My husband, ths anket
by tsef does not ook we, so et another be made ke t." When the
kng heard that, he gave an order to the godsmths and other craftsmen
of the knd, to make a second anket ke that. But they, after examnng
t sad;--"It s mpossbe, O kng, to make another ke t, for the work s
heaveny, not human. There are not many |ewes of ths knd upon the
earth, so et another be sought for where ths was obtaned." When the
kng and the queen heard ths, they were despondent, and A|'s|okadatta who
was there, on seeng that, mmedatey sad, "I mysef w brng you a feow
to that anket." And havng made ths promse he coud not gve up the
pro|ect on whch he was resoved, athough the kng, terrfed at hs temerty,
endeavoured to dssuade hm out of affecton. And takng the anket he
went agan on the fourteenth nght of the back fortnght to the cemetery
where he had frst obtaned t; and after he had entered that cemetery whch
-----Fe: 226.png---------------------------------------------------------
was fu of Rkshasas as t was of trees, besmrched wth the copous smoke
of the funera pyres, and wth men hangng from ther trunks|*| whch
were weghed down and surrounded wth nooses, he dd not at frst see that
woman that he had seen before, but he thought of an admrabe devce for
obtanng
that braceet, whch was nothng ese than the seng of human fesh.|*|
So he pued down a corpse from the noose by whch t was suspended on
the tree, and he wandered about n the cemetery, cryng aoud--"Human
fesh for sae, buy, buy!" And mmedatey a woman caed to hm from a
dstance, sayng, "Courageous man, brng the human fesh and come aong
wth me." When he heard that, he advanced foowng that woman, and behed
at no great dstance under a tree a ady of heaveny appearance, surrounded
wth women, sttng on a throne, gtterng wth |eweed ornaments, whom
he woud never have expected to fnd n such a pace, any more than to fnd
a otus n a desert. And havng been ed up by that woman, he
approached the ady seated as has been descrbed, and sad, "Here
I am, I se human fesh, buy, buy!" And then the ady of heaveny
appearance sad to hm, "Courageous hero, for what prce w you
se the fesh?" Then the hero, wth the corpse hangng over hs
shouder and back, sad to her, shewng her at the same tme that snge
|eweed anket whch was n hs hand, "I w gve ths fesh to whoever
w gve me a second anket ke ths one; f you have got a second ke t,
take the fesh." When she heard that, she sad to hm, "I have a second
ke t, for ths very snge anket was taken by you from me. I am that
very woman who was seen by you near the mpaed man, but you do not
recognse me now, because I have assumed another shape. So what s the
use of fesh? If you do what I te you, I w gve you my second anket,
whch matches the one n your hand." When she sad ths to the hero, he
consented and sad, "I w mmedatey do whatever you say." Then she
tod hm her whoe desre from the begnnng: "There s, good sr, a cty
named Trghan|t.|a on a peak of the Hmayas. In t there ved a heroc
prnce of the Rkshasas named Lamba|hva. I am hs wfe, Vdyuchchhkh
by name, and I can change my form at w. And as fate woud have t,
that husband of mne, after the brth of my daughter, was san n batte
fghtng n front of the kng Kapasphota; then that kng beng peased
gave me hs own cty, and I have ved wth my daughter n great comfort
on ts proceeds up to the present tme. And that daughter of mne has
by ths tme grown up to fresh womanhood, and I have great anxety
n my mnd as to how to obtan for her a brave husband. Then beng here
on the fourteenth nght of the unar fortnght, and seeng you comng
* Skandha when apped to the Rkshasas means shouder.
* Lteray great fesh. "Great" seems to gve the dea of unawfuness, as n the
Greek |Greek: mega hergon|.
-----Fe: 227.png---------------------------------------------------------
aong ths way wth the kng, I thought--'Ths good-ookng youth s a
hero and a ft match for my daughter. So why shoud I not devse some
stratagem for obtanng hm?' Thus I determned, and mtatng the voce
of an mpaed person, I asked for water, and brought you nto the mdde
of that cemetery by a trck. And there I exhbted my deusve power n
assumng a fase shape and other characterstcs, and sayng what was fase
I mposed upon you there, though ony for a moment. And I artfuy eft
one of my ankets there to attract you agan, ke a bndng chan to draw
you, and then I came away. And to-day I have obtaned you by that very
expedent, so come to my house; marry my daughter and receve the other
anket." When the Rkshas sad ths to hm, the hero consented, and by
means of her magc power he went wth her through the ar to her cty.
And he saw that cty but of god on a peak of the Hmayas, ke the
orb of the sun fxed n one spot, beng weary wth the to of wanderng
through the heavens. There he marred that daughter of the prnce of
the Rkshasas, by name Vdyutprabh, ke the success of hs own darng
ncarnate n body form. And A|'s|okadatta dwet wth that oved one
some tme n that cty, en|oyng great comfort by means of hs mother-n-aw's
weath. Then he sad to hs mother-n-aw, "Gve me that anket,
for I must now go to the cty of Benares, for I mysef ong ago promsed
the kng that I woud brng a second anket, that woud ve wth the frst
one so dstngushed for ts unparaeed beauty." The mother-n-aw, havng
been thus entreated by her son-n-aw, gave hm that second anket of hers,
and n addton a goden otus.
Then he eft that cty wth the anket and the otus, after promsng
to return, and hs mother-n-aw by the power of her magc knowedge
carred hm once more through the ar to the cemetery. And then she
stopped under the tree and sad to hm, "I aways come here on the fourteenth
nght of the back fortnght, and whenever you come here on that|*|
nght, you w fnd me here under the banyan-tree." When A|'s|okadatta
heard ths, he agreed to come there on that nght, and took eave of that
Rkshas, and went frst to hs father's house. And |ust as he was gaddenng
by hs unexpected arrva hs parents, who were greved by such an absence of
hs,whch doubed ther gref for ther separaton from ther younger son, the
kng hs father-n-aw, who had heard of hs arrva, came n. The kng nduged
n a ong outburst of |oy, embracng hm who bent before hm, wth
mbs the hars of whch stood on end ke thorns, as f terrfed at touchng
one so darng.|*| Then A|'s|okadatta entered wth hm the paace of the kng,
* Readng tasyn for tasmn.
* Somadeva no doubt means that the hars on the kng's body stood on end
wth
|oy.
-----Fe: 228.png---------------------------------------------------------
ke |oy ncarnate n body form, and he gave to the knd those two ankets
matched together, whch so to speak prased hs vaour wth ther tnkng,
and he bestowed on that kng the beautfu goden otus, as t were the
otus, wth whch the presdng Fortune of the Rkshasas' treasure pays,
torn, from her hand; then beng questoned out of curosty by the kng
and queen he tod the story of hs expots, whch poured nectar nto ther
ears. The kng then excamed--"Is gtterng gory, whch astonshes
the mnd by the descrpton of wonderfu expots, ever obtaned wthout
a man's brngng hmsef to dspay bodness?" Thus the kng spake on
that occason, and he and the queen, who had obtaned the par of ankets,
consdered ther ob|ect n fe attaned, now that they had such a son-n-aw.
And then that paace, resoundng wth festa nstruments, appeared as f
t were chantng the vrtues of A|s'|okadatta. And on the next day the kng
dedcated the goden otus n a tempe made by hmsef, pacng t upon a
beautfu sver vesse; and the two together, the vesse and the otus, geamed
whte and red ke the gory of the kng and the mght* of A|s'|okadatta.
And behodng them thus, the kng, a devout worshpper of S'va, wth eyes
expanded wth |oy, spoke nspred wth the rapture of adoraton, "Ah! ths
ofty vesse appears, wth ths otus upon t, ke S'va whte wth ashes, wth
hs auburn matted ocks. If I had a second goden otus ke t, I woud
pace t n ths second sver vesse." When A|s'|okadatta heard ths
speech of the kng's, he sad, "I, kng, w brng you a second goden otus;"
when the kng heard that, he answered hm, "I have no need of another
otus, a truce to your temerty!" Then as days went on, A|s'|okadatta
beng desrous of brngng a goden otus, the fourteenth day of the
back fortnght returned; and that evenng the sun, the goden otus of the
sky-ake, went to the mountan of settng, as f out of fear, knowng
hs desre for a goden otus; and when the shades of nght, brown as
smoke, began mmedatey to spread everywhere ke Rkshasas, proud of
havng swaowed the red couds of evenng as f they were raw fesh, and
the mouth of nght, ke that of an awfu femae gobn, began to yawn,
shnng and terrbe as tama, fu of fckerng fames,* A|s'|okadatta of
hs own accord eft the paace where the prncess was aseep, and agan
went to that cemetery. There he behed at the foot of that banyan-tree hs
mother-n-aw the Rkshas, who had agan come, and who receved hm
wth a courteous wecome, and wth her the youth went agan to her home,
the peak of the Hmayas, where hs wfe was anxousy awatng hm.
And after he had remaned some tme wth hs wfe, he sad to hs mother-n-
aw,
"Gve me a second goden otus from somewhere or other." When
* Accordng to the canons of Hndu rhetorc gory s aways whte.
* Nght s compared to a femae gobn, (Rkshas). Those creatures have fery
mouths.
-----Fe: 229.png---------------------------------------------------------
she heard that, she sad to hm, "Whence can I procure another goden
otus? But there s a ake here beongng to our kng Kapasphot.a,
where goden otuses of ths knd grow on a sdes. From that ake he
gave that one otus to my husband as a token of affecton." When she sad
ths, he answered her, "Then take me to that ake, n order that I may mysef
take a goden otus from t." She then attempted to dssuade hm
sayng, "It s mpossbe; for the ake s guarded by terrbe Rkshasas;"
but nevertheess he woud not desst from hs mportunty." Then at ast hs
mother-n-aw was wth much dffcuty nduced to take hm there, and he
behed from afar that heaveny ake on the pateau of a ofty mountan,
covered wth dense and ta-staked otuses of geamng god, as f from
contnuay facng the sun's rays they had drunk them n, and so become
nterpenetrated wth them.
So he went there and began to gather the otuses, and whe he was
thus engaged, the terrbe Rkshasas, who guarded t, endeavoured to prevent
hm from dong so. And beng armed he ked some of them, but
the others fed and tod ther kng Kapasphot.a,|*| and when that kng of
the Rkshasas heard of t, he was enraged and came there hmsef, and saw
A'sokadatta wth the otuses he had carred off. And n hs astonshment
he excamed as he recognsed hs brother: "What! s ths my brother
A'sokadatta come here?" Then he fung away hs weapon, and wth hs
eyes washed wth tears of |oy, he qucky ran and fe at hs feet, and sad
to hm: "I am V|ayadatta, your younger brother, we are both the sons of
that exceent Brhman Govndasvmn. And by the appontment of destny,
I became a Rkshasa such as you see, and have contnued such for
ths ong tme, and I am caed Kapasphot.a from my ceavng the sku
on the funera pyre."
But now from seeng you I have remembered my former Brhman
nature, and that Rkshasa nature of mne, that couded my mnd wth deuson,
has eft me." When V|ayadatta sad ths, A'sokadatta embraced
hm, and so to speak, washed wth copous tears of |oy hs body defed by the
Rkshasa nature. And whe he was thus engaged, there descended from
heaven by dvne command the sprtua gude of the Vdydharas, named
Kau'ska. And he approachng these two brothers, sad, "You and your
famy are a Vdydharas, who have been reduced to ths state by a curse,
and now the curse of a of you has termnated. So receve these scences,
whch beong to you, and whch you must share wth your reatons. And
return to your own proper dweng takng wth you your reatons."
Havng sad ths, the sprtua gude, after bestowng the scences on them,
ascended to heaven.
And they, havng become Vdydharas, awoke from ther ong dream,
* Cp. Scansche Marchen coected by Laura Von Gonzenbach, Vo. 1, p. 160.
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and went through the ar to that peak of the Hmayas, takng wth them
the goden otuses, and there A|'s|okadatta repared to hs wfe the daughter
of the kng of the Rkshasas, and then her curse came to an end, and she
became a Vdydhar. And those two brothers went n a moment wth
that far-eyed one to Benares, traveng through the ar. And there they
vsted ther parents, who were scorched wth the fre of separaton, and
refreshed
them by pourng upon them the revvfyng nectar of ther own
appearance. And those two, who, wthout changng the body, had gone
through such wonderfu transformatons, produced |oy not ony n ther
parents, but n the peope at arge. And when V|ayadatta's father, after so
ong a separaton, foded hm n a cose embrace, he fed fu not ony hs
arms, but aso hs desre. Then the kng Pratpamukuta, the father-n-aw
of A|'s|okadatta, hearng of t, came there n hgh deght; and A|'s|okadatta,
beng kndy receved by the kng, entered wth hs reatons the kng's
paace, n whch hs beoved was anxousy awatng hm, and whch was n a
state of festa re|ocng. And he gave many goden otuses to that kng,
and the kng was deghted at gettng more than he had asked for. Then
V|ayadatta's father Govndasvmn, fu of wonder and curosty, sad to
hm n the presence of a: "Te me, my son, what sort of adventures you
had, after you had become a Rkshasa n the cemetery durng the nght."
Then V|ayadatta sad to hm--"My father, when n my reckess frvoty I
had coven the burnng sku on the funera pyre, as fate woud have t, I
mmedatey, as you saw, became a Rkshasa by ts brans havng entered
my mouth, beng bewdered wth deuson. Then I was summoned by the
other Rkshasas, who gave me the name of Kapasphota, and I |oned
them. And then I was ed by them to ther soveregn the kng of the Rkshasas,
and he, when he saw me, was peased wth me and apponted me
commander-n-chef. And once on a tme that kng of the Rkshasas went
n hs nfatuaton to attack the Gandharvas, and was there san n batte
by hs foes. And then hs sub|ects accepted my rue, so I dwet n hs
cty and rued those Rkshasas, and whe I was there, I suddeny behed
that eder brother of mne A|'s|okadatta, who had come for goden otuses,
and the sght of hm put a stop to that Rkshasa nature n me. What
foows, how we were reeased from the power of the curse, and thereby
recovered our scences,|*| a ths my eder brother w reate to you."
When V|ayadatta had tod ths story, A|'s|okadatta began to te hs from
the begnnng: "Long ago we were Vdydharas, and from the heaven we
behed the daughters of the hermts bathng n the Ganges near the hermtage
of Gava,|*| and then we fe suddeny n ove wth them, and they re-*
* Magca scences, n vrtue of whch they were Vdydharas or scence-
hoders.
* A son or pup of Vsvmtra.
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turned our affecton; a ths took pace n secret, but ther reatons, who
possessed heaveny nsght, found t out and cursed us n ther anger:
'May you two wcked ones be born both of you to a morta woman, and
then you sha be separated n a marveous manner, but when the second
of you sha behod the frst arrved n a dstant and, naccessbe to man,
and sha recognse hm, then you sha have your magc knowedge restored
to you by the sprtua preceptor of the Vdydharas, and you sha agan
become Vdydharas, reeased from the curse and re-unted to your frends.'
Havng been cursed n ths way by those hermts, we were both born
here n ths and, and you know the whoe story of our separaton,
and now by gong to the cty of the kng of the Rkshasas, by vrtue
of my mother-n-aw's magc power, to fetch the goden otuses, I
have found ths younger brother of mne. And n that very pace we
obtaned the scences from our preceptor Pra|naptkau|'s|ka, and suddeny
becomng Vdydharas we have qucky arrved here." Thus A|'s|okadatta
spoke, and then that hero of varous adventures, deghted at havng
escaped the darkness of the curse, bestowed on hs parents and hs beoved,
the daughter of the kng, hs own wonderfu scences of many knds,
so that ther mnds were suddeny awakened, and they became Vdydharas.
Then the happy hero took eave of the kng, and wth hs brother, hs
parents, and hs two wves, few up, and qucky reached through the ar
the paace of hs emperor. There he behed hm, and receved hs orders,
and so dd hs brother, and he bore henceforth the name of A|'s|okavega, and
hs brother of V|ayavega. And both the brothers, havng become nobe
Vdydhara youths, went, accompaned by ther reatons, to the spendd
mountan named Govndakta, whch now became ther home. And
Pratpamukuta
the kng of Benares, overpowered by wonder, paced one of the
goden otuses n the second vesse n hs tempe, and offered to |'S|va the
other goden otuses presented by A|'s|okadatta, and deghted wth the honour
of hs connexon, consdered hs famy hghy fortunate.
"Thus dvne persons become ncarnate for some reason, and are born n
ths word of men, and possessng ther natve vrtue and courage, attan
successes
whch t s hard to wn. So I am persuaded that you, O sea of courage,
are some porton of a dvnty, and w attan success as you desre; darng
n achevements hard to accompsh even by the great, generay ndcates a
sur-passngy exceent nature. Moreover the prncess Kanakarekh, whom
you ove, must surey be a heaveny beng, otherwse beng a mere chd how
coud she desre a husband that has seen the Goden Cty?" Havng
heard n secret ths ong and nterestng story from Vshnudatta, |'S|aktdeva
desrng n hs heart to behod the Goden Cty, and supportng hmsef wth
resoute patence, managed to get through the nght.
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CHAPTER XXVI.
The next mornng, whe |'S|aktdeva was dweng n the monastery n
the sand of Utsthaa, Satyavrata, the kng of the fshermen, came to hm,
and sad to hm n accordance wth the promse whch he had made before,
"Brhman, I have thought of a devce for accompshng your wsh; there
s a far se n the mdde of the sea named Ratnakta, and n t there s
a tempe of the adorabe Vshnu founded by the Ocean, and on the twefth
day of the whte fortnght of |'A|shdha there s a festva there wth a
processon, and peope come there dgenty from a the sands to offer
worshp. It s possbe that some one there mght know about the Goden
Cty, so come et us go there, for that day s near." When Satyavrata made
ths proposa, |'S|aktdeva consented gady, and took wth hm the provsons
for the |ourney furnshed by Vshnudatta. Then he went on board the
shp brought by Satyavrata, and qucky set out wth hm on the ocean-path,
and as he was gong wth Satyavrata on the home of marves|*| n
whch the monsters resembed sands, he asked the kng, who was steerng
the shp, "What s ths enormous ob|ect whch s seen n the sea far off
n ths drecton, ookng ke a huge mountan equpped wth wngs rsng
at w out of the sea?" Then Satyavrata sad: "Brhman, ths s a banyan-
tree,|*|
underneath t they say that there s a ggantc whrpoo, the mouth of
the submarne fre. And we must take care n passng ths way to avod
that spot, for those who once enter that whrpoo never return agan."
Whe Satyavrata was thus speakng, the shp began to be carred n that
very drecton by the force of the wnd;|*| when Satyavrata saw ths, he
agan sad to |'S|aktdeva: "Brhman, t s cear that the tme of our destructon
has now arrved, for see, ths shp suddeny drfts|*| n that drecton.
And now I cannot anyhow prevent t, so we are certan to be cast nto that
deep whrpoo, as nto the mouth of death, by the sea whch draws us on
as f t were mghty fate, the resut of our deeds. And t greves me not
for mysef, for whose body s contnung? But t greves me to thnk that
your desre has not been accompshed n spte of a your tos, so whe I
keep back ths shp for a moment, qucky cmb on to the boughs of ths
banyan-tree, perhaps some expedent may present tsef for savng the fe of
one of such nobe form, for who can cacuate the caprces of fate or the waves
* I.e. the Ocean.
* Compare the |Greek: herueos megas thuos teths| n the Odyssey, Book
XII., 103.
* The metre of ths ne s ncorrect. There s a superfuous syabe. Perhaps
we ought to read ambuvegatah, by the current.
* I thnk we ought to read adhah, downwards.
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of the sea?" Whe the heroc Satyavrata was sayng ths, the shp drew near
the tree; at that moment |'S|aktdeva made a eap n hs terror, and caught
a broad branch of that marne banyan-tree,|*| but Satyavrata's body and
shp, whch he offered for another, were swept down nto the whrpoo, and
he entered the mouth of the submarne fre. But |'S|aktdeva, though he had
escaped to the bough of that tree, whch fed the regons wth ts branches,
was fu of despar and refected--"I have not behed that Goden Cty, and
I am pershng n an unnhabted pace, moreover I have aso brought about
the death of that kng of the fshermen. Or rather who can resst the
awfu goddess of Destny, that ever paces her foot upon the heads of a
men?|*| Whe the Brhman youth was thus revovng thoughts suted to
the occason on the trunk of the tree, the day came to an end. And n the
evenng he saw many enormous brds, of the nature of vutures, comng
nto that banyan-tree from a quarters, fng the sdes of heaven wth
ther cres, and the waves of the sea, that was ashed by the wnd of
ther broad wngs, appeared as f runnng to meet them out of affecton
produced by ong acquantance.
Then he, conceaed by the dense eaves, overheard the conversaton of
those brds perched on the branches, whch was carred on n human anguage.
One descrbed some dstant sand, another a mountan, another a
dstant regon as the pace where he had gone to roam durng the day, but
an od brd among them sad, "I went to-day to the Goden Cty to dsport
mysef, and to-morrow mornng I sha go there agan to feed at my ease,
for what s the use of my takng a ong and fatgung |ourney?" |'S|aktdeva's
sorrow was removed by that speech of the brd's, whch resembed a
sudden shower of nectar, and he thought to hmsef, "Bravo! that cty
does exst, and now I have an nstrument for reachng t, ths ggantc brd
gven me as a means of conveyance." Thnkng thus, |'S|aktdeva sowy
advanced and hd hmsef among the back-feathers of that brd whe t was
aseep, and next mornng, when the other brds went off n dfferent drectons,
that vuture exhbtng a strange partaty to the Brhman ke destny,|*|
carryng |'S|aktdeva unseen on hs back where he had cmbed up, went
mmedatey to the Goden Cty to feed agan.|*| Then the brd aghted n
* Cp. Odyssey XII., 432 |Greek: autar heg pot makron herneon upsos
haerthes
t prosphus hechomn s nukters|. See aso Lane's Araban
Nghts, Vo. III, p. 7.
* |Greek: ha ara ge kat handrn kraata bane|. Iad XIX, v. 93.
* Pakshapta aso means fappng of wngs. So there s probaby a pun here.
* So n the Swedsh tae "The Beautfu Paace East of the Sun and North of the
Earth," the Phoenx carres the youth on hs back to the Paace. Dr. Rost
compares
Araban Nghts, Nght 77. See Lane, Vo. III, p. 17 and compare the Hacyon n
Lucan's Vera Hstora, Book II. 40, (Tanchntz edton,) whose nest s seven
mes n
crcumference, and whose egg s probaby the prototype of that n the Araban
Nghts.
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a garden, and |'S|aktdeva got down from ts back unobserved and eft t, but
whe he was roamng about there, he saw two women engaged n gatherng
fowers; he approached them sowy, who were astonshed at hs appearance,
and he asked them, "What pace s ths, good ades, and who are you?"
And they sad to hm: "Frend, ths s a cty caed the Goden Cty, a seat
of the Vdydharas, and n t there dwes a Vdydhar, named Chandraprabh,
and know that we are the gardeners n her garden, and we are
gatherng these fowers for her." Then the Brhman sad; "Obtan for me
an ntervew wth your mstress here." When they heard ths, they consented,
and the two women conducted the young man to the paace n ther cty.
When he reached t, he saw that t was gtterng wth pars of precous
stones, and had was of god,|*| as t were the very rendezvous of prosperty.
And a the attendants, when they saw hm arrved there, went and tod
Chandraprabh the marveous tdngs of the arrva of a morta; then she
gave a command to the warder, and mmedatey had the Brhman brought
nto the paace and conducted nto her presence; when he entered, he
behed her there gvng a feast to hs eyes, ke the Creator's abty to
create marves, represented n body form. And she rose from her |eweed
couch, whe he was st far off, and honoured hm wth a wecome hersef,
overpowered by behodng hm. And when he had taken a seat, she asked
hm, "Auspcous sr, who are you, that have come here n such guse, and how
dd you reach ths and naccessbe to men?" When Chandraprabh n her
curosty asked hm ths queston, |'S|aktdeva tod her hs country and hs
brth and hs name, and he reated to her how he had come n order to obtan
the prncess Kanakarekh as the reward of behodng the Goden Cty.
When Chandraprabh heard that, she thought a tte and heaved a deep
sgh, and sad to |'S|aktdeva n prvate; "Lsten, I am now about to te you
somethng, fortunate sr. There s n ths and a kng of the Vdydharas
named |'S|a|'s|khanda, and we four daughters were born to hm n due course;
I am the edest Chandraprabh, and the next s Chandrarekh, and the
thrd s |"S|asrekh and the fourth |'S|a|'s|prabh. We graduay grew up to
womanhood n our father's house, and once upon a tme those three ssters
of mne went together to the shore of the Ganges to bathe, whe I was
detaned at home by ness; then they began to pay n the water, and n
the nsoence of youth they sprnked wth water a hermt named Agryatapas,
whe he was n the stream. That hermt n hs wrath cursed those
grs, who had carred ther merrment too far, sayng:--"You wcked madens,
be born a of you n the word of mortas." When our father heard that,
he went and pacfed the great hermt, and the hermt tod how the curse of
each of them severay shoud end, and apponted to each of them n her
morta condton the power of rememberng her former exstence,
suppemented
wth dvne nsght. Then, they havng eft ther bodes and gone
* We shoud read sauvarnabhtt.
-----Fe: 235.png---------------------------------------------------------
to the word of men, my father bestowed on me ths cty, and n hs gref
went to the forest, but whe I was dweng here, the goddess Durg
nformed me n a dream that a morta shoud become my husband. For ths
reason, though my father has recommended to me many Vdydhara sutors,
I have re|ected them a and remaned unmarred up to ths day. But now
I am subdued by your wonderfu arrva and by your handsome form, and
I gve mysef to you; so I w go on the approachng fourteenth day of
the unar fortnght to the great mountan caed Rshabha to entreat my
father for your sake, for a the most exceent Vdydharas assembe there
from a quarters on that day to worshp the god |'S|va, and my father
comes there too, and after I have obtaned hs permsson, I w return
here qucky; then marry me. Now rse up."
Havng sad ths, Chandraprabh supped |'S|aktdeva wth varous knds
of uxures suted to Vdydharas, and whe he remaned there, he was as
much refreshed, as one heated by a forest confagraton woud be by bathng
n a ake of nectar. And when the fourteenth day had arrved, Chandraprabh
sad to hm: "To-day I go to entreat my father's permsson to
marry you, and a my attendants w go wth me. But you must not be
greved at beng eft aone for two days, moreover, whe you reman aone
n ths paace, you must by no means ascend the mdde terrace." When
Chandraprabh had sad ths to that young Brhman, she set out on her
|ourney eavng her heart wth hm, and escorted on her way by hs. And
|'S|aktdeva, remanng there aone, wandered from one magnfcent part of
the paace to another, to deght hs mnd; and then he fet a curosty to
know why that daughter of the Vdydhara had forbdden hm to ascend
the roof of the paace, and so he ascended that mdde terrace of the paace,
for men are generay ncned to do that whch s forbdden: and when he
had ascended t, he saw three conceaed pavons, and he entered one of
them, the door of whch was open, and when he had entered t he saw a
certan
woman yng on a magnfcenty |eweed sofa, on whch there was a
mattress paced, whose body was hdden by a sheet. But when he fted
up the sheet and ooked, he behed yng dead n that guse that beautfu
maden, the daughter of kng Paropakrn; and when he saw her there, he
thought, "What s ths great wonder? Is she seepng a seep from whch
there s no awakng, or s t a compete deuson on my part? That woman,
for whose sake I have traveed to ths foregn and, s yng here wthout
breath, though she s ave n my own country, and she st retans her
beauty unmpared, so I may be certan that ths s a a magc show, whch
the Creator for some reason or other exhbts to begue me." Thnkng
thus, he proceeded to enter n successon those other two pavons,
and he behed wthn them n the same way two other madens; then
he went n hs astonshment out of the paace, and sttng down he
-----Fe: 236.png---------------------------------------------------------
remaned ookng at a very beautfu ake beow t, and on ts bank
he behed a horse wth a |eweed sadde; so he descended mmedatey from
where he was, and out of curosty approached ts sde; and seeng
that t had no rder on t, he tred to mount t, and that horse
struck hm wth ts hee and fung hm nto the ake. And after he had
sunk beneath the surface of the ake, the qucky rose up to hs astonshment
from the mdde of a garden-ake n hs own cty of Vardhamna; and he
saw hmsef suddeny standng n the water of a ake n hs own natve cty,
ke the kumuda pants, mserabe wthout the ght of the moon.|*| He refected
"How dfferent s ths cty of Vardhamana from that cty of the
Vdydharas! Aas! what s ths great dspay of marveous deuson? Aas!
I, -fated wretch, am wonderfuy deceved by some strange power; or
rather, who on ths earth knows what s the nature of destny?" Thus refectng
S'aktdeva rose from the mdst of the ake, and went n a state of
wonder to hs own father's house. There he made a fase representaton,
gvng as an excuse for hs absence that he had been hmsef gong about
wth a drum, and beng gady wecomed by hs father he remaned wth hs
deghted reatons; and on the second day he went outsde hs house, and
heard agan these words beng procamed n the cty by beat of drum,--"Let
whoever, beng a Brhman or a Kshatrya, has reay seen the Goden
Cty, say so: the kng w gve hm hs daughter, and make hm crown-prnce."
Then S'aktdeva hearng that, havng successfuy accompshed
the task, agan went and sad to those who were procamng ths by beat
of drum,--"I have seen that cty." And they took hm before that kng,
and the kng recognsng hm, supposed that he was agan sayng what was
untrue, as he had done before. But he sad--"If I say what s fase, and
f I have not reay seen that cty, I desre now to be punshed wth
death; et the prncess hersef examne me." When he sad ths, the kng
went and had hs daughter summoned by hs servants. She, when she saw
that Brahman, whom she had seen before, agan sad to the kng; "My
father, he w te us some fasehood agan." Then S'aktdeva sad to
her,--"Prncess, whether I speak truy or fasey, be peased to expan
ths pont whch exctes my curosty. How s t that I saw you yng
* Or Chandraprabh, whoso name means "ght of the moon." The forbdden
chamber w at once remnd the reader of Perraut's La Barbe Boue. The ake
ncdent
s exacty smar to one n Chapter 81 of ths work and to that of Kandarpaketu
n the Htopade|-s|a. See Raston's Russan Fok-taes page 99. He refers to ths
story and
compares t wth that of the Thrd Roya Mendcant, Lane I, 160-173, and gves
many
European equvaents. See aso Veckenstedt's Wendsche Sagen, p. 214. Many
paraes
w be found n the notes to Grmm's Murchen, Nos. 3 and 46; to whch Raston
refers n hs exhaustve note.
-----Fe: 237.png---------------------------------------------------------
dead on a sofa n the goden cty, and yet see you here ave?" When the
prncess Kanakarekh had been asked ths queston by S'aktdeva, and
furnshed
wth ths token of hs truth, she sad n the presence of her father:
"It s true that ths great-hearted one has seen that cty, and n a short
tme he w be my husband, when I return to dwe there. And there he
w marry my other three ssters; and he w govern as kng the Vdydharas
n that cty. But I must to-day enter my own body and that cty,
for I have been born here n your house owng to the curse of a hermt,
who moreover apponted that my curse shoud end n the foowng way,
'When you sha be wearng a human form, and a man, havng behed your
body n the Goden Cty, sha revea the truth, then you sha be freed
from your curse, and that man sha become your husband.' And though
I am n a human body I remember my orgn, and I possess supernatura
knowedge, so I w now depart to my own Vdydhara home, to a happy
fortune." Sayng ths the prncess eft her body, and vanshed, and a confused
cry arose n the paace. And S'aktdeva, who had now ost both the
madens, thnkng over the two beoved ones whom he had ganed by varous
dffcut tos, and who yet were not ganed, and not ony greved but bamng
hmsef, wth hs desres not accompshed, eft the kng's paace and
n a moment went through the foowng tran of thought: "Kanakarekh
sad that I shoud attan my desre; so why do I despond, for success
depends upon courage? I w agan go to the Goden Cty by the same
path, and destny w wthout doubt agan provde me wth a means of
gettng there." Thus refectng S'aktdeva set out from that cty, for
resoute men who have once undertaken a pro|ect do not turn back wthout
accompshng ther ob|ect. And |ourneyng on, he agan reached after a
ong tme that cty named Vtankapura, stuated on the shore of the sea.
And there he saw the merchant comng to meet hm, wth whom he orgnay
went to sea, and whose shp was wrecked there. He thought, "Can ths
be Samudradatta, and how can he have escaped after fang nto the sea?
But how can t be otherwse? I mysef am a strange ustraton of ts possbty."
Whe he approached the merchant thnkng thus, the merchant recognsed
hm, and embraced hm n hs deght, and he took hm to hs own
house and after entertanng hm, asked hm--"When the shp foundered,
how dd you escape from the sea?" S'aktdeva then tod hm hs whoe hstory,
how, after beng swaowed by a fsh, he frst reached the sand of Utsthaa,
and then he asked the good merchant n hs turn: "Te me aso how you
escaped from the sea." Then the merchant sad, "After I fe nto the sea
that tme, I remaned foatng for three days supported on a pank. Then
a shp suddeny came that way, and I, cryng out, was descred by those n
her, and taken on board her. And when I got on board, I saw my own
father who had gone to a dstant sand ong before, and was now returnng
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after a ong absence. My father, when he saw me, recognsed me, and
embracng me asked my story wth tears, and I tod t hm as foows--'My
'My father, you had been away for a ong tme and had not returned,
and so I set about tradng mysef, thnkng t was my proper empoyment;
then on my way to a dstant sand my shp was wrecked, and
I was punged n the sea, and you have found me and rescued me.'
When I had sad ths to hm, my father asked me reproachfuy--
'Why do you run such rsks? For I possess weath, my son, and I am
engaged n acqurng t, see, I have brought you back ths shp fu of god.'
Thus spoke my father to me, and comfortng me took me home n that
very shp to my own dweng n Vtankapura." When S'aktdeva had heard
ths account from the merchant, and had rested that nght, he sad to hm
on the next day--"Great merchant, I must once more go to the sand of
Utsthaa, so te me how I can get there now." The merchant sad to
hm--"Some agents of mne are preparng to go there to-day, so go on
board the shp, and set out wth them." Thereupon the Brhman set out
wth the merchant's agents to go to that sand of Utsthaa, and by
chance the sons of the kng of the fshermen saw hm there, and when
they were near hm, they recognsed hm and sad,--"Brhman, you
went wth our father to search here and there for the Goden Cty,
and how s t that you have come back here to-day aone?" Then
S'aktdeva sad, "Your father, when out at sea, fe nto the mouth of
the submarne fre, hs shp havng been dragged down by the current."
When those sons of the fsher-kng heard that, they were angry and sad
to ther servants--"Bnd ths wcked man, for he has murdered our father.
Otherwse how coud t have happened that, when two men were n the
same shp, one shoud have faen nto the mouth of the submarne fre, and
the other escaped t. So we must to-morrow mornng sacrfce our father's
murderer n front of the goddess Durg, treatng hm as a vctm."
Havng sad ths to ther servants, those sons of the fsher-kng bound
S'aktdeva, and took hm off to the awfu tempe of Durg, the bey of whch,
was enarged, as f t contnuay swaowed many ves, and whch was ke
the mouth of death devourng tama wth pro|ectng teeth. There S'aktdeva
remaned bound durng the nght n fear for hs fe, and he thus
prayed to the goddess Durg,--"Adorabe one, granter of boons, thou ddst
dever the word wth thy form whch was ke the orb of the rsng sun,
appearng as f t had drunk ts f of the bood gushng freey from the
throat of the gant Ruru;|*| therefore dever me, thy constant votary, who
have come a ong dstance out of desre to obtan my beoved, but am now
faen wthout cause nto the power of my enemes." Thus he prayed to
* The Dnavas|**?**| are a cass of demons or gants. Ruru was a Dnava san
by
Durg.
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the goddess, and wth dffcuty went off to seep, and n the nght he saw a
woman come out of the nner ce of the tempe; that woman of heaveny
beauty came up to hm, and sad wth a compassonate manner, "Do not
fear, S'aktdeva, no harm sha happen to you. The sons of that fsher-kng
have a sster named Vndumat, that maden sha see you n the
mornng and cam you for a husband, and you must agree to that, she w
brng about your deverance: and she s not of the fsher-caste: for she
s a ceesta femae degraded n consequence of a curse." When he heard
ths, he woke up, and n the mornng that fsher-maden came to the tempe,
a shower of nectar to hs eyes. And announcng hersef, she came up to
hm and sad n her eagerness, "I w have you reeased from ths prson,
therefore do what I desre. For I have refused a these sutors approved
of by my brothers, but the moment I saw you, ove arose n my sou,
therefore marry me." When Vndumat, the daughter of the fsher-kng,
sad ths to hm, S'aktdeva rememberng hs dream, accepted her proposa
gady; she procured hs reease, and he marred that far one, whose wsh
was gratfed by her brothers recevng the command to do so from Durg
n a dream. And he ved there wth that heaveny creature that had
assumed a human form, obtaned soey by hs merts n a former fe, as f
wth happy success. And one day, as he was standng upon the roof of hs
paace, he saw a Chanda comng aong wth a oad of cow's fesh, and he
sad to hs beoved--"Look, sender one! how can ths evdoer eat the
fesh of cows, those anmas that are the ob|ect of veneraton to the three
words?" Then Vndumat, hearng that, sad to her husband; "The wckedness
of ths act s nconcevabe, what can we say n paaton of t. I
have been born n ths race of fshermen for a very sma offence owng to
the mght of cows, but what can atone for ths man's sn?" When she
sad ths, S'aktdeva sad to her;--"That s wonderfu: te me, my beoved,
who you are, and how you came to be born n a famy of fshermen." When
he asked ths wth much mportunty, she sad to hm, "I w te you,
though t s a secret, f you promse to do what I ask you." He affrmed
wth an oath; " Yes, I w do what you ask me."
She then tod hm frst what she desred hm to do; "In ths sand you
w soon marry another wfe, and she, my husband, w soon became
pregnant,
and n the eghth month of her pregnancy you must cut her open and
take out the chd, and you must fee no compuncton about t." Thus she
sad, and he was astonshed, excamng, "What can ths mean?" and he was
fu of horror, but that daughter of the fsher-kng went on to say, "Ths
request of mne you must perform for a certan reason; now hear who I
am, and how I came to be born n a famy of fshermen. Long ago n a
former brth I was a certan Vdydhar, and now I have faen nto the
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word of men n consequence of a curse. For when I was a Vdydhar, I
bt asunder some strngs wth my teeth and fastened them to yres, and t
s owng to that that I have been born here n the house of a fsherman.
So, f such a degradaton s brought about by touchng the mouth wth the
dry snew of a cow, much more terrbe must be the resut of eatng cow's
fesh!" Whe she was sayng ths, one of her brothers rushed n n a state
of perturbaton, and sad to |'S|aktdeva, "Rse up, an enormous boar has
appeared from somewhere or other, and after sayng nnumerabe persons
s comng ths way n ts prde, towards us." When |'S|aktdeva heard that,
he descended from hs paace, and mountng a horse, spear n hand,|*| he
gaoped to meet the boar, and struck t the moment he saw t, but when
the hero attacked hm the boar fed, and managed, though wounded, to
enter a cavern: and |'S|aktdeva entered there n pursut of hm, and
mmedatey
behed a great garden-shrubbery wth a house. And when he was
there, he behed a maden of very wonderfu beauty, comng n a state of
agtaton to meet hm, as f t were the goddess of the wood advancng to
receve hm out of ove.
And he asked her,--"Auspcous ady, who are you, and why are you
perturbed?"--Hearng that, the ovey one thus answered hm; "There s
a kng of the name of Cha|n.||d.|avkrama, ord of the southern regon. 1 am
hs daughter, auspcous sr, a maden named Vndurekh. But a wcked
Datya, wth famng eyes, carred me off by treachery from my father's
house to-day, and brought me here. And he, desrng fesh, assumed the
form of a boar, and saed out, but whe he was st hungry, he was perced
wth a spear to-day by some hero; and as soon as he was perced, he came
n here and ded. And I rushed out and escaped wthout beng outraged
by hm." Then |'S|aktdeva sad to her, "Then why a ths perturbaton?
For I sew that boar wth a spear, prncess." Then she sad, "Te me
who you are," and he answered her "I am a Brhman named |'S|aktdeva."
Then she sad to hm, "You must accordngy become my husband," and
the hero consentng went out of the cavern wth her. And when he
arrved at home, he tod t to hs wfe Vndumat, and wth her consent
he marred that prncess Vndurekh. So, whe |'S|aktdeva was vng there
wth hs two wves, one of hs wves Vndurekh became pregnant; and n
the eghth month of her pregnancy, the frst wfe Vndumat came up to
hm of her own accord and sad to hm, "Hero, remember what you promsed
me; ths s the eghth month of the pregnancy of your second wfe:
so go and cut her open and brng the chd here, for you cannot act contrary
to your own word of honour." When she sad ths to |'S|aktdeva, he was
bewdered by affecton and compasson; but beng bound by hs promse
* In |'S|oka 172 b. I con|ecture |'S|akthasto for |'S|aktdevo, as we read n |'S|.
181 b.
that the boar was wounded wth a |'s|akt.
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he remaned for a short tme unabe to gve an answer; at ast he departed
n a state of agtaton and went to Vndurekh; and she seeng hm come
wth troubed ar, sad to hm, "Husband, why are you despondent to-day?
Surey I know; you have been commssoned by Vndumat to take out
the chd wth whch I am pregnant; and that you must certany do, for
there s a certan ob|ect n vew, and there s no cruety n t, so do not
fee compuncton; n proof of t, hear the foowng story of Devadatta."
Story of Devadatta.
Long: ago there ved n the cty of
Kambuka a Brhman named Hardatta;
and the son of that auspcous man, who was named Devadatta, though he
studed n hs boyhood, was, as a young man, excusvey addcted to the
vce of gamng. As he had ost hs cothes and everythng by gambng,
he was not abe to return to hs father's house, so he entered once on a tme
an empty tempe. And there he saw aone a great ascetc, named |apda,
who had attaned many ob|ects by magc, and he was mutterng spes n a
corner. So he went up to hm sowy and bowed before hm, and the ascetc,
abandonng hs habt of not speakng to any one, greeted hm wth a wecome;
and after he had remaned there a moment, the ascetc, seeng hs
troube, asked hm the cause, and he tod hm of hs affcton produced by
the oss of hs weath, whch had been dsspated n gambng. Then the
ascetc sad to Devadatta; "My chd, there s not weath enough n the
whoe word to satsfy gambers; but f you desre to escape from your
caamty, do what I te you, for I have made preparatons to attan the
rank of a Vdydhara; so hep me to accompsh ths, O man of fortunate
destny,|*| you have ony to obey my orders and then your caamtes w be at
an end." When the ascetc sad ths to hm, Devadatta promsed to obey
hm, and mmedatey took up hs resdence wth hm. And the next day
the ascetc went nto a corner of the cemetery and performed worshp by
nght under a banyan-tree, and offered rce boed n mk, and fung portons
of the obaton towards the four cardna ponts, after worshppng
them, and sad to the Brhman who was n attendance on hm; "You
must worshp here n ths stye every day, and say 'Vdyutprabh, accept
ths worshp.' And then I am certan that we sha both attan our
ends;" havng sad ths the ascetc went wth hm to hs own house.
Then Devadatta, consentng, went every day and duy performed worshp
at the foot of that tree, accordng to hs nstructons. And one day, at the
end of hs worshp, the tree suddeny cave open, and a heaveny nymph
came out of t before hs eyes, and sad, "My good sr, my mstress
summons you to come to her." And then she ntroduced hm nto the
mdde of that tree. When he entered t, he behed a heaveny paace
made of |ewes, and a beautfu ady wthn t recnng upon a sofa.
* Lteray, havng auspcous marks.
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And he mmedatey thought--"Ths may be the success of our
enterprse ncarnate n body form," but whe he was thnkng thus, that
beautfu ady, recevng hm gracousy, rose wth mbs on whch the
ornaments
rang as f to wecome hm, and seated hm on her own sofa. And
she sad to hm, "Iustrous sr, I am the maden daughter of a kng
of the Yakshas, named Ratnavarsha, and I am known by the name of
Vdyutprabh; and ths great ascetc |apda was endeavourng to gan
my favour, to hm I w gve the attanment of hs ends, but you are the
ord of my fe. So, as you see my affecton, marry me." When she sad
ths, Devadatta consented, and dd so. And he remaned there some tme,
but when she became pregnant, he went to the great ascetc wth the ntenton
of returnng, and n a state of terror he tod hm a that had happened,
and the ascetc, desrng hs own success, sad to hm, "My good sr,
you have acted qute rghty, but go and cut open that Yaksh|**Other
occurrences are "Yaksh"| and
takng out the embryo, brng t qucky here." The ascetc sad ths to
hm, and then remnded hm of hs prevous promse, and beng dsmssed
by hm, the Brhman returned to hs beoved, and whe he stood there
despondent
wth refectng on what he had to do, the Yaksh Vdyutprabh of
her own accord sad to hm;--"My husband, why are you cast down? I
know, |apda has ordered you to cut me open, so cut me open and take
out ths chd, and f you refuse, I w do t mysef, for there s an ob|ect
n t." Though she sad ths to hm, the Brhman coud not brng hmsef
to do t, then she cut hersef open and took out the chd, and fung t
down before hm and sad, "Take ths, whch w enabe hm who consumes
t, to obtan the rank of a Vdydhara. But I, though propery a Vdydhar,
have been born as a Yaksh owng to a curse, and ths s the apponted end
of my curse, strange as t s, for I remember my former exstence. Now I
depart to my proper home, but we two sha meet agan n that pace."
Sayng ths Vdyutprabh vanshed from hs eyes. And Devadatta took
the chd wth sorrowfu mnd, and went to that ascetc |apda, and gave
t to hm, as that whch woud ensure the success of hs ncantatons, for
good men do not even n caamty gve way to sefshness. The great
ascetc dvded the chd's fesh, and sent Devadatta to the wood to worshp
Durg n her terrfc form. And when the Brhman came back after presentng
an obaton, he saw that the ascetc had made away wth a the fesh.
And whe he sad--"What, have you consumed t a?" the treacherous |apda,
havng become a Vdydhara, ascended to heaven. When he had
fown up, wth sword bue as the sky, adorned wth neckace and braceet,
Devadatta refected, "Aas! how I have been deceved by ths ev-mnded
one! Or rather on whom does not excessve compance enta msfortune?
So how can I revenge mysef on hm for ths turn, and how can I reach
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hm who has become a Vdydhara? We! I have no other resource n ths
matter except proptatng a Veta."|*| After he had made up hs mnd to
do ths, he went at nght to the cemetery. There he summoned at the foot
of a tree a Veta nto the body of a man, and after worshppng hm, he
made an obaton of human fesh to hm. And as that Veta was not
satsfed, and woud not wat for hm to brng more, he prepared to cut off
hs own fesh n order to gratfy hm. And mmedatey that Veta sad
to that brave man;--"I am peased wth ths courage of yours, do not act
reckessy. So, my good sr, what desre have you for me to accompsh
for you?" When the Veta sad ths, the hero answered hm; "Take me
to the dweng-pace of the Vdydharas, where s the ascetc |apda, who
deceves those that repose confdence n hm, n order that I may
punsh hm." The Veta consented, and pacng hm on hs shouder, carred
hm through the ar n a moment to the dweng of the Vdydharas;
and there he saw |apda n a paace, seated on a |eweed throne, eated
at beng a kng among the Vdydharas, endeavourng by varous speeches
to nduce that Vdyutprabh,|*| who had obtaned the rank of a Vdydhar, to
marry hm n spte of her reuctance. And the moment that the young
man saw hm, he attacked hm wth the hep of the Veta, beng to the
eyes of the deghted Vdyutprabh, what the moon, the repostory of nectar,
s to the partrdges.|*| And |apda behodng hm suddeny arrved n
ths way, dropped hs sword n hs frght, and fe from hs throne on the
foor. But Devadatta, though he had obtaned hs sword, dd not say hm,
for the great-hearted fee pty even for ther enemes when they are terrfed.
And when the Veta wanted to k hm, he dssuaded hm, and sad,
"Of what use w t be to us to k ths mserabe heretc? So take hm
and pace hm n hs own house on earth, t s better that ths wcked sku-
bearng
ascetc shoud reman there." At the very moment that Devadatta
was sayng ths, the goddess Durg descended from heaven and appeared
to hm, and sad to hm who bent before her, "My son, I am satsfed wth
thee now, on account of ths ncomparabe courage of thne; so I gve
thee on the spot the rank of kng of the Vdydharas." Havng sad ths,
she bestowed the magc scences|| on hm, and mmedatey dsappeared.
And the Veta mmedatey took |apda, whose spendour fe from hm,
and paced hm on earth; (wckedness does not ong ensure success;) and
Devadatta accompaned by Vdyutprabh, havng obtaned that soveregnty
of the Vdydharas, fourshed n hs kngdom.
* A sprt that enters dead bodes.
* I read Vdyutprabhm for Vdyadharm. But perhaps t s unnecessary.
* The Chakora s sad to subsst upon moonbeams.
* So makng hm a Vdydhara or "magc-knowedge-hoder."
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Havng tod ths story to her husband |'S|aktdeva, the softy-speakng
Vndurekh agan sad to hm wth eagerness; "Such necesstes do arse, so
cut out ths chd of mne as Vndumat tod you, wthout remorse." When
Vndurekh sad ths, |'S|aktdeva was afrad of dong wrong, but a voce
sounded from heaven at ths |uncture, "O |'S|aktdeva, take out ths chd
wthout fear, and seze t by the neck wth your hand, then t w turn nto
a sword." Havng heard ths dvne voce, he cut her open; and qucky
takng out the chd, he sezed t by the throat wth hs hand; and no sooner
dd he seze t, than t became a sword n hs hand; ke the ong har of
Good Fortune sezed by hm wth an abdng grasp. Then that Brhman
qucky became a Vdydhara, and Vndurekh that moment dsappeared.
And when he saw that, he went, as he was, to hs second wfe Vndumat,
and tod her the whoe story. She sad to hm, "My ord, we are three
ssters, the daughter of a kng of the Vdydharas, who have been banshed
from Kanakapur n consequence of a curse. The frst was Kanakarekh,
the termnaton of whose curse you behed n the cty of Vardhamna;
and she has gone to that cty of hers, her proper home. For such was
the strange end of her curse, accordng to the dspensaton of fate, and
I am the thrd sster, and now my curse s at an end. And ths very day
I must go to that cty of mne, my beoved, for there our Vdydhara bodes
reman. And my eder sster, Chandraprabh, s dweng there; so you
aso must come there qucky by vrtue of the magc power of your sword.
And you sha rue n that cty, after obtanng a four of us as wves,
bestowed upon you by our father who has retred to the forest, and others
n addton to us."
Thus Vndumat decared the truth about hersef, and |'S|aktdeva
consentng, went agan to the Cty of God, ths tme through the ar,
together wth that Vndumat. And when he arrved, he agan saw those
three darngs of hs bendng before hm, Kanakarekh and the others,
after enterng wth ther sous, as was fttng, those heaveny femae bodes,
whch he saw on a former occason extended feess on the couches n those
three pavons. And he saw that fourth sster there, Chandraprabh, who
had performed auspcous ceremones, and was drnkng n hs form wth an
eye rendered eager by seeng hm after so ong an absence. Hs arrva
was |oyfuy haed by the servants, who were occuped n ther severa
dutes, as we as by the ades, and when he entered the prvate apartments,
that Chandrapabh sad to hm--"Nobe sr, here s that prncess Kanakarekh,
who was seen by you n the cty of Vardhamna, my sster caed
Chandrarekh. And here s that daughter of the fsher kng, Vndumat,
whom you frst marred n the sand of Utsthaa, my sster |'S|a|'s|rekh. And
here s my youngest sster |'S|a|'s|prabh, the prncess who after that was
brought there by the Dnava, and then became your wfe. So now come,
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successfu hero, wth us nto the presence of our father, and qucky marry
us a, when bestowed upon you by hm."
When Chandraprabh had swfty and body uttered ths decree of
Cupd, |'S|aktdeva went wth those four to the recesses of the wood to meet
ther father, and ther father, the kng of the Vdydharas, havng been
nformed of the facts by a hs daughters who bowed at hs feet, and aso
moved by a dvne voce, wth deghted sou gave them a at once to
|'S|aktdeva. Immedatey after that, he bestowed on |'S|aktdeva hs opuent
ream n the Cty of God, and a hs magc scences, and he gave the
successfu hero hs name, by whch he was henceforth known among hs
Vdydharas. And he sad to hm; "No one ese sha conquer thee, but
from the mghty ord of Vatsa there sha sprng a unversa emperor, who
sha regn among you here under the tte of Naravhanadatta and be thy
superor, to hm aone wt thou have to submt." Wth these words the
mghty ord of the Vdydharas, named |'S|a|'s|kha|n.||d.|apada, dsmssed hs
son-n-aw
from the wood where he was practsng ascetcsm, after entertanng hm
kndy, that he mght go wth hs wves to hs own capta. Then that
|'S|aktvega, havng become a kng, entered the Cty of God, that gory of the
Vdydhara word, proceedng thther wth hs wves. Lvng n that cty,
the paaces of whch geamed wth fabrc of god, whch seemed on account
of ts great heght to be the condensed rays of the sun fang n brghtness,
he en|oyed exceedng happness wth those far-eyed wves, n charmng
gardens, the akes of whch had steps made out of |ewes.
Havng thus reated hs wonderfu hstory, the eoquent |'S|aktvega
went on to say to the kng of Vatsa, "Know me, O ord of Vatsa, ornament
of the unar race, to be that very |'S|aktdeva come here, fu of desre to
behod the two feet of your son who s |ust born, and s destned to be our
new emperor. Thus I have obtaned, though orgnay a man, the rank of
soveregn among the Vdydharas by the favour of |'S|va: and now, O kng,
I return to my own home; I have seen our future ord; may you en|oy
unfang fecty."
After fnshng hs tae, |'S|aktvega sad ths wth casped hands, and
recevng permsson to depart, mmedatey few up nto the sky ke the
moon n brghtness, and then the kng of Vatsa n the company of hs
wves, surrounded by hs mnsters, and wth hs young son, en|oyed, n hs
own capta a state of ndescrbabe fecty.
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|Bank Page|
-----Fe: 247.png---------------------------------------------------------
BOOK VI.
CHAPTER XXVII.
May the god wth the face of an eephant,|*| who appears, wth hs
head bowed down and then rased, to be contnuay threatenng the hosts
of obstaces, protect you.
I adore the god of Love, perced wth the showers of whose arrows even
the body of |'S|va seems to brste wth dense thorns, when embraced by Um.
Now hear the heaveny adventures whch Naravhanadatta, speakng of
hmsef n the thrd person, tod from the very begnnng, after he had
obtaned the soveregnty of the Vdydharas, and had been questoned about
the story of hs fe on some occason or other by the seven |R.|shs and ther
wves.
Then that Naravhanadatta beng carefuy brought up by hs father,
passed hs eghth year. The prnce ved at that tme wth the sons of the
mnsters, beng nstructed n scences, and sportng n gardens. And the
queen Vsavadatt and Padmvat aso on account of ther exceedng
affecton were devoted to hm day and nght. He was dstngushed by a
body whch was sprung from a nobe stock, and bent under the weght of
hs growng vrtues, and graduay fed out, as aso by a bow whch was
made of a good bamboo, whch bent as the strng rose, and sowy arched
tsef nto a crescent.|*| And hs father the kng of Vatsa spent hs tme
n wshes for hs marrage and other happness, deghtfu because so soon
to bear frut. Now hear what happened at ths pont of the story.
Story of the merchant's son n Taksha|'s|.
There was once a cty named Taksha|'s||*| on the banks of the
Vtast, the refecton of whose ong ne of paaces geamed n the waters
of the rver, as f t were the capta of the ower regons come to gaze at ts
spendour. In t there dwet a kng named Kangadatta, a dstngushed
* I. e. Gane|'s|a who s nvoked to remove obstaces.
* Ths s an eaborate pun n the orgna. Gu|n.|a = strng and vrtue; van|'s|a =
race
and bamboo.
* The Taxa of the Greek wrters. The Vtast s the Hydaspes of the Greeks,
now caed |heum.
-----Fe: 248.png---------------------------------------------------------
Buddhst, a whose sub|ects were devoted to the great Buddha the brde-
*groom
of Tr.|*| Hs cty shone wth spendd Buddhst tempes densey
crowded together, as f wth the horns of prde eevated because t had no
rva upon earth. He not ony chershed hs sub|ects ke a father, but aso
hmsef taught them knowedge ke a sprtua gude. Moreover there
was n that cty a certan rch Buddhst merchant caed Vtastadatta, who
was excusvey devoted to the honourng of Buddhst mendcants. And
he had a son, a young man named Ratnadatta. And he was aways expressng
hs detestaton of hs father, cang hm an mpous man. And
when hs father sad to hm, "Son, why do you bame me?"--the merchant's
son answered wth btter scorn, "My father, you abandon the regon of
the three Vedas and cutvate rregon. For you negect the Brhmans
and are aways honourng |'S|rama|n.|as.|*| What have you to do wth that
Buddhst dscpne, whch a knds of ow-caste men resort to, to gratfy
ther desre to have a convent to dwe n, reeased from bathng and
other strct ordnances, ovng to feed whenever t s convenent,|*| re|ectng
the Brhmanca ock and other prescrbed methods of dong the har,
qute at case wth ony a rag round ther ons?" When the merchant heard
that he sad--" Regon s not confned to one form; a transcendent regon
s a dfferent thng from a regon that embraces the whoe word. Peope
say that Brhmansm too conssts n avodng passon and other sns, n
truth, and compasson to creatures, not n quarreng causeessy wth
one's reatons.|*| Moreover you ought not to bame generay that schoo
whch I foow, whch extends securty to a creatures, on account of the
faut of an ndvdua. Nobody questons the proprety of conferrng
benefts, and my benefcence conssts smpy n gvng securty to creatures.
So, f I take exceedng peasure n ths system, the prncpa characterstc
of whch s abstnence from n|urng any creature, and whch brngs
beraton, wheren am I rregous n dong so?" When hs father sad ths
to hm, that merchant's son obstnatey refused to admt t, and ony bamed
hs father a the more. Then hs father, n dsgust, went and reported the
* Moner Wams says that Tr was the Wfe of the Buddha Amoghasddha.
Benfey (Orent und Occdent, Vo. I, p. 373) says she was a we known Buddhst
sant.
The passage mght perhaps mean "The Buddha adorned wth most brant
stars."
It has been suggested to me that Trvara may mean |'S|va, and that the
passage
means that the |'S|ava and Bauddha regons were both professed n the cty
of Taksha|'s|.
* I. e. Buddhst ascetcs.
* A MS. n the Sansk|r.|t Coege reads suka for svaka: the meanng s much
the same.
* A MS. n the Sansk|r.|t Coege reads ngraha|h.| = bamng one's reatons
wthout
cause.
-----Fe: 249.png---------------------------------------------------------
whoe matter to the kng Kangadatta, who superntended the regon of
hs peope. The kng, for hs part, summoned on some pretext the merchant's
son nto hs |udgement-ha, and fegnng an anger he dd not fee,
sad to the executoner, "I have heard that ths merchant's son s wcked
and addcted to horrbe crmes, so say hm wthout mercy as a corrupter of
the ream." When the kng had sad ths, the father nterceded, and then
the kng apponted that the executon shoud be put off for two months,
n order that he mght earn vrtue, and entrusted the merchant's son to
the custody of hs father, to be brought agan nto hs presence at the end
of that tme. The merchant's son, when he had been taken home to hs
father's house, was dstracted wth fear, and kept thnkng, "What crme
can I have commtted aganst the kng?" and ponderng over hs causeess
executon whch was to take pace at the end of two months; and so he
coud get no seep day or nght, and was exhausted by takng ess than hs
usua food at a tmes. Then, the repreve of two months havng expred,
that merchant's son was agan taken, thn and pae, nto the presence of
the kng. And the kng seeng hm n such a depressed state sad to hm--"Why
have you become so thn? Dd I order you not to eat?" When
the merchant's son heard that, he sad to the kng--"I forgot mysef for
fear, much more my food. Ever snce I heard your ma|esty order my
executon, I have been thnkng every day of death sowy advancng."
When the merchant's son sad ths, the kng sad to hm, "I have by an
artfce made you teach yoursef what the fear of death s.|*| Such must
be the fear whch every vng creature entertans of death, and te me what
hgher pety can there be than the beneft of preservng creatures from
that? So I shewed you ths n order that you mght acqure regon and
the desre of savaton,|*| for a wse man beng afrad of death strves to
attan savaton. Therefore you must not bame your father who foows
ths regon." When the merchant's son heard ths, he bowed and sad to
the kng--"Your ma|esty has made me a bessed man by teachng me
regon, and now a desre for savaton has arsen n me, teach me that aso,
my ord." When the kng heard that, as t was a feast n the cty, he
gave a vesse fu of o nto the hand of the merchant's son and sad to
hm, "Take ths vesse n your hand and wak a round ths cty, and
you must avod spng a snge drop of t, my son; f you sp one drop
of t, these men w mmedatey cut you down."|*| Havng sad ths, the
kng dsmssed the merchant's son to wak round the cty, orderng men
wth drawn swords to foow hm. The merchant's son, n hs fear, took
care to avod spng a drop of o, and havng perambuated that cty wth
* Cp. Raston's Russan Fok-Taes, p. 122.
* Moksha s the sou's fna reease from further transmgratons.
* Cp. Gesta Romanorum CXLIII (Bonn's Edton).
-----Fe: 250.png---------------------------------------------------------
much dffcuty, returned nto the presence of the kng. The kng, when he
saw that he had brought the o wthout spng t, sad to hm: "Dd you
see any one to-day, as you went aong n your perambuaton of the cty?"
When the merchant's son heard that, he casped hs hands, and sad to the
kng--"In truth, my ord, I nether saw nor heard any thng, for at the
tme when I was perambuatng the cty I had my undvded attenton
fxed on avodng spng a drop of o, est the swords shoud descend
upon me." When the merchant's son sad ths, the kng sad to hm;
"Because your whoe sou was ntent on ookng at the o, you saw nothng.
So practse regous contempaton wth the same undvded attenton.
For a man, who wth ntent concentraton averts hs attenton from a
outward operatons, has ntuton of the truth, and after that ntuton he
s not entanged agan n the meshes of works. Thus I have gven you n
a compendous form nstructon n the doctrne of savaton." Thus the kng
spoke and dsmssed hm, and the merchant's son fe at hs feet and went
home re|ocng to hs father's house, havng attaned a hs ob|ects. Ths
Kangadatta, who superntended n ths way the regon of hs sub|ects,
had a wfe named Trdatt, of equa brth wth the kng, who beng
potc and and we-conducted, was such an ornament to the kng as anguage
s to a poet, who deghts n numerous ustratons. She was mertorous
for her brght quates and was nseparabe from that beoved kng,
beng to hm what the moonght s to the moon, the receptace of nectar.
The kng ved happy there wth that queen, and passed hs days ke Indra
wth |'S|ach n heaven.
Story of the Apsaras Surabhdatt.
At ths pont of my tae Indra,
for some cause or other, had a great
feast n heaven. A the Apsarases assembed there to dance, except one
beautfu Apsaras named Surabhdatt, who was not to be seen there. Then
Indra by hs dvne power of nsght perceved her assocatng n secret
wth a certan Vdydhara n Nandana. When Indra saw t, wrath
arose n hs bosom, and he thought--"Ah! these two, bnded wth ove,
are both wcked: the Apsaras, because forgettng us she acts n a
wfu manner, the Vdydhara, because he enters the doman of the gods
and commts mpropretes. Or rather, what faut s that mserabe
Vdydhara guty of? For she has entced hm here, ensnarng hm
wth her beauty. A ovey one w sweep away wth the sea of her
beauty, fowng between the ofty banks of her breasts, even one who
can restran hs passons. Was not even |'S|va dsturbed ong ago when he
behed Tottam, whom the Creator made by takng an atom from a the
nobest bengs?|*| And dd not V|'s|vmtra eave hs ascetcsm when he be-*
* A knd of Pandora.
-----Fe: 251.png---------------------------------------------------------
hed Menak? And dd not Yayt come to od age for ove of |'S|armsht?
So ths young Vdydhara has commtted no crme n aowng hmsef to
be aured by an Apsaras wth her beauty, whch s abe to bewder the
three words.|*| But ths heaveny nymph s n faut, wcked creature, vod
of vrtue, who has deserted the gods, and ntroduced ths feow nto Nandana."
Thus refectng, the over of Ahay|*| spared the Vdydhara youth,
but cursed that Apsaras n the foowng words: "Wcked one, take upon
thysef a morta nature, but after thou hast obtaned a daughter not
sprung from the womb, and hast accompshed the ob|ect of the gods, thou
shat return to ths heaven."
In the meanwhe Trdatt, the consort of that kng n the cty of
Taksha|'s|, reached the perod favourabe for procreaton. And Surabhdatt,
the Apsaras who had been degraded from heaven by the curse of Indra,
was conceved n her, gvng beauty to her whoe body. Then Trdatt
behed n a dream a fame descendng from heaven and enterng nto her
womb; and n the mornng she descrbed wth astonshment her dream to
her husband, the kng Kangadatta; and he beng peased sad to her,--"Oueen,
heaveny bengs owng to a curse fa nto human brths, so I am
persuaded that ths s some dvne beng conceved n you. For bengs,
bound by varous works, good and ev, are ever revovng n the state of
mundane exstence n these three words, to receve fruts bessed and
mserabe."
When the queen was thus addressed by the kng, she took the opportunty
of sayng to hm; "It s true, actons, good and bad, have a wonderfu
power, producng the percepton of |oy and sorrow,|*| and n proof of t I
w te you ths ustraton, sten to me."
Story of kng Dharmadatta and hs wfe Nga|'s|r.
There once ved a kng named
Dharmadatta, the ord of Ko|'s|aa; he
had a queen named Nga|'s|r, who was devoted to her husband and was
caed Arundhat on the earth, as, ke her, she was the chef of vrtuous
women. And n course of tme, O sayer of your enemes, I was born as
the daughter of that kng by that queen; then, whe I was a mere chd,
that mother of mne suddeny remembered her former brth and sad to her
husband; "O kng, I have suddeny to-day remembered my former brth;
t s dsagreabe|** typo?| to me not to te t, but f I do te t, t w cause my
death, because they say that, f a person suddeny remembers hs or her
former
brth and tes t, t surey brngs death. Therefore, kng, I fee excessvey
despondent." When hs queen sad ths to hm, the kng answered her;
* Compare the argument n the Eunuchus of Terence (III. 5.36 & ff) whch
shocked
St. Augustne so much (Confessons I. 16).
* Et tonantem |ovem et aduterantem.
* I separate baavad from bhogady.
-----Fe: 252.png---------------------------------------------------------
"My beoved, I, ke you, have suddeny remembered my former brth;
therefore te me yours, and I w te you mne, et what w be, be; for
who can ater the decree of fate." When thus urged by her husband,
the queen sad to hm, "If you press the matter, kng, then I w te
you, sten.
"In my former brth I was a we-conducted femae save n ths very
and, n the house of a certan Brhman named Mdhava. And n that
brth I had a husband named Devadsa, an exceent hred servant n the
house of a certan merchant. And so we two dweed there, havng but a
house that suted us, vng on the cooked rce brought from the houses of
our respectve masters. A water vesse and a ptcher, a broom and a brazer,
and I and my husband, formed three coupes. We ved happy and contented
n our house nto whch the demon of quarreng never entered,
eatng the tte food that remaned over after we had made offerngs to
the gods, the manes and guests.
"And any cothes whch ether of us had over, we gave to some poor
person or other. Then there arose a grevous famne n our country, and
owng to that the aowance of food, whch we had to receve every day,
began to come to us n sma quanttes. Then our bodes became attenuated
by hunger, and we began to despond n mnd, when once on a tme
at mea-tme there arrved a weary Brhman guest. To hm we both gave
a our own food, as much as we had, though we were n danger of our ves.
When the Brhman had eaten and departed, my husband's breath eft hm,
as f angry that he respected a guest more than t. And then I heaped
up n honour of my husband a sutabe pyre, and ascended t, and so ad
down the oad of my own caamty. Then I was born n a roya famy,
and I became your queen, for the tree of good deeds produces to the
rghteous nconcevaby gorous frut." When hs queen sad ths to hm,
the kng Dharmadatta sad--"Come, my beoved, I am that husband of thne
n a former brth; I was that very Devadsa the merchant's servant, for
I have remembered ths moment ths former exstence of mne." Havng
sad ths, and mentoned the tokens of hs own dentty, the kng, despondent
and yet gad, suddeny went wth hs queen to heaven.
"In ths way my parents went to another word, and my mother's sster
brought me to her own house to rear me, and whe I was unmarred, there
came there a certan Brhman guest, and my mother's sster ordered me to
wat on hm. And I dgenty strove to pease hm as Kunt to pease
Durvsas, and owng to a boon conferred by hm, I obtaned you, a
vrtuous husband. Thus good fortune s the resut of vrtue, owng to
whch my parents were both born at the same tme n roya fames, and
aso remembered ther former brth." Havng heard ths speech of the
queen Tradatt, the kng Kangadatta, who was excusvey devoted to
-----Fe: 253.png---------------------------------------------------------
rghteousness, answered her, "It s true, a trfng act of rghteousness
duy performed w brng much frut, and n proof of ths, O queen, hear
the ancent tae of the seven Brhmans."
Story of the seven Brhmans who devoured a cow n tme of famne.
Long ago n a cty caed Ku|n.||d.|na,
a certan Brhman teacher had
for pups seven sons of Brhmans. Then that teacher, under pressure of
famne, sent those pups to ask hs father-n-aw, who was rch n cows,
to gve hm one. And those pups of hs went, wth ther bees pnched
by hunger, to hs father-n-aw, who dwet n another and, and asked hm,
as ther teacher had ordered them, for a cow. He gave them one cow to
support them, but the msery feow dd not gve them food, though they
were hungry. Then they took the cow, and as they were returnng and
had accompshed haf the |ourney, beng excessvey paned by hunger,
they fe exhausted on the earth. They sad--"Our teacher's house s
far off, and we are affcted by caamty far from home, and food s hard to
obtan everywhere, so t s a over wth our ves. And n the same way
ths cow s certan to de n ths wderness wthout water, wood, or human
bengs, and our teacher w not derve even the smaest advantage from t.
So et us support our ves wth ts fesh, and qucky restore our teacher
and hs famy wth what remans over: for t s a tme of sore dstress."
Havng thus deberated, those seven students treated that cow as a vctm,
and sacrfced t on the spot accordng to the system prescrbed n the sacred
treatses. After sacrfcng to the gods and manes, and eatng ts fesh
accordng to the prescrbed method, they went and took what remaned
of t to ther teacher. They bowed before hm, and tod hm a that they
had done, to the etter, and he was peased wth them, because they tod
the truth, though they had commtted a faut. And after seven days they
ded of famne, but because they tod the truth on that occason, they were
born agan wth the power of rememberng ther former brth.
"Thus even a sma germ of mert, watered wth the water of hoy
aspraton, bears frut to men n genera, as a seed to cutvators, but
the same corrupted by the water of mpure aspraton bears frut n the
form of msfortune, and propos of ths I w te you another tae,
sten!"
Story of the two ascetcs, one a Brhman the other a Cha|n.||d.|a.
Once on a tme two men remaned
for the same ength of tme fastng
on the banks of the Ganges, one a Brhman and the other a Cha|n.||d.|a.
Of those two, the Brhman beng overpowered wth hunger, and seeng
some Nshdas|*| come that way brngng fsh and eatng them, thus refected
n hs foy--"O happy n the word are these fshermen, sons of femae
* The name of certan aborgna trbes descrbed as hunters, fshermen,
robbers &c.
-----Fe: 254.png---------------------------------------------------------
saves though they be, for they eat to ther f of the fresh meat of fsh!"
But the other, who was a Cha|n.||d.|a, thought, the moment he saw those
fshermen, "Out on these destroyers of fe, and devourers of raw fesh!
So why shoud I stand here and behod ther faces?" Sayng ths to hmsef,
he cosed hs eyes and remaned bured n hs own thoughts. And n
course of tme those two, the Brhman and the Cha|n.||d.|a, ded of
starvaton;
the Brhman was eaten by dogs on the bank, the Cha|n.||d.|a rotted n the
water of the Ganges. So that Brhman, not havng dscpned hs sprt,
was born n the famy of a fsherman, but owng to the vrtue of the hoy
pace, he remembered hs former exstence. As for that Cha|n.||d.|a, who
possessed sef-contro, and whose mnd was not marred by passon, he was
born as a kng n a paace on that very bank of the Ganges, and recoected
hs former brth. And of those two, who were born wth a remembrance
of ther former exstence, the one suffered msery beng a fsherman, the
other beng a kng en|oyed happness.
"Such s the root of the tree of vrtue; accordng to the purty or mpurty
of a man's heart s wthout doubt the frut whch he receves."
Havng sad ths to the queen Trdatt, kng Kangadatta agan sad
to her n the course of conversaton,--"Moreover actons whch are reay
dstngushed by great courage produce frut, snce prosperty foows on
courage; and to ustrate ths I w te the foowng wonderfu tae.
Lsten!"
Story of kng Vkramasnha and the two Brhmans.
There s n Avant a cty named
U||ayn, famous n the word, whch
s the dweng-pace of |'S|va,|*| and whch geams wth ts whte paaces as
f wth the peaks of Kasa, come thther n the ardour of ther devoton to
the god. Ths vast cty, profound as the sea, havng a spendd emperor for
ts water, had hundreds of armes enterng t, as hundreds of rvers fow
nto the sea, and was the refuge of aed kngs, as the sea s of mountans
that retan ther wngs.|*| In that cty there was a kng who had the name
of Vkramasnha,|*| a name that thoroughy expressed hs character, for hs
enemes were ke deer and never met hm n fght. And he, because he
coud never fnd any enemy to face hm, became dsgusted wth weapons
and the mght of hs arm, and was nwardy greved as he never obtaned
the |oy of batte. Then hs mnster Amaragupta, who dscovered hs
* In the orgna Mahka, an epthet of |'S|va n hs character as the
destroyng
dety.
* Generay ony one mountan named Manka s sad to have fed nto the sea,
and retaned ts wngs when Indra cpped those of the others. The passage s of
course an eaborate pun.
* . e. on of vaour.
-----Fe: 255.png---------------------------------------------------------
*ongng, sad to hm ncdentay n the course of conversaton--"Kng, t
s not hard for kngs to ncur gut, f through prde n ther strong arms,
and confdence n ther sk n the use of weapons, they even ong for
enemes; n ths way Bna n od tme, through prde n hs thousand arms,
proptated |'S|va and asked for an enemy that was a match for hm n fght,
unt at ast hs|**fxed typo: hs| prayer was actuay granted, and Vsh|n.|u
became hs enemy,
and cut off hs nnumerabe arms n batte. So you must not shew
dssatsfacton
because you do not obtan an opportunty of fghtng, and a
terrbe enemy must never be desred. If you want to shew here your sk
n weapons and your strength, shew t n the forest an approprate fed for
t, and n huntng. And snce kngs are not generay exposed to fatgue,
huntng s approved to gve them exercse and exctement, but warke
expedtons are not recommended. Moreover the magnant wd anmas
desre that the earth shoud be depopuated, for ths reason the kng shoud
say them; on ths ground too huntng s approved. But wd anmas
shoud not be too unremttngy pursued, for t was owng to the vce of
excusve devoton to huntng that former kngs, P|n.||d.|u and others, met
destructon." When the wse mnster Amaragupta sad ths to hm, the
kng Vkramasnha approved the advce sayng--"I w do so." And the
next day the kng went out of the cty to hunt, to a dstrct beset wth
horses, footmen and dogs, and where a the quarters were fed wth the
ptchng of varous nets, and he made the heaven resound wth the shouts
of |oyous huntsmen. And as he was gong out on the back of an eephant,
he saw two men sttng together n prvate n an empty tempe outsde the
was. And the kng, as he behed them from afar, supposed that they were
ony deberatng together over somethng at ther esure, and passed on to
the forest where hs huntng was to be. There he was deghted wth the
drawn swords, and wth the od tgers, and the roarng of ons, and the
scenery,
and the eephants. He strewed that ground wth pears faen from the
nas of eephant-sayng ons whom he ked, resembng the seeds of hs
prowess. The deer eapng sdeways, beng obque-goers,|*| went obquey
across hs path; hs straght-fyng arrow easy transfxng them frst, reached
afterwards the mark of deght. And after the kng had ong en|oyed the
sport of huntng, he returned, as hs servants were weary, wth sackened
bowstrng to the cty of U||ayn. There he saw those two men, whom
he had seen as he was gong out, who had remaned the whoe tme n the
tempe occuped n the same way. He thought to hmsef--"Who are
these, and why do they deberate so ong? Surey they must be spes,
havng a ong tak over secrets." So he sent hs warder, and had those men
* . e. anmas, horzonta goers. The pun defes transaton, the word I have
transated arrow s teray "the not-sdeways-goer.|** typo: mssng " ?|
-----Fe: 256.png---------------------------------------------------------
captured and brought nto hs presence, and then thrown nto prson.
And the next day he had them brought nto hs |udgement-ha, and asked
them--"Who are you and why dd you deberate together so ong?"
"When the kng n person asked them ths, they entreated hm to spare
ther ves, and one of these young men began to say; "Hear, O kng, I
w now te the whoe story as t happened.
"There ved a Brhman, of the name of Karabhaka, n ths very cty
of yours. I, whom you see here, am the son of that earned student of
the Vedas, born by hs proptatng the god of fre n order to obtan a
heroc son. And, when my father went to heaven, and hs wfe foowed
hm,|*| I beng a mere boy, though I had earned the scences, abandoned the
course of fe suted to my caste, because I was frendess. And I set
mysef to practse gamng and the use of arms; what boy does not
become sef-wed f he s not kept n order by some superor? And,
havng passed my chdhood n ths way, I acqured overweenng confdence
n my prowess, and went one day to the forest to practse archery. And
whe I was thus engaged, a brde came out of the cty n a covered paan-
*keen,
surrounded by many attendants of the brdegroom. And suddeny
an eephant, that had broken ts chan, came from some quarter or other
at that very moment, and attacked that brde n ts fury. And through
fear of that eephant, a those cowardy attendants and her husband wth
them deserted the brde, and fed n a drectons. When I saw that, I
mmedatey sad to mysef n my exctement,--'What! have these mserabe
wretches eft ths unfortunate woman aone? So I must defend ths
unprotected ady from ths eephant. For what s the use of fe or
courage, uness empoyed to succour the unfortunate?' Thus refectng
I rased a shout and ran towards that huge eephant; and the eephant,
abandonng the woman, charged down upon me. Then I, before the eyes
of that terrfed woman, shouted and ran, and so drew off that eephant to
a dstance, at ast I got hod of a bough of a tree thcky covered wth
eaves, whch had been broken off, and coverng mysef wth t, I went nto
the mdde of the tree; and pacng the bough n front of me, I escaped
by a dexterous obque movement, whe the eephant tramped the bough
to peces. Then I qucky went to that ady, who remaned terrfed there,
and asked her whether she had escaped wthout n|ury. She, when she saw
me, sad wth affcted and yet |oyfu manner; 'How can I be sad to be
unn|ured, now that I have been bestowed on ths coward, who has deserted
me n such strats, and fed somewhere or other; but so far at any rate I
am unn|ured, that I agan behod you unharmed. So my husband s
nothng to me; you henceforth are my husband, by whom regardess of
your fe, I have been devered from the |aws of death. And here I see
* . e. by burnng hersef upon the funera pyre.
-----Fe: 257.png---------------------------------------------------------
my husband comng wth hs servants, so foow us sowy; for when we
get an opportunty, you and I w eope somewhere together.' When she
sad ths, I consented. I ought to have thought--'Though ths woman
s beautfu, and fngs hersef at my head, yet she s the wfe of another;
what have I to do wth her?' But ths s the course of cam sef-restrant,
not of ardent youth. And n a moment her husband came up and
greeted her, and she proceeded to contnue her |ourney wth hm and hs
servants. And I, wthout beng detected, foowed her through her ong
|ourney, beng secrety supped wth provsons for the |ourney by her, though
I passed for some one unconnected wth her. And she, throughout the
|ourney, fasey asserted that she suffered pan n her mbs, from a stran
produced by fang n her terror at the eephant, and so avoded even touchng
her husband. A passonate woman, ke a femae snake, terrbe from the
condensed venom she accumuates wthn, w never, f n|ured negect to
wreak her vengeance. And n course of tme we reached the cty of Loha-
*nagara,
where was the house of the husband of that woman, who ved by
tradng. And we a remaned durng that day n a tempe outsde the
was. And there I met my frend ths second Brhman. And though
we had never met before, we fet a confdence n one another at frst sght;
the heart of creatures recognses frendshps formed n a prevous brth.
Then I tod hm a my secret. When he heard t, he sad to me of hs
own accord; 'Keep the matter quet, I know of a devce by whch you
can attan the ob|ect for whch you came here; I know here the sster of
ths ady's husband. She s ready to fy from ths pace wth me, and take
her weath wth her. So wth her hep I w accompsh your ob|ect for
you.'
"When the Brhman had sad ths to me, he departed, and secrety
nformed the merchant's wfe's sster-n-aw of the whoe matter. And on
the next day the sster-n-aw, accordng to arrangement, came wth her
brother's wfe and ntroduced her nto the tempe. And whe we were
there, she made my frend at that very tme, whch was the mdde of the
day, put on the dress of her brother's wfe. And she took hm so dsgused
nto the cty, and went nto the house n whch her brother ved, after
arrangng what we were to do. But I eft the tempe, and feeng wth the
merchant's wfe dressed as a man, reached at ast ths cty of U||ayn.
And her sster-n-aw at nght ted wth my frend from that house, n whch
there had been a feast, and so the peope were n a drunken seep.
"And then he came wth her by steathy |ourneys to ths cty; so we
met here. In ths way we two have obtaned our two wves n the boom
of youth, the sster-n-aw and her brother's wfe, who bestowed themseves
on us out of affecton. Consequenty, kng, we are afrad to dwe anywhere;
for whose mnd s at ease after performng deeds of reckess teme-*
-----Fe: 258.png---------------------------------------------------------
*rty? So the kng saw us yesterday from a dstance, whe we were
debatng about a pace to dwe n, and how we shoud subsst. And your
ma|esty, seeng us, had us brought and thrown nto prson on the suspcon
of beng theves, and to-day we have been questoned about our hstory,
and I have |ust tod t; now t s for your hghness to dspose of us at
peasure." When one of them had sad ths, the kng Vkramasnha sad to
those two Brhmans,--"I am satsfed, do not be afrad, reman n ths
cty, and I w gve you abundance of weath." When the kng had sad
ths, he gave them as much to ve on as they wshed, and they ved happy
n hs court accompaned by ther wves.
"Thus prosperty dwes for men even n questonabe deeds, f they
are the outcome of great courage, and thus kngs, beng satsfed, take
peasure n gvng to dscreet men who are rch n darng. And
thus ths whoe created word wth the gods and demons w aways
reap varous fruts, correspondng exacty to ther own stock of deeds
good or bad, performed n ths or n a former brth. So rest assured, queen,
that the fame whch was seen by you fang from heaven n your dream,
and apparenty enterng your womb, s some creature of dvne orgn, that
owng to some nfuence of ts works has been conceved n you." The
pregnant queen Trdatt, when she heard ths from the mouth of her own
husband Kangadatta, was exceedngy deghted.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Then the queen Trdatt, the consort of kng Kangadatta n Takshas,
sowy became oppressed wth the burden of her unborn chd. And
she, now that her devery was near, beng pae of countenance,wth tremuous
eyebas,|*| resembed the East n whch the pae streak of the young
moon s about to rse. And there was soon born from her a daughter
exceng a others, ke a specmen of the Creator's power to produce a
beauty. The ghts kept burnng to protect the chd aganst ev sprts,
bazng wth o,|*| were ecpsed by her beauty, and darkened, as f through
gref that a son of equa beauty had not been born nstead. And her
father Kangadatta, when he saw her born, beautfu though she was,
* The word trak means aso a star. So here we have one of those puns n
whch our author deghts.
* Aso fu of affecton. Ths s a common pun.
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was fed wth despondency at the dsappontment of hs hope to obtan
a son ke her. Though he dvned that she was of heaveny orgn, he was
greved because he onged for a son. For a son, beng emboded |oy, s far
superor to a daughter, that s but a ump of gref. Then n hs affcton,
the kng went out of hs paace to dvert hs mnd, and he entered a monastery
fu of many mages of Buddha. In a certan part of the monastery,
he heard ths speech beng uttered by a beggng hermt, who was
a regous preacher, as he sat n the mdst of hs hearers.
"They say that the bestowa of weath n ths word s great ascetcsm;
a man who gves weath s sad to gve fe, for fe depends on weath.
And Buddha, wth mnd fu of pty, offered up hmsef for another, as f
he were worthess straw, much more shoud one offer up sordd pef. And
t was by such resoute ascetcsm, that Buddha, havng got rd of desre,
and obtaned heaveny nsght, attaned the rank of a Buddha. Therefore
a wse man shoud do what s benefca to other bengs, by abstanng from
sefsh aspratons even so far as to sacrfce hs own body, n order that he
may obtan perfect nsght."
Story of the seven prncesses.
Thus, ong ago, there were born
n successon to a certan kng named
|K.||r.|ta seven very beautfu prncesses, and even whe they were st
youthfu
they abandoned, n dsgust wth fe, the house of ther father, and went
to the cemetery, and when they were asked why they dd t, they sad to
ther retnue--"Ths word s unrea, and n t ths body, and such deghts
as unon wth the beoved are the baseess fabrc of a dream; ony the good
of others n ths revovng word s pronounced to be rea; so et us wth
these bodes of ours do good to our feow creatures, et us fng these
bodes, whe they are ave, to the eaters of raw fesh|*| n the cemetery;
what s the use of them, ovey though they be?"
Story of the prnce who tore out hs own eye.
For there ved n od tme
a certan prnce who was dsgusted
wth the word, and he, though young and handsome, adopted the fe of
a wanderng hermt. Once on a tme that beggar entered the house of a
certan merchant, and was behed by hs young wfe wth hs eyes ong as
the eaf of a otus. She, wth heart captvated by the beauty of hs eyes
sad to hm, "How came such a handsome man as you to undertake such
a severe vow as ths? Happy s the woman who s gazed upon wth ths
eye of yours!" When the beggng hermt was thus addressed by the ady,
he tore out one eye, and hodng t n hs hand, sad, "Mother, behod ths
eye, such as t s; take the oathsome mass of fesh and bood, f t peases
|*| Beasts of prey, or possby Rkshasas.
-----Fe: 260.png---------------------------------------------------------
you.|*| And the other s ke t; say, what s there attractve n these?"
When he sad ths to the merchant's wfe, and she saw the eye she was
despondent, and sad, "Aas! I, unhappy wretch that I am, have done an
ev deed, n that I have become the cause of the tearng out of your eye!"
When the beggar heard that, he sad,--"Mother, do not be greved, for
you have done me a beneft; hear the foowng exampe, to prove the
truth of what I say."
Story of the ascetc who conquered anger.
There ved ong ago, n a certan
beautfu garden on the banks
of the Ganges, a hermt anmated by the desre of experencng a ascetcsm.
And whe he was engaged n mortfyng the fesh, t happened that a
certan kng came there to amuse hmsef wth the women of hs harem.
And after he had amused hmsef, he fe aseep under the nfuence of hs
potatons, and whe he was n ths state, hs queens eft hm out of
thoughtessness
and roamed about n the garden. And behodng n a corner of
the garden that hermt engaged n medtaton, they stood round hm out of
curosty, wonderng what on earth he coud be. And as they remaned
there a ong tme, that kng woke up, and not seeng hs wves at hs sde,
wandered a round the garden. And then he saw the queens standng a
round the hermt, and beng enraged, he sashed the hermt wth hs sword
out of |eaousy. What crme w not soveregn power, |eaousy, cruety,
drunkenness, and ndscreton cause separatey, much more deady are they
when combned, ke fve fres.|*| Then the kng departed, and though the
hermt's mbs were gashed, he remaned free from wrath; whereupon a
* Compare the transaton of the fe of St. Brgt by Whtey Stokes, (Three
Mdde Irsh Homes, p. 65.)
"Shorty after that came a certan nobeman unto Dubthach to ask for hs
daughter n marrage. Dubthach and hs sons were wng, but Brgt refused.
Sad
a brother of her brethren named Beccn unto her: 'Ide s the far eye that s n
thy
head not to be on a pow near a husband.' 'The son of the Vrgn knoweth' sad
Brgt, 't s not vey for us f t brngs harm upon us.' Then Brgt put her fnger
under her eye and drew t out of her head t t was on her cheek; and she sad:
'Lo, here s thy deghtfu eye, O Beccn.' Then hs eye burst forthwth. When
Dubthach and hs brethren saw that, they promsed that she shoud never be
tod to go
to a husband. Then she put her pam to her eye and t was whoe at once. But
Beccn's eye was not whoe t hs death."
That the bographers of Chrstan sants were argey ndebted to Buddhst
hagoogy, has been shewn by Lebrecht n hs Essay on the sources of Baraam
and
|osaphat, (Zur Vokskunde, p. 441.) In Mr. Stokes's book, p. 34, w aso be
found a
reference to the practce of shewng reverence by wakng round persons or
thngs
keepng the rght hand towards them. Ths s ponted out by Mr. Stokes n hs
Preface
as an nterestng nk between Ireand and Inda.
* They are compared to the fve sacred fres.
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certan dety appeared and sad to hm,--"Great-soued one, f you approve
I w say by my power that wcked man who dd ths to you n a passon."
When the hermt heard that, he sad, "O goddess, say not so,
for he s my heper n vrtue, not a harmer of me. For by hs favour
I have attaned the grace of patence; to whom coud I have shown patence,
0 goddess, f he had not acted thus towards me? What anger does the
wse man shew for the sake of ths pershng body? To shew patence
equay wth regard to what s agreeabe and dsagreeabe s to have attaned
the rank of Brahm." When the hermt sad ths to the dety, she was peased,
and after heang the wounds n hs mbs, she dsappeared.
"In the same way as that kng was consdered a benefactor by the
hermt, you, my mother, have ncreased my ascetcsm by causng me to
tear out my eye." Thus spake the sef-subdung hermt to the merchant's
wfe, who bowed before hm, and beng regardess of hs body, ovey though
t was, he passed on to perfecton.
"Therefore, though our youth be very charmng, why shoud we cng to
ths pershabe body? But the ony thng whch, n the eye of the wse
man, t s good for, s to beneft one's feow-creatures. So we w
ay down our bodes to beneft vng creatures n ths cemetery, the natura
home of happness." Havng sad ths to ther attendants, those seven
prncesses dd so, and obtaned therefrom the hghest beattude.
"Thus you see that the wse have no sefsh affecton even for ther own
bodes, much ess for such worthess thngs|*| as son, wfe, and servants."
When the kng Kangadatta had heard these and other such thngs
from the regous teacher n the monastery, havng spent the day there, he
returned to hs paace. And when he was there, he was agan affcted wth
gref on account of the brth of a daughter to hm, and a certan Brhman,
who had grown od n hs house, sad to hm--"Kng, why do you despond
on account of the brth of a pear of madens? Daughters are better even
than sons, and produce happness n ths word and the next. Why do
kngs care so much about those sons that hanker after ther kngdom, and eat
up ther fathers ke crabs? But kngs ke Kuntbho|a and others, by the
vrtues of daughters ke Kunt and others, have escaped harm from sages
ke the terrbe Durvsas. And how can one obtan from a son the same
frut n the next word, as one obtans from the marrage of a daughter?
Moreover I now proceed to te the tae of Suochan, sten to t."
Story of Suochan and Sushena.
There was a young kng named
Sushena on the mountan of Chtrak|t.|a,
who was created ke another god of ove by the Creator to spte |'S|va.
He made at the foot of that great mountan a heaveny garden, whch was
cacuated to make the gods averse to dweng n the garden of Nandana.
* Lteray the worthess straw-heap of &c.
-----Fe: 262.png---------------------------------------------------------
And n the mdde of t he made a ake wth fu-bown otuses, ke a new
productve bed for the otuses wth whch the goddess of Fortune pays.
Ths ake had steps eadng down nto t made of spendd gems, and
the kng used to nger on ts bank wthout a brde, because there were no
egbe matches for hm. Once on a tme Rambh, a far one of heaven,
came that way, wanderng at w through the ar from the paace of Indra.
She behed the kng roamng n that garden ke an ncarnaton of the
Sprng n the mdst of a garden of fu-bown fowers. She sad--"Can ths
be the moon, that has swooped down from heaven n pursut of the goddess
of Fortune faen nto a duster of otuses of the ake? But that cannot
be, for ths hero's fortune n the shape of beauty never passes away.|*|
Surey ths must be the god of the fowery arrows come to the garden n
quest of fowers. But where has Rat, hs companon, gone?" Thus Rambh
descrbed hm n her eagerness, and descendng from heaven n human form,
she approached that kng. And when the kng suddeny behed her advancng
towards hm, he was astonshed and refected--"Who can ths be of
ncredbe beauty? She cannot surey be a human beng, snce her feet do
not touch the dust, and her eye does not wnk, therefore she must be some
dvne person. But I must not ask her who she s, for she mght fy from
me. Dvne bengs, who vst men for some cause or other, are generay
mpatent of havng ther secrets reveaed." Whe such thoughts were
passng n the monarch's mnd, she began a conversaton wth hm, whch
ed n due course to hs throwng hs arms round her neck then and there.
And he sported ong there wth ths Apsaras, so that she forgot heaven;
ove s more charmng than one's natve home. And the and of that kng
was fed wth heaps of god, by means of the Yaksh|n.|s, frends of hers,
who transformed themseves nto trees, as the heaven s fed wth the
peaks of Meru. And n course of tme that exceent Apsaras became
pregnant, and bore to kng Sushena an ncomparaby beautfu daughter,
and no sooner had she gven her brth, than she sad to the kng--"O kng,
such has been my curse, and t s now at an end; for I am Rambh, a
heaveny nymph that fe n ove wth you on behodng you: and as I have
gven brth to a chd, I must mmedatey eave you and depart. For such s
the aw that governs us heaveny bengs; therefore take care of ths
daughter; when she s marred, we sha agan be unted n heaven." When
the Apsaras Rambh had sad ths, she departed, sorey aganst her w,
and through gref at t, the kng was bent on abandonng fe. But hs
mnsters sad to hm, "Dd V|'s|vmtra, though despondent, abandon fe
when Menak had departed after gvng brth to |'S|akunta?" When the
kng had been ped by them wth such arguments, he took the rght vew
of the matter, and sowy recovered hs sef-command, takng to hs heart
* Here there s a pun on the two meanngs of |'S|r.
-----Fe: 263.png---------------------------------------------------------
the daughter who was destned to be the cause of ther re-unon. And that
daughter, ovey n a her mbs, her father, who was devoted to her, named
Suochan, on account of the exceedng beauty of her eyes.
In tme she grew up to womanhood, and a young hermt, named Vatsa,
the descendant of Ka|'s|yapa, as he was roamng about at w, behed her n
a garden. He, though he was a compact of ascetcsm, the moment he
behed that prncess, fet the emoton of ove, and he sad to hmsef then
and there; "Oh! exceedngy wonderfu s the beauty of ths maden! If
I do not obtan her as a wfe, what other frut of my ascetcsm can I
obtan?" Whe thnkng thus, the young hermt was behed by Suochan,
and he seemed to her a gorous wth brghtness, ke fre free from smoke.
When she saw hm wth hs rosary and water vesse, she fe n ove aso
and thought--"Who can ths be that ooks so sef-restraned and yet so
ovey?" And comng towards hm as f to seect hm for her husband, she
threw over hs body the garand|*| of the bue otuses of her eyes, and
bowed before that hermt. And he, wth mnd overpowered by the decree of
Cupd, hard for gods and Asuras to evade, pronounced on her the foowng
bessng--"Obtan a husband." Then the exceent hermt was thus addressed
by that ady, whose modesty was stoen away by ove for hs exceedng
beauty, and who spoke wth downcast face--"If ths s your desre, and
f ths s not |estng tak, then, Brhman, ask the kng, my father, who has
power to dspose of me." Then the hermt, after hearng of her descent
from her attendants, went and asked the kng Sushena, her father, for her
hand. He, for hs part, when he saw that the young hermt was emnent
both n beauty and ascetcsm, entertaned hm, and sad to hm--"Reverend
sr, ths daughter s mne by the nymph Rambh, and by my daughter's
marrage I am to be re-unted wth her n heaven; so Rambh tod me when
she was returnng to the sky; consder, auspcous sr, how that s to be
accompshed." When the hermt heard that, he thought for a moment--"Dd
not the hermt Ruru, when Pramadvar the daughter of Menak was
btten by a snake, gve her the haf of hs fe, and make her hs wfe?
Was not the Cha|n.||d.|a Trsanku carred to heaven by V|'s|vmtra? So
why shoud not I do the same by expendng my ascetcsm upon t? Havng
thus refected, the hermt sad--"There s no dffcuty n t," and
excamed--"Hearken
ye gods, may ths kng mount wth hs body to heaven to
obtan possesson of Rambh by vrtue of part of my ascetcsm." Thus
the hermt spoke n the hearng of the court, and a dstnct answer was heard
from heaven--"So be t." Then the kng gave hs daughter Suochan to
the hermt Vatsa, the descendant of Ka|'s|yapa, and ascended to heaven. There
* In the Svayamvara the maden threw a garand over the neck of the favoured
sutor.
-----Fe: 264.png---------------------------------------------------------
he obtaned a dvne nature, and ved happy wth that Rambh of godke
dgnty, apponted hs wfe by Indra.
"Thus, O kng, Sushena obtaned a hs ends by means of a daughter.
For such daughters become ncarnate n the houses of such as you. And
ths daughter s surey some heaveny nymph, faen from her hgh estate
owng to a curse, and born n your house, so do not greve, monarch, on
account of her brth." When kng Kangadatta had heard ths tae from
the Brhman that had grown od n hs house, he eft off beng dstressed,
and was comforted. And he gave to hs dear young daughter, who gave
peasure to hs eyes, as f she had been a dgt of the moon, the name of
Kangasen. And the prncess Kangasen grew up n the house of her
father amongst her companons. And she sported n the paaces, and n
the paace-gardens, ke a wave of the sea of nfancy that s fu of the
passon|*| for amusement.
Once on a tme the daughter of the Asura Maya, named Somaprabh,
as she was |ourneyng through the sky, saw her on the roof of a paace
engaged n pay. And Somaprabh, whe n the sky, behed her ovey
enough to bewder wth her beauty the mnd even of a hermt, and feeng
affecton for her, refected--"Who s ths? Can she be the form of the
moon? If so, how s t that she geams n the day? But f she s Rat,
where s Kma? Therefore I concude that she s a morta maden.
"She must be some ceesta nymph that has descended nto a kng's
paace n consequence of a curse; and I am persuaded I was certany a
frend of her's|**typo?| n a former fe. For my mnd's beng fu of exceedng
affecton for her, tes me so. Therefore t s fttng that I shoud agan
seect her as my chosen frend." Thus refectng Somaprabh descended
nvsbe from heaven, n order not to frghten that maden; and she
assumed the appearance of a morta maden to nspre confdence, and
sowy approached that Kangasen. Then Kangasen, on behodng her,
refected--"Bravo! here s a prncess of wonderfu beauty come to vst
me of her own accord! she s a sutabe frend for me." So she rose up
potey and embraced that Somaprabh. And makng her take a seat, she
asked her mmedatey her descent and name. And Somaprabh sad to
her; "Be patent, I w te you a." Then n the course of ther conversaton
they swore frendshp to each other wth pghted hands. Then
Somaprabh, sad--"My frend, you are a kng's daughter, and t s hard to
keep up frendshp wth the chdren of kngs. For they fy nto an
mmoderate passon on account of a sma faut. Hear, wth regard to
ths pont, the story of the prnce and the merchant's son whch I am about
to te you."
* Rasa aso means water.
-----Fe: 265.png---------------------------------------------------------
Story of the prnce and the merchant's
son who saved hs fe.|*|
In the cty of Pushkarvat
there was a kng named G|d.|hasena,
and to hm there was born one son. That prnce was overbearng, and
whatever he dd, rght or wrong, hs father acquesced n, because he was
an ony son. And once upon a tme, as he was roamng about n a garden,
he saw the son of a merchant, named Brahmadatta, who resembed hmsef
n weath and beauty. And the moment he saw hm, he seected hm for
hs speca frend, and those two, the prnce and the merchant's son,
mmedatey
became ke one another n a thngs.|*| And soon they were not
abe to ve wthout seeng one another, for ntmacy n a former brth
qucky knts frendshp. The prnce never tasted food that was not frst
prepared for that merchant's son.
Once on a tme the prnce set out for Ahchebhatra n order to be marred,
havng frst decded on hs frend's marrage. And, as he was |ourneyng
wth hs troops, n the socety of that frend, mounted on an eephant, he
reached the bank of the Ikshuvat, and encamped there. There he had a
wne-party, when the moon arose; and after he had gone to bed, he began
to te a story at the soctaton of hs nurse. When he had begun hs
story, beng tred and ntoxcated he was overcome by seep, and hs nurse
aso, but the merchant's son kept awake out of ove for hm. And when
the others were aseep, the merchant's son, who was awake, heard n the
ar what seemed to be the voces of women engaged n conversaton. The frst
sad--"Ths wretch has gone to seep wthout teng hs tae, therefore I
pronounce ths curse on hm. To-morrow mornng he sha see a neckace,
and f he take hod of t, t sha cng to hs neck, and that moment cause hs
death." Then the frst voce ceased, and the second went on: "And f
he escape that per, he sha see a mango-tree, and f he eat the frut of
* Ths story s compared by Benfey (Orent und Occdent, Vo I, p. 374) wth
the story of the fathfu servant Vravara n the Htopade|'s|a, whch s aso
found n the
Vetapanchavn|'s|at, (see chapter 78 of ths work.) Vravara, accordng to the
account
n the Vetapanchavn|'s|at, hears the weepng of a woman. He fnds t s the
kng's
fortune desertng hm. He accordngy offers up hs son, and fnay says
hmsef.
Tho kng s about to do the same when the goddess Durg restores the dead to
fe.
The story of "Der Treue |ohannes" w at once occur to readers of Grmm's
taes.
Accordng to Benfey, t s aso found n the Pentamerone of Base. The form of
the
tae n our text s very smar to that n Grmm. (See Benfey's Panchatantra,
Vo. I, p. 416.) The story of the fathfu Vravara occurs twce n ths coecton,
n chapter 53, and aso n chapter 78. Sr G. Cox (n hs Aryan Mythoogy, Vo. I
p. 148), compares the German story wth one n Mss Frere's Od Deccan Days,
the
5th n that coecton. Other paraes w be found n the notes n Grmm's thrd
voume.
* The same dea s found n Mdsummer Nght's Dream, Act III, Sc. 2, begnnng,
"We, Herma, ke two artfca gods &c."
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t, he sha then and there ose hs fe." Havng uttered ths, that voce
aso ceased, and then the thrd sad--"If he escape ths aso, then, f he
enter a house to be marred, t sha fa on hm and say hm." Havng
sad so much, that voce aso ceased, and the fourth sad, "If he escape
ths aso, when he enters that nght nto hs prvate apartments, he sha
sneeze a hundred tmes; and f some one there does not a hundred tmes say
to hm, 'God bess you,' he sha fa nto the grasp of death. And f the
person, who has heard a ths, sha nform hm of t n order to save hs
fe, he aso sha de," havng sad ths, the voce ceased.|*| And the
merchant's son havng heard a ths, terrbe as a thunderstroke, beng
agtated on account of hs affecton for the prnce, refected--"Beshrew
ths tae that was begun, and not fnshed, for dvntes have come nvsbe
to hear t, and are cursng hm out of dsapponted curosty. And f ths
prnce des, what good w my fe do to me? So I must by some artfce
dever my frend whom I vaue as my fe. And I must not te hm what
has taken pace, est I too shoud suffer." Havng thus refected, the merchant's
son got through the nght wth dffcuty.
And n the mornng the prnce set out wth hm on hs |ourney, and
he saw a neckace n front of hm, and wshed to ay hod of t. Then the
merchant's son sad, "Do not take the neckace, my frend, t s an uson,
ese why do not these soders see t?" When the prnce heard that, he et
the neckace aone, but gong on further he saw a mango-tree, and he fet a
desre to eat ts frut. But he was dssuaded by the merchant's son, as
before. He fet much annoyed n hs heart, and traveng on sowy he
reached hs father-n-aw's paace. And he was about to enter a budng
there for the purpose of beng marred, but |ust as hs frend had persuaded
hm not to do so, the house fe down. So he escaped ths danger by a
har's breadth, and then he fet some confdence n hs frend's prescence.
Then the prnce and hs wfe entered at nght another budng. But the
merchant's son spped n there unobserved. And the prnce, when he
went to bed, sneezed a hundred tmes, but the merchant's son underneath t
sad a hundred tmes--"God bess you"--and then the merchant's son,
havng accompshed hs ob|ect, of hs own accord eft the house n hgh
sprts. But the prnce, who was wth hs wfe, saw hm gong out, and
through |eaousy, forgettng hs ove for hm, he few nto a passon and
sad to the sentnes at hs gate: "Ths desgnng wretch has entered my
* Cp. Raston's Russan Fok-Taes, pp. 69 and 71, for the three dangers. The
custom of sayng "God bess you," or equvaent words, when a man sneezes, s
shewn by Tyor (Prmtve Cuture, Vo. I, pp. 88-94) to exst n many parts of the
word. He quotes many passages from cassca terature reatng to t. "Even
the
emperor Tberus, that saddest of men, exacted ths observance."
-----Fe: 267.png---------------------------------------------------------
prvate apartments when I wshed to be aone, so keep hm n durance for
the present, and he sha be executed n the mornng." When the guards
heard that, they put hm under arrest, and he spent the nght n confnement,
but as he was beng ed off to executon n the mornng, he sad to
them--"Frst take me nto the presence of the prnce, n order that I
may te hm a certan reason, whch I had for my conduct; and then put
me to death." When he sad ths to the guards, they went and nformed
the prnce, and on ther nformaton and the advce of hs mnsters, the
prnce ordered hm to be brought before hm. When he was brought, he
tod the prnce the whoe story, and he beeved t to be true, for the fa of
the house carred convcton to hs mnd. So the prnce was satsfed, and
countermanded the order for hs frend's executon, and he returned wth
hm to hs own cty, a marred man. And there hs frend the merchant's
son marred, and ved n happness, hs vrtues beng prased by a men.
"Thus the chdren of kngs break oose from restrant and sayng ther
gudes, dsregard benefts, ke nfurated eephants|**P1 .| And what frendshp
can there be wth those Vetas, who take peope's ves by way of a |oke.
Therefore, my prncess, never abandon your frendshp wth me."
When Kangasen heard ths story n the paace from the mouth of
Somaprabh, she answered her affectonate frend,--"Those of whom you
speak are consdered P|'s|chas, not the chdren of kngs, and I w te
you a story of the ev mportunty of P|'s|chas, sten!"
Story of the Brhman and the Pscha.
Long ago there was a Brhman
dweng on a roya grant, whch was
caed Ya|nasthaa. He once upon a tme, beng poor, went to the forest to
brng home wood. There, a pece of wood beng ceft wth the axe, fe, as
chance woud have t, upon hs eg, and percng t, entered deep nto t. And
as the bood fowed from hm, he fanted, and he was behed n that condton
by a man who recognsed hm, and takng hm up carred hm home.
There hs dstracted wfe washed off the bood, and consong hm, paced
a paster upon the wound. And then hs wound, though tended day by
day, not ony dd not hea, but formed an ucer. Then the man, affcted
wth hs ucerated wound, poverty-strcken, and at the pont of death, was
thus advsed n secret by a Brhman frend, who came to hm; "A frend of
mne, named Ya|nadatta, was ong very poor, but he ganed the ad of a
P|'s|cha by a charm, and so, havng obtaned weath, ved n happness.
And he tod me that charm, so do you gan, my frend, by means of t.|**P1 ,|
the
ad of a P|'s|cha; he w hea your wound." Havng sad ths, he tod hm
the form of words and descrbed to hm the ceremony as foows: " Rse
up n the ast watch of the nght, and wth dsheveed har and naked,
and wthout rnsng your mouth, take two handfus of rce as arge as you
-----Fe: 268.png---------------------------------------------------------
can grasp wth your two hands, and mutterng the form of words go to a
pace where four roads meet, and there pace the two handfus of rce, and
return n sence wthout ookng behnd you. Do so aways unt that
P|'s|cha appears, and hmsef says to you, 'I w put an end to your
ament.' Then receve hs ad gady, and he w remove your compant."
When hs frend had sad ths to hm, the Brhman dd as he had been
drected. Then the P|'s|cha, beng concated, brought heaveny herbs
from a ofty peak of the Hmaayas and heaed hs wound. And then he
became obstnatey persstent, and sad to the Brhman, who was deghted
at beng heaed, "Gve me a second wound to cure, but f you w not, I w
do you an n|ury or destroy your body." When the Brhman heard that,
he was terrfed, and mmedatey sad to hm to get rd of hm--"I w
gve you another wound wthn seven days." Whereupon the P|'s|cha eft
hm, but the Brhman fet hopeess about hs fe. But eventuay he
baffed the P|'s|cha by the hep of hs daughter, and havng got over the
dsease, he ved n happness.|*|
"Such are P|'s|chas, and some young prnces are |ust ke them, and,
though concated, produce msfortune, my frend, but they can be guarded
aganst by counse. But prncesses of good famy have never been
heard to be such. So you must not expect any n|ury from assocatng
wth me." When Somaprabn heard from the mouth of Kangsen n
due course ths sweet, entertanng, and amusng tae, she was deghted.
And she sad to her--"My house s sxty yo|anas dstant hence, and the
day s passng away; I have remaned ong, so now I must depart, far
one." Then, as the ord of day was sowy snkng to the eastern mountan,
she took eave of her frend who was eager for a second ntervew, and n
a moment few up nto the ar, exctng the wonder of the spectators,
and rapdy returned to her own house. And, after behodng that wonderfu
sght, Kangasen entered nto her house wth much perpexty, and
refected, "I do not know, ndeed, whether my frend s a Sddha femae,
or an Apsaras, or a Vdydhr. She s certany a heaveny femae that
traves through the upper ar. And heaveny femaes assocate wth morta
ones ed by excessve ove. Dd not Arundhat ve n frendshp wth the
daughter of kng P|r.|thu? Dd not P|r.|thu by means of her frendshp
brng Surabh from heaven to earth. And dd not he by consumng ts
mk return to heaven though he had faen from t. And were not thenceforth
perfect cows born upon earth? So I am fortunate; t s by good
uck that I have obtaned ths heaveny creature as a frend; and when she
* I have been obged to omt some porton of ths story. "It was," Wson
remarks, "acceptabe to the couteurs of Europe, and s precsey the same as
that of 'Le
pett dabe de Papefgue' of Fontane."
-----Fe: 269.png---------------------------------------------------------
comes to-morrow I w dexterousy as her her descent and name."
Thnkng such thoughts n her heart, Kangasen spent that nght there,
and Somaprabh spent the nght n her own house beng eager to behod
her agan.
CHAPTER XXIX.
Then n the mornng Somaprabh took wth her a basket, n whch she
had paced many exceent mechanca dos of wood wth magc propertes
n order to amuse her frend, and traveng through the ar she came agan
to Kangasen. And when Kangasen saw her, she was fu of tears of
|oy, and rsng up she threw her arms round her neck, and sad to her, as
she sat by her sde--"The dark nght of three watches has ths tme
seemed to me to be of a hundred watches wthout the sght of the fu
moon of your countenance. So, f you know, my frend, te me of what
knd may have been my unon wth you n a former brth, of whch ths
present frendshp s the resut." When Somaprabh heard ths, she sad
to that prncess: "Such knowedge I do not possess, for I do not remember
my former brth; and hermts are not acquanted wth ths, but f any know,
they are perfecty acquanted wth the hghest truth, and they are the
orgna founders of the scence by whch t s attaned." When she had
spoken thus, Kangasen, beng fu of curosty, agan asked her n
prvate n a voce tender from ove and confdence, "Te me, frend, of
what dvne father you have adorned the race by your brth, snce you are
competey vrtuous ke a beautfuy-rounded pear.* And what, auspcous
one, s your name, that s nectar to the ears of the word. What s the
ob|ect of ths basket? And what thng s there n t?" On hearng ths
affectonate speech from Kangasen, Somaprabh began to te the whoe
story n due course.
"There s a mghty Asura of the name of Maya, famous n the three
words. And he, abandonng the condton of an Asura, ed to S'va as hs
protector. And S'va havng promsed hm securty, he but the paace of
Indra. But the Datyas were angry wth hm, affrmng that he had become
a partzan of the gods. Through fear of them he made n the Vndhya
mountans a very wonderfu magc subterranean paace, whch the
Asuras coud not reach. My sster and I are the two daughters of that
Maya. My eder sster named Svayamprabh foows a vow of vrgnty,
and ves as a maden n my father's house. But I, the younger daughter,
* Suvrttay means vrtuous, and beautfuy-rounded.
-----Fe: 270.png---------------------------------------------------------
named Somaprabh, have been bestowed n marrage on a son of Kuvera
named Na|d.|akvara, and my father has taught me nnumerabe magc
artfces, and as for ths basket, I have brought t here to pease you."
Havng sad ths, Somaprabh opened the basket and shewed to her some very
nterestng mechanca dos constructed by her magc, made of wood. One
of them, on a pn n t beng touched,|*| went through the ar at her orders
and fetched a garand of fowers and qucky returned. Another n the
same way brought water at w;|*| another danced, and another then
conversed.
Wth such very wonderfu contrvances Somaprabh amused Kangasen
for some tme, and then she put that magc basket n a pace of
securty, and takng eave of her regretfu frend, she went, beng obedent
to her husband, through the ar to her own paace. But Kangasen was
so deghted that the sght of these wonders took away her appette, and
she remaned averse to a food. And when her mother perceved that, she
feared she was ; however a physcan named |'A|nanda havng examned the
chd, tod her mother that there was nothng the matter wth her. He
sad, "She has ost her appette through deght at somethng, not from
dsease; for her countenance, whch appears to be aughng, wth eyes wde
open, ndcates ths." When she heard ths report from the physcan, the
gr's mother asked her the rea cause of her |oy; and the gr tod her.
Then her mother beeved that she was deghted wth the socety of an
egbe frend, and congratuated her, and made her take her proper food.
Then the next day Somaprabh arrved, and havng found out what
had taken pace, she proceeded to say to Kangasen n secret, "I tod
my husband, who possesses supernatura knowedge, that I had formed a
frendshp wth you, and obtaned from hm, when he knew the facts,
permsson to vst you every day. So you must now obtan permsson
from your parents, n order that you may amuse yoursef wth me at w
wthout fear." When she had sad ths, Kangasen took her by the hand,
and mmedatey went to her father and mother, and there ntroduced her
frend to her father, kng Kangadatta, procamng her descent and name,
and n the same way she ntroduced her to her mother Trdatt, and they,
on behodng her, receved her potey n accordance wth ther daughter's
account of her. And both those two, peased wth her appearance,
* Cp. Chaucer's Squro's Tae, ne 316, "Ye moten tre a pn, stant n hs ere."
* Ths may remnd the reader of the story of the peste n Lucan's
Phopseudes,
that was sent to fetch water. When the gyptan sorcerer was away, hs pup
tred
to perform the trck. But he dd not know the charm for stoppng the water-
carryng
process. Accordngy the house was fooded. In despar he chopped the peste
n two
wth an axe. That made matters worse, for both haves set to work to brng
water.
The story has been versfed by Gthe, and the author of the Ingodsby
Legends.
-----Fe: 271.png---------------------------------------------------------
hosptaby receved that beautfu wfe of the dstngushed Asura out of
ove for ther daughter, and sad to her--"Dear gr, we entrust ths
Kangasen to your care, so amuse yourseves together as much as you
pease." And Kangasen and Somaprabh havng gady wecomed
ths speech of thers, went out together. And they went, n order to amuse
themseves, to a tempe of Buddha but by the kng. And they took there
that basket of magc toys. Then Somaprabh took a magc Yaksha, and
sent t on a commsson from hersef to brng the requstes for the worshp
of Buddha. That Yaksha went a ong dstance through the sky, and
brought a muttude of pears, beautfu gems, and goden otuses. Havng
performed worshp wth these, Somaprabh exhbtng a knds of
wonders, dspayed the varous Buddhas wth ther abodes. When the
kng Kangadatta heard of that, he came wth the queen and behed t,
and then asked Somaprabh about the magc performance. Then Somaprabh
sad, "Kng, these contrvances of magc machnes, and so on,
were created n varous ways by my father n od tme. And even as ths
vast machne, caed the word, conssts of fve eements, so do a these
machnes: I w descrbe them one by one. That machne, n whch earth
predomnates, shuts doors and thngs of the knd. Not even Indra woud
be abe to open what had been shut wth t. The shapes produced by the
water-machne appear to be ave. But the machne n whch fre predomnates,
pours forth fames. And the wnd-machne performs actons, such
as gong and comng. And the machne produced from ether utters dstnct
anguage. A these I obtaned from my father, but the whee-machne,
whch guards the water of mmortaty, my father knows and no one ese."
Whe she was sayng ths, there arose the sound of conchs beng bown n
the mdde of the day, that seemed to confrm her words. Then she
entreated the kng to gve her the food that suted her, and takng Kangasen
as a companon, by permsson of the kng she set out through the
ar for her father's house n a magc charot, to return to her eder sster.
And qucky reachng that paace, whch was stuated n the Vndhya
mountans, she conducted her to her sster Svayamprabh. There Kangasen
saw that Svayamprabh wth her head encrced wth matted ocks,
wth a ong rosary, a nun cothed n a whte garment, smng ke Prvat,
n whom ove, the hghest |oy of earth, had undertaken a severe vow of
mortfcaton. And Svayamprabh, when the prncess, ntroduced by
Somaprabh, kneeed before her, receved her hosptaby and entertaned
her wth a mea of fruts. And Somaprabh sad to the prncess: 'My
frend, by eatng these fruts, you w escape od age whch otherwse
woud destroy ths beauty, as the nppng cod does the otus: and t was
wth ths ob|ect that I brought you here out of affecton." Then that
Kangasen ate those fruts, and mmedatey her mbs seemed to be
-----Fe: 272.png---------------------------------------------------------
bathed n the water of fe. And roamng about there to amuse hersef, she
saw the garden of the cty, wth tanks fed wth goden otuses, and trees
bearng frut as sweet as nectar: the garden was fu of brds of goden
and varegated pumage, and seemed to have pars of brght gems; t
conveyed the dea of was where there was no partton, and where there
were parttons, of unobstructed space. Where there was water, t presented
the appearance of dry and, and where there was dry and, t bore the
sembance of water. It resembed another and a wonderfu word, created
by the deusve power of the Asura Maya. It had been entered formery
by the monkeys searchng for St, whch, after a ong tme, were aowed to
come out by the favour of Svayamprabh. So Svayamprabh bade her
adeu, after she had been astonshed wth a fu sght of her wonderfu cty,
and had obtaned mmunty from od age; and Somaprabh makng
Kangasen
ascend the charot agan, took her through the ar to her own paace
n Taksha|'s|. There Kangasen tod the whoe story fathfuy to her
parents, and they were exceedngy peased.
And whe those two frends spent ther days n ths way, Somaprabh
once upon a tme sad to Kangasen: "As ong as you are not marred,
I can contnue to be your frend, but after your marrage, how coud I
enter the house of your husband? For a frend's husband ought never to
be seen or recognsed|*|; * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * As for a mother-n-aw she eats the fesh of a daughter-n-aw as
a she-wof does of a sheep. And propos of ths, hear the story of
Krtsen, whch I am about to te you."
Story of Krtsen and her crue
mother-n-aw.|*|
Long ago there ved n the cty
of P|t.|aputra a merchant named,
not wthout cause, Dhanapta,|*| for he was the rchest of the rch. And
there was born to hm a daughter, named Krtsen, who was ncomparaby
beautfu, and dearer to hm than fe. And he took hs daughter to
Magadha and marred her to a rch merchant, named Devasena. And
though Devasena was hmsef very vrtuous, he had a wcked mother as
mstress n hs house, for hs father was dead. She, when she saw that her
daughter-n-aw Krtsen was beoved by her husband, beng nfamed wth
anger, -treated her n her husband's absenee|**prnters error, absence|. But
Krtsen was afrad
to et her husband know t, for the poston of a brde n the power of a
treaeherous|**prnters error, treacherous| mother-n-aw s a dffcut one.
* Here Dr. Brockhaus supposes a ne to be omtted. The transton s somewhat
abrupt.
* Cp. wth the story of Krtsen the substance of two modern Greek songs
gven n Lebrecht zur Vokskunde, p. 187.
* .e. Weath-preserved.
-----Fe: 273.png---------------------------------------------------------
Once upon a tme her husband Devasena, nstgated by hs reatons,
was preparng to go to the cty of Vaabh for the sake of trade. Then
that Krtsen sad to her husband,--"I have not tod you for ths ong
tme what I am now gong to say: your mother -treats me though you
are here, but I do not know what she w do to me when you are n a
foregn country." When Devasena heard that, he was perpexed, and beng
aarmed on account of hs affecton for hs wfe, he went and humby sad
to hs mother--"Krtsen s commtted to your care, mother, now that
I am gong to a foregn and; you must not treat her unkndy, for she s
the daughter of a man of good famy.|**"| When Devasena's mother heard
that, she summoned Krtsen, and eevatng her eyes, sad to hm then
and there,--"What have I done? ask her. Ths s the way n whch she
eggs you on, my son, tryng to make mschef n the house, but both of
you are the same n my eyes." When the good merchant heard that, he
departed wth hs mnd easy on her account. For who s not deceved by
the hypocrtcay affectonate speeches of a mother? But Krtsen stood
there sent, smng n bewderment, and the next day the merchant set
out for Vaabh. Then, when Krtsen began to suffer torture at beng
separated from her husband, the merchant's mother graduay forbade
the femae saves to attend on her. And makng an agreement
wth a handmad of her own, that worked n the house, she took Krtsen,
nsde and secrety strpped her. And sayng to her, "Wcked woman,
you rob me of my son," she pued her har, and wth the hep of her
servant, manged her wth kcks, btes, and scratches. And she threw her
nto a cear that was cosed wth a trap-door and strongy fastened, after frst
takng out a the thngs that were n t prevousy. And the wretch put n t
every day haf a pate of rce, n the evenng, for the gr who was n such a
state. And she thought, "I w say n a few days 'she ded of hersef
durng her husband's absence n a dstant and, take her corpse away.'"|*|
Thus Krtsen, who deserved a happness, was thrown nto a cear by
that crue mother-n-aw, and whe there she refected wth tears, "My
husband s rch, I was born n a good famy, I am fortunatey endowed and
vrtuous, nevertheess I suffer such caamty, thanks to my mother-n-aw.
And ths s why reatons ament the brth of a daughter, exposed to the
terrors of mother-n-aw, and sster-n-aw, marred wth nauspcousness
of every knd." Whe thus amentng, Krtsen suddeny found a sma
shove n that cear, ke a thorn extracted from her heart by the Creator.
So she dug a passage underground wth that ron nstrument, unt by good
uck she rose up n her own prvate apartment. And she was abe to see that
* Bhtngk and Roth n ther Dctonary expan the passage as foows: mam,
(.e., patm) vyutthpya yt t, she was unfathfu to her husband.
-----Fe: 274.png---------------------------------------------------------
room by the ght of a amp that had been eft there before, as f she were
ghted by her own undmnshed vrtue. And she took out of t her
cothes and her god, and eavng t secrety at the cose of the nght, she
went out of the cty. She refected--"It s not fttng that I shoud go
to my father's house after actng thus; what shoud I say there, and how
woud peope beeve me? So I must manage to repar to my husband by
means of my own ngenuty; for a husband s the ony refuge of vrtuous
women n ths word and the next." Refectng thus, she bathed n the
water of a tank, and put on the spendd dress of a prnce. Then she went
nto the bazar and after exchangng some god for money, she so|ourned
that day n the house of a certan merchant.
The next day she struck up a frendshp wth a merchant named
Samudrasena who wshed to go to Vaabh. And wearng the spendd
dress of a prnce, she set out for Vaabh wth the merchant and hs servants
n order to catch up her husband who had set out beforehand. And she
sad to that merchant, "I am oppressed by my cansmen,|*| so I w go wth
you to my frends n Vaabh."
Havng heard that, the merchant's son wated upon her on the |ourney,
out of respect, thnkng to hmsef that she was some dstngushed prnce
or other; and that caravan preferred for ts march the forest road, whch
was much frequented by traveers, who avoded the other routes because of
the heavy dutes they had to pay. In a few days they reached the entrance
of the forest, and whe the caravan was encamped n the evenng, a femae
|acka, ke a messenger of death, uttered a terrfc how. Thereupon the
merchants, who understood what that meant, beeame|**prnters error,
became| apprehensve of an
attack by bandts, and the guards on every sde took ther arms n hand;
and the darkness began to advance ke the vanguard of the bandts; then
Krtsen, n man's dress, behodng that, refected, "Aas! the deeds of
those who have snned n a former fe seem to propagate themseves wth a
brood of evs! Lo! the caamty whch my mother-n-aw brought upon
me has borne frut here aso! Frst I was enguphed by the wrath of my
mother-n-aw as f by the mouth of death, then I entered the cear ke
a seeond|**prnters error, second| prson of the womb. By good fortune, I
escaped thence, beng, as
t were, born a second tme, and havng come here, I have agan run a rsk
of my fe. If I am san here by bandts, my mother-n-aw, who hates
me, w surey say to my husband, 'She ran off somewhere beng attached
to another man.' But f some one tears off my cothes and recognses me
* Gotra|a neary equvaent to the Gente of Roman aw, and apped to kndred
of the same genera famy connected by offerngs of food and water; hence
opposed
to the Bandhu or cognate kndred. She represented that she was a prnce
whose
cansmen were tryng to dsnhert hm.
-----Fe: 275.png---------------------------------------------------------
for a woman, then agan I run a rsk of outrage, and death s better than
that. So I must dever mysef, and dsregard ths merchant my frend.
For good women must regard the duty of vrtuous wves, not frends and
thngs of that knd." Thus she determned, and searchng about, found a
hoow ke a house n the mdde of a tree, as t were, an openng made
for her by the earth out of pty. There she entered and covered her
body wth eaves and such ke thngs; and remaned supported by the hope
of reunon wth her husband. Then, n the dead of nght, a arge force of
bandts suddeny fe upon the caravan wth upfted weapons, and surrounded
t on a sdes. And there foowed a storm of fght, wth howng
bandts for thunder-couds, and the geam of weapons for ong-contnued
ghtnng-fashes, and a ran of bood. At ast the bandts, beng more
powerfu, sew the merchant-prnce Samudrasena and hs foowers, and
went off wth a hs weath.
In the meanwhe Krtsen was stenng to the tumut, and that she
was not forcby robbed of breath s to be ascrbed to fate ony. Then the
nght departed, and the keen-rayed sun arose, and she went out from that
hoow n the mdde of the tree. Surey the gods themseves preserve n
msfortune good women excusvey devoted to ther husbands, and of unfang
vrtue; for not ony dd a on behodng her n the oney wood
spare her, but a hermt that had come from somewhere or other, when she
asked hm for nformaton, comforted her and gave her a drnk of water
from hs vesse, and then dsappeared n some drecton or other, after teng
her the road to take. Then satsfed as f wth nectar, free from
hunger and thrst, that woman, devoted to her husband, set out by the
road ndcated by the hermt. Then she saw the sun mounted on the
western mountan, stretchng forth hs rays ke fngers, as f sayng--"Wat
patenty one nght"--and so she entered an openng n the root of a
forest tree whch ooked ke a house, and cosed ts mouth wth
another tree. And n the evenng she saw through the openng of
a chnk n the door of her retreat a terrbe Rkshas approachng, accompaned
by her young sons. She was terrfed, thnkng to hersef--"Lo!
I sha be devoured by ths Rkshas after escapng a my other msfortunes"--
and
n the meanwhe the Rkshas ascended that tree. And
her sons ascended after her, and mmedatey sad to that
Rkshas,|*|--"Mother,
gve us somethng to eat." Then the Rkshas sad to her chdren,--"To-day,
my chdren, I went to a great cemetery, but I dd not
obtan any food, and though I entreated the congregaton of wtches, they
* Cp. Thorpe's Yuetde Stores, p. 341, cted before on p. 25, aso Sagas from
the
Far East, p. 162. The Mongoan verson suppes the connectng nk between
Inda
and Europe. In the Sagas from the Far East, the Rkshasas are repaced by
crows.
-----Fe: 276.png---------------------------------------------------------
gave me no porton; then greved therat I appeaed to |'S|va n hs terrfc
form and asked hm for food. And the god asked me my name and neage,
and then sad to me--'Terrbe one, thou art of hgh brth as beongng
to the race of Khara and Dshana;|*| so go to the cty of Vasudatta,
not far from here. In that cty there ves a great kng named Vasudatta
addcted to vrtue; he defends ths whoe forest, dweng on ts border, and
hmsef takes dutes and chastses robbers. Now, one day, whe the kng was
seepng n the forest, fatgued wth huntng, a centpede qucky entered
hs ear unobserved. And n course of tme t gave brth to many others nsde
hs head. That produced an ness whch now dres up a hs snews.
And the physcans do not know what s the cause of hs dsease, but f
some one does not fnd out, he w de n a few days. When he s dead,
eat hs fesh; for by eatng t, you w, thanks to your magc power,
reman satated for sx months!' In these words |'S|va promsed me a mea,
that s attended wth uncertanty, and cannot be obtaned for a ong tme,
so what must I do, my chdren?" When the Rkshas sad ths to her chdren,
they asked her, "If the dsease s dscovered and removed, w that
kng ve, mother? And te us how such a dsease can be cured n hm?"
When the chdren sad ths, the Rkshas soemny sad to them, " If
the dsease s dscovered and removed, the kng w certany ve. And
hear how hs great dsease may be taken away. Frst hs head must be
anonted by rubbng warm butter on t, and then t must be paced fora
ong tme n the heat of the sun ntensfed by noonday. And a hoow
cane-tube must be nserted nto the aperture of hs ear, whch must
communcate
wth a hoe n a pate, and ths pate must be paced above a
ptcher of coo water. Accordngy the centpedes w be annoyed by heat
and perspraton, and w come out of hs head, and w enter that cane-tube
from the aperture of the ear, and desrng cooness w fa nto the
ptcher. In ths way the kng may be freed from that great dsease."
Thus spake the Rkshas to her sons on the tree, and then ceased; and
Krtsen, who was n the trunk of the tree, heard t. And hearng t, she
sad to hersef, "If ever I get safe away from here, I w go and empoy
ths artfce to save the fe of that kng. For he takes but sma dutes,
and dwes on the outskrts of ths forest; and so a the merchants come
ths way because t s more convenent. Ths s what the merchant,
Samudrasena,
who s gone to heaven, tod me; accordngy that husband of mne
w be sure to return by ths very path. So I w go to the cty of Vasudatta,
whch s on the borders of the forest, and I w dever the kng
from hs sckness, and there awat the arrva of my husband." Thus
refectng, she managed, though wth dffcuty, to get through the nght:
* Names of Rkshasas mentoned n the Rmyana.
-----Fe: 277.png---------------------------------------------------------
n the mornng, the R|'a|kshasas havng dsappeared, she went out from the
trunk of the tree.
Then she traveed aong sowy n the dress of a man, and n the
afternoon she saw a good cowherd. He was moved to compasson by
seeng her decate beauty, and that she had accompshed a ong |ourney,
and then she approached hm, and sad--"What country s ths, pease
te me?" The cowherd sad--"Ths cty n front of you s the cty of
Vasudatta, beongng to the kng Vasudatta: as for the kng, he es there
at the pont of death wth ness." When K|'|rtsen|'a| heard that, she sad
to the cowherd, "If any one w conduct me nto the presence of that
kng, I know how to remove hs dsease." When the cowherd heard that,
he sad, "I am gong to that very cty, so come wth me, that I may
pont t out to you." K|'|rtsen|'a| answered--"So be t," and mmedatey
that herdsman conducted her to the cty of Vasudatta, wearng her mae dress.
And teng the crcumstances exacty as they were, he mmedatey
commended
that ady wth auspcous marks to the affcted warder. And the
warder, havng nformed the kng, by hs orders ntroduced the bameess
ady nto hs presence. The kng Vasudatta, though tortured wth hs
dsease, was comforted the moment he behed that ady of wonderfu
beauty; the sou s abe to dstngush frends from enemes. And he sad
to the ady who was dsgused as a man, "Auspcous sr, f you remove
ths dsease, I w gve you haf my kngdom; I remember a ady strpped
off from me n my dream a back banket, so you w certany remove
ths my dsease." When K|'|rtsen|'a|, heard that, she sad--"Ths day s
at an end, O kng; to-morrow I w take away your dsease; do not be
mpatent." Havng sad ths, she rubbed cow's butter on the kng's head;
that made seep come to hm, and the excessve pan dsappeared. And
then a there prased K|'|rtsen|'a|, sayng--"Ths s some god come to us
n the dsguse of a physcan, thanks to our merts n a prevous state of
exstence." And the queen wated on her wth varous attentons, and
apponted for her a house n whch to rest at nght, wth femae attendants.
Then on the next day, at noon, before the eyes of the mnsters and ades
of the harem, K|'|rtsen|'a|, extracted from the head of that kng, through
the aperture of the ear, one hundred and ffty centpedes, by empoyng
the wonderfu artfce prevousy descrbed by the R|'a|kshas|'|. And after
gettng the centpedes nto the ptcher, she comforted the kng by fomentng
hm wth mk and meted butter. The kng havng graduay recovered,
and beng free from dsease, everybody there was astonshed at behodng
those creatures n the ptcher. And the kng, on behodng these
harmfu nsects that bad been extracted from hs head, was terrfed, puzzed
and deghted, and consdered hmsef born agan. And he made hgh
feast, and honoured K|'|rtsen|'a|, who dd not care for haf the kngdom,
-----Fe: 278.png---------------------------------------------------------
wth vages, eephants, horses, and god. And the queens and the mnsters
oaded her wth god and garments, sayng that they ought to honour
the physcan who had saved the fe of ther soveregn. But she deposted
for the present that weath n the hand of the kng, watng for her
husband, and sayng--"I am under a vow for a certan tme."
So Krtsen remaned there some days n man's cothes, honoured by
a men, and n the meanwhe she heard from the peope that her own
husband, the great merchant Devasena, had come that way from Vaabh.
Then, as soon as she knew that that caravan had arrved n the cty, she
went to t, and saw that husband of hers as a peahen behods the new
coud. And she fe at hs feet, and her heart, weepng from the pan of
ong separaton, made her bestow on hm the argha|*| wth her tears of |oy.
Her husband, for hs part, after he had examned her, who was conceaed by
her dsguse, ke the form of the moon nvsbe n the day on account of the
rays of the sun, recognsed her. It was wonderfu that the heart of
Devasena, who was handsome as the moon, dd not dssove ke the
moonstone,|*|
on behodng the moon of her countenance.
Then, Krtsen havng thus reveaed hersef, and her husband remanng
n a state of wonder, marveng what t coud mean, and the company
of merchants beng astonshed, the kng Vasudatta, hearng of t, came
there fu of amazement. And Krtsen, beng questoned by hm, tod
n the presence of her husband her whoe adventure, that was due to the
wckedness of her mother-n-aw. And her husband Devasena, hearng t,
conceved an averson to hs mother, and was affected at the same tme by
anger, forbearance, astonshment, and |oy. And a the peope present there,
havng heard that wonderfu adventure of Krtsen, excamed |oyfuy--"Chaste
women, mounted on the charot of con|uga affecton, protected by
the armour of modesty, and armed wth the weapon of nteect, are vctorous
n the strugge." The kng too sad--"Ths ady, who has endured affcton
for the sake of her husband, has surpassed even queen St, who shared the
hardshps of Rma. So she s henceforth my sster n the fath, as we as
the savour of my fe." When the kng sad that, Krtsen answered
hm--"O kng, et your gft of affecton whch I deposted n your care,
consstng of vages, eephants, and horses, be made over to my husband."
When she sad ths to the kng, he bestowed on her husband Devasena the
vages and other presents, and beng peased gave hm a turban of honour.
Then Devasena, havng hs purse suddeny fed wth stores of weath, part
of whch was gven by the kng, and part acqured by hs own tradng, avod-*
* Water s the prncpa ngredent of the offerng caed argha or arghya.
* Ths gem s formed from the congeaton of the rays of the moon, and
dssoves
under the nfuence of ts ght. There s of course an eaborate pun n Chandra-
*knta.
-----Fe: 279.png---------------------------------------------------------
*ng hs mother, and prasng Krtsen, remaned dweng n that town. And
Krtsen havng found a happy ot, from whch her wcked mother-n-aw
was removed, and havng obtaned gory by her unparaeed adventures,
dwet there n the en|oyment of a uxury and power, ke a the rch frut of
her husband's good deeds ncarnate n a body.
"Thus chaste women, endurng the dspensatons of hoste fate, but preservng
n msfortunes the treasure of ther vrtue, and protected by the great
power of ther goodness, procure good fortune for ther husbands and
themseves.
And thus, O daughter of a kng, many msfortunes befa wves,
nfcted by mothers-n-aw and ssters-n-aw, therefore I desre for you a
husband's house of such a knd, that n t there sha be no mother-n-aw
and no crue sster-n-aw."
Hearng ths deghtfu and marveous story from the mouth of the
Asura prncess Somaprabh, the morta prncess Kangasen was hghy
deghted|**typo? mssng perod| Then the sun, seeng that these taes, the
matter of whch was
so varous, had come to an end, proceeded to set, and Somaprabh, havng
embraced the regretfu Kangasen, went to her own paace.
CHAPTER XXX.
Then Kangasen out of ove went to the top of a paace on the hgh
road, to foow wth her eyes the course of Somaprabh, who had set out for
her own home, and by chance a young kng of the Vdydharas, named
Madanavega, traveng through the ar, had a near vew of her. The youth
behodng her, bewderng the three words wth her beauty, ke the bunch
of peacock feathers of the con|uror Cupd, was much troubed. He
refected--"Away
wth the Vdydhara beautes! Not even the Apsarases
deserve to be mentoned n presence of the surpassng oveness of ths
morta ady. So f she w not consent to become my wfe, what s the
proft of my fe? But how can I assocate wth a morta ady, beng a
Vdydhara?" Thereupon he caed to mnd the scence named Pra|napt,
and that scence, appearng n body form, thus addressed hm, "She s
not reay a morta woman, she s an Apsaras, degraded n consequence of a
curse, and born n the house of the august kng Kangadatta." When the
Vdydhara had been thus nformed by the scence, he went off deghted
and dstracted wth ove; and averse from a other thngs, refected n hs
paace; "It s not fttng for me to carry her off by force; for the possesson
of women by force s, accordng to a curse, fated to brng me death.
So n order to obtan her, I must proptate |'S|va by ascetcsm, for happness
s procurabe by ascetcsm, and no other expedent presents tsef."
-----Fe: 280.png---------------------------------------------------------
Thus he resoved, and the next day he went to the |R.|shabha mountan, and
standng on one foot, performed penance wthout takng food. Then the
husband of Ambk was soon won over by Madanavega's severe ascetcsm,
and appearng to hm, thus en|oned hm, "Ths maden, named Kangasen,
s famous for beauty on the earth, and she cannot fnd any husband
equa to her n the gft of oveness. Ony the kng of Vatsa s a fttng
match for her, and he ongs to possess her, but through fear of Vsavadatt,
does not dare to court her openy. And ths prncess, who s ongng for
a handsome husband, w hear of the kng of Vatsa from the mouth of
Somaprabh,
and repar to hm to choose hm as her husband. So, before her
marrage takes pace, assume the form of the mpatent kng of Vatsa, and
go and make her your wfe by the Gndharva ceremony. In ths way, far
sr, you w obtan Kangasen." Havng receved ths command from
|'S|va, Madanavega prostrated hmsef before hm, and returned to hs home
on the sope of the Kakta mountan.
Then Kangasen went on en|oyng hersef n the cty of Taksha|'s|,
n the socety of Somaprabh, who went every nght to her own home, and
came back every mornng to her frend, n her charot that traveed through
the ar: and one day she sad to Somaprabh n prvate; "My frend, you
must not te any one what I te you. Lsten, and I w gve you a reason
that makes me thnk the tme of my marrage has arrved. Ambassadors
have been sent here by many kngs to ask me n marrage. And they,
after an ntervew wth my father, have aways htherto been dsmssed by
hm as they came. But now the kng of the name of Prasena|t, who
ves n |'S|rvast, has sent a messenger, and he aone has been receved wth
honourabe dstncton by my father|**P1 .| And that course has been
recommended
by my mother, so I con|ecture, the kng, my sutor, has been approved
of by my father and mother, as of suffcenty nobe neage. For he
s born n that famy, n whch were born Amb and Ambk, the paterna
grandmothers of the Kurus and P|n.||d.|us. So, my frend, t s cear that
they have now determned to bestow me n marrage on ths kng Prasena|t
n the cty of |'S|rvast." When Somaprabh heard ths from Kangasen,
she suddeny shed from gref a copous shower of tears, creatng, as
t were, a second neckace. And when her frend asked her the cause of
her tears, that daughter of the Asura Maya, who had seen a the terrestra
word, sad to her--"Of the desrabe requstes n a sutor, youth, good
ooks, nobe brth, good dsposton, and weath, youth s of the greatest
mportance; hgh brth, and so on, are of subordnate mportance. But
I have seen that kng Prasena|t, and he s an od man; who cares about
hs hgh neage, as he s od, any more than about the brth of the |asmne-
fower?
You w be to be pted when nked to hm who s whte as snow, as
the otus-bed, when nked to the wnter, and your face w be a wthered
-----Fe: 281.png---------------------------------------------------------
otus. For ths reason despondency has arsen n me, but I shoud be
deghted f Udayana, the kng of Vatsa, were to become your husband,
O auspcous ady. For there s no kng upon the earth equa to hm
n form, beauty, neage, darng and rches. If, far one, you shoud be
marred to that fttng mate, the dspay whch the Creator has made n
your case of hs power to create beauty, woud have brought forth frut."
By means of these speeches, artfuy framed by Somaprabh, the mnd of
Kangasen, was mpeed as f by engnes, and few towards the kng of
Vatsa. And then the prncess asked the daughter of Maya, "Frend, how
s t that he s caed the kng of Vatsa? In what race was he born?
And whence was he named Udayana? Te me." Then Somaprabh sad--
"Lsten, frend, I w te you that. There s a and, the ornament of the
earth, named Vatsa. In t there s a cty named Kau'smb, ke a second
Amarvat; and he s caed the kng of Vatsa because he rues there.
And hear hs neage, my frend, reated by me. Ar|una of the Pnd.ava
race had a son named Abhmanyu, and he, sked n breakng the cose rngs
of the hoste army, destroyed the force of the Kauravas. From hm there
sprang a kng named Parksht, the head of the race of Bharata, and from
hm sprang |aname|aya, who performed the snake-sacrfce. Hs son was
'Satnka who setted n Kau'smb, and he was san n a war between
the gods and Asuras after sayng many gants. Hs son was kng Sahasrnka,
an ob|ect of prase to the word, to whom Indra sent hs charot, and
he went to heaven and returned thence. To hm was born ths Udayana
by the queen Mr.gvat, the ornament of the race of the Moon, a kng
that s a feast to the eyes of the word. Hear too the reason of hs name.
That Mr.gvat, the mother of ths hgh-born kng, beng pregnant, fet a
desre to bathe n a ake of bood, and her husband, afrad of commttng
sn, had a ake made of qud ac and other cooured fuds n whch she
punged. Then a brd of the race of Garud.a pounced upon her, thnkng
she was raw fesh, and carred her off, and, as fate woud have t, eft her
ave on the mountan of the sunrse. And there the hermt |amadagn
saw her, and comforted her, promsng her reunon wth her husband, and
she remaned there n hs hermtage. For such was the curse nfcted
upon her husband by Tottam |eaous on account of hs negectng her,
whch caused hm separaton from hs wfe for a season. And n some days
she brought forth a son n the hermtage of |amadagn on that very
mountan of the sunrse, as the sky brngs forth the new moon. And
because he was born on the mountan of the sunrse, the gods then and
there gave hm the name of Udayana, utterng from heaven ths bodess
voce--'Ths Udayana, who s now born, sha be soveregn of the whoe
earth, and there sha be born to hm a son, who sha be emperor of a the
Vdydharas.'
-----Fe: 282.png---------------------------------------------------------
"Sahasrnka, for hs part, who had been nformed of the rea state of
the case by Mta, and had fxed hs hope on the termnaton of hs curse,
wth dffcuty got through the tme wthout that Mr.gvat. But when
the curse had expred, the kng obtaned hs token from a 'Savara who, as
fate woud have t, had come from the mountan of the sunrse. And
then he was nformed of the truth by a voce that came from heaven,
and makng that 'Savara hs gude, he went to the mountan of the sunrse.
There he found hs wfe Mr.gvat ke the success of hs wshes, and her
son Udayana ke the ream of fancy. Wth them he returned to Kau'smb,
and apponted hs son crown-prnce, peased wth the exceence of
hs quates; and he gave hm the sons of hs mnsters, Yaugandharyana
and others. When hs son took the burden of the kngdom off hs shouders,
he en|oyed peasures for a ong tme n the socety of Mr.gvat. And n tme
the kng estabshed hs son, that very Udayana, on the throne, and beng od,
went wth hs wfe and mnsters on the ong |ourney. So, Udayana has
obtaned that kngdom that beonged to hs father, and havng conquered
a hs enemes, rues the earth wth the hep of Yaugandharyan.a."
Havng n these words qucky tod her n confdence the story of Udayana,
she agan sad to her frend Kangasen--"Thus that kng s caed
the kng of Vatsa, far one, because he rues n Vatsa, and snce he comes of
the Pndava neage, he s aso descended from the race of the sun. And
the gods gave hm the name of Udayana, because he was born on the
mountan
of the sunrse, and n ths word even the god of ove s not a match
for hm n beauty. He aone s a husband ft for you, most beautfu ady
of the three words, and he, beng a over of beauty, no doubt ongs for
you, who are famous for t. But, my frend, hs head-wfe s Vsavadatt,
the daughter of Chandamahsena. And she seected hm hersef, desertng her
reatons n the ardour of her passon, and so sparng the bushes of Ush,
'Sakunta and other madens. And a son has been born to hm by her,
caed Naravhanadatta, who s apponted by the gods as the future emperor
of the Vdydharas. So t s through fear of her that the kng of Vatsa
does not send here to ask for your hand, but she has been seen by me, and
she does not ve wth you n the gft of beauty." When her frend Somaprabh
sad ths, Kangasen, beng n ove wth the kng of Vatsa, answered
her--"I know a ths, but what can I do, as I am under the power of
my parents? But n ths, you, who know a thngs and possess magc
power, are my refuge." Somaprabh then sad to her--"The whoe matter
depends on destny; n proof of t hear the foowng tae."
Story of Te|asvat.
Once on a tme there ved n
U||ayn a kng named Vkramasena,
and he had a daughter named Te|asvat, matchess n beauty. And she
dsapproved of every kng who sued for her hand. But one day, whe she
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was on the roof of her paace, she saw a man, and as fate woud have t,
she fet a desre to meet hm as he was very handsome, and she sent her
confdante to hm, to communcate to hm her desre. The confdante went
and entreated the man, who shrank from such an audacous step, and at ast
wth much dffcuty she made hm aganst hs w agree to an assgnaton,
sayng, "Awat, good sr, the arrva of the prncess at nght n ths
retred tempe whch you see here." After sayng ths, she took eave of
hm, and went and tod the prncess Te|asvat, who for her part remaned
watchng the sun. But that man, though he had consented, fed somewhere
ese out of fear; a frog s not capabe of reshng the fbres of a
bed of red otuses.
In the meanwhe a certan prnce of hgh neage came, as hs father
was dead, to vst the kng who had been hs father's frend. And that
handsome young prnce, named Somadatta, whose kngdom and weath had
been taken by pretenders, arrvng at nght, entered by accdent, to pass
the nght there, that very tempe n whch the confdante of the prncess
had arranged a meetng wth the man. Whe he was there, the prncess,
bnd wth passon, approached hm, wthout dstngushng who he was,
and made hm her sef-chosen husband. The wse prnce gady receved n
sence the brde offered hm by fate, who foreshadowed hs unon wth the
future Fortune of Royaty. And the prncess soon perceved that he was
very charmng, and consdered that she had not been deceved by the Creator.
Immedatey they conversed together, and the two separated accordng to
agreement; the prncess went to her own paace, whe the kng spent the
rest of the nght there. In the mornng the prnce went and announced hs
name by the mouth of the warder, and beng recognsed, entered nto the
presence
of the kng. There he tod hs sorrow on account of hs kngdom havng
been taken away, and other nsuts, and the kng agreed to assst hm n
overthrowng hs enemes. And he determned to gve hm the daughter
be had ong desred to gve away, and then and there tod hs ntenton to
the mnsters. Then the queen tod the kng hs daughter's adventure,
havng been nformed of t before by hersef, through the mouths of trusty
confdantes. Then the kng was astonshed at fndng that caamty had
been averted and hs desre attaned by mere chance, as n the fabe of the
crow and the pam,|*| and thereupon one of the mnsters sad to the kng,
"Fate watches to ensure the ob|ects of auspcous persons, as good servants
of ther masters, when the atter are not on the ook-out. And to ustrate
ths, I w te you the foowng tae: sten!"
* Ths s we known n Inda now. A crow aghted on a pam-tree when |ust
about to fa, and so t appeared that hs weght made t fa. For ths and many
other
hnts I am ndebted to Pan.d.t S. C. Mooker|ea, of the Hndu Schoo.
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Story of the Brhman Har|'s|arman.
There was a certan Brhman
n a certan vage, named Har|'s|arman.|*|
He was poor and foosh and n ev ease for want of empoyment,
and he had very many chdren, that he mght reap the frut of hs msdeeds
n a former fe. He wandered about beggng wth hs famy, and
at ast he reached a certan cty, and entered the servce of a rch househoder
caed Sthadatta. He made hs sons keepers of ths househoder's
cows and other possessons, and hs wfe a servant to hm, and he hmsef
ved near hs house, performng the duty of an attendant. One day there
was a feast on account of the marrage of the daughter of Sthadatta,
argey attended by many frends of the brdegroom, and merry-makers.
And then Har|'s|arman entertaned a hope that be woud be abe to f hmsef
up to the throat wth ghee and fesh and other dantes, together wth hs
famy, n the house of hs patron. Whe he was anxousy expectng that
occason, no one thought of hm. Then he was dstressed at gettng
nothng to eat, and he sad to hs wfe at nght; "It s owng to my poverty
and stupdty that I am treated wth such dsrespect here: so I w dspay
by means of an artfce an assumed knowedge, n order that I may
become an ob|ect of respect to ths Sthadatta, and when you get an
opportunty,
te hm that I possess supernatura knowedge." He sad ths to
her, and after turnng the matter over n hs mnd, whe peope were aseep
he took away from the house of Sthadatta a horse on whch hs son-n-aw
rode. He paced t n conceament at some dstance, and n the mornng
the frends of the brdegroom coud not fnd the horse, though they
searched n every drecton. Then, whe Sthadatta was dstressed at the
ev omen, and searchng for the theves who had carred off the horse, the
wfe of Har|'s|arman came and sad to hm--"My husband s a wse man, sked
n astroogy and scences of that knd; and he w procure for you
the horse; why do you not ask hm?" When Sthadatta heard that, he
caed that Har|'s|arman, who sad, "Yesterday I was forgotten, but to-day,
now the horse s stoen, I am caed to mnd," and Sthadatta then proptated
the Brahman wth these words--"I forgot you, forgve me"--and
asked hm to te hm who had taken away ther horse? Then Har|'s|arman
drew a knds of pretended dagrams and sad,--"The horse has been
paced by theves on the boundary ne south from ths pace. It s conceaed
there, and before t s carred off to a dstance, as t w be at cose
of day, qucky go and brng t." When they heard that, many men ran
and brought the horse qucky, prasng the dscernment of Har|'s|arman.
Then Har|'s|arman was honoured by a men as a sage, and dwet there
n happness, honoured by Sthadatta. Then, as days went on, much
* Benfey consders that ths, as we as " Harprya," means "bockhead," Orent
und Occdent, Vo. I, p. 374.
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weath consstng of god and |ewes was carred off by a thef from the
paace of the kng. As the thef was not known, the kng qucky summoned
Har'sarman on account of hs reputaton for supernatura knowedge.
And he, when summoned, tred to gan tme, and sad "I w te
you to-morrow," and then he was paced n a chamber by the kng, and
carefuy
guarded. And he was despondent about hs pretended knowedge.|*|
Now n that paace there was a mad named |hv,|*| who, wth the assstance
of her brother had carred off that weath from the nteror of the
paace: she, beng aarmed at Har'sarman's knowedge, went at nght and
apped her ear to the door of that chamber n order to fnd out what he was
about. And Har'sarman, who was aone nsde, was at that very moment
bamng hs own tongue, that had made a van assumpton of knowedge.
He sad--"O Tongue, what s ths that you have done, through desre of
en|oyment? I-conducted one, endure now punshment n ths pace."
When |hv heard ths, she thought n her terror, that she had been dscovered
by ths wse man, and by an artfce she managed to get n where he was,
and fang at hs feet, she sad to that supposed sage;--" Brhman, here
I am, that |hv whom you have dscovered to be the thef of the weath,
and after I took t, I bured t n the earth n a garden behnd the paace,
under a pomegranate tree. So spare me, and receve the sma quantty
of god whch s n my possesson. When Har'sarman heard that, he sad
to her proudy, "Depart, I know a ths; I know the past, present and
future: but I w not denounce you, beng a mserabe creature that has
mpored my protecton. But whatever god s n your possesson you
must gve back to me." When he sad ths to the mad, she consented and
departed qucky. But Har'sarman refected n hs astonshment; " Fate,
f proptous, brngs about, as f n sport, a thng that cannot be accompshed,
for n ths matter when caamty was near, success has unexpectedy
been attaned by me. Whe I was bamng my tongue {|hv), the thef
|hv, suddeny fung hersef at my feet. Secret crmes I see, manfest
themseves by means of fear." In these refectons he passed the nght
happy n the chamber. And n the mornng he brought the kng
by some skfu parade of pretended knowedge nto the garden, and
ed hm up to the treasure, whch was bured there and he sad
that the thef had escaped wth a part of t. Then the kng was peased
and proceeded to gve hm vages. But the mnster, named Deva|nnn,
whspered n the kng's ear, "How can a man possess such
knowedge unattanabe by men, wthout havng studed treatses; so
* A MS. n the Sanskrt Coege reads |nav|na, . e., the knowng one, the
astrooger.
* Ths word means tongue.
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you may be certan that ths s a specmen of the way he makes a dshonest
vehood, by havng a secret ntegence wth theves. So t w be better
to test hm by some new artfce." Then the kng of hs own accord
brought a new covered ptcher nto whch he had thrown a frog, and sad
to that Har|'s|arman--"Brhman, f you can guess what there s n ths
ptcher, I w do you great honour to-day." When the Brhman Har|'s|arman
heard that, he thought that hs ast hour had come, and he caed to
mnd the pet name of frog whch hs father had gven hm n hs chdhood
n sport, and mpeed by the dety he apostrophzed hmsef by t, amentng
hs hard fate, and suddeny excamed there--"Ths s a fne ptcher for
you, frog, snce suddeny t has become the swft destroyer of your
hepess sef n ths pace. "The peope there, when they heard that, made a
tumut of appause, because hs speech chmed n so we wth the ob|ect
presented to hm, and murmured,--"Ah! a great sage, he knows even
about the frog!" Then the kng, thnkng that ths was a due to
knowedge of dvnaton, was hghy deghted, and gave Har|'s|arman vages
wth god, umbrea, and vehces of a knds. And mmedatey
Har|'s|arman became ke a feuda chef.
"Thus good ob|ects are brought about by fate for those whose actons
n a former fe have been good. Accordngy fate made that daughter of
yours, Te|asvat, approach Somadatta a man of equa brth, and kept away
one who was unsuted to her." Hearng ths from the mouth of hs mnster,
the kng Vkramasena gave hs daughter to that prnce as f she were
the goddess of fortune. Then the prnce went and overcame hs enemes
by the hep of hs father-n-aw's host, and beng estabshed n hs own
kngdom, ved happy n the company of hs wfe.
"So true s t that a ths happens by the speca favour of fate; who
on earth woud be abe to |on you, ovey as you are, wth the kng of
Vatsa, though a sutabe match for you, wthout the hep of fate? What
can I do n ths matter, frend Kangasen?" Kangasen, hearng ths
story n prvate from the mouth of Somaprabh, became eager n her sou
for unon wth the kng of Vatsa, and, n her aspratons after hm, began
to fee n a ess degree the fear of her reatons and the warnngs of modesty.
Then, the sun, the great amp of the three words, beng about to set,
Somaprabh
the daughter of the Asura Maya, havng wth dffcuty taken eave,
unt her mornng return, of her frend, whose mnd was fxed upon her
proposed
attempt, went through the ar to her own home.
Note on the story of Harsrman|**P1 typo?|.
The story of Har|'s|arman resembes cosey that of Doctor Awssend n
Grmm's
Taes. It s shown by Benfey to exst n varous forms n many countres. It s
found n the Sddhkr, the Mongoan form of the Sanskrt
Vetapanchavn|'s|at. In
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ths form of the story the ncdent of the frog n the pot s omtted, and the
other ncdents
are consderaby ftered. Instead of the kng's treasure we fnd a magc gem,
on
whch the prosperty of the country depends; t s not stoen but ost by the
kng's
daughter. Instead of the horse we have the cure of a sck Khn who had been
drven mad
by ev sprts. The foy of the man who represents the Brhman conssts n hs
choosng
worthess presents for hs reward. (The story s the IVth n Sagas from the Far
East.) Benfey consders the fuest form of the story to be that n Schecher's
Lthuanan
Legends. In ths form of the story we have the steang of the horse. In
other ponts t resembes the Mongoan verson. The Brhman s represented
by a
poor cottager, who puts up over hs door a notce sayng that he s a Doctor,
who
knows everythng and can do everythng. The thrd expot of the cottager s
the fndng
of a stoen treasure whch s the second n the Indan story, but hs second s a
mracuous
cure whch s n accordance wth the Sddkr. The atter s probaby a ate
work; and we may presume that the Mongos brought the Indan story to
Europe, n a
form resembng that n the Kath Sart Sgara more neary than the form n
the
Sddkr does. In the thrd expot of the cottager n the Lthuanan tae, whch
corresponds to the second n the Indan, the treasure has been stoen by three
servants.
They sten outsde whe the Doctor s aone n hs room. When the cock strkes
one,--he says, "We have one." When t strkes two, he says--"We have two."
When t strkes three, he says,--"We have now three." In ther terror they go to
the doctor and beg hm not to betray them. He s rchy rewarded.
But after a, Grmm's form of the tae s nearest to the Sanskrt. The dsh wth
crabs n t, the contents of whch the Doctor has to guess, makes hm
excam--"Ach
ch armor Krebs." Ths mght amost have been transated from the Sanskrt; t
s
so smar n form. The guty servants, who stoe the god are detected by the
Doctor's
sayng to hs wfe--"Margaret, that s the frst"--meanng the frst who wated at
tabe, and so on.
The story s aso found n the Facetae of Henrcus Bebeus, 1506. Here a poor
charcoa-burner represents the Brhman. He asks three days to consder. The
kng
gves hm a good dnner, and whe the frst thef s standng at the wndow, he
excams
"|am unts accesst" meanng "one day s at an end." The next day the second
thef
comes to sten. The charcoa-burner excams "Secundus accesst" and so wth
the
thrd, whereupon they a confess.
Benfey conceves hmsef to have found the ncdent of the horse n Pogg
Facet
(LXXXVI ed. Cracov. 1592, p. 59). Here a doctor boasts a wonder-workng p.
A man who has ost hs ass takes one of these ps. It conducts hm to a bed of
reeds
where he fnds hs ass. (The artce from whch I have taken these paraes s
found n Benfey's Orent und Occdent, Vo. I, p. 371 and ff.)
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CHAPTER XXXI.
The next mornng Somaprabh arrved, and Kangsen sad to her
frend n her confdenta conversaton--"My father certany wshes to
gve me to Prasena|t, I heard ths from my mother, and you have seen
that he s an od man. But you have descrbed the kng of Vatsa n such
a way n the course of conversaton, that my mnd has been captvated by
hm enterng n through the gate of my ear. So frst shew me Prasena|t,
and then take me there, where the kng of Vatsa s; what do I care for
my father, or my mother?" When the mpatent gr sad ths, Somaprabh
answered her--"If you must go, then et us go n the charot that
traves through the ar. But you must take wth you a your retnue, for,
as soon as you have seen the kng of Vatsa, you w fnd t mpossbe to
return. And you w never see or thnk of your parents, and when you
have obtaned your beoved, you w forget even me, as I sha be at a dstance
from you. For I sha never enter your husband's house, my frend."
When the prncess heard that, she wept and sad to her,--"Then brng that
kng of Vatsa here, my frend, for I sha not be abe to exst there a moment
wthout you: was not Anruddha brought to Ush by Chtraekh?
And though you know t, hear from my mouth that story."
Story of Ush and Anruddha.
The Asura Bna had a daughter,
famous under the name of Ush.
And she proptated Gaur, who granted her a boon n order that she mght
obtan a husband, sayng to her, "He to whom you sha be unted n a
dream, sha be your husband." Then she saw n a dream a certan man
ookng ke a dvne prnce. She was marred by hm accordng to the
Gndharva form of marrage, and after obtanng the |oy of unon wth hm,
she woke up at the cose of nght. When she dd not see the husband she
had seen n her dream, but behed the traces of hs presence, she remembered
the boon of Gaur, and was fu of dsquetude, fear, and astonshment.
And beng mserabe wthout the husband whom she had seen n her dream,
she confessed a to her frend Chtraekh, who questoned her. And
Chtraekh,
beng acquanted wth magc, thus addressed that Ush, who knew
not the name of her over nor any sgn whereby to recognse hm,--"My
frend, ths s the resut of the boon of the goddess Gaur, what doubt can
we aege n ths matter? But how are you to search for your over as he
s not to be recognsed by any token? I w sketch for you the whoe word,
gods, Asuras, and men, n case you may be abe to recognse hm;|*| and
* Cp. Raston's Russan Fok-Taes, p. 240.
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pont hm out to me among them, n order that I may brng hm." Thus
spoke Chtraekh, and when Ush answered "By a means!" she panted
for her wth cooured pencs the whoe word n order. Thereupon Ush
excamed |oyfuy, "There he s," and ponted out wth trembng fnger
Anruddha n Dvravat of the race of Yadu. Then Chtraekh sad--"My
frend, you are fortunate, n that you have obtaned for a husband Anruddha
the grandson of the adorabe Vshnu. But he ves sxty thousand
yo|anas from here." When Ush heard that, she sad to her, overpowered
by excessve ongng, "Frend, f I cannot to-day repar to hs bosom coo
as sanda wood, know that I am aready dead, beng burnt up wth the
uncontroabe fre of ove." When Chtraekh heard ths, she consoed her
dear frend, and mmedatey few up and went through the ar to the cty
of Dvravat; and she behed t n the mdde of the sea, producng wth ts
vast and ofty paaces an appearance as f the peaks of the churnng
mountan|*| had
agan been fung nto the ocean. She found Anruddha aseep
n that cty at nght, and woke hm up, and tod hm that Ush had faen
n ove wth hm on account of havng seen hm n a dream. And she took
the prnce, who was eager for the ntervew, ookng exacty as he had
before appeared n Ush's dream, and returned from Dvravat n a moment
by the mght of her magc. And fyng wth hm through the ar, she
ntroduced that over secrety nto the prvate apartments of Ush, who
was awatng hm. When Ush behed that Anruddha arrved n body
form, resembng the moon, there was a movement n her mbs resembng
the tde of the sea.|*| Then she remaned there wth that sweet-heart who
had been gven her by her frend, n perfect happness, as f wth Lfe
emboded n vsbe form. But her father Bna, when he heard t, was
angry; however Anruddha conquered hm by hs own vaour and the mght
of hs grandfather. Then Ush, and Anruddha returned to Dvravat
and became nseparabe ke |'S|va and Prvat.|*|
"Thus Chtraekh unted Ush wth her over n one day, but I consder
you, my frend, far more powerfu than her. So brng me the kng
of Vatsa here, do not deay." When Somaprabh heard ths from Kangasen,
she sad--"Chtraekh, a nymph of heaven, mght take up a strange
man and brng hm, but what can one ke mysef do n the matter, who
never touch any man but my husband? So I w take you, my frend, to
the pace where the kng of Vatsa s, havng frst shewn you your sutor
* The mountan Mandara whch served as a churnng-stck at the churnng of
the
ocean of mk.
* Vet s evdenty corrupt.
* Ths s to be understood teray of |'S|va and Prvat, but metaphorcay of
Ush and Anruddha.
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Prasena|t." When Somaprabh made ths proposa to Kangasen, she
consented, and mmedatey ascended wth her the magc charot prepared
by her, and settng out through the ar wth her treasures and her retnue,
she went off unknown to her parents. For women mpeed by ove regard
nether heght nor depth n front of them, as a horse urged on by hs rder
does not fear the keenest sword-edge.
Frst she came to |'S|rvast, and behed from a dstance the kng Prasena|t
whte wth age, who had gone out to hunt, dstngushed by a
chour frequenty waved, whch seemed at a dstance to repe her as
f sayng--"Leave ths od man." And Somaprabh ponted hm out
wth a scornfu augh, sayng--"Look! ths s the man to whom
your father wshes to gve you." Then she sad to Somaprabh--"Od
age has chosen hm for her own, what other femae w choose hm?"
"So take me away from here qucky, my frend, to the kng of
Vatsa." Immedatey Kangasen went wth her to the cty of Kau|'s|mb
through the ar. Then she behed from a dstance wth eagerness that kng
of Vatsa, ponted out by her frend n a garden, as the femae partrdge
behods the nectar-rayed moon. Wth dated eye, and hand paced on the
heart, she seemed to say "He has entered my sou by ths path." Then she
excamed, "Frend, procure me a meetng here wth the kng of Vatsa ths
very day; for havng seen hm I am not abe to wat a moment." But
when she sad ths, her frend Somaprabh answered her--"I have seen to-day
an unfavourabe omen, so reman, my frend, ths day quet and unobserved
n ths garden, do not, my frend, send go-betweens backwards and forwards.
To-morrow I w come and devse some expedent for your meetng:
at present, O thou whose home s n my heart, I desre to return to the
home of my husband." Havng sad ths, Somaprabh departed thence
after eavng her there; and the kng of Vatsa, eavng the garden, entered
hs paace. Then Kangasen, remanng there, sent her chamberan,
gvng hm her message expcty, to the kng of Vatsa; and ths she dd,
though prevousy forbdden by her frend, who understood omens. Love,
when recenty enthroned n the breasts of young women, s mpatent of
a restrant. And the chamberan went and announced hmsef by the
mouth of the warder, and mmedatey enterng, thus addressed the kng of
Vatsa--"O kng, the daughter of Kangadatta the kng who rues over
Taksha|'s|, Kangasen by name, havng heard that you are most handsome,
has come here to choose you for a husband, abandonng her reatves,
havng accompshed the |ourney n a magc car that traves through the
ar, together wth her attendants; and she has been conducted here by her
confdante named Somaprabh, who traves nvsbe, the daughter of
the Asura Maya, the wfe of Nadakvara. I have been sent by her to
nform you; do you receve her; et there be unon of you two
-----Fe: 291.png---------------------------------------------------------
as of the moonght and the moon." When the kng heard ths from the
chamberan, he wecomed hm, sayng--"I consent," and beng deghted,
he honoured hm wth god and garments. And summonng hs chef mnster
Yaugandhrayana, he sad to hm, "The daughter of kng Kangadatta,
who s caed Kangasen, and whose beauty s famed on the earth,
has come of her own accord to choose me as a husband; so te me qucky,
when sha I marry her, for she s not to be re|ected?" The mnster
Yaugandharyana, when the kng of Yatsa sad ths to hm, regardng
what woud be best for hs master n the ong run, refected for a moment
as foows:|*| "Kangasen s certany famed for beauty n the three words,
there s no other ke her; even the gods are n ove wth her. If ths
kng of Vatsa obtan her, he w abandon everythng ese, and then the
queen Vsavadatt w ose her fe, and then the prnce Naravhanadatta
w persh, and Padmvat out of ove for hm w fnd fe hard to retan;
and then Chandamahsena and Pradyota, the fathers of the two queens, w
ose ther ves or become hoste; and thus utter run w foow. On the
other hand t w not do to forbd the match, snce the vcous passon of ths
kng w ncrease f he s thwarted. So I w put off the tme of hs marrage
n order to attan a favourabe ssue." Havng thus refected, Yaugandharyana
sad to the kng of Vatsa, "O kng, you are fortunate n that ths Kangasen
has of her own accord come to your house, and the kng, her father,
has become your servant. So you must consut the astroogers, and marry
her n accordance wth good custom at an auspcous tme, for she s
the daughter of a great kng. To-day gve her a sutabe paace to dwe n
by hersef, and send her mae and femae saves, and robes and ornaments."
When hs chef mnster gave hm ths advce, the kng of Yatsa approved
t, and wth gad heart performed t a wth speca attenton. Then
Kangasen entered the paace assgned her for resdence, and consderng
her desre attaned, was exceedngy deghted.
The wse Yaugandharyana, for hs part, mmedatey eft the kng's
court, went to hs own house, and refected--"Often procrastnaton serves
to avert an nauspcous measure. For ong ago, when Indra had fed on
account of havng caused the death of a Brhman, and Nahusha obtaned
the soveregnty over the gods, he fe n ove wth |'S|ach,|*| and she was
saved by the preceptor of the gods|*|, to whom she had ed for refuge.
For n order to gan tme, he kept sayng--'She w come to you to-day
or to-morrow,'--unt Nahusha was destroyed by the curse of a Brhman,
uttered wth an angry roar, and Indra reganed the soveregnty
* I read evam for eva.
* The wfe of Indra.
* .e. Brhaspat.
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of the gods. In the same way I must keep puttng off my master."
Havng thus refected, the mnster secrety made an arrangement wth
the astroogers that they were to fx a dstant date.
Then the queen Vsavadatt found out what had taken pace, and
summoned the prme-mnster to her paace. When he entered and
bowed before her, the queen sad to hm, weepng--"Nobe sr, you
sad to me ong ago, 'Oueen, as ong as I reman where I am, you
sha have no other rva but Padmvat,' and observe now, ths Kangasen
s about to be marred here: and she s beautfu, and my husband s
attached to her, so you have proved a prophet of fasehood and I am now
a dead woman." When the mnster Yaugandharyana heard ths, he sad
to her--"Be composed, for how coud ths happen, queen, whe I am ave?
However, you must not oppose the kng n ths matter, but must on the
contrary
take refuge n sef-restrant, and shew hm a compasance. The sck
man s not nduced to pace hmsef n the physcan's hands by dsagreeabe
speeches, but he s by agreeabe speeches, f the physcan does hs work
by a concatory method. If a man s dragged aganst the current, he
w never escape from the stream of a rver, or from a vcous tendency,
but f he s carred wth the current, he w escape from both. So when
the kng comes nto your presence, receve hm wth a attentons, wthout
anger, conceang your rea feengs. Approve at present of hs marryng
Kangasen, sayng that hs kngdom w be made more powerfu by her
father aso becomng hs ay. And f you do ths, the kng w perceve
that you possess n a hgh degree the vrtue of magnanmty, and hs ove
and courtesy towards you w ncrease, and thnkng that Kangasen s
wthn hs reach, he w not be mpatent, for the desre of a man for any
ob|ect ncreases f he s restraned. And you must teach ths esson to
Padmvat aso, O bameess one, and so that kng may submt to our puttng
hm off n ths matter. And after ths, I ween, you w behod my sk
n stratagem. For the wse are tested n dffcuty, even as heroes are
tested n fght. So, queen, do not be despondent." In these words
Yaugandharyana
admonshed the queen, and, as she receved hs counses wth
respect, he departed thence.|*| But the kng of Vatsa, throughout that day,
nether n ght nor darkness entered the prvate apartments of ether of
the two queens, for hs mnd was eager for a new we-matched unon wth
Kangasen, who had approached hm n such an ardour of spontaneous
choce. And then the queen and the prme-mnster and the kng and
Kangasen spent the nght n wakefuness ke that of a great feast, apart
n ther respectve houses, the second coupe through mpatence for a rare
deght, and the frst through very profound anxety.
* For san I shoud prefer sa whch s read n a MS. ent me by the Prncpa of
the Sanskrt Coege.
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CHAPTER XXXII.
----
Then the artfu mnster Yaugandhar|'a|yana came the next mornng to
the kng of Vatsa, who was expectng hm, and made the foowng
representaton--"O
kng, why do you not mmedatey enqure about an auspcous
moment for ceebratng the happy marrage of your hghness wth
Kangasen|'a|, the daughter of Kangadatta, the kng of Taksha|'s||'a|?"|*|
When the kng heard that, he sad--"The same desre s fxed n my
heart, for my mnd cannot endure to reman a moment wthout her"
Havng sad ths, the smpe-hearted monarch gave orders to a warder,
who stood before hm, and summoned the astroogers. When he questoned
them, they, havng had ther cue prevousy gven them by the prme
mnster, sad, "For the kng there w be a favourabe moment n
sx months from ths tme."
When Yaugandhar|'a|yana heard ths, he pretended to be angry, and the
cunnng feow sad to the kng, "Out on these boekheads! That astrooger,
whom your hghness prevousy honoured on the ground of hs
ceverness, has not come to-day, ask hm, and then do what s proper"
When he heard ths speech of hs mnster's, the kng of Vatsa mmedatey
summoned that very astrooger wth mnd n an agony of suspense. He
aso stuck to hs agreement, and n order to put off the day of the marrage
he named when asked, after some refecton, a moment sx months off. Then
* Taksha|'s||'a| has been dentfed by Genera Cunnngham wth the runs of
an
ancent cty near Shah-der one me to the north-east of K|'a|a-ka-sera. Mr.
Growse has
ponted out to me that I made a mstake n statng (after Wson) n a note on p.
5 of ths
transaton, that the precse ste of Kau|'s||'a|mb|'|, the capta of the kng of
Vatsa, whch Kangasen|'a|
reached n one day n the magc charot, has not been ascertaned. He says:
"It has been dscovered by Genera Cunnngham. The pace s st caed
Kosam, and
s on the Yamun|"a|, about 30 mes above Aahabad. The runs consst of an
mmense
fortress, wth earthen ramparts from 30 to 35 feet hgh, and bastons
consderaby hgher,
formng a crcut of 23,100 feet, or exacty four mes and 3 furongs. The
parapets were
of brck and stone, some of the brcks measurng 19 n. x 12-1/2 x 2-1/2, whch
s a proof of
ther great antquty. In the mdst of these runs s a arge stone monoth,
smar to
those at Aahabad and Deh, but wthout any nscrpton. The porton of the
shaft
above ground s 14 feet n ength, and an excavaton made at the base for a
depth of
20 feet dd not come to the end of t. Its tota ength probaby exceeds 40 feet.
There
was, I beeve, some tak of removng t to Aahabad and settng t up there, but
t was
found to be too expensve an undertakng." |'S|r|'a|vast|'|, whch
Kangasen|'a| passed on
the way from Taksha|'s||'a|, has been dentfed by Genera Cunnngham wth
S|'a|het-Mahet
on the south bank of the Rapt n Oudh.
36
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Yaugandharya|n.|a pretendng to be dstracted, sad to the kng--"Let your
ma|esty command what s to be done n ths matter!" The kng, beng mpatent
and ongng for a favourabe moment, sad, after refectng--"You
must ask Kangasen, and see what she says." When Yaugandharya|n.|a
heard ths, he took wth hm two astroogers and went nto the presence
of Kangasen. She receved hm potey, and behodng her beauty,
he refected--"If the kng were to obtan her, he woud abandon the whoe
kngdom n hs reckess passon." And he sad to her, "I am come wth
these astroogers to fx the moment of your marrage; so et these servants
nform me of the partcuar star n the unar mansons under whch you
were born." When the astroogers heard the unar manson stated by her
attendants, they pretended to nvestgate the matter, and kept sayng n
the course of ther cacuatons, "It s not on ths sde, t must be after
that." At ast, n accordance wth ther agreement wth the mnster,
they named agan that very moment at the end of sx months. When
Kangasen heard that dstant date fxed, she was cast down n sprt,
but her chamberan sad, "You must frst fx a favourabe moment, so that
ths coupe may be happy a ther ves, what matters t whether t be
near or far off?" When they heard ths speech of the chamberan's, a
there mmedatey excamed--"We sad." And Yaugandharya|n.|a sad,
"Yes, and f an nauspcous moment s apponted for us, the kng
Kangadatta, our proposed connexon, w be greved." Then Kangasen,
beng hepess, sad to them a--"Let t be as you appont n your
wsdom"--and remaned sent. And at once acceptng that speech of
hers, Yaugandharya|n.|a took eave of her, and went wth the astroogers nto
the presence of the kng. Then he tod the proceedngs to the kng of
Vatsa, exacty as they had happened, and so havng setted hs mnd by an
artfce, he went to hs own house.
So havng attaned hs ob|ect of puttng off the marrage, n order to
compete the scheme he had n vew, he caed to mnd hs frend, the
Brhman-Rkshasa, named Yoge|s/|vara. He, accordng to hs prevous
promse,
when thought of, ready came to the mnster, and bowed before hm
and sad--"Why am I caed to mnd?" Then Yaugandharya|n.|a tod hm
the whoe ncdent of Kangasen whch was temptng hs master to vce,
and agan sad to hm--"I have managed to gan tme, my frend; n that
nterva, do you, remanng conceaed, observe by your sk the behavour of
Kangasen. For the Vdydharas and other sprts are wthout doubt
secrety n ove wth her, snce there s no other woman n the three words
equa to her n beauty. So, f she were to have an ntrgue wth some Sddha
or Vdydhara, and you were to see t, t woud be a fortunate thng.
And you must observe the dvne over, though he come dsgused, when he
s aseep, for dvne bengs, when aseep, assume ther own form. If n ths
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way we are abe to dscover any offence n her by means of your eyes, the
kng w be dsgusted wth her, and w accompsh that ob|ect of ours."
When the mnster sad ths to hm, the Brhman-Rakshasa |** mssng accent
n Rkshasa n the text here?| answered,
"Why shoud I not by some artfce cause her to fa or say her?" When
the great mnster Yaugandharya|n.|a heard that, he sad to hm--"Ths
must not be done, for t woud be a very wcked deed. And whoever goes
hs own way wthout offendng aganst the god of |ustce, fnds that
that god comes to hs assstance to enabe hm to attan hs ob|ects. So
you must dscover n her, my frend, a faut sef-caused, n order that
through your frendshp the kng's ob|ects may be accompshed by me."
Havng receved ths order from the exceent mnster, the Brhman-Rkshasa
departed, and dsgused by magc entered the house of Kangasen.
In the meanwhe Somaprabh, her frend, the daughter of the Asura
Maya, went agan nto the presence of Kangasen. And the daughter of
Maya, after askng her frend what had happened n the nght, sad to her
who had abandoned her reatons, n the hearng of that Rkshasa--"I
came here n the forenoon after searchng for you, but I remaned conceaed
at your sde, seeng Yaugandharya|n.|a. However I heard your conversaton,
and I understood the whoe state of affars. So why dd you make
ths attempt yesterday though you were forbdden to do so by me? For
any busness whch s undertaken, my frend, wthout frst counteractng
the ev omen, w end n caamty; as a proof of ths, hear the foowng
tae:"
Story of the Brhman's son Vsh|n.|udatta
and hs seven foosh companons.
Long ago there ved n Antarved
a Brhman named Vasudatta,
and he had a son born to hm named Vsh|n.|udatta. That Vsh|n.|udatta,
after he reached the age of sxteen years, set out for the cty of Vaabh
n order to acqure earnng. And there |oned hm seven other young
Brhmans hs feows, but those seven were foos, whe he was wse and
sprung from a good famy. After they had taken an oath not to desert
one another, Vsh|n.|udatta set out wth them at nght wthout the knowedge
of hs parents. And after he had set forth, he saw an ev omen presentng
tsef n front of hm, and he sad to those frends of hs who were
traveng wth hm,--"Ha! Here s a bad omen! t s advsabe to turn
back now; we w set out agan wth good hope of success, when we have
auspcous omens wth us." When those seven foosh companons heard
that, they sad, "Do not entertan groundess fear, for we are not afrad of
the omen. If you are afrad, do not go, but we w start ths moment;
to-morrow mornng our reatons w abandon us, when they hear of our
proceedngs." When those gnorant creatures sad that, Vsh|n.|udatta set
out wth them, urged on by hs oath, but he frst caed to mnd Har, the
-----Fe: 296.png---------------------------------------------------------
dspeer of sn. And at the end of the nght he saw another ev omen,
and agan mentoned t, and he was rebuked by a those foosh frends
of hs n the foowng words; "Ths s our ev omen, you coward afrad
to trave, that you have been brought by us, snce you shudder at a crow
at every step you take; we requre no other ev omen." Havng reved
hm n these words, they contnued ther |ourney and Vsh|n.|udatta went
wth them, as he coud not hep t, but kept sence, refectng--"One ought
not to gve advce to a foo bent on gong hs own crooked way, for t ony
entas rdcue, beng ke the beautfyng of ordure. A snge wse man
faen among many foos, ke a otus n the path of the waves, s surey
overwhemed. So I must not henceforth gve these men ether good or
bad advce, but I must go on n sence; destny w educe prosperty."
Engaged n these refectons, Vsh|n.|udatta proceeded on the way wth those
foos, and at the end of the day be reached a |'S|avara vage. There he
wandered about n the nght and reached a certan house nhabted by a
young woman, and asked the woman for a odgng there. She gave hm a
room, and he entered t wth hs frends, and those seven n a moment went
to seep. He aone remaned awake, as he had entered a house beongng
to a savage. For the stupd seep resoutey, how can the understandng
seep?
And n the meanwhe a certan young man secrety entered the nner
apartment of the house, and went nto the presence of that woman. And
she remaned n confdenta conversaton wth hm, and as fate woud have
t, they both fe aseep. And Vsh|n.|udatta, percevng t a through the
haf-open door by the ght of a cande, refected despondenty, "Aas!
have we entered the house of a profgate woman? Surey ths s her
paramour, and not the husband of her youth, for otherwse we shoud not
have ths tmd secret proceedng; I saw at the frst that she was of a
fghty dsposton; but we have entered here as mutua wtnesses, for ack
of others." Whe he was thnkng he heard outsde a nose of men, and
he saw enterng a young chef of the |'S|avaras wth a sword, ookng about
hm, whe hs attendants remaned n the seepng apartment. When the
chef sad--"Who are you?" Vsh|n.|udatta, supposng hm to be the master
of the house, sad n hs terror--"We are traveers." But the |'S|avara
entered, and seeng hs wfe n such a poston, he cut off wth hs sword
the head of her seepng paramour. But he dd not punsh or even wake
hs wfe; but pacng hs sword on the ground he went to seep on another
couch. Seeng that by the ght of the cande, Vsh|n.|udatta refected--"He
dd rght not to k hs wfe, but to k the aduterer; but that he shoud
seep here n confdence, after performng such a deed, s an act of surprsng
courage, characterstc of men of mghty mnds." Whe Vsh|n.|udatta
was thus refectng, that wcked woman awoke and behed her paramour
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san, and that husband of hers aseep. So she rose up, and took on her
shouder the body of her over, and carryng hs head n one hand, she went
out. And gong outsde qucky, she threw nto an ash-heap the trunk
wth the head, and came secrety back. And Vsh|n.|udatta gong out behed
t a from a dstance, and agan enterng remaned as he was, n the mdst
of hs seepng companons. But the wcked woman came back, and enterng
the room, cut off wth that very sword the head of her seepng husband.
And gong out she rased a cry so as to make a the servants hear,
"Aas! I am runed, my husband has been san by these traveers." Then
the servants, hearng the cry, rushed forward and behodng ther master
san, ran upon Vsh|n.|udatta and hs frends wth upfted weapons. And
when those others, hs companons, rose up n terror, as they were about to
be san, Vsh|n.|udatta sad qucky--"Cease your attempt to say Brhmans!
We dd not do ths deed; ths wcked woman hersef dd t, beng n ove
wth another man. But I saw the whoe affar from the very begnnng,
through a haf-open door; and I went out and observed what she dd, and f
you w have patence wth me, I w te you." Vsh|n.|udatta wth these
words restraned the |S/|avaras, and tod them the whoe affar from the
begnnng, and took them out and showed them the trunk wth the head freshy
severed and thrown by the woman on that heap of refuse. Then the woman
confessed the truth by the paeness of her face, and a there reved the
wanton, and sad--"Whom w not a wcked woman k, when won over by
another man, ke a sword n an enemy's hand, snce entced by ove she
commts reckess crme wthout beng taught." Havng sad ths, they
thereupon et Vsh|n.|udatta and hs companons go; and then the
seven companons prased Vsh|n.|udatta, sayng, "You became to us, whe we
were aseep at nght, a protectng |ewe-amp, through your kndness we
escaped to-day from death produced by an ev omen." In these words they
prased Vsh|n.|udatta, and ceased henceforth ther revng, and after bowng
before hm they set out n the mornng on ther errand, accompaned by
hm.
Havng tod ths story to Kangasen n ther mutua conversaton,
Somaprabh agan sad to that frend of hers n Kau|s/|mb.--"Thus, my
frend, an ev omen presentng tsef to peope engaged n any undertakng,
f not counteracted by deay and other methods, produces msfortune.
And so peope of du ntegence, negectng the advce of the wse, and
actng mpetuousy, are afcted n the end. Accordngy you dd not act
wsey n sendng a messenger to the kng of Vatsa, askng hm to receve
you, when there was an nauspcous omen. May Fate grant you to be
marred wthout any mpedment, but you came from your house n an unucky
moment, therefore your marrage s far off. And the gods too are n ove
wth you, so you must be on your guard aganst ths. And you must thnk
-----Fe: 298.png---------------------------------------------------------
of the mnster Yaugandharya|n.|a, who s expert n potc wes; he, fearng
that the kng may become engrossed n peasure, may throw mpedments
n your way n ths busness; or he may even brng a charge aganst
you after your marrage s ceebrated: but no, beng vrtuous, he w not
brng a fase accusaton; nevertheess, my frend, you must at a events be
on your guard aganst your rva wfe, I w te you a story ustratve of
ths, sten."
Story of Kadagarbh.
There s n ths and a cty
named Ikshumat, and by the sde
of t there runs a rver caed by the same name; both were created by
V|s/|vmtra. And near t there s a great forest, and n t a hermt of the
name of Manka|n.|aka had made hmsef a hermtage and performed penance
wth hs hees upwards. And whe he was performng austertes, he saw
an Apsaras of the name of Menak comng through the ar, wth her
cothes foatng on the breeze. Then hs mnd was bewdered by Cupd,
who had found hs opportunty, and there was born to hm a daughter
named Kadagarbh,|*| beautfu n every mb. And snce she was born n
the nteror of a pantan, her father, the hermt Manka|n.|aka, gave her the
name of Kadagarbh. She grew up n hs hermtage ke K|r.|p the wfe
of Dro|n.|a, who was born to Gautama on hs behodng Rambh. And once
on a tme Dr|d.|havarman, a kng born n Madhyade|s/|a,|*| who n the
exctement
of the chase was carred away by hs horse, entered that hermtage.
He behed Kadagarbh cothed n garments of bark, havng her beauty
exceedngy set off by the dress approprate to the daughter of an ascetc.
And she, when seen, captvated the heart of that kng so competey,
that she eft no room n t for the women of hs harem. Whe thnkng*
to hmsef--"Sha I be abe to obtan as a wfe ths daughter of some
hermt or other, as Dushyanta obtaned |S/|akunta the daughter of the
hermt Kanva?"--the kng behed that hermt Manka|n.|aka comng wth
fue and ku|s/|a-grass. And eavng hs horse, he approached hm and
worshpped
at hs feet, and when questoned, dscovered hmsef to that hermt.
Then the hermt gave the foowng order to Kadagarbh--"My dear
chd, prepare the arghya|*| for ths kng our guest." She sad--"I w do
so"--and bowng, prepared the hosptabe offerng, and then the kng sad
to the hermt--"Whence dd you obtan ths maden who s so beautfu?"--Then
the hermt tod the kng the story of her brth, and her name
* Here there s a sght omsson n my transaton.
* The country yng between the Hmayas on the north, the Vndhya
mountans
on the south, Vna|s/|ana on the west and Prayga (Aahabad) on the east.
* A respectfu offerng to gods or venerabe men of rce, drva-grass, fowers
&c.
wth water.
-----Fe: 299.png---------------------------------------------------------
Kadagarbh, whch ndcated the manner of t. Then the kng, consderng
the maden born from the hermt's thnkng on Menak to be an
Apsaras, earnesty craved her hand of her father. And the sage gave hm
that daughter named Kadagarbh, for the actons of the sages of od
tme, guded by dvne nsght, were wthout hestaton. And the nymphs
of heaven, dscoverng the fact by ther dvne power, came there out of
ove for Menak, and adorned her for the weddng. And on that very
occason they put mustard-seeds nto her hand and sad to her,--"As you
are gong aong the path, sow them, n order that you may know t agan.
If, daughter, at any tme your husband shoud scorn you, and you shoud
wsh to return here, then you w be abe, as you come aong, to recognse
the path by these, whch w have sprung up." When they had sad ths
to her, and her marrage had been ceebrated, the kng Drd|d.|havarman
paced Kadagarbh on hs horse, and departed thence. Hs army came
up and escorted hm, and n company wth that brde of hs, who sowed the
mustard-seeds a aong the path, he reached hs own paace. There he
became averse to the socety of hs other wves, and dwet wth that
Kadagarbh,
after teng her story to hs mnsters.
Then hs prncpa wfe, beng exceedngy affcted, sad to hs mnster
n secret, after remndng hm of the benefts she had conferred upon
hm: "The kng s now excusvey attached to hs new wfe and has deserted
me, so take steps to make ths rva of mne depart." When that
mnster heard that, he sad--"Oueen, t s not approprate for peope ke
me to destroy or bansh ther masters' wves. Ths s the busness of the
wves of wanderng regous mendcants, addcted to |uggery and such
practces, assocatng wth men ke themseves. For those hypocrtca
femae ascetcs, creepng unforbdden nto houses, sked n decepton, w
stck at no deed whatever." When he sad ths to her, the queen, as f
abashed, sad to hm n affected shame--"Then I w have nothng to do
wth ths proceedng dsapproved of by the vrtuous." But she ad up
hs speech n her heart, and dsmssng that mnster, she summoned by the
mouth of her mad a certan wanderng femae ascetc. And she tod her
a that desre of hers from the begnnng, and promsed to gve her great
weath f the busness were successfuy accompshed. And the wcked
femae ascetc, from desre of gan, sad to the affcted queen--"Oueen,
ths s an easy matter, I w accompsh t for you, for I know very many
expedents of varous knds." Havng thus consoed the queen, that femae
ascetc departed; and after reachng her house, she refected as one afrad,
"Aas! whom w not excessve desre of gan deude, snce I rashy made
such a promse before the queen? But the fact s, I know no devce of
the knd, and t s not possbe to carry on any decepton n the paace, as
I do n other paces, for the authortes mght perhaps fnd t out and
-----Fe: 300.png---------------------------------------------------------
punsh me. There may be one resource n ths dffcuty, for I have a
frend, a barber, and as he s sked n devces of the knd, a may yet go
we, f he exert hmsef n the matter." After thus refectng, she went to
the barber, and tod hm a her pan that was to brng her prosperty.
Then the barber, who was od and cunnng, refected--"Ths s good uck,
that an opportunty of makng somethng has now presented tsef to me.
So we must not k the kng's new wfe, but we must preserve her
ave, for her father has dvne nsght, and woud revea the whoe transacton.
But by separatng her from the kng we w now batten upon the
queen, for great peope become servants to a servant who shares ther
crmna secrets. And n due tme I w re-unte her to the kng, and te
hm the whoe story, n order that he and the sage's daughter may become
a source of subsstence to me. And thus I sha not have done anythng
very wrong, and I sha have a vehood for a ong tme." Havng thus
refected, the barber sad to the hypocrtca femae ascetc--"Mother,
I w do a ths, but t woud not be proper to say that new wfe of the
kng's by means of magc, for the kng mght some day fnd t out, and
then he woud destroy us a: besdes we shoud ncur the sn of woman-
murder,
and her father the sage woud curse us. Therefore t s far better
that she shoud be separated from the kng by means of our ngenuty, n
order that the queen may be happy, and we may obtan weath |punctuaton
mssng n scan| And ths
s an easy matter to me, for what can I not accompsh by force of nteect?
Hear my ngenuty, I w reate a story whch ustrates t."
Story of the Kng and the barbers wfe
Ths kng Dr|d.|havarman had
an mmora father. And I was then
hs servant, beng engaged n the dutes whch beong to me. He, one
day, as he was roamng about here, cast eyes on my wfe; and as she was
young and beautfu, hs mnd became attached to her. And when he asked
hs attendants who she was, they sad--"The barber's wfe." He
thought--"What can the barber do?" So the wcked kng entered my
house, and after en|oyng at w the socety of my wfe, departed. But,
as t happened, I was away from my house that day, beng absent somewhere
or other. And the next day, when I entered, I saw that my wfe's
manner had atered, and when I asked her the reason, she tod me the
whoe story, beng fu of prde at what had occurred. And n that way the
kng went on puffng up my wfe by contnua vsts, whch I was poweress
to prevent. A prnce dstracted by unhoy passon makes no dstncton
between what s awfu and what s ct. The forest s ke straw to a
syvan fre fanned by the wnd. So, not beng n possesson of any other
expedent for restranng my soveregn, I reduced mysef wth spare det,
and took refuge n fegned sckness. And n ths state I went nto the
presence of that kng to perform my dutes, sghng deepy, pae and
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emacated. Then the kng, seeng that I seemed to be , asked me meanngy
the foowng queston--"Hoa! te me why you have become thus?"|** s that
reay a cose-doube or two snges?!|
And after he had questoned me persstenty, I answered the kng n prvate,
after mporng mmunty from punshment--"Kng, my wfe s a
wtch. And when I am aseep she extracts my entras and sucks them,
and then repaces them as before--Ths s how I have become ean. So how
can contnua refreshment and eatng noursh me?" When I sad ths to the
kng, he became anxous and refected--"Can she reay be a wtch? Why
was I captvated by her? I wonder whether she w suck my entras aso,
snce I am we nourshed wth food. So I w mysef contrve to test her
ths very nght." Havng thus refected, the kng caused food to be gven
me on the spot. Then I went home and shed tears n the presence of my
wfe, and when she questoned me, I sad to her--"My beoved, you must
not revea to any one what I am about to te you. Lsten! That kng has
teeth as sharp as the edge of a thunderbot, where teeth are not usuay
found, and they broke my razor to-day whe I was performng my dutes.
And n ths way I sha break a razor every tme. So how am I to be contnuay
procurng fresh razors? Ths s why I weep, for the means of supportng
mysef n my home are destroyed." When I had sad ths to my
wfe, she made up her mnd to nvestgate the marve of the conceaed
teeth whe the kng was aseep, snce he was to vst her at nght. But
she dd not perceve that such a thng had never been seen snce the word
was, and coud not be true. Even cever women are deceved by the taes
of an mpostor.
So the kng came at nght and vsted my wfe at w, and as f fatgued,
pretended to go to seep, rememberng what I had sad. Then my
wfe, thnkng he was aseep, sowy stretched out her hand to fnd hs
conceaed
teeth. And as soon as her hand reached hm, the kng excamed--"A
wtch! A wtch!" and eft the house n terror. Henceforth my wfe,
havng been abandoned by the kng out of fear, became satsfed wth me
and devoted to me excusvey. In ths way I saved my wfe on a former
occason from the kng by my ntegence.
Havng tod ths story to the femae ascetc,the barber went on to say--"So,
my good ady, ths desre of yours must be accompshed by wsdom;
and I w te you, mother, how t s to be done, sten to me. Some od
servant of the harem must be won over to say to ths kng n secret every
day, 'Your wfe Kadagarbh s a wtch.' For she, beng a forest maden,
has no attendants of her own, and what w not a aen servants do for gan,
beng easy corrupted? Accordngy, when the kng becomes apprehensve
on hearng what the od servant says, you must contrve to pace at nght
hands and feet and other mbs n the chamber of Kadagarbh. Then
the kng w see them n the mornng, and concudng that what the od
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accord. So the queen w be deghted at gettng rd of a rva wfe, and
entertan a favourabe opnon of you, and we sha gan some advantage."
When the barber sad ths to the femae ascetc, she consented and went
and tod the whoe matter to the kng's head queen. And the queen
carred out her suggestons, and the kng, who had been warned, saw the
hands and feet n the mornng wth hs own eyes, and abandoned Kadagarbh,
thnkng her to be wcked. So the femae ascetc, together wth
the barber, en|oyed to the fu the presents whch the queen secrety gave
to her, beng peased wth her ad.
So Kadagarbh, beng abandoned by D|r.||d.|havarman, went out from
the paace, greved because the kng woud be cursed. And she returned
to the hermtage of her father by the same path by whch she came, whch
she was abe to recognse by the mustard-seeds she had sown, whch had
sprung up.* Her father, the hermt Manka|n.|aka, when he saw her suddeny
arrved there, remaned for some tme suspectng mmoraty on her part.
And then he perceved the whoe occurrence by the power of contempaton,
and after ovngy comfortng her, departed thence wth her. And he went
and tod the kng, who bowed before hm, the whoe treacherous drama, whch
the head queen had got up out of hatred for her rva. At that moment the
barber hmsef arrved, and reated the whoe occurrence to the kng, and
then proceeded to say ths to hm; " In ths way, my soveregn, I sent
away the ady Kadagarbh, and so devered her from the danger of the
ncantatons whch woud have been practsed aganst her, snce I satsfed
the head queen by an artfce." When the kng heard that, he saw that
the speech of the great hermt was certany true, and he took back
Kadagarbh,
recoverng hs confdence n her. And after respectfuy accompanyng
the departng hermt, he rewarded the barber wth weath,
thnkng that he was attached to hs person: kngs are the apponted
prey of rogues. Then the kng, beng averse to the socety of hs queen,
ved n great comfort wth Kadagarbh.
"Many fase accusatons of ths knd do rva wves brng, O Kangasen
of rreproachabe beauty. And you are a maden, the auspcous
moment of whose marrage s fxed at a dstant date, and even the gods,
whose gongs transcend our thought, are n ove wth you. So do you
yoursef preserve yoursef now, as the one |ewe of the word, dedcated
to the kng of Vatsa ony, from a assauts, for your own
* Cp. the 40th story n Grmm's Knder-und Hausm|:a|rchen, where the gr fnds
her way by the peas and entes whch had sprung up. See aso the 2nd story
n
Gonzenbach's Scansche M|:a|rchen, where the gr scatters bran. The author
of the
notes to Grmm's M|:a|rchen mentons a story from Hesse n whch the herone
scatters
ashes. See aso the 49th of the Scansche M|:a|rchen.
-----Fe: 303.png---------------------------------------------------------
exceence brngs you enmty. I ndeed, my frend, sha never return
to you, snce you are now estabshed n the paace of your husband: good
women do not vst the house of a frend's husband, O far one! besdes
I have been forbdden by my own ord. And t s not possbe for me to
come here secrety, nduced by my affecton for you, nasmuch as my
husband possesses dvne nsght and woud fnd t out; wth dffcuty n
truth dd I obtan hs permsson to come here to-day. And snce I can
be of no use to you now, my frend, I w return home, but f my husband
shoud gve me permsson, I w come here agan, dsregardng modesty."
Thus Somaprabh, the daughter of the Asura kng, spake weepng to
Kangasen, the daughter of the morta kng, whose face aso was washed
wth tears, and after embracng her, departed swfty to her own paace, as
the day was passng away.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
Then the prncess Kangasen, who had deserted her own country and
reatons, rememberng her dear frend Somaprabh who had eft her, and
fndng the great festva of her marrage wth the kng of Vatsa deayed,
remaned n Kau|'s|mb ke a doe that had strayed from the forest.
And the kng of Vatsa, feeng a tte btter aganst the astroogers,
who were so dexterous n deferrng the marrage of Kangasen, beng
despondent wth ove-ongng, went that day to dvert hs mnd, to the
prvate apartments of Vsavadatt. There the queen, who had been
tutored beforehand by the exceent mnster, et fa no sgn of anger, but
shewed especa seduty n honourng her husband wth her usua attentons.
And the kng, wonderng how t was that, even though she knew
the epsode of Kangasen, the queen was not angry, beng desrous of
knowng the cause, sad to her; "Do you know, queen, that a prncess
named Kangasen has come here to choose me for her husband?" The
moment she heard t, she answered, wthout changng the hue of her
countenance, "I know t; I am exceedngy deghted, for n her the
goddess of Fortune has come to our house; for by ganng her you w
aso get her father Kangadatta under your nfuence, and the earth w
be more competey n your power. Now I am deghted on account of
hs great power and your peasure, and ong ago dd I know ths crcumstance
wth regard to you. So am I not fortunate, snce I have such a
husband as you, whom prncesses fa n ove wth, that are themseves sought
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by other kngs?" When thus addressed by queen Vsavadatt, who had
been prevousy tutored by Yaugandharyana, the kng re|oced n hs heart.
And after en|oyng a drnkng-bout wth her, he sept that nght n her
apartments, and wakng up n the mornng he refected--"What, does the
magnanmous queen obey me so mpcty as even to acquesce n havng
Kangasen for a rva? But how coud ths same proud woman endure
her, snce t was owng to the speca favour of destny that she dd not
yed her breath, even when I marred Padmvat? So, f anythng were
to happen to her, t woud be utter run; upon her hang the ves of my
son, my brother-n-aw, my father-n-aw, and Padmvat, and the wefare of
the kngdom; what hgher trbute can I pay her? So how can I marry that
Kangasen?" Thus refectng the kng of Vatsa eft her chamber at the
cose of nght, and the next day went to the paace of queen Padmvat.
She too, havng been taught her esson by Vsavadatt, shewed hm attentons
after the very same fashon, and when questoned by hm, gave a
smar answer. The next day the kng, thnkng over the sentments and
speeches of the queens, whch were competey n unson, commended them
to Yaugandharya|n.|a. And the mnster Yaugandharya|n.|a, who knew how
to seze the rght moment, seeng that the kng was punged n doubt, spake
sowy to hm as foows--"I know we, the matter does not end where
you thnk, there s a terrbe resove here. For the queens spoke thus,
because they are steadfasty bent on surrenderng ther ves. Chaste
women, when ther beoved s attached to another, or has gone to heaven,
become careess about a en|oyments, and determned to de, though ther
ntentons are nscrutabe on account of the haughtness of ther character.
For matrons cannot endure the nterrupton of a deep affecton; and
n proof of ths hear now, O kng, ths story of |'S|rutasena."
The story of |'S|rutasena.
There ved ong ago n the
Dekhan, n a cty caed Gokarna,
a kng named |'S|rutasena, who was the ornament of hs race, and possessed
of
earnng. And ths kng, though hs prosperty was compete, had yet one
source of sorrow, that he had not as yet obtaned a wfe who was a sutabe
match for hm. And once on a tme the kng, whe broodng over that
sorrow, began to tak about t, and was thus addressed by a Brhman, named
Agn|'s|arman: "I have seen two wonders, O kng, I w descrbe them to
you: sten! Havng gone on a pgrmage to a the sacred bathng-paces,
I reached that Panchatrth, n whch fve Apsarases were reduced to the
condton of crocodes by the curse of a hoy sage, and were rescued from
t by Ar|una, who had come there whe gong round the hoy spots. There
I bathed n the bessed water, whch possesses the power of enabng those
men, who bathe n t and fast for fve nghts, to become foowers of Nryana.
And whe I was departng, I behed a cutvator n the mdde of a
-----Fe: 305.png---------------------------------------------------------
fed, who had furrowed the earth wth hs pough, sngng. That cutvator
was asked about the road by a certan wanderng hermt, who had come that
way, but dd not hear what be sad, beng whoy occuped wth hs song.
Then the hermt was angry wth that cutvator, and began to tak n a
dstracted manner; and the cutvator, stoppng hs song, sad to hm--Aas!
though you are a hermt, you w not earn even a fracton of
vrtue; even I, though a foo, have dscovered what s the hghest essence of
vrtue.' When he heard that, the hermt asked hm out of curosty--'What
have you dscovered?' And the cutvator answered hm--'St
here n the shade, and sten whe I te you a tae.'
Story of the three Brhman brothers.
In ths and there were three
Brhman brothers, Brahmadatta,
Somadatta, and V|'s|vadatta of hoy deeds. Of these the two edest possessed
wves, but the youngest was unmarred; he remaned as ther servant
wthout beng angry, obeyng ther orders aong wth me; for I was ther
poughman. And those eder brothers thought that he was soft, and devod
of nteect, good, not swervng from the rght path, smpe, and unenterprsng.
Then, once on a tme, the youngest brother V|'s|vadatta was socted
by hs two brothers' wves who fe n ove wth hm, but he re|ected
ther advances as f each of them had been hs mother. Then they both of
them went and sad fasey to ther own husbands, "Ths younger brother
of yours makes ove to us n secret." Ths speech made those two eder
brothers chersh anger aganst hm n ther hearts, for men bewdered by
the speeches of wcked women, do not know the dfference between truth
and fasehood. Then those brothers sad once on a tme to V|'s|vadatta--"Go
and eve that ant-h n the mdde of the fed!" He sad--"I
w"--and went and proceeded to dg up the ant-h wth hs spade,
though I sad to hm, "Do not do t, a venomous snake ves there."
Though be heard what I sad, he contnued to dg at the ant-h,
excamng--"Let
what w happen, happen," for he woud not dsobey the order
of hs two eder brothers, though they wshed hm . Then, whe he
was dggng t up, he got out of t a ptcher fed wth god, and not a venomous
snake, for vrtue s an auxary to the good. So he took that ptcher
and gave t a to hs eder brothers out of hs constant affecton for them,
though I tred to dssuade hm. But they sent assassns, hrng them wth
a porton of that god, and had hs hands and feet cut off, n ther desre
to seze hs weath. But he was free from anger, and n spte of that
treatment, dd not wax wroth wth hs brothers, and on account of that
vrtue of hs, hs hands and feet grew agan.
'After behodng that, I renounced from that tme a anger, but you,
though you are a hermt, have not even now renounced anger. The man
who s free from anger has ganed heaven, behod now a proof of ths.'
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After sayng ths, the husbandman eft hs body and ascended to heaven.
"Ths s one wonder whch I have seen, hear a second, O kng;"
After sayng ths to kng |'S|rutasena, the Brhman contnued, "Then,
as I was roamng about on the shore of the sea to vst sacred paces,
I reached the ream of kng Vasantasena. There, as I was about to enter
an amshouse where cooked food s dstrbuted by the kng, the Brhmans
sad to me,--'Brhman, advance not n that drecton, for there the
kng's daughter s present, she s caed Vdyuddyot, and f even a hermt
behods her, he s perced by the arrow of ove, and becomng dstracted
ceases to ve.' Then I answered them--'Ths s not wonderfu to me,
for I contnuay behod kng |'S|rutasena, who s a second god of
ove. When he eaves hs paace on an expedton, or for some other
purpose, women of good famy are removed by guards from any pace
whence they may possby see hm, for fear they shoud nfrnge chastty.'
When I sad ths, they knew I was a sub|ect of your Ma|esty's, and the
superntendent of the house of entertanment and the kng's chapan
took me nto the presence of the kng, that I mght share the feast. There
I saw that prncess Vdyuddyot, ookng ke the ncarnaton of the magc
art wth whch the god of ove bewders the word. After a ong tme
I mastered my confuson at behodng her, and refected--'If ths ady
were to become the wfe of our soveregn, he woud forget hs kngdom.
Nevertheess I must te ths tae to my master, otherwse there mght
take pace the ncdent of Devasena and Unmdn.'
The story of Devasena and Unmdn.
Once on a tme, n the ream of
kng Devasena, there was a merchant's
daughter, a maden that bewdered the word wth her beauty.
Her father tod the kng about her, but the kng dd not take her n
marrage, for the Brhmans, who wshed to prevent hs negectng hs
dutes, tod hm she had nauspcous marks. So she was marred to hs
prme mnster.|*| And once on a tme she showed hersef to the kng at a
wndow. And the kng, struck by her wth a posonous ook from a dstance,
as f she had been a femae snake,|*| fanted agan and agan, en|oyed no
peasure, and took no food. And the rghteous kng, though entreated
over and over agan to marry her by the mnsters, wth her husband at
ther head, refused to do so, and devoted to her, yeded up hs breath.
"Accordngy I have come to-day and tod you ths wonderfu tae,
thnkng that f a smar dstracton were to come upon you, I shoud be
guty of consprng aganst your fe."
* Ths s a reproducton of the story of Devasena and Unmdn n the 3rd
book.
* Compare the "death-dartng eye of cockatrce" n Romeo and |uet. See aso
Schmdt's Shakespeare Dctonary under the word "bassk."
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When kng |'S|rutasena heard from that Brhman ths speech, whch
was ke the command of the god of ove, he became ardenty attached to
Vdyuddyot, so he mmedatey sent off the Brhman and took steps to
have her brought qucky and marred her. Then the prncess Vdyuddyot
became nseparabe from the person of that kng, as the dayght from the
orb of the sun.
Then a maden of the name of M|t.|rdatt, the daughter of a very rch
merchant, ntoxcated wth the prde of her beauty, came to seect that
kng for her husband. Through fear of commttng unrghteousness,
the kng marred that merchant's daughter; then Vdyuddyot, comng to
hear of t, ded of a broken heart. And the kng came and behed that
deary oved wfe yng dead, and took her up n hs arms, and amentng,
ded on the spot. Thereupon M|t.|rdatt, the merchant's daughter, entered
the fre. And so the whoe kngdom pershed wth the kng.
"So you see, kng, that the breakng off of ong ove s dffcut to bear,
especay woud t be so to the proud queen Vsavadatt. Accordngy, f
you were to marry ths Kangasen, the queen Vsavadatt woud ndubtaby
qut her fe, and queen Padmvt woud do the same, for ther fe
s one. And then how woud your son Naravhanadatta ve? And, I
know, the kng's heart woud not be abe to bear any msfortune happenng
to hm. And so a ths happness woud persh n a moment, O kng.
But as for the dgnfed reserve, whch the queens dspayed n ther speeches,
that suffcenty shows that ther hearts are ndfferent to a thngs, beng
frmy resoved on sucde. So you must guard your own nterests, for
even anmas understand sef-protecton, much more wse men ke yoursef,
0 kng." The kng of Vatsa, when he heard ths at ength from the exceent
mnster Yaugandharyana, havng now become qute capabe of wse
dscrmnaton, sad--"It s so; there can be no doubt about t; a ths
fabrc of my happness woud be overthrown. So what s the use of my
marryng Kangasen? Accordngy the astroogers dd we n mentonng a
dstant hour as auspcous for the marrage: and there cannot after a be
much sn n abandonng one who had come to seect me as her husband."
When Yaugandharyana heard ths, he refected wth |oy, "Our busness has
amost turned out accordng to our wshes. W not that same great
pant of pocy, watered wth the streams of expedent, and nourshed wth
due tme and pace, truy brng forth frut?" Thus refectng, and medtatng
upon fttng tme and pace, the mnster Yaugandharyana went
to hs house, after takng a ceremonous farewe of the kng.
The kng too went to the queen Vsavadatt, who had assumed to
wecome hm a manner whch conceaed her rea feengs, and thus spoke to
her to consoe her: "Why do I speak? you know we, O gazee-eyed
-----Fe: 308.png---------------------------------------------------------
one, that your ove s my fe, even as the water s of the otus. Coud I
bear even to menton the name of another woman? But Kangasen came
to my house of her own mpetuous moton. And ths s we known, that
Rambh, who came to vst Ar|una of her own mpetuous w, havng been
re|ected by hm, as he was engaged n austertes, nfcted on hm a curse
whch
made hm a eunuch. That curse was endured by hm to the end, vng n
the house of the kng of Vr|t.|a n the garb of a eunuch, though he dspayed
mracuous vaour. So I dd not re|ect ths Kangasen when she
came, but I cannot brng mysef to do anythng wthout your wsh." Havng
comforted her n these words, and havng perceved by the fush of wne whch
rose to her cheek, as f t were her gowng passonate heart, that her crue
desgn was a reaty, the kng of Vatsa spent that nght wth the queen
Vsavadatt, deghted at the transcendent abty of hs prme mnster.
And n the meanwhe that Brhman-Rkshasa, named Yoge|'s|vara, who
was a frend of Yaugandharyana's, and whom he had commssoned
beforehand to watch day and nght the proceedngs of Kangasen, came
that very nght of hs own accord and sad to the prme mnster: "I
reman ever at Kangasen's house, ether wthout t or wthn t, and I have
never seen man or god come there. But to-day I suddeny heard an ndstnct
nose n the ar, at the commencement of the nght, as I was yng
hd near the roof of the paace. Then my magc scence was set n moton
to ascertan the cause of the sound, but prevaed not; so I pondered over
t, and came to ths concuson: 'Ths must certany be the voce of some
beng of dvne power, enamoured of Kangasen, who s roamng n the
sky. Snce my scence does not succeed, I must ook for some openng,
for cever peope who reman vgant, fnd tte dffcuty n dscoverng
hoes n ther opponents' armour. And I know that the prme mnster
sad--"Dvne bengs are n ove wth her"--moreover I overheard her
frend Somaprabh sayng the same. After arrvng at ths concuson
I came here to make my report to you. Ths I have to ask you
by the way, so te me so much I pray you. By my magc power I heard,
wthout beng seen, what you sad to the kng, 'Even anmas understand
sef-protecton.' Now te me, sagacous man, f there s any nstance of
ths."--When Yoge|'s|vara asked hm ths queston, Yaugandharyana answered.
"There s, my frend, and to prove t, I w te you ths tae.
Lsten!"
The tae of the chneumon, the ow, the cat, and the mouse.
Once on a tme there was a
arge banyan tree outsde the cty of
Vd|'s|. In that vast tree dwet four creatures, an chneumon, an ow, a
cat, and a mouse,|*| and ther habtatons were apart. The chneumon and
* Benfey found ths story n the Arabc Verson of the Panchatantra and n a
the transatons and reproductons of t. He fnds t aso n the Mahbhrata, XII
(III,
-----Fe: 309.png---------------------------------------------------------
the mouse dwet n separate hoes n the root, the cat n a great hoow n
the mdde of the tree: but the ow dwet n a bower of creepers on the
top of t, whch was naccessbe to the others. Among these the mouse
was the natura prey of a three, three out of the four of the cat. The
mouse, the chneumon, and the ow ranged for food durng the nght, the
two frst through fear of the cat ony, the ow party because t was hs
nature to do so. But the cat fearessy wandered nght and day through
the neghbourng barey-fed, n order to catch the mouse, whe the others
went there by steath at a sutabe tme out of desre for food. One day
a certan hunter of the Ch|n.||d.|a caste came there. He saw the track
of the cat enterng that fed, and havng set nooses a round the fed n
order to compass ts death, departed. So the cat came there at nght to
say the mouse, and enterng the fed was caught n one of the hunter's
nooses. The mouse, for hs part, came there secrety n search of food,
and seeng the cat caught n the noose, danced for |oy. Whe t was
enterng the fed, the ow and chneumon came from afar by the same
path, and seeng the cat fast n the noose, desred to capture the mouse.
And the mouse, behodng them afar off, was terrfed and refected--"If I
fy to the cat, whch the ow and the chneumon are afrad of, that enemy,
though fast n the noose, may say me wth one bow, but f I keep at a
dstance from the cat, the ow and the chneumon w be the death of me.
So beng compassed about wth enemes, where sha I go, what sha I do?
Ah! I w take refuge wth the cat here, for t s n troube, and may save
me to preserve ts own fe, as I sha be of use to gnaw through the
noose." Thus refectng the mouse sowy approached the cat, and sad to
t, "I am exceedngy greved at your beng caught, so I w gnaw
through your noose; the uprght come to ove even ther enemes by
dweng n ther neghbourhood. But I do not fee confdence n you, as
I do not know your ntentons." When the cat heard that, he sad
"Worthy mouse, be at rest, from ths day forth you are my frend as
gvng me fe." The moment he heard ths from the cat, he crept nto
hs bosom; when the ow and chneumon saw that, they went away hopeess.
Then the cat, gaed wth the noose, sad to the mouse, "My frend,
the nght s amost gone, so qucky gnaw through my bonds." The mouse
for ts part, watng for the arrva of the hunter, sowy nbbed the noose,
and protracted the busness, makng a contnua munchng wth ts teeth,
whch was a pretence. Soon the nght came to an end, and the hunter
came near; then the mouse, at the request of the cat, qucky gnawed
589) |'s|. 4930 and ff. He expresses hs opnon that t formed a porton of the
orgna
Panchatantra. See Benfey's Panchatantra, pp. 544-560, Orent und Occdent,
Vo.
I. p. 383. The account n the Mahbhrata s very prox.
-----Fe: 310.png---------------------------------------------------------
through the noose whch hed t. So the cat's noose was severed, and t
ran away, afrad of the hunter; and the mouse, devered from death, fed
nto ts hoe. But when caed agan by the cat, t reposed no confdence
n hm, but remarked, "The truth s, an enemy s occasonay made a
frend by crcumstances, but does not reman such for ever."
"Thus the mouse, though an anma, saved ts fe from many foes, much
more ought the same thng to take pace among men. You heard that
speech whch I uttered to the kng on that occason, to the effect that by
wsdom he shoud guard hs own nterests by preservng the fe of the
queen. And wsdom s n every exgency the best frend, not vaour,
Yoge|'s|vara; n ustraton of ths hear the foowng story."
The story of kng Prasena|t and the Brhman who ost hs treasure.
There s a cty named |'S|rvast,
and n t there ved n od tme a
kng of the name of Prasena|t, and one day a strange Brhman arrved n
that cty. A merchant, thnkng he was vrtuous, because he ved on rce
n the husk, provded hm a odgng there n the house of a Brhman.
There he was oaded by hm every day wth presents of unhusked rce and
other gfts, and graduay by other great merchants aso, who came to hear hs
story. In ths way the msery feow graduay accumuated a thousand
dnrs, and, gong to the forest, he dug a hoe and bured t n the ground,|*|
and
he went every day and examned the spot. Now one day he saw that the
hoe, n whch he had hdden hs god, had been re-opened, and that a the
god had gone. When he saw that hoe empty, hs sou was smtten, and
not ony was there a vod n hs heart, but the whoe unverse seemed to
hm to be vod aso. And then he came cryng to the Brhman, n whose
house he ved, and when questoned, he tod hm hs whoe story: and he
made up hs mnd to go to a hoy bathng-pace, and starve hmsef to
death. Then the merchant, who supped hm wth food, hearng of t,
came there wth others, and sad to hm, "Brhman, why do you ong to
de for the oss of your weath? Weath, ke an unseasonabe coud,
suddeny comes and goes." Though ped by hm wth these and smar
arguments, he woud not abandon hs fxed determnaton to commt sucde,
for weath s dearer to the mser than fe tsef. But when the Brhman
was gong to the hoy pace to commt sucde, the kng Prasena|t hmsef,
havng heard of t, came to hm and asked hm, "Brhman, do you know of
any mark by whch you can recognze the pace where you bured your dnrs?"
When the Brhman heard that, he sad: "There s a sma tree n the wood
there, I bured that weath at ts foot." When the kng heard that, he
sad, "I w fnd that weath and gve t back to you, or I w gve t you
from my own treasury, do not commt sucde, Brhman." After sayng
ths, and so dvertng the Brhman from hs ntenton of commttng sucde,
* For nhatya I con|ecture nkhanya.
-----Fe: 311.png---------------------------------------------------------
the kng entrusted hm to the care of the merchant, and retred to hs
paace. There he pretended to have a headache, and sendng out the
doorkeeper,
he summoned a the physcans n the cty by procamaton wth
beat of drum. And he took asde every snge one of them and questoned
hm prvatey n the foowng words: "What patents have you here, and
how many, and what medcne have you prescrbed for each?" And they
thereupon, one by one, answered a the kng's questons. Then one among
the physcans, when hs turn came to be questoned, sad ths, "The
merchant Mt|r.|datta has been out of sorts, O kng, and ths s the
second day, that I have prescrbed for hm ngaba.|*| When the kng
heard that, he sent for the merchant, and sad to hm--"Te me,
who fetched you the ngaba?" The merchant sad--"My servant,
your hghness." When the kng got ths answer from the merchant,
he qucky summoned the servant and sad to hm--"Gve up that treasure
beongng to a Brhman, consstng of a store of dnrs, whch you found
when you were dggng at the foot of a tree for ngaba." When the
kng sad ths to hm, the servant was frghtened and confessed mmedatey,
and brngng those dnrs eft them there. So the kng for hs part
summoned the Brhman and gave hm, who had been fastng n the
meanwhe,
hs dnrs, ost and found agan, ke a second sou externa to hs
body.
"Thus that kng by hs wsdom recovered for the Brhman hs weath,
whch had been taken away from the root of the tree, knowng that that smpe
grew n such spots. So true s t, that nteect aways obtans the supremacy,
trumphng over vaour, ndeed n such cases what coud courage accompsh?
Accordngy, Yoge|'s|vara, you ought to brng t to pass by your
wsdom, that some peccado be dscovered n Kangasen. And t s true
that the gods and Asuras are n ove wth her. Ths expans your hearng
at nght the sound of some beng n the ar. And f we coud ony obtan
some pretext, caamty woud fa upon her, not on us; the kng woud not
marry her, and yet we shoud not have deat unrghteousy wth her."
When the Brhman-Rkshasa Yoge|'s|vara heard a ths from the sagacous
Yaugandharyana, he was deghted and sad to hm--"Who except the
god V|r.|haspat can match thee n pocy? Ths counse of thne waters
wth ambrosa the tree of empre. I, even I, w nvestgate wth wsdom
and mght the proceedngs of Kangasen." Havng sad ths, Yoge|'s|vara
departed thence.
And at ths tme Kangasen, whe n her paace, was contnuay
affcted by behodng the kng of Vatsa roamng about n hs paace and
ts grounds. Thnkng on hm, she was nfamed wth ove, and though she
* The pant Urara Lagopododes (Moner Wams).
-----Fe: 312.png---------------------------------------------------------
wore a braceet and neckace of otus fbres, she never obtaned reef thereby,
nor from sanda-ontment, or other remedes.
In the meanwhe the kng of the Vdydharas, named Madanavega,
who had seen her before, remaned wounded by the arrow of ardent ove.
Though he had performed a vow to obtan her, and had been granted a
boon by |'S|va, st she was not easy to gan, because she was vng n the
and of another, and attached to another, so the Vdydhara prnce was
wanderng about at nght n the ar over her paace, n order to obtan an
opportunty. But, rememberng the order of |'S|va peased wth hs ascetcsm,
he assumed one nght by hs sk the form of the kng of Vatsa.
And n hs shape he entered her paace, sauted wth prases by the door-
keepers,
who sad--"Unabe to bear deay, the kng has come here wthout
the knowedge of hs mnsters." And Kangasen, on behodng hm, rose
up bewdered wth agtaton, though she was, so to speak, warned by her
ornaments whch |nged out the sounds--"Ths s not the man." Then
she by degrees ganed confdence n hm, and Madanavega, wearng the
form of the kng of Vatsa, made her hs wfe by the Gndharva rte. At
that moment Yoge|'s|vara entered, nvsbe by hs magc, and, behodng the
ncdent, was cast down, supposng that he saw the kng of Vatsa before
hm. He went and tod Yaugandharyana, who, on recevng hs report, saw
by hs sk that the kng was n the socety of Vsavadatt. So by the order
of the prme mnster he returned deghted, to observe the shape of that
secret paramour of Kangasen, when aseep. And so he went and behed
that Madanavega aseep n hs own form on the bed of the seepng
Kangasen, a heaveny beng, the dustess otus of whose foot was marked
wth the umbrea and the banner; and who had ost hs power of changng
hs form, because hs scence was suspended durng seep. Then Yoge|'s|vara,
fu of deght, went and tod what he had seen n a |oyfu mood to
Yaugandharyana. He sad--"One ke me knows nothng, you know
everythng by the eye of pocy; by your counse ths dffcut resut has
been attaned for your kng. What s the sky wthout the sun? What
s a tank wthout water? What s a ream wthout counse? What s
speech wthout truth?" When Yoge|'s|vara sad ths, Yaugandharyana
took eave of hm, much peased, and went n the mornng to vst the
kng of Vatsa. He approached hm wth the usua reverence, and n course
of conversaton sad to the kng, who asked hm what was to be done
about Kangasen--"She s unchaste, O kng, and does not deserve to
touch your hand. For she went of her own accord to vst Prasena|t.
When she saw that he was od, she was dsgusted, and came to vst you
out of desre for your beauty, and now she even en|oys at her peasure the
socety of another person." When the kng heard ths, he sad--"How
coud a ady of brth and rank do such a deed? Or who has power to
-----Fe: 313.png---------------------------------------------------------
enter my harem?" When the kng sad ths, the wse Yaugandharyana
answered hm, "I w prove t to you by ocuar testmony ths very nght,
my soveregn. For the dvne Sddhas and other bengs of the knd are n
ove wth her. What can a man do aganst them? And who here can
nterfere wth the movements of gods? So come and see t wth your own
eyes." When the mnster sad ths, the kng determned to go there wth
hm at nght.
Then Yaugandharyana came to the queen, and sad--"To-day, O queen,
I have carred out what I promsed, that the kng shoud marry no other
wfe except queen Padmvat, and thereupon he tod her the whoe story of
Kangasen. And the queen Vsavadatt congratuated hm, bowng ow
and sayng--"Ths s the frut whch I have reaped from foowng your
nstructons."
Then, at nght, when fok were aseep, the kng of Vatsa went wth
Yaugandharyana to the paace of Kangasen. And enterng unperceved,
he behed Madanavega n hs proper form, seepng by the sde of the
seepng Kangasen. And when the kng was mnded to say that audacous
one, the Vdydhara prnce was roused by hs own magc knowedge,
and when awake, he went out, and mmedatey few up nto the
heaven. And then Kangasen awoke mmedatey. And seeng the bed
empty, she sad, "How s ths, that the kng of Vatsa wakes up before me,
and departs, eavng me aseep?" When Yaugandharyana heard that, he
sad to the kng of Vatsa--"Lsten, she has been begued by that Vdydhara
wearng your form. He was found out by me by means of my magc
power, and now I have exhbted hm before your eyes, but you cannot k
hm on account of hs heaveny mght." After sayng ths, he and the
kng approached her, and Kangasen, for her part, seeng them, stood n
a respectfu atttude. But when she began to say to the kng--"Where, O
kng, dd you go ony a moment ago, so as to return wth your mnster?"--
Yaugandharyana
sad to her--"Kangasen, you have been marred
by some beng, who begued you by assumng the shape of the kng of
Vatsa, and not by ths ord of mne."
When Kangasen heard ths, she was bewdered, and as f perced
through the heart by an arrow, she sad to the kng of Vatsa wth tear-streamng
eyes,--"Have you forgotten me, O kng, after marryng me by
the Gndharva rte, as |'S|akunta ong ago was forgotten by Dushyanta?"|*|
When the kng was thus addressed by her, he sad wth downcast face, "In
truth you were not marred by me, for I never came here t ths moment."
* For smar nstances of forgettng n European stores, see Nos. 13, 14, 54, 55
n the Scansche Mrchen wth Kher's notes, and hs artce n Orent und
Occdent,
Vo. II, p. 103.
-----Fe: 314.png---------------------------------------------------------
When the kng of Vatsa had sad ths, the mnster sad to hm--"Come
aong"--and conducted hm at w to the paace.
When the kng had departed thence wth hs mnster, that ady
Kangasen, so|ournng n a foregn country, ke a doe that had strayed
from the herd, havng deserted her reatons, wth her face robbed of ts
pantng by kssng, as a otus s robbed of ts eaves by croppng, havng her
braded tresses dsordered, even as a bed of otuses tramped by an eephant
has ts custer of back bees dspersed; now that her madenhood was gone
for ever, not knowng what expedent to adopt or what course to pursue,
ooked up to heaven and spake as foows--"Whoever that was that assumed
the shape of the kng of Vatsa and marred me, et hm appear, for he s
the husband of my youth." When nvoked n these words, that kng of the
Vdydharas descended from heaven, of dvne shape, adorned wth neckace
and braceet. And when she asked hm who be was, he answered
her;--"I, far one, am a prnce of the Vdydharas, named Madanavega.
And ong ago I behed you n your father's house, and by performng penance
obtaned a boon from |'S|va, whch conferred on me the attanment of
you. So, as you were n ove wth the kng of Vatsa, I assumed hs form,
and qucky marred you by steath, before your contract wth hm had
been ceebrated." By the nectar of ths speech of hs, enterng her ears,
the otus of her heart was a tte revved. Then Madanavega comforted
that far one, and made her recover her composure, and bestowed on her a
heap of god, and when she had conceved n her heart affecton for her
exceent
husband, as beng we suted to her, he few up nto the
heaven to return agan. And Kangasen, after obtanng permsson
from Madanavega, consented to dwe patenty where she was, refectng
that the heaveny home, the abode of her husband, coud not be approached
by a morta, and that through passon she had eft her father's house.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
Then the kng of Vatsa, thnkng on the peeress beauty of Kangasen,
was one nght sezed wth ove, so he rose up and went sword n hand,
and entered her paace aone; and she wecomed hm and receved hm
potey. Then the kng asked her to become hs wfe, but she re|ected
hs addresses, sayng, "You shoud regard me as the wfe
of another." Whereupon he answered--"Snce you are unchaste as havng
resorted to three men, I sha not by approachng you ncur the gut of
adutery." When the kng sad ths to Kangasen, she answered hm,
-----Fe: 315.png---------------------------------------------------------
"I came to marry you, O kng, but I was marred by the Vdydhara
Madanavega at hs w, for he assumed your shape. And he s my ony
husband, so why am I unchaste? But such are the msfortunes even of ordnary
women who desert ther reatons, havng ther mnds bewdered wth
the ove of awess roamng, much more of prncesses? And ths s the frut
of my own foy n sendng a messenger to you, though I had been warned
not to do so by my frend, who had seen an ev omen. So f you touch
me by force, I w abandon fe, for what woman of good famy w
n|ure her husband? And to prove ths I w te you a tae--sten O
kng."
The story of kng Indradatta.
There ved n od tme n the
and of Ched a great kng caed
Indradatta, he founded for hs gory a great tempe at the hoy bathng-pace
of Ppa|'s|odhana, desrng the body of good reputaton, as he saw that
our morta body s pershabe. And the kng n the ardour of hs devoton
was contnuay gong to vst t, and a knds of peope were contnuay
comng there to bathe n the hoy water. Now, one day the kng
saw a merchant's wfe, whose husband was traveng n foregn parts, who
had come there to bathe n the hoy water; she was steeped n the nectar
of pure beauty, and adorned wth varous charms, ke a spendd movng
paace of the god of Love. She was embraced on both her feet by the
radance of the two quvers of the fve-arrowed god,|*| as f out of ove,
beevng that wth her he woud conquer the word.|*| The moment the
kng saw her, she captvated hs sou so entrey that, unabe to restran
hmsef, he found out her house and went there at nght. And when he
socted her, she sad to hm--"You are a protector of the hepess, you
ought not to touch another man's wfe. And f you ay voent hands
on me, you w commt a great sn; and I w de mmedatey, I w not
endure dsgrace." Though she sad ths to hm, the kng st endeavoured
to use force to her, whereupon her heart broke n a moment through fear
of osng her chastty. When the kng saw that, he was at once abashed,
and went back by the way that he came, and n a few days ded out of
remorse for that crme.
Havng tod ths tae, Kangasen bowed n tmd modesty, and
agan sad to the kng of Vatsa--"Therefore, kng, set not your heart
on wckedness that woud rob me of breath; snce I have come here,
aow me to dwe here; f not, I w depart to some other pace." Then
the kng of Vatsa, who knew what was rght, hearng ths from Kangasen,
after refectng, dessted from hs ntenton, and sad to her--"Prncess,
* . e. Kma the Hndu Cupd.
* Ths probaby means n pan Engsh that she wore gtterng ankets.
-----Fe: 316.png---------------------------------------------------------
dwe here at w wth ths husband of yours; I w not say anythng
to you, henceforth fear not." When the kng had sad ths, he returned
of hs own accord to hs house, and Madanavega, havng heard the
conversaton,
descended from heaven, and sad--"My beoved, you have done we,
f you had not acted thus, O fortunate one, good fortune woud not have
resuted, for I shoud not have toerated your conduct." When the Vdydhara
had sad ths, he comforted her, and passed the nght there, and
contnued gong to her house and returnng agan. And Kangasen,
havng a kng of the Vdydharas for her husband, remaned there, bessed
even n her morta state wth the en|oyment of heaveny peasures. As
for the kng of Vatsa, he ceased to thnk about her, and rememberng the
speech of hs mnster, he re|oced, consderng that he had saved hs queens
and kngdom and aso hs son. And the queen Vsavadatt and the mnster
Yaugandharyana were at ease, havng reaped the frut of the wshng-tree
of pocy.
Then, as days went on, Kangasen had the otus of her face a tte
pae, and was pregnant, havng ongng produced n her. Her ofty breasts,
wth extremtes a tte dark, appeared ke the treasure-vesses of Love,
marked wth hs sea of |oy. Then her husband Madanavega came to her
and sad, "Kangasen, we heaveny bengs are sub|ect to ths aw, that,
when a morta chd s conceved we must abandon t, and go afar. Dd not
Menak eave |'S|akunta n the hermtage of Kanva? And though you
were formery an Apsaras, you have now, goddess, become a morta by the
curse of |'S|va, nfcted on account of your dsobedence. Thus t has come
to pass that, though chaste, you have ncurred the reproach of unchastty;
so guard your offsprng, I w go to my own pace. And whenever you
thnk upon me, I w appear to you." Thus the prnce of the Vdydharas
spake to the weepng Kangasen, and consoed her, and gave her a heap
of vauabe |ewes, and departed wth hs mnd fxed on her, drawn away
by the aw. Kangasen, for her part, remaned there; supported by the
hope of offsprng as by a frend, protected by the shade of the kng of Vatsa's
arm.
In the meanwhe the husband of Ambk|*| gave the foowng order
to Rat, the wfe of the god of Love, who had performed penance n order
to get back her husband wth hs body restored: "That husband of thne
who was formery consumed, has been born n the paace of the kng of
Vatsa, under the name of Naravhanadatta, conceved n a morta womb on
account of dsrespect shewn to me. But because thou hast proptated me,
thou shat aso be born n the word of mortas, wthout beng conceved n a
morta womb; and then thou shat be reunted to thy husband, once more
possessng a body." Havng sad ths to Rat, |'S|va then gave ths com-*
* . e. |'S|va.
-----Fe: 317.png---------------------------------------------------------
*mand to the Creator:|*| "Kangasen sha gve brth to a son of dvne
orgn. By thy power of uson thou shat remove her son, and substtute
n hs pace ths very Rat, who sha abandon her heaveny body, and be
mouded by thee n the form of a morta maden." The Creator, n obedence
to the order of |'S|va,|*| went down to earth, and when the apponted
tme came, Kangasen gave brth to a son. The Creator abstracted, by
hs dvne power of uson, her son, the moment he was born, and substtuted
Rat, whom he had turned nto a gr, n hs pace, wthout the
change beng detected. And a present there saw that gr born, and she
seemed ke the streak of the new moon suddeny rsng n broad dayght,
for she umnated wth her spendour the yng-n chamber, and ecpsng
the ong row of fames of the |ewe-amps|*| robbed them of ustre, and made
them, as t were, abashed. Kangasen, when she saw that ncomparabe
daughter born, n her deght made greater re|ocng, than she woud have
made at the brth of a son.
Then the kng of Vatsa, wth hs queen and hs mnsters, heard that
such a ovey daughter had been born to Kangasen. And when the kng
heard of t, he suddeny, under the mpuson of the god |'S|va, sad to the
queen Vsavadatt, n the presence of Yaugandharyana; "I know, ths
Kangasen s a heaveny nymph, who has faen down to earth n consequence
of a curse, and ths daughter born to her w aso be heaveny,
and of wonderfu beauty. So ths gr, beng equa n beauty to my son
Naravhanadatta, ought to be hs head-queen." When the queen Vsavadatt
heard that, she sad to the kng--"Great kng, why do you suddeny
say ths now? What smarty can there possby be between ths son of
yours, of pure descent by both nes, and the daughter of Kangasen,
a gr whose mother s unchaste." When the kng heard that, he refected,
and sad, "Truy, I do not say ths of mysef, but some god seems to have
* Pra|pat.
* Lteray--pacng t upon hs head.
* The supersttous custom of ghtng fres, amps &c., to protect chdren
aganst
ev sprts s found n many countres. Lebrecht (Zur Vokskunde, p. 31,) refers
us to Brand's Popuar Antqutes, edted by Haztt, Vo. II, p. 144, for the
prevaence
of the practce n Engand. "Gregory mentons 'an ordnary superstton of the
od
wves who dare not trust a chd n a crade by tsef aone wthout a cande.'
Ths
he attrbutes to ther fear of the nght-hag;" (cp. Mton, P.L. II, 662--665). He
ctes authortes to prove that t exsts n Germany, Scotand, and Sweden. In
the
atter country, t s consdered dangerous to et the fre go out unt the chd s
baptzed,
for fear that the Tros may substtute a changeng n ts pace. The custom
exsts
aso n the Maay Pennsua, and among the T|ks n Bokhara. The Roman
custom
of ghtng a cande n the room of a yng-n woman, from whch the goddess
Candefera
derved her name (Tertuan Adv. naton, 2, 11) s to be accounted for n the
same way. See aso Weckenstedt, Wendsche Sagen, p. 446.
-----Fe: 318.png---------------------------------------------------------
entered nto me, and to be forcng me to speak. And I seem to hear a
voce utterng these words from heaven--'Ths daughter of Kangasen
s the apponted wfe of Naravhanadatta.' Moreover, that Kangasen
s a fathfu wfe, of good famy; and her reproach of unchastty has
arsen from the nfuence of her actons n a former brth." When the
kng had sad ths, the mnster Yaugandharyana spoke--"We hear, kng,
that when the god of Love was consumed, Rat performed ascetcsm.
And |'S|va granted to Rat, who wshed to recover her husband, the foowng
boon: 'Thou shat assume the condton of a morta, and be reunted
to thy husband, who has been born wth a body n the word of mortas.'
Now, your son has ong ago been decared by a heaveny voce to be an
ncarnaton of Kma, and Rat by the order of |'S|va has to become ncarnate
n morta form. And the mdwfe sad to me to-day--'I nspected prevousy
the fetus when contaned n the uterus, and then I saw one qute
dfferent from what has now appeared. Havng behed ths marve I have
come here to te you.' Ths s what that woman tod me, and now ths
nspraton has come to you. So I am persuaded that the gods have stoen
the rea chd of Kangasen and substtuted ths daughter not born n the
ordnary way, who s no other than Rat, ordaned beforehand to be the
wfe of your son, who s an ncarnaton of Kma, O kng. To ustrate
ths, hear the foowng story concernng a Yaksha."
Story of the Yaksha Vrpaksha.
The god of weath had for servant
a Yaksha, named Vrpksha,
who had been apponted chef guardan of acs of treasure.|*| And he
deegated a certan Yaksha to guard a treasure yng outsde the town of
Mathur, posted there ke an mmovabe par of marbe. And once on a
tme a certan Brhman, a votary of Pa|'s|upat, who made t hs busness
to exhume treasures, went there n search of hdden weath. Whe he
was examnng that pace, wth a cande made of human fat n hs hand,
the cande fe from hs grasp. By that sgn he knew that treasure was
conceaed there; and he attempted to dg t up wth the hep of some
other Brhmans hs frends. Then the Yaksha, who was tod off to guard
that treasure, behodng that, came and reated the whoe crcumstance to
Vrpksha. And Vrpksha n hs wrath gave the foowng command
to the Yaksha--"Go and say mmedatey those mean treasure-hunters."
Then the Yaksha went and sew by hs power those Brhmans, who were
dggng for treasure, before they had attaned ther ob|ect. Then the god
of weath came to hear of t, and beng angry he sad to Vrpksha,
* For treasures and ther guardans see Veckenstedt's Wendsche Sagen, pp.
356--374
and p. 394. For the cande of human fat see Benfey n Orent und Occdent, Vo.
I,
p. 383.
-----Fe: 319.png---------------------------------------------------------
"Why dd you, ev one, reckessy order the saughter of a Brhman?
What w not poor peope, who are struggng for a vehood,|*| do out of
desre for gan? But they must be prevented by beng terrfed wth
varous bug-bears, they must not be san." When the god of Weath had
sad ths, he cursed that Vrpksha as foows--"Be born as a morta on
account of your wcked conduct." Then that Vrpksha, smtten wth
the curse, was born on the earth as the son of a certan Brhman who ved
on a roya grant. Then the Yaksh|n.| hs wfe mpored the ord of weath,
"O god, send me whther my husband has gone; be mercfu to me, for I
cannot ve wthout hm." When the vrtuous ady addressed ths prayer
to hm, Va|'s|ravana sad--"Thou shat descend, wthout beng born, nto
the house of a femae save of that very Brhman, n whose house thy
husband s born. There thou shat be unted to that husband of thne,
and by thy power he sha surmount hs curse and return to my servce."
In accordance wth ths decree of Va|'s|ravana, that vrtuous wfe became a
morta maden, and fe at the door of that Brhman's femae save's house.
And the save suddeny saw that maden of marveous beauty, and took her
and exhbted her to her master the Brhman. And the Brhman re|oced,
and sad to the femae save--"Ths s wthout doubt some heaveny maden,
not born n the ordnary way; so my sou tes me. Brng here ths gr
who has entered your house, for, I thnk, she deserves to be my son's wfe."
Then n course of tme that gr and the son of the Brhman, havng grown
up, were smtten wth ardent recproca affecton at the sght of one
another. Then they were marred by the Brhman; and the coupe,
though they dd not remember ther prevous brths, fet as f a ong separaton
had been brought to an end. Then at ast the Yaksha ded, and as
hs wfe burnt hersef wth hs morta body, hs sns were wped away by
her sufferngs, and he reganed hs former rank.
"Thus, you see, heaveny bengs, on account of certan causes, descend
from heaven to the earth, by the appontment of fate, and, because they are
free from sn, they are not born n the usua way. What does ths gr's famy
matter to you? So ths daughter of Kangasen s, as I sad, the wfe
apponted for your son by destny." When Yaugandharya|n.|a had sad
ths to the kng of Vatsa and the queen Vsavadatt, they both consented
n ther hearts that t shoud be so. Then the prme mnster returned to
hs house, and the kng, n the company of hs wfe, spent the day happy,
n drnkng and other en|oyments.
Then, as tme went on, that daughter of Kangasen, who had ost her
recoecton of her former state through uson, graduay grew up, and
her dower of beauty grew wth her; and her mother and her attendants
gave her the name of Madanamanchuk, because she was the daughter of
* There s probaby a pun too on vart, the wck of a amp.
-----Fe: 320.png---------------------------------------------------------
Madanavega, sayng, "Surey the beauty of a other ovey women has
fed to her; ese how coud they have become ugy before her?" And the
queen Vsavadatt, hearng she was beautfu, one day had her brought
nto her presence out of curosty. Then the kng and Yaugandharya|n.|a
and hs feows behed her cngng to the face of her nurse, as the cande-fame
cngs to the wck. And there was no one present, who dd not
thnk that she was an ncarnaton of Rat, when they behed her matchess
body, whch was ke nectar to ther eyes. And then the queen Vsavadatt
brought there her son Naravhanadatta, who was a feast to the eyes of
the word. He behed, wth the otus of hs face expanded, the geamng
Madanamanchuk, as the bed of water-es behods the young spendour
of the sun. The gr gazed wth dated countenance upon that gaddener
of the eyes, and coud not gaze enough, as the femae partrdge can never
be sated wth gazng on the moon. Henceforth these two chdren coud
not reman apart even for a moment, beng, as t were, fastened together
wth the nooses of gances.
But, n course of tme, the kng of Vatsa came to the concuson that
that marrage was made n heaven,|*| and turned hs mnd to the soemnzaton
of the nuptas. When Kangasen heard that, she re|oced, and
fxed her affecton upon Naravhanadatta out of ove for her daughter's
future husband. And then the kng of Vatsa, after deberatng wth hs
mnsters, had made for hs son a separate paace ke hs own. Then that
kng, who coud dscern tmes and seasons, coected the necessary utenss,
and anonted hs son as crown-prnce, snce t was apparent that he
possessed a praseworthy quates. Frst there fe on hs head the water
of hs father's tears, and then the water of hoy bathng-paces, purfed
by Vadk spes of mcke mght. When the otus of hs face was washed
wth the water of nauguraton, wonderfu to say, the faces of the cardna
ponts became aso cear. When hs mothers threw on hm the fowers of
the auspcous garands, the heaven mmedatey shed a ran of many ceesta
wreaths. As f n emuaton of the thunder of the drums of the gods,
the echoes of the sound of the cymbas of re|ocng foated n the ar.
Every one there bowed before hm, as soon as he was naugurated as crown-
prnce;
then by that aone he was exated, wthout hs own power.
Then the kng of Vatsa summoned the good sons of the mnsters,
who were the payfeows of hs son, and apponted them to ther offces
as servants to the crown-prnce. He apponted to the offce of prme
mnster Marubht the son of Yaugandharya|n.|a, and then Har|'s|kha the
son of Ruma|n.|vat to the offce of commander-n-chef, and he apponted
Tapantaka the son of Vasantaka as the companon of hs ghter hours,
and Gomukha the son of Ityaka to the duty of chamberan and warder,
* Lteray "made by the gods."
-----Fe: 321.png---------------------------------------------------------
and to the offce of domestc chapans the two sons of Pngak, Va|'s|vnara
and |'S|ntsoma, the nephews o the kng's famy prest. When these
men had been apponted by the kng servants to hs son, there was heard
from heaven a voce preceded by a ran of fowers: "These mnsters sha
accompsh a thngs prosperousy for the prnce, and Gomukha sha be
hs nseparabe companon." When the heaveny voce had sad ths, the
deghted kng of Vatsa honoured them a wth cothes and ornaments;
and whe that kng was showerng weath upon hs dependents, none of
them coud cam the tte of poor on account of the accumuaton of rches.
And the cty was fed wth dancng grs and mnstres, who seemed to be
nvted by the rows of sken streamers fanned and agtated by the wnd.
Then Kangasen came to the feast of her future son-n-aw, ookng
ke the Fortune of the Vdydhara race whch was to attend hm, present
n body form. Then Vsavadatt and Padmvat and she danced, a three
of them, for |oy, ke the three powers|*| of a kng unted together. And
a the trees there seemed to dance, as ther creepers waved n the wnd, much
more dd the creatures possessng sense.
Then the crown-prnce Naravhanadatta, havng been naugurated n
hs offce, ascended an eephant of vctory, and went forth. And he was
sprnked by the cty wves wth ther upcast eyes, bue, whte and red,
resembng
offerngs of bue otuses, parched gran and water-es. And
after vstng the gods worshpped n that cty, beng prased by herads
and mnstres, he entered hs paace wth hs mnsters. Then Kangasen
gave hm, to begn wth, ceesta vands and drnks far exceedng what
hs own magnfcence coud suppy, and she presented to hm and hs
mnsters,
frends and servants, beautfu robes and heaveny ornaments, for she
was overpowered wth ove for her son-n-aw. So the day passed n hgh
festvty for a these, the kng of Vatsa and the others, charmng as the
taste of nectar.
Then the nght arrved, and Kangasen ponderng over her daughter's
marrage, caed to mnd her frend Somaprabh. No sooner had she caed
to mnd the daughter of the Asura Maya, than her husband, the much-knowng
Na|d.|akvara, thus addressed that nobe ady, hs wfe--"Dear one,
Kangasen
s now thnkng on thee wth ongng, therefore go and make a
heaveny garden for her daughter." Havng sad ths, and reveaed the
future and the past hstory of that maden, her husband dsmssed that nstant
hs wfe Somaprabh. And when she arrved, her frend Kangasen
threw her arms around her neck, havng mssed her so ong, and Somaprabh,
after askng after her heath, sad to her--"You have been marred
* . e. prabhutva, the ma|esty or pre-emnence of the kng hmsef: mantra, the
power of good counse; utsha energy.
-----Fe: 322.png---------------------------------------------------------
by a Vdydbara of great power, and your daughter s an ncarnaton of
Rat by the favour of |S'|va, and she has been brought nto the word as the
wfe, n a prevous state of exstence, of an ncarnaton of Love, that has
taken hs brth from the kng of Vatsa. He sha be emperor of the
Vdydharas for a kapa of the gods; and she sha be honoured above hs
other wves. But you have descended nto ths word, beng an Apsaras
degraded by the curse of Indra, and after you have brought your dutes to
competon, you sha obtan deverance from your curse. A ths was
tod me, my frend, by my wse husband, so you must not be anxous; you
w en|oy every prosperty. And I w now make here for your daughter
a heaveny garden, the ke of whch does not exst on earth, n heaven,
or n the nether regons." Havng sad ths, Somaprabh made a heaveny
garden by her magc power, and takng eave of the regretfu Kangasen,
she departed. Then, at the dawn of day, peope behed that garden, ookng
ke the garden of Nandana suddeny faen down from heaven to
earth. Then the kng of Vatsa heard of t, and came there wth hs wves
and hs mnsters, and Naravhanadatta wth hs companons. And they
behed that garden, the trees of whch bore both fowers and fruts a the
year round,|*| wth many |eweed pars, was, awns, and tanks; wth brds
of the coour of god, wth heaveny perfumed breezes, ke a second
Svarga descended to earth from the regon of the gods. The ord of
Vatsa, when he saw that wonderfu sght, asked Kangasen, who was
ntent on hosptaty, what t was. And she thus answered the kng n the
hearng of a: "There s a great Asura, Maya by name, an ncarnaton
of V|s'|vakarman, who made the assemby-ha of Yudhsthra, and the cty
of Indra: he has a daughter, Somaprabh by name, who s a frend of mne.
She came here at nght to vst me, and out of ove made ths heaveny
garden by her magc power, for the sake of my daughter." After sayng
ths, she tod a the past and future fortunes of her daughter, whch
Somaprabh had reveaed to her, ettng the kng know that she had heard
them from her frend. Then a there, percevng that the speech of Kangasen
taed wth what they prevousy knew, dsmssed ther doubts and
were exceedngy deghted. And the kng of Vatsa, wth hs wves and
hs son, spent that day n the garden, beng hosptaby entertaned by
Kangasen.
The next day, the kng went to vst a god n a tempe, and he saw
many women we-cothed and wth beautfu ornaments. And when he
asked them who they were, they sad to hm--"We are the scences, and
these are the accompshments; and we are come here on account of your
son: we sha now go and enter nto hm." Havng sad ths they dsappeared,
and the kng of Vatsa entered hs house astonshed. There he tod
* Cp. Odyssey, VII. 116; Spenser'a Faery Oueene, III, 6, 42.
-----Fe: 323.png---------------------------------------------------------
re|oced at that favour of the dety. Then Vsavadatt, by the drecton
of the kng, took up a yre as soon as Naravhanadatta entered the room.
And whe hs mother was payng, Naravhanadatta sad modesty to her,
"Ths yre s out of tune." Hs father sad, "Take t, and pay on t," whereupon
he payed upon the yre so as to astonsh even the Gandharvas. When
he was thus tested by hs father n a the scences and the accompshments,
he became endowed wth them a, and of hmsef knew a-knowedge. When
the kng of Vatsa behed hs son endowed wth a taents, he taught
Madanamanchuk,
the daughter of Kangasen, dancng. As fast as she became
perfect n accompshments,|* |the heart of the prnce Naravhanadatta was
dsturbed. So the sea s dsturbed, as fast as the orb of the moon rounds
off ts dgts. And he deghted n behodng her sngng and dancng,
accompshed n a the gestures of the body, so that she seemed to be rectng
the decrees of Love. As for her, f she dd not see for a moment that
nectar-ke over, the tears rose to her eyes, and she was ke a bed of whte
otuses, wet wth dew at the hour of dawn.|*| And Naravhanadatta, beng
unabe to ve wthout contnuay behodng her face, came to that garden
of hers. There he remaned, and Kangasen out of affecton dd a she
coud to pease hm, brngng her daughter to hm. And Gomukha, who
saw nto hs master's heart, and wshed to brng about hs ong stay there,
used to te varous taes to Kangasen. The kng was deghted by hs
frend's penetratng hs ntentons, for seeng nto one's ord's sou s the
surest way of wnnng hm. And Naravhanadatta hmsef perfected
Madanamanchuk
n dancng and other accompshments, gvng her essons
n a concert-ha that stood n the garden, and whe hs beoved danced,
he payed on a nstruments so as to put to the bush the most skfu
mnstres. And he conquered aso varous professors that came from a
quarters, and were skfu n managng eephants, horses, and charots, n the
use of hand-to-hand and msse weapons, n pantng and modeng.|*| In
these amusements passed durng chdhood the days of Naravhanadatta,
who was the chosen brdegroom of Scence.
Now, once on a tme the prnce, wth hs mnsters, and accompaned
by hs beoved, went on a pgrmage to a garden caed Ngavana. There
a certan merchant's wfe fe n ove wth Gomukha, and beng repused,
tred to k hm by offerng to hm a posoned drnk. But Gomukha came
to hear of t from the ps of her confdante, and dd not take that drnk,
but broke out nto the foowng denuncaton of women: "Aas! the
* The pun here es n the word ku, whch means "accompshment," and aso
a sxteenth of the moon's dameter.
* Ths otus s a frend of the moon's and bewas ts absence.
* Or perhaps books.
-----Fe: 324.png---------------------------------------------------------
nothng s too bad for them to do. Surey ths beng, they ca
woman, s created of nectar and poson, for, when she s attached to one, she
s nectar, and when estranged she s ndeed poson. Who can see through
a woman, wth ovng face secrety pannng crme? A wcked woman s
ke a otus-bed wth ts fowers expanded, and an agator conceaed n t.
But now and then there fas from heaven, urgng on a host of vrtues, a
good woman that brngs prase to her husband, ke the pure ght of the
sun. But another, of ev augury, attached to strangers, not free from
nordnate desres, wcked, bearng the poson of averson,|*| says her husband
ke a femae snake."
Story of |S'|atrughna and hs wcked wfe.
For nstance, n a certan vage
there was a certan man named
|S'|atrughna, and hs wfe was unchaste. He once saw n the evenng hs
wfe n the socety of her over, and he sew that over of hers, when he
was n the house, wth the sword. And he remaned at the door watng
for the nght, keepng hs wfe nsde, and at nght-fa a traveer came
there to ask for a odgng. He gave hm refuge, and artfuy carred away
wth hs hep the corpse of that aduterer at nght, and went wth t to the
forest. And there, whe he was throwng that corpse nto a we, the mouth
of whch was overgrown wth pants, hs wfe came behnd hm, and pushed
hm n aso.
"What reckess crme of ths knd w not a wcked wfe commt?"
In these words Gomukha, though st a boy, denounced the conduct of
women.
Then Naravhanadatta hmsef worshpped the snakes n that grove
of snakes,|*| and went back to hs paace wth hs retnue.
Whe he was there, he desred one day to prove hs mnsters, Gomukha
and the others, so he asked them, though he hmsef knew t we, for a
summary of the pocy of prnces. They consuted among themseves, and
sad--"You know a thngs, nevertheess we w te you ths, now that
you ask us," and so they proceeded to reate the cream of potca scence.
"A kng shoud frst tame and mount the horses of the senses, and
shoud conquer those nterna foes, ove, anger, avarce and deuson, and
shoud subdue hmsef as a preparaton for subdung other enemes, for how
can a man, who has not conquered hmsef, beng hepess, conquer others?
Then he shoud procure mnsters, who, among other good quates, possess
that of beng natves of hs own country, and a skfu famy prest, knowng
the Atharva Veda, gfted wth ascetcsm. He shoud test hs mnsters
* I read vrga-vshabh|r.|d.
* .e. Nagavana. For serpent-worshp see Tyor's Prmtve Cuture, Vo. II,
pp. 217-220.
-----Fe: 325.png---------------------------------------------------------
then he shoud appont them to approprate dutes, dscernng ther hearts.
He shoud try ther speech, when they are deberatng wth one another on
affars, to see f t s truthfu, or nspred by mace, spoken out of affecton,
or connected wth sefsh ob|ects. He shoud be peased wth truth, but
shoud punsh untruth as t deserves, and he shoud contnuay nqure nto
the conduct of each of them by means of spes. Thus he shoud ook at
busness wth unhooded eye, and by rootng up opponents,|*| and acqurng
a treasure, a force, and the other means of success, shoud estabsh hmsef
frmy on the throne. Then, equpped wth the three powers of courage,
kngy authorty, and counse, he shoud be eager to conquer the terrtory
of others, consderng the dfference between the power of hmsef and hs
foe. He shoud contnuay take counse wth advsers, who shoud be
trusty, earned and wse, and shoud correct wth hs own nteect the
pocy determned on by them, n a ts detas. Beng versed n the
means of success,|*| (concaton, brbery and the others,) he shoud attan for
hmsef securty, and he shoud then empoy the sx proper courses, of whch
aance and war are the chef.|*| Thus a kng acqures prosperty, and as
ong as he carefuy consders hs own ream and that of hs rva, he s
vctorous
but never vanqushed. But an gnorant monarch, bnd wth passon
and avarce, s pundered by wcked servants, who shew hm the wrong
path, and eadng hm astray, fng hm nto pts. On account of these
rogues a servant of another knd s never admtted nto the presence of the
kng, as a husbandman cannot get at a crop of rce encosed wth a pasade.
For he s ensaved by those fathess servants, who penetrate nto
hs secrets; and consequenty Fortune n dsgust fes from hm, because
he does not know the dfference between man and man. Therefore a kng
shoud conquer hmsef, shoud nfct due chastsement, and know the
dfference
of men's characters, for n ths way he w acqure hs sub|ects' ove
and become thereby a vesse of prosperty."
Story of kng |S'|urasena and hs mnsters.
In od tme a kng named |S'|urasena, who reed mpcty upon hs
servants, was ensaved and pundered by hs mnsters, who had formed a
coaton. Whoever was a fathfu servant to the kng, the mnsters woud
not gve even a straw to, though the kng wshed to bestow a reward upon
hm; but f any man was a fathfu servant to them, they themseves gave
* Lteray thorns.
* The upyas whch are usuay enumerated are four, vz. sowng dssenson,
negotaton,
brbery and open attack.
* The sx gu|n.|as--peace, war, march, hat, stratagem and recourse to the
protecton
of a mghter kng.
-----Fe: 326.png---------------------------------------------------------
though he was undeservng. When the kng saw that, he graduay came
to be aware of that coaton of rogues, and set those mnsters at varance
wth one another by a cever artfce. When they were estranged, and the
cque was broken up, and they began to nform aganst one another, the
kng rued the ream successfuy, wthout beng deceved by others.
Story of Harsnha.
And there was a kng named Harsnha, of ordnary power but
versed n the true scence of pocy, who had surrounded hmsef wth
devoted and wse mnsters, possessed forts, and stores of weath; he made
hs sub|ects devoted to hm and conducted hmsef n such a way that,
though attacked by an emperor, he was not defeated.
"Thus dscernment and refecton are the man thngs n governng a
kngdom; what s of more mportance?" Havng sad ths, each takng hs
part, Gomukha and hs feows ceased. Naravhanadatta, approvng that
speech of thers, though he knew that heroc acton s to be thought upon,|*|
st paced hs reance upon destny whose power surpasses a thought.
Then he rose up, and hs ardour beng knded by deay, he went
wth them to vst hs beoved Madanamanchuk; when he had reached
her paace and was seated on a throne, Kangasen, after performng
the usua courteses, sad wth astonshment to Gomukha,|*|
"Before the prnce Naravhanadatta arrved, Madanamanchuk, beng
mpatent, went up to the top of the paace to watch hm comng,
accompaned by me, and whe we were there, a man descended from,
heaven upon t, he was of dvne appearance, wore a tara, and a sword,
and sad to me 'I am a kng, a ord of the Vdydharas named
Mnasavega, and you are a heaveny nymph named Surabhdatt who by a
curse have faen down to earth, and ths your daughter s of heaveny orgn,
ths s known to me we. So gve me ths daughter of yours n marrage,
for the connexon s a sutabe one.' When he sad ths, I suddeny
burst out aughng, and sad to hm, 'Naravhanadatta has been apponted
her husband by the gods, and he s to be the emperor of a you Vdydharas.'
When I sad ths to hm, the Vdydhara few up nto the sky,
ke a sudden streak of ghtnng dazzng the eyes of my daughter."
When Gomukha heard that, he sad, " The Vdydharas found out that
the prnce was to be ther future ord, from a speech n the ar, by whch
the future brth of the prnce was made known to the kng n prvate, and
they mmedatey desred to do hm a mschef. What sef-wed one
woud desre a mghty ord as hs ruer and restraner? For whch reason
* I read abhyagt wth a MS. n the Sanskrt Coege.
* I read vsmt wth a MS. n the Sanskrt Coege.
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|S'|va has made arrangements to ensure the safety of ths prnce, by
commssonng
hs attendants to wat on hm n actua presence. I heard ths
speech of Nrada's beng reated by my father. So t comes to pass
that the Vdydharas are now hoste to us." When Kangasen heard
ths, she was terrfed at the thought of what had happened to hersef,
and sad, "Why does not the prnce marry Madanamanchuk now, before
she s deceved, ke me, by deuson?" When Gomukha and the others
heard ths from Kangasen, they sad, "Do you str up the kng of
Vatsa to ths busness." Then Naravhanadatta, wth hs heart fxed
on Madanamanchuk ony, amused hmsef by ookng at her n the garden
a that day, wth her face ke a fu-bown otus, wth her eyes ke
openng bue water-es, wth ps ovey as the bandhka, wth breasts
ke custers of mandras, wth body decate as the |s'|rsha, ke a matchess
arrow, composed of fve fowers, apponted by the god of ove for the
conquest of the word.
The next day Kangasen went n person, and preferred her petton
to the kng for the marrage of her daughter. The kng of Vatsa dsmssed
her, and summonng hs mnsters, sad to them n the presence of
the queen Vsavadatt, "Kangasen s mpatent for the marrage of her
daughter: so how are we to manage t, for the peope thnk that that exceent
woman s unchaste? And we must certany consder the peope: dd
not Rmabhadra ong ago desert queen St, though she was chaste, on
account of the sander of the muttude? Was not Amb, though carred
off wth great effort by Bhshma for the sake of hs brother, reuctanty
abandoned, because she had prevousy chosen another husband? In the
same way ths Kangasen, after spontaneousy choosng me, was marred by
Madanavega; for ths reason the peope bame her. Therefore et ths
Naravhanadatta hmsef marry by the Gndharva ceremony her daughter,
who w be a sutabe wfe for hm." When the kng of Vatsa sad ths,
Yaugandharyana answered, "My ord, how coud Kangasen consent to
ths mproprety? For I have often observed that she, as we as her
daughter, s a dvne beng, no ordnary woman, and ths was tod me by
my wse frend the Brhman-Rkshasa." Whe they were debatng wth
one another n ths stye, the voce of |S'|va was heard from heaven to the
foowng effect: "The god of ove, after havng been consumed by the
fre of my eye, has been created agan n the form of Naravhanadatta, and
havng been peased wth the ascetcsm of Rat I have created her as hs
wfe n the form of Madanamanchuk. And dweng wth her, as hs
head-wfe, he sha exercse supreme soveregnty over the Vdydharas for
a kapa of the gods, after conquerng hs enemes by my favour." After
sayng ths the voce ceased.
When he heard ths speech of the adorabe |S'|va, the kng of Vatsa,
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wth hs retnue, worshpped hm, and |oyfuy made up hs mnd to ceebrate
the marrage of hs son. Then the kng congratuated hs prme mnster,
who had before dscerned the truth, and summoned the astroogers, and
asked them what woud be a favourabe moment, and they, after beng
honoured wth presents, tod hm that a favourabe moment woud arrve
wthn a few days. Agan those astroogers sad to hm--"Your son w
have to endure some separaton for a short season from ths wfe o hs;
ths we know, O ord of Vatsa, by our own scentfc foresght." Then
the kng proceeded to make the requste preparatons for the marrage of
hs son, n a stye suted to hs own magnfcence, so that not ony hs own
cty, but the whoe earth was made to trembe wth the effort of t. Then,
the day of marrage havng arrved, Kangasen adorned her daughter, to
whom her father had sent hs own heaveny ornaments, and Somaprabh
came n obedence to her husband's order. Then Madanamanchuk, adorned
wth a heaveny marrage thread, ooked st more ovey; s not
the moon truy beautfu, when accompaned by Krtka? And
heaveny nymphs, by the order of |'S|va, sang auspcous strans n her
honour: they were ecpsed by her beauty and remaned hdden as f
ashamed, but the sound of ther songs was heard. They sang the foowng
hymn n honour of Gaur, bended wth the mnstresy of the matchess
muscans of heaven, so as to make unequaed harmony--"Vctory to
thee, O daughter of the mountan, that hast mercy on thy fathfu votares,
for thou hast thysef come to-day and bessed wth success the ascetcsm
of Rat." Then Naravhanadatta, respendent wth exceent marrage-thread,
entered the weddng-pavon fu of varous musca nstruments.
And the brde and brdegroom, after accompshng the auspcous ceremony
of marrage, wth ntent care, so that no rte was eft out, ascended the
atar-patform where a fre was burnng, as f ascendng the pure
fame of |ewes on the heads of kngs. If the moon and the sun were
to revove at the same tme round the mountan of god,|*| there woud be
an exact representaton n the word of the appearance of those two, the
brde and the brdegroom, when crcumambuatng the fre, keepng t on
ther rght. Not ony dd the drums of the gods n the ar drown the
cymba-cang n honour of the marrage festva, but the ran of fowers
sent down by the gods overwhemed the gt gran thrown by the women.
Then aso the generous Kangasen honoured her son-n-aw wth heaps of
god studded wth |ewes, so that the ord of Aak was consdered very
poor compared wth hm, and much more so a mserabe earthy monarchs.
* .e. mount Sumeru. The moon beng mascune n Sanskrt, the words "form
of the moon" are used n the orgna, to satsfy the requrements of cassca
Hndu
Rhetorc, accordng to whch femnne thngs cannot be compared to mascune.
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And then the brde and brdegroom, now that the deghtfu ceremony of
marrage was accompshed n accordance wth ther ong-chershed wshes,
entered the nner apartments crowded wth women, adorned wth pure and
varegated decoraton, even as they penetrated the heart of the peope fu
of pure and varous oyaty. Moreover, the cty of the kng of Vatsa was
qucky fed wth kngs, surrounded wth spendd armes, who, though
ther vaour was worthy of the word's admraton, had bent n submsson,
brngng n ther hands vauabe |ewes by way of presents, as f wth sub|ect
seas.|*| On that hgh day of festva, the kng dstrbuted god wth
such magnfcence to hs dependants, that the chdren n ther mothers'
wombs were at any rate the ony bengs n hs kngdom not made of god.|*|
Then on account of the troops of exceent mnstres and dancng grs,
that came from a quarters of the word, wth hymns, musc, dances and
songs on a sdes, the word seemed fu of harmony. And at that festva
the cty of Kau|'s|mb seemed tsef to be dancng, for the pennons agtated
by the wnd seemed ke twnng arms, and t was beautfed wth the
toettes of the cty matrons, as f wth ornaments. And thus waxng n
mrth every day, that great festva contnued for a ong tme, and a
frends, reatons and peope generay were deghted by t, and had ther
wshes marveousy fufed. And that crown-prnce Naravhanadatta,
accompaned by Madanamanchuk, en|oyed, though ntent on gory, the
ong-desred peasures of ths word.
* The sea s aways spoken of as fu of "nestmabe stones, unvaued |ewes."
There s a doube meanng throughout. Sadvhn, when apped to the sea,
may mean
"beautfu rvers."
* |tarp aso means "havng assumed a form," so that there s another pun
here. I read abhavan for abhavad, n accordance wth a MS. ent me from the
Sanskrt
Coege.
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|Bank Page|
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BOOK VII.
CHAPTER XXXV.
May the head of |'S|va, studded wth the nas of Gaur engaged n
payfuy pung hs har, and so appearng rch n many moons,|*| procure
you prosperty.
May the god of the eephant face,|*| who, stretchng forth hs trunk
wet wth streamng chor, curved at the extremty, seems to be bestowng
successes, protect you.
Thus the young son of the kng of Vatsa, havng marred n Kau|'s|mb
Madanamanehuk, whom he oved as hs fe, remaned vng as he
chose, wth hs mnsters Gomukha and others, havng obtaned hs wsh.
And once on a tme, when the feast of sprng had arrved, adorned
wth the gushng notes of ove-ntoxcated cuckoos, n whch the wnd
from the Maaya mountan set n moton by force the dance of the creepers,--
the
feast of sprng deghtfu wth the hum of bees, the prnce went to
the garden wth hs mnsters to amuse hmsef. After roamng about
there, hs frend Tapantaka suddeny came wth hs eyes expanded wth
deght, and steppng up to hm, sad--"Prnce, I have seen not far from
here a wonderfu maden, who has descended from heaven and s standng
under an a|'s|oka-tree, and that very maden, who umnes the regons
wth her beauty, advancng towards me wth her frends, sent me here to
summon you." When Naravhana heard that, beng eager to see her, he
went qucky wth hs mnsters to the foot of the tree. He behed there
that far one, wth her rong eyes ke bees, wth her ps red ke shoots,
beautfu wth breasts frm as custers, havng her body yeow wth the
* The cede under the c of candra shoud be erased n Dr. Brockhaus's text.
* Gane|'s|a, who bestows success or the reverse, and s nvoked n a
undertakngs.
I read karan dnmbhas.
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dust of fowers, removng fatgue by her oveness,|*| ke the goddess of
the garden appearng n a vsbe shape suted to her dety. And the
prnce approached the heaveny maden, who bowed before hm, and
wecomed
her, for hs eyes were ravshed wth her beauty. Then hs mnster
Gomukha, after a had sat down, asked her, "Who are you, auspcous
one, and for what reason have you come here?" When she heard that,
she ad asde her modesty n obedence to the rresstbe decree of Love,
and frequenty steang sdeong gances at the otus of Naravhanadatta's
face wth an eye that shed matchess affecton, she began thus at ength to
reate her own hstory.
Story of Ratnaprabh.
There s a mountan-chan caed Hmavat, famous n the three words;
t has many peaks, but one of ts peaks s the mount of |S'|va whch
s garanded wth the brghtness of gtterng |ewes, and fashes wth
geamng snow, and ke the expanse of the heaven, cannot be measured.
Its pateaux are the home of magc powers and of magc herbs, whch dspe
od age, death, and fear, and are to be obtaned by the favour of |S'|va.
Wth ts peaks yeow wth the brghtness of the bodes of many Vdydharas,
t transcends the gory of the peaks of Sumeru tsef, the mghty h
of the mmortas.
On t there s a goden cty caed Knchana|s'|rnga, whch geams refugent
wth brghtness, ke the paace of the Sun. It extends many
yo|anas, and n t there ves a kng of the Vdydharas named Hemaprabha,
who s a frm votary of the husband of Um. And though he has
many wves, he has ony one queen, whom he oves deary, named
Aankraprabha,
as dear to hm as Roh|n.| to the moon. Wth her the vrtuous kng
used to rse up n the mornng and bathe, and worshp duy |S'|va and hs
wfe Gaur, and then he woud descend to the word of men, and gve to
poor Brhmans every day a thousand god-peces mxed wth |ewes. And
then he returned from earth and attended to hs kngy dutes |usty, and
then he ate and drank, abdng by hs vow ke a hermt. Whe days
eapsed n ths way, meanchoy arose once n the bosom of the kng, caused
by hs chdessness, but suggested by a passng occason. And hs beoved
queen Aankraprabh, seeng that he was n very ow sprts, asked hm
the cause of hs sadness. Then the kng sad to her--"I have a prosperty,
but the one gref of chdessness affcts me, O queen. And ths meanchoy
has arsen n my breast on the occason of cang to mnd a tae,
whch I heard ong ago, of a vrtuous man who had no son." Then the
queen sad to hm, " Of what nature was that tae?" When asked ths
queston, the kng tod her the tae brefy n the foowng words:
* The word aso means "shade."
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Story of Sattva|s'|a and the two treasures.
In the town of Chtrak|t.|a there was a kng named Brhmanavara,
rghty named, for he was devoted to honourng Brhmans. He had a
vctorous servant named Sattva|s'|a who devoted hmsef excusvey to war,
and every month Sattva|s'|a receved a hundred god-peces from that kng.
But as he was munfcent, that god was not enough for hm, especay as
hs chdessness made the peasure of gvng the soe peasure to whch he
was addcted. Sattva|s'|a was contnuay refectng--"The Dsposer has
not gven me a son to gadden me, but he has gven me the vce of generosty,
and that too wthout weath. It s better to be produced n the word
as an od barren tree or a stone, than as a poor man atogether abandoned
to the vce of gvng away money. But once on a tme Sattva|s'|a, whe
wanderng n a garden, happened by uck to fnd a treasure: and wth the
hep of hs servants he qucky brought home that hoard, whch geamed
wth much god and gttered wth prceess stones. Out of that he provded
hmsef wth peasures, and gave weath to Brhmans, saves, and
frends, and thus the vrtuous man spent hs fe. Meanwhe hs reatons,
behodng ths, guessed the secret, and went to the kng's paace, and of
ther own accord nformed the kng that Sattva|s'|a had found a treasure.
Then Sattva|s'|a was summoned by the kng, and by order of the door-keeper
remaned standng for a moment n a oney part of the kng's courtyard.
There, as he was scratchng the earth wth the ht of a va|ra|* |that was n
hs hand, he found another arge treasure n a copper vesse. It appeared ke
hs own heart, dspayed openy for hm by Destny peased wth hs vrtue, n
order that he mght proptate the kng wth t. So he covered t up agan
wth earth as t was before, and when summoned by the door-keeper, entered
the kng's presence. When he had made hs bow there, the kng hmsef
sad, "I have come to earn that you have obtaned a treasure, so
surrender t to me." And Sattva|s'|a for hs part answered hm then and
there, "O kng, te me: sha I gve you the frst treasure I found, or
the one I found to-day." The kng sad to hm--"Gve the one recenty
found." And thereupon Sattva|s'|a went to a corner of the kng's courtyard,
and gave hm up the treasure. Then the kng, beng peased wth
the treasure, dsmssed Sattva|s'|a wth these words--"En|oy the frst-found
treasure as you pease." So Sattva|s'|a returned to hs house. There he
remaned ncreasng the proprety of hs name wth gfts and en|oyments,
and so managng to dspe somehow or other the meanchoy caused by the
affcton of chdessness.
"Such s the story of Sattva|s'|a, whch I heard ong ago, and because
I have recaed t to mnd, I reman sorrowfu through thnkng over the
* I have no dea what ths word va|ra means. It s transated by Bhtngk
and Roth--en we en Donnerke aussehendes Werkzeng.
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fact that I have no son." When the queen Aankraprabh was thus addressed
by her husband Hemaprabha, the kng of the Vdydharas, she
answered hm, "It s true: Fortune does assst the brave n ths way; dd
not Sattva|s'|a, when n dffcutes, obtan a second treasure? So you too
w obtan your desre by the power of your courage, as an exampe of the
truth of ths, hear the story of Vkramatunga."
Story of the brave kng Vkramatunga.
There s a cty caed P|t.|aputra, the ornament of the earth,
fed wth varous beautfu |ewes, the coours of whch are so dsposed as
to form a perfect scae of coour. In that cty there dwet ong ago a
brave kng, named Vkramatunga, who n gvng* |never turned hs back on
a suppant, nor n fghtng on an enemy. That kng one day entered the
forest to hunt, and saw there a Brhman offerng a sacrfce wth vva|*|
fruts. When he saw hm, he was desrous to queston hm, but avoded
gong near hm, and went off to a great dstance wth hs army n hs ardour
for the chase. For a ong tme he sported wth deer and ons, that rose up
and fe san by hs hand, as f wth foes, and then he returned and behed
the Brhman st ntent on hs sacrfce as before, and gong up to hm he
bowed before hm, and asked hm hs name and the advantage he hoped to
derve from offerng the vva fruts. Then the Brhman bessed the kng
and sad to hm, "I am a Brhman named Nga|s'|arman, and hear the frut
I hope from my sacrfce. When the god of Fre s peased wth ths vva
sacrfce, then vva fruts of god w come out of the fre-cavty. Then
the god of Fre w appear n body form and grant me a boon; and so I
have spent much tme n offerng vva fruts. But so tte s my mert
that even now the god of Fre s not proptated." When he sad ths, that
kng of resoute vaour answered hm--"Then gve me one vva frut that
I may offer t, and I w to-day, O Brhman, render the god of Fre proptous
to you." Then the Brhman sad to the kng, "How w you,
unchastened and mpure, proptate that god of Fre, who s not satsfed
wth me, who reman thus fathfu to my vow, and am chastened?" When
the Brhman sad ths to hm, the kng sad to hm agan, "Never mnd, gve
me a vva frut, and n a moment you sha behod a wonder." Then the
Brhman, fu of curosty, gave a vva frut to the kng, and he then and
there medtated wth sou of frm vaour--"If thou art not satsfed wth ths
vva frut, O god of Fre, then I w offer thee my own head," and thereupon
offered the frut. And the seven-rayed god appeared from the sacrfca
cavty, brngng the kng a goden vva frut as the frut of hs tree of vaour.
And the Fre-god, present n vsbe form, sad to that kng--"I am peased
* Possby there s a pun here: dna, gvng, aso means cuttng.
* The frut of the Be, we-known to Ango-Indans.
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wth thy courage, so receve a boon, O kng." When the magnanmous
kng heard that, he bowed before hm and sad--"Grant ths Brhman hs
wsh. What other boon do I requre?" On hearng ths speech of the
kng's, the Fre-god was much peased and sad to hm--"O kng, ths Brhman
sha become a great ord of weath, and thou aso by my favour
shat have the prosperty of thy treasury ever undmnshed." When the
Fre-god had, n these words, bestowed the boon, the Brhman asked hm
ths queston; "Thou hast appeared swfty to a kng that acts accordng
to hs own w, but not to me that am under vows: why s ths, O revered
one?" Then the Fre-god, the gver of boons, answered--"If I had not
granted hm an ntervew, ths kng of ferce courage woud have offered
hs head n sacrfce to me. In ths word successes qucky befa those of
ferce sprt, but they come sowy, O Brhman, to those of du sprt ke
thee." Thus spake the god of Fre, and vanshed, and the Brhman
Nga|s'|arman
took eave of the kng and n course of tme became very rch.
But the kng Vkramatunga, whose courage had been thus seen by hs
dependents, returned amd ther paudts to hs town of P|t.|aputra.
When the kng was dweng there, the warder |S'|atrun|aya entered
suddeny one day, and sad secrety to hm; "There s standng at the door,
0 kng, a Brhman ad, who says hs name s Datta|s'|arman, he wshes to
make a representaton to you n prvate." The kng gave the order to ntroduce
hm, and the ad was ntroduced, and after bessng the kng, he
bowed before hm, and sat down. And he made ths representaton--"Kng,
by a certan devce of powder I know how to make aways exceent god
out of copper. For that devce was shewn me by my sprtua teacher,
and I saw wth my own eyes that he made god by that devce." When
the ad sad ths, the kng ordered copper to be brought, and when t was
meted, the ad threw the powder upon t. But whe the powder was
beng thrown, an nvsbe Yaksha carred t off, and the kng aone saw hm,
havng proptated the god of Fre. And that copper dd not turn nto
god, as the powder dd not reach t; thrce dd the ad make the attempt
and thrce hs abour was n van. Then the kng, frst of brave men, took
the powder from the despondng ad, and hmsef threw t on the meted
copper; when he threw the powder, the Yaksha dd not ntercept t, but
went away smng. Accordngy the copper became god by contact wth
that powder. Then the boy, astonshed, asked the kng for an expanaton,
and the kng tod hm the ncdent of the Yaksha, |ust as he had seen t.
And havng earned n ths way the devce of the powder from that ad,
the kng made hm marry a wfe, and gave hm a he wshed, and havng
hs treasury prosperousy fed by means of the god produced by that
devce, he hmsef en|oyed great happness together wth hs wves, and made
Brhmans rch.
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"Thus you see that the Lord grants ther desres to men of ferce
courage, seemng to be ether terrfed or peased by them. And who,
O kng, s of more frm vaour or more generous than you? So |S'|va, when
proptated by you, w certany gve you a son; do not sorrow." The
kng Hemaprabha, when he heard ths nobe speech from the mouth of
queen Aankraprabh, beeved t and was peased. And he consdered
that hs own heart, radant wth cheerfuness, ndcated that he woud
certany obtan a son by proptatng |S'|va. The next day after ths,
he and hs wfe bathed and worshpped |S'|va, and he gave 90 mons of
god-peces to the Brhmans, and wthout takng food he went through
ascetc practces n front of |S'|va, determned that he woud ether eave the
body or proptate the god, and contnung n ascetcsm, he prased the
gver of boons, the husband of the daughter of the mountan,|*| that
ghty gave away the sea of mk to hs votary Upamanyu, sayng,
"Honour to thee, O husband of Gaur, who art the cause of the creaton,
preservaton, and destructon of the word, who dost assume the eght
speca forms of ether and the rest.|*| Honour to thee, who seepest on
the ever-expanded otus of the heart, that art |S'a|mbhu, the swan dweng
n the pure Mnasa ake.|*| Honour to thee, the exceedng marveous
Moon, of dvne brghtness, pure, of watery substance, to be behed by
those whose sns are put away; to thee whose beoved s haf thy body,|*|
and who nevertheess art supremey chaste. Honour to thee who ddst
create the word by a wsh, and art thysef the word."
When the kng had prased |S'|va n these words and fasted for three
nghts, the god appeared to hm n a dream, and spake as foows: "Rse
up, O kng, there sha be born to thee a heroc son that sha uphod thy
race. And thou shat aso obtan by the favour of Gaur, a gorous
daughter who s destned to be the queen of that treasure-house of gory,
Naravhanadatta, your future emperor." When |S'|va had sad ths, he
dsappeared, and Hemaprabha woke up, deghted, at the cose of nght.
And by teng hs dream he gaddened hs wfe Aankraprabh, who had
been tod the same by Gaur n a dream, and dwet on the agreement of
the two vsons. And then the kng rose up and bathed and worshpped
|S'|va, and after gvng gfts, broke hs fast, and kept hgh festva.
Then, after some days had passed, the queen Aankraprabh became
pregnant by that kng, and deghted her beoved by her face redoent of,
* Prvat or Durg, the wfe of |S'|va.
* The others are the Sun, Fre, Water, Earth, Ar, the Moon and the offcatng
Brhman. For the atter s sometmes substtuted pa|s'|upat or ord of anmas.
* Possby t aso means "the swan of the tempe of the mnd."
* An auson to the Arddhanrsa form of |S'|va.
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honey, wth wdy rong eyes, so that t resembed a pae otus wth bees
hoverng round t. Then she gave brth n due tme to a son, (whose nobe
neage was procamed by the eevated ongngs of her pregnancy,) as the
sky gves brth to the orb of day. As soon as he was born, the yng-n
chamber was umnated by hs mght, and so was made red as vermon.
And hs father gave to that nfant, that brought terror to the fames of
hs enemes, the name of Va|raprabha, that had been apponted for hm by
a dvne voce. Then the boy grew by degrees, beng fed wth
accompshments,
and causng the exutaton of hs famy, as the new moon fs
out wth dgts,|*| and causes the sea to rse.
Then, not ong after, the queen of that kng Hemaprabha agan
became pregnant. And when she was pregnant, she sat upon a goden
throne, and became truy the |ewe of the harem, addng speca ustre to
her settngs. And n a charot, n the shape of a beautfu otus, manufactured
by hep of magc scence, she roamed about n the sky, snce her
pregnant ongngs assumed that form. But when the due tme came, a
daughter was born to that queen, whose brth by the favour of Gaur was
a suffcent guarantee of her oveness. And ths voce was then heard
from heaven--"She sha be the wfe of Naravhanadatta"--whch agreed
wth the words of |'|Sva's reveaton. And the kng was |ust as much
deghted at her brth as he was at that of hs son, and gave her the name
of Ratnaprabh. And Ratnaprabh, adorned wth her own scence, grew
up n the house of her father, producng umnaton n a the quarters of
the sky. Then the kng made hs son Va|raprabha, who had begun to
wear armour, take a wfe, and apponted hm crown-prnce. And he devoved
on hm the burden of the kngdom and remaned at ease; but st one
anxety ngered n hs heart, anxety about the marrage of hs daughter.
One day the kng behed that daughter, who was ft to be gven away
n marrage, sttng near hm, and sad to the queen Aankraprabh, who
was n hs presence; "Observe, queen, a daughter s a great msery n the
three words, even though she s the ornament of her famy, a msery, aas!
even to the great. For ths Ratnaprabh, though modest, earned, young
and beautfu, affcts me because she has not obtaned a husband." The
queen sad to hm--"She was procamed by the gods as the destned wfe
of Naravhanadatta, our future emperor, why s she not gven to hm?"
When the queen sad ths to hm, the kng answered: "In truth the
maden s fortunate, that sha obtan hm for a brdegroom. For he s an
ncarnaton of Kma upon earth, but he has not as yet attaned hs dvne
nature: therefore I am now watng for hs attanment of superhuman
knowedge."|*| Whe he was thus speakng, Ratnaprabh, by means of those
* Ka = dgt of the moon and aso accompshment.
* The vdy of the Vdyaharas. I read pratkshyate.
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spe of the god of ove, became as f bewdered, as f possessed, as f
aseep, as f n a pcture, and her heart was captvated by that brdegroom.
Then wth dffcuty she took a respectfu eave of her parents, and went to
her own prvate apartments, and managed at ength to get to seep at the
end of the nght. Then the goddess Gaur, beng fu of pty for her, gave
her ths command n a dream; "To-morrow, my daughter, s an auspcous
day; so thou must go to the cty of Kau|s'|mb and see thy future husband,
and thence thy father, O auspcous one, w hmsef brng thee and hm
nto ths hs cty, and ceebrate your marrage." So n the mornng, when
she woke up, she tod that dream to her mother. Then her mother gave
her eave to go, and she, knowng by her superhuman knowedge that her
brdegroom was n the garden, set out from her own cty to vst hm.
"Thou knowest, O my husband, that I am that Ratnaprabh, arrved
to-day n a moment, fu of mpatence, and you a know the seque."
When he heard ths speech of hers, that n sweetness exceeded nectar, and
behed the body of the Vdydhar that was ambrosa to the eyes,
Naravhanadatta
n hs heart bamed the Creator, sayng to hmsef--"Why dd
he not make me a eye and ear?" And he sad to her--"Fortunate am I;
my brth and fe has obtaned ts frut, n that I, O beautfu one, have
been thus vsted by thee out of affecton!" When they had thus exchanged
the protestatons of new ove, suddeny the army of the Vdydharas was
behed there n the heaven. Ratnaprabh sad mmedatey, "Here s my
father come," and the kng Hemaprabha descended from heaven wth hs
son. And wth hs son Va|raprabha he approached that Naravhanadatta,
who gave hm a courteous wecome. And whe they stood for a moment
payng one another the customary compments, the kng of Vatsa, who
had heard of t, came wth hs mnsters. And then that Hemaprabha
tod the kng, after he had performed towards hm the rtes of hosptaty,
the whoe story exacty as t had been reated by Ratnaprabh, and sad,
"I knew by the power of my supernatura knowedge that my daughter
had come here, and I am aware of a that has happened n ths pace.*
* * * * *
For he w afterwards possess such an mpera charot. Pray consent, and
then thou shat behod n a short tme thy son, the prnce, returned here,
unted to hs wfe Ratnaprabh." After he had addressed ths prayer to the
kng of Vatsa, and he had consented to hs wsh, that Hemaprabha, wth
hs son, prepared that charot by hs own magc sk, and made
Naravhanadatta
ascend t, together wth Ratnaprabh, whose face was cast down from
modesty, foowed by Gomukha and the others, and Yaugandharyana, who
* Here Professor Brockhaus supposes a hatus.
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was aso deputed to accompany hm by hs father, and thus Hemaprabha
took hm to hs own capta, Knchana|'s|rngaka.
And Naravhanadatta, when he reached that cty of hs father-n-aw,
saw that t was a of god, geamng wth goden ramparts, embraced, as t
were, on a sdes wth rays ssung out ke shoots, and so stretchng forth
nnumerabe arms n eagerness of ove for that son-n-aw. There the kng
Hemaprabha, of hgh emprse, gave Ratnaprabh wth due ceremones to
hm, as the sea gave Lakshm to Vshnu. And he gave hm gtterng
heaps of |ewes, geamng ke nnumerabe weddng fres ghted.|*| And n
the cty of that festve prnce, who was showerng weath, even the houses,
beng draped wth fags, appeared as f they had receved changes of rament.
And Naravhanadatta, havng performed the auspcous ceremony of marrage,
remaned there en|oyng heaveny peasures wth Ratnaprabh. And he
amused hmsef by ookng n her company at beautfu tempes of the gods
n gardens and akes, havng ascended wth her the heaven by the mght of
her scence.
So, after he had ved some days wth hs wfe n the cty of the kng
of the Vdydharas, the son of the kng of Vatsa determned, n accordance
wth the advce of Yaugandharyana, to return to hs own cty. Then hs
mother-n-aw performed for hm the auspcous ceremones prevous to
startng, and hs father-n-aw agan honoured hm and hs mnster, and
then he set out wth Hemaprabha and hs son, accompaned by hs beoved,
havng agan ascended that charot. He soon arrved, ke a stream of
nectar to the eyes of hs mother, and entered hs cty wth Hemaprabha
and hs son and hs own foowers, brngng wth hm hs wfe, who made
the kng of Vatsa re|oce exceedngy wth deght at behodng her. The
kng of Vatsa of exated fortune, wth Vasavadatt, wecomed that son,
who bowed at hs feet wth hs wfe, and honoured Hemaprabha hs new
connexon, as we as hs son, n a manner conformabe to hs own dgnty.
Then, after that kng of the Vdydharas, Hemaprabha, had taken eave
of the ord of Vatsa and hs famy, and had fown up nto the heaven and
gone to hs own cty, that Naravhanadatta, together wth Ratnaprabh
and Madanamanchuk, spent that day n happness surrounded by hs
frends.
* Cp. ths wth the "|ewe-amps" on pp. 189 and 305, and the umnous
carbunce
n Gesta Romanorum, CVII. Sr Thomas Browne, n hs Vugar Errors,
Book II, chapter 5, says, "Whether a carbunce doth fame n the dark, or shne
ke
a coa n the nght, though generay agreed on by common beevers, s very
much
questoned by many."
-----Fe: 340.png---------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER XXXVI.
When that Naravhanadatta had thus obtaned a new and ovey brde
of the Vdydhara race, and was the next day wth her n her house, there
came n the mornng to the door, to vst hm, hs mnsters Gomukha and
others. They were stopped for a moment at the door by the femae
warder, and announced wthn; then they entered and were courteousy
receved,
and Ratnaprabh sad to the warder, "The door must not agan be
cosed aganst the entrance of my husband's frends, for they are as dear to me
as my own body. And I do not thnk that ths s the way to guard femae
apartments." After she had addressed the femae warder n these words,
she sad n turn to her husband, "My husband, I am gong to say somethng
whch occurs to me, so sten. I consder that the strct secuson of
women s a mere soca custom, or rather foy produced by |eaousy. It s
of no use whatever. Women of good famy are guarded by ther own
vrtue, as ther ony chamberan. But even God hmsef can scarcey
guard the unchaste. Who can restran a furous rver and a passonate
woman? And now sten, I w te you a story."
Story of kng Ratndhpat and the whte eephant |S'|vetara|s'|m.
There s here a great sand n the mdst of the sea, named Ratnakta.
In t there ved n od tmes a kng of great courage, a devoted
worshpper of Vshnu, rghty named Ratndhpat.|*| That kng, n order
to obtan the conquest of the earth, and a kngs' daughters as hs wves,
went through a severe penance, to proptate Vshnu. The adorabe one,
peased wth hs penance, appeared n body form, and thus commanded
hm--"Rse up, kng, I am peased wth thee, so I te thee ths--sten!
There s n the and of Kanga a Gandharva, who has become a whte
eephant by the curse of a hermt, and s known by the name of
|S'|vetara|s'|m.
On account of the ascetcsm he performed n a former fe, and on
account of hs devoton to me, that eephant s supernaturay wse, and
possesses the power of fyng through the sky, and of rememberng hs
former brth. And I have gven an order to that great eephant, n
accordance wth whch he w come of hmsef through the ar, and become
thy beast of burden. That whte eephant thou must mount, as the
weder of the thunderbot mounts the eephant of the gods,|*| and whatever
kng thou shat trave through the ar to vst, n fear sha bestow on thee,
who art of god-ke presence, trbute n the form of a daughter, for I w
* .e. supreme ord of |ewes.
* .e. as Indra mounts Arvata.
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mysef command hm to do so n a dream. Thus thou shat conquer the
whoe earth, and a zenanas, and thou shat obtan eghty thousand
prncesses." When Vsh|n.|u had sad ths, he dsappeared, and the kng
broke hs fast, and the next day he behed that eephant, whch had come
to hm through the ar. And when the eephant had thus paced hmsef
at the kng's dsposa, he mounted hm, as he had been bdden to do by
Vsh|n.|u, and n ths manner he conquered the earth, and carred off the
daughters
of kngs. And then the kng dwet there n Ratnak|t.|a wth those
wves, eghty thousand n number, amusng hmsef as he peased. And n
order to proptate |'S|vetara|'s|m, that ceesta eephant, he fed every day
fve
hundred Brhmans.
Now once on a tme the kng Ratndhpat mounted that eephant,
and, after roamng through the other sands, returned to hs own sand.
And as he was descendng from the sky, t came to pass that a brd of the
race of Garu|d.|a struck that exceent eephant wth hs beak. And the brd
fed, when the kng struck hm wth the sharp eephant-hook, but the eephant
fe on the ground stunned by the bow of the brd's beak. The
kng got off hs back, but the eephant, though he recovered hs senses,
was not abe to rse up n spte of the efforts made to rase hm,and ceased
eatng.
For fve days the eephant remaned n the same pace, where t had
faen, and the kng was greved and took no food, and prayed as foows:
"Oh guardans of the word, teach me some remedy n ths dffcuty;
otherwse I w cut off my own head and offer t to you." When he had sad
ths, he drew hs sword and was preparng to cut off hs head, when
mmedatey
a bodess voce thus addressed hm from the sky--"O kng do
nothng rash; f some chaste woman touches ths eephant wth her hand, t
w rse up, but not otherwse." When the kng heard that, he was gad,
and summoned hs own carefuy guarded chef queen, Am|r.|taat. When
the eephant dd not rse up, though she touched t wth her hand, the
kng had a hs other wves summoned. But though they a touched the
eephant n successon, he dd not rse up; the fact was, not one among
them was chaste. Then the kng, havng behed a those eghty thousand
wves openy humated n the presence of men, beng hmsef abashed,
summoned a the women of hs capta, and made them touch the eephant
one after another. And when n spte of t the eephant dd not
rse up, the kng was ashamed, because there was not a snge chaste
woman n hs cty.
And n the meanwhe a merchant named Harshagupta, who had
arrved from Tmrapt,|*| havng heard of that event, came there fu of
* The modern Tamuk. The dstrct probaby comprsed the sma but ferte
tract of country yng to the westward of the Hgh rver, from Bardwn and
Kana
-----Fe: 342.png---------------------------------------------------------
curosty. And n hs tran there came a servant of the name of |S'|avat,
who was devoted to her husband; when she saw what had taken pace, she
sad to hm--"I w touch ths eephant wth my hand: and f I have not
even thought n my mnd of any other man than my husband, may t rse
up." No sooner had she sad ths, than she came up and touched the
eephant wth her hand, whereupon t rose up n sound heath and began
to eat.|*| But when the peope saw the eephant |S'|vetarasm rse up, they
rased a shout and prased |S'|avat, sayng--"Such are these chaste women,
few and far between, who, ke |S'|va, are abe to create, preserve and destroy
ths word." The kng Ratndhpat aso was peased, and congratuated
the chaste |S'|avat, and oaded her wth nnumerabe |ewes, and he aso
honoured her master, the merchant Harshagupta, and gave hm a house
near hs own paace. And he determned to avod a communcaton
wth hs own wves, and ordered that henceforth they shoud have nothng
but food and rament.
Then the kng, after he had taken hs food, sent for the chaste |S'|avat,
and sad to her at a prvate ntervew n the presence of Harshagupta,
"|S'|avat, f you have any maden of your father's famy, gve her to me,
for I know she w certany be ke you." When the kng sad ths to
her, |S'|avat answered--"I have a sster n Tmrapt named R|adatt;
marry her, O kng, f you wsh, for she s of dstngushed beauty." When
she sad ths to the kng, he consented and sad, "So be t," and havng
determned on takng ths step, he mounted, wth |S'|avat and Harshagupta,
the eephant S'vetarasm, that coud fy though the ar, and gong n person
to Tmrapt, entered the house of that merchant Harshagupta. There he
asked the astroogers that very day, what woud be a favourabe tme
for hm to be marred to R|adatt, the sster of |S'|avat. And the
astroogers, havng enqured under what stars both of them were born,
sad, "A favourabe con|uncture w come for you, O kng, n three
months from ths tme. But f you marry R|adatt n the present
poston of the consteatons, she w wthout fa prove unchaste."
Though the astroogers gave hm ths response, the kng, beng eager for
a charmng wfe, and mpatent of dweng ong aone, thus refected--
Away wth scrupes! I w marry R|adatt here ths very day. For
she s the sster of the bameess |S'|avat and w never prove unchaste.
And I w pace her n that unnhabted sand n the mdde of the
sea, where there s one empty paace, and n that naccessbe spot I w
on the north, to the banks of the Kosa rver on the south. (Cunnngham's
Ancent
Geography of Inda, p. 504.)
* In the 115th tae of the Gesta Romanorum we read that two chaste vrgns
were abe to u to seep and k an eephant, that no one ese coud approach.
-----Fe: 343.png---------------------------------------------------------
as she can never see men?" Havng formed ths determnaton, the kng
that very day rashy marred that R|adatt, whom |S'|avat bestowed upon
hm. And after he had marred her, and had been receved wth the customary
rtes by Harshagupta, he took that wfe, and wth her and |S'|avat,
he mounted |S'|vetara|s'|m, and then n a moment went through the ar to the
and of Ratnak|t.|a, where the peope were anxousy expectng hm. And
he rewarded |S'|avat agan so munfcenty, that she attaned a her wshes,
havng reaped the frut of her vow of chastty. Then he mounted hs new
wfe R|adatt on that same ar-traveng eephant |S'|vetara|s'|m, and
conveyed
her carefuy, and paced her n the empty paace n the sand n the
mdst of the sea, naccessbe to man, wth a retnue of women ony. And
whatever artce she requred, he conveyed there through the ar on that
eephant, so great was hs dstrust. And beng devotedy attached to her,
he aways spent the nght there, but came to Ratnak|t.|a n the day to
transact
hs rega dutes. Now one mornng the kng, n order to counteract
an nauspcous dream, nduged wth that R|adatt n a drnkng-bout
for good uck. And though hs wfe, beng ntoxcated wth that banquet,
dd not wsh to et hm go, he eft her, and departed to Ratnak|t.|a to transact
hs busness, for the roya dgnty s an ever-exactng wfe. There he
remaned performng hs dutes wth anxous mnd, whch seemed ever to
ask hm, why he eft hs wfe there n a state of ntoxcaton? And n the
meanwhe R|adatt, remanng aone n that naccessbe pace, the femae
servants beng occuped n cunary and other dutes, saw a certan man
come n at the door, ke Fate determned to baffe a expedents for guardng
her, and hs arrva fed her wth astonshment. And that ntoxcated
woman asked hm when he approached her, "Who are you, and how have
you come to ths naccessbe pace?" Then that man, who had endured
many hardshps, answered her--
Story of Yavanasena.
Far one, I am a merchant's son of Mathu named Yavanasena.
And when my father ded, I was eft hepess, and my reatons took from
me my property, so I went to a foregn country, and resorted to the mserabe
condton of beng servant to another man. Then I wth dffcuty
scraped together a tte weath by tradng, and as I was gong to another
and, I was pundered by robbers who met me on the way. Then I wandered
about as a beggar, and, wth some other men ke mysef, I went to a
mne of |ewes caed Kanakakshetra. There I engaged to pay the kng hs
share, and after dggng up the earth n a trench for a whoe year, I dd
not fnd a snge |ewe. So, whe the other men my feows were re|ocng
over the |ewes they had found, smtten wth gref I retred to the shore of
the sea, and began to coect fue.
-----Fe: 344.png---------------------------------------------------------
And whe I was constructng wth the fue a funera pyre, n order
that I mght enter the fame, a certan merchant named |vadatta happened
to come there; that mercfu man dssuaded me from sucde, and gave me
food, and as he was preparng to go n a shp to Svarnadvpa he took me
on board wth hm. Then, as we were sang aong n the mdst of the
ocean, after fve days had passed, we suddeny behed a coud. The coud
dscharged ts ran n arge drops, and that vesse was whred round by
the wnd ke the head of a mast eephant. Immedatey the shp sank,
but as fate woud have t, I caught hod of a pank, |ust as I was snkng.
I mounted on t, and thereupon the thunder-coud reaxed ts fury, and,
conducted by destny, I reached ths country; and have |ust anded n the
forest. And seeng ths paace, I entered, and I behed here thee, O auspcous
one, a ran of nectar to my eyes, dspeng pan.
When he had sad ths, R|adatt maddened wth ove and wne, paced
hm on a couch and embraced hm. Where there are these fve fres, femnne
nature, ntoxcaton, prvacy, the obtanng of a man, and absence of
restrant, what chance for the stubbe of character? So true s t, that a
woman maddened by the god of Love s ncapabe of dscrmnaton; snce
ths queen became enamoured of that oathsome castaway. In the meanwhe
the kng Ratndhpat, beng anxous, came swfty from Ratnakta,
borne aong on the sky-gong eephant; and enterng hs paace he behed
hs wfe R|adatt n the arms of that creature. When the kng saw the
man, though he fet tempted to say hm, he sew hm not, because he fe at
hs feet, and uttered pteous suppcatons. And behodng hs wfe terrfed,
and at the same tme ntoxcated, he refected, "How can a woman
that s addcted to wne, the chef ay of ust, be chaste? A ascvous
woman cannot be restraned even by beng guarded. Can one fetter a
whrwnd wth one's arms? Ths s the frut of my not heedng the predcton
of the astroogers. To whom s not the scornng of wse words btter
n ts after-taste? When I thought that she was the sster of Savat, I
forgot that the Kak|t.|a poson was twn-born wth the am|r.|ta.|*| Or
rather who s abe, even by dong the utmost of a man, to overcome the
ncacuabe
freaks of marveousy workng Destny." Thus refectng, the
kng was not wroth wth any one, and spared the merchant's son, her
paramour,
after askng hm the story of hs fe. The merchant's son, when
dsmssed thence, seeng no other expedent, went out and behed a shp
comng, far off n the sea. Then he agan mounted that pank, and drftng
about n the sea, cred out, puffng and bowng, "Save me! Save me!"
So a merchant, of the name of Krodhavarman, who was on that shp, drew
that merchant's son out of the water, and made hm hs companon.
Whatever deed s apponted by the Dsposer to be the destructon of any
* Both were produced at the churnng of the ocean.
-----Fe: 345.png---------------------------------------------------------
man, dogs hs steps whthersoever he runneth. For ths foo, when on the
shp, was dscovered by hs deverer secrety assocatng wth hs wfe, and
thereupon was cast by hm nto the sea and pershed.
In the meanwhe the kng Ratndhpat caused the queen R|adatt
wth her retnue to mount |S'|vetara|s'|m, wthout aowng hmsef to be
angry, and he carred her to Ratnak|t.|a, and devered her to |S'|avat, and
reated that occurrence to her and hs mnsters. And he excamed,
"Aas! How much pan have I endured, whose mnd has been devoted to
these unsubstanta nspd en|oyments. Therefore I w go to the forest,
and take Har as my refuge, n order that I may never agan be a
vesse of such woes." Thus he spake, and though hs sorrowng mnsters
and |S'|avat endeavoured to prevent hm, he, beng dsgusted wth the word,
woud not abandon hs ntenton. Then, beng ndfferent to en|oyments,
he frst gave haf of hs treasure to the vrtuous |S'|avat, and the
other haf to the Brhmans, and then that kng made over n the prescrbed
form hs kngdom to a Brhman of great exceence, named Ppabhan|ana.
And after he had gven away hs kngdom, he ordered |S'|vetara|s'|m to be
brought, wth the ob|ect of retrng to a grove of ascetcsm, hs sub|ects
ookng on wth tearfu eyes. No sooner was the eephant brought, than t
eft the body, and became a man of god-ke appearance, adorned wth
neckace and braceet. When the kng asked hm who he was, and what
was the meanng of a ths, he answered:
"We were two Gandharva brothers, vng on the Maaya mountan:
I was caed Somaprabha, and the edest was Devaprabha. And my brother
had but one wfe, but she was very dear to hm. Her name was R|avat.
One day he was wanderng about wth her n hs arms, and happened to
arrve, wth me n hs company, at a pace caed the dweng of the Sddhas.
There we both worshpped Vsh|n.|u n hs tempe, and began a of us to sng
before the adorabe one. In the meanwhe a Sddha came there, and
stood regardng wth fxed gaze R|avat, who was sngng songs we worth
hearng. And my brother, who was |eaous, sad n hs wrath to that
Sddha; 'Why dost thou, athough a Sddha, east a ongng ook at
another's wfe?' Then the Sddha was moved wth anger, and sad to hm
by way of a curse--'Foo, I was ookng at her out of nterest n her
song, not out of desre. So fa thou, |eaous one, nto a morta womb
together wth her; and then behod wth thy own eyes thy wfe n the
embraces of another.' When he had sad ths, I, beng enraged at the
curse, struck hm, out of chdsh reckessness, wth a whte toy eephant of
cay, that I had n my hand. Then he cursed me n the foowng words--
"Be born agan on the earth as an eephant, ke that wth whch you have
|ust struck me." Then beng mercfu, that Sddha aowed hmsef to be
proptated by that brother of mne Devaprabha, and apponted for us both
-----Fe: 346.png---------------------------------------------------------
the foowng termnaton of the curse; "Though a morta thou shat
become, by the favour of Vsh|n.|u, the ord of an sand, and shat obtan
as thy servant ths thy younger brother, who w have become an eephant,
a beast of burden ft for gods. Thou shat obtan eghty thousand wves,
and thou shat come to earn the unchastty of them a n the presence of
men. Then thou shat marry ths thy present wfe, who w have become
a woman, and shat see her wth thy own eyes embracng another. Then,
thou shat become sck n thy heart of the word, and shat bestow thy
ream on a Brhman, but when after dong ths thou shat set out to go to
a forest of ascetcs, thy younger brother sha frst be reeased from
hs eephant nature, and thou aso wth thy wfe shat be devered from
thy curse.' Ths was the termnaton of the curse apponted for us by
the Sddha, and we were accordngy born wth dfferent ots, on account
of the dfference of our actons n that prevous state, and o! the end of
our curse has now arrved." When Somaprabha had sad ths, that kng
Ratndhpat remembered hs former brth, and sad--"True! I am that
very Devaprabha; and ths R|adatt s my former wfe R|avat."
Havng sad ths, he, together wth hs wfe, abandoned the body. In a
moment they a became Gandharvas, and, n the sght of men, few up
nto the ar, and went to ther own home, the Maaya mountan. |S'|avat
too, through the nobeness of her character, obtaned prosperty, and gong
to the cty of Tmrapt, remaned n the practce of vrtue.
"So true s t, that n no case can any one guard a woman by force n
ths word, but the young woman of good famy s ever protected by the
pure restrant of her own chastty. And thus the passon of |eaousy s
merey a purposeess cause of sufferng, annoyng others, and so far from
beng a protecton to women, t rather exctes n them excessve ongng."
When Naravhanadatta had heard ths tae fu of good sense reated by
hs wfe, he and hs mnsters were hghy peased.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
Then Naravhanadatta's mnster Gomukha sad to hm, by way of
cappng the tae, whch had been tod by Ratnaprabh: "It s true that
chaste women are few and far between, but unchaste women are never to
be trusted; n ustraton of ths, hear the foowng story."
Story of N|s'|chayadatta.
There s n ths and a town of the name of U||ayn, famous
throughout the word: n t there ved of od tme a merchant's son, named
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Nsehayadatta. He was a gamber and had acqured money by gambng,
and every day the generous man used to bathe n the water of the Spr,
and worshp Mahka:* hs custom was frst to gve money to the Brhmans,
the poor, and the hepess, and then to anont hmsef and nduge
n food and bete.
Every day, when he had fnshed hs bathng and hs worshp, he used to go
and anont hmsef n a cemetery near the tempe of Mahka, wth
sandawood
and other thngs. And the young man paced the unguent on a stone
par that stood there, and so anonted hmsef every day aone, rubbng hs
back aganst t. In that way the par eventuay became very smooth and
poshed. Then there came that way a draughtsman wth a scuptor; the frst,
seeng that the par was very smooth, drew on t a fgure of Gaur, and the
scuptor wth hs chse n pure sport carved t on the stone. Then, after
they had departed, a certan daughter of the Vdydharas eame there to
worshp Mahka, and saw that mage of Gaur on the stone. From the
cearness of the mage she nferred the proxmty of the goddess, and,
after worshppng, she entered that stone par to rest. In the meanwhe
Nschayadatta, the merchant's son, came there, and to hs astonshment
behed that fgure of Uma carved on the stone. He frst anonted hs
mbs, and then pacng the unguent on another part of the stone, began to
anont hs back by rubbng t aganst the stone. When the rong-eyed
Vdydhar maden nsde the par saw that, her heart beng captvated
by hs beauty, she refected--"What! has ths handsome man no one to
anont hs back? Then I w now rub hs back for hm." Thus the
Vdydhar refected, and, stretchng forth her hand from nsde the par,
she anonted hs back then and there out of affecton. Immedatey the
merchant's son fet the touch, and heard the |ngng of the braceet, and
caught hod of her hand wth hs. And the Vdydhar, nvsbe as she
was, sad to hm from the par--"Nobe sr, what harm have I done you?
et go my hand." Then Nsehayadatta answered her--"Appear before me,
and say who you are, then I w et go your hand. "Then the Vdydhar
affrmed wth an oath--"I w appear before your eyes, and te you a."
So he et go her hand. Then she came out vsby from the par, beautfu
n every mb, and sttng down, wth her eyes fxed on hs face, sad to hm,
"There s a cty caed Pushkarvat* on a peak of the Hmayas, n
t there ves a kng named Vndyapara. I am hs maden daughter, named
Anurgapar. I came to worshp Mahka, and rested here to-day. And
thereupon you came here, and were behed by me anontng your back on
*A famous nga of S'va n U||ayn.
*Perhaps the Pushkavat descrbed by Genera Cunnngham n hs Ancent
Geography of Inda, p. 49.
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ths par, resembng the stupefyng weapon of the god of ove. Then
frst my heart was charmed wth affecton for you, and afterwards my hand
was smeared wth your unguent, as I rubbed your back.* The seque you
know. So I w now go to my father's house."
When she sad ths to the merchant's son, he answered--"Far one,
I have not recovered my sou whch you have taken captve; how can you
thus depart, wthout ettng go the sou whch you have taken possesson
of?" When he sad ths to her, she was mmedatey overcome wth ove,
and sad--"I w marry you, f you come to my cty. It s not hard for
you to reach; your endeavour w be sure to succeed. For nothng n ths
word s dffcut to the enterprsng. "Havng sad ths, Anurgapar
few up nto the ar and departed; and Nschayadatta returned home wth
mnd fxed upon her. Recoectng the hand that was protruded from the
par, ke a shoot from the trunk of a tree, he thought--"Aas! though
I sezed her hand I dd not wn t for my own. Therefore I w go to the
cty of Pushkarvat to vst her, and ether I sha ose my fe, or Fate w
come to my ad." So musng, he passed that day there n an agony of ove,
and he set out from that pace eary the next mornng, makng for the north.
As he |ourneyed, three other merchants' sons, who were traveng towards
the north, assocated themseves wth hm as companons. In company wth
them he traveed through ctes, vages, forests, and rvers, and at ast
reached the northern regon aboundng n barbarans.
There he and hs companons were found on the way by some T|kas,
who took them and sod them to another T|ka. He sent them n the care
of hs servants as a present to a Turushka, named Muravra. Then those.
servants took hm and the other three, and hearng that Muravra was
dead, they devered them to hs son. The son of Muravra thought--
"These men have been sent me as a present by my father's frend, so I must
send them to hm to-morrow by throwng them nto hs grave."* Accordngy
the Turuskha fettered Nschayadatta and hs three frends wth strong
chans, that they mght be kept t the mornng. Then, whe they were
remanng n chans at nght, Nschayadatta sad to hs three frends, the
merchant's sons, who were affcted wth dread of death--"What w you
gan by despondency? Mantan steadfast resouton. For caamtes
depart far away from the resoute, as f terrfed at them. Thnk on the
peeress adorabe Durg, that deverer from caamty."
* There s a studed ambguty n a these words, the usua pay on affecton
and
o beng kept up. A margna correcton n a Sanskrt Coege MS. ent to me,
gves
hydayam. The text has rn|tam sththavn. The atter s a vox nh.
Brockhaus's
text may be expaned.--My hand fu of my heart was steeped n affecton for
you.
*For "funera human sacrfce for tbe servce of the dead," see Tyor's Prmtve
Cuture, pp. 413-422.
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Thus encouragng them, he devouty worshpped that goddess Durg:
"Ha to thee, O goddess! I worshp thy feet that are staned wth a red dye,
as f t were the cotted gore of the tramped Asura cngng to them.
Thou, as the a-rung power of S'va, dost govern the three words, and
nspred by thee they ve and move. Thou ddst dever the words, O
sayer of the Asura Mahsha. Dever me that crave thy protecton,
O thou chersher of thy votares." In these and smar words he
and hs companons duy worshpped the goddess, and then they a fe
aseep, beng weary. And the goddess Durg n a dream commanded
Nschayadatta
and hs companons--"Rse up, my chdren, depart, for your
fetters are oosed." Then they woke up at nght, and saw that ther fetters
had faen off of themseves, and after reatng to one another ther
dream, they departed thence deghted. And after they had gone a ong
|ourney, the nght came to an end, and then those merchant's sons,
who had gone through such terrors, sad to Nschayadatta; "Enough of
ths quarter of the word nfested wth barbarans! We w go to the Deccan,
frend, but do you do as you desre."--When they sad ths to hm, he dsmssed
them to go where they woud, and set out aone vgorousy on hs
|ourney, makng towards that very northern quarter, drawn by the noose of
ove for Anurgapar, fngng asde fear. As he went aong, he fe n, n
course of tme, wth four Psupata ascetcs, and reached and crossed the
rver Vtast. And after crossng t, he took food, and as the sun was
kssng the western mountan, he entered wth them a forest that ay n
ther path. And there some woodmen, that met them, sad to them:
"Whther are you gong, now that the day s over. There s no vage n
front of you: but there s an empty tempe of S'va n ths wood. Whoever
remans there durng the nght nsde or outsde, fas a prey to a Yakshn,
who bewders hm, makng horns grow on hs forehead, and then
treats hm as a vctm, and devours hm." Those four Psupata ascetcs,
who were traveng together, though they heard ths, sad to Nschayadatta,
"Come aong! what can that mserabe Yakshn do to us? For we
have remaned many nghts n varous cemeteres." When they sad ths,
he went wth them, and fndng an empty tempe of S'va, he entered t
wth them to pass the nght there. In the court of that tempe the bod
Nsehayadatta and the Psupata ascetcs qucky made a great crce wth
ashes, and enterng nto t, they ghted a fre wth fue, and a remaned
there, mutterng a charm to protect themseves.
Then at nght there came there dancng the Yakshn S'rngotpdn,*
payng from afar on her ute of bones, and when she came near, she fxed
her eye on one of the four Psupata ascetcs, and rected a charm, as she
*. e. Producer of horns.
-----Fe: 350.png---------------------------------------------------------
danced outsde the crce. That charm produced hors on hm, and bewdered
he rose up, and danced t he fe nto the bazng fre. And when he
had faen, the Yakshn dragged hm haf-burnt out of the fre, and devoured
hm wth deght. Then she fxed her eye on the second Psupata
ascetc, and n the same way rected the horn-producng charm and danced.
The second one aso had horns produced by that charm, and was made to
dance, and fang nto the fre, was dragged out and devoured before the
eyes of the others. In ths way the Yakshn maddened one after another
at nght the four ascetcs, and after horns had been produced on them,
devoured
them. But whe she was devourng the fourth, t came to pass
that, beng ntoxcated wth fesh and bood, she ad her ute down on the
ground. Thereupon the bod Nschayadatta rose up qucky, and sezed
the ute, and began to pay on t, and dancng round wth a augh, to
recte that horn-producng charm, whch he had earnt from hearng t
often, fxng at the same tme hs eye on the face of the Yakshn. By
the operaton of the charm she was confused, and dreadng death, as horns
were |ust about to sprout on her forehead, she fung hersef prostrate,
and thus entreated hm; "Vaant man, do not say me, a hepess woman.
I now mpore your protecton, stop the recta of the charm, and the
accompanyng movements. Spare me! I know a your story, and w
brng about your wsh; I w carry you to the pace, where Anurgapar
s." The bod Nschayadatta, when thus confdngy addressed by her,
consented, and stopped the recta of the charm, and the accompanyng
movements. Then, at the request of the Yakshn, he mounted on her back,
and beng carred by her through the ar, he went to fnd hs beoved.*
And when the nght came to an end, they had reached a mountan
wood; there the Guhyak bowng thus addressed Nschayadatta; "Now
that the sun has rsen, I have no power to go upwards,* so spend ths day
n ths charmng wood, my ord; eat sweet fruts and drnk the cear
water of the brooks. I go to my own pace, and I w return at the approach
of nght; and then I w take you to the cty of Pushkarvat,
*Cp. the 31st tae n Sgnora von Gonzenbach's Scansche Mrchen, (p. 209)
where the back fgs produce horns. There s aso n the same story a ppe that
compes
a that hear ts sound to dance. See Dr. Renhod Kher's notes on the tao:
aso
Grmm's No. 110 and hs notes n hs thrd voume. Cp. aso Veckenstedt's
Wendsehe
Sagen, p. 65. See aso Raston's Russan Fok-Taes, p. 283: Bernhard Schmdt's
Grechsehe Marchen, No. 20, and Lebrecht, Zur Vokskunde, p. 484.
*Cp. Grmm's Marchen, No. 193. Tho parae between Grmm's story and that
of Vdshaka n Chapter 18 s st more strkng.
*Ths dea, whch s met wth so frequenty n ths work, s found n Chna aso.
See Ges's Strange Stores from a Chnese Studo, Vo. I, p. 177, where Mss L,
who
s a dev, hears the cock crow and vanshes.
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the crown of the Hmayas, and nto the presence of Anurgapar."
Havng sad ths, the Yaksh|n.| wth hs permsson set hm down from
her shouder, and departed to return agan accordng to her promse.
When she had gone, N|'s|ehayadatta behed a deep ake, transparent
and coo, but tanted wth poson, t up by the sun, that stretchng forth the
fngers of ts rays, reveaed t as an exampe ustratve of the nature of
the heart of a passonate woman. He knew by the sme that t was tanted
wth poson, and eft t, after necessary abutons, and beng affcted
wth thrst he roamed a over that heaveny mountan n search of water.
And as he was wanderng about, he saw on a ofty pace what seemed to be
two rubes gtterng, and he dug up the ground there.
And after he had removed the earth, he saw there the head of a
vng monkey, and hs eyes ke two rubes. Whe he was ndugng hs
wonder, thnkng what ths coud be, that monkey thus addressed hm wth
human voce; "I am a man, a Brhman transformed nto a monkey, reease
me, and then I w te you a my story, exceent sr." As soon as he
heard ths, he removed the earth, marveng, and drew the ape out of the
ground. When N|'s|ehayadatta had drawn out the ape, t fe at hs feet,
and contnued--"You have gven me fe by rescung me from caamty.
So come, snce you are weary, take frut and water, and by your favour
I aso w break my ong fast. Havng sad ths, the berated monkey
took hm to the bank of a mountan-torrent some dstance off, where there
were decous fruts, and shady trees. There he bathed and took frut
and water, and comng back, he sad to the monkey who had broken hs
fast--"Te me how you have become a monkey, beng reay a man."
Then that monkey sad, "Lsten, I w te you now."
Story of Somasvmn.
In the cty of Vrnas there s
an exceent Brhman named Chandrasvmn,
I am hs son by hs vrtuous wfe, my frend. And my father gave
me the name of Somasvmn. In course of tme t came to pass that I
mounted the ferce eephant of ove, whch nfatuaton makes uncontroabe.
When I was at ths stage of my fe, the youthfu Bandhudatt, the
daughter of the merchant |'S|rgarbha, an nhabtant of that cty, and the
wfe of the great merchant of Mathura Yarhadatta, who was dweng n
her father's house, behed me one day, as she was ookng out of the
wndow. She was enamoured of me on behodng me, and after enqurng
my name, she sent a confdenta femae frend to me, desrng an
ntervew,|**P1 .|
Her frend came up secrety to me who was bnd wth ove, and, after
teng her frend's desre, took me to her house. There she paced me,
and then went and brought secrety Bandhudatt, whose eagerness made
her dsregard shame. And no sooner was she brought, than she threw her
arms round my neck, for excessve ove n women s your ony hero for
-----Fe: 352.png---------------------------------------------------------
darng. Thus every day Bandhudatt came at w from her father's house,
and sported wth me n the house of her femae frend.
Now one day the great merchant, her husband, came from Mathur
to take her back to hs own house, as she had been ong absent. Then
Bandhudatt, as her father ordered her to go, and her husband was eager
to take her away, secrety made a second request to her frend. She sad
"I am certany gong to be taken by my husband to the cty of Mathur, and
I cannot ve there separated from Somasvmn. So te me what resource
there s eft to me n ths matter." When she sad ths, her frend Sukha|'s|ay,
who was a wtch, answered her, "I know two spes;|*| by rectng one
of them a man can be n a moment made an ape, f a strng s fastened
round hs neck, and by the second, f the strng s oosed, he w mmedatey
become a man agan; and whe he s an ape hs ntegence s not
dmnshed. So f you ke, far one, you can keep your over Somasvmn;
for I w turn hm nto an ape on the spot, then take hm wth you to
Mathur as a pet anma. And I w shew you how to use the two spes, so
that you can turn hm, when near you, nto the shape of a monkey, and when
you are n a secret pace, make hm once more a beoved man." "When her
frend had tod her ths, Bandhudatt consented, and sendng for me n secret,
tod me that matter n the most ovng tone. I consented, and mmedatey
Sukha|'s|ay fastened a thread on my neck and rected the spe, and made
me a young monkey. And n that shape Bandhudatt brought and shewed
me to her husband, and she sad--"A frend of mne gave me ths anma
to pay wth." And he was deghted when he saw me n her arms as a
paythng, and I, though a monkey, retaned my ntegence, and the
power of artcuate speech. And I remaned there, sayng to mysef wth
nward aughter--"Wonderfu are the actons of women." For whom
does not ove begue? The next day Bandhudatt, havng been taught
that spe by her frend, set out from her father's house to go to Mathur
wth her husband. And the husband of Bandhudatt, wshng to pease her,
had me carred on the back of one of hs servants durng the |ourney. So
the servant and I and the rest went aong, and n two or three days reached
a wood, that ay n our way, whch was perous from aboundng n monkeys.
Then the monkeys, behodng me, attacked me n troops on a sdes,
qucky cang to one another wth shr cres. And the rrepressbe apes
came and began to bte that merchant's servant, on whose back I was
sttng. He was terrfed at that, and fung me off hs back on to the
ground, and fed for fear, so the monkeys got hod of me then and there.
* Cp. Weckenstedt's Wendsche Sagen, pp. 256 and 394. See aso No. CXXIX
n Ges's Strange Stores from a Chnese Studo, Vo. II, p. 265, the tte of
whch
s "Makng of Anmas."
-----Fe: 353.png---------------------------------------------------------
And Bandhudatt, out of ove for me, and her husband and hs servants,
attacked the apes wth stones and stcks, but were not abe to get the
better of them. Then those monkeys, as f enraged wth my ev actons,
pued off wth ther teeth and nas every har from every one of my mbs,
as I ay there bewdered. At ast, by the vrtue of the strng on my
neck, and by thnkng on |'S|va, I managed to recover my strength, and
gettng oose from them, I ran away. And enterng nto the depths of
the wood, I got out of ther sght, and graduay, roamng from forest
to forest, I reached ths wood. And whe I was wanderng about here n
the rany season, bnd wth the darkness of gref, sayng to mysef, "How
s t that even n ths fe adutery has produced for thee the frut of
transformaton
nto the shape of a monkey, and thou hast ost Bandhudatt?"
Destny, not yet sated wth tormentng me, nfcted on me another
woe, for a femae eephant suddeny came upon me, and sezng me wth
her trunk fung me nto the mud of an ant-h that had been saturated
wth ran. I know t must have been some dvnty nstgated by Destny,
for, though I exerted mysef to the utmost, I coud not get out of that
mud. And whe t was dryng up,|*| not ony dd I not de, but knowedge
was produced n me, whe I thought contnuay upon |'S|va. And a the
whe I never fet hunger nor thrst, my frend, unt to-day you drew me
out of ths trap of dry mud. And though I have ganed knowedge, I do
not even now possess power suffcent to set mysef free from ths monkey
nature. But when some wtch untes the thread on my neck, rectng at
the same tme the approprate spe, then I sha once more become a man.
"Ths s my story, but te me now, my frend, how you came to
ths naccessbe wood, and why." "When N|'s|ehayadatta was thus requested
by the Brhman Somasvmn, he tod hm hs story, how he came
from U||ayn on account of a Vdyadhar, and how he was conveyed at
nght by a Yakshn, whom he had subdued by hs presence of mnd. Then
the wse Somasvmn, who wore the form of a monkey, havng heard that
wonderfu story, went on to say; "You, ke mysef, have suffered great
woe for the sake of a femae. But femaes, ke prosperous crcumstances,
are never fathfu to any one n ths word. Lke the evenng, they dspay
a short-ved gow of passon, ther hearts are crooked ke the channes
of rvers, ke snakes they are not to be reed on, ke ghtnng they
are fcke. So, that Anurgapar, though she may be enamoured of you for a
tme, when she fnds a paramour of her own race, w be dsgusted wth you,
who are ony a morta. So desst now from ths effort for the sake of a
femae, whch you w fnd ke the frut of the Coocynth, btter n ts
* Pandt |'S|ym Chara|n.|a Mukhopdhyya con|ectures |'s|oshyamne.
Ths I
adopt unhestatngy.
-----Fe: 354.png---------------------------------------------------------
after-taste. Do not go, my frend, to Pushkravat, the cty of the Vdydharas,
but ascend the back of the Yakshn and return to your own
U||ayn. Do what I te you, my frend; formery n my passon I dd
not heed the voce of a frend, and I am sufferng for t at ths very
moment. For when I was n ove wth Bandhudatt, a Brhman named
Bhava|'s|arman, who was a very dear frend of mne, sad ths to me n order
to dssuade me;--'Do not put yoursef n the power of a femae, the heart
of a femae s a tanged maze; n proof of t I w te you what happened
to me--sten!'"
Story of Bhava|'s|arman.
In ths very country, n the cty
of Vranas, there ved a young and
beautfu Brhman woman named Somad, who was unchaste and secrety a
wtch. And as destny woud have t, I had secret ntervews wth her,
and n the course of our ntmacy my ove for her ncreased. One day I wfuy
struck her n the fury of |eaousy, and the crue woman bore t
patenty, conceang her anger for the tme. The next day she fastened
a strng round my neck, as f n ovng sport, and I was mmedatey turned
nto a domestcated ox. Then I, thus transformed nto an ox, was sod
by her, on recevng the requred prce, to a man who ved by keepng
domestcated cames. When he paced a oad upon me, a wtch there,
named Bandhamochank, behodng me sore burdened, was fed wth
pty.* She knew by her supernatura knowedge that I had been made an
anma by Somad, and when my propretor was not ookng, she oosed
the strng from my neck. So I returned to the form of a man, and
that master of mne mmedatey ooked round, and thnkng that I had
escaped, wandered a about the country n search of me. And as I was
gong away from that pace wth Bandhamoehn, t happened that Somad
came that way and behed me at a dstance. She, burnng wth rage, sad
to Bandhamoehn, who possessed supernatura knowedge,--"Why dd you
dever ths van from hs besta transformaton? Curses on you! wcked
woman, you sha reap the frut of ths ev deed. To-morrow mornng
I w say you, together wth ths van." When she had gone after
sayng ths, that skfu sorceress Bandhamoehn, n order to repe her
assaut, gave me the foowng nstructons--"She w come to-morrow
mornng n the form of a back mare to say me, and I sha then assume
the form of a bay mare. And when we have begun to fght, you must
come behnd ths Somad, sword n hand, and resoutey strke her. In ths
way we w say her; so come to-morrow mornng to my house." After
sayng ths, she ponted out to me her house. When she had entered t,
* Cp. Sagas from the Far East, p. 35. Ths story very cosey resembes that of
Sd Noman n the Araban Nghts, and the Goden Ass of Apucus.
-----Fe: 355.png---------------------------------------------------------
I went home, havng endured more than one brth n ths very fe. And
n the mornng I went to the house of Bandhamochn, sword n hand.
Then Somad came there, n the form of a back mare.|*| And Bandhamochn,
for her part, assumed the form of a bay mare; and then they
fought wth ther teeth and hees, btng and kckng. Then I struck that
ve wtch Somad a bow wth my sword, and she was san by Bandhamochn.
Then I was freed from fear, and havng escaped the caamty
of besta transformaton, I never agan aowed my mnd to entertan the
dea of assocatng wth wcked women. Women generay have these
three fauts, terrbe to the three words, fghtness, reckessness, and a ove
for the congregaton of wtches. So why do you run after Bandhudatt,
who s a frend of wtches? Snce she does not ove her husband, how s
t possbe that she can ove you?
"Though my frend Bhava|'s|arman gave me ths advce, I dd not do
what he tod me; and so I am reduced to ths state. So I gve you ths
counse; do not suffer hardshp to wn Anurgapar, for when she obtans
a over of her own race, she w of a surety desert you. A woman ever
desres fresh men, as a femae humbe bee wanders from fower to fower;
so you w suffer regret some day, ke me, my frend." Ths speech of,
Somasvmn, who had been transformed nto a monkey, dd not penetrate
the heart of N|'s|chayadatta, for t was fu of passon. And he sad to
that monkey; "She w not be unfathfu to me, for she s born of the
pure race of the Vdydharas." Whst they were thus conversng, the
sun, red wth the hues of evenng, went to the mountan of settng, as
f wshng to pease N|'s|ehayadatta. Then the nght arrved, as the harbnger
of the Yakshn |'S|rngotpdn, and she hersef came soon afterwards.
And N|'s|ehayadatta mounted on her back, and went off to go to
hs beoved, takng eave of the ape, who begged that he mght ever be
remembered by hm. And at mdnght he reached that cty of Pushkarvat,
whch was stuated on the Hmayas, and beonged to the kng of the
Vdydharas, the father of Anurgapar. At that very moment Anuragpar,
havng known by her power of hs arrva, came out from that cty
to meet hm. Then the Yakshn put down N|'s|ehayadatta from her
shouder, and pontng out to hm Anurgapar, sad--"Here comes your
beoved, ke a second moon gvng a feast to your eyes n the nght,
so now I w depart," and bowng before hm, she went her way.
Then Anurgapar, fu of the exctement produced by expectaton, went
up to her beoved, and wecomed hm wth embraces and other sgns of
* Compare Lane's Araban Nghts, Vo. I, pp. 156, 157, aso Campbe's Taes
from
the Western Hghands, Vo. II, p. 422, and Sagas from the Far East, p. 4. Ths
part
of the story comes under Mr. Barng-Goud's Magca Confct root. (See hs
Story
Radcas n the appendx to Henderson's Fokore of the Northern Countes.)
-----Fe: 356.png---------------------------------------------------------
ove. He too embraced her, and now that he had obtaned the |oy of
meetng her after endurng many hardshps, he coud not be contaned n
hs own body, and as t were entered hers. So Anurgapar was made hs
wfe by the Gndharva ceremony of marrage, and she mmedatey by her
magc sk created a cty. In that cty, whch was outsde the metropos,
he dwet wth her, wthout her parents suspectng t, as ther eyes were
bnded by her sk. And when, on her questonng hm, he tod her those
strange and panfu adventures of hs |ourney, she respected hm much, and
bestowed on hm a the en|oyments that heart coud wsh.
Then N|'s|chayadatta tod that Vdyadhar the strange story of Somasvmn,
who had been transformed nto a monkey, and sad to her, "If
ths frend of mne coud by any endeavour on your part be freed from hs
monkey condton, then my beoved, you woud have done a good deed."
When he tod her ths, Anurgapar sad to hm--"Ths s n the way of
wtches' spes, but t s not our provnce. Nevertheess I w accompsh
ths desre of yours, by askng a frend of mne, a skfu wtch named
Bhadrarp. When the merchant's son heard that, he was deghted,
and sad to that beoved of hs--"So come and see my frend, et us go to
vst hm." She consented, and the next day, carred n her ap, N|'s|chayadatta
went through the ar to the wood, whch was the resdence of hs
frend. When he saw hs frend there n monkey form, he went up to hm
wth hs wfe, who bowed before hm, and asked after hs wefare. And
the monkey Somasvmn wecomed hm, sayng--"It s we wth me to-day,
n that I have behed you unted to Anurgapar," and he gave hs
bessng to N|'s|chayadatta's wfe. Then a three sat down on a charmng
sab of rock there, and hed a conversaton|*| about hs story, the varous
adventures of that ape, prevousy dscussed by N|'s|chayadatta wth hs
beoved. Then N|'s|chayadatta took eave of that monkey, and went to the
house of hs beoved, fyng up nto the ar, carred by her n her arms.
And the next day he agan sad to that Anurgapar, "Come, et us
go for a moment to vst that ape our frend;" then she sad to hm--"Go
to-day yoursef, receve from me the scence of fyng up, and aso that of
descendng." When she had sad ths to hm, he took those two scences,
and few through the ar to hs frend the ape. And as he remaned ong
conversng wth hm, Anurgapar went out of the house nto the garden.
Whe she was seated there, a certan Vdydhara youth, who was wanderng
at w through the ar, came there. The Vdydhara, knowng by hs
art that she was a Vdydhar who had a morta husband, the moment he
behed her, was overpowered wth a paroxysm of ove, and approached her.
And she, wth face bent on the ground, behed that he was handsome and
* I adopt k|r.|tam the readng of a MS. ent me from the Sanskrt Coege. I
shoud put a comma after pam,|** a macron under p?| as that word s used
n the mascune.
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attractve, and sowy asked hm out of curosty, who he was and whence
he came. Then he answered her, "Know, far one, that I am a Vdydhara,
by name Rgabhan|ana, dstngushed for my knowedge of the scences of
the Vdydharas. The moment I behed you, O gazee-eyed one, I was
suddeny overpowered by ove, and made your save, so cease to honour,
O goddess, a morta, whose abode s the earth, and favour me, your equa,
before your father fnds out your ntrgue." When he sad ths, the fcke-hearted
one, ookng tmdy at hm wth a sdeong gance, thought--"Here
s a ft match for me." When he had thus ascertaned her wshes, he
made her hs wfe: when two are of one mnd, what more does secret
ove requre?
Then N|'s|chayadatta arrved from the presence of Somasvmn, after
that Vdhydhara had departed. And when he came, Anurgapar, havng
ost her ove for hm, dd not embrace hm, gvng as an excuse that she
had a headache. But the smpe-mnded man, bewdered by ove, not seeng
through her excuse, thought that her pan was due to ness and spent
the day n that beef. But the next day, he agan went n ow sprts to
see hs frend the ape, fyng through the ar by the force of the two scences
he possessed. When he had gone, Anurgapar's Vdydhara over returned
to her, havng spent a seepess nght wthout her. And embracng
round the neck her, who was eager for hs arrva owng to havng been
separated durng the nght, he was at ength overcome by seep. She by
the power of her scence conceaed her over, who ay aseep n her ap, and
weary wth havng kept awake a nght, went to seep hersef. In the
meanwhe N|'s|chayadatta came to the ape, and hs frend, wecomng hm,
asked hm--"Why do I seem to see you n ow sprts to-day? Te me."
Then N|'s|chayadatta sad to that ape, "Anurgapar s exceedngy , my
frend; for that reason I am greved, for she s dearer to me than fe."
Then that ape, who possessed supernatura knowedge, sad to hm--"Go,
take her n your arms aseep as she s, and fyng through the ar by the
hep of the scence she bestowed, brng her to me, n order that I may ths
very day shew you a great marve." When N|'s|chayadatta heard ths, he
went through the ar and ghty took up that seepng far, but he dd not
see that Vdydhara, who was aseep n her ap, and had been prevousy
made nvsbe by the power of her scence. And fyng up nto the ar,
he qucky brought Anurgapar to that ape. That ape, who possessed
dvne nsght, mmedatey shewed hm a charm, by whch he was abe to
behod the Vdydhara cngng to her neck. When he saw ths, he
excamed--"Aas! what does ths mean?" And the ape, who was abe to
dscern the truth, tod hm the whoe story. Then N|'s|chayadatta fe nto
a passon, and the Vdydhara, who was the over of hs wfe, woke up, and
fyng up nto the ar, dsappeared. Then Anurgapar woke up, and see*
-----Fe: 358.png---------------------------------------------------------
*ng that her secret was reveaed, stood wth face cast down through shame.
Then N|'s|chayadatta sad to her wth eyes gushng wth tears--"Wcked
femae, how coud you thus deceve me who reposed confdence n you?
Athough a devce s known n ths word for fxng that exceedngy fcke
meta qucksver, no expedent s known for fxng the heart of a woman."
Whe he was sayng ths, Anurgapar, at a oss for an answer, and weepng,
sowy soared up nto the ar, and went to her own home.
Then N|'s|chayadatta's frend, the ape, sad to hm--"That you are
greved s the frut of the ferce fre of passon, n that you ran after ths
far one, though I tred to dssuade you. For what reance can be paced
on fcke fortunes and fcke women? So cease your regret. Be patent
now. For even the Dsposer hmsef cannot o'erstep destny." When
N|'s|chayadatta heard ths speech from the ape, he fung asde that deuson
of gref, and abandonng passon, fed to |'S|va as hs refuge. Then, as he
was remanng n that wood wth hs frend the ape, t happened that a
femae hermt of the name of Mokshad came near hm. She seeng hm
bowng before her, proceeded to ask hm--"How comes ths strange thng
to pass that, though a man, you have struck up a frendshp wth ths ape?"
Then he reated to her hs own meanchoy story and afterwards the sad
tae of hs frend, and thereupon thus sad to her; "If you, reverend
ady, know any ncantaton or spe by whch t can be done, mmedatey
reease ths exceent Brhman, my frend, from hs ape-transformaton."
When she heard that, she consented, and empoyng a spe, she
oosed the strng from hs neck, and Somasvmn abandoned that monkey
form and became a man as before. Then she dsappeared ke ghtnng,
cothed wth ceesta brghtness, and n tme N|'s|chayadatta and the
Brhman Somasvmn, havng performed many austertes, attaned fna
beattude.
"Thus far ones, naturay fcke, brng about a seres of ev actons
whch produce true dscernment, and averson to the word. But here and
there you w fnd a vrtuous one among them, who adorns a gorous famy,
as the streak of the moon the broad sky."
When Naravhanadatta, accompaned by Ratnaprabh, heard ths wonderfu
tae from the mouth of Gomukha, he was hghy peased.
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
Then Marubht, percevng that Naravhanadatta was peased wth
the tae of Gomukha, n order to rva hm, sad, "Women are generay
-----Fe: 359.png---------------------------------------------------------
fcke, but not aways, for even hetr are seen to be rch n good quates,
much more others; n proof of ths, kng, hear ths famous tae."
Story of kng Vkramdtya and the
hetra.
There was n P|t.|aputra a kng
named Vkramdtya; he had two
chershed frends the kng Hayapat,|*| and the kng Ga|apat,|*| who had
arge armes of horse and eephants. And that proud soveregn had a
mghty enemy named Narasnha|*| the ord of Pratsh|t.|hna, a kng who
had a arge force of nfantry. Beng angry wth that enemy, and puffed
up on account of the power of hs aes, Vkramdtya rashy made ths
vow--"I w so competey conquer that kng, the ord of men, that the
herads and bards sha procam hm at the door as my save." Havng
made ths vow, he summoned those aes, Hayapat and Ga|apat, and
accompaned
wth a arge force, shakng the earth wth eephants and horses,
marched wth them to make a ferce attack on the ord of men, Narasnha.
When he arrved near Pratsh|t.|hna, Narasnha, the ord of men, put
on hs armour and went out to meet hm. Then there took pace between
the two kngs a batte that excted wonder, n whch footmen fought wth
eephants and horses. And at ast the army of Vkramdtya was routed
by the forces of Narasnha, the ord of men, whch contaned many crores
of footmen. And Vkramdtya, beng routed, fed to hs cty P|t.|aputra,
and hs two aes fed to ther own countres. And Narasnha, the ord of
men, entered hs own cty Pratsh|t.|hna, accompaned by herads who prased
hs mght.
Then Vkramdtya, not havng ganed hs end, thought--"We! as
that enemy s not to be conquered by arms, I w conquer hm by pocy;
et some bame me f they ke, but et not my oath be made vod." Thus
refectng, he entrusted hs kngdom to sutabe mnsters, and secrety went
out of the cty wth one chef mnster, named Buddhvara, and wth
fve hundred we-born and brave R|pts and n the dsguse of a canddate
for servce,|*| went to Pratsh|t.|hna, the cty of hs enemy. There he
entered the spendd manson of a beautfu hetra named Madanam,
that resembed the paace of a kng. It seemed to nvte hm wth the
sk of ts banners, hosted on the pnnaces of hgh ramparts, the ponts of
whch waved to and fro n the soft breeze. It was guarded at the prncpa
entrance, the east door, day and nght, by twenty thousand footmen,
equpped wth a knds of weapons. At each of the other three doors, ookng
towards the other cardna ponts, t was defended by ten thousand
* I. e. ord of horses.
* I. e. ord of eephants.
* I. e. Man-on.
* Krpatka; for the use of ths word see chapters 24, 63 and 81 of ths work.
-----Fe: 360.png---------------------------------------------------------
warrors ever on the qu vve. In such guse the kng entered, procamed
by the warders, the encosure of the paace, whch was dvded nto seven
zones. In one zone t was adorned wth many ong nes of horses. In
another the path was mpeded by dense troops of eephants. In another
t was surrounded wth an mposng array of dense weapons. In another
t was respendent wth many treasure-houses, that geamed wth the fash
of |ewes. In another a crce was aways formed by a dense crowd of
attendants. In another t was fu of the nose of many bards rectng
aoud, and n another resoundng wth the sound of drums beaten n concert.
Behodng a these sghts the kng at ast reached, wth hs retnue, the
spendd edfce n whch Madanam dwet. She havng heard wth great
nterest from her attendants that, as he passed through the zones, the
horses and other creatures were cured of ther wounds,|*| thought that he
must be some great one n dsguse, and so she went to meet hm, and
bowed before hm wth ove and curosty, and brngng hm n, seated hm
on a throne ft for a kng. The kng's heart was ravshed by her beauty,
gracefuness and courtesy, and he sauted her wthout reveang who he was.
Then Madanam honoured that kng wth costy baths, fowers, perfumes,
garments and ornaments. And she gave day subsstence to those foowers
of hs, and feasted hm and hs mnster wth a knds of vands. And
she spent the day wth hm n drnkng, and other dversons, and surrendered
hersef to hm, havng faen n ove wth hm at frst sght. Vkramdtya,
beng thus entertaned by her, day by day, contnued, though n
dsguse, to ve n a stye suted to an emperor. And whatever and
howmuchsoever
weath he was n the habt of gvng to suppants, Madanam
gady furnshed hm wth from her own store. And she thought
her body and weath we empoyed, whe en|oyed by hm, and she
remaned averse to gan and to other men. For out of ove to hm she
even kept off by stratagems Narasnha, the kng of that and, who came
there beng enamoured of her.
Whe the kng was beng wated on n ths fashon by Madanam,
he one day sad n secret to hs mnster Buddhvara, who accompaned hm,
"A hetra desres weath, and not even f she fees ove, does she become
attached wthout t, for when Provdence framed sutors, he bestowed greed
on these women. But ths Madanam, though her weath s beng consumed
by me, through her great ove s not estranged from me, on the
contrary she deghts n me. So how can I now make her a recompense,
n order that my vow may n course of tme be fuy accompshed?" When
* I foow sktam the readng of the MS n the Sanskrt Coege. So the
wounds of Sr Urro of Hungary were heaed, as soon as they were handed by
the
vaant Sr Launceot (La Mort d'Arthure, Vo. III, p. 270).
-----Fe: 361.png---------------------------------------------------------
the mnster Buddhvara heard ths, he sad to the kng; "If ths be so,
gve her some of those prceess |ewes whch the mendcant Prapanehabuddh
gave you." When the kng heard that, he answered hm, "If I
were to gve them a to her, I shoud not have made her a recompense
worth speakng of; but I can free mysef from obgaton n another way,
whch s connected aso wth the story of that mendcant." When the
mnster heard ths, he sad--"Kng, why dd that mendcant court you?
Te me hs story." When hs mnster Buddhvara preferred ths request,
the kng sad, "Lsten: I w te you hs story."
Story of kng Vkramdtya and the
treacherous mendcant.
Long, ago a mendcant named
Prapanehabuddh used to enter my
ha of audence n P|t.|aputra every day and gve me a box. For a whoe
year I gave these boxes, |ust as they were, unopened nto the hand of my
treasurer. One day, one of those boxes presented by the mendcant by
chance fe from my hand on to the ground, and burst open. And a great
|ewe fe out of t, gtterng ke fre, and t appeared as f t were the
mendcant's heart whch I had not dscerned before, reveaed by hm.
When I saw that, I took t, and I had those other boxes brought whch he
had presented to me, and opened them, and took a |ewe out of every one
of them. Then n astonshment I asked Prapanehabuddh--"Why do you
court me wth such spendd |ewes?" Then that mendcant took me asde,
and sad to me--"On the fourteenth day of the back fortnght now
approachng I have to perform a certan ncantaton at nght-fa, n a
cemetery outsde ths town. I desre you, my hero, to come and take
part n that enterprse, for success s easy obtaned, when the obstaces
to t are swept away by the ad of a hero." When the mendcant sad
ths to me, I agreed. So he went off deghted, and n a few days
the fourteenth nght of the back fortnght came, and I remembered
the speech of that ascetc.|*| Then I performed my day observances,
and wated for the nght, and after I had rected the evenng prayer,
t happened that I rapdy fe aseep. Then the adorabe Har, who
s compassonate to hs votares, appeared to me n a dream, mounted
on Garu|d.|a, wth hs breast marked wth a otus, and thus commanded
me--"My son, ths Prapanehabuddh|*| s rghty named, for he w
nvege you nto the cemetery to take part n the ncantaton of the
crce,|*| and w offer you up as a vctm. So do not do what he
* Here the word |'S|rama|n.|a s used, whch generay means--"Buddhst
ascetc."
* I. e. decetfu-mnded.
* Cp. the story of Phaabht n the 20th Taranga. I may here menton that
Lebrecht ponts out a strkng parae to the story of Fugentus, (wth whch I
have
compared that of Phaabht,) n the Nug Curaum of Guaterus Mapes: (Zur
Vokskunde, p. 38).
-----Fe: 362.png---------------------------------------------------------
tes you to do wth the ob|ect of sayng you, but say to hm--'You do t
frst, and when I have earned the way, I w do t.' Then, as he s shewng
you the way, take advantage of the opportunty, and say hm mmedatey,
and you w acqure the power that he desres to obtan. "When
Vshnu had sad ths, he dsappeared, and I woke up and thought--"By the
favour of Har I have detected that magcan, and ths day I must say hm."
Havng thus refected, when the frst watch of the nght was gone, I went,
sword n hand, aone to that cemetery. There I behed that mendcant,
who had performed the ceremony of the crce ncantaton, and when the
treacherous feow saw me, he wecomed me, and sad, "Kng, cose your
eyes, and fa at fu ength on the ground wth your face downwards, and
n ths way both of us w attan our ends." Then I answered hm--"Do
t yoursef frst. Shew me how to do t, and, after I have earned, I w do
precsey as you do." When the mendcant heard that, ke a foo, he fe
on the earth, and I cut off hs head wth a stroke of my sword. Then a
voce was heard from the ar--"Bravo, kng! By offerng up to-day ths
rascay mendcant thou hast obtaned the power of gong through
the ar, whch he wshed to obtan. I, the god of weath, that move about
at w, am peased wth thy courage. So, ask me for another boon,
whatever thou mayest desre." After sayng ths, he manfested hmsef, and
I, bowng before hm, sad,--"When I sha suppcate thee, adorabe one,
thou shat appear on my thnkng of thee, and grant me a sutabe boon."
The god of weath sad--"So be t"--and dsappeared. And havng
obtaned magc power, I went back qucky to my own paace. Thus I
have tod you my adventure, so by means of that boon of Kuvera I must
now recompense Madanam. And you must now go back to P|t.|aputra,
takng wth you my dsgused R|pt retnue, and I, as soon as I have n a
nove way recompensed my beoved, w mmedatey go there, wth the
ntenton of returnng here." Havng sad ths, and havng performed hs
day dutes, the kng dsmssed hs mnster wth hs retnue. He sad,
"So be t" and departed, and the kng spent that nght wth Madanam,
anxous about hs approachng separaton. She too, embracng hm
frequenty, because her heart seemed to te her that he was gong to a
dstance, dd not seep a that nght.
In the mornng the kng, havng performed a hs necessary dutes,
entered a chape for the day worshp of the gods, on the pretence of
repeatng prayers. And there the god of weath appeared before hm on
hs thnkng of hm, and bowng before hm the kng craved that boon
formery promsed, n the foowng words--"O god, gve me here to-day
n accordance wth that boon, whch you promsed me, fve great ndestructbe
goden fgures of men, such that, though ther mbs may be contnuay
cut off for any desred use, those very mbs w grow agan, exacty as
-----Fe: 363.png---------------------------------------------------------
before." The god of weath sad, "Even so; be there unto thee fve such
fgures as thou desrest!" Havng sad ths, he mmedatey dsappeared.
And the kng mmedatey behed those fve great goden fgures of men
suddeny standng n the chape; then he went out deghted, and not
forgettng hs promse, he few up nto the ar and went to hs cty of
P|t.|aputra. There he was wecomed by hs mnsters, and the ctzens
and hs wves, and he remaned engaged n hs kngy dutes, whe hs heart
was far away n Pratsh|t.|hna. In the meanwhe, n Pratsh|t.|hna, that
beoved of hs entered that chape to see her ove, who had entered t ong
before. And when she entered, she dd not perceve that beoved kng
anywhere, but she behed fve ggantc goden fgures of men. When she
saw them, and dd not fnd hm, she refected n her gref--"Surey that
ove of mne was some Vdydhara or Gandharva, who bestowed upon me
these men and few away up to heaven.
"So what am I to do wth these fgures, whch are a a mere burden,
now that I am deprved of hm?" Thus refectng she asked her servants
over and over agan for news of hm, and went out and roamed a about
her doman. And she found no satsfacton anywhere, ether n the paaces,
the gardens, the chambers or other paces, but she kept amentng, greved
at beng separated from her over, ready to abandon the body.
Her attendants tred to comfort her, sayng, "Do not despar, mstress,
for he s some god roamng about at w, and when he peases, he w
return to you, far one." Wth such hope-nsprng words dd they at
ength so far consoe her that she made ths vow--"If n sx months he
does not grant me to behod hm, I w gve away a my property and
enter the fre." Wth ths promse she fortfed hersef, and remaned
every day gvng ams, thnkng on that beoved of hers. And one day,
she cut off both the arms of one of those goden men, and gave them to
the Brhmans, beng ntent on charty ony. And the next day she perceved
wth astonshment that both arms had grown agan, exacty as
they were before. Then she proceeded to cut off the arms of the others,
to gve them away, and the arms of a of them grew agan as they were
before. Then she saw that they were ndestructbe, and every day she
cut off the arms of the fgures and gave them to studous Brhmans, accordng
to the number of the Vedas they had read.
And n a few days a Brhman, named Sangrmadatta, havng heard
the fame of her bounty, whch was spread abroad n every drecton, came from
P|t.|aputra. He beng poor, but acquanted wth four Vedas, and endowed
wth vrtues, entered nto her presence desrng a gft, beng announced by the
door-keepers. She gave hm as many arms of the goden fgures as he
knew Vedas, after bowng before hm wth mbs emacated wth her vow
and pae wth separaton from her beoved. Then the Brhman, havng
-----Fe: 364.png---------------------------------------------------------
heard from her sorrow-strcken attendants the whoe of her story, endng n
that very terrbe vow, was deghted, but at the same tme despondent,
and oadng two cames wth those goden arms went to hs natve cty,
P|t.|aputra. Then that Brhman, thnkng that hs god woud not be safe
there, uness guarded by the kng, entered the kng's presence and sad to
hm, whe he was sttng n the ha of |udgment; "Here I am, O great
kng, a Brhman who am an nhabtant of thy town. I, beng poor, and
desrng weath, went to the southern cme, and arrved at a cty named
Pratsh|t.|hna, beongng to kng Narasnha. There, beng desrous of a
donaton, I went to the house of Madanam, a hetra of dstngushed
fame. For wth her there ved ong some dvne beng, who departed
somewhere or other, after gvng her fve ndestructbe fgures of men.
Then the hgh-sprted woman became affcted at hs departure, and
consderng
fe to be poson-agony, and the body, that frutess accumuaton
of deuson, to be merey a punshment for thevng, ost her patence, and
beng wth dffcuty consoed by her attendants made ths vow--"If n
the space of sx months he does not vst me, I must enter the fre, my
sou beng smtten by adversty." Havng made ths vow she, beng
resoved on death, and desrng to perform good actons, gves away every
day very arge gfts. And I behed her, kng, wth totterng feet, conspcuous
for the beauty of her person, though t was thn from fastng; wth hand
mostened wth the water of gvng, surrounded wth mads ke custerng
bees, sorey affcted, ookng ke the ncarnaton of the mast condton of
the eephant of ove.|*| And I thnk that over who deserts her, and causes
by hs absence that far one to abandon the body, deserves bame, ndeed
deserves death. She to-day gave to me, who know the four Vedas, four
goden arms of human fgures, accordng to rght usage, proportonng her
gft to the number of my Vedas. So I wsh to purfy my house wth
sacrfce, and to foow a fe of regon here; therefore et the kng grant
me protecton."
The kng Vkramdtya, hearng ths tdngs of hs beoved from the
mouth of the Brhman, had hs mnd suddeny turned towards her. And
he commanded hs door-keeper to do what the Brhman wshed, and thnkng
how constant was the affecton of hs mstress, who vaued her fe as
stubbe, and n hs mpatence supposng that she woud be abe to assst
hm n accompshng hs vow, and rememberng that the tme fxed for her
abandonng the body had amost arrved, he qucky commtted hs kngdom
to the care of hs mnsters, and fyng through the ar reached Pra-*
* Here there s an eaborate pun--kara means hand and aso proboscs--dna
gvng
and the chor that exudes from the tempes of a mast eephant. "Surrounded
wth
custerng bees" may aso mean, "surrounded wth handmads whose
consoatons
worred her."
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*tsh|t.|hna, and entered the house of hs beoved. There he behed hs
beoved, wth rament peucd ke the moonght, havng gven her weath
away to Pa|n.||d.|ts,|*| attenuated ke a dgt of the moon at the tme of ts
change. Madanam, for her part, on behodng hm arrved unexpectedy,
the quntessence of nectar to her eyes, was for a moment ke one amazed.
Then she embraced hm, and threw round hs neck the noose of her arms,
as f fearng that he woud escape agan. And she sad to hm wth a
voce, the accents of whch were choked wth tears, "Crue one, why dd
you depart and forsake my nnocent sef?" The kng sad, "Come, I w
te you n prvate," and went nsde wth her, wecomed by her attendants.
There he reveaed to her who he was, and descrbed hs crcumstances,
how he came there to conquer kng Narasnha by an artfce, and
how, after sayng Prapanchabuddh, he acqured the power of fyng n the
ar, and how he was enabed to reward her by a boon that he obtaned from
the ord of weath, and how, hearng tdngs of her from a Brhman, he
had returned there. Havng tod the whoe story begnnng wth the sub|ect
of hs vow, he agan sad to her--"So my beoved, that kng Narasnha,
beng very mghty, s not to be conquered by armes, and he contended
wth me n snge combat, but I dd not say hm, for I possess the power
of fyng n the ar, and he can ony go on the earth, for who, that s a
true Kshatrya, woud desre to conquer n an unfar combat? The ob|ect
of my vow s, that that kng may be announced by the herads as watng
at the door; do you assst me n that."
When the hetra heard ths, she sad, "I am honoured by your
request," and summonng her herads she sad to them--"When the kng
Narasnha sha come to my house, you must stand near the door wth
attentve eyes, and whe he s enterng, you must say agan and agan--
Kng, prnce Narasnha s oya and devoted to thee." And when he ooks
up and asks--"Who s here?"--you must mmedatey say to hm--
Vkramdtya s here." After gvng them these orders, she dsmssed
them, and then she sad to the femae warder--"You must not prevent kng
Narasnha from enterng here." After ssung these orders, Madanam
remaned n a state of supreme fecty, havng reganed the ord of her fe,
and gave away her weath fearessy.
Then kng Narasnha, havng heard of that profuse beraty of hers,
whch was due to her possesson of the goden fgures, though he had gven
her up, came to vst her house. And whe he entered, not beng forbdden
by the warder, a the herads shouted n a oud voce, begnnng at the
outer door, "Kng, prnce Narasnha s submssve and devoted." When
that soveregn heard that, he was angry and aarmed, and when he asked
who was there, and found out that kng Vkramdtya was there, he wated
* The word vbudha aso means gods--and the gods feed on the moon.
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a moment and went through the foowng refectons; "So ths kng has
forced hs way nto my kngdom, and carred out the vow he made ong ago,
that I shoud be announced at hs door. In truth ths kng s a man of
mght, snce he has thus beaten me to-day. And I must not say hm by
force, snce he has come aone to a house n my domnons. So I had better
enter now." Havng thus refected, kng Narasnha entered, announced
by a the herads. And kng Vkramdtya, on behodng hm enter
wth a sme on hs face, rose up aso wth smng countenance and
embraced hm. Then those two kngs sat down and enqured after one
another's wefare, whe Madanam stood by ther sde.
And n the course of conversaton Narasnha asked Vkramdtya
where he had obtaned those goden fgures. Then Vkramdtya tod
hm the whoe of that strange adventure of hs, how he had san the
base ascetc, and acqured the power of fyng through the ar, and how,
by vrtue of the boon of the god of weath, he had obtaned fve ndestructbe
ggantc goden fgures. Then kng Narasnha chose that
kng for hs frend, dscoverng that he was of great mght, that he possessed
the power of fyng, and that he had a good heart. And havng made
hm hs frend, he wecomed hm wth the prescrbed rtes of hosptaty,
and takng hm to hs own paace, he entertaned hm wth a the attentons
pad to hmsef. And kng Vkramdtya, after havng been thus honoured,
was dsmssed by hm, and returned to the house of Madanam.
Then Vkramdtya, havng accompshed hs dffcut vow by hs courage
and ntegence, determned to go to hs own cty. And Madanam,
beng unabe to reman separated from hm, was eager to accompany hm,
and wth the ntenton of abandonng her natve and, she bestowed her
dweng upon the Brhmans. Then Vkramdtya, the moon of kngs,
went wth her, whose mnd was excusvey fxed on hm, to hs own cty
of P|t.|aputra, foowed by her eephants, horses, and footmen. There he
remaned n happness, (accompaned by Madanama, who had abandoned
her own country for hs ove,) havng formed an aance wth kng Narasnha.
"Thus, kng, even hetr are occasonay of nobe character and
as fathfu to kngs as ther own wves, much more then matrons of hgh
brth." On hearng ths nobe tae from the mouth of Marubht, the kng
Naravhanadatta, and hs new wfe Ratnaprabh sprung from the gorous
race of the Vdydharas, were much deghted.
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CHAPTER XXXIX.
When Marubht had tod ths story there, the commander-n-chef
Har|'s|kha sad n the presence of Naravhanadatta--"It s true, good
women vaue nothng more than ther husbands, and n proof of t, sten
now to ths st more wonderfu tae."
Story of |'S||r.|ngabhu|a and the daughter
of the Rkshasa.
There s a cty on the earth
named Vardhamna, and n t there
dwet a kng named Vrabhu|a, chef of rghteous men. And though he
had a hundred wves, one queen of the name of Gu|n.|avar was dearer to
hm than hs fe. And n spte of hs hundred wves, t happened, as Fate
woud have t, that not one of them bore hm a son. So he asked a
physcan named |'S|rutavardhana--"Is there any medcne abe to brng
about the brth of a son?" When the physcan heard that, he sad--"Kng,
I can prepare such a medcne,|*| but the kng must procure for me a wd
goat." When he heard ths speech of the physcan's, the kng gave an
order to the warder, and had a goat brought for hm from the forest.
The physcan handed over the goat to the kng's cooks, and wth ts fesh
prepared a soveregn exr for the queens. The kng went off to worshp
hs god, after orderng the queens to assembe n one pace. And nnety-nne
of those queens dd assembe n one pace, but the queen Gu|n.|avar
aone was not present there, for she was at that tme near the kng, who
was engaged n prayng to hs god. And when they had assembed, the
physcan gave them the whoe of the exr to drnk mxed wth powder,
not percevng the absence of Gu|n.|avar . Immedatey the kng returned
wth hs beoved, havng performed hs devotons, and percevng that that
drug was competey fnshed, he sad to the physcan--"What! dd you
not keep any for Gu|n.|avar ? You have forgotten the prncpa ob|ect wth
whch ths was undertaken." After sayng ths to the abashed physcan,
the kng sad to the cooks--"Is there any of the fesh of that goat eft?"
The cooks sad, "The horns ony reman." Then the physcan sad,
"Bravo! I can make an admrabe exr out of the centre of the horns."
After sayng ths, the physcan had an exr prepared from the feshy
part of the horns, and gave t to queen Gu|n.|avar mxed wth powder.
* Compare the ch n the XVth of Mss Stokes's Indan Fary Taes, and the
pyasa n the XVIth Sarga of the Rmyana. See aso Scansche Mrchen,
page
269, and Bernhard Schmdt's Grcchscho Mrchen, pp. 104, 117 and 120. The
begnnng
of ths tae beongs to Mr. Barng-Goud's God-chd root.
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Then the nnety-nne wves of the kng became pregnant, and a the tme
brought forth sons. But the head queen Gunavar conceved ast of a,
and afterwards gave brth to a son wth more auspcous marks than the
sons of a the others. And as he was sprung from the |uce of the feshy
part of the horns, hs father, the kng, gave hm the name of |'S|rngabhu|a,
and re|oced greaty at hs brth. He grew up wth those other brothers,
and though n age he was the youngest of a, he was superor to a n
good quates. And n course of tme that prnce became ke the god of
Love n beauty, and ke Ar|una n hs sk n archery, and ke Bhma
n strength. Accordngy the other queens, seeng that queen Gunavar,
now that she had ths son, was more than ever dear to kng Vrabhu|a,
became |eaous of her.
Then an ev-mnded queen among them, named Aya|'s|oekh, deberated
wth a the others and entered nto a conspracy; and when the kng
came home one day, she exhbted an assumed sadness n her face. The
kng asked her the reason, and she sad wth apparent reuctance--"My
husband, why do you endure patenty the dsgrace of your house? you
avert dsgrace from others, why do you not avert t from yoursef? You
know the young superntendent of the women's apartments named Surakshta;
your queen Gunavar s secrety devoted to hm. Snce no man but
he can penetrate nto the women's apartments, whch are strcty watched
by guards, she assocates wth hm. And ths s a we-known sub|ect of
gossp n the whoe harem." When she sad ths to the kng, he pondered and
refected; and went and asked the other queens one after another n prvate,
and they were fathfu to ther treacherous pot, and tod hm the same
story. Then that wse kng conquered hs anger, and refected--"Ths
accusaton aganst these two s mprobabe, and yet such s the gossp. So
I must not wthout refectng revea the matter to any one; but they must
by an artfce be separated now, to enabe me to see the termnaton of the
whoe matter." Havng determned on ths, next day he summoned Surakshta,
the superntendent of the womens' apartments, nto hs |udgment-ha,
and wth assumed anger, sad to hm--"I have earned, van, that
you have san a Brhman, so I cannot endure to see your face unt you
have made a pgrmage to hoy paces." When he heard that, he was
amazed and began to murmur--"How can I have san a Brhman, my
soveregn?" But the kng went on to say; "Do not attempt to brazen t
out, but go to K|'s|mr to wash away your sn, (where are those hoy
feds, V|ayakhetra, and Nandkshetra the purfyng, and the kshetra|*| of
the Boar,) the and whch was haowed by Vshnu the bow-handed god,
where the stream of the Ganges bears the name of Vtast, where s the
* Kshetra hero means "a hoy fed" or sacred spot.
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famous Ma|n.||d.|apakshetra, and where s Uttaramnasa; when your sn
been washed away by a pgrmage to these hoy paces, you sha behod
my face agan, but not t then."
Wth ths speech the kng Vrabhu|a dsmssed the hepess Surakshta,
sendng hm to a dstance on the pretence of a pgrmage to hoy paces.
Then the kng went nto the presence of that queen Gu|n.|avar, fu of ove
and anger and sober refecton. Then she, seeng that hs mnd was
troubed, asked hm anxousy, "My husband, why are you sezed to-day
wth a sudden ft of despondency?" When the kng heard that, he gave
her ths fegned answer--"To-day, queen, a great astrooger came to me
and sad--'Kng, you must pace the queen Gu|n.|avar for some tme n a
dungeon, and you must yoursef ve a fe of chastty, otherwse your
kngdom w certany be overthrown, and she w surey de.' Havng
sad ths, the astrooger departed; hence my present despondency."
When the kng sad ths, the queen Gu|n.|avar, who was devoted to her
husband, dstracted wth fear and ove, sad to hm--"Why do you not cast
me ths very day nto a dungeon, my husband? I am hghy favoured, f I
can beneft you even at the sacrfce of my fe. Let me de, but et not
my ord have msfortune. For a husband s the chef refuge of wves n
ths word and n the next." Havng heard ths speech of hers, the kng
sad to hmsef wth tears n hs eyes; "I thnk there s no gut n her,
nor n that Surakshta, for I saw that the coour of hs face dd not change,
and he seemed wthout fear. Aas! nevertheess I must ascertan the
truth of that rumour." After refectng thus, the kng n hs gref sad to
the queen--"Then t s best that a dungeon shoud be made here, queen!"
She reped--"Very good"--so the kng had a dungeon easy of access
made n the women's apartments, and paced the queen n t. And he
comforted her son |'S|rngabhu|a, (who was n despar and asked the reason,)
by teng hm exacty what he tod the queen. And she, for her part,
thought the dungeon heaven, because t was a for the kng's good. For
good women have no peasure of ther own; to them ther husbands'
peasure s peasure.|*|
When ths had been done, that other wfe of the kng's, named Aya|'s|oekh,
sad of her own accord to her son, who was named Nrvsabhu|a,--"So,
our enemy Gu|n.|avar has been thrown nto a dungeon, and t woud be a
good
thng f her son were banshed from ths country. So, my boy, devse a
scheme wth the hep of your other brothers by whch |'S|rngabhu|a may
be qucky banshed from the country." Havng been addressed n ths
anguage by hs mother, the |eaous Nrvsabhu|a tod hs other brothers,
and contnued to ponder over a scheme.
* Ths part of the story remnds one of the Cerk's Tae n Chaucer's Canterbury
Taes.
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And one day, as the kng's sons were practsng wth ther weapons of
war, they a saw an enormous crane n front of the paace. And whe
they were ookng wth astonshment at that msshapen brd, a Buddhst
mendcant, who possessed supernatura knowedge, came that way and
sad to them--"Prnces, ths s not a crane, t s a Rkshasa named
Agn|'s|kha, who wanders about n an assumed shape destroyng towns.
So perce hm wth an arrow, that beng smtten he may depart
hence." When they heard ths speech of the mendcant's, the nnety-nne
eder brothers shot ther arrows, but not one struck the crane. Then that
naked mendcant agan sad to them--"Ths younger brother of yours,
named |'S||r.|ngabhu|a, s abe to strke ths crane, so et hm take a bow
sutabe for the purpose." When Nrvsabhu|a heard that, the treacherous
one remembered the n|uncton of hs mother, an opportunty for carryng
out whch had now arrved, and refected--"Ths w be a means of gettng
|'S||r.|ngabhu|a out of the country.|*| So et us gve hm the bow and arrow
beongng
to our father. If the crane s perced and goes off wth our father's
goden arrow stckng n t, |'S||r.|ngabhu|a w foow t, whe we are searchng
for the arrow. And when he does not fnd, n spte of hs search, that Rkshasa
transformed nto a crane, he w contnue to roam about hther and thther,
he w not come back wthout the arrow." Thus refectng, the treacherous
one gave to |'S||r.|ngabhu|a hs father's bow wth the arrow, n order that he
mght smte the crane. The mghty prnce took t and drew t, and perced
that crane wth the goden arrow, the notch of whch was made of a |ewe.
The crane, as soon as t was perced, went off wth the arrow stckng n
ts body, and fyng away departed wth drops of bood fang from the
wound. Then the treacherous Nrvsabhu|a and the other brothers, nstgated
by hs hnts, sad to the brave |'S||r.|ngabhu|a--"Gve us back the
goden arrow that beongs to our father, otherwse we w abandon our
bodes before your eyes. For uness we produce t, our father w bansh
us from ths country, and ts feow s not to be made or obtaned." When
|'S||r.|ngabhu|a heard that, he sad to those crafty ones--"Be of good cheer!
Do not be afrad--Abandon your terror! I w go and say that mserabe
Rkshasa and brng back the arrow." Havng sad ths, |'S||r.|ngabhu|a took
hs own bow and arrows, and went n the same drecton n whch the
Rkshasa had gone, qucky foowng up the track of the drops of bood,
that had faen on the ground. The other sons returned deghted to ther
mothers, and |'S||r.|ngabhu|a, as he went on step by step, at ast reached a
dstant forest. Seekng about n t, he found n the wood a great cty,
ke the frut of hs own tree of mert faen to hm n due tme for en|oy-*
* See Raston's Russan Fok-Taes, p. 80 where numerous paraes are adduced.
Cp. aso Gonzenbach's Scansche Marchen, Vo. I, p. 199.
-----Fe: 371.png---------------------------------------------------------
*ment. There he sat down at the root of a tree to rest, and as f n a
moment behed a maden of wonderfu beauty comng there, appearng to
have been made by the Creator n some strange way of ambrosa and
poson; snce by her absence she deprved of fe, and by her presence she
bestowed t. And when the maden sowy approached hm, and ooked at
hm wth an eye ranng ove, the prnce fe n ove wth her and sad to
her--"Gazee-eyed one, what s the name of ths cty, and to whom does t
beong? Who are you, and why have you come here? te me." Then
the peary-toothed mad turned her face sdeways, and fxed her eye on the
ground, and spake to hm wth sweet and ovng voce--"Ths cty s
Dhmapura, the home of a fecty; n t ves a mghty Rkshasa by
name Agn|'s|kha; know that I am hs matchess daughter, Rpa|'s|kh by
name, who have come here wth mnd captvated by your unparaeed
beauty. Now you you must te me who you are, and why you have come
here." When she sad ths, he tod her who he was, and of what kng he
was the son, and how he had come to Dhmapura for the sake of an arrow.
Then Rpa|'s|kh, havng heard the whoe story, sad--"There s no archer
ke you n the three words, snce you perced even my father wth a great
arrow, when he was n the form of a crane. And I took that goden arrow
for my own, by way of a paythng. But my father's wound was at once
heaed by the mnster Mahdansh|t.|ra, who exces a men n knowedge of
potent drugs for curng wounds. So I w go to my father, and after I
have expaned the whoe matter, I w qucky ntroduce you nto hs
presence, my husband; so I ea|**typo: ca| you, for my heart s now fuy set
upon
you."
Havng sad ths, Rpa|'s|kh eft |'S||r.|ngabhu|a there, and mmedatey
went nto the presence of her father Agn|'s|kha, and sad--"Father, there
has come here a wonderfu prnce named |'S||r.|ngabhu|a, matchess for gfts
of beauty, brth, character and age. I fee certan that he s not a man,
he s some porton of a god ncarnate here beow, so, f he does not become
my husband, I w certany abandon my fe." When she sad ths
to hm, her father the Rkshasa sad to her--"My daughter, men are our
approprate food, nevertheess, f your heart s set upon t, et t be so;
brng your prnce here, and shew hm to me." When Rpa|'s|kh heard
that, she went to |'S||r.|ngabhu|a, and after teng hm what she had done,
she took hm nto the presence of her father. He prostrated hmsef, and
Agn|'s|kha, the father of the maden, after sautng hm courteousy, sad to
hm--"Prnce, I w gve you my daughter Rpa|'s|kh, f you never
dsobey my orders." When he sad ths, |'S||r.|ngabhu|a, bendng ow,
answered hm--"Good! I w never dsobey your orders." When |'S||r.|ngabhu|a
sad ths to hm, Agn|'s|kha was peased and answered--"Rse up! Go
and bathe, and return here from the bath-room." After sayng ths to hm,
-----Fe: 372.png---------------------------------------------------------
he sad to hs daughter--"Go and brng a your ssters here qucky."
When Agnskha|**typo: Agn|'s|kha| had gven these orders to
|'S||r.|ngabhu|a and Rpa|'s|kh,
they both of them went out, after promsng to obey them.
Then the wse Rpa|'s|kh sad to |'S||r.|ngabhu|a--"My husband, I have a
hundred ssters, who are prncesses, and we are a exacty ake, wth
smar ornaments and dresses, and a of us have smar neckaces upon
our necks. So our father w assembe us n one pace, and n order to
bewder you, w say 'Choose your own ove out of the mdst of these.'
For I know that such s hs treacherous ntenton, otherwse why s he
assembng a of us here. So when we are assembed, I w put my neckace
on my head nstead of my neck, by that sgn you w recognse me;
then throw over my neck the garand of forest fowers. And ths father
of mne s somewhat sy, he has not a dscernng nteect; besdes what
s the use aganst me of those powers whch he possesses by beng a
Rkshasa?
So, whatever he says to entrap you, you must agree to, and must te
t to me, and I sha know we enough what further steps to take." Havng
sad ths, Rpa|'s|kh went to her ssters, and |'S||r.|ngabhu|a, havng
agreed to do what she sad, went to bathe. Then Rpa|'s|kh came wth her
ssters nto the presence of her father, and |'S||r.|ngabhu|a returned, after he
had
been washed by a femae servant. Then Agn|'s|kha gave a garand of forest
fowers to |'S||r.|ngabhu|a, sayng, "Gve ths to that one of these ades, who
s your own ove." He took the garand and threw t round the neck o
Rpa|'s|kh,|*| who had prevousy paced the neckace on her head by way
of token. Then Agn|'s|kha sad to Rpa|'s|kh and |'S||r.|ngabhu|a,--"I w
ceebrate your marrage ceremony to-morrow mornng."
Havng sad ths, he dsmssed those two overs and hs other
daughters to ther apartments, and n a short tme he summoned
|'S||r.|ngabhu|a
and sad ths to hm; "Take ths yoke of oxen, and go outsde
ths town, and sow n the earth the hundred khrs|*| of sesame-seed whch
are ped there n a heap." When |'S||r.|ngabhu|a heard that, he was troubed,
and he went and tod t to Rpa|'s|kh, and she answered hm as
foows--"My husband, you need not be n the east despondent about
ths, go there at once; I w easy perform ths by my magc power."
* Compare the story of "The Goden Lon" n Laura von Gonzenbach's
Scansche
Mrchen, Vo. II, p. 76, where the ady paces a whte coth round her wast.
See Dr. Kher's note on the passage. Compare aso the hnt whch Messera
gves
to her over n the Mermad, Thorpe's Yue Tde Stores, p. 198, and the
behavour of
Sngorra on page 214. See aso "The Hasty Word," Raston's Russan Fok-Taes,
p. 368, and The "Water Kng and Vasssa the Wse|**"|, p. 128; Veckenstedt's
Wendsche
Mrchen, pp. 256 and 258, and Lebrecht, Zur Vokskunde, p. 408. The
washng of the hero by a che|t.| s qute Homerc, (Odyssey XIX, 386.)
* A khr = about 3 bushes.
-----Fe: 373.png---------------------------------------------------------
When he heard ths, the prnce went there, and, seeng the sesame-seeds
n a heap, despondenty began to pough the and and sow them, but
whe he was begnnng, he saw the and poughed and a the seeds sown
n due course by the mght of hs ady-ove's magc power, and he was much
astonshed.
So he went to Agn|'s|kha, and tod hm that ths task was accompshed;
then that treacherous Rkashasa agan sad to hm--"I do not want
the seeds sown, go and pe them up agan n a heap." When he heard that,
he agan went and tod Rpa|'s|kh. She sent hm to that fed, and created
nnumerabe ants,* and by her magc power made them gather together
the sesame-seeds. When |'S|rngabhu|a saw that, he went and tod Agn|'s|kha
that the seeds had been ped up agan n a heap.
Then the cunnng but stupd Agn|'s|kha sad to hm--"Ony two
yo|anas from ths pace, n a southery drecton, there s an empty tempe of
|'S|va n a wood. In t ves my dear brother Dhma|'s|kha--go there at once,
and say ths n front of the tempe, 'Dhmaskha, I am sent by Agn|'s|kha
as a messenger to nvte you and your retnue: come qucky, for to-morrow
the ceremony of Rpa|'s|kh's marrage s to take pace.' Havng sad ths,
come back here to-day wth speed, and to-morrow marry my daughter
Rpa|'s|kh." When |'S|rngabhu|a was thus addressed by the rasca, he
sad--"So be t"--and went and recounted the whoe to Rpa|'s|kh. The
good gr gave hm some earth, some water, some thorns, and some fre, and
her own feet horse, and sad to hm--"Mount ths horse and go to that
tempe, and qucky repeat that nvtaton to Dhma|'s|kha as t was tod to
you, and then you must at once return on ths horse at fu gaop, and
you must often turn your head and ook round; and f you see Dhma|'s|kha
comng after you, you must throw ths earth behnd you n hs way;
f n spte of that, Dhma|'s|kha pursues you, you must n the same manner
fng the water behnd you n hs path; f n spte of that he comes on,
you must n ke manner throw these thorns n hs way. If n spte of
* Compare the way n whch Psyche separated the seeds n the Goden Ass of
Apueus, Lb. VI. cap X, and the tasks n Grmm's Mrchen, Nos. 62, 186, and
193. A
smar ncdent s found n a Dansh Tae, Swend's Expots, p. 353 of Thorpe's
Yue-Tde
Stores. Before the kng w aow Swend to marry the prncess, he gves hm a
task exacty resembng the one n our text. He s tod to separate seven barres
of wheat
and seven barres of rye, whch are yng n one heap. The ants do t for hm,
because
he had on a former occason crumbed hs bread for them. See aso the story of
the
beautfu Carda, Gonzenbaeh's Scansche Mrchen, p. 188. The hero has frst
to eat
a cear fu of beans; ths he accompshes by means of the kng of the ravens,
hs
brother-n-aw. He next dsposes of a muttude of corpses by means of another
brother-n-aw, the kng of the wd beasts; he then stuffs a arge number of
mattresses
wth feathers by the hep of a thrd brother-n-aw, the kng of the brds. See
aso
Mss Stokes's Indan Fary Taes, Tao XXII, and the note at the end of ths
chapter.
-----Fe: 374.png---------------------------------------------------------
them he pursues, throw ths fre n hs way; and f you do ths, you w
return here wthout the Datya; so do not hestate--go, you sha to-day
behod the power of my magc."--When she sad ths to hm, |'S||r.|ngabhu|a
took the earth and the other thngs and sad, "I w do so," and mountng
her horse went to the tempe n the wood. There he saw an mage
of |'S|va, wth one of Prvat on hs eft and one of Gane|'s|a on hs rght,
and, after bowng before the Lord of the Unverse,|*| he qucky addressed
to Dhma|'s|kha the form of nvtaton tod hm by Agn|'s|kha, and fed
from the pace at fu speed, urgng on hs horse. And he soon turned
hs head and ooked round, and he behed Dhma|'s|kha comng after hm.
And he qucky threw that earth behnd hm n hs way, and the earth, so
fung, mmedatey produced a great mountan. When he saw that the
Rkshasa had, though wth dffcuty, cmbed over that mountan, and was
comng on, the prnce n the same way threw the water behnd hm. That
produced a great rver n hs path wth rong waves: the Rkshasa wth
dffcuty got across t and was comng on, when |'S|rngabhu|a qucky
strewed those thorns behnd hm. They produced a dense thorny wood n
Dhma|'s|kha's path. When the Rkshasa emerged from t, the prnce threw
the fre behnd hm, whch set on fre the path wth the herbs and the trees.
When Dhma|'s|kha saw that the fre was hard to cross, ke Khndava,|*| he
returned
home, tred and terrfed. For on that occason the Rkshasa was
so bewdered by the magc of Rpa|'s|kh that he went and returned on hs
feet, he dd not thnk of fyng through the ar.
Then |'S||r.|ngabhu|a returned to Dhmapura, free from fear, commendng
n hs heart that dspay of hs ove's magc power. He gave up the
horse to the deghted Rpa|'s|kh, and reated hs adventure, and then
went n to the presence of Agn|'s|kha. He sad, "I went and nvted your
brother Dhma|'s|kha." When he sad ths, Agn|'s|kha beng perpexed, sad
to hm--"If you reay went there, menton some pecuarty of the pace."
When the crafty Rkshasa sad ths to |'S||r.|ngabhu|a, he answered
hm--"Lsten,
I w te you a token: n that tempe there s a fgure of Prvat
on the eft sde of |'S|va, and of Gane|'s|a on hs rght." When Agn|'s|kha
heard that, he was astonshed and thought for a moment--"What! dd he
go there, and was my brother not abe to devour hm? Then he cannot
be a mere man, he must be a god, so et hm marry my daughter, as he s a
fttng match for her." After thus refectng, he sent |'S||r.|ngabhu|a as a
successfu sutor to Rpaskha, but he never suspected that there was a
trator n hs own famy. So |'S||r.|ngabhu|a went, eager for hs marrage,
and after eatng and drnkng wth her, managed somehow to get through
* . e. |'S|va.
* A forest n Kurukshetra sacred to Indra and burnt by Agn the god of fre wth
the hep of Ar|una and Krsh|n.|a.
-----Fe: 375.png---------------------------------------------------------
the nght. And the next mornng Agn|'s|kha gave to hm Rpa|'s|kh wth
a the magnfcence approprate to hs magc power, accordng to due form,
n the presence of the fre. Ltte n common have Rkshasas' daughters
and prnces, and strange the unon of such! Wonderfu ndeed are the
resuts of our deeds n a prevous state of exstence! The prnce, after
he had obtaned that beoved daughter of the Rkshasa, seemed ke a
swan who had got hod of a soft otus, sprung from mud. And he remaned
there wth her, who was devoted to hm aone, en|oyng varous danty
deghts provded by the magc power of the Rkshasa.
When some days had passed there, he sad n secret to the Rkshasa's
daughter, "Come, my beoved, et us return to the cty of Vardhamna.
For that s my capta cty, and I cannot endure to be banshed from my
capta cty by my enemes, for peope ke mysef hod honour dear as fe.
So eave for my sake the and of your brth, though t s hard to eave;
nform your father, and brng that goden arrow n your hand." When
|'S||r.|ngabhu|a sad ths to Rpa|'s|kh, she answered--"I must mmedatey
obey your command. I care not for the and of my brth, nor for my
reatves, you are a those to me.|*| Good women have no other refuge
than ther husbands. But t w never do to communcate our ntenton
to my father, for he woud not et us go. So we must depart wthout that
hot-tempered father of mne knowng of t. And f he hears from the
attendants and comes after us, I w bewder hm by my knowedge, for
he s senseess and ke an dot." When he heard ths speech of hers, he
set out deghted on the next day, wth her who gave hm the haf of her
kngdom, and fed a casket wth prceess |ewes, and brought that goden
arrow; and they both mounted her spendd horse |'S|aravega,|*| havng
deceved the attendants by representng that they were gong for a peasure
excurson n the park, and |ourneyed towards Vardhamna.
When the coupe had gone a ong dstance, the Rkshasa Agn|'s|kha
found t out, and n wrath pursued after them through the ar. And hearng
afar off the nose produced by the speed of hs fght, Rpa|'s|kh sad
to |'S||.r|ngabhu|a on the road, "My husband, my father has come to make
us turn back, so reman here wthout fear: see how I w deceve hm.
For he sha nether see you nor the horse, snce I sha concea both by
my deudng power." After sayng ths, she got down from the horse and
assumed by her deudng power the form of a man.|*| And she sad to a
woodcutter, who had come to the forest to cut wood--"A great Rkshasa
* |Greek: "Ektor, atar su mo eoo patr ka potna mtr
de kasgntos, su de mo thaeros parakots.|
* I.e., ke an arrow n speed.
* For ths part of the story see Scansche Mrchen, No 14, wth Dr. Kher's
note.
-----Fe: 376.png---------------------------------------------------------
s comng here, so reman quet for a moment." Then she contnued to cut
wood wth hs axe. And |'S||r.|ngabhu|a ooked on wth a sme on hs face.
In the meanwhe that foosh Rkshasa arrved there, and ghted down
from the ar, on behodng hs daughter n the shape of a woodcutter, and
asked her whether she had seen a man and woman pass that way. Then
hs daughter, who had assumed the form of a man, sad wth great effort
as f tred, "We two have not seen any coupe, as our eyes are fatgued
wth to, for we two woodcutters have been occuped here n cuttng a great
quantty of wood to burn Agn|'s|kha the kng of the Rkshasas, who s dead."
When that sy Rkshasa heard that, he thought, "What! am I dead?
What then does that daughter matter to me? I w go and ask my own
attendants at home whether I am dead or not."|*| Thus refectng, Agn|'s|kha
went qucky home, and hs daughter set out wth her husband as
before, aughng as she went.
And soon the Rkshasa returned n hgh sprts, for he had asked hs
attendants, who coud not hep aughng n ther seeves, whether he was
ave, and had earned that he was. Then Rpa|'s|kh, knowng from the
terrbe nose that he was comng agan, though as yet far off, got down
from the horse and conceaed her husband as before by her deudng power,
and takng etters from the hand of a etter-carrer, who was comng aong
the road, she agan assumed the form of a man.
And so the Rkshasa arrved as before, and asked hs daughter, who
was dsgused as a man--"Dd you see a man and a woman on the road?"
Then she, dsgused as a man, answered hm wth a sgh,--"I behed
no such person, for my mnd was absorbed wth my haste, for Agn|'s|kha,
who was to-day mortay wounded n batte, and has ony a tte breath
eft n hs body, and s n hs capta desrng to make over hs kngdom,
has despatched me as a messenger to summon to hs presence hs brother
Dhma|'s|kha, who s vng an ndependent fe." When Agn|'s|kha heard
that, he sad, "What! am I mortay wounded by my enemes?" And
n hs perpexty he returned agan home to get nformaton on the pont.
But t never occurred to hm to say to hmsef--"Who s mortay
wounded? Here I am safe and sound." Strange are the foos that the
Creator produces, and wonderfuy obscured wth the quaty of darkness!
* Compare the story of "de kuge Ese," the 34th n Grmm's Knder-und Haus-
mrchen,
where the herone has a doubt about her own dentty and goes home to ask
her husband, and No. 59 n the same coecton. Cp. aso Campbe's Taes from
the
West Hghands, Vo. II, p. 375, where one man s persuaded that he s dead,
another
that he s not hmsef, another that he s dressed when he s naked. See aso
the
numerous paraes gven n Raston's Russan Fok-Taes, p. 54., Lebrecht (Zur
Vokskunde, p. 128) mentons a story n whch a woman persuades her
husband, that
he s dead.
-----Fe: 377.png---------------------------------------------------------
And when he arrved at home and found that the tae was fase, he woud not
expose hmsef agan to the aughter of the peope, tred of beng mposed
upon, and forgettng hs daughter. And Rpa|'s|kh, after deudng hm,
returned to her husband as before, for vrtuous women know of no other
good than the good of ther husbands. Then |'S||r.|ngabhu|a, mounted on
the wonderfu horse, agan proceeded rapdy wth hs wfe towards the
cty of Vardhamna. Then hs father Vrabhu|a, havng heard that he
was returnng n company wth her, went out much peased to meet hm.
The kng, when he saw hm adorned wth that wfe, ke Krsh|n.|a wth
Bhm, consdered that he had ganed afresh the bss of soveregn sway.
And when hs son got down from hs horse, and cung to hs feet wth hs
beoved, he rased hm up and embraced hm, and wth hs eye, n whch
stood the water of |oyfu tears, performed n nobe wse the auspcous
ceremony that put an end to hs own despondency, and then conducted
hm nto hs paace, makng hgh festva. And when he asked hs son
where he had been, |'S||r.|ngabhu|a tod hm hs whoe hstory from the
begnnng. And after summonng hs brothers, Nrvsabhu|a and a, nto
hs father's presence, he gave them the goden arrow. Then the kng
Vrabhu|a, after what he had heard and seen, was dspeased wth those
other sons, and consdered |'S||r.|ngabhu|a hs ony true son.
Then that wse kng drew ths true concuson--"I suspect that, as
ths son of mne out of spte was banshed by these enemes, brothers ony
n name, though he was a the whe nnocent, so hs mother Gu|n.|avar,
whom I ove so we, was fasey accused by ther mothers, and was a the
whe nnocent. So what s the use of deay? I w fnd out the truth of
t mmedatey." After these refectons, the kng spent that day n performng
hs dutes, and went at nght to sft hs other wfe Aya|'s|oekh. She
was deghted to see hm, and he made her drnk a great quantty of wne, and
she n her seep murmured out, whe the kng was awake--"If we had not
fasey sandered Gu|n.|avar, woud the kng ever have vsted me here?"|*|
When the kng heard ths speech of the wcked queen uttered n her seep, he
fet he had attaned certanty, and rose up n wrath and went out; and
gong to hs own chamber, he had the eunuchs summoned, and sad to them;
"Take that Gu|n.|avar out of the dungeon, and after she has bathed brng
her qucky; for the present moment was apponted by the astrooger as
the mt of her stay n the dungeon for the purpose of avertng the ev
omens." When they heard that, they sad, "So be t," and they went
and qucky brought the queen Gu|n.|avar nto the presence of the kng,
bathed and adorned. Then that wedded par, happy n havng crossed the
* Readng avadshyma. I fnd that ths s the readng of a MS. n the Sansk|r.|t
Coege.
-----Fe: 378.png---------------------------------------------------------
sea of separaton, spent that nght unsated wth mutua embraces. Then
the kng reated to the queen wth deght that adventure of |'S||r.|ngabhu|a's,
and tod hs son the crcumstances of hs mother's mprsonment
and reease. In the meanwhe Aya|'s|oekh, wakng up, found out that the
kng was gone, and guessng that he had entrapped her wth hs conversaton,
fe nto deep despondency. And n the mornng the kng Vrabhu|a
conducted hs son |'S||r.|ngabhu|a, wth hs wfe Rpa|'s|kh, nto the
presence of Gu|n.|avar. He came, and was deghted to behod hs mother
emerged from the dungeon, and wth hs new wfe he worshpped the feet
of hs parents. Gu|n.|avar, embracng her son, who had returned from hs
|ourney, and her daughter-n-aw, obtaned n the way above reated, went
from |oy to |oy. Then by the order of hs father, |'S||r.|ngabhu|a reated to
her at ength hs own adventure, and what Rpa|'s|kh dd. Then queen
Gu|n.|avar deghted, sad to hm, "My son, what has not that Rpa|'s|kh
done for you? For she, a herone of wonderfu expots, has gven up and
sacrfced for you her fe, her famy, her natve and, these three. She
must be some goddess, become ncarnate for your sake by the appontment
of Destny. For she has paced her foot on the head of a women that are
devoted to ther husbands." When the queen had sad ths, the kng appauded
her speech, and so dd Rpa|'s|kh wth head modesty bent. |ust
at that moment the superntendent of the womens' apartments, Surakshta,
who had been ong ago sandered by that Aya|'s|oekh, returned from
vstng a the hoy bathng paces. He was announced by the door-keeper,
and bowed deghted at the kng's foot, and then the kng, who
now knew the facts, honoured hm exceedngy. And by hs mouth he
summoned the other queens who were wcked, and sad to hm--"Go!
fng a these nto the dungeon." When the queen Gu|n.|avar heard that,
and the terrfed women were thrown nto the dungeon, she sad out of
compasson to the kng, cngng to hs feet, "Kng, do not keep them for
a ong tme n the dungeon! Have mercy, for I cannot bear to see them
terrfed." By thus entreatng the kng she prevented ther mprsonment,
for the ony vengeance that the great make use of aganst ther enemes
s compasson. Then those queens, dsmssed by the kng, went ashamed to
ther houses, and woud even have preferred to have been n the embrace
of death. And the kng thought hghy of the great-hearted Gu|n.|avar, and
consdered, because he possessed that wfe, that he must have accompshed
vrtuous acts n a former state of exstence. Then the kng, determnng
to bansh hs other sons by an artfce, had them summoned, and spake to
them ths fegned speech--"I have heard that you vans have san a
Brhman traveer, so go and vst a the hoy bathng-paces n successon,
do not reman here." When the sons heard that, they were not abe to
persuade the kng of the truth, for when a ruer s bent on voence, who
-----Fe: 379.png---------------------------------------------------------
can convnce hm? Then |'S||r.|ngabhu|a, behodng those brothers departng,
wth hs eyes fu of tears produced by pty, thus addressed hs father.
"Father, pty ther one faut, have mercy upon them." Havng sad ths,
he fe at the feet of that kng. And the kng, thnkng that that son was
abe to bear the burden of soveregnty, beng even n hs youth ke an
ncarnaton of Vsh|n.|u, fu of gory and compasson, hdng hs rea sentments
and chershng hs anger aganst them, nevertheess dd what |'S||r.|ngabhu|a
asked. And a those brothers consdered ther younger brother as
the savour of ther ves. And a the sub|ects, behodng the exceedng
vrtue of |S.||r.|ngabhu|a, became attached to hm.
Then the next day, hs father, kng Vrabhu|a, anonted as crown-prnce
|'S||r.|ngabhu|a, who was the odest n vrtue of them a, though he
had eder brothers. And then |'S||r.|ngabhu|a, havng been anonted and
havng
obtaned the eave of hs father, went wth a hs forces to conquer
the word. And havng brought back the weath of numerous kngs, whom
he overcame by the mght of hs arm, he returned, havng dffused the
spendour of hs gory through a the earth. Then bearng the weght
of the ream wth hs submssve brothers, the successfu prnce
|'S||r.|ngabhu|a,
gvng peasure to hs parents, who remaned n the en|oyment of
comfort free from anxety, and bestowng gfts on Brhmans, dwet at
ease wth Rpa|'s|kh as f wth ncarnate success.
"Thus vrtuous women serve ther husbands n every way, devoted to
them aone, ke Gu|n.|avar, and Rpa|'s|kh, the mother-n-aw and
daughter-n-aw."
When Naravhanadatta, n the socety of Ratnaprabh, heard ths
story from the ps of Har|'s|kha, he was much deghted and excamed,
"Bravo!" Then he rose up, and qucky performed the regous ceremony
for the day, and went wth hs wfe nto the presence of hs father, the
kng of Vatsa, and after eatng, and whng away the afternoon wth
sngng and payng, he spent the nght wth hs beoved n hs own prvate
apartments.
Note on Chapter XXXIX.
In a Norwegan tae, caed "The Wdow's Son," page 295 of Thorpe's Yue-Tde
Stores, w be found an ncdent cosey resembng the pursut of
|'S||r.|ngabhu|a by
Dhma|'s|kha. The wdow's son has, contrary to the orders of a Tro, n whose
house he found hmsef, entered severa chambers, n one of whch he found a
thorn-whp,
n another a huge stone, and a water-botte. In the thrd he found a bong
copper kette, wth whch he scaded hs fnger, but the Tro cured t wth a pot
of
ontment. In the fourth room he found a back horse n a sta, wth a trough of
burnng embers at ts head, and a basket of hay at ts ta. The youth thought
ths
crue, so he changed ther poston. The horse, to reward hm, nformed hm
that the
-----Fe: 380.png---------------------------------------------------------
Tro on hs return woud certany k hm, and then contnued, "Lay the sadde
on me, put on the armour, and take the whp of thorn, the stone, and the water-
fask
and the pot of ontment, and then we w set out." When the youth mounted
the
horse, t set off at a rapd rate. After rdng some tme, the horse sad--"I thnk I
hear a nose; ook round, can you see anythng?" "A great many are comng
after
us, certany a score at east," answered the youth. "Ah! that s the Tro," sad
the horse, he s comng wth a hs companons." They traveed for a tme unt
ther pursuers were ganng on them. "Throw now the thorn whp over your
shouder,"
sad the horse,--"but throw t far away from me." The youth dd so, and at
the same moment there sprang up a arge thck wood of brars. The youth now
rode on a ong way, whe the Tro had to go home to fetch somethng
wherewth to
hew a road through the wood. After some tme the horse agan sad, "Look
back,
can you see anythng now?" "Yes, a whoe muttude of peope" sad the youth,
"ke a church congregaton." "That s the Tro, now he has got more wth hm,
throw out now the arge stone, but throw t far from me." When the youth had
done
what the horse desred, there arose a arge stone mountan behnd them. So
the Tro
was obged to go home after somethng wth whch to bore through the
mountan;
and whe he was thus empoyed, the youth rode on a consderabe way. But
now the
horse bade hm agan ook back; he then saw a muttude ke a whoe army,
they
were so brght, that they gttered n the sun. "We that s the Tro wth a hs
frends," sad the horse. "Now throw the water-botte behnd you, but take good
care to sp none on me." The youth dd so, but notwthstandng hs cauton he
happened
to sp a drop on the horse's ons. Immedatey there arose a vast ake, and
the spng of a few drops caused the horse to stand far out n the water;
nevertheess
he at ast swam to the shore. When the Tros came to the water, they ay down
to
drnk t a up, and they guped and guped t down t they burst. (Fok-ore
demons experence
great dffcuty n crossng water.) "Now we are qut of them," sad
the horse.
In Laura von Gonzenbach's Scansche Mrchen, Vo. II, p. 57, we fnd a
smar ncdent. In the story of Fata Morgana, a prnce, who carres off a botte
fed wth her perspraton, but mprudenty wakes her by kssng her, s
pursued
by her wth two ons. He throws three pomegranates behnd hm: the frst
produces a rver of bood, the second a thorny mountan, the thrd a vocano.
Ths he
does by the advce of hs horse, who s reay Fata Morgana's brother
transformed
by magc: see aso Vo. I, p. 343; cp. aso the 79th tae n Grmm's Knder und
Hausmrchen (sxteenth edton n one voume) De Wassernxe.
In Orent und Occdent, Vo. II, p. 113, Dr. Renhod Kher, n hs remarks on
the West Hghand Stores coected by |. F. Campbe, compares the story of
Agn-|'s|kha
wth the second story n Campbe's coecton, entted: "The Batte of the
Brds."
In ths a kng's son wshes to marry the youngest daughter of a gant. The gant
sets hm three tasks to do; to cean out a stabe, to thatch t wth feathers, and
to fetch
eggs from a magpe's nest n the top of a tree more than fve hundred feet
hgh. A
these tasks he accompshes by the hep of the young ady hersef. In the ast
task
she makes a adder of her fngers for hm to ascend the tree by, but n so dong
she
oses her tte fnger. The gant requres the prnce to choose hs wfe from
among
three ssters smary dressed. He recognzes her by the oss of the tte fnger.
When bed-tme came, the gant's daughter tod the prnce that they must fy,
or the
gant woud k hm. They mounted on the gray fy n the stabe. But before
start-*
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*ng the daughter cut an appe nto nne shares; she put two at the head of the
bed,
two at the foot, two at the door of the ktchen, two at the house-door, and one
outsde
the house. The gant awoke and caed "Are you aseep?" severa tmes, and the
shares answered "No." At ast he went and found the bed empty and cod, and
pursued the fugtve coupe. At the break of day the gant's daughter fet her
father's
breath burnng her back. She tod the prnce to put hs hand n the horse's ear,
and
fng what he found behnd hm. He found a sprg of soe, fung t behnd hm,
and
produced a wood twenty mes ong. The gant had to go back for hs axe and
wood-knfe.
In the mdde of the day the prnce fnds n the ear of the fy a pece of
gray stone. Ths produces twenty mes of gray rock behnd them. The gant has
to go back for hs ever and mattock. The next thng, that the prnce fnds and
fngs behnd hm, s a badder of water. Ths produces a fresh-water och
twenty
mes broad. In t the gant s happy drowned. The rest of the story has no
bearng
upon the tae of |'S||r.|rngabhu|a. Kher compares a story n Wam Careton's
stores of the Irsh peasantry. Here there s a sprg, a pebbe and a drop of
water
producng a wood, a rock and a ake. He compares aso a Norwegan story,
Ashb|rnsen,
No. 46, and some Swedsh stores coected by Hyten Cavaus and
G. Stephens. The three tasks are very dfferent n the dfferent forms of the
tae.
The adder of fngers s ony found s the Cetc form.
It s ony n the Gaec and Irsh forms that the ob|ects thrown behnd to check
pursut are found n the ear of the horse.
In the atter form of the story of the Mermad, Thorpe's Yue-Tde Stores, p.
205,
we have the pursut wth much the same ncdents as n our text. See aso
Raston's
remarks on the story n our text at pp. 132 and 143 of hs Russan Fok-Taes.
Cp.
aso Veckenstedt's Wendsche Sagen, p. 216. An Indan parae w be found n
Mss Frere's Od Deccan Days, pp. 62 and 63. A Modern Greek one n Bernhard
Schmdt's Grechsche Mrchen, pp. 76-79.
CHAPTER XL.
Then, the next mornng, when Naravhanadatta was n Ratnaprabh's
house, Gomukha and the others came to hm. But Marubht, beng a
tte suggsh wth ntoxcaton produced by drnkng sprts, approached
sowy, decorated wth fowers, and anonted wth unguents. Then
Gomukha, wth face amused at hs nove concepton of statesman-ke
behavour, out of fun rdcued hm by mtatng hs stammerng utterance
and staggerng gat, and sad to hm, "How comes t that you, though
the son of Yaugandharya|n.|a, do not know pocy, that you drnk sprts
n the mornng, and come drunk nto the presence of the prnce? When the
ntoxcated Marubht heard ths, he sad to hm n hs anger, "Ths
shoud be sad to me by the prnce or some superor. But, te me, who are
you that you take upon you to nstruct me, you son of Ityaka?" When
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he sad ths, Gomukha reped to hm smng, "Do prnces reprove wth ther
own mouths an -behaved servant? Undoubtedy ther attendants must
remnd hm of what s proper. And t s true that I am the son of Ityaka,
but you are an ox of mnsters,|*| your suggshness aone woud show t;
the ony faut s that you have no horns." When Gomukha sad ths to hm
Marubht answered, "You too, Gomukha, have much of the ox-nature
about you; but you are ceary of mxed breed, for you are not propery
domestcated." When a aughed at hearng ths, Gomukha sad, "Ths
Marubht s teray a |ewe, for who can ntroduce the thread of vrtue|*|
nto that whch cannot be perced even by a thousand efforts? But a
|ewe of a man s a dfferent knd of thng, for that s easy penetrated;
as an ustraton sten to the story of the brdge of sand."
Story of Tapodatta.
There ved n Prats|t.|hna a
Brhman of the name of Tapodatta.
He, though hs father kept worryng hm, woud not earn the scences n
hs boyhood. Subsequenty he found hmsef censured by a, and beng
fed wth regret, he went to the bank of the Ganges, n order to perform
ascetcsm for the acquston of knowedge. There he betook hmsef to
severe mortfcaton of the fesh, and whe he was thus engaged, Indra,
who had behed hm wth astonshment, came to hm to prevent hm, dsgused
as a Brhman. And when he had come near hm, he kept takng
grans of sand from the bank, and throwng them nto the bowy water of
the Ganges. When Tapodatta saw that, he broke hs sence, and asked
hm out of curosty--"Brhman, why do you do ths unceasngy?" And
Indra, dsgused as a Brhman, when he had been persstenty questoned
by hm, sad, "I am makng a brdge over the Ganges for man and beast
to cross by." Then Tapodatta sad, "You foo, s t possbe to make a
brdge over the Ganges wth sand, whch w be carred away at some
future tme by the current?" When Indra, dsgused as a Brhman, heard
that, he sad to hm--"If you know ths truth, why do you attempt to
acqure knowedge by vows and fastng, wthout readng or hearng ectures?
The horn of a hare|*| may reay exst, and the sky may be adorned wth
pantng,
and wrtng may be performed wthout etters, f earnng may be
acqured wthout study. If t coud be so acqured, no one n ths word
woud study at a." When Indra, dsgused as a Brhman, had sad ths
to Tapodatta, Tapodatta refected, and thnkng that he had spoken truth,
put a stop to hs sef-mortfcaton, and went home.
* I. e. a great or dstngushed mnster. "Bu" s more tera than "ox," but
does not sut the Engsh dom so we. Gomukha means Ox-face.
* Gu|n.|a means vrtue and aso a thread.
* I read rpam for rpyam.
-----Fe: 383.png---------------------------------------------------------
"So, you see, a wse man s easy made to sten to reason, but the
foosh Marubht cannot be nduced to sten to reason, but when you
admonsh hm, he fes nto a passon." When Gomukha sad ths, Harskha
sad before the company--"It s true, O kng, that the wse are easy
nduced to sten to reason."
Story of Vrpa|'s|arman.
For nstance, there ved of od
tme n Benares a certan exceent
Brhman, named Vrpa|'s|arman, who was deformed and poor. And he,
beng despondent about hs msshapen form and hs poverty, went to the
grove of ascetcs there, and began to practse severe mortfcaton of the
fesh, through desre for beauty and weath. Then the kng of the gods|*|
assumed the ve shape of a deformed |acka wth a dseased body, and
went and stood n front of hm. When he saw that unfortunate|*| creature
wth ts body covered wth fes, Vrpa|'s|arman sowy refected n hs
mnd,--"Such creatures are born nto the word on account of actons done
n a former fe, so s t a sma thng for me that I was not made thus by
the Creator? Who can overstep the ot prescrbed by destny?" When
Vrpa|'s|arman perceved ths, he brought hs sef-mortfcaton to an end and
went home.
"So true s t, O kng, that a wse man s nstructed wth tte effort,
but one, whose mnd s vod of dscernment, s not nstructed even wth
great exerton." Thus spoke Har|'s|kha, and Gomukha assented, but
Marubht,
who was drunk and dd not understand a |oke, sad n great anger,
"There s power n the speech of Gomukha, but there s no mght n the
arms of men ke you. A garruous, quarresome, effemnate person makes
heroes bush." When Marubht sad ths, beng eager for a fght, kng
Naravhanadatta, wth a sme on hs face, hmsef tred to appease hm, and
after dsmssng hm to hs house, the kng, who oved the frends of hs
youth, performed the dutes of the day, and so spent t n great comfort.
And the next day, when a these mnsters came, and among them Marubht
bowed down wth shame, hs beoved Ratnaprabh spake thus to the
prnce: "You, my husband, are very fortunate n that you have these
pure-hearted mnsters bound to you by the fetters of a ove datng from
eary chdhood, and they are happy n possessng such an affectonate
master; you have been ganed by one another through actons n a former
state of exstence; of that there can be no doubt." When the queen sad
ths, Tapantaka the son of Va|s.|antaka, the companon n amusements of
Naravhanadatta, remarked--"It s true; our master has been ganed by
our actons n a former fe. For every thng depends upon the power of
actons n a former fe--Hear n ustraton of t the foowng tae."
* I e. Indra.
* Lteray "havng no auspcous marks."
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Story of kng Vsa|'s|a and the
physcan Taru|n.|achandra.
There dwet n a cty named
Vsapura, the home of |'S|va, a kng
rghty named Vsa|'s|a.|*| He had a queen named Kamaaprabh, whom
he vaued as hs fe, and he ong remaned wth her addcted to peasure
ony. Then n course of tme there came upon the kng od age, the thef
of beauty, and when he behed t, he was sorey greved. He thought to
hmsef--"How can I shew to the queen my face marred wth grey hars
ke a snow-smtten otus? Aas! t s better that I shoud de." Bused
wth refectons ke these, the kng summoned nto hs ha of audence a
physcan named Taru|n.|achandra|*| and thus spake to hm respectfuy--"My
good man, because you are cever and devoted to me, I ask you
whether there s any artfce by whch ths od age can be averted. When
Taru|n.|achandra, who was rghty named as beng ony of the magntude of
one dgt, and desrng to become a fu moon, heard that, the cunnng feow
refected--"I must make my proft out of ths bockhead of a kng,
and I sha soon dscover the means of dong t." Havng thus refected,
the physcan sad to the kng: "If you w reman n an underground
chamber aone, O kng, for eght months, and take ths medcne, I engage
to remove your od age." When the kng heard ths, he had such an
underground chamber prepared, for foos ntent on ob|ects of sense cannot
endure refecton. But the mnsters used arguments ke the foowng
wth hm--"O kng, by the goodness and ascetcsm and sef-dena of
men of od tme, and by the vrtue of the age, exrs were produced. But
these forest remedes,|*| whch we hear of now, O kng, owng to the want
of proper materas, produce the opposte effect to that whch s ntended,
and ths s qute n accordance wth the treatses; for rogues do n ths
way make sport wth foos. Does tme past ever return, O kng?"--St
these arguments dd not penetrate nto hs sou, for t was encased n the
thck armour of voent sensua desre. And n accordance wth the advce
of that physcan, he entered that underground chamber aone, excudng
the numerous retnue that usuay wats upon a kng. And aone wth
one servant beongng to that physcan, he made hmsef a save to the
takng of drugs and the rest of the treatment. And the kng remaned
there n that dark subterranean den, whch seemed as f t were the
overfowng,
through abundance, of the gnorance of hs heart. And after the
kng had spent sx months n that underground chamber, that wcked
physcan, seeng that hs senty had ncreased, brought a certan young
* I. e. Fond of en|oyment.
* I. e. "New moon."
* I suppose ths must mean "prepared of the fesh of wd goats." A MS. n the
Sanskrt Coege reads ramyn "peasant."
-----Fe: 385.png---------------------------------------------------------
man who resembed hm n appearance, wth whom he had agreed that he
woud make hm kng. Then he dug a tunne nto that underground
chamber from a dstance, and after kng the kng n hs seep, he brought
hs corpse out by the underground passage, and threw t nto a dark we.
A ths was done at nght. And by the same tunne he ntroduced that
young man nto the underground chamber, and cosed that tunne. What
audacous wckedness w not a ow feow, who s hed n check by no
restrants, commt, when he gets a favourabe chance of practsng upon
foos? Then, the next day, the physcan sad to a the sub|ects,--"Ths
kng has been made young agan by me n sx months, and n two months
hs form w be changed agan--So show yourseves to hm now at a tte
dstance." Thus he spake, and brought them a to the door of the underground
chamber, and shewed them to the young man, teng hm at the
same tme ther names and occupatons. By ths artfce he kept nstructng
that young man n the underground chamber n the names of a the
sub|ects every day for two months, not exceptng even the nhabtants of
the harem.
And when a fttng tme came, he brought the young man, after he
had been we fed,|*| out of the subterranean chamber, sayng, "Ths kng
has become young agan." And then the young man was surrounded
by the deghted sub|ects, who excamed "Ths s our own kng restored
by drugs." Then the young man, havng thus obtaned the kngdom,
bathed, and performed wth much peasure by the hep of hs mnsters
the kngy dutes. And from that tme forth he ved n much fecty,
transactng rega busness, and sportng wth the ades of the harem, havng
obtaned the name of A|ara.|*| And a the sub|ects consdered that
he was ther former kng transformed by drugs, not guessng the truth,
and not suspectng the proceedngs of the physcan. And kng A|ara,
havng ganed over the sub|ects and the queen Kamaaprabh, by knd
treatment, en|oyed the roya fortune together wth hs frends. Then he
summoned a frend caed Bhesha|achandra and another caed
Padmadr|'s|ana,
and made both of them ke hmsef, satsfyng them wth gfts
of eephants, horses, and vages. And he honoured the physcan
Taru|n.|achandra on account of the advancement he had conferred on hm,
but he dd not repose confdence n hm because hs sou had faen from
truth and vrtue.
And once on a tme the physcan of hs own moton sad to the kng,
"Why do you make me of no account and act ndependenty? Have
you forgotten the occason on whch I made you kng?" When kng
* Pushta s a mstake for pushta, see Bhtngk and Roth s. v.
* I. e. free from od age.
-----Fe: 386.png---------------------------------------------------------
A|ara heard that, he sad to the physcan, "Ha! you are a foo: what man
does anythng for any one, or gves anythng to any one? My frend, t
s our deeds n a former state of exstence that gve and do. Therefore
do not boast yoursef, for ths eevaton I attaned by ascetcsm: and I
w soon shew you ths by ocuar proof." When he sad ths to the
physcan, the atter refected as one terrfed--"Ths man s not to be
ntmdated and speaks ke a resoute sage. It s better to overawe
that master, the secret of whose character s nstabty, but that cannot
be done wth ths man, so I must submt to hm. In the meanwhe et
me wat and see what he w shew me so manfesty." Thus refectng,
the physcan sad, "It s true," and hed hs peace.
And the next day kng A|ara went out to roam about and amuse
hmsef wth hs frends, wated on by Taru|n.|achandra and others. And
as he was strong, he reached the bank of a rver, and n t he saw fve
goden otuses come foatng down the current. And he made hs servants
brng them, and takng them and ookng at them, he sad to the physcan
Taru|n.|achandra, who was standng near hm, "Go up aong the bank of
ths rver, and ook for the pace where these otuses are produced: and
when you have seen t, return, for I fee great curosty about these wonderfu
otuses, and you are my skfu frend." When he was thus commssoned
by the kng, the physcan, not beng abe to hep hmsef, sad,
"So be t," and went the way he was ordered. And the kng returned to
hs capta, but the physcan traveed on, and n course of tme reached
a tempe of |'S|va that stood on the bank of that rver. And n front of t,
on the shore of a hoy bathng-pace n that stream, he behed a great
banyan-tree, and a man's skeeton suspended on t. And whe, fatgued
wth hs |ourney, he was restng after bathng and worshppng the god,
a coud came there and raned. And from that human skeeton, hangng
on the branches of the banyan-tree, when raned upon by the coud, there
fe drops of water.|*| And when they fe nto the water of the bathng-pace
n that rver, the physcan observed that those goden otuses, were
mmedatey produced from them. The physcan sad to hmsef, "Ha!
what s ths wonder? Whom can I ask n the unnhabted wood? Or
rather who knows the creaton of Destny that s fu of so many marves?
I have behed ths mne of goden otuses; so I w throw ths human
skeeton nto the sacred water. Let rght be done, and et goden otuses grow
from ts back." After these refectons, he fung the skeeton down from
the top of that tree: and after spendng the day there, the physcan
set out the next day for hs own country, havng accompshed the ob|ect
for whch he was sent. And n a few days he reached Vsapura, and
went, emacated and soed wth hs |ourney, to the court of kng
* Ths remnds one of Story XII n the Gesta Romanorum.
-----Fe: 387.png---------------------------------------------------------
A|ara. The door-keeper announced hm, and he went n and prostrated
hmsef at the feet of the kng; the kng asked hm how he was, and
whe he was reatng hs adventure, the kng put every one ese out of
the ha, and hmsef sad; "So you have seen, my frend, the pace where
the goden otuses are produced, that most hoy sanctuary of |'S|va; and
you saw there a skeeton on a banyan-tree; know that that s my former
body. I hung there n od tme by my feet; and n that way performed
ascetcsm, unt I dred up my body and abandoned t. And owng to
the nobty of my penance, from the drops of ran-water, that fa from
that skeeton of mne, are produced goden otuses. And n that you
threw my skeeton nto the water of that hoy bathng-pace, you dd what
was rght, for you were my frend n a former brth. And ths Bhesha|achandra
and ths Padmadar|'s|ana, they aso were frends, who assocated
wth me n a former brth. So t s owng to the mght of that ascetcsm,
my frend, that recoecton of my former brth, and knowedge and empre
have been bestowed on me. By an artfce I have gven you ocuar proof
of ths, and you have descrbed t wth a token, teng how you fung
down the skeeton; so you must not boast to me, sayng, that you gave
me the kngdom, and you must not aow your mnd to be dscontented,
for no one gves anythng to any one wthout the hep of actons n a
former fe. From hs brth a man eats the frut of the tree of hs former
actons." When the kng sad ths to the physcan, he saw that t was
true, and he remaned satsfed wth the kng's servce, and was never
afterwards
dscontented. And that nobe-mnded kng A|ara, who remembered
hs former brth, honoured the physcan becomngy wth gfts of weath,
and ved comfortaby wth hs wves and frends, en|oyng the earth conquered
by hs pocy, and orgnay obtaned by hs good actons, wthout
an opponent.
"Thus n ths word a the good and bad fortune, that befas a men
at a tmes, s earned by actons n a former fe. For ths reason I thnk
we must have earned you for our ord n a former brth, otherwse how
coud you be so knd to us, whe there are other men n exstence?" Then
Naravhanadatta, havng heard n the company of hs beoved from the
mouth of Tapantaka ths strangey peasng and entertanng tae, rose up
to bathe. And after he had bathed, he went nto the presence of hs
father the kng of Vatsa, frequenty ranng nectar nto the eyes of hs
mother, and after takng food, he spent that day and that nght n drnkng
and other peasures wth hs parents, and hs wfe, and hs mnsters.
-----Fe: 388.png---------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER XLI.
And the next day, as Naravhanadatta was n the apartments of Ratnaprabh,
takng over varous sub|ects wth hs mnsters, he suddeny
heard a sound, whch appeared to be ke that of a man weepng outsde n
the court-yard of the paace. And when some one asked--"What s
that?"--the femae attendants came and sad, "My ord, the chamberan
Dharmagr s weepng here. For a foosh frend of hs came here |ust
now, and sad that hs brother, who went on a pgrmage to hoy paces,
was dead n a foregn and. He, bewdered wth gref, forgot that he
was n the court and began to ament, but he has been |ust now
taken outsde by the servants and conducted to hs own house." When
the prnce heard ths, he was greved, and Ratnaprabh moved wth pty
sad n a despondent tone--"Aas! the gref whch s produced by
the oss of dear reatves s hard to bear! Why dd not the Creator make
men exempt from od age and death?" When Marubht heard ths speech
of the queen's, he sad; "Oueen, how can mortas ever attan ths good fortune?
For sten to the foowng story, whch I w te you, bearng on
ths queston."
Story of kng Chryus and hs mnster Ngr|una.
In the cty of Chryus there was n od tme a kng, named Chryus,*
who was ndeed ong-ved, and the home of a good fortune. He
had a compassonate, generous and gfted mnster, named Ngr|una, who
was sprung from a porton of a Bodhsattva, who knew the use of a drugs,
and by makng an exr he rendered hmsef and that kng free from od
age, and ong-ved. One day an nfant son of that mnster Ngr|una,
whom he oved more than any of hs other chdren, ded. He fet gref
on that account, and by the force of hs ascetcsm and knowedge proceeded
to prepare out of certan ngredents the Water of Immortaty,|*| n
order to prevent mortas from dyng. But whe he was watng for the
auspcous moment n whch to nfuse a partcuar drug, Indra found out
what was gong on. And Indra, havng consuted wth the gods, sad to
the two A|'s|vns--"Go and gve ths message to Ngr|una on the earth from
me--'Why have you, though a mnster, begun ths revoutonary proceedng
of makng the Water of Lfe? Are you determned now to conquer the
Creator, who ndeed created men sub|ect to the aw of death, snce you
* I. e. ong-ved.
* See the IVth chapter of Raston's Russan Fok-Taes, "Weekenstedt's
Wendschce
Mrchen page 221, Bernhard Schmdt's Grechsche Mrchen p. 125.
-----Fe: 389.png---------------------------------------------------------
propose to make men mmorta by preparng the Water of Lfe? If ths
takes pace, what dfference w there be between gods and men? And the
consttuton of the unverse w be broken up, because there w be no
sacrfcer and no recpent of sacrfce. So by my advce dscontnue ths
preparaton of the Water of Lfe, otherwse the gods w be angry, and w
certany curse you. And your son, through gref for whom you are
engaged n ths attempt, s now n Svarga.'" Wth ths message Indra
despatched the two A|'s|vns. And they arrved at the house of Ngr|una
and, after recevng the argha,* tod Ngr|una, who was peased wth
ther vst, the message of Indra, and nformed hm that hs son was wth
the gods n heaven. Then Ngr|una, beng despondent, thought; "Never
mnd the gods, but f I do not obey the command of Indra, these A|'s|vns
w nfct a curse on me. So et ths Water of Lfe go, I have not accompshed
my desre; however my son, on account of my good deeds n a former
fe, has gone to the abode of bss." Havng thus refected, Ngr|una
sad to these two gods, the A|'s|vns, "I obey the command of Indra, I
w desst from makng the Water of Lfe. If you two had not come, I
shoud have competed the preparaton of the Water of Lfe n fve days,
and freed ths whoe earth from od age and death." When Ngr|una had
sad ths, he bured by ther advce the Water of Lfe, whch was amost
competed,
n the earth before ther eyes. Then the A|'s|vns took eave of hm,
and went and tod Indra n heaven that ther errand was accompshed, and
the kng of gods re|oced.
And n the meanwhe Ngr|una's master, the kng Chryus, anonted
hs son |vahara crown-prnce. And when he was anonted, hs mother,
the queen Dhanapar, on hs comng n great deght to saute her, sad to
hm, as soon as she saw hm, "Why do you re|oce wthout cause, my
son, at havng obtaned ths dgnty of crown-prnce, for ths s not a step
to the attanment of the kngy dgnty, not even by the hep of ascetcsm?
For many crown-prnces, sons of your father, have ded, and not
one of them has obtaned the throne, they have a nherted dsappontment.
For Ngr|una has gven ths kng an exr, by the hep of whch
he s now n the eghth century of hs age. And who knows how many
more centures w pass over the head of ths kng, who makes hs short-ved
sons crown-prnces." When her son heard that, he was despondent,
and she went on to say to hm, "If you desre the throne, adopt ths
expedent. Ths mnster Ngr|una every day, after he has performed
the day's devotons, gves gfts at the tme of takng food, and makes ths
procamaton; 'Who s a suppant? Who wants anythng? To whom
can I gve anythng, and what?' At that moment go to hm and say,
'Gve me your head,'--Then he, beng a truthfu man. w have hs head
* Water, rce, drva grass, &c. offered to guests.
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cut off, and out of sorrow for hs death ths kng w de, or retre to the
forest; then you w obtan the crown; there s no other expedent avaabe
n ths matter." When he heard ths speech from hs mother, the
prnce was deghted, and he consented, and determned to carry her advce
nto effect, for the ust of soveregn sway s crue, and overcomes one's
affecton for one's frends. Then that prnce went, the next day, of hs
own accord to the house of that Ngr|una, at the tme when he took hs
food. And when the mnster cred out, "Who requres anythng, and
what does he requre?" he entered and asked hm for hs head. The
mnster sad, "Ths s strange, my son; what can you do wth ths head
of mne? For t s ony an aggomeraton of fesh, bone and har. To
what use can you put t? Nevertheess, f t s of any use to you, cut
t off, and take t." Wth these words he offered hs neck to hm. But
t had been so hardened by the exr that, though he struck at t for a
ong tme, he coud not cut t, but broke many swords over t. In the
meanwhe the kng, hearng of t, arrved, and asked hm not to gve away
hs head, but Ngr|una sad to hm: "I can remember my former brths,
and I have gven away my head nnety-nne tmes n my varous brths.
Ths, my ord, w be the hundredth tme of my gvng away my head.
So do not say anythng aganst t, for no suppant ever eaves my presence
dsapponted. So I w now present your son wth my head; for
ths deay was made by me ony n order to behod your face." Thus he
spoke, and embraced that kng, and brought a powder out of hs coset,
wth whch he smeared the sword of that prnce. Then the prnce cut off
the head of the mnster Ngr|una wth a bow of that sword, as a man
cuts a otus from ts stak. Then a great cry of wang was rased, and the
kng was on the pont of gvng up hs own fe, when a bodess voce
sounded from the heaven n these words--"Do not do what you ought
not, kng. You shoud not ament your frend Ngr|una, for he w not
be born agan, but has attaned the condton of a Buddha." When kng
Chryus heard ths, he gave up the dea of sucde, but bestowed great gfts,
and out of gref eft hs throne, and went to the forest. There n tme
he obtaned by ascetcsm eterna bss. Then hs son |vahara obtaned
hs kngdom, and soon after hs accesson he aowed dssenson to arse
n hs ream, and was san by the sons of Ngr|una rememberng ther
father's murder. Then through sorrow for hm hs mother's heart broke.
How can prosperty befa those who wak n the path trodden by the
gnobe? And a son of that kng Chryus, born to hm by another wfe,
named |S'|atyus, was paced on hs throne by hs chef mnsters.
"Thus, as the gods woud not permt Ngr|una to carry out the task
of destroyng death, whch he had undertaken, he became sub|ect to death.
Therefore t s true that ths word of vng bengs was apponted by the
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Creator unstabe, and fu of gref hard to ward off, and even wth hundreds
of efforts t s mpossbe for any one to do anythng here, whch the
Creator does not wsh hm to do." When Marubht had tod ths story,
he ceased speakng, and Naravhanadatta rose up wth hs mnsters and
performed hs day dutes.
CHAPTER XLII.
Then, eary the next day, Naravhanadatta went off to the forest for the
purpose of huntng, surrounded wth eephants, n the company of hs
father and hs frends; but before gong he comforted hs beoved Ratnaprabh,
who was anxous about hm, by sayng that he woud qucky
return.
Then the scene of the chase became ke a garden adorned wth ovey
creepers for hs deght, for n t the pears that dropped from the caws of
the ons, that had ceft the foreheads of eephants, and now fe aseep n
death, were sown ke seeds; and the teeth of the tgers that were cut out
by the crescent-headed arrows were ke buds, and the fowng bood of the
deer seemed ke shoots, and the wd boars, n whch stuck the arrows
adorned wth heron feathers, seemed ke custers, and the faen bodes
of |S'|arabhas|*| shewed ke frut, and the arrows fang wth deep hum
appeared ke bees. Graduay the prnce became weared, and dessted
from the chase, and went on horseback to another wood wth Gomukha,
who was aso rdng. There he began to pay at ba, and whe he was
thus engaged, a certan femae ascetc came that way. Then the ba
spped from hs hand and fe on her head; whereupon the femae ascetc
aughed a tte, and sad to hm--"If your nsoence s so great now, what
w t be f you ever obtan Karprk for a wfe."|*| When Naravhanadatta
heard ths, he dsmounted from hs horse, and prostratng hmsef
at the feet of that femae ascetc, sad to her--"I dd not see you, and my
ba fe on your head by chance--Reverend one, be proptated, and pardon
that faut of mne." When the femae ascetc heard that, she sad,
"My son, I am not angry wth you," and beng vctorous over her wrath
she comforted hm wth bessngs. And then, thnkng that the wse
truthfu ascetc was we dsposed to hm, Naravhanadatta respectfuy
asked her--"Who, reverend ady, s ths Karprk spoken of by you?
Condescend to nform me, f you are peased wth me, for I am curous
* Fabuous anmas wth eght feet.
* Cp. Scansche Mrchen, Vo. I, p. 74.
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on ths head." When he sad ths, bendng before her, the femae ascetc
sad to hm: "There s on the other sde of the sea a cty named
Karprasambhava;|*|
n t there s a kng rghty named Karpraka, he has a
daughter, a ovey maden, named Karprk, who appears ke a second
Lakshm, deposted n securty there by the ocean, havng seen that the
frst Lakshm had been carred away by the gods after the churnng.
And she, as she hates men, does not desre to be marred, but she w
desre t, f at a, when she sees you. So go there, my son, and you sha
wn that far one; nevertheess, whe you are gong there, you w suffer
great hardshp n the forest. But you must not be perpexed at that,
for a sha end we." When the ascetc had sad ths, she few up nto
the ar and dsappeared. Then Naravhanadatta, drawn on by the command
of Love uttered through her voce, sad to hs attendant Gomukha,
"Come, et us go to Karprk n the cty of Karprasambhava, for I cannot
reman a moment wthout behodng her." When Gomukha heard
that, he sad--"Kng, desst from your rashness. Consder how far off
you are from the sea and from that cty, and whether the |ourney s worth
takng for the sake of that maden? Why, on merey hearng her name,
do you abandon ceesta wves, and aone run after a mere woman who s
enveoped n doubt, owng to your not knowng what her ntenton s."
When Gomukha sad ths to hm, the son of the kng of Vatsa sad, "The
speech of that hoy ascetc cannot be fase. So I must certany go to fnd
that prncess." Havng sad ths, he set out thence on horseback that very
moment. And Gomukha foowed hm senty, though t was aganst hs
wsh: when a ord does not act on the advce of hs servants, ther ony
course s to foow hm.
In the meanwhe the kng of Vatsa, havng fnshed hs huntng, returned
to hs cty, thnkng that that son of hs was returnng among hs
own armed foowers. And the prnce's foowers returned wth Marubht
and the others to the cty, supposng that the prnce was wth the armed
foowers of hs father. When they arrved, the kng of Vatsa and the
others searched for hm, and fndng that he had not returned, they a
went to the house of Ratnaprabh. She at frst was greved at that news,
but she caed up a supernatura scence and was tod by t tdngs of her
husband, and sad to her dstressed father-n-aw; "My husband heard the
prncess Karprka mentoned by a femae ascetc n the forest, and n
order to obtan her he has gone to the cty of Karprasambhava. And he
w soon have accompshed hs ob|ect, and w return here wth Gomukha.
So dsmss anxety, for ths I have earned from a scence. By these words
she comforted the kng of Vatsa and hs retnue." And she despatched
* I. e. Camphor-produced. In the Araban-Nghts the Camphor sands are
mentoned. See Lane's Transaton, Vo. I, page 544.
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another scence to wat on her husband durng hs |ourney, and dspe hs
fatgue; for good women who desre ther husband's happness do not
account of |eaousy.
In the meanwhe Naravhanadatta performed a ong |ourney on
horseback n that forest, accompaned by Gomukha. Then a maden
suddeny came up to hm n hs path and sad to hm, "I am a
scence sent by Ratnaprabh, named Myvat, I w guard you on
the path wthout beng seen, so proceed now wthout fear." Havng
sad ths, the ncarnate scence dsappeared, as he gazed at t. By
vrtue of t, Naravhanadatta contnued hs |ourney wth hs thrst
and hunger appeased, prasng hs beoved Ratnaprabh. And n
the evenng he reached a wood wth a pure ake n t, and wth Gomukha
he bathed, and took a mea of decous frut and water. And at nght he
ted up the two horses underneath a arge tree, after suppyng them wth
grass, and he and hs mnster cmbed up nto t to seep. Whe reposng
on a broad bough of the tree, he was woke up by the neghngs of the
terrfed horses, and saw a on that had come cose underneath. When
he saw t, he wshed* to get down for the sake of the horses, but Gomukha
sad to hm--"Aas! you are negectng the safety of your person,
and actng wthout counse; for kngs the frst duty s the preservaton
of ther persons, and counse s the foundaton of rue. How can you
desre to contend wth wd beasts armed wth teeth and caws. For t
was to avod these that we |ust now got up nto ths tree. When the kng
had been restraned from descendng by these words of Gomukha's, seeng
the on kng the horse, he mmedatey threw hs sword at t from the
tree, and succeeded n woundng t wth the weapon whch was bured n
ts body. The mghty on, though perced wth the sword, after kng
that horse, sew the other aso. Then the son of the kng of Vatsa took
Gomukha's sword from hm, and throwng t, cut the on n haf n the
mdde. And descendng he recovered hs sword from the body of the on,
and ascendng agan to hs seepng pace, he passed the nght there n the
tree. In the mornng Naravhanadatta got down, and set out to fnd Karprka,
accompaned by Gomukha. Then Gomukha, behodng hm traveng
on foot, as the on had san hs horse, n order to amuse hm on the
way sad; "Lsten, kng, I w reate you ths story, whch s partcuary
approprate on the present occason."
Story of kng Partygasena, hs wcked wfe and hs two sons.
There s n ths word a cty named Irvat, whch surpasses
Aak;|*| n t there dwet a kng named Partygasena. And he had two
* I fnd that a MS. n the Sanskrt Coege reads avattrshum. Ths s obvousy
the rght readng.
* The cty of Kuvera the god of weath.
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beoved queens, whom he vaued as hs fe. One was the daughter of hs
own mnster and her name was Adkhasangam, and the other was of roya
race, and was caed Kvyankr. And wth those two the kng proptated
Durg to obtan a son, and performed penance wthout food, seepng on
darbha
grass. Then Bhavn, who s knd to her votares, peased wth hs penance,
appeared to hm n a dream and gave hm two heaveny fruts, and
thus commanded hm: "Rse up and gve your two wves these two fruts
to eat, and then, kng, you w have born to you two heroc sons."
Havng sad ths, Gaur dsappeared, and the kng woke up n the mornng
and rose deghted at behodng those fruts n hs hand. And by descrbng
that dream of hs he deghted hs wves, and bathed and worshpped
the consort of |S'|va, and broke hs fast. And at nght he frst vsted that
wfe of hs Adhkasangam, and gave her one of the fruts, and she
mmedatey
ate t. Then the kng spent the nght n her pavon, out of respect
for her father, who was hs own prme mnster. And he paced near the
head of hs bed the second frut, whch was ntended for the other queen.
Whe the kng was aseep, the queen Adhkasangam rose up, and desrng
for hersef two smar sons, she took from hs head and ate that second
frut aso. For women are naturay envous of ther rvas. And n the
mornng, when the kng rose up and was ookng for that frut, she sad--"I
ate that second frut aso." Then the kng went away despondent, and
after spendng the day, he went at nght to the apartments of the second
queen. And when she asked for that other frut, he sad to her--"Whe
I was aseep, your feow-wfe treacherousy devoured t." Then the queen
Kvyankr, not havng obtaned that frut, whch was to enabe her to
gve brth to a son, remaned senty greved.
In the course of some days that queen Adhkhasangam become pregnant,
and n due tme gave brth to twn sons. And the kng Partygasena
re|oced and made a great feast, snce hs desre was fufed by ther
brth. And the kng gave the name of Indvarasena to the eder of the
two, who was of wonderfu beauty and had eyes ke a bue otus. And he
gave to the younger the name of Anchchhasena, because hs mother ate
the second frut aganst hs wsh. Then Kvyankr, the second wfe of
that kng, on behodng ths, was angry, and refected--"Aas! I have been
cheated by ths rva wfe out of havng chdren; so I must wthout fa
revenge mysef on her; I must destroy these sons of hers by my cunnng."
Havng thus refected, she remaned thnkng over a means of dong ths.
And as fast as those two prnces grew, the tree of enmty grew n her
heart.
And n course of tme those two prnces, havng attaned manhood,
and beng mghty of arm, and desrous of conquest, sad to ther father--"We
have attaned manhood and we have been traned n the use of weapons,
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so how can we reman here endowed to no proft wth these mghty arms? Out
on the arms and the youth of a Kshatrya that ongs not for vctory! So et
us go now, father, and conquer the regons." When the kng Partygasena
heard ths request of hs sons, he was peased and consented, and
made arrangements for ther expedton. And he sad to them, "If ever you
are n dffcutes, you must thnk upon the goddess Durg the remover of
sorrows, for she gave you to me." Then the kng sent forth those two
sons on ther expedton, accompaned by hs troops and feuda chefs,
after ther mother had performed the auspcous ceremones to ensure them
success. And he sent after them hs own sagacous prme mnster, ther
materna grandfather, whose name was Prathamasangama. Then those
two mghty prncey brothers, wth ther army, frst marched n due
order to the eastern quarter, and subdued t. Then these two rresstbe
heroes of approved mght, to whom many kngs had |oned themseves,
went to the southern quarter to conquer t. And ther parents re|oced
on hearng these tdngs of them, but ther second mother was consumed
wth the fre of conceaed hate. The treacherous queen then got the foowng
fase despatch wrtten n the kng's name to the chefs n the
prnces' camp, by means of the secretary for foregn affars, whom she had
brbed wth heaps of treasure--"My two sons, havng subdued the earth
by the mght of ther arms, have formed the ntenton of kng me and
sezng my kngdom; so f you are oya to me, you must wthout hestaton
put to death both those sons of mne."--Ths etter Kvyankr
sent off secrety by a courer. And the courer went secrety to the camp
of those two prnces, and gave that etter to the chefs. And they a,
after readng t, refectng that the pocy of kngs s very crue, and consderng
that that command of ther master must not be dsobeyed, met and
deberated n the nght, and as they saw no way out of the dffcuty,
determned to k those two prnces, though they had been fascnated by
ther vrtues. But ther materna grandfather, the mnster, who was wth
them, heard of t from a frend that he had among the chefs, and after
nformng the prnces of the state of affars, he thereupon mounted them
on swft horses, and conveyed them away safey out of the camp.
The two prnces, when conveyed away by the mnster at nght, traveed
aong wth hm, and entered the Vndhya forest out of gnorance of
the true road. Then, after the nght had passed, as they sowy proceeded
on ther way, about noon ther horses ded, overcome wth excessve
thrst. And that aged materna grandfather of thers, whose paate was
dry wth hunger and thrst, ded exhausted wth the heat before the eyes
of those two, who were aso weary. Then those affcted brothers excamed
n ther sorrow--"Why has our father reduced to ths state us who are
nnocent, and fufed the desre of that wcked second mother of ours?"--
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In the mdst of ther amentaton they thought upon the goddess Ambk,|*|
whom ther father had ong ago ponted out to them as ther natura
protectress.
That moment, by force of thnkng on that knd protectress,
ther hunger, thrst and fatgue eft them, and they were strong. Then
they were comforted by fath n her, and wthout feeng the fatgue of
the |ourney, they went to vst that goddess who dwes n the Vndhya
forest. And when those two brothers had arrved there, they began
a course of fastng and ascetcsm to proptate her. In the meanwhe
those chefs n the camp assembed together n a band, and went
wth the ntenton of dong the prnces a mschef; but they coud not fnd
them, though they searched everywhere. They sad--"The prnces have
escaped somewhere wth ther materna grandfather," and fearng that the
whoe thng woud come out, they went n a frght to the kng Partygasena.
And shewng hm the etters, they tod hm the whoe story. He,
when he heard t, was agtated and sad to them n hs anger; "I dd not
send ths etter, ths s some decepton. And how comes t that you dd
not know, you foosh creatures, that I shoud not be key to put to death
two sons obtaned by severe austertes? They have been put to death as
far as you are concerned, but they were saved by ther own merts, and
ther materna grandfather has exhbted a specmen of hs statesmanshp."
He sad ths to the chefs, and though the secretary who wrote the treacherous
etter fed, the kng qucky had hm brought back by hs roya
power, and after thoroughy nvestgatng the whoe matter, punshed hm as
he deserved. And he threw nto a dungeon hs wcked wfe Kvyankr,
who was guty of such a crme as tryng to say hs sons. For how can
an ev deed audacousy done, the end of whch s not consdered through
the mnd beng bnded wth excessve hate, hep brngng run? And as
for those chefs, who had set out wth hs two sons and returned, the kng
dsmssed them, and apponted others n ther pace. And wth ther
mother he contnued to seek for tdngs of those sons, punged n gref,
devoted to rghteousness, thnkng upon Durg.
In the meanwhe that goddess, who has her shrne n the Vndhya
mountans, was peased wth the ascetcsm of the prnce Indvarasena
and hs younger brother. And she gave Indvarasena a sword n a dream, and
appearng to hm, thus addressed hm--"By the power of ths sword thou
shat conquer enemes hard to overcome, and whatever thou shat thnk of
thou shat obtan, and by means of t you sha both gan the success you
desre." When the goddess had sad that, she dsappeared, and Indvarasena,
wakng up, behed that sword n hs hand. Then he comforted hs younger
brother by shewng hm that sword, and descrbng to hm hs dream, and
n the mornng he and hs brother broke ther fast on wd fruts. Then
* The mother, . e., Durg.
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he worshpped that goddess, and havng hs fatgue removed by her favour,
he departed re|ocng, wth the sword n hs hand, n the company of hs
brother. And after he had traveed a ong dstance, he found a great and
spendd cty, ookng ke the peak of Meru on account of ts goden
houses. There he behed a terrbe Rkshasa standng at the gate of the
hgh street, and the hero asked hm what was the name of the town, and
who was ts kng. That Rkshasa sad--"Ths cty s caed |S'|aapura,
and t s possessed by our ord Yamadanshtra, the sayer of hs foes, kng
of the Rkshasas." When the Rkshasa sad ths, Indvarasena attempted
to enter, n order to say Yamadanshtra, but the Rkshasa at the door tred
to prevent hm, upon whch the mghty Indvarasena ked hm, cuttng off
hs head wth one stroke of hs sword. After sayng hm, the hero entered
the roya paace, and behed nsde t the Rkshasa Yamadanshtra sttng
on hs throne, havng a mouth terrbe wth tusks, wth a ovey woman
at hs eft hand, and a vrgn of heaveny beauty on hs rght hand.
And when Indvarasena saw hm, he went wth the sword gven hm by
Durg n hs hand, and chaenged hm to fght, and the Rkshasa drew
hs sword and stood up to resst hm. And n the course of the fght
Indvarasena
frequenty cut off the Rkshasa's head, but t grew agan.|*| Seeng
that magc power of hs, and havng had a sgn made to hm by the vrgn
at the Rkshasa's sde, who had faen n ove wth hm at frst sght,
the prnce, after cuttng off the head of the Rkshasa, beng quck of hand,
agan cut t n two wth a stroke of hs sword. Then the Rkshasa's magc
was baffed by contrary magc, and hs head dd not grow agan, and the
Rkshasa ded of the wound.
When he was san, the ovey woman and the prncess were deghted,
and the prnce wth hs younger brother sat down, and asked them the
foowng
questons: "Why dd ths Rkshasa ve n such a cty as ths, guarded
by one warder ony, and who are you two, and why do you re|oce at hs
beng san?" When they heard ths, the vrgn was the one that answered,
and she spoke as foows: "In ths cty of |S'|aapura there ved
a kng of the name of Vrabhu|a, and ths s hs wfe Madanadansh|t.|r,
and ths Rkshasa came and devoured hm by the hep of hs magc
power. And he ate up hs attendants, but he dd not eat ths Madanadansh|t.|r,
whom aone he spared because she was beautfu, but he made
her hs wfe. Then he became dsgusted wth ths cty though beautfu,
and budng n t houses of god, he remaned here sportng wth
Madanadansh|t.|r,
havng dsmssed hs retnue. And I am the younger sster
of ths Rkshasa, and unmarred, but the moment I saw you, I fe n ove
wth you. Accordngy she s gad at hs havng been san, and so aso am I;
so marry me here now, my husband, snce ove makes me offer mysef to you."
* See Raston's remarks on ths story n hs Russan Fok-Taes, p. 71.
-----Fe: 398.png---------------------------------------------------------
When Kha|d.|gadansh|t.|r sad ths, Indvarasena marred her then and
there by the Gndbarva form of marrage. And he remaned n that very
cty, havng everythng brought to hm, on hs thnkng of t, by the vrtue
of the sword of Durg, marred and accompaned by hs younger brother.
And once on a tme he made a charot that woud fy through the ar, produced
by thought through the vrtue of hs sword, that resembed n ts
powers the phosopher's stone, and paced n t hs heroc younger brother
Anchchhasena, and sent hm off from hs retreat to hear tdngs of hm to
hs parents. Anchchhasena, for hs part, traveed qucky through the ar
n that charot, and reached Irvat that cty of hs father. There he refreshed
hs gref-worn parents wth the sght of hm, as the moon refreshes
the partrdges when exhausted wth severe heat. And he approached them,
and fe at ther feet, and was embraced by them, and when they questoned
hm, he dspeed ther apprehensons wth good news of hs brother. And
he tod n ther presence the whoe adventure of hmsef and hs brother,
whch n the begnnng was sad, but n the end was happy. And there he
heard the treacherous devce, whch hs wcked second mother had out of
enmty contrved for hs destructon. Then Anchchhasena remaned there
n tranquty, n the company of hs deghted father and hs mother,
honoured by the sub|ects. But after some days had passed, hs fears were
aroused by a threatenng dream, and he yearned to see hs brother agan,
and sad to hs father; "I w depart, and by teng my brother Indvarasena
that you are anxousy awatng hm, I w brng hm back; gve me
eave to depart, my father." When hs father heard that, beng anxous
for the sght of hs son, he and hs wfe gave Anchchhasena eave to depart,
and he mmedatey mounted hs charot, and reached through the ar
that cty of |S'|aapura. And when he arrved there, he entered the paace
of that brother of hs. He saw there hs eder brother yng senseess n
the presence of Kha|d.|gadansh|t.|r and Madanadansh|t.|ra, who were
weepng.
In hs perpexty he asked, "What does ths mean?" And then
Kha|d.|gadansh|t.|r
sad wth her eyes fxed on the ground, though the other
bamed her for t; "When you were away, your brother one day, on my
gong to bathe, had a secret ntrgue wth ths Madanadansh|t.|r. And I,
on returnng from bathng, found hm wth her, and I abused hm. Then
he tred to proptate me, but I, beng exceedngy bewdered by unforgvng
|eaousy, that seemed to have possessed me, thought thus wth mysef,'Ah!
wthout takng me nto account, he favours another; I beeve he shews
ths nsoence confdng n the magc propertes of hs sword, so I w hde
ths weapon of hs.' After thus refectng, n my foy I thrust hs sword
nto the fre at nght, whe he was aseep. The consequence was that hs
sword was dmmed and he was reduced to ths state. And I am greved
for ths mysef and upbraded by Madanadansh|t.|r. So you have come here
-----Fe: 399.png---------------------------------------------------------
now when both our mnds are bnded wth gref, and we have resoved on
death. So take ths sword and k me wth t, snce I have proved true to
the customs of my race and acted cruey." When Anchchhasena was
thus entreated by hs brother's wfe, he thought that he ought not to say
her on account of her repentance, but prepared to cut off hs own head.
But at that moment, he heard the foowng voce come from the ar--"Do
not act thus, prnce, your brother s not dead, but he has been struck senseess
by Durg, who s angry at hs not havng taken suffcent care of the
sword, and you must not mpute gut to Kha|d.|gadansh|t.|r, for ths
crcumstance
s the consequence of your a havng been born nto ths word on
account of a curse. And they were both of them your brother's wves n
a former fe. So proptate Durg n order to gan your ob|ect." Accordngy
Anchchhasena gave up hs ntenton of sayng hmsef. But
he mounted that charot, and took that fre-dmmed sword, and went to
proptate the soes of the feet of Durg, the dweer n the Vndhya range.
There he fasted, and was about to proptate the goddess wth the offerng
of hs head, when he heard ths voce from heaven--"Do not be rash, my
son, go; thy eder brother sha ve, and the sword sha become pure from
stan, for I am peased wth thy devoton." When Anchchhasena heard ths
speech of the goddess, he mmedatey saw that the sword n hs hand had
recovered ts brghtness, and he waked round the goddess, keepng hs
rght hand towards her; and ascendng hs swft magc ear, as f t were
hs own desre,|*| he returned n a state of anxous expectaton to that
|S'|aapura.
There he saw that hs eder brother had |ust rsen up, havng suddeny
reganed conscousness, and weepng he sezed hs feet, and hs eder
brother threw hs arms round hs neck. And both the wves of Indvarasena
fe at the feet of Anchchhasena and sad--"You have saved the fe
of our husband." Then he tod the whoe story to hs brother Indvarasena
who questoned hm, and he, when he heard t, was not angry wth
Kha|d.|gadansh|t.|r, but was peased wth hs brother.|*|
And he heard from the ps of hs brother that hs parents were
eager to see hm, and of the fraud of hs second mother, that had brought
about hs separaton from them; then he took the sword whch hs brother
* The word teray means charot of the mnd. There s a pun here.
* Ths resembes the German story of the two brothers as gven n Cox's Aryan
Mythoogy, Vo. I, p. 162. See aso Gonzenbach's Scansche Mrchen, Nos. 39
and
40, wth Dr. Kher's note. He there refers us to hs own remarks on the 4th of
Campbe's West Hghand Taes n Orent und Occdent, Vo. II, p. 118, and to
Grmm, Nos. 60 and 85, Hahn No. 22, Wdter-Wof, No. 8, Vernaeken, No. 35,
&c.
In Grmm's No. 60, we have a magc sword, and the temporary death of one of
the
brothers s ndcated by the dmmng of one sde of a knfe. Ths story
resembes
Grmm's more cosey, than that of A|'s|okadatta and V|ayadatta n ch. 25.
-----Fe: 400.png---------------------------------------------------------
handed to hm, and mounted a arge charot, whch came to hm the moment
he thought of t, owng to the vrtue of the sword, and wth hs
goden paaces, and hs two wves, and hs younger brother Indvarasena,
returned to hs own cty Irvat. There he aghted from the ar, behed
wth wonder by the sub|ects, and entered the paace, and went wth hs
attendants nto the presence of the kng. And n that condton he behed
hs father and hs mother, and fe at ther feet wth hs eyes bathed n
streamng tears. And they, the moment they behed ther son, embraced
hm and hs younger brother, and havng ther bodes, as t were, bathed
n nectar, they were reeved from ther sorrow. And when ther daughters-n-
aw,
those two wves of Indvarasena, of heaveny beauty, fe at ther
feet, they ooked on them wth deght and wecomed them. And the
parents, earnng n course of conversaton, that they were sad by a dvne
voce to have been apponted n a prevous fe as hs wves, were
exceedngy deghted. And they re|oced wth astonshment at the power
of ther son, whch enabed hm to trave through the ar, and brng goden
paaces and do other thngs of ths knd. Then Indvarasena remaned,
wth those two wves and hs attendants, n the socety of hs parents, causng
deght to the sub|ects. And once on a tme he took eave of hs father,
kng Partygasena, and went forth agan to conquer the four quarters,
accompaned by hs younger brother. And the mghty-armed hero conquered
the whoe earth by the vrtue of hs sword, and came back brngng
wth hm the god, eephants, horses and |ewes of conquered kngs. And
he reached hs capta, foowed out of fear by the conquered earth n the
form of the army of dust, that hs forces rased. And he entered the
paace, where hs father advanced to meet hm, and he and hs brother
deghted
ther mother Adhkasangam by ther return. And after he had
honoured the kngs, Indvarasena spent that day n peasure, accompaned
by hs wves and hs foowers. And on the next day the prnce made over
the earth to hs father by way of trbute from the kngs, and suddeny
recoected hs former brth. Then, ke one wakng up from seep, he sad
to hs father-- "Father, I remember my former brth; sten, I w te
you a about t. There s a cty on the pateau of the Hmaayas named
Muktpura; n t there ves a kng named Muktsena, a kng of the
Vdydharas.
And by a queen named Kambuvat he had born to hm n course
of tme two vrtuous sons, Padmasena and Rpasena. Then a maden, named
A'dtyaprabh, the daughter of a chef of the Vdydharas, of her own accord,
out of ove, chose Padmasena for her husband. Hearng of that, a Vdydhara
maden, of the name of Chandravat, became ove-sck aso, and came and
chose hm for her husband. Then Padmasena, havng two wves, was
contnuay
worred by that wfe Adtyaprabh, who was |eaous of her rva.
And so Padmasena over and over agan mportuned hs father Muktsena
-----Fe: 401.png---------------------------------------------------------
to the foowng effect: 'I cannot endure every day the -temper of my
wfe, who s bnd wth |eaousy, et me retre to a wood of ascetcs to put
an end to ths msery. Therefore, father, gve me permsson.' Hs father,
annoyed at hs persstence, cursed hm and hs wves, sayng; 'What need s
there of your gong to a wood of ascetcs? Fa nto the word of mortas.
There ths quarresome wfe of yours, A'dtyaprabh, sha be born n the
race of Rkshasas, and become your wfe agan. And ths second, Chandravat,
who s vrtuous and attached to you, her husband, sha be the wfe of
a kng, and the paramour of a Rkshasa, and sha obtan you as her beoved.
And snce ths Rpasena has been observed by me to foow you
hs eder brother wth affecton, he sha be your brother aso n that word.
There too you sha endure some affcton caused by your wves.' Thus
he spoke and ceased, and apponted ths as the termnaton of the curse;
'When you, beng a prnce, sha conquer the earth and gve t to your
father, then you and they sha remember your former brth, and be freed
from your curse.' When Padmasena had been thus addressed by hs own
father, he went wth those others to the word of mortas. I am that very
Padmasena, born here as your son, Indvarasena by name, and I have done
what I was apponted to do. And the other Vdydhara prnce, Rpasena,
has been born as Anchehhasena my younger brother. And as for my
wves A'dtyaprabh* and Chandravat, know that they have been born
here as these two, Khadgadanshtr and Madanadanshtr. And now we
have reached that apponted end of our curse. So et us go, father, to our
own Vdydhara home." Havng sad ths, he together wth hs brother
and hs wves, who remembered ther former exstence, abandoned the
human and assumed the Vdydhara form. And havng worshpped the
feet of hs father, and taken hs two wves n hs arms, he went wth hs
younger brother through the ar to hs own cty Muktpura. There the wse
prnce, gady wecomed by hs father Muktsena, a |oy to the eyes of hs
mother, accompaned by hs brother Rpasena, ved wth hs A'dtyaprabh,
who dd not agan dspay |eaousy, and wth Chandravat n happness.
The mnster Gomukha, havng tod ths deghtfu tae on the road,
agan sad to Naravhanadatta; "Thus the great must endure great pans
and gan great gory, but others have tte pan and tte gory. But you,
protected by the mght of the scence of queen Ratnaprabh, sha wthout
dffcuty gan that prncess Karprk."
When Naravhanadatta heard ths from the ps of the eoquent
Gomukha, he set out on the path wth hm, nsensbe to fatgue. And as
he traveed, he came n the evenng to a peucd ake, the otuses on whch
were n fu boom, and whch was fu of an abundant suppy of cod water,
decous as nectar. Its banks were adorned wth pomegranate trees,
* I. e., brghtness of the sun. Chandravat means moonke.
-----Fe: 402.png---------------------------------------------------------
bread-frut trees, and rows of mango-trees, and on t the swans sang
sweety. They bathed n t, and devouty worshpped the beoved|*| of the
daughter of Hmaya and refreshed themseves wth varous fragrant,
sweet-tastng, deghtfu fruts, and then the son of the kng of Vatsa and
hs frend spent the nght on the bank of the ake, seepng on a bed strewn
wth soft young shoots.
CHAPTER XLIII.
The next mornng, Naravhanadatta rose up from the bank of that
ake,|*| and settng out on hs |ourney, sad to hs mnster Gomukha; "My
frend, I remember, a certan prncess of heaveny beauty, dressed n whte
garments, came to me towards the end of ast nght n a dream, and sad
ths to me--'Lay asde your anxety, dear one, for you w qucky reach
a arge and wonderfu town stuated n a forest, on the shore of the sea.
And after restng there, you sha wth ease fnd that town Karprasambhava,
and then wn that prncess Karprk.' Havng sad ths, she dsappeared,
and I mmedatey woke up." When he sad that, Gomukha was
deghted and sad to hm--"Kng, you are favoured by the gods; what s
dffcut to you? So your enterprse w certany succeed wthout dffcuty."
When Gomukha had sad ths, Naravhanadatta hastened aong
the path wth hm. And n course of tme he reached a cty of vast
extent on the shore of the sea, furnshed wth ofty mansons resembng
the peaks of mountans, wth streets, and arches, adorned wth a paace a
goden ke mount Meru, ookng ke a second Earth. He entered that cty
by the market-street, and behed that a the popuaton, merchants, women,
and ctzens were wooden automata, that moved as f they were ave, but
were recognsed as feess by ther want of speech. Ths aroused astonshment
n hs mnd. And n due course he arrved wth Gomukha near the
kng's paace, and saw that a the horses and eephants there were of the
same matera; and wth hs mnster he entered, fu of wonder, that paace,
whch was respendent wth seven ranges of goden budngs. There he saw
a ma|estc man sttng on a |eweed throne, surrounded by warders and
women, who were aso wooden automata, the ony vng beng there, who
produced moton n those du matera thngs, ke the sou presdng over
* I. e. |'S|va the beoved of Prvat.
* I read sarastrt for sarttrt.
-----Fe: 403.png---------------------------------------------------------
the senses. He, for hs part, seeng that that hero Naravhanadatta was
of nobe form, rose up and wecomed hm, and made hm st down on hs
own seat, and sttng n front of hm, he thus questoned hm, "Who
are you; how and why have you come to ths unnhabted and wth one
companon?" Then Naravhanadatta tod hs own story from the begnnng,
and asked that hero, who was prostratng hmsef before hm,--"Who
are you, my good sr, and what s ths wonderfu cty of yours? Te me."
That man, when he heard that, began to te hs own story.
Story, of the two brothers Pr|n.|adhara
and R|yadhara.
There s a cty named Knch
possessed of great exceences,|*|
whch, ke a grde, we adorns the earth-brde. In t there was a famous
kng of the name of Bhubaa, who won fortune by the mght of hs arm,
and mprsoned her n hs treasury, though she s a gaddng dame. We
were two brothers n hs kngdom, carpenters by trade, skfu n makng
ngenous automata of wood and other materas, such as Maya|*| frst
nvented. My eder brother was by name Pr|n.|adhara, and he was nfatuated
wth ove for a fcke dame, and I, my ord, am named R|yadhara, and I
was ever devoted to hm. That brother of mne consumed a my father's
property and hs own, and some porton of what I had acqured, whch
meted by affecton I made over to hm. Then he, beng much nfatuated
about the ady, out of desre to stea weath for her sake, made a coupe of
swans of wood wth mechansm and strngs attached to them. That par
of swans was sent out at nght by pung the strngs, and enterng by
means of the mechanca contrvance nto the kng's treasury through a
wndow, they took from t wth ther beaks |ewes paced n a basket, and
returned to the house of my brother. And my eder brother sod the |ewes
and spent the money so acqured wth hs paramour, and n that way he
robbed the kng's treasury every nght, and though I tred to prevent hm,
he woud not gve up that mproper proceedng, for who, when bnded by
passon, dstngushes between rght and wrong? And then the keeper of
the treasury, as the kng's treasure-house was pundered nght after nght
wthout the bot beng moved, though there were no mce n t, for severa
days n successon enqured nto the matter, wthout sayng anythng, out
of fear, and then beng exceedngy vexed, went and tod the whoe matter
pany to the kng. Then the kng posted hm and some other guards
n the treasure-house at nght, wth orders to keep awake n order
to fnd out the truth of t. Those guards went nto the treasure-house
at mdnght, and whe there, saw my brother's two swans enterng there
* Here there s a pun, as the words may aso be construed "woven of exceent
threads."
* Maya was the archtect of the Datyas. Accordng to some Maya = Ptoemaes.
-----Fe: 404.png---------------------------------------------------------
by the wndow, mpeed by strngs. The swans moved round by means
of ther mechansm and took the |ewes, then the guards cut the strngs,
and took the swans to shew the kng n the mornng. And then,
my eder brother sad n a state of bewderment--"Brother, my two
swans have been sezed by the guards of the treasury, for the strngs have
become sack, and the pn of the mechansm has dropped. So we must
both of us eave ths pace mmedatey, for the kng, when he hears of t
n the mornng, w punsh us as theves. For we are both known to
be sked n mechanca contrvances. And I have here a charot wth a
pneumatc contrvance, whch qucky goes eght hundred yo|anas, f you
press a sprng. Let us go by means of t to-day to a dstant foregn and,
though exe may be dsagreeabe; for how can an ev deed, that s done n
despte of good advce, brng peasure to any one? Ths s the mature frut
of my wckedness n not obeyng your advce, whch has extended to nnocent
you, as we as to me." After sayng ths, my brother Prnadhara
mmedatey mounted wth hs famy that charot, that few through the
ar. But though he urged me, I woud not mount t, as t was aden wth
many peope, so he few up n t to the sky and went off to some dstant
pace.
When that Pr|n.|adhara,|*| who was rghty named, had gone off somewhere,
I, expectng that n the mornng I sngy shoud he exposed to danger
at the hands of the kng, mounted another charot wth a pneumatc
mechansm, whch I had mysef made, and qucky traveed two hundred
yo|anas from that pace. Then I agan started that ar-traveng charot,
and went another two hundred yo|anas. Then I eft my charot, terrfed
at fndng that I was near the sea, and traveng on my feet, reached n
course of tme ths cty whch was empty. And out of curosty I entered
ths paace, whch was fed wth garments, ornaments, and couches and a
the other convenences ft for a kng. And n the evenng I bathed n the
water of the garden-ake, and ate fruts, and gong to the roya bed refected
aone at nght--"What am I to do n ths unnhabted spot? So to-morrow
I w go hence to some pace or other, for I no onger need fear danger
from kng Bhubaa. "When I had thus refected, I went to seep, and
towards the end of nght a hero of dvne appearance, mounted on a peacock,
thus addressed me n a dream; "You must ve here, good sr, you must
not depart esewhere, and at the tme of meas you must go up to the
mdde court of the paace, and wat there." Thus he spoke, and dsappeared,
and I woke up and refected--"Undoubtedy ths heaveny pace
has been made by Krtkeya, and he has favoured me wth ths dream on
account of my merts n a former fe. I have turned up here because I am
to be happy dweng n ths town." I conceved ths hope and rose up,
* I. e. hodng fe.
-----Fe: 405.png---------------------------------------------------------
and sad the prayer for the day, and at the tme of eatng I went up
to the mdde court, and whe I was watng there, goden dshes were
paced n front of me, and there fe nto them from heaven food consstng
of ghee, mk, rce, boed rce and other thngs;|*| and any other knds
of food that I thought of, came to me as fast as I thought of them.
After eatng a ths, I fet comforted by the favour of the god. So, my
ord, I took up my abode n ths cty, wth kngy uxures comng to me
every day as fast as I wshed for them. But I do not obtan wves and
retnue by thnkng of them, so I made a these peope of wood. Though
I am a carpenter, snce I have come here I en|oy aone a the peasures of a
kng by the power of Destny, and my name s R|yadhara.|*|
"So repose, now, a day n ths god-but town, and I w attend upon
you to the best of my abty." After sayng ths, R|yadhara ed off
wth hm Naravhanadatta and Gomukha to the cty garden, there the
prnce bathed n the water of the ake and offered otuses to |'S|va, and
was conducted to the feastng-pace n the mdde court, and there
he and hs mnster en|oyed vands whch were paced before them by
R|yadhara, who stood n front of them, to whom they came as soon as
he thought of them. Then the eatng-ground was swept by some unseen
hand, and after they had taken bete, they drank wne and remaned n
great fecty. And after R|yadhara had eaten, the prnce retred to a
gorgeous couch, astonshed at the wonderfu nature of the town, whch
resembed the phosopher's stone. And when he coud not seep, on
account of hs recenty conceved ongng for Karprk, R|yadhara, who
was aso n bed, asked her story, and then sad to hm--"Why do you not
seep, auspcous sr? You w obtan your desred ove. For a far woman,
ke Fortune, of her own accord chooses a man of hgh courage. I have
had ocuar proof of ths, so hear the story; I w reate t to you."
Story of Arthaobha and hs beautfu
wfe.
That kng of Knch, Bhubaa,
whom I mentoned to you, had a rch
door-keeper, rghty named Arthaobha.|*| He had a beautfu wfe named
Mnapar. That Arthaobha, beng by professon a merchant, and on
account of hs avarce dstrustng hs servants, apponted that wfe of hs
to ook after hs busness n preference to them. She, though she dd not ke
t, beng obedent to hm, made bargans wth merchants and captvated a
men by her sweet form and speech. And Arthaobha, seeng that a the
* Cp. the Metamorphoses (Goden Ass) of Apucus, Lb. V, cap. III. Vsoque-
*statm
semrotundo suggestu propter nstrumentum c|oe|natorum, rata refectu suo
commodum
bens accumbt. Et co vn nectare eduumque varorum fercua coposa,
nuo servento, sed tantum sprtu quodam mpusa, submnstrantur.
* I. e., hodng or possessng a kngdom.
* I. e., greed of weath.
-----Fe: 406.png---------------------------------------------------------
saes of eephants, horses, |ewes, and garments that she made, brought n
a proft, re|oced exceedngy. And once on a tme there came there from
a dstant foregn and a merchant, named Sukhadhana, havng a arge stock
of horses and other commodtes. The moment Arthaobha heard that he
had come, he sad to hs wfe--"My dear, a merchant named Sukhadhana
has arrved from a foregn and, he has brought twenty thousand horses, and
nnumerabe pars of exceent garments made n Chna, so pease, go
and purchase from hm fve thousand horses and ten thousand pars of
garments, n order that wth the thousands of horses I aready possess and
those other fve, I may pay a vst to the kng, and carry on my commerce.
When commssoned n these words by that van Arthaobha, Mnapar
went to Sukhadhana; whose eyes were captvated by her beauty, and who
wecomed her gady. And she demanded from hm for a prce those horses
and garments. The merchant, overpowered wth ove, took her asde and
sad to her--"I w not gve you one horse or garment for money, but f
you w reman one nght wth me, I w gve you fve hundred horses and
fve thousand garments." After sayng ths, he socted that far one wth
even a arger amount; who does not fa n ove wth women, who are
aowed to go about wthout restrant? Then she answered hm--"I w
ask my husband about ths, for I know he w send me here out of excessve
cupdty.|*|" After sayng ths, she went home, and tod her husband
what the merchant Sukhadhana had sad to her secrety. And that wcked
covetous husband Arthaobha sad to her; "My dear, f you obtan fve
hundred horses and fve thousand pars of garments for one nght, what s
the harm n t. So go to hm now; you sha return qucky n the mornng."
When Mnapar heard ths speech of her mean-sprted husband's,
she began to debate n her heart, and thus refected--"Out on ths base
sprtess husband of mne that ses hs honour! By contnuay medtatng
on gan he has become a made up of the desre of gan. It s
better that the generous man, who buys me for one nght wth hundreds of
horses and thousands of peces of Chna sk, shoud be my husband."
Thus refectng, she took eave of her base husband, sayng; "It s not my
faut," and went to the house of that Sukhadhana. And he, when he saw
that she had come, after questonng her and hearng the whoe story from
her, was astonshed, and consdered hmsef fortunate n obtanng her.
And he sent off mmedatey to her husband Arthaobha the horses and
garments that were to purchase her, as agreed upon. And he remaned
that nght wth her, havng a hs wshes attaned, for she seemed ke
the fortune whch was the frut of hs own weath, ncarnate n body
form, at ast obtaned by hm. And n the mornng the base Arthaobha
* Cp. De Seben Wesen Mester c. 18, (Smrock's Deutsche Voksbcher, Vo.
XII, p. 185).
-----Fe: 407.png---------------------------------------------------------
sent, n hs shameessness, servants to summon her, whereupon Mnapar
sad to them, "How can I agan return to be the wfe of that man who
sod me to another? I am not as shameess as he s. Te me yourseves
f ths woud be becomng now. So depart, the man that bought me s
my husband." When the servants were thus addressed by her, they went
and repeated her words to Arthaobha wth downcast faces. The mean
feow, when he heard t, wanted to recover her by force; then a frend of
the name of Harabaa sad to hm; "You cannot recover her from that
Sukhadhana, for he s a hero, and I do not behod n you manness
correspondng
to hs. For he s moved to herosm by a woman that oves hm
on account of hs generosty, and he s mghty, and surrounded wth other
mghty men that have come wth hm. But you have been deserted by
your wfe, who separated from you because you sod her out of meanness,
and scorn makes you tmd, and beng reproached you have become
effemnate. Moreover you are not mghty, and you are not surrounded by
mghty frends, so how can you possby be capabe of vanqushng that
rva? And the kng w be angry wth you, when he hears of your crme
of seng your wfe; so keep quet, and do not make a rdcuous bunder."
Though hs frend tred to dssuade hm wth these words, Arthaobha
went and beset, n hs anger, the house of Sukhadhana wth hs retaners.
Whe he was thus engaged, Sukhadhana saed out wth hs frends and
retaners, and n a moment easy defeated the whoe of Arthaobha's force.
Then Arthaobha fed, and went nto the presence of the kng. And
conceang hs own wcked conduct, he sad to the kng,--"O kng, the
merchant Sukhadhana has carred off my wfe by force." And the kng, n
hs rage, wshed to arrest that Sukhadhana. Then a mnster of the name
of Sandhna sad to the kng--"In any case, my ord, you cannot arrest hm,
for when hs force s ncreased by that of the eeven frends who have come
wth hm, he w be found to have more than a hundred thousand exceent
horses. And you have not dscovered the truth about the matter, for hs
conduct w turn out to be not atogether wthout cause. So you had
better send a messenger, and ask what t s that ths feow here s chatterng
about." When kng Bhubaa heard ths, he sent a messenger to Sukhadhana
to ask about the matter. The messenger went, and asked about the
matter by the kng's order, and thereupon Mnapar tod hm her story.
When Bhubaa heard that wonderfu tae, he came to the house of
Sukhadhana to behod the beauty of Mnapar, beng fed wth excessve
curosty. There he behed, whe Sukhadhana bent before hm, Mnapar,
who wth the weath of her beauty woud astonsh even the Creator. She
prostrated hersef at hs feet, and he questoned her, and heard from her
own mouth how the whoe thng happened, Arthaobha beng present and
stenng. When he heard t, he thought t was true, because Arthaobha
-----Fe: 408.png---------------------------------------------------------
was speechess, and he asked that far one what was to be done now.
Then she sad decdedy, "How can I return to that sprtess avarcous
man, who sod me to another man wthout the excuse of dstress?" When
the kng heard ths, he sad, "We sad," and then Arthaobha bewdered
wth desre, wrath, and shame, excamed,--"Kng, et hm and me fght
wth our own retaners, wthout any auxary forces; then et t be seen
who s sprted and who s sprtess." When Sukhadhana heard ths, he
sad--"Then et us fght n snge combat, what need s there of
retaners? Mnapar sha be the prze of the vctor." When the kng
heard ths, he sad, "Good! so et t be!" Then, before the eyes of Mnapar
and the kng, they both entered the sts mounted. And n the course
of the combat, Sukhadhana ad Arthaobha on the pan, by hs horse's
rearng on account of a ance-wound. Then Arthaobha fe three tmes
more on the earth, on account of hs horse beng ked, but Sukhadhana,
who was a far fghter, restraned hmsef and woud not say hm. But
the ffth tme Arthaobha's horse fe upon hm, and brused hm, and he was
carred off by hs servants motoness. Then Sukhadhana was cheered by
a the spectators wth shouts of appause, and the kng Bhubaa honoured
hm as he deserved. And he mmedatey bestowed a gft of honour upon
the ady, and he confscated the property of Arthaobha, whch had been
acqured by unawfu means; and appontng another to hs offce, he departed
peased to hs paace. For good men derve satsfacton from
breakng off ther connecton wth the bad. And Sukhadhana, havng
mantaned hs cam by force, remaned en|oyng hmsef n the socety
of Mnapar hs ovng wfe.
"Thus wves and weath eave the mean-sprted man, and of ther
own accord come to the hgh-sprted man from every quarter. So dsmss
anxety! Go to seep! n a short tme, my ord, you w obtan that prncess
Karprk." When Naravhanadatta heard that sound advce o
Ra|yadhara's, he and Gomukha went off to seep.
And n the mornng, whe the prnce was watng awhe after hs
mea, the wse Gomukha addressed R|yadhara as foows: "Make such
an ngenous charot for my master, as that he sha be abe by means of t
to reach the cty of Karprasambhava, and obtan hs beoved." When
thus suppcated, that carpenter offered Naravhanadatta the charot wth a
pneumatc contrvance, that he had made before. He ascended that sky-
*traveng
charot, swft as thought, together wth Gomukha, and crossed
the deep, the home of monsters, that agtated ts waves as f exutng to
behod hs vaour, and reached the cty of Karprasambhava on ts shore.
There the charot descended from the sky, and he and Gomukha eft t,
and out of curosty wandered about nsde the town. And by questonng
the peope he found out that he had ndeed wthout doubt reached the
-----Fe: 409.png---------------------------------------------------------
desred cty, and deghted he went to the neghbourhood of the paace.
There he found a spendd house occuped by an od woman, and he entered
t to stay there, and she receved hm wth respect. And eager to ht upon
an artfce, he mmedatey asked that woman, "Nobe ady, what s the
name of the kng here, and what chdren has he? And te us of ther
appearance, for we are foregners." When he sad ths to the od woman,
she, seeng that he was of excessvey nobe form, answered--"Lsten, ustrous
sr, I w te you a. In ths cty of Karprasambhava there s a
kng named Karpraka. And he, havng no chdren, performed penance,
wth hs wfe Buddhkr, fastng, n honour of |'S|va, n order to obtan
offsprng.
After he had fasted for three nghts, the god |'S|va commanded
hm n a dream--'Rse up, a daughter sha be born to you, who sha be
superor to a son, and whose husband sha obtan the soveregnty of the
Vdydharas.' After recevng ths order from |'S|va, the kng woke up n
the mornng; and, after communcatng ths dream to hs wfe Buddhkr,
he rose up and went off deghted, and wth hs queen broke hs fast. And
then n a short tme that queen conceved by the kng, and when the perod
was competed, she brought forth a daughter beautfu n a her mbs. She
surpassed n spendour the ghts n the yng-n chamber,|*| and they, as t
were, heaved sghs by dschargng amp-back. And her father made
great re|ocngs, and gave her the name of Karprk, whch s hs own
name made femnne. And graduay that moonght of the eyes of the
peope, the prncess Karprk, has grown up, and s now n the fu boom
of youth. And her father, the kng here, desres to have her marred, but
the haughty gr detests men, and w not consent. And when my daughter,
who s her frend, put ths queston to her 'My dear, why do you not
desre marrage, the ony frut of a daughter's brth?' she answered,
'My dear, I remember my former brth, and the cause s somethng whch
happened then; hear t."
Story of the prncess Karprk n her
brth as a swan.
On the shore of the ocean there
s a great sanda-wood tree. Near
t there s a ake adorned wth fu-bown otuses. I was a femae swan
on that ake on account of my actons n a prevous brth. Once on a
tme, out of fear of the sea, I made a nest n that sanda-wood tree wth my
husband, who was a mae swan. When I was dweng n that nest, I had mae
offsprng born to me, and suddeny a great wave of the sea came and carred
them off. When the food carred away my chdren, out of gref I wept
and took no food; and remaned n front of a nga of |'S|va on the shore
of the sea. Then that mae swan, my husband, came to me and sad--"Rse
up, why do you ament your chdren that are dead, we sha get
other ones.|*| As ong as fe s preserved, everythng can be obtaned."
* See note on page 305.
* Cp. Herodotus III. 119; Antgone, vv. 909--912.
-----Fe: 410.png---------------------------------------------------------
Hs speech perced my heart ke an arrow, and I refected--"Aas!
maes are thus wckedy regardess of ther youthfu offsprng, and show no
affecton to, or compasson for ther femaes, though they are attached to
them. So of what comfort s ths husband to me? Of what use s ths
body that brngs ony pan?" Thus refectng, I prostrated mysef before
|'S|va, and devouty paced hm n my heart, and then n front of hs symbo,
before the eyes of the swan, my husband, I uttered ths prayer;
"May I become n the next brth a prncess rememberng my former
state,"--and thereupon I fung mysef nto the sea. Consequenty, I have
been born n ths fe such as you see. And because I remember the cruety
of that husband n a former brth, my mnd does not fee ncned to
any sutor. So I do not desre to be marred; the rest s n the hands of
Destny. "Ths s what the prncess sad then n prvate to my daughter,
and that daughter of mne came and tod t to me."
"So, my son, I have tod you what you asked me. And that prncess
s undoubtedy destned to be your wfe. For she was ong ago desgnated
by the god |'S|va as the wfe of the future emperor of the Vdydharas.
And I see that you are marked wth a the dstngushng sgns of an
emperor, such as the pecuar frecke, and other marks. Perhaps you are
some dstngushed person brought here by Provdence for that very
purpose. Rse up, for the present we w see what there s n my house
n the way of provson." After the od ady had tod hm ths, she
brought hm food, and he and Gomukha spent the nght there. And n
the mornng, the prnce deberated n prvate wth Gomukha as to the
steps to be taken, and then he assumed the dress of a P|'s|upata ascetc,
and accompaned by Gomukha, he went to the kng's gate, and roamed
about n front of t, cryng out agan and agan--"Ah my femae swan!
Ah my femae swan!" And the peope gazed at hm..|**P1: prnters error, too
many .| And when the
mads behed hm thus empoyed, they went n astonshment and sad to
the prncess Karprk; " Your Hghness! we have seen at the roya
gate a P|'s|upata ascetc who, though he has a feow, s unfeowed n
beauty,|*| and he contnuay utters these words, 'Ah my femae swan!
Ah my femae swan!' whch bewders the mnds of the women." When
the prncess heard ths, she, as havng been a swan n a former brth, was
fed wth curosty, and had hm, |ust as he was, conducted by her mads
nto her presence. And she saw that he was adorned wth nfnte beauty,
ke a new god of Love that had taken a vow to proptate |'S|'va. And she
sad to hm, when he ooked at her wth an eye expanded by curosty,
"What s ths that you are contnuay sayng, 'Ah! my femae swan! Ah!
my femae swan?'" Though she sad ths to hm, he went on to say--"Ah!
my femae swan!" Then hs companon Gomukha answered her;
"I w expan ths n a few words, sten, Your Hghness.
* A mere pun.
-----Fe: 411.png---------------------------------------------------------
"In a former brth he was a swan on the account of hs actons n an
anteror state of exstence. Then he but hmsef a nest n a sanda-wood
tree, on the bank of a great ake near the shore of the sea, and ved there
wth hs femae. And as t happened, ther offsprng n that nest were
swept away by a wave, and hs femae, dstracted wth gref, threw hersef
nto the sea. Then he, beng greved at separaton from her, and dsgusted
wth hs brd-nature, desrous of eavng that body, made a pous wsh n
hs heart--'May I be n a future fe a prnce rememberng my former
state, and may ths vrtuous femae swan be my wfe, rememberng her
former exstence aso.' Then he thought on |S'|va, and scorched wth the
fre of gref, fung that body nto the water of the sea. So he has been
now born, my far ady, as Naravhanadatta, the son of the kng of Vatsa
n Kau|'s|mb, wth the power of recoectng hs former exstence. When
he was born, a voce sad dstncty from heaven; 'Ths prnce sha be the
emperor of a the kngs of the Vdydharas.' In course of tme, when
he had become crown-prnce, he was marred by hs father to the goddess
Madanamanchuk of heaveny appearance, who had been born for a certan
reason as a woman. And then the daughter of a kng of the Vdydharas
named Hemaprabha, the maden Ratnaprabh, came of her own accord,
and chose hm for a husband. Nevertheess, thnkng on that femae
swan, he does not en|oy tranquty; and he tod ths to me, who have
been hs servant from my chdhood. Then, whe he was out huntng, t
happened that he and I had a meetng n the forest wth a hoy femae
hermt. And n the course of conversaton she sad to hm wth favourng
condescenson--'Owng to the effect of hs actons the god of Love,
my son, became a swan. And a heaveny femae, that had faen through
a curse, became hs dear wfe, when he was dweng, as a swan, n a sanda-
wood
tree on the bank of the sea. But she threw hersef nto the sea,
through gref at her offsprng havng been carred away by the tde, and
then the mae swan fung hmsef nto the sea aso. He has now by the
favour of |S'|va been born as yoursef, the son of the kng of Vatsa, and
you know of that former brth of yours, my son, for you remember your
former exstence. And that femae swan has been now born n
Karprasambhava,
a cty on the shore of the sea, as a prncess, Karprk by name.
Therefore, go there, my son, and wn her to wfe.' When the hoy femae
hermt had sad ths, she few up nto the sky and dsappeared. And ths
ord of mne, havng heard ths nformaton, mmedatey set out wth me
to come here. And beng attracted by ove for you, he rsked hs fe, and
after traversng a hundred dffcutes, he reached the shore of the sea.
There we had an ntervew wth the carpenter, named R|yadhara, who
dwes n Hemapura, and who gave us an ngenous charot. We have
mounted on ths terrbe machne, as f t were our courage havng taken
-----Fe: 412.png---------------------------------------------------------
shape,* and have crossed the perous guf of the sea, and arrved at ths town.
For ths reason, queen, my master wandered about, excamng, 'Ah my
femae swan!' unt he came nto your presence. Now, from the peasng
sght of the nobe moon of your countenance, he en|oys the remova of the
darkness caused by the presence of nnumerabe woes. Now, honour your
nobe guest wth the bue otus garand of your ook." When Karprk
heard ths fegned speech of Gomukha's, she thought t was true, reyng on
the fact that t harmonzed wth her own recoectons. And she meted n her
sou wth ove, and she thought, "After a ths husband of mne was attached
to me, and my despondency was causeess." And she sad--"I am n truth
that very femae swan, and I am fortunate n that my husband has for my
sake endured sufferng n two brths. So now I am your save, overcome
by ove;" and sayng ths, she honoured Naravhanadatta wth baths and
other hosptates. Then she nformed her father of a ths by the mouth
of her attendants, and he, the moment he heard t, came to her. Then the
kng thought hmsef fortunate, havng seen that hs daughter had conceved
a desre to be marred, and that an approprate sutor for her had at
ength arrved n Naravhanadatta, who was marked wth a the sgns of a
great emperor. And he gave, wth a due honour, hs daughter Karprk
to Naravhanadatta accordng to the prescrbed form. And he gave to
that son-n-aw of hs, at every crcumambuaton from eft to rght of the
sacred fre, thrty mons of god-peces, and as many umps of camphor,
the heaps of whch appeared ke the peaks of Meru and Kasa that had
wtnessed the marrage of Prvat, come to behod hs magnfcence.
Moreover the kng Karpraka, who had attaned hs wsh, gave
Naravhanadatta
a hundred mons of exceent garments and three hundred femae saves
we adorned. And Naravhanadatta, after hs marrage, remaned wth that
Karprk, as f wth affecton ncarnate n body form. Whose mnd was
not deghted at the unon of that coupe, whch resembed the marrage of
the sprng-creeper and the sprng-festva?
And on the next day Naravhanadatta, who had attaned hs ob|ect,
sad to hs beoved Karprk, "Come, et us go to Kau|'s|mb." Then she
answered hm--"If t s to be so, why shoud we not go there mmedatey
n ths charot of yours that fes through the ar? If t s too sma, I w
furnsh another arge one, for there s vng here a mechanc who makes
ngenous charots, who has come from a foregn and, Pr|n.|adhara by name;
I w cause hm qucky to make such a charot." After sayng ths, she
caed the warder that kept the door, and sad to hm--"Go and order that
charot-maker Pr|n.|adhara to prepare a arge charot, that w trave
through the ar, for us to start n." Then the queen Karprk,
havng dsmssed the warder, nformed her father by the mouth of a save
* I read wth a MS. n the Sans|k.|rt Coege--bhayade h mrta va shase.
-----Fe: 413.png---------------------------------------------------------
of her desre to depart. And whe the kng, on hearng t, was comng
thther, Naravhanadatta thus refected; "Ths Pr|n.|adhara s certany the
brother of R|yadhara, whom he descrbed as havng run away from hs
natve and through fear of hs kng." Whe he was thus thnkng, the kng
qucky arrved, and that mechanc Pr|n.|adhara came wth the warder, and
sad--"I have ready-made a very arge charot, whch w easy carry at ths
nstant thousands of men." When the mechanc sad ths, Naravhanadatta
sad "Bravo!" and asked hm courteousy; "Are you the eder
brother of R|yadhara, sked n varous very great mechanca contrvances?"
And Pr|n.|adhara answered hm, bowng before hm--"I am
that very brother of hs, but how does Your Hghness know about us?"
Then Naravhanadatta tod hm what R|yadhara had tod hm, and how
he had seen hm. Then Pr|n.|adhara |oyfuy brought hm the charot, and
he mounted t wth Gomukha, after havng been potey dsmssed by hs
father-n-aw the kng, and after bddng farewe to hm; but frst he
paced n t the saves, camphor and god. And he took wth hm Pr|n.|adhara,
whom the kng permtted to depart, and that head-warder, and hs
recenty marred wfe Karprk; and hs mother-n-aw uttered a soemn
prayer for a bessng on hs |ourney, and from those stores of spendd
garments he bestowed gfts on the Brhmans; and he sad to
Pr|n.|adhara--"Frst
et us go to R|yadhara on the shore of the sea, and then home."
Then the charot was drven on by Pr|n.|adhara, and the kng and hs wfe
few up nto the ar qucky by means of t, as f by hs accompshed wsh.*
In a moment he crossed the sea, and reached agan that cty of Hemapura
on ts shore, the abode of that R|yadhara. There R|yadhara bowed
before hm, deghted at behodng hs brother, and as he had no femae
saves, the prnce honoured hm wth the gft of some, at whch he greaty
re|oced. And after takng eave of R|yadhara, whose tears fowed fast,
as he coud hardy bear to part from hs eder brother, the prnce reached
Kau|'s|mb n that same charot. Then the peope, on behodng the prnce
unexpectedy descend from heaven, rdng n that spendd charot, foowed
by hs retaners, and accompaned by hs new brde, were much astonshed.
And hs father, the kng of Vatsa, havng gathered from the exutatons of
the ctzens that hs son had arrved, was deghted, and went out to meet
hm, accompaned by the queen, the mnsters, hs daughter-n-aw, and
other persons. And the kng, behodng that son prostrate at hs feet wth
hs wfe, receved hm gady, and thought that the fact, that he was to be
the future emperor of the aera sprts, was ceary reveaed by hs comng n
a fyng charot. Hs mother Vsavadatt, wth Padmvat, embraced hm,
and she shed a tear, whch dropped ke the knot of pan oosened by seeng
hm. And hs wfe Ratnaprabh was deghted, and Madanamanchuk
* "Wsh" s teray "charot of the mnd," so here there s a pun.
-----Fe: 414.png---------------------------------------------------------
aso, and ther |eaousy beng overcome by ove for hm, they embraced hs
feet, and won hs heart at the same tme. And the prnce deghted hs
father's mnsters, headed by Yaugandharyana, and hs own, headed by
Marubht, when they bowed before hm, by rewardng them as they
severay deserved. And they a, wth the kng of Vatsa at ther head,
wecomed that new wfe Karprk, who bowed becomngy before them,
ke the goddess of Fortune arrved surrounded by a hundred mmorta
nymphs, even the sster-shape of Am|r.|ta,|*| openy brought by her husband,
havng crossed the sea adorned wth ts shore as a garment wth a beautfu
frnge. And the kng of Vatsa honoured that warder of her father's,
gvng hm many crores of god-peces, garments and umps of camphor,
whch had been brought n the charot. And the kng then honoured
Pr|n.|adhara as the benefactor of hs son Naravhanadatta, who had ponted
hm out as the maker of the charot. And then the kng honoured
Gomukha, and asked hm |oyfuy, "How dd you obtan ths prncess?
And how dd you start from ths pace?" And then Gomukha defty tod
the kng of Vatsa, wth hs wves and mnsters, n prvate, the whoe adventure,
as t took pace, begnnng wth ther gong to the forest to hunt,----how
they met the femae hermt, and how they crossed the sea by means of the
charot provded by R|yadhara, and how Karprk was obtaned wth her
femae attendants, though she was averse to marrage, and how they
returned by the way by whch they went, n a charot whch they obtaned
by fndng Pr|n.|adhara. Then a of them, shakng ther heads n astonshment
and |oy, sad--"To thnk of the concurrence of a these crcumstances,
the chase, and the femae ascetc, the carpenter R|yadhara sked
n mechanca contrvances found on the shore of the sea, the crossng the
ocean n the charot that he made, and that another maker of these charots
shoud have prevousy reached the other sde of the ocean! The truth
s, Destny takes troube to provde the fortunate wth the means of
obtanng prosperous success." Then a respectfuy commended
Gomukha for hs devoton to hs ord. And they prased queen Ratnaprabh,
who by her knowedge protected her ord on hs |ourney, for she produced
genera satsfacton by actng ke a woman devoted to her husband.
Then Naravhanadatta, havng made hs party of ar-traveers forget the
fatgues of ther |ourney, entered hs paace wth hs father, and mother, hs
wves and other reatons. Then hs treasury was fed wth heaps of god
by the frends and reatons who came to see hm, and whom he honoured,
and he oaded Pr|n.|adhara and hs father-n-aw's warder wth weath.
And Pr|n.|adhara, mmedatey after he had taken food, respectfuy addressed
ths petton to hm--"Prnce, kng Karprk gave us the foowng
* Both |S'|r and the Am|r.|ta came out of the sea when t was churned.
Suda|'s|rha
kena seems to be corrupt.
-----Fe: 415.png---------------------------------------------------------
order--'You must come back qucky as soon as my daughter has reached her
husband's paace, n order that I may have eary news of her arrva.' So
we must certany go there qucky ths very moment; gve us a etter
from Karprk to the kng wrtten wth her own hand. For otherwse
the heart of the kng, whch s attached to hs daughter, w not take comfort.
For he, never havng mounted an ar-charot, fears that we may
have faen from t. So gve me the etter, and permt ths head-warder,
who s desrous of ascendng the charot, to depart wth me. But I w
return here, crown-prnce, and w brng my famy, for I cannot abandon
the two ambrosa otuses of your feet." When Pr|n.|adhara sad ths frmy,
the son of the kng of Vatsa mmedatey made Karprk st down to
wrte that etter. It ran as foows, "My father, you must not fee
anxous about me, snce I share the happness and possess the ove of a good
husband; was the goddess Lakshm an ob|ect of anxety to the ocean after
she had betaken hersef to the Supreme Brdegroom?" When she had
wrtten the above etter wth her own hand, and gven t, the son of the
kng of Vatsa dsmssed the warder and Pr|n.|adhara wth honour. And they
ascended the charot, and produced astonshment n the mnds of a, as
they were seen gong through the ar, and crossng the sea they went to
the cty of Karprasambhava. There they deghted the kng Karpraka
by readng out hs daughter's etter, whch tod that she had reached her
husband's paace. The next day Pr|n.|adhara took eave of the kng, and
after vstng R|yadhara, repared wth hs famy nto the presence of
Naravhanadatta. Naravhanadatta, when he had returned thus qucky
after accompshng hs msson, gave hm a dweng near hs paace and
an ampe aowance. And he amused hmsef, and hs wves, by gong about
n the fyng charots made by hm, as f rehearsng future |ourneyngs n
the skes as emperor of the Vdydharas.
Thus, havng deghted hs frends, foowers and wves, and obtaned
a thrd wfe Karprk n addton to Ratnaprabh and Madanamanchuk,
the son of the kng of Vatsa spent those days n happness.
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|Bank Page|
-----Fe: 417.png---------------------------------------------------------
BOOK VIII.
CHAPTER XLIV.
Vctory to the eephant-headed god,|*| who, reddenng the sky wth the
vermon dye shaken off by the wnd of hs fappng ears, seems to create
sunset, even when t s not due.
Thus Naravhanadatta, the son of the kng of Vatsa, dwet happy n
hs father's house, after he had won those wves. And one day, when he
was n hs father's assemby-ha, he saw a man of heaveny appearance
come there, descendng from heaven. And after he and hs father had
wecomed the man, who bowed before hm, he mmedatey asked hm,
"Who are you and why have you come?" Then he answered--"There s a
cty n ths earth on the rdge of Hmavat, caed Va|rakta,|*| and rghty so
eaed, as beng a made of damond. There I dwet, as a kng of the
Vdydharas named Va|raprabha, and my name too was rghty gven me,
because my body s framed of damond. And I receved ths command
from S'va, (who was peased wth my austertes,) "If thou remanest
oya at the apponted tme to the emperor created by me, thou
shat become by my favour nvncbe to thy enemes." Accordngy I have
come here wthout deay to pay my respects to my soveregn: for I have
aready perceved by means of my scence that the son of the kng of Vatsa,
(who s born of a porton of the god of Love, and apponted by the god who
wears a dgt of the moon,) though a morta, sha be soe emperor over both
dvsons of our terrtory.|*| And though, by the favour of 'Sva, a prnce of the
name of S'uryaprabha was ruer over us for a kapa of the gods, st he was
ony ord n the southern dvson, but n the northern dvson a prnce caed
S'ruta'sarman was emperor; but your ma|esty, beng destned for great good
fortune, sha be soe emperor here over tho wanderers of the ar, and your
domnon sha endure for a kapa."
* . e., Gane'sa.
* . e., Damond-peak.
* For ubhayavedyeka the Petersburg excographers read ubhayavedyardha. I
have
foowed ths readng.
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When the Vdydhara sad ths, Naravhanadatta, n the presence of
the kng of Vatsa, sad to hm agan out of curosty: "How dd Sryaprabha,
beng a man, obtan of od tme the soveregnty over the Vdydharas?
Te us." Then n prvate, that s to say, n the presence of the queens
and mnsters, the kng Va|raprabha began to te that tae.
Story of Sryaprabha, and how he
attaned soveregnty over the Vdydharas.
Of od there was n the country
of the peope of Madra a town
named |'S|kaa;|*| Chandraprabha, the son of Angraprabha, was kng of
t, whose name expressed hs nature, as he deghted the whoe word, but
he was ke fre n that he scorched hs enemes. By hs wfe, named Krtmat,
there was born to that kng a son, whose future gory was ndcated
by hs exceedngy auspcous marks. And when he was born, a cear voce
sounded from heaven, whch raned nectar nto the ears of kng
Chandraprabha,
"Ths kng, now born, named Sryaprabha, s apponted by |'S|va
as the future emperor over the kngs of the Vdydharas. Then that
prnce Sryaprabha grew up n the house of hs father, who was dstngushed
by the deghtfu favour of the enemy of Pura,|*| and he beng very
cever, graduay acqured, whe st a chd, a knowedge and a the
accompshments
by sttng at the feet of a teacher; and then, when he was sxteen
years od, and captvated the sub|ects by hs vrtues, hs father Chandraprabha
apponted hm crown-prnce, and he gave hm the sons of hs
own mnsters, many n number, Bhsa, Prabhsa, Sddhrtha, Prahasta
and others. And whe he was bearng wth them the burden of a crown-prnce's
duty, one day a great Asura of the name of Maya came there,
and Maya went up n the assemby-ha to kng Chandraprabha, who
wecomed hm, and sad to hm n the presence of Sryaprabha, "Kng,
ths son of yours, Sryaprabha, has been apponted as the future emperor
of the kngs of the Vdydharas by |'S|va; so why does he not acqure the
magc scences that w put hm n possesson of the dgnty? For ths reason I
am sent here by the god |'S|va. Permt me to take hm, and teach hm the
rght method of empoyng the scences, whch w be the cause of hs
obtanng the soveregnty of the Vdydharas. For he has a rva n ths
busness, a ord of the sky-goers named |'S|ruta|'s|arman; he too has been
apponted by |'S|va. But ths prnce, after acqurng the power of the
scences, sha conquer hm wth our hep, and become emperor over the
ords of the Vdydharas." When Maya sad ths, kng Chandraprabha
sad--"We are fortunate; et ths auspcous one be taken by you
wherever you wsh." Then Maya took eave of the kng, and qucky carred
off to Pta Sryaprabha and hs mnsters, whom the kng permtted to de-*
* Identfed by Genera Cunnngham wth the Sangaa of Aexander. (Ancent
Geography of Inda, p. 179 & ff.)
* . e., |'S|va.
-----Fe: 419.png---------------------------------------------------------
part. There he taught the prnce ascetc practces of such a knd, that by
means of them the prnce and hs mnsters qucky acqured the scences.
And he taught hm aso the art of provdng hmsef wth magc charots,
so that he acqured a charot named Bhtsana. Then Maya brought
Sryaprabha, mounted on that charot, wth hs mnsters, havng acqured
the scences, back to hs own cty from Pta. And after he had ed hm
nto the presence of hs parents, he sad to hm, "Now I depart, en|oy here
a the en|oyments gven by your magc knowedge unt I return." After
sayng ths, the Asura Maya departed, after havng been duy honoured,
and kng Chandraprabha re|oced n hs son's havng acqured the scences.
Then Sryaprabha, by vrtue of the scences, was contnuay roamng
through many countres n hs charot, wth hs mnsters, to amuse hmsef.
And wherever any prncess behed hm, she was mmedatey bewdered
by ove, and chose hm for her husband. The frst was the vrgn daughter
of the kng of Tmrapt, who was caed Vrabha|t.|a; her name was
Madanasen, and she was the frst beauty of the word. The second was
Chandrkvat the daughter of Subha|t.|a, the emperor of the western border,
who had been carred off by the Sddhas and eft somewhere ese. And
the thrd was the famous daughter of Kumbhra, the kng of the cty of
Knch, Varu|n.|asen by name, remarkabe for her beauty. And the fourth
was the daughter of kng Paurava, soveregn of Lvnaka, Suochan by
name, wth ovey eyes. And the ffth was the daughter of kng Suroha,
the ord of the and of Chna, Vdyunm wth charmng mbs, yeow
as god. And the sxth was the daughter of kng Kntsena, ruer n the
and of |'S|rka|n.||t.|ha, surpassng n beauty the Apsarases. And the seventh
was Parapush|t.|, the daughter of kng |aname|aya, the ord of the cty of
Kau|'s|mb, a sweet-voced mad. And though the reatons of these
madens, who were carred off by a surprse, found out what had happened,
st, as the prnce was confdent n the mght of hs supernatura scence,
they were pant as canes. These wves aso acqured the scences, and
Sryaprabha assocated wth them a at the same tme, takng many bodes
by hs magc sk. Then he amused hmsef, n the company of these
wves, and of the mnsters Prahasta and others, wth roamng n the ar,
wth concerts, drnkng-partes and other amusements. Possessng heaveny
sk n pantng, he drew the Vdydhara femaes, and n that way,
and by makng sportve sarcastc speeches, he enraged those charmers,
and he was amused at ther faces, furrowed wth frowns, and wth reddened
eyes, and at ther speeches, the syabes of whch fatered on ther trembng
ps. And that prnce went wth hs wves to Tmrapt, and roamng
through the ar sported n the gardens wth Madanasen. And havng
eft hs wves there, he went n the charot Bhtsana, and accompaned by
Prahasta ony, vsted the cty caed Va|rartra. There he carred off the
-----Fe: 420.png---------------------------------------------------------
daughter of kng Rambha before hs eyes, Trva by name, who was
enamoured of hm, and burnng wth the fre of ove. And he came back
to Tmrapt, and there carred off agan another maden prncess, by name
Vsn. And when her haughty brother Sahasryudha was annoyed at
t, he parayzed hm by hs supernatura power. And he aso stupefed
Sahasryudha's mother's brother, who came wth hm, and a hs retaners,
and made hs head shorn of har, because he wshed to carry off hs beoved
ones. But though he was angry, he spared to say them both, because
they were hs wfe's reatves, but he taunted them, who were downcast
on account of the overthrow of ther prde, and et them go. Then Sryaprabha,
surrounded by nne wves, havng been summoned by hs father,
returned n hs charot to hs cty |'S|kaa.
And then kng Vrabha|t.|a sent from Tmrapt an ambassador to
Sryaprabha's
father, kng Chandraprabha, and gave hm the foowng message to
dever--"Your son has carred off my two daughters, but et that be, for he
s a desrabe husband for them, as he s a master of supernatura scences,
but, f you ove us, come here now, n order that we may make a frendshp
based upon the due performance of marrage rtes and hosptaty." Thereupon
kng Chandraprabha rewarded the messenger, and determned that he
woud qucky start for that pace on the morrow. But he sent Prahasta,
as an ambassador to Vrabha|t.|a, n order to make sure of hs sncerty, and
gave hm Bhtsana to trave n. Prahasta went qucky and had an ntervew
wth kng Vrbha|t.|a|**nconsstent speng; shoud be 'Vrabha|t.|a'?|, and
questoned hm about the busness, and was
nformed and hghy honoured by hm,|*| and promsed hm, who smed
gracousy, that hs masters woud come eary next mornng, and then he
returned n a moment to Chandraprabha through the ar. And he tod
that kng that Vrabha|t.|a was ready to receve hm. The kng, for hs
part, beng peased, shewed honour to that mnster of hs son's. Then
kng Chandraprabha wth queen Krtmat, and Sryaprabha wth Vsn
and Madanasen, mounted that charot Bhtsana, and went off eary next
day wth retnue and mnsters. In one watch ony of the day they reached
Tmrapt, beng behed, as they passed through the ar, by the peope
wth eyes the ashes of whch were uprased through wonder. And descendng
from the sky, they entered the cty sde by sde wth kng Vrabha|t.|a, who
came out to meet them; the beautfu streets of the town were rrgated
at every step wth sanda-wood water, and seemed to be strewed wth bue
otuses by means of the sdeong gances of the cty ades. There Vrabha|t.|a
honoured hs connexon and hs son-n-aw, and duy performed the
marrage ceremony of hs daughters. And kng Vrabha|t.|a gave at the
marrage-atar of those daughters, a thousand oads of pure god, and a
hundred cames aden wth burdens of ornaments made of |ewes; and fve
* I read bodhta|h.|.
-----Fe: 421.png---------------------------------------------------------
hundred cames aden wth oads of varous garments, and ffty thousand
horses, and fve thousand eephants, and a thousand ovey women adorned
wth beauty and |ewes. And moreover he gratfed hs son-n-aw Sryaprabha
and hs parents wth vauabe |ewes and terrtores. And he duy
honoured hs mnsters, Prahasta and others, and he made a feast at whch
a the peope of the cty re|oced. And Sryaprabha remaned there n
the company of hs parents, and hs beoved wves, en|oyng deghts,
consstng of varous dantes, wnes, and musc.
In the meanwhe an ambassador arrved from Rambha n Va|rartra,
and n the ha of assemby devered ths message from hs master: "The
crown-prnce Sryaprabha, confdng n the mght of hs scences, has nsuted
us by carryng off our daughter. But to-day we have come to know, that
he has undertaken to be reconced to kng Vrabha|t.|a, whose msfortune s
the same as ours. If n the same way you agree to be reconced to us,
eome here aso qucky, f not, we w n ths matter save our honour by
death." When kng Chandraprabha heard that, he honoured the ambassador,
and sad to hm, "Go to that Rambha and gve hm ths message from
me: 'Why do you affct yoursef wthout cause? For Sryaprabha s now
apponted by |'S|va the future emperor of the Vdydharas; and nspred sages
have decared that your daughter and others are to be hs wves. So your
daughter has attaned her proper pace, but you beng stern were not asked
for her. So be appeased, you are our frend, we w come to your resdence
aso.'" When Prahasta receved ths message from the kng, he
went through the ar, and n a snge watch he reached Va|rartra.
There he tod hs message to Rambha, and havng been gady receved by
hm, he returned as he came, and reported t to kng Chandraprabha. Then
Chandraprabha sent hs mnster Prabhsa, and had kng Rambha's daughter
Trva conducted to hm from |'S|kaa. Then he departed n the ar-charot
wth Sryaprabha, beng dsmssed wth great honour by kng Vrabha|t.|a
and a others. And he reached Va|rartra, whch was fu of peope
awatng hs arrva, and was met by Rambha, and entered hs paace.
There Rambha, havng performed the great feast of the marrage ceremony,
gave hs daughter countess stores of god, eephants, horses, |ewes, and
other vauabes. And he gratfed so avshy hs son-n-aw Sryaprabha,
that he forgot a hs own uxures. And whe they were remanng there
deghted wth feasts, an ambassador came from the cty of Knch to Rambha.
Rambha havng heard hs message, sad to kng Chandraprabha--"Kng,
the ord of Knch, named Kumbhra, s my eder brother; he has
to-day sent me a trustworthy messenger to speak ths speech; 'Sryaprabha
frst carred off my daughter, then yours. And now you have made frendshp
wth hm and hs father, as I hear, so brng about my frendshp aso
wth them. Let them come to my house, that I may wth my own hand
-----Fe: 422.png---------------------------------------------------------
gve my daughter Varu|n.|asen to Sryaprabha.' So grant ths request of
my brother's." When Rambha made ths request, Chandraprabha granted
t, and sent Prahasta and had Varu|n.|asen brought qucky from the cty
of |'S|kaa to her father Kumbhra. And the next day, he and Sryaprabha
and Rambha, and Vrabha|t.|a and a, wth ther attendants, went to the
cty of Knch. And after they had been met by Kumbhra, they entered
the cty of Knch, as t were the grde of the earth, fu of many |ewes
and adorned wth exceences.|*| There Kumbhra bestowed hs daughter
on Sryaprabha wth the usua ceremones, and gave much weath to the
young coupe.
And when the marrage had taken pace, Prahasta, after takng food,
sad to Chandraprabha, who was a |oyfuness, n the presence of a,
"Kng, n the country of |'S|rka|n.||t.|ha I had an ntervew wth the kng of that
and; there kng Kntsena whom I thus happened to see, sad to me--'Let
Sryaprabha come to my house wth that daughter of mne, whom he has
carred off, I w perform the ceremony for hm accordng to rue. If he
refuses, I w abandon the body, dstracted by ove for my daughter.'
Ths s what he then sad to me, and I have now mentoned t on the
proper occason." When Prahasta sad ths, kng Chandraprabha answered,
"Go then, take Kntmat to hm, we w go there aso." When the kng
sad ths to hm, Prahasta went off that moment through the ar, and dd as
he had commanded. And next mornng Chandraprabha and a, wth Kumbhra,
went to the and of |'S|rka|n.||t.|ha n the ar-traveng charot. There
kng Kntsena came to meet them, and makng them enter hs paace,
performed the auspcous ceremony of hs daughter's marrage. Then he
gave to Kntmat and Sryaprabha an endess quantty of |ewes, whch,
excted the wonder of the kngs.
Whe they were a remanng there, en|oyng a knds of peasures, a
messenger came from Kau|'s|mb and sad--"Kng |aname|aya sends ths
message to your honours, 'My daughter, of the name of Parapusht, has
been carred off by some one atey. And I have found out to-day, that
she has come nto the power of Sryaprabha, so et hm come wth her
to my house wthout fear. I w perform the marrage ceremony accordng
to rue, and so dsmss hm wth hs wfe, otherwse you w be my
enemes, and I sha be yours.' "Havng thus devered hs master's
message, the ambassador remaned sent: then kng Chandraprabha sad to
them apart--"How can we go to the house of that kng who sends such
haughty messages?" When the kng's mnster named Sddhrtha heard
that, he sad, "Do not entertan wrong notons, kng, for he s |ustfed n
* Knch means grde, gu|n.|a exceence and thread. The ast cause mght be
transated--made of threads.
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usng such anguage. For that kng s very generous, earned and sprung of
a nobe race, a hero, one who has offered the A|'s|vamedha sacrfce, ever
unconquered
by others. How can he have spoken anythng unbecomng n speakng
accordng to facts? And as for the enmty whch he threatens, he does
that now on account of Indra. So you must go to hs house, for he s a
kng fathfu to hs engagements. Nevertheess send some one to fnd out
hs ntentons." When they heard ths speech of Sddhrtha's, they a
approved t. Then kng Chandraprabha sent Prahasta to sound |aname|aya,
and honoured hs messenger. And Prahasta went, and after makng
an agreement wth the kng of Kau|'s|mb, brought a etter from hm, and
satsfed Chandraprabha. The kng qucky sent that Prahasta, and had
Parapush|t.| conducted from |'S||.a|kaa to |aname|aya. Then Chandraprabha
and the other kngs, preceded by Suryaprabha,|*| wth Kntsena, went to
Kau|'s|mb n the charot. There the kng |aname|aya courteousy honoured
hs son-n-aw, and hs connexon and a the others, by advancng to meet
them, and other ceremones. And after he had performed the ceremony of
the marrage-rte, he gave fve thousand eephants and one hundred thousand
exceent horses, and aso fve thousand cames aden wth fu burdens
of |ewes, god, precous appare, camphor and aoes-wood. And he made such
a feast, that even the ream of Puto was excusvey engaged n dancng
and musc, a feast n whch exceent Brhmans were honoured, and a
kngs gratfed.
And n the meanwhe the heaven there suddeny became red, as f ndcatng
that t woud soon be dyed crmson wth bood. And the sky
suddeny became fu of confused hurtng noses, as f terrfed at behodng
a hoste army comng n the ar. And a mghty wnd mmedatey
began to bow, as f exctng the nhabtants of earth to war aganst the
wanderers of the ar. And mmedatey a great Vdydhara army was seen
n the ar, umnatng wth brghtness the crce of the horzon, oud-shoutng,
mpetuous. And n the mdst of t Sryaprabha and the others
behed wth astonshment a very handsome heaveny youth. And at that
moment the herad of the Vdydharas procamed wth a oud voce n
front of that youth, whose name was Dmodara: "Vctory to the crown-prnce
Dmodara son of kng Ash|d.|ha! O morta, dweer on the earth,
Sryaprabha, fa at hs feet. And do homage, O |aname|aya; why have
you gven your daughter to an undeserver? Proptate, both of you, ths
god at once, otherwse he w not be appeased." When Sryaprabha
heard ths, and saw that army, he was wroth, and sezng hs sword and
shed, he few up nto the heaven by hs scence. And a hs mnsters
few up after hm, wth ther weapons n ther hands, Prahasta, and Prabh-*
* I read Sryaprabha for Sryachandra.
-----Fe: 424.png---------------------------------------------------------
*sa, and Bhsa, and Sddhrtha, and Pra|n|d.|hya, and Sarvadamana, and
Vtabht
and |'S|ubhankara. And the Vdydharas fought a great fght wth them.
And on one sde Sryaprabha, and on the other Dmodara advanced, not
sayng ther enemes wth ther swords, but recevng ther weapons on
ther sheds. Those men, few n number, and those ar-roamers, a hundred
thousand n number, found equaty n batte, fghtng wth one another.
And a sword-bades there fashed red wth bood, fang on the heads of
heroes, ke the gances of the god of death. And the Vdydharas fe on the
earth wth ther heads and ther bodes, n front of Chandraprabha, as f
mporng protecton out of fear. Sryaprabha shone n the word wth the
gory of the Vdydharas whch he had seen. The sky was red wth bood,
as f wth vermon shed abroad. And Sryaprabha at ast reached, and
fought face to face wth Dmodara, who was armed wth a sword and a
shed. And as he fought, he broke through hs enemy's guard by a skfu
management of hs weapons, and ad hm on the earth, havng ceft hs
shed wth hs sword. And whe he was preparng to cut off the head of
hs struggng foe, Vsh|n.|u came and made a threatenng sound n the sky.
Then Sryaprabha, havng heard that sound, and havng behed Har,
prostrated hmsef, and out of respect for the god spared to say Dmodara.
Har carred hm off somewhere as hs votary, and saved hm from death, for
the adorabe one devers n ths word and the next hs fathfu foowers.
And the troops of Dmodara fed n dfferent drectons. Sryaprabha, for
hs part, descended from heaven to hs father's sde. And hs father
Chandraprabha
wecomed hm, on hs returnng unwounded wth hs mnsters, and
the other kngs prased hm, now that hs vaour had been seen.
And whe they were a engaged n |oyfuy takng over the combat,
another ambassador, beongng to Subha|t.|a, arrved there. And he came
and devered a etter n the presence of Chandraprabha; and Sddhrtha,
openng t, read t out n the assemby: It ran as foows, "The august kng
Chandraprabha, the pear-|ewe of a nobe race, s thus respectfuy socted
by kng Subha|t.|a n the Concan. We have earnt that our daughter, who was
carred off by some beng n the nght, has come nto the hands of thy son,
and we re|oce thereat. Make an effort, thou and thy son Sryaprabha,
to come wth her to our house, wthout rasng any ob|ecton, n order
that we may behod our daughter, returned as t were from the other word,
and perform for her at once the ceremony requred for marrage." When ths
etter was read by Sddhrtha, the kng Chandraprabha, consentng, wecomed
the messenger and re|oced. And he qucky sent Prahasta to the western
border, and had Subha|t.|a's daughter Chandrkvat conducted nto her
father's
presence. And the next mornng they a went, wth Sryaprabha n front,
and n company wth |aname|aya, n the charot to the western border.
There kng Subha|t.|a, peased at recoverng hs daughter, shewed them
-----Fe: 425.png---------------------------------------------------------
much honour, and ceebrated hs daughter's marrage festva. And he
bestowed
on Chandrkvat |ewes and other gfts n such bera profuson, that
Vrabha|t.|a and the others were ashamed at what they had gven. Then,
whe Sryaprabha was remanng there n the house of hs father-n-aw,
there came from Lvnaka aso an ambassador beongng to kng Paurava.
He devered to Chandraprabha ths message from hs master, "My
daughter Suochan has been carred off by the fortunate prnce Sryaprabha:
that does not greve me; but why shoud he not be brought wth her to
my house, n order that we may perform the marrage ceremony?" When
kng Chandraprabha heard that, he honoured the messenger n hs |oy, and
had Suochan escorted by Prahasta nto the presence of her father. Then
they, Subha|t.|a and a, n the company of Sryaprabha, went to Lavnaka
n the charot, that came as soon as t was thought of. There Paurava
performed the |oyfu marrage ceremony, and bestowed |ewes beray on
Sryaprabha and Suochan, and honoured the kngs aso. And whe they
were remanng there n deght, entertaned by the kng, Suroha, the
kng of Chna, aso sent an ambassador. That kng, ke the others, requested
by the mouth of the ambassador that, as hs daughter had been
carred off, they woud come wth her to hs paace.
Then kng Chandraprabha was deghted, and he had the kng of
Chna's daughter, Vdyunm, aso conducted by Prahasta to her father's
house. And on the next day Chandraprabha and a went, ncudng
Paurava, together wth Sryaprabha and hs retnue, to the and of Chna.
There the kng came out to meet them, and ed them nto hs own treasure-
chamber,
and there performed the marrage ceremony of hs daughter.
And he gave to Vdyunm and Sryaprabha an mmense quantty of
god, eephants, horses, |ewes and sk garments. And beng nvted by
Suroha, Chandraprabha and the others contnued there for some days n
varous en|oyments. And Sryaprabha, who was n the prme of youth,
was adorned by that Vdyunm,|*| as the rany season, when the couds
abound, s adorned by the ghtnng-garand.
Thus Sryaprabha and hs reatves, accompaned by hs varous
charmers, en|oyed deghts here and there n the houses of hs fathers-n-aw.
Then he took counse wth Sddhrtha and hs other mnsters, and
dsmssed one by one to ther own ands Vrabha|t.|a and the other kngs,
wth numbers of horses, and then took eave of that kng Suroha,
and accompaned by hs daughter, wth hs own parents and foowers
ascended that charot Bhtsana, and went trumphant to hs own cty of
|'S|kaa. In that cty great re|ocng took pace on account of hs arrva;
n one pace there was the occupaton of dancng, n another the deght of
musc; n one pace the amusement of drnkng, n another the toet-rtes
* Vdyunm means "garand of ghtnng."
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of far-eyed ades; n another the voce of bards oud n the prase of hm
who had obtaned what he desred. Then he had brought hs other wves,
who had remaned n ther fathers' houses, and wth the stores of eephants
and horses bestowed by ther fathers, that were brought wth them, and wth
the nnumerabe cames bowed down wth burdens fu of varous |ewes, he
dspayed n sport the weath obtaned by the conquest of the word, and
aroused the wonder of hs sub|ects.
Then |'S|kaa, nhabted by that fortunate one, appeared gorous, as f
the chefs of the gods, of the foowers of Kuvera, and of the snakes,
had made n t many deposts of much weath. Then Sryaprabha dwet
there wth Madanasen, en|oyng the peasures he desred, happy n that
a bessngs were fuy bestowed upon hm, n the socety of hs parents,
wth hs mnsters, accompaned by hs other wves, expectng every day
Maya, who had made a promse to return.
CHAPTER XLV.
Then, one day, when kng Chandraprabha was n the ha of assemby,
and Sryaprabha was there accompaned by a hs mnsters, they caed to
mnd Maya propos of a remark made by Sddhrtha, and suddeny the
earth ceft open n the mdde of the assemby. Then frst a oud-soundng
fragrant breeze ascended from the aperture n the earth, and afterwards
the Asura Maya rose up from t, ookng ke a mountan n the
nght, for hs har geamed upon hs back ofty head ke the potent herbs
upon the mountan peaks, and hs crmson robe resembed the fowng
streams of cnnabar. And the kng of the Dnavas, after havng been
duy honoured by kng Chandraprabha, spake from hs seat on a |eweed
throne--"You have en|oyed these deghts of earth, and now t s tme for
you to en|oy others; set yourseves now to prepare for acqurng them.
Send out ambassadors, and coect your subordnate kngs, and your frends
and connexons; then we w unte wth Sumeru, prnce of the Vdydharas,
and we w conquer |'S|ruta|'s|arman, and wn the soveregnty of the
sky-goers. And Sumeru s our ay, consderng us as frends, for he receved
at the outset a command from |'S|va, to support Sryaprabha and gve hm
hs own daughter. When the Asura Maya sad ths, Chandraprabha sent, as
ambassadors to a the kngs, Prahasta and the other mnsters that traveed
through the ar; and, by the advce of Maya, Sryaprabha communcated
the magc scences to a hs wves and mnsters, on whom they had
not been bestowed aready.
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And whe they were thus engaged, the hermt Nrada arrved,
descendng from the sky, umnatng the whoe horzon wth brghtness.
And after he had receved the argha, he sat down and sad to Chandraprabha,
"I am sent here by Indra, and he sends ths message to your Hghness--'I
have earned that, by the nstgaton of |'S|va, you purpose, wth the
assstance of the Asura Maya, beng a of you deuded by gnorance, to obtan
for ths Sryaprabha, of morta frame, the great dgnty of emperor of a the
chefs of the Vdydharas; that s mproper, for I have conferred t on
|'S|ruta|'s|arman, and besdes t s the heredtary rght of that moon of the sea
of the Vdydhara race. And as for what you are dong n a sprt of
opposton to me, and contrary to what s rght, t w certany resut n
your destructon. Moreover, before, when your Hghness was offerng a
sacrfce to Rudra, I tod you frst to offer an A|'s|vamedha sacrfce, but you
dd not do t. So the haughty enterprse you are engaged n, wthout regard
to the gods, reyng upon |'S|va aone, w not turn out to your happness.'"
When Nrada had devered n these words the message of Indra, Maya
aughed and sad to hm; "Great hermt, the kng of gods has not spoken
we. For what he says about the fact of Sryaprabha beng a morta s
besde the pont; for who was not aware of that fact, when he met Dmodara
n fght? For mortas who possess courage can obtan a powers.
Dd not Nahusha and others of od tme obtan the dgnty of Indra? And
as for hs sayng that he bestowed the empre on |'S|ruta|'s|arman, and that t
s hs heredtary rght, that aso s absurd, for where |'S|va s the gver, who
has any authorty? Besdes, dd not he hmsef take away the soveregnty
of the gods from Hranyksha, though t descended to hm as the eder?
And as for hs other remark about opposton, and our actng contrary to
what s rght, that s fase, for he voenty puts hmsef n opposton to
us out of sefsh motves, and wheren, pray, are we actng contrary to what
s rght, for we are ony strvng to conquer our rva, we are not carryng
off a hermt's wfe, we are not kng Brhmans? And what he says about
the necessty of frst performng an A|'s|vamedha sacrfce, and about
contempt
of the gods, s untrue, for when sacrfce to |'S|va has been performed,
what need s there of other sacrfces?|*| And when |'S|va the god of gods s
worshpped, what god s not worshpped? And as for hs remark that excusve
attenton to Rudra|*| s not becomng, I answer--Of what mportance
are the hosts of the other gods, where |'S|va s n arms? When the sun
has rsen, do the other umnares gve ght? So you must te a ths to
the kng of the gods, O hermt, and we sha contnue to carry out what
* Audng to Indra's sayng the demon V|r.|tra, who was regarded as a
Brhman,
and to hs conduct wth Ahay.
* I. e. |'S|va.
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we are engaged n, et hm do what he can." When the |r.|sh Nrada had
been thus addressed by the Asura Maya, he sad "I w do so," and took
back to the kng of the gods that answer to hs message. When that hermt
had departed, the Asura Maya thus spake to kng Chandraprabha, who
was apprehensve on account of the message of Indra, "You must not be
afrad of Indra; even f he s on the sde of |'S|ruta|'s|arman n fght, wth
the hosts of the gods, out of hostty to us, st we Datyas and Dnavas
are countess n number, and under the eadershp of Prahda we are
ranged together on your sde. And f the destroyer of Trpura|*| favours us
and s actve on our sde, what other mserabe creature n the three words
has any power? So set about ths expedton, heroes." When Maya sad
ths, a those there were peased, and consdered that t was as he sad.
Then n accordance wth the messages carred by the ambassadors, n
course of tme a the kngs, Vrabha|t.|a and the others, assembed there, and
a the other frends and reatves of Chandraprabha. When these kngs wth
ther armes had been duy honoured, the Asura Maya agan sad to
Chandraprabha,
"Perform to-nght, O kng, a great sacrfce n honour of |'S|va;
afterwards you sha do a as I drect." When he heard ths speech of
Maya's, kng Chandraprabha mmedatey had preparatons made for a sacrfce
to |'S|va. Then he went to the forest at nght, and under the nstructons
of Maya, hmsef performed devouty a sacrfce to Rudra. And whe the
kng was engaged n the fre-offerng, there suddeny appeared there
Nandn the prnce of the host of Bhtas. He was honoured duy by the
deghted kng, and sad--"The god |'S|va hmsef sends ths command by
me, 'Through my favour thou needst not fear even a hundred Indras;
Sryaprabha sha become emperor of the sky-goers.'" After he had devered
ths message, Nandn receved a porton of the offerng and dsappeared
wth the hosts of Bhtas. Then Chandraprabha became confdent
n the future eevaton of hs son, and after competng the sacrfce,
at the end of the fre-offerng, re-entered the cty wth Maya.
And the next mornng, when kng Chandraprabha was sttng n secret
concave together wth the queen, hs son, the kngs and hs mnsters, the
Asura Maya sad to hm--"Lsten, kng, I w to-day te you a secret
ong guarded; you are a Dnava, Suntha by name, my mghty son, and
Sryaprabha s your younger brother, named Sumundka; after you were
san n the war of the gods, you were born here as father and son. That
Dnava body of yours has been preserved by me skfuy embamed wth
heaveny drugs and ghee. Therefore you must enter a cavern and vst
Pta, and then return to your own body by a charm whch I w teach
you. And when you have entered that body, you w be so much superor
n sprt and strength, that you w conquer n fght the wanderers of the
* . e. |'S|va.
-----Fe: 429.png---------------------------------------------------------
ar. But Sryaprabha, who s an ncarnaton of Sumundka, wth ths
same beautfu body whch he now possesses, sha soon become ord of the
sky-goers.
When kng Chandraprabha heard ths from Maya, he was deghted
and agreed to t, but Sddhrtha sad ths--"O exceent Dnava, what
ground of confdence have we, f ths doubt shoud arse, 'Why has the
kng entered another body, has he then ded?' And moreover w he forget
us when he enters another body, ke a man gone to the other word?
Who s he, and who are we?" When the Asura Maya heard ths speech of
Sddhrtha's, he answered--"You yourseves must come and see hm wth
your own eyes enterng another body, of hs own free w, by the empoyment
of a charm. And hear the reason why he w not forget you. A
man, who does not de of hs own free w, and s born n another womb,
does not remember anythng, as hs memory s destroyed by od age and
other affctons, but whoever of hs own free w enters another body,
penetratng by the empoyment of magc the nterna organ and the senses,
wthout hs mnd and nteect beng mpared, and passes, as t were, from
one house to another, that prnce among Yogns has supernatura knowedge
and remembers a. So do not fee doubtfu; so far from there beng
any reason for t, ths kng w obtan a great dvne body free from od
age and sckness. Moreover you are a Dnavas, and by merey enterng
Rastaa,|*| and drnkng nectar, you w obtan dvne bodes free from
sckness." When the mnsters heard ths speech of Maya's, they a sad,
"So be t," and consented to hs proposa, abandonng ther apprehensons
out of the confdence they reposed n hm. And by hs advce, Chandraprabha,
wth a the kngs, went on the next day to the confuence of the
Chandrabhg and the Arvat.|*| There Chandraprabha eft the kngs
outsde, and commtted to ther care the wves of Sryaprabha, and then
he entered n company wth Sryaprabha, the queen, and the mnsters
wth Sddhrtha at ther head, an openng n the water ponted out by
Maya, and after enterng he traveed a ong dstance, and behed a heaveny
tempe, and entered t wth a of them.
And n the meanwhe the Vdydharas descended wth troops on those
kngs, who were remanng there outsde the openng; and parayzng the
kngs by supernatura arts, they carred off the wves of Sryaprabha, and
mmedatey a voce was heard from the sky--"Wcked |'S|ruta|'s|arman, f
you touch these wves of the emperor, you sha mmedatey persh wth
your host. So guard them respectfuy, treatng them ke your mother;
there s a reason for my not mmedatey sayng you and settng them
free; so et them reman as they are at present." And when the kngs,
Vrabha|t.|a and the others, saw them carred off, they prepared to de by
fghtng
* One of the seven under-words.
* Acesnes and Hydraotes.
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wth one another. But a voce from heaven forbade ther attempt, sayng,
"No harm w befa these daughters of yours, you sha obtan them
agan, so you must not act rashy, prosperty befa you!" So the kngs
remaned watng there. In the meantme Chandraprabha was n the
tempe n Pta surrounded by a hs companons, and there Maya sad to
hm, "Kng, sten attentvey to ths wonderfu thng; I w shew you
the supernatura art of enterng another body." He sad ths, and rected
the Snkhya and the Yoga doctrne wth ts secrets, and taught hm the
magc art of enterng another body; and that chef of Yogns sad--"Ths
s the famous supernatura power, and the ndependence of knowedge, the
domnon over matter that s characterzed by ghtness and the other mystc
propertes. The chef of the gods, possessng ths power, do not ong for
beraton; n order to obtan ths power others endure the hardshp of
mutterng
prayers and performng ascetcsm. Men of ofty sou do not ove
the peasures of heaven even when attaned. And sten, I w te you a
story n ustraton of ths."
Story of the Brhman Ka
In a former Kapa|*| there was
a certan Brhman, of the name of
Ka. He went to the hoy bathng-pace Pushkara and muttered prayers
day and nght. Whe he was mutterng, two myrads of years of the
gods passed away. Then there appeared a great ght nseparabe from
hs head, whch, streamng forth n the frmament ke ten thousand suns,|*|
mpeded the movement of the Sddhas and others there, and set the three
words on fre. Then Brahm, Indra and the other gods came to hm and sad
--"Brhman, these words are on fre wth your brghtness. Receve whatever
boon you desre." He answered them--"Let me have no other peasure
than mutterng prayers, ths s my boon, I choose nothng ese." When
they mportuned hm, that mutterer of prayers went far off and remaned
on the north sde of the Hmayas, mutterng prayers. When ths extraordnary
brghtness of hs graduay became ntoerabe even there, Indra
sent heaveny nymphs to tempt hm. That sef-restraned man dd not
care a straw about them, when they endeavoured to seduce hm. Then the
gods sent hm Death as penpotentary. He came to hm and sad--"Brhman,
mortas do not ve so ong, so abandon your fe; do not break
the aw of nature." When the Brhman heard ths, he sad--"If the
mt of my fe s attaned, why do you not take me? What are you
watng for? But I w not of mysef abandon my fe, O thou god wth
* I. e., a day of Brahm consstng of 1000 yugas.
* Cp. the hao or aureoe round the heads of Chrstan sants, the crce of rays
and
nmbus round the head of Greek dvntes, and the beam that came out of
Chares the
Great's mouth and umned hs head. (Grmm's Teutonc Mythoogy, transated
by
Staybrass, p. 323.)
-----Fe: 431.png---------------------------------------------------------
the noose n hand; ndeed, f I were wfuy to abandon my fe, I shoud
be a sef-murderer." When he sad ths, and Death found that he coud
not take hm on account of hs power, he turned away from hm and returned
as he came. Then Indra repentng sezed that Ka,|*| who had conquered
Tme the destroyer, n hs arms, and took hm up to heaven by force.
There he remaned averse to the sensua en|oyments of the pace, and he
dd not cease from mutterng prayers, so the gods made hm descend
agan, and he returned to the Hmayas. And whe a the gods were
tryng to nduce hm there to take a boon, the kng Ikshvku came that
way. When he heard how affars stood, he sad to that mutterer of
prayers, "If you w not receve a boon from the gods, receve one from
me." When the mutterer of prayers heard that, he aughed, and sad to the
kng--"Are you abe to grant me a boon, when I w not receve one even
from the gods?" Thus he spoke, and Ikshvku answered the Brhman--"If
I am not abe to grant you a boon, you can grant me one; so grant
me a boon." Then the mutterer sad--"Choose whatever you desre, and
I w grant t." When the kng heard ths, he refected n hs mnd:
"The apponted order s that I shoud gve, and that he shoud receve;
ths s an nverson of the due order, that I shoud receve what he gves."
Whst the kng was deayng, as he pondered over ths dffcuty, two
Brhmans came there dsputng; when they saw the kng they appeaed
to hm for a decson. The frst sad, "Ths Brhman gave me a cow wth
a sacrfca fee: why w he not receve t from my hand, when I offer
to gve t back to hm?" Then the other sad, "I dd not receve t frst,
and I dd not ask for t, then why does he wsh to make me receve t by
force?" When the kng heard ths, he sad--"Ths companant s not
n the rght; why, after recevng the cow, do you try to compe the man,
who gave t, to take t back from you?" When the kng sad ths, Indra,
havng found hs opportunty, sad to hm--"Kng, f you hod ths vew
of what s rght, then, after you have asked the Brhman, who mutters
prayers, for a boon, why do you not take t from hm when t s granted?"
Then the kng, beng at a oss for an answer, sad to that mutterng
Brhman--"Revered
sr, gve me the frut of haf your mutterng as a boon."
Then the mutterng Brhman sad--"Very we, receve the frut of haf
my mutterng," and so he gave the kng a boon. By means of that boon
the kng obtaned access to a the words, and that mutterng Brhman
obtaned the word of the gods caed |'S|vas.|*| There he remaned for many
kapas, and then returned to earth, and by mystc contempaton obtaned
ndependence, and ganed everastng supernatura power.
* Ka means Tme, Fate, Death.
* I dvde sa |'s|vkhynm and take sa to be the demonstratve pronoun.
-----Fe: 432.png---------------------------------------------------------
"Thus ths supernatura power s desred by wse men, who are averse
to heaven and such ow en|oyments; and you have obtaned t, O kng, so,
beng ndependent, enter your own body." When Maya sad ths to kng
Chandraprabha, after communcatng to hm the doctrne of mystc
contempaton
gvng supernatura power,* he and hs wfe and hs son and
hs mnsters re|oced exceedngy.
Then the kng, wth hs son and companons, was ed by Maya to a
second under-word, and made to enter a spendd cty. And there they
saw a ggantc hero, recnng at fu ength upon a beautfu couch, as f
aseep, anonted wth potent herbs and ghee, awfu from the ghasty
transformaton
of hs features, surrounded by the daughters of the kngs of the
Datyas, wth ther otus-faces fu of meanchoy. Then Maya sad to
Chandraprabha:--"Ths s your body, surrounded by your former brdes,
enter t."--The kng had recourse to the magc contempaton taught by
Maya, and entered the body of that hero, abandonng hs own frame.**
Then the hero yawned sowy, opened hs eyes, and rose up from the bed,
as f awakng out of seep. Then a shout arose from the deghted Asura
brdes, "Happy are we, that our husband, the god Suntha, s to-day restored
to fe."But Sryaprabha and the others were mmedatey despondent,
behodng
the body of Chandraprabha yng feess. But Chandraprabha-Suntha,
appearng as f rsen from a refreshng seep, saw Maya, and fang
at hs feet honoured hs father. That father too embraced hm and asked
hm n the presence of a,--"Do you remember both your ves, my son?"
He sad; "I do remember them," and reated what had happened to
hm n hs fe as Chandraprabha, and aso what had happened to hm n hs
fe as Suntha, and he comforted one by one Sryaprabha and the others,
and aso hs queens, mentonng each by name, and aso the Dnava ades,
hs wves n hs frst fe. And he preserved the body, whch he had as
Chandraprabha, carefuy ad by, embamed by means of drugs and ghee,
sayng, "It may possby be usefu to me." Then Sryaprabha and the
others, tranqu now that they had ganed confdence, bowed before hm, and
|oyfuy congratuated hm.
Then Maya, havng conducted a of them n hgh deght out of that cty,
ed them to another cty adorned wth god and |ewes. When they enter-*
* .e. the Yoga system.
** Ths superstton appears to be prevaent n Chna. See Ges's Strange
Stores
from a Chnese Studo, Vo. I, p. 23, and other passages. It was no doubt carred
there
by the same wave of Buddhsm that carred there many smar notons
connected wth
the transmgraton of sous, for nstance the beef that chdren are born abe to
speak,
and that ths s very nauspcous. (Cp. Ges's Strange Stores from a Chnese
Studo,
Vo. I, p. 184 wth the story of Dharmagupta and Chandraprabh n the 17th
chapter
of ths work.) The exstence of ths atter beef n Europe s probaby to be
ascrbed
to the nfuence of Buddhsm.
-----Fe: 433.png---------------------------------------------------------
*-ed t, they behed a ake of the appearance of bery, fer wth nectar, and
they a sat down on the bank of t. And they drank that nectarous draught
there, more exceent than the water of fe, n curousy ornamented cups
formed of |ewes, whch were brought to them by the wves of Suntha.
And by that draught they a rose up, as from a seep of ntoxcaton, and
became possessed of dvne bodes, and of great strength and courage.
Then the Asura Maya sad to Chandraprabha-Suntha, "Come, my
son, et us go, and see your mother after so ong a separaton." And
Suntha sad " So be t," and prepared to go conducted by Maya, and so
proceeded
to the fourth under-word wth Sryaprabha and the others. There
they behed curous ctes made of varous metas, and at ast they a
reached a cty but entrey of god. There, on a par composed of |ewes
adorned wth every uxury, they behed that mother of Suntha, the wfe of
Maya, by name Lvat, surpassng n beauty the nymphs of heaven,
surrounded wth Asura madens, and adorned wth a ornaments. The
moment she behed that Suntha, she rose up n a state of exctement, and
Suntha, after sautng her, fe at her feet. Then she embraced wth gushng
tears the son, whom she once more hed n her arms after so ong an
nterva, and agan prased her husband Maya, who was the cause of her
reganng
hm. Then Maya sad--"Oueen, your other son Sumundka has
been born agan as the son of your son, and here he s, Sryaprabha by
name. He has been apponted by the god |'S|va the future emperor of the
Vdydharas, and s destned to rue over them n the body whch he now
possesses." When Sryaprabha heard ths, and saw her ook at hm wth
an eye of ongng affecton, he and hs mnsters fe at her feet. And
Lvat gave hm her bessng, and sad to hm--"My darng, you do not
requre the body of Sumundka, n ths you are suffcenty gorous."
When hs sons were thus trumphant, Maya caed to mnd hs daughter
Mandodar|** shoud be Man|d.|odar|, and Vbhsha|n.|a, and when caed to
mnd, they came. And
Vbhsha|n.|a, wecomed wth trumphant re|ocngs, sad to hm--"O prnce
of the Dnavas, f you w sten to my advce, I w gve t you. You
are among the Dnavas snguary vrtuous and prosperous, so you ought
not to take up a causeess enmty aganst the gods. For you w gan
nothng but death from your hostty to them. For Asuras have been
san n batte by the gods, but not gods by Asuras." When Maya heard
ths, he sad--"We are not forcng on war, but f Indra voenty makes
war on us, te me, how can we reman passve? And as for those Asuras
who were san by the gods, they were reckess, but dd the gods say Ba
and others who were not nfatuated?" That kng of the Rkshasas havng,
wth hs wfe Mandodar, been addressed wth these and smar speeches by
Maya, took eave of hm, and went to hs own dweng.
Then Suntha, wth Sryaprabha and the others, was conducted to the
-----Fe: 434.png---------------------------------------------------------
thrd under-word to vst kng Ba. In that word, whch surpassed even
heaven, they a behed Ba, adorned wth chan and tara, surrounded
wth Datyas and Dnavas. Suntha and hs companons fe at hs feet
n due order, and he honoured them wth approprate wecome. And Ba
was deghted wth the tdngs reated by Maya, and he qucky had
summoned Prahda and the other Dnavas. Suntha and the others
honoured them aso by fang at ther feet, and they, beng fu of |oy,
congratuated them, as they bent before them. Then Ba sad, "Suntha
became Chandraprabha on the earth, and now s restored to fe for us by
reganng hs body. And we have aso ganed Sryaprabha, who s an
ncarnaton of Sumundka. And he has been apponted by S'va the future
emperor of the Vdydharas: and by the power of the sacrfce offered by
Chandraprabha my bonds have been reaxed. So wthout doubt we have
ganed prosperty by recoverng these." When S'ukra, the sprtua advser
of the Dnavas, heard ths speech of Ba's, he sad, "In truth those who act
accordng to rght never fa of prosperty n any matter; so act accordng
to rght, and do on ths occason aso what I bd you." When the
Dnavas, the prnces of the seven under-words, who were assembed
there, heard that, they agreed to t and bound themseves so to act. And
Ba made a feast there, out of |oy at the recovery of Suntha.
In the meanwhe the hermt Nrada arrved there agan, and after
takng the argha, he sat down, and sad to those Dnavas, "I have been
sent here by Indra, and he n truth says ths to you, 'I am exceedngy
deghted at the fact that Suntha has come back to fe; so you must not
take up a causeess enmty aganst me, and you must not fght aganst my
ay S'rutas'arman.'" When the hermt had thus devered Indra's message,
Prahada sad to hm, "Of course Indra s peased that Suntha has
come back to fe, how coud t be otherwse? But we at any rate are not
takng up causeess hostty. Ths very day we a took an engagement that
we woud not do so, n the presence of our sprtua advser. But f Indra
makes hmsef a partzan* of S'rutas'arman, and voenty opposes us, how
are we to be bamed for t? For Sryaprabha's ay, S'va, the god of
gods, has ong ago apponted hm, because he proptated hm frst. So
what have we to do wth ths matter whch has been setted by the ord
S'va? It s cear that ths, whch Indra says, s wthout cause, and not
rght." When Prahda, the kng of the Dnavas sad ths to Nrada, he
bamed Indra by expressng hs agreement wth t, and dsappeared. When
he had gone, Us'anas* sad to the kngs of the Dnavas--" Indra s evdenty
determned to oppose us n ths matter. But, as S'va has decdedy
grded up hs ons to shew us favour, what s hs power, or what w hs
*Here I read S'rutas'arma-sapakshatvum.
*Us'anas hero means S'ukru, the sprtua gude of the Asuras.
-----Fe: 435.png---------------------------------------------------------
reance upon Vsh|n.|u do?" The D|'a|navas heard and approved ths speech
of S'ukra's, and takng eave of Ba and Prah|'a|da, went to ther own
homes. Then Prah|'a|da went to the fourth under-word, hs habtaton, and
kng Ba, rsng up from the assemby, retred wthn. And Maya and
Sun|'|tha and the others, S|'u|ryaprabha and a, bowed before Ba, and went
to ther own habtatons. After they had eaten and drunk there suffcenty,
L|'|av|'a|t|'|, the mother of Sun|'|tha, came to hm and sad, "My son,
you know that these wves of yours are the daughters of mghty ones,
Te|asvat|'| beng the daughter of the god of weath, Manga|'a|vat|'| of
Tumburu;
and as for K|'|rtmat|'|, that wfe that you marred n your exstence
as Chandraprabha, her you know to be the daughter of the Vasu Prabh|'a|va,
so you must ook upon these three wth an equa eye, my son." After
sayng ths, she commended to hm hs three prncpa wves. Then, that
nght, Suntha entered hs seepng apartment wth the edest, Te|asvat|'|.
But Suryaprabha, n another chamber, wth hs mnsters, recned on a
couch wthout any of hs wves that nght. And the goddess of seep dd
not come to hm, who remaned contnuay aone, sayng to hersef, "What
s the use of ths unovng man, who eaves hs wves outsde?" And she
woud not approach Prahasta out of |eaousy, as he was so excusvey
n ove wth the cares of hs offca dutes, but the other mnsters around
S|'u|ryaprabha went to seep comfortaby. In the meanwhe S|'u|ryaprabha
and Prahasta behed an ncomparabe maden enterng, accompaned by a
femae frend. She was so beautfu that Provdence seemed, after creatng
her, to have paced her n the ower regons n order that the nymphs of
heaven, aso hs creaton, mght not be ecpsed by her. And whe
S|'u|ryaprabha
was debatng who she mght be, she approached each of hs frends, one by
one, and ooked at them; and as they dd not possess the dstngushng marks
of emperors, she eft them, and seeng that S|'u|ryaprabha possessed them,
she
approached hm, who was yng n the mdst of them; and she sad to her
frend--"Here
he s, my frend; so touch hm on the feet, wake hm up wth those
hands of yours coo as water." When her frend heard that, she dd so,
and S|'u|ryaprabha ceased to fegn seep, and opened hs eyes, and behodng
those madens, he sad--"Who are you, and why do you come here?"
When the frend of the ady heard that, she sad to hm--"Lsten, kng,
n the second under-word there s a vctorous kng named Am|'|a, a cheftan
of the Datyas, the son of Hra|n.|y|'a|ksha; ths s hs daughter Ka|'a|vat|'|
whom he oves more than fe. Her father came back to-day from the court
of Ba, and sad--'I am fortunate n that I have to-day behed Sun|'|tha
once more restored to fe; and I have aso seen the young man S|'u|ryaprabha,
an ncarnaton of Sumund|'|ka, who has been brought nto the word by
|S'|va as the future emperor of the Vdy|'a|dharas. So I w now offer a
congratuatory trbute to Sun|'|tha,----I w gve my daughter Ka|'a|vat|'| to
-----Fe: 436.png---------------------------------------------------------
Sryaprabha, for she cannot be gven to Suntha because she beongs to the
same famy; but Sryaprabha s hs son n hs brth as a kng, not n hs
brth as an Asura, and any honour pad to hs son w be pad to hm.'
When my frend heard ths speech of her father's, her mnd beng
attracted by your vrtues, she came here out of a curosty to see you." When
that frend of the ady's sad ths, Sryaprabha pretended to be aseep n
order to dscover the rea ob|ect of her wsh. The maden sowy approached
the seepess Prahasta, and after teng hm a by the mouth of her frend,
went out. And Prahasta advanced towards Sryaprabha and sad--" Kng,
are you awake or not?" And he, openng hs eyes, sad to hm, "My
frend, I am awake, for how coud I seep to-day beng aone? But I w
te you a strange fact; sten, for what can I hde from you? I saw a
moment ago a maden enter here wth her frend; her equa s not behed
n these three words. And she departed n a moment, takng my heart
wth her. So ook for her at once, for she must be somewhere hereabout."
When Sryaprabha sad ths to hm, Prahasta went out, and seeng the
maden there wth her frend, he sad to her--"I, to pease you, have agan
woke up my master here, so you, to pease me, must once more grant hm an
ntervew. Behod once more hs form that gves satsfacton to your eyes,|*|
and et hm, who was overpowered by you as soon as he saw you, behod you
agan. For when he woke up, he sad to me speakng of you, 'Brng
her from some pace or other, and shew her to me, otherwse I cannot
survve.' Then I came to you, so come and behod hm yoursef." When
she was thus addressed by Prahasta, she hestated to go n body, owng
to the modesty natura to a maden, and refected, and then Prahasta, sezng
her hand, ed her nto the presence of Sryaprabha. And Sryaprabha,
when he saw that Kavat had come near hm, sad--"Far one, was ths
rght of you to come n to-day and stea away my heart, as you dd, when
I was aseep? So, thef, I w not eave you unpunshed to-day." When
her sy frend heard ths, she sad to hm; "Snce her father knew of t
before, and determned to assgn ths thef to you for punshment, who can
forbd you to punsh her. Why do you not nfct on her to your heart's
content the punshment due for thevng?" When Sryaprabha heard
that, he wanted to embrace her, but Kavat beng modest, sad, "Do not,
my husband, I am a maden." Then Prahasta sad to her; "Do not
hestate, my queen, for the Gndharva marrage s the best of a marrages
n the word." When Prahasta had sad ths, he went out wth a the
rest, and Sryaprabha that very moment made Kavat, the maden of the
under-word, hs wfe.
* I read pa|'s|ysya rpam. Ths gves a better sense. It s party supported by a
MS. n the Sansk|r.|t Coege. The same MS. n the next ne reads tvm tu
pa|'s|yat
chako'p--I read tvm tu pa|'s|yatu chasho'p.
-----Fe: 437.png---------------------------------------------------------
And when the nght came to an end, Kavat went to her own dweng,
and Sryaprabha went to Suntha and Maya. They a assembed and went
nto the presence of Prahda, and he, seated n the ha of audence, after
honourng them appropratey, sad to Maya: "We must do somethng to
pease Suntha on ths day of re|ocng, so et us a feast together."
Maya sad--"Let us do so, what harm s there n ths?" And then Prahda
nvted by means of messengers the chefs of the Asuras, and they
came there n order from a the under-words. Frst came kng Ba
accompaned
by nnumerabe great Asuras. Cose behnd hm came Ama and
the brave Durroha and Sumya, and Tantukachchha, and Vka|t.|ksha and
Prakampana, and Dhmaketu and Mahmya, and the other ords of the
Asuras; each of these came accompaned by a thousand feuda chefs.
The ha of audence was fed wth the heroes who sauted one another, and
after they had sat down n order of rank, Prahda honoured them a.
And when the tme of eatng arrved, they a, wth Maya and the
others, after bathng n the Ganges, went to a great ha to dne. It
was a hundred yo|anas wde, and had a pavement of god and |ewes, and
was adorned wth |eweed pars, and fu of curousy wrought |eweed
vesses. There the Asuras, n the company of Prahda, and wth Suntha
and Maya, and wth Sryaprabha accompaned by hs mnsters, ate
heaveny food of varous knds, contanng a the sx favours, sod, qud,
and sweetmeats, and then drank the best of wne. And after they had
eaten and drunk, they a went to another ha, whch was made of |ewes,
and behed the skfu dance of the Datya and Dnava madens. On that
occason Sryaprabha behed the daughter of Prahda, named Mahak,
who came forward to dance by order of her father. She umnated the
word wth her beauty, raned nectar nto hs eyes, and seemed ke the
moon-goddess|*| come to the under-word out of curosty. She had her
forehead ornamented wth a patch, beautfu ankets on her feet, and a
smng face, and seemed as f a made of dancng by the Creator. Wth
her curng har, her ponted teeth, and her breasts that fed up the whoe
of her chest, she seemed as t were to be creatng a new stye of dance.
And that far one, the moment she was behed by Sryaprabha, forcby
robbed hm of hs heart, though t was camed by others. Then she aso
behed hm from a dstance, sttng among the Asura prnces, ke a second
god of Love made by the Creator, when the frst god of ove had been burnt
up by |'S|va. And when she saw hm, her mnd was so absorbed n hm,
that her sk n the expresson of sentments by gesture forsook her, as f
n anger at behodng her want of modesty. And the spectators behed the
emoton of those two, and brought the spectace to an end, sayng, "The prn-*
* Lt. "the shape of the moon"; put for the moon, because the author s
speakng of a woman. See Bhtngk and Roth s. v.
-----Fe: 438.png---------------------------------------------------------
*cess s tred." Then Mahak was dsmssed by her father, ookng askance
at Sryaprabha, and after she had bowed before the prnces of the Datyas,
she went home. And the prnces of the Datyas went to ther respectve
houses, and Sryaprabha too went to hs dweng at the cose of day.
And when the nght came, Kavat agan came to vst hm, and he
sept secrety wthn wth her, wth a hs foowers seepng outsde. In
the meanwhe Mahak aso came there, eager to see hm, accompaned
by two confdantes. Then a mnster of Sryaprabha's, named Pra|n|d.|hya,
who happened at that moment to have hs eyes forsaken by seep,
saw her attemptng to enter. And he, recognsng her, rose up and
sad--"Prncess,
reman here a moment unt I enter and come out agan."
She aarmed, sad--"Why are we stopped, and why are you outsde?"
Pra|n|d.|hya agan sad to her--"Why do you enter n ths sudden way
when a man s seepng at hs ease? Besdes, my ord seeps aone to-nght
on account of a vow." Then the daughter of Prahda, beng ashamed,
sad, "So be t, enter," and Pra|n|d.|hya went nsde. Seeng that Kavat
was aseep, he woke up Sryaprabha and hmsef tod hm that Mahak
had arrved. And Sryaprabha, hearng of t, genty rose up, and went
out, and behodng Mahak wth two others, he sad--"Ths person has
been supremey bessed by your arrva, et ths pace be bessed aso, take a
seat." When Mahak heard ths, she sat down wth her frends, and
Sryaprabha aso sat down, wth Pra|n|d.|hya by hs sde. And when he sat
down, he sad--"Far one, athough you shewed contempt for me by
seemng to ook on others n the assemby wth respect, nevertheess, O
rong-eyed one, my eyes were bessed as soon as they behed your dancng
as we as your beauty." When Sryaprabha sad ths, the daughter of
Prahda answered hm--"Ths s not my faut, nobe sr,* he s n faut,
who made me ashamed n the ha of assemby by puttng me besde my
part n the pantomme." When Sryaprabha heard ths, he aughed and
sad--"I am conquered." And then that prnce sezed her hand wth hs,
and t perspred and trembed, as f afrad of the rough sezure. And she
sad--"Let me go, nobe sr, I am a maden under my father's contro,"--then
Pra|n|d.|hya sad to that daughter of the chef of the Asuras, "Is not
there not such a thng as the Gndbarva marrage of madens? And your
father, who has seen your heart, w not gve you to another, moreover
he w certany do some honour to ths prnce here; so away wth tmdty!
Let not such a meetng bo thrown away!" Whe Pra|n|d.|hya was
sayng ths to Mahak, Kavat woke up wthn. And not seeng
Srvaprabha on the bed, after watng a ong tme, she was
terrfed and apprehensve and went out. And seeng her over n
the company of Mahak, she was angry and ashamed and terrfed.
Mahak too, when she saw her, was terrfed and angry and ashamed,
* I. e. ryaputdra, used by a wfe n addressng a husband.
-----Fe: 439.png---------------------------------------------------------
and Sryaprabha stood motoness ke a panted pcture. Kavat came
to hs sde, thnkng--" Now that I have been seen, how can I escape,
sha I dspay shame or |eaousy? And she sad wth a sptefu ntonaton
to Mahak--" How are you, my frend, how comes t that you have come
here at nght?" Then Mahak sad--" Ths s my house; as you have
arrved here from another manson of the under-word, you are to-day my
guest here." When Kavat heard that, she aughed and sad--" Yes, t
s ceary the case that you entertan wth approprate hosptaty every
guest, as soon as he arrves here." When Kavat sad ths, Mahak,
answered--" When I spoke to you kndy, why do you answer n such an
unknd and sptefu way, shameess gr? Am I ke you? Dd I, wthout
beng bestowed n marrage by my parents, come from a dstance, and n
a strange pace seep n the bed of a strange man aone at nght? I came to
see my father's guest, as he was gong away, n accordance wth the duty of
hosptaty, a moment ago, accompaned by two femae frends. When
ths mnster entered, after frst reproachng me, I guessed the rea state of
the case; you have now of yoursef reveaed t." When thus addressed by
Mahak, Kavat departed, ookng askance at her beoved wth an eye
red wth anger. Then Mahak too sad to Sryaprabha n wrath, " Now
I w depart, man of many favourtes," and went away. And Sryaprabha
remaned n heartess despondency, as was reasonabe, for hs heart,
devoted to hs oved ones, went wth them.
Then he woke up hs mnster Prabhsa, and sent hm to dscover
what Kavat had done, after she had separated from hm n anger; and n
the meanwhe he sent Prahasta to fnd out about Mahak, and he
remaned wth Pra|ndhya awatng ther report. Then Prabhsa returned
from nvestgatng the proceedngs of Kavat, and beng questoned, he
sad as foows: " From ths pace I went to the prvate apartment of
Kavat n the second under-word, conceang mysef by my scence. And
outsde t I heard the conversaton of two mads. The one sad, ' My
frend, why s Kavat dstressed to-day?' Then the second sad--' My
frend, hear the reason. There s at present n the fourth under-word an
ncarnaton of Sumundka, named Sryaprabha, who n beauty surpasses
the god of Love; she went secrety and gave hersef to hm. And when
she had repared to hm to-day of her own accord at nght-fa, Mahak,
the daughter of Prahda, chose to come there too. Our mstress had a |eaous
quarre wth her, and was n consequence preparng to say hersef, when,
she was seen by her sster Sukhvat and saved. And then she went nsde,
and fngng hersef down on a bed, she remaned wth that sster, who was
despondent when she had earnt by enqury what had taken pace.' When
I had heard ths conversaton of the two mads, I entered the apartment, and
behed Kavat and Sukhvat, who resembed one another exacty."
-----Fe: 440.png---------------------------------------------------------
Whe Prabhsa was sayng ths to Sryaprabha n prvate, Prahasta
aso came there, and beng questoned, he sad as foows--"When I arrved
from ths pace at the prvate apartment of Mahak, she entered despondent
wth her two ntmate frends. And I entered aso nvsbe by the
empoyment of magc scence, and I saw there tweve frends ke her; and
they sat round Mahak, who recned on a sofa ornamented wth spendd
|ewes; and then one sad to her, 'My frend, why do you seem to be
suddeny cast down to-day? What s the meanng of ths despondency
when your marrage s about to come off?' When the daughter of Prahda
heard that, she answered her frend pensvey, 'What marrage for me?
To whom am I betrothed? Who tod you?' When she sad that, they a
excamed, 'Surey your marrage w take pace to-morrow, and you are
betrothed, my frend, to Sryaprabha. And your mother, the queen, tod us
to-day when you were not present, and ordered us to decorate you for the
marrage ceremony. So you are fortunate, n that you w have Sryaprabha
for a husband, through admraton for whose beauty the ades of ths
pace cannot seep at nght. But ths s a source of despondency to us--What
a guf there w now be between you and us! When you have
obtaned hm for a husband, you w forget us.' When Mahak heard
ths from ther mouth, she sad, 'Has he been seen by you, and s your
heart attached to hm?' When they heard that, they sad to her--'We saw
hm from the top of the paace, and what woman s there that a sght of
hm woud not captvate?' Then she sad, 'Then I w persuade my
father to cause a of you to be gven to hm.|*| So we sha ve together,
and not be separated.' When she sad ths, the madens were shocked, and
sad to her, 'Knd frend, do not do so. It woud not be proper, and woud
make us ashamed.' When they sad ths, the daughter of the kng of the
Asuras answered them, 'Why s t not proper? I am not to be hs ony
wfe: a the Datyas and Dnavas w gve hm ther daughters, and there
are other prncesses on the earth whom he has marred, and he w aso
marry many Vdydhara madens. What harm can t do to me that you
shoud be marred among these? So far from t, we sha ve happy n
mutua frendshp; but what ntercourse can I hod wth those others who
w be my enemes? And why shoud you have any shame about the
matter? I w arrange t a.' Whe these ades were thus conversng,
wth hearts devoted to you, I came out at my esure and repared to your
presence." When Sryaprabha had heard ths from the mouth of Prahasta,
he passed that nght n happness, though he remaned seepess n hs
bed.
In the mornng he went to the court of Prahda, the kng of the
Asuras, wth Suntha and Maya and hs mnsters, to vst hm. Then
* A MS. n the Sansk|r.|t Coege reads asau where Brockhaus reads amr.
-----Fe: 441.png---------------------------------------------------------
Prahda sad to Suntha after showng hm respect--"I w gve to ths
Sryaprabha my daughter Mahak, for I must shew hm some hosptabe
entertanment whch w be agreeabe to you." Suntha receved wth |oy
ths speech of Prahda's. Then Prahda made Sryaprabha ascend an
atar-patform, n the mdde of whch a fre was burnng, and whch was
adorned wth ofty |eweed pars umnated by the brghtness of the fame,
and there gave hm hs daughter, wth spendour worthy of the mpera
throne of the Asuras. And he gave to hs daughter and her brdegroom
heaps of vauabe |ewes, obtaned by hs trumph over the gods, resembng
the summt of mount Meru. And then Mahak body sad to Prahda--"Father,
gve me aso those tweve companons whom I ove." But he
answered her--"Daughter, they beong to my brother, for they were taken
captve by hm, and I have no rght to gve them away." And Sryaprabha,
after the marrage feast was ended, entered at nght the brda
chamber wth Mahak.
And the next mornng, when Prahda had gone to the ha of assemby
wth hs foowers, Ama, the kng of the Dnavas, sad to Prahda and the
others--"To-day you must a come to my house, for I ntend to entertan
there ths Sryaprabha, and I w gve hm my daughter Kavat, f you
approve." Ths speech of hs they a approved, sayng, "So be t." Then
they a went n a moment to the second under-word, where he dwet, wth
Sryaprabha, Maya and others. There Ama gave by the usua ceremony
to Sryaprabha hs daughter, who had prevousy gven hersef. Sryaprabha
went through the marrage ceremony n the house of Prahda, and surrounded
by the Asuras who had feasted, spent the day n tastng the en|oyments
whch they provded for hm.
On the next day, Durroha, a prnce of the Asuras, nvted and
conducted them a to hs own under-word, the ffth. There, by way of
hosptaty, he gave to Sryaprabha hs own daughter Kumudvat, as the
others had done, n the prescrbed manner. There Sryaprabha spent the
day n en|oyment wth a these unted. And at nght he entered the
apartment of Kumudvat. There he spent that nght n the socety of
that ovey and ovng woman, the beauty of the three words.
And the next mornng, Tantukachchha nvted and conducted hm,
surrounded wth hs companons, headed by Prahda, to hs paace n the
seventh under-word. There that kng of the Asuras gave hm hs daughter
Manovat, adorned wth spendd |ewes, brght as moten god. There
Sryaprabha spent a hghy agreeabe day, and passed the nght n the
socety of Manovat.
And the next day, Sumya, a prnce of the Asuras, after presentng an
nvtaton, conducted hm wth a hs frends to hs under-word, the sxth;
there he too gave hm hs daughter by name Subhadr, wth body back as a
-----Fe: 442.png---------------------------------------------------------
stak of durb grass, ke a femae ncarnaton of the god of Love; and
Sryaprabha spent that day wth that back maden, whose face was ke
a fu moon.
And the next day, kng Ba, foowed by the Asuras, n the same way
ed that Sryaprabha to hs own under-word, the thrd. There he gave
hm hs own daughter named Sundar, wth compexon ovey as a young
shoot, and resembng a custer of mdhav fowers. Sryaprabha then spent
that day wth that pear of women n heaveny en|oyment and spendour.
The next day, Maya aso n the same way re-conducted the prnce, who
was n the fourth under-word, to hs own paace, whch possessed curousy
adorned |eweed terraces, was constructed by hs own magc power, and
on account of ts refugent spendour seemed to be new every moment.
There he gave hm hs own daughter, named Sumy, whose beauty was the
wonder of the word, who seemed to be hs own power ncarnate, and he
dd not thnk that she ought to be wthhed from hm on account of hs
beng a mere morta. The fortunate Sryaprabha remaned there wth her.
Then the prnce dvded hs body by hs magc scence, and ved at the
same tme wth a those Asura ades, but wth hs rea body he ved
prncpay wth hs best beoved Mahak, the daughter of the Asura
Prahda.
And one nght, when he was happy n her presence, he asked the nobe
Mahak n the course of conversaton--"My dear, those two femae
frends, who came wth you, where are they? I never see them. Who
are they, and where have they gone?" Then Mahak sad--"You have
done we to remnd me. My femae frends are not two ony, but tweve
n number, and my father's brother carred them off from Indra's heaven.
The frst s named Am|r.|taprabh, the second Ke|'s|n, these are the
auspcousy
marked daughters of the hermt Parvata. And the thrd s Knd,
and the fourth Bhadrak, and the ffth s the nobe Kama wth beautfu
eyes. These three are the daughters of the great hermt Devaa. The
sxth s named Saudmn and the seventh U||va, these are both of them
daughters of the Gandharva Hh. The eghth s by name Pvar, the
daughter of the Gandharva Huhu. And the nnth s by name An|ank,
the daughter of the mghty Ka. And the tenth s Ke|'s|arva, sprung
from the Ga|n.|a Pngaa. And the eeventh s Mn by name, the daughter
of Kambaa, and the twefth s Mandram the daughter of a Vasu.
They are a heaveny nymphs, born from Apsarases, and, when I was marred,
they were taken to the frst under-word, and I must bestow them on
you, n order that I may be aways wth them. And ths I promsed them,
for I ove them. I spoke too to my father, but he refused to gve them,
out of regard for hs brother." When Sryaprabha heard ths, he sad to
her wth a downcast expresson--"My beoved, you are very magnanmous,
-----Fe: 443.png---------------------------------------------------------
but how can I do ths?" When Sryaprabha sad ths to her, Mahak
sad n anger--"In my presence you marry others, but my frends you do
not desre, separated from whom I sha not be happy even for one moment."
When she sad ths to hm, Sryaprabha was peased and consented to do
t. Then that daughter of Prahda mmedatey took hm to the frst
under-word and gave hm those tweve madens. Then Sryaprabha
marred those heaveny nymphs n order, commencng wth Am|r.|taprabh.
And after askng Mahak's eave, he had them taken by Prabhsa to the
fourth under-word and conceaed there. And Sryaprabha hmsef went
there secrety wth Mahak, but he went to the ha of Prahda, as
before, to take hs meas.
There the kng of the Asuras sad to Suntha and Maya--"Go a
of you to vst the two goddesses Dt and Danu." They sad "So be t,"
and mmedatey Maya, Suntha and Sryaprabha eft the ower word,
accompaned by the Asuras n order of precedence, and ascended the charot
Bhtsana, whch came to them on beng thought of, and repared to the
hermtage of Ka|'s|yapa stuated on a rdge of mount Sumeru. There
they were announced by hermts who shewed them a courtesy, and after
enterng they behed n due order Dt and Danu together, and bowed ther
heads at ther feet. And those two mothers of the Asuras cast a favourabe
ook upon them and ther foowers, and after sheddng tears and
kssng them |oyfuy upon ther heads,|*| and bestowng ther bessng
upon them, sad to Maya: "Our eyes are to-day bessed, havng seen ths
thy son Suntha restored to fe, and we consder thee one whose merts
have procured hm good fortune. And behodng wth heart-fet satsfacton
ths prosperous Sumundka, born agan n the character of Sryaprabha,
possessed of heaveny beauty and of extraordnary vrtue, destned
to be successfu and gorous, aboundng n unmstakeabe marks of future
greatness, we openy adore hm here wth our bodes. Therefore rse up
qucky, darngs, and vst Pra|pat here, our husband; from behodng
hm you sha obtan success n your ob|ects, and hs advce w be hepfu
to you n your affars." When Maya and the others receved ths order
from the goddesses, they went as they were commanded, and behed the
hermt Ka|'s|yapa n a heaveny hermtage. He was ke pure moten god
n appearance, fu of brghtness, the refuge of the gods, wearng matted
ocks yeow as fame, rresstbe as fre. And approachng, they fe at
hs feet wth ther foowers, n order; then the hermt gave them the
customary bessng, and after makng them st down, out of deght at ther
* The Petersburg excographers remark that sampadd s "woh feherhaft." A
MS. n the Sanskrt Coege has sdard. But ths seems mprobabe wth sdare
n the
ne above. Babu Sym Charan Mukhopdhyya con|ectures sammadd whch
I
have adopted.
-----Fe: 444.png---------------------------------------------------------
arrva sad to them--"I am exceedngy gad that I have behed a you
my sons; thou art to be prased, Maya, who, wthout dvergng from the
good path, art a treasure-house of a scences; and thou art fortunate,
Suntha, who hast recovered thy fe though ost, and thou, O Sryaprabha,
art fortunate, who art destned to be the kng of the sky-goers. So you
must a contnue now n the path of rghteousness, and hearken to my
word, by means of whch you w obtan the hghest fortune, and taste
perpetua |oys, and by whch you w not agan be conquered by your
enemes; for t was those Asuras, that transgressed aw, that became a prey
for the dscus of the vanqusher of Mura. And those Asuras, Suntha,
that were san by the gods, are ncarnate agan as human heroes. He who
was thy younger brother Sumundka, has been born ndeed now as
Sryaprabha.
And the other Asuras, who were your companons, have been
born as hs frends; for nstance, the great Asura, named |'S|ambara, has been
born as hs mnster Prahasta. And the Asura, named Tr|'s|ras, has been
born as hs mnster named Sddhrtha. And the Dnava, named Vtp, s
now hs mnster Pra|n|d.|hya. And the Dnava, named Uka, s now hs
companon named |'S|ubhankara, and hs present frend Vtabht was n a
former brth a foe of the gods, named Ka. And ths Bhsa, hs mnster,
s an ncarnaton of a Datya by name Vshaparvan, and hs mnster
Prabhsa s an ncarnaton of a Datya named Prabaa. He was a great-hearted
Datya wth a frame composed of |ewes, who, when asked
by the gods, though they were hs enemes, hewed hs body to peces,
and so passed nto another state of exstence, and from that body
of hs a the |ewes n the word have orgnated. The goddess Durg
was so peased at that, that she granted hm a boon accompaned by
another body, by vrtue of whch he has now been born as Prabhsa,
mghty, and hard to be overcome by hs enemes. And those Dnavas,
who formery exsted under the names of Sunda and Upasunda, have
been born as hs mnsters Sarvadamana and Bhayankara. And the two
Asuras, who used to be caed Vka|t.|ksha and Hayagrva, have been born
as hs two mnsters here, Sthrabuddh and Mahbuddh. And the others
connected wth hm, these fathers-n-aw, mnsters and frends of hs, are
aso ncarnatons of Asuras, who have often vanqushed Indra and hs crew.
So your party has agan graduay acqured strength. Be of good courage;
f you do not depart from the rght, you sha obtan the hghest
prosperty." Whe the |r.|sh Ka|'s|yapa was sayng ths, a hs wves, the
daughters of Daksha, headed by Adt, arrved at the tme of the md-day
sacrfce. When they had gven ther bessng to Maya and the others, who
bowed before them, and had performed ther husband's orders for the day,
Indra aso came there wth the Lokapas|*| to vst the sage. And Indra,
* The eght Lokapas or guardans of the word.
-----Fe: 445.png---------------------------------------------------------
after sautng the feet of Ka|'s|yapa and hs wves and after havng been
sauted by Maya and the others, ookng angry at Sryaprabha, sad to
Maya,--"Ths s the boy, I suppose, that s desrous of becomng emperor
of the Vdydharas; how s he satsfed wth so very tte, and why does he
not desre the throne of heaven?" When Maya heard ths, he sad, "The
throne of heaven was decreed to you by |'S|va, and to hm was apponted
the soveregnty of the sky-goers."|*| When Indra heard ths, he sad wth an
angry augh--"Ths woud be but a sma matter for ths comey shape of a
youth who s furnshed wth such auspcous marks." Then Maya answered
hm--"If |'S|ruta|'s|arman deserves the soveregnty of the Vdydharas, then
surey ths shape of hs deserves the throne of heaven." When Maya sad
ths, Indra was angry, and rose and upfted hs thunderbot, and then the
hermt Ka|'s|yapa made a threatenng nose of anger. And Dt and the
other wves became enraged, and ther faces were red wth anger, and they
oudy cred, "Shame!" Then Indra, afrad of beng cursed, wthdrew hs
weapon, and sat down wth bowed head. Then Indra fe at the feet of
that hermt Ka|'s|yapa, the sre of gods and Asuras, who was surrounded by
hs wves, and after strvng to appease hm, made the foowng representaton
wth hands foded n suppcaton: "O reverend one, ths Sryaprabha
s attemptng to take away from |'S|ruta|'s|arman the soveregnty of the
Vdydharas, whch I bestowed on hm. And Maya s exertng hmsef n
every way to procure t for Sryaprabha." When Pra|pat heard that,
he sad, seated wth Dt and Danu,--"Thou ovest |'S|ruta|'s|arman, O Indra,
but |'S|va oves Sryaprabha, and hs ove cannot be frutess, and he ong
ago ordered Maya to do what he has done. So, what s a ths outcry
that thou art makng aganst Maya, what offence has he commtted heren?
For he s one who abdes n the path of rght, wse, dscreet, submssve to
hs sprtua superor. The fre of my wrath woud have reduced thee to
ashes, f thou hadst commtted that sn, and thou hast no power aganst
hm; dost thou not recognse hs mght?" When that hermt wth hs
wves sad that, Indra was abashed wth shame and fear, and Adt sad--"What
s that |'S|ruta|'s|arman ke? Let hm be brought here and shown to
us." When Indra heard ths, he sent Mta,|*| and had brought there
mmedatey
that |'S|ruta|'s|arman, the prnce of the sky-goers. The wves of Ka|'s|yapa,
when they had seen that |'S|ruta|'s|arman, who prostrated hmsef, ooked at
Sryaprabha and sad to the hermt Ka|'s|yapa--"Whch of these two s the
rcher n beauty and n auspcous marks?" Then that chef of hermts sad,
"|'S|ruta|'s|arman s not even equa to hs mnster Prabhsa, much ess s he
equa to that ncomparabe one. For ths Sryaprabha s furnshed wth
varous heaveny marks of such exceence, that, f he were to make the
attempt,
he woud fnd even the throne of Indra easy to obtan." When
* I. e. the Vdydharas.
* Hs charoteer.
-----Fe: 446.png---------------------------------------------------------
they heard that speech of Ka|'s|yapa's. a there approved t, and sad--"So
t s." Then the hermt gave Maya a boon n the hearng of great
Indra--"Because, my son, thou ddst reman undaunted, even when Indra
fted up hs weapon to strke, therefore thou shat reman unharmed by
the pagues of sckness and od age, whch are strong as the thunderbot.
Moreover these two magnanmous sons of thne, who resembe thee, sha
aways be nvncbe by a ther enemes. And ths son of mne Suvsakumra,
resembng n spendour the autumn moon, sha come when thou thnkest of
hm, and assst thee n the nght of caamty. When the hermt had thus
spoken, hs wves and the |r.|shs and the Lokapas n the same way gave
boons to them, to Maya and the rest, n the assemby. Then Adt sad to
Indra--"Desst, Indra, from thy mproper conduct, concate Maya, for
thou hast seen to-day the frut of dscreet conduct, n that he has obtaned
boons from me." When Indra heard that, he sezed Maya by the hand and
proptated hm, and Sruta|'s|arman, ecpsed by Sryaprabha, was ke the
moon n the day. Then the kng of the gods mmedatey prostrated hmsef
before Ka|'s|yapa hs sprtua gude, and returned as he came, accompaned
by a the Lokapas; and Maya and the others, by the order of
that exceent hermt, departed from hs hermtage to meet success n ther
proposed undertakng.
CHAPTER XLVI.
Then Maya and Suntha and Sryaprabha, a of them, eft that hermtage
of Ka|'s|yapa, and reached the |uncton of the Chandrabhg and
Arvat, where the kngs, the frends and connexons of Sryaprabha, were
awatng hm. And the kngs who were there, when they saw Sryaprabha
arrved, rose up weepng n despar, eager to de. Sryaprabha, thnkng
that ther gref arose from not seeng Chandraprabha, tod them the whoe
occurrence as t happened. Then, as they st remaned despondent, he
questoned them, and they reuctanty reated how hs wves had been carred
off by |'S|ruta|'s|arman. And they aso tod hm how they were preparng to
commt sucde through gref at that outrage, when they were forbdden
by a heaveny voce. Then Sryaprabha n wrath made ths vow--"Even
f Brahm and a the other gods protect |'S|ruta|'s|arman, I w certany
overthrow hm, a van who carres off the wves of others, addcted to
treacherous nsoence." And havng made ths vow, he apponted a
moment fxed by the astroogers on the seventh day, for marchng to hs
overthrow. Then Maya, percevng that he was determned, and had
-----Fe: 447.png---------------------------------------------------------
made up hs mnd to conquer hs enemy, agan confrmed hm wth hs
speech, and sad to hm--"If you reay have made up your mnd,
then I w te you ths; t was I that on that occason carred off your
wves by magc, and I paced them n the under-word, thnkng that thus
you woud set about your vctorous expedton n an mpetuous manner,
for a fre does not of tsef burn so fercey, as t does when fanned by a
breeze. So come, et us go to the under-word; I w shew you those
wves of yours." When they heard that speech of Maya's, they a re|oced,
and they entered agan by the same openng as before, and went to the
fourth under-word, Maya eadng the way. There Maya brought those
wves of Sryaprabha's out of a dweng-house, and devered them over
to hm. Then Sryaprabha, after recevng those wves, and the others, the
daughters of the Asuras, went by the advce of Maya to vst Prahda.
He, havng heard from Maya that Sryaprabha had obtaned boons, and
beng desrous of provng hm, took up hs weapon, and sad wth fegned
anger as he bowed before hm,--"I have heard, wcked one, that you have
carred off the tweve madens captured by my brother, so, I w say you
now; behod me." When Sryaprabha heard that, he sad to hm, wthout
changng countenance,--"My body s at your dsposa; punsh me, for
I have acted mpropery." When he sad ths, Prahda aughed and sad
to hm--"As far as I have tested you, you have not a drop of prde n
you. Choose a boon, I am peased wth you." When Sryaprabha heard
ths, he consented, and chose as hs boon devoton to hs superors and to
|'S|va. Then, a beng satsfed, Prahda gave to Sryaprabha a second
daughter of hs, named Ymn, and that prnce of the Asuras gave hm
two of hs sons as aes. Then Sryaprabha went wth a the rest nto
the presence of Ama. He too was peased on hearng that he had
obtaned the boons, and gave hm Sukhvat hs second daughter, and two
of hs sons to hep hm. Then Sryaprabha remaned there durng those
days, accompaned by hs wves, nducng other kngs of the Asuras to make
common cause wth hm. And he heard, n the company of Maya and the
others, that the three wves of Suntha and hs own wves, the daughters
of the kngs, had a become pregnant, and when asked what they onged
for, they a sad, to see that great batte, and the Asura Maya re|oced at
t, percevng that the Asuras, who were san n od tme, had been conceved
agan n them--"Ths," sad he, "s the cause of ther desre."
So sx days passed, but on the seventh Sryaprabha and the others,
wth ther wves and a, set out from the under-word. Deusve portents,
whch ther rvas dspayed to mpede them, were dsspated by Suvsakumra,
who came when thought of. Then they anonted Ratnaprabha,
the son of Chandraprabha, kng of the earth, and ascended the charot
Bhtsana,|*|
and went a of them, by the advce of Maya, to a wood of asce|*|
*I read samr|d.|ha-Bhtsana-vmnak|h.|.
-----Fe: 448.png---------------------------------------------------------
tes on the bank of the eastern Ganges, the dewng of Sumeru the kng
of the Vdydharas. There Sumeru receved them wth a honour, as they
had come on a frendy vst, havng been tod the whoe story by Maya,
and rememberng the prevous command of S'va. And whe Chandraprabha
and the others were n that pace, they summoned each of them a
ther own forces, and aso ther reatons and frends. Frst came those
prnces, the sons of the fathers-n-aw of Sryaprabha, who had acqured
from Maya the requred scences, eager for the fray. They were sxteen
n number, headed by Harbhata, and each was foowed by a force consstng
of a myrad of charots, and two myrads of footmen. After them
came the Datyas and Dnavas true to ther agreement, brothers-n-aw,
fathers-n-aw, frends and other connexons of Sryaprabha.
Hrshtaroman, and Mahmya, and Snhadanshtra and Prakampana,
and Tantukachehha and Durroha, and Sumya, and Va|rapan|ara, and
Dhmaketu, and Pramathana, and the Dnava Vkatksha, and many
others came from as ow down as the seventh under-word. One came
wth seven myrads of charots, another wth eght, another wth sx, and
another wth three, and the east powerfu of a wth one myrad. One
brought three hundred thousand footmen, another two hundred thousand,
another one hundred thousand, and the pettest potentate of a ffty thousand.
And each brought a correspondng number of horses and eephants.
And another nnumerabe host came beongng to Maya and Suntha. And
Sryaprabha's own countess army aso arrved, and those of Vasudatta and
the other kngs, and that of Sumeru.
Then the Asura Maya addressed ths queston to the hermt Suvsakumra,
who came to hm when thought of, n the presence of Sryaprabha
and the others--"Reverend sr, we cannot revew ths army here because t
s scattered; so te me where we coud get a vew of the whoe army at
once extended n ong array." The hermt answered--"Not more than a
yo|ana from here there s a pace caed Kapagrma; go there and behod
t drawn up n ne." When the hermt sad that, a the prnces went
wth hm and Sumeru to Kapagrma. There they made the armes of the
Asuras and the kngs take up ther postons, and gong to an eevated spot
they revewed them separatey. Then Sumeru sad--"S'rutas'arman has
the arger force, for he has under hm a hundred and one chefs of the
Vdydharas. And every snge one of those chefs s ord of two and thrty
kngs. Never mnd! I w draw away some and make them |on you. So
et us go n the mornng to the pace named Vamka. For to-morrow
s the eghth unar day of the back fortnght of Phguna, whch s
a hgh day. And on that day there s produced there a sgn to show the
future emperor, and for that reason the Vdydharas are gong there n a
great hurry on that day.
-----Fe: 449.png---------------------------------------------------------
When Sumeru gave that opnon wth regard to the army, they spent
that day n accordance wth the aw, and went on the morrow to Vamka
n charots wth ther army. There they encamped wth shoutng forces
on the southern pateau of the Hmayas, and behed many Vdydhara
kngs that had arrved. And those Vdydharas had ghted fres there n
fre-cavtes, and were engaged n sacrfcng, and some were occuped wth
mutterng prayers. Then, where Sryaprabha made a fre-cavty, the
fre burst forth of tsef, owng to the power of hs magc scence. When
Sumeru saw t, he was peased, but envy arose n the breasts of the
Vdyadharas
at the sght; then one sad to hm--"For shame, Sumeru! why
do you abandon your rank as a Vdydhara, and foow ths nhabtant of
earth named Sryaprabha?" When Sumeru heard ths, he angry rebuked
hm. And when Sryaprabha asked hs name, he sad--"There s a
Vdydhara of the name of Bhma, and Brahm oved hs wfe at w;
from ths connexon he sprang. Snce be sprang from Brahm n a
secret way, he s caed Brahmagupta. Hence he speaks n a stye characterstc
of hs brth."
After sayng ths, Sumeru aso made a fre-cavty. And n t Sryaprabha
sacrfced wth hm to the god of Fre. And n a moment there
suddeny rose from the hoe n the ground an enormous and terrbe
serpent. In hs arrogance, that chef of the Vdydharas, named Brahmagupta,
by whom Sumeru was bamed, ran to seze t. That serpent thereupon
sent forth a hssng wnd from ts mouth, whch carred Brahmagupta
a hundred feet, and fung hm down wth such voence that he fe ke a
wthered eaf. Then a chef of the Vdydharas, named Te|a|h.|prabha, ran
to seze t; he was fung away by t n the same manner. Then a ord of
the Vdydharas, named Dush|t.|adamana, approached t; be was hured back
ke the others by that bast from ts mouth. Then a prnce of the sky-goers,
named Vrpa|'s|akt, approached t; he too was fung away as easy as a
bade of grass by that breath. Then two kngs, named Angraka and
V||r.|mbhaka, ran towards t together; and t fung them to a dstance wth
ts breath. Thus a the prnces of the Vdydharas were fung away one
after another, and rose up wth dffcuty, wth ther mbs brused wth
stones. Then |'S|ruta|'s|arman, n hs prde, went forward to seze the serpent;
but t hured hm back wth the bast of ts breath ke the others. He
fe at a short dstance, and rose up agan, and ran agan towards t; when
t carred hm a greater dstance wth ts breath, and fung hm to earth.
Then |'S|ruta|'s|arman rose up abashed, wth brused mbs, and Sumeru sent
S|.u|ryaprabba to ay hod of the serpent. And then the Vdydharas rdcued
hm, sayng, "Look! he too s tryng to catch the snake! O! these men,
thoughtess as monkeys, mtate whatever they see another dong." Even
whe they were mockng hm, Sryaprabha went and sezed the serpent,
-----Fe: 450.png---------------------------------------------------------
the serpent became a prceess quver, and a ran of fowers fe from the
sky on hs head. And a heaveny voce sounded aoud--" Sryaprabha, thne
s ths mpershabe quver equa to a magc power, so take t." Then the
Vdydharas were cast down, Sryaprabha sezed the quver, and Maya and
Suntha and Sumeru were deghted.
Then S'rutas'arman departed, accompaned by the host of the Vdydharas,
and hs ambassador came to Sryaprabha and sad; " The august
ord S'rutas'arman thus commands--'Gve me that quver, f you vaue your
fe.' "Then Sryaprabha sad; "Ambassador, go and te hm ths--
Your own body sha become a quver, brstng a over wth my
arrows.' "When the ambassador heard ths speech, he turned and went
away, and a aughed at that furous message of S'rutas'arman's*, and
Sumeru, |oyfuy embracng Sryaprabha, sad to hm--"I am deghted
that that speech of S'va's has wthout doubt been fufed, for now that
you have acqured ths exceent quver, you have practcay acqured
soveregn empre; so come and obtan now a spendd bow wth cam
ntrepdty.
When they heard Sumeru say ths, and he hmsef ed the way, they
a, Sryaprabha and the others, went to the mountan Hemakta. And on
the north sde of t they reached a beautfu ake named Mnasa, whch
seemed to have been the frst assay of the Creator's sk when makng the
sea, whch ecpsed wth ts fu-bown goden otuses shaken by the wnd,
the faces of the heaveny nymphs sportng n the water. And whe they
were contempatng the beauty of the ake, S'rutas'arman and a the others
came there. And then Sryaprabha made a sacrfce wth otuses and. ghee,
and mmedatey a terrbe coud rose up from that ake. That coud fed
the heaven, and poured down a great ran, and among the ran-drops fe
from the coud a back serpent. By the order of Sumeru, Sryaprabha
rose up, and sezed that serpent wth a frm grasp, though t ressted,
thereupon
t became a bow. When t became a bow, a second snake fe from
the coud, through fear of the fery poson of whch a the sky-goers ed.
That serpent too, when sezed by Sryaprabha, ke the frst, became a
bowstrng, and the coud qucky dsappeared. And after a ran of fowers,
a voce was heard from heaven,--"Sryaprabha, you have won ths bow
Amtabaa and ths strng whch cannot be cut, so take these prceess
treasures." And Sryaprabha took that exceent bow wth the strng.
S'rutas'arman, for hs part, went despondent to hs wood of ascetcs, and
Sryaprabha, and Maya and the others were deghted.
Then they asked Sumeru about the orgn of the bow, and he sad--
* Readng rabhasokt for nabhasokt. Perhaps sddhmtam n 1. 78, a, shoud
bo
sddhamdam.
-----Fe: 451.png---------------------------------------------------------
"Here there s a great and marveous wood of bamboo canes, whatever
bamboos are cut from t and thrown nto ths ake, become great and
wonderfu bows; and these bows have been acqured by severa of the gods
before yoursef, and by Asuras and Gandharvas, and dstngushed
Vdydharas.
They have varous names, but the bows approprated to emperors
are a caed Amtabaa, and were n od tme deposted n the ake by the
gods. And they are obtaned, through the favour of S'va, wth these exertons,
by certan men of vrtuous conduct destned to be emperors. Hence
t comes that Sryaprabha has to-day procured ths great bow, and these
companons of hs sha procure bows suted to them. For they, beng
heroes who have acqured the scences, are approprate recpents for them,
for they are st procured by worthy men, as s rght."
When the companons of Sryaprabha, Prabhsa and the others, heard
ths speech of Sumeru's, they went to the bamboo-grove, and after defeatng
the kng Chandradatta, who guarded t, they brought the bamboos, and
threw them nto the ake. And these heroc men, by fastng on the bank
of the ake, and mutterng prayers, and sacrfcng, obtaned bows n seven
days. When they returned and tod ther adventure, Sryaprabha returned
wth them and Maya and the others to that wood of ascetcs, n whch
Sumeru dwet. Then Sumeru sad to hm: "It s strange that your
frends have conquered Chandradatta, the kng of the bamboo-wood;
though he s nvncbe. He possesses a scence caed the bewderng
scence, for that reason he s hard to conquer. Surey he must have been
keepng t to use aganst a more mportant enemy. For ths reason he dd
not empoy t aganst these companons of yours on the present occason,
for t ony ean succeed onee n hs hands, not repeatedy. For he empoyed
t onee aganst hs sprtua preceptor to try ts force, thereupon he ad
upon hm ths curse. So ths matter shoud be thought upon, for the
mght of scences s hard to overcome, and for that reason you shoud consut
the revered Maya. What can I say n hs presence? Of what ava s
a cande n the face of the sun?" When Sumeru had sad ths to Sryaprabha,
Maya sad; "Sumeru has tod you the truth n few words, sten to
ths whch I now say--From undeveoped matter there sprng n ths word
varous powers, and subordnate powers. Among them the sound expressed
by Anusvra arses from the power of breathng, and becomes a spe of
force n magc scences, when accompaned wth the doctrne of the hghest
truth. And of those scences whch dea wth spes, and whch are acqured
by supernatura knowedge, or austerty, or the hoy command of hoy men,
the power s hard to resst. So, my son, you have obtaned a the scences,
except two, n whch you are defcent, namey, the scence of bewderng,
and that of counteractng. But Y|navakya knows them, therefore go
and ask hm to bestow them on you. When thus advsed by Maya, Sryaprabha
went nto the presence of that rsh.
-----Fe: 452.png---------------------------------------------------------
That hermt made hm dwe for seven days n the serpent-ake, and
ordered hm to perform austertes for three days n the mdst of the fre.
And he gave hm the bewderng power when he had endured for seven days
the bte of the snakes, and the counteractng power when he had ressted
for three days the force of the fre.|*| And when he had obtaned these
scences, that hermt ordered hm agan to enter the fre-cavty, and he
consented and dd t. And mmedatey there was bestowed on Sryaprabha
a charot n the form of a whte otus, that moved at the w of the
possessor, and traveed through the ar, whch was furnshed wth a hundred
and eght wngs, and the same number of dwengs, and constructed
of precous |ewes of varous knds. And a voce from heaven addressed
that resoute one,--"You have obtaned ths charot sutabe for an emperor,
and you must pace your wves n a these dwengs, n order that they
may be safe from your enemes." Then he, bendng ow, addressed ths petton
to hs preceptor Y|navakya--"Te me what fee I am to pay." The
hermt answered hm--"Remember me at the tme when you are anonted
emperor, ths n tsef w be suffcent fee; n the meanwhe go to
your army." Then he bowed before that hermt, and ascended that charot,
and went to hs army, that was encamped n the pace where Sumeru dwet.
There he tod hs story, and Maya and the others, wth Suntha and Sumeru,
congratuated hm, now that he had obtaned a magc charot.
Then Suntha caed to mnd that Suvsakumra, and he came and
sad to Maya and the others, wth the kngs; " Sryaprabha has obtaned
a charot and a the magc scences; so why do you even now reman
ndfferent about conquerng your enemes?" When Maya heard that, he sad,
"Reverend sr, you have spoken rghty, but frst et an ambassador be
sent, and et pocy be empoyed." When Maya sad ths, the hermt's son
sad--"So be t! What harm can ths do? Let ths Prahasta be sent. He
s dscernng, eoquent, and understands the nature of busness and occasons,
and he s stem and endurng, he possesses a the quates of an ambassador."
A approved ths speech of hs, and after gvng Prahasta
nstructons, they sent hm off as ambassador to |'S|ruta|'s|arman.
When he had gone, Sryaprabha sad to a hs foowers,--"Hear the
strange wonderfu vson that I have had--I remember, I saw toward
the end of ast nght, that we were a carred away by a great
stream of water, and whe we were swept away, we kept dancng, we dd
not snk at a. Then that stream was turned back by a contrary breeze.
Then a certan man of fery brghtness drew us out, and threw us nto
the fre, and we were not burned by the fre. Then a coud raned a stream
of bood, and that bood fed the whoe sky, then my seep came to an
* In the MS. ent me from the Sanskrt Coege I fnd so|d.|hhdan|'s|asya and
vso|d.|havahne|'s|.
-----Fe: 453.png---------------------------------------------------------
end wth the nght." When he sad ths, Suvsakumra sad to hm,
"Ths dream ndcates success preceded by a strugge. The stream of
water s batte, t s due to vaour that you dd not snk but danced, and
were carred aong by the water; the wnd, that turned back the water for
you, s some savour to whom men resort for protecton; and the man of
fery brghtness, who drew you out of t, s |'S|va n body form. And that
he threw you nto the fre, means that you are cast nto a great war; and
that the couds arose, that means the returnng agan of fear; and the
ran of a stream of bood, that means the destroyng of fear, and the fng
of a the quarters wth bood, that means great success for you. Now
dreams are of many knds,|*| the rch-sensed, the true-sensed, and the
senseess. A dream whch qucky reveas ts meanng, s caed rch-sensed,
a dream n whch a proptous god gves a command, s caed
true-sensed, and one whch s brought about by deep medtaton and
anxety, they ca senseess. For a man under the nfuence of seep, wth
mnd bewdered by the quaty of passon and wthdrawn from outward
ob|ects, sees a dream on account of varous causes. And t depends upon
the tme, when t s seen, whether t s fufed soon or ate, but ths knd
of dream whch s seen at the end of the nght s qucky fufed.|*| |**cose
quote mssng| When
Sryaprabha and hs companons heard ths from the hermt's son, they
were much peased, and rsng up they performed the dutes of the day.
In the meanwhe Prahasta returned from the court of |'S|ruta|'s|arman,
and, when asked by Maya and the others, he descrbed hs adventures.
"I went rapdy hence to the cty named Trk|t.|apatk, stuated on the
mountan Trk|t.|a, but of god. And beng ntroduced by the doorkeeper,
I entered, and behed |'S|ruta|'s|arman surrounded by varous Vdydhara
kngs, by hs father Trk|t.|asena, and aso by Vkrama|'s|akt and
Durandhara and other heroes, Dmodara among them. And sttng down,
I sad to |'S|ruta|'s|arman, 'I am sent to vst you by the august Sryaprabha:
and he commssoned me to gve you ths command. By the favour
of |'S|va I have obtaned precous scences, and wves and aes. So come
and |on my army, together wth those chefs of the sky-goers; I am the
sayer of those that oppose, but the savour of those that bend. And as
for your carryng off from her reatons the maden Kmach|d.|ma|n.|, the
daughter of Suntha, who ought not to be approached, set her at berty,
for that s a deed of shame.' When I sad ths they a excamed n
wrath,--'Who s he that sends us ths haughty command? Let hm
gve commands to mortas, but who s he compared wth Vdydharas?
* Readng aneko dhanyrtho.
* Cp. Odyssey 4. 841 |Greek: hs ho henarges heneron hepesuto nuktos
hamog|, where some suppose
|Greek: hapogos| to mean the four hours before daybreak.
-----Fe: 454.png---------------------------------------------------------
Snce he assumes such ars, though he s a mserabe morta, he shoud be
destroyed.1
"When I heard that, I sad, 'What, what? Who s he? Lsten, he has
been created by S'va as your future emperor. If he s a morta, then
mortas have attaned dvnty, and the Vdydharas have seen the vaour
of that morta; moreover, f he comes here, we sha soon see whch party
w be destroyed.' When I sad ths n wrath, that assemby was dsturbed.
And S'ruta|'s|arman and Dhurandhara rushed forward to say me.
And I sad to them--'Come now, et me see your vaour!' Then Dmodara
rose up, and restraned them, excamng 'Peace! an ambassador and
a Brhman must not be san.' Then Vkrama|'s|akt sad to me--'Depart,
ambassador, for we, ke your master, are a created by S'va. So et hm
come, and we w see whether we are abe to entertan hm or not.' When
he sad ths n a haughty manner, I aughed and sad, 'The swans utter ther
cres n the otus-bower and en|oy themseves much, unt they see the
coud that comes darkenng the heaven.' After sayng ths I rose up n a
contemptuous manner, eft the court, and came here." When Maya and
others heard ths from Prahasta, they were peased. And they a, Sryaprabha
and the rest, determned on preparng for batte, and made Prabhsa,
the mpetuous n war, ther genera. And recevng the command from
Suvsakumra, they a prepared that day wth strct vows to consecrate
themseves for the combat.|*|
And at nght, Sryaprabha, as he was yng seepess, saw a wonderfu
and beautfu maden enter the chamber, n whch he was occupyng a sotary
couch n accordance wth hs vow. She came body up to hm, who
pretended to be aseep, wth hs mnsters seepng round hm, and sad to
her confdante, who was wth her; "If he possesses such gorous beauty,
when he s aseep, and a the gracefu moton of hs body s st,
what must t be, my frend, when he s awake? So et be! we must
not wake hm up. I have gratfed the curosty of my eyes. Why
shoud I fx my heart too fondy on hm? For he w have a batte
wth Sruta|'s|arman, and who can say what w befa ether party n t?
For the feast of batte s for consumng the ves of heroes. And
shoud he not be fortunate, we sha have to take some other resove. |*|
And how coud one ke me captvate the sou of a man who, when roamng
n the ar, behed Kmachdman?" When she sad ths, her confdante
answered, "Why do you say ths? Why, far one, s t your duty not to
aow your heart to attach tsef to hm? Why shoud not he, the sght of
whom captvated the heart of Kmachdman, captvate the heart of any
* I read cha ra|.n|adkshym.
|*| The MS. n the Sansk|.r|t Coege reads tatrsystu |'s|vam tvat; et hm
succeed
n the batte.
-----Fe: 455.png---------------------------------------------------------
other ady, were she even Arundat|'|? And do you not
know that he w prosper n fght by the force of scence? And when he s
emperor, you, and Ka|'m|ach|'u|d|'a|man, and Suprabh|'a| of the same famy,
are
to be hs wves, so say the hoy sages, and n -these very days he has marred
Suprabh|'a|. So, how can he be unsuccessfu n fght? For the predctons
of the sages are never fasfed. And w you not captvate the heart
of the man, whose heart was captvated by Suprabh|'a|? For you, bameess
one, exceed her n beauty. And f you hestate through regard for your reatons,
that s not rght, for good women have no reatons but ther husband."
That exceent maden, when she heard ths speech of her confdante's,
sad--"You have spoken truth, my frend, I need no other reatons.
And I know my husband w conquer n fght by hs scence. He
has obtaned |ewes and scences, but my mnd s greved because up to the
present tme he has not obtaned the vrtuous herbs. Now they are a n
a cave of the mountan Chandrap|'a|da. But they are to be obtaned by an
emperor possessng vrtue. So, f he were to go there and procure those
mghty drugs, t woud be we, for hs great strugge s ngh at hand, even
to-morrow." When S|'u|ryaprabha heard ths, he fung off a hs fegned
seep, and rsng up, sad respectfuy to that maden--"Lovey-eyed one,
you have shewn great favour to me, so I w go there, te me who you are."
When the maden heard that, she was abashed wth shame, and sent, thnkng
that he had heard a, but her frend sad--"Ths s a maden named
V|'a|sn|'|, the daughter of Sumeru, the prnce of the Vdy|'a|dharas, who was
desrous of behodng you." When her frend sad ths, V|'a|sn|'| sad to
her, "Come, et us go now," and went out of the room.
Then S|'u|ryaprabha woke up hs mnsters, Prabh|'a|sa and the rest, and
tod them of that method of procurng the drugs, whch the ady spoke of.
And he sent Prabh|'a|sa, a ft person to accompsh that, to te t to Sun|'|tha
and Sumeru and Maya. And when they came and approved of t,
S|'u|ryaprabha,
accompaned by hs mnsters, went wth them n the nght to the
mountan Chandrap|'a|da. And as they were graduay advancng, the Yakshas,
Guhyakas, and Kumbh|'a|ndas, beng aarmed, rose up to bar ther way,
armed wth numerous weapons. Some of them S|'u|ryaprabha and hs frends
bewdered wth weapons, some they paraysed by scence, and at ast they
reached that mountan Chandrap|'a|da. When they reached the mouth of
the cavern n that mountan, the Ga|n.|as of |'S|va prevented them from
enterng,
assumng strange deformed countenances. Then Suv|'a|sakum|'a|ra
sad to S|'u|ryaprabha and the others, "We must not fght wth these, for
the revered god |'S|va mght be angry. Let us prase that gver of boons by
hs eght thousand names, and that w make the Ga|n.|as|*| favouraby
dsposed
to us." Then they a agreed, and prased |'S|va; and the Ga|n.|as,
* I. e. attendants of |'S|va.
-----Fe: 456.png---------------------------------------------------------
peased at hearng ther master prased, sad to them; "We abandon ths
cave to you, take ts potent smpes. But Sryaprabha must not enter t
hmsef; et Prabhsa enter t, for t w be easy for hm to enter." They
a sad "So be t," and acceded to the advce of the Ga|n.|as. Then that cave,
as soon as Prabhsa entered t, though before enveoped n darkness, became
rradated wth ght. And four very terrbe Rkshasas, who were servants
there, rose up, and bendng before hm, sad to hm "Enter." Then Prabhsa
entered, and coected those seven dvne herbs, and comng out, gave
them a to Sryaprabha. And that moment a voce was heard from heaven,
sayng, "Sryaprabha, of great power are these seven drugs whch you have
obtaned to-day." When Sryaprabha and the others heard that, they
were deghted, and qucky returned to the dweng of Sumeru to greet
ther army. Then Suntha asked that Suvsakumra; "Hermt, why
was Prabhsa aowed by the Ga|n.|as to enter the cave, and not Sryaprabha,
and why was he aso wecomed by the servants?" When the hermt
heard that, he sad n the hearng of a, " Lsten, I w expan ths--Prabhsa
s a great benefactor to Sryaprabha, beng a second sef to hm,
there s no dfference between them. Moreover, no one s equa n mght
and courage to Prabhsa, and ths cave beongs to hm on account of hs
good deeds n a former fe, and sten, I w te you what sort of a person
he was n a former exstence."
Story of the generous Dnava Namuch.
In od tmes there was an exceent
Dnava named Namuch, who
was devoted to charty and very brave, and dd not refuse to gve anythng
to anybody that asked, even f he were hs enemy. He practsed
ascetcsm as a drnker of smoke for ten thousand years, and obtaned as a
favour from Brahm, that he shoud be proof aganst ron, stone, and wood.
Then he frequenty conquered Indra and made hm fee, so the |r.|sh
Ka|'s|yapa entreated hm, and made hm make peace wth the gods. Then,
the gods and Asuras, as ther enmty was at an end, deberated together,
and went to the ocean of mk, and churned t wth the mountan Mandara.
And as Vsh|n.|u and the other gods receved Lakshm and other thngs as
ther shares, so Namuch ganed the horse Uchchha|h.||'s|ravas; and the other
gods and Asuras receved other varous shares, apponted by Brahm, of the
thngs that rose from the sea, when churned. And the am|r.|ta at ast
came up at the end of the churnng, and the gods stoe t, so a quarre
agan took pace between them and the Asuras. Then, as fast as the gods
ked an Asura n ther ght wth them, the horse Uchchha|h.||'s|ravas
mmedatey restored hm to fe by smeng hm. The consequence was
that the gods found t mpossbe to conquer the Datyas and Dnavas.
Then V|r.|haspat sad n secret to Indra, who was n despar: "There s
ony one expedent eft, adopt t wthout deay; go to Namuch yoursef,
-----Fe: 457.png---------------------------------------------------------
and ask hm for that exceent horse, for he w certany gve t to you,
though you are hs enemy, sooner than mar the gory of open-handedness,
whch he has been accumuatng snce hs brth."When the preceptor of the
gods sad that to hm, great Indra went wth the gods and craved as a boon
that horse Uchcha|h.||'s|ravas from Namuch. Then the great-hearted Namuch
refected, "I never turn back a suppant, so I w not turn back Indra; and
how can I, as ong as I am Namuch, refuse to gve hm the horse? If the
gory of generosty, whch I have ong been acqurng n the words, were to
wther, what woud be the use to me of prosperty, or fe?" Accordngy
he gave the horse to Indra, athough |'S|ukra warned hm not to do t.
Then Indra, after he had gven the horse, ued hm to securty, and as
he coud not be san by any other weapon, ked hm wth foam of the
Ganges, n whch he had paced a thunderbot. Aas! terrbe n the
word s the thrst for en|oyment, carred away by whch even gods do not
shrnk from unbecomng and nfamous conduct. When Danu, the mother
of Namuch, heard ths, beng affcted wth gref, she made by vrtue of
her ascetcsm a soemn resove for the aayng of her sorrow, "May that
mghty Namuch be agan born n my womb, and may he agan become
nvncbe by the gods n batte." Then he was agan conceved n
her womb, and born as an Asura composed a of |ewes, named Prabaa on
account of hs strength. Then he performed ascetcsm, and satsfyng
suppcants even wth hs fe, became successfu, and as prnce of the
Dnavas conquered Indra a hundred tmes. Then the gods took counse
together, and came to hm, and sad to hm: "By a means gve us your
body for a human sacrfce."* When he heard that, he gave them hs own
* The word, whch I have transated "human sacrfce," s purushamedha. For
the prevaence of human sacrfces among a natons of antquty see Grmm's
Teutonc
Mythoogy, transated by Staybrass, Vo. I, p. 44 and ff; see aso Tyor's
Prmtve Cuture, Vo. II, p. 216, 353, 361, 365. Dr. Ra|endraa Mtra. Ra
Bahadr, n an essay n the |ourna of the Asatc Socety for 1S76, entted
"Human
Sacrfces n Inda," traces the hstory of the practce n Inda, and ncdentay
among
the prncpa natons of antquty. The foowng s hs own summary of hs
concusons wth respect to the practce n Inda. (1) That, ookng to the hstory
of
human cvzaton, and the rtuas of the Hndus, there s nothng to |ustfy the
beef that n ancent tmes the Hndus were ncapabe of sacrfcng human
bengs
to ther gods. (2) That the |'S|una|h.||'s|upha hymns of the Rg Veda Sanht
most
probaby refer to a human sacrfce. (3) That the Atareya Brhma|n.|a refers to
an
actua, and not a typca human sacrfce. (4) That the Purushamedha orgnay
requred
the actua sacrfce of men. (5) That the |'S|atapatha Brhma|n.|a sanctons
human
sacrfce n some cases, but makes the Purushamedha embematc. (6) That the
Tattrya Brhma|n.|a en|ons the sacrfce of a man at the Horse sacrfce. (7)
That
the Pur|n.|as recognse human sacrfces to Cha|n.||d.|k but prohbt the
Purushamedha rte.
(8) That the Tantras en|on human sacrfces to Cha|n.||d.|k, and requre that,
when
-----Fe: 458.png---------------------------------------------------------
body, athough they were hs enemes; nobe men do not turn ther backs
on a suppant, but bestow on hm even ther ves. Then that Dnava
Prabaa was cut to peces by the gods, and he has been agan born n the
word of men wth the body of Prabhsa.
"So Prabhsa was frst Namuch, and then he was Prabaa, and then he
became Prabhsa, therefore on account of hs mert he s hard for hs enemes
to conquer. And that cave of herbs, whch beonged to that Prabaa, s for
that reason the property of Prabhsa, and s at hs command wth ts servants.
And beow t there s n Pta|*| the manson of Prabaa, and n t there are
hs tweve head-wves beautfuy adorned, and varous |ewes, and many knds
of weapons, and a wshng-stone, and a hundred thousand warrors, and aso
horses. Ths a beongs to Prabhsa, and was acqured by hm n a former
fe. Such a hero s Prabhsa; n hm nothng s wonderfu." When they
heard ths from the hermt's son, Sryaprabha and hs foowers, wth Maya
and Prabhsa, went mmedatey to that cavern beongng to Prabhsa,
that ed down to Pta, for the purpose of securng the |ewes. Prabhsa
aone went n by that entrance, and secured hs former wves, and the
wshng-stone, and the horses, and the Asura warrors, and comng out
agan wth a hs weath, he gave great satsfacton to Sryaprabha. Then
that Sryaprabha, havng qucky obtaned what he wshed, returned to hs
own camp wth Maya and Suntha and Prabhsa, foowed by Sumeru and
the other kngs and the mnsters. There, after the Asuras and kngs and
others had gone to ther own quarters, he agan was consecrated for the
fght, restranng hs passons, and spent the rest of the nght on a bed of
ku|'s|a grass.
CHAPTER XLVII.
Eary the next mornng, Sryaprabha set out from the hermtage of
Sumeru wth hs forces to conquer |'S|ruta|'s|arman. And arrvng near the
human vctms are not avaabe, an effgy of a human beng shoud be
sacrfced to
her. Of the sacrfces to Cha|n.||d.|k we have enough and to spare n the
Kath Sart
Sgara. Strange to say, t appears that human sacrfces were offered n Greece
on
Mount Lykaon n Arcada even n the tme of Pausanas. Dm tradtons wth
respect to the custom are st found among the nhabtants of that regon,
(Bernhard
Schmdt, Grechsche Mrchen, p. 27).
* Cp. chapter 45. In chapter 73 w be found another nstance of a "rfted
rock whose entrance eads to he." Cp. the Hercues Furens of Seneca, v. 662 &
ff.
-----Fe: 459.png---------------------------------------------------------
mountan of Trk|t.|a hs dweng pace, he encamped, drvng away the
enemes' army wth hs own force, whch was estabshed there. And whe
he was encamped there wth Sumeru, Maya, and others, and was n the ha
of counc, an ambassador came from the ord of Trk|t.|a. And when he
came, he sad to Sumeru the Vdydhara prnce; "The kng, the father of
|'S|ruta|'s|arman, sends you ths message. 'We have never entertaned you, as
you
were far off; now you have arrved n our terrtory wth guests, so now we
w shew you approprate hosptaty.'" When Sumeru heard ths scoffngy
ambguous message, he sad n answer: "Bravo! you w not get
another guest such a ft ob|ect of hosptaty as we are. Hosptaty w
not bear ts frut n the next word, ts frut s n ths. So here we
are, entertan us." When Sumeru sad ths, the ambassador returned
to hs master as he came.
Then Sryaprabha and the others, estabshed upon an eevated
pace, surveyed ther armes encamped separatey. Then Suntha sad to
hs father-n-aw the Asura Maya: "Expan to me the arrangement
of the warrors n our army." Then that a-knowng prnce of the
Dnavas sad, "I w do so, sten;" and pontng them out wth hs
fnger, he began to say--"These kngs Subhu, Nrghta, Mush|t.|ka,
and Gohara, and Praamba, and Pramtha, and Kanka|t.|a, and Pngaa,
and Vasudatta and others, are consdered haf-power warrors.|*| And
Ankurn, and Suv|'s|a, and Da|n.||d.|n, and Bhsha|n.|a, and Soma, and
Unmattaka, and Deva|s'|arman, and Pt|r.||'s|arman, and Kumraka, and
Hardatta
and others are a fu-power warrors. And Prakampana, and Darpta,
and Kumbhra, and Mt|r.|pta, and Mahbha|t.|a, and Vrasvmn, and
Surdhara, and Bh|n.||d.|ra, and Snhadatta and Gu|n.|avarman, wth
K|t.|aka
and Bhma and Bhayankara, these are a warrors of doube power.
And Vrochana, and Vrasena, and Ya|nasena, and Khu||ara, and Indravarman,
and |'S|evaraka, and Krrakarman, and Nrsaka, these prnces
are of trpe power, my son. And Su|'s|arman, and Bhu|'s|n, and V|'s|kha,
and Krodhana, and Pracha|n.||d.|a,--these prnces are warrors of fourfod
power. And |un|arn, and Vra|'s|arman, and Pravravara, and Suprat|na
and Marrma, and Cha|n.||d.|adanta, and |ka, and the three, Snhabha|t.|a,
Vyaghrabha|t.|a, and |'S|atrubha|t.|a, these kngs and prnces are warrors
of fvefod power. But ths prnce Ugravarman s a warror of sxfod
power. And the prnce V|'s|oka, and Sutantu, and Sugama, and
Narendra|'s|arman
are consdered warrors of sevenfod power. And ths kng
Sahasryu s a great warror. But ths |'S|atnka s ord of a host of
great warrors. And Subhsa, Harsha, and Vmaa, the companons of
Sryaprabha, Mahbuddh and Achaabuddh, Pryankara and |'S|ubhan-*
* For a parae to the absurdtes that foow, see Campbe's West Hghand
Taes, p. 202.
-----Fe: 460.png---------------------------------------------------------
kara are great warrors, as aso Ya|naruch and Dharmaruch. But
V'svaruch, and Bhsa, and Sddhrtha, these three mnsters of Sryaprabha,
are chefs of hosts of great warrors. And hs mnsters Prahasta
and Mahrtha are eaders of hosts of transcendent warrors. And
Pra|ndbya and Sthrabuddh are eaders of hosts of hosts|** dupcaton?| of
warrors;
and the Dnava Sarvadamana, and Pramathana here, and Dhmaketu, and
Pravahana, and Va|rapan|ara, and Kachakra, and Marudvega are eaders of
warrors and transcendent warrors. Prakampana and Snhanda are eaders
of hosts of eaders of hosts of warrors. And Mahmya, and Kmbaka,
and Kakampana here, and Prahr.shtaroman, these four ords of the
Asuras, are kngs over chefs of hosts of transcendent warrors. And ths
Prabhsa, the genera of the army, who s equa to Sryaprabha, and ths
son of Sumeru, Kun|arakumra, these two are eaders of hosts of chefs
of hosts of great warrors. Such heroes are there n our army, and others
besdes, grt wth ther foowers. There are more n the hoste army,
but 'Sva beng we dsposed towards us, they w not be abe to resst
our host.
Whe the Asura Maya was sayng ths to Suntha, another ambassador
came from the father of 'Sruta'sarman, and sad thus to hm; "The kng
of Trkta sends ths message to you; 'Ths s a great feast for heroes--the
feast, whch goes by the name of batte. Ths ground s narrow for t,
therefore et us eave t, and go to a pace named Kapagrma, where there
s a wde space.'" When Suntha and the other chefs wth ther soders
heard ths, they agreed, and a of them went wth Sryaprabha to
Kapagrma.
And 'Sruta'sarman and hs partzans aso, eager for batte, went to
that same pace, surrounded wth the hosts of the Vdydharas. When
Sryaprabha and hs chefs saw eephants n the army of 'Sruta'sarman,
they summoned ther contngent of eephants, whch was conveyed n the
charot that few through the ar. Then Dmodara, that exceent Vdydhara,
drew up hs army n the form of a arge neede; 'Sruta'sarman.
hmsef took up hs poston on the fank wth hs mnsters, and Dmodara
was n front, and other great warrors n other paces. And Prabhsa, the
eader of Sryaprabha's army, arranged t n the form of a crescent; he
hmsef was n the centre, and Kun|arakumra and Prahasta at the two
horns; and Sryaprabha, and Suntha and the other chefs, a remaned n
the rear. And Sumeru wth Suvsakumra stood near hm. Thereupon
the war-drums were beaten n both armes.
And n the meanwhe the heaven was fed wth the gods, come to see
the batte, together wth Indra, and the Lokapas, and the Apsarases. And
'Sva, the ord of a, came there wth Prvat, foowed by detes, and the
Ganas, and demons, and the mothers.|*| And hoy Brahm came accom-*
* The personfed energes of the prncpa detes, cosey connected wth the
-----Fe: 461.png---------------------------------------------------------
*paned by the Vedas ncarnate n body form, begnnng wth the Gyatr
and the 'Sstras and a the great Rshs. And the god Vshn.u came,
rdng on the kng of brds, bearng hs weapon the dscus, accompaned by
goddesses, of whom the goddesses of Fortune, Gory, and Vctory were the
chef. And Ka'syapa came wth hs wves, and the 'Adtyas and the Vasus,
and the chefs of the Yakshas, Rkshasas and snakes, and aso the Asuras
wth Prahda at ther head. The sky was obscured wth them, and
the batte of those two armes began, terrbe wth the cashng of weapons,
accompaned wth oud shouts. The whoe heaven was darkened by the
dense coud of arrows, through whch the fashes, made by the arrows strkng
aganst one another, payed ke ghtnng, and rvers of bood fowed,
swoen wth the gore of many eephants and horses wounded wth weapons,
n whch the bodes of heroes moved ke agators. That batte gave
great deght to heroes, |ackas, and gobns, that danced, waded, and shouted
n bood.
When the confused me, n whch countess soders fe, had abated,
Sryaprabha, and the other chefs, graduay began to perceve the dstncton
between ther own army and that of the enemy, and heard n order
from Sumeru the names and neage of the chefs fghtng n front of the
enemes' host. Then frst took pace a snge combat between kng Subhu
and a chef of the Vdydharas, named At.t.ahsa. Subhu fought a ong
tme, unt At.t.ahsa, after rddng hm wth arrows, cut off hs head wth a
crescent-headed shaft. When Musht.ka saw that Subhu was san, he
rushed forward n wrath; he too fe smtten by At.t.ahsa wth an arrow n
the heart. When Musht.ka was san, a kng named Praamba n wrath
rushed on, and attacked At.t.ahsa wth showers of arrows, but At.t.ahsa sew
hs retaners, and strkng the hero Praamba wth an arrow n a morta
pace, ad hm ow on the seat of hs charot. A kng named Mohana,
when he saw Praamba dead, engaged wth At.t.ahsa and smote hm wth
arrows. Then At.t.ahsa cut hs bow and sew hs charoteer, and ad hm
ow, san wth a terrfc bow. When the host of 'Sruta'sarman saw that
the dexterous At.t.ahsa had san those four warrors, expectng the vctory,
they shouted for |oy. When Harsha, the companon of Sryaprabha, saw
that, he was wroth, and wth hs foowers attacked At.t.ahsa and hs foowers;
and wth shafts he repeed hs shafts, and he sew hs foowers,
and ked hs charoteer, and two or three tmes cut hs bow and hs banner,
and at ast he ceft asunder hs head wth hs arrows, so that he fe
from hs charot on the earth, pourng forth a stream of bood. When
At.t.ahsa was san, there was such a panc n the batte, that n a moment
worshp of the god 'Sva. Professor |acob compares them wth the Greek
goddesses
caed |Greek: mgeres|, to whom there was a tempe n the Scan town of
Engyon. (Indan
Antquary, |anuary 1880.)
-----Fe: 462.png---------------------------------------------------------
ony haf the two armes remaned. Horses, eephants and footmen fe
down there san, and ony the trunks of saughtered men remaned standng
n the van of batte.
Then a chef of the Vdydharas, named Vk|r.|tadansh|t.|ra, angry at the
saughter of A|t.||t.|ahsa, showered arrows upon Harsha. But Harsha repeed
hs arrows, struck down hs charot-horses, and hs banner and hs charoteer,
and cut off hs head wth ts trembng earrngs. But when Vk|r.|tadansh|t.|ra
was ked, a Vdydhara kng, named Chakrava, n wrath attacked
Harsha; he sew Harsha st fghtng on, though fatgued wth combat,
after hs bow had been frequenty cut asunder, and hs other weapons
damaged. Angry at that, kng Pramtha attacked hm, and he too was
san by that Chakrava n fght. In the same way four other dstngushed
kngs, who attacked hm one by one, were san one after another by
that Chakrava, namey, Kanka|t.|a, and V|'s|a, and Pracha|n.||d.|a and
Ankurn.
When kng Nrghta saw that, he was wroth, and attacked Chakrava, and
those two, Chakrava and Nrghta, fought for a ong tme, and at ast
they broke one another's charots to peces, and so became nfantry soders,
and the two, rushng furousy together, armed wth sword and dscus, ceft
wth sword-strokes one another's heads, and fe dead on the earth. Then
the two armes were dsprted, seeng those two warrors dead, but
nevertheess
a kng of the Vdydharas, named Kakampana, stepped forward to
the front of the fght. And a prnce, named Prakampana, attacked hm,
but he was n a moment struck down by that Kakampana. When he was
struck down, fve other warrors attacked Kakampana, namey |ka, and:
Cha|n.||d.|adatta, and Gopaka, and Soma, and Pt|r.||'s|arman; a these et
fy
arrows at hm at the same tme. But Kakampana deprved a fve of
ther charots, and sew them at the same tme, percng the fve wth fve
arrows n the heart. That made the Vdydharas shout for |oy, and the
men and Asuras despond. Then four other warrors rushed upon hm at
the same tme, Unmattaka and Pra|'s|asta, Vambaka and Dhurandhara;
Kakampana sew them a easy, n the same way he ked sx other
warrors that ran towards hm, Te|ka, and Geyka, and Vega, and |'S|kha,
and Bhadrankara and Da|n.||d.|n, great warrors wth many foowers. And
agan
he sew fve others that met hm n fght, Bhma, Bhsha|n.|a, Kumbhra,
Vka|t.|a, and Vochana. And a kng, named Suga|n.|a, when he saw the havoc
that Kakampana had made n the batte, ran to meet hm. Kakampana
fought wth hm unt both had ther horses and charoteers ked, and
were compeed to abandon ther charots; then Kakampana, reduced to
fght on foot, ad Suga|n.|a, who was aso fghtng on foot, ow on the earth
wth a sword-cut. Then the sun, havng behed that surprsng strugge of
Vdydharas wth men, went greved to rest.|*| Not ony dd the fed of
* For vaham I read havam.
-----Fe: 463.png---------------------------------------------------------
batte become red, fed wth streamng bood, but the heaven aso became
red, when evenng set her foot-prnts there. Then the corpses and demons
began ther evenng dance, and both armes, stoppng the batte, went to
ther camps. In the army of 'Sruta'sarman were san that day three heroes,
but thrty-three dstngushed heroes were san n the army of Sryaprabha.
Then Sryaprabha, greved at the saughter of hs knsmen and
frends, spent that nght apart from hs wves. And eager for the fght, he
passed that nght n varous mtary dscussons wth hs mnsters, wthout
gong to seep. And hs wves, greved on account of the saughter of ther
reatons, met together n one pace that nght, havng come for the sake of
mutua condoence. But even on that meanchoy occason they nduged n
msceaneous conversaton; there s no occason on whch women are not
rreevant n ther tak. In the course of ths conversaton, one prncess sad--
"It s wonderfu! How comes t that to-nght our husband has gone to seep
wthout any of hs wves?" Hearng that, another sad--"Our husband s
to-day greved on account of the saughter of hs foowers n batte, so how
can he take any peasure n the socety of women?" Then another sad,
"If he were to obtan a new beauty, he woud that nstant forget hs
gref." Then another sad--"Do not say so; athough he s devoted to
the far sex, he woud not behave n ths way on such a sad occason"
Whe they were thus speakng, one sad wth wonder; "Te me why
our husband s so devoted to women, that, though he has carred off
many wves, he s perpetuay marryng new prncesses and s never satsfed."
One of the wves, a cever woman of the name of Manovat, sad
when she heard ths,--"Hear why kngs have many oves. The good
quates of ovey women are dfferent, varyng wth ther natve and, ther
beauty, ther age, ther gestures, and ther accompshments, no one woman
possesses a good quates. The women of Karnta, of Lta, of Saursht.ra
and Madhyade'sa, pease by the pecuar behavour of ther varous countres.
Some far ones captvate by ther faces ke an autumn moon, others by
ther breasts fu and frm ke goden ewers, and others by ther mbs,
charmng from ther beauty. One has mbs yeow as god, another s dark
ke a pryangu, another, beng red and whte, captvates the eyes as soon as
seen. One s of buddng beauty, another of fu-deveoped youth, another
s agreeabe on account of her maturty, and dstngushed by ncreasng
coquetry. One ooks ovey when smng, another s charmng even n
anger, another charms wth gat resembng that of an eephant, another
wth swan-ke moton. One, when she prattes, rrgates the ears wth
nectar; another s naturay beautfu, when she ooks at one wth gracefu
contracton of the eyebrows. One charms by dancng, another peases by
sngng, and another far one attracts by beng abe to pay on the yre and
-----Fe: 464.png---------------------------------------------------------
other nstruments. One s dstngushed for good temper, another s remarkabe
for artfuness; another en|oys good fortune from beng abe to
understand her husband's mnd. But, to sum up, others possess other
partcuar merts; so every ovey woman has some pecuar good pont,
but of a the women n the three words none possesses a possbe vrtues.
So kngs, havng made up ther mnds to experence a knds of fascnatons,
though they have captured many wves for themseves, are for ever sezng
new ones.|*| But the truy nobe never, under any crcumstances, desre the
wves of others. So ths s not our husband's faut, and we cannot be
|eaous." When the head-wves of Sryaprabha, begnnng wth Madanasen,
had been addressed n ths stye by Manovat, they made one after another
remarks to the same effect. Then, n ther merrment, they ad asde a
the tes of reserve, and began to te one another a knds of secrets. For
unfortunatey there s nothng whch women w not et out, when they
are met together n soca ntercourse, and ther mnds are nterested n the
course of the conversaton. At ast that ong conversaton of thers was
somehow or other brought to an end, and n course of tme the nght passed
away, durng whch Sryaprabha was ongng to conquer the host of hs
enemes, for he was aone, ntenty watng for the tme when the darkness
shoud depart.|*|
CHAPTER XLVIII.
The next mornng, Sryaprabha and hs party, and |'S|ruta|'s|arman and
hs supporters, agan went to the fed of batte armed, wth ther forces.
And agan the gods and Asuras, wth Indra, Brahm, Vsh|n.|u, and Rudra,
and wth the Yakshas, snakes, and Gandharvas, came to see the fght.
Dmodara drew up the troops of |'S|ruta|'s|arman n the form of a dscus, and
Prabhsa drew up the troops of Sryaprabha n the form of a thunderbot.
Then the batte of those two armes went on, deafenng the horzon wth
drums and the shouts of champons, and the sun hd hmsef n fghts
of arrows, as f out of fear that the warrors smtten wth weapons woud
certany perce hs dsk. Then Prabhsa, by command of Sryaprabha,
broke the dscus-arrangement of the enemy's host, hard for another to
* Labdhakakshy|h.| s probaby a msprnt for baddhakakshy|h.|.
* I read abhknksh for abhknksho whch s found n Brockhaus's text. Ths s
supported by a MS. n the Sansk|r.|t Coege.
-----Fe: 465.png---------------------------------------------------------
break, and entered aone. And Dmodara hmsef came and defended that
openng n the ne, and Prabhsa fought aganst hm unaded. And
Sryaprabha, seeng that he had entered aone, sent ffteen great warrors
to foow hm, Prakampana, and Dhmraketu, and Kakampana, and
Mahmya, and Marudvega, and Prahasta, and Va|rapan|ara, and Kachakra,
and Pramathana, and Snhanda, and Kambaa, and Vka|t.|ksha, and
Pravahana, and Kun|arakumraka, and Prah|r.|shtaroman the heroc Asura
prnce: a those great warrors rushed forward to the openng n the ne;
then Dmodara exhbted hs wonderfu herosm, n that aone he fought
wth those ffteen.
When Indra saw that, he sad to the hermt Nrada, who was at hs
sde, "Sryaprabha and the others of hs party are ncarnatons of Asuras,
but |'S|ruta|'s|arman s a porton of me, and a these Vdydharas are portons
of the gods, so observe, hermt, ths s a dsgused fght between the gods and
Asuras. And observe, n t Vsh|n.|u s, as ever, the ay of the gods, for
Dmodara, who s a porton of hm, s fghtng here.
Whe Indra was sayng ths, fourteen great warrors came to assst
the genera Dmodara,--Brahmagupta and Vyubaa, and Yamadansh|t.|ra,
and Surosha|n.|a, and Roshvaroha,and Atbaa, and Te|a|h.|prabha, and
Dhurandhara,
and Kuveradatta, and Varu|n.|a|'s|arman, and Kambaka, and the hero
Dush|t.|adamana, and Dohana and Aroha|n.|a. And those ffteen heroes, |oned
wth Dmodara, fghtng n front of the ne, kept off the foowers of
Sryaprabha.
Then snge combats took pace between them; Prakampana
carred on a msse fght wth Dmodara, and Dhmraketu fought wth
Brahmagupta, and Mahmya fought wth Atbaa, the Dnava Kakampana
fought wth Te|a|h.|prabha, and the great Asura Marudvega wth Vyubaa,
and Va|rapan|ara fought wth Yamadansh|t.|ra, and the heroc Asura Kachakra
wth Surosha|n.|a; Pramathana fought wth Kuveradatta, and the
kng of the Datyas, named Snhanda, wth Varu|n.|a|'s|arman. Pravahana
fought wth Dush|t.|adamana, and the Dnava Prah|r.|shtaroman fought wth
Roshvaroha; and Vka|t.|ksha fought wth Dhurandhara, Kambaka fought
wth Kambaka,|**he fought hmsef?| and Kun|arakumraka wth Aroha|n.|a,
and Prahasta wth
Dohana, who was aso caed Mahotpta.
When these pars of warrors were thus fghtng n the front of the
ne, Suntha sad to Maya, " Aas! observe, our heroc warrors, though
sked n the use of many weapons, have been prevented by these
antagonsts from enterng the enemes' ne; but Prabhsa entered before
reckessy aone, so we do not know what w become of hm there. When
Suvsakumra heard ths, he sad, " A the gods, Asuras, and men n the three
words are not a match for ths Prabhsa unaded, much ess then are these
Vdydharas. So why do you fear wthout reason, though you know ths
we enough?"
-----Fe: 466.png---------------------------------------------------------
Whe the hermt's son was sayng ths, the Vdyhara Kakampana
came to meet Prabhsa n fght. Then Prabhsa sad to hm, "Ha! Ha!
you have rendered me a great servce, so et me now see your vaour here."
Sayng ths, Prabhsa et fy at hm a successon of arrows, and Kakampana
n return showered sharp arrows upon hm. Then that Vdydhara
and that man fought together wth arrows and answerng arrows,
makng the words astonshed. Then Prabhsa wth a sharp arrow struck
down the banner of Kakampana, wth a second he ked hs charoteer,
wth four more hs four horses, and wth one more he cut hs bow n haf,
wth two more he cut off hs hands, wth two more hs arms, and wth two
more hs two ears, and wth one sharp-edged arrow he cut off the head of hs
foe, and thus dspayed wonderfu dexterty. Thus Prabhsa, as t were,
chastsed Kakampana, beng angry wth hm because he had san so
many heroes n hs own army. And the men and Asuras, when they saw
that Vdydhara chef san, rased a shout, and the Vdydharas mmedatey
procamed ther despondency.|*|
Then a kng of the Vdydharas, named Vdyutprabha, ord of the
h of Kan|ara, n wrath attacked Prabhsa. When he was fghtng
wth Prabhsa, Prabhsa frst cut asunder hs banner, and then kept cuttng
hs bows n two, as fast as he took them up. Then the Vdydhara,
beng ashamed, by hs deusve power few up nvsbe nto the sky, and
raned swords, cubs, and other weapons upon Prabhsa. Prabhsa, for hs
part, swept away hs successon of msses wth others, and by the umnatng
weapon made that Asura manfest, and then empoyng the weapon
of fre, he burned up Vdyutprabha wth ts baze, and brngng hm down
from the heaven, ad hm dead on the earth.
When |'S|ruta|'s|arman saw ths, he sad to hs warrors, "Observe, ths
man has san two chefs of hosts of great warrors. Now why do you put
up wth t? |on together and say hm." When they heard that, eght
warrors n anger surrounded Prabhsa. One was a kng of the Vdydharas
named rdhvaroman, a ord of hosts of warrors, dweng n the
great mountan named Vanka|t.|aka. And the second warror was a chef of
the Vdydharas named Vkro|'s|ana, the kng of the rock Dhara|n.|dhara.
And the thrd was the hero Indramn, a prnce of the Vdydharas, ord
of a host of dstngushed warrors, and hs home was the mountan L.
And the fourth was an exceent Vdydhara named kng Kka|n.||d.|aka, a
chef of a host of warrors, and hs dweng was n the mountan Maaya.
And the ffth was Darpavha by name, ord of the h Nketa, and the
sxth was Dhrtavyayana the ord of the mountan An|ana, and both these
Vdydharas were chefs of exceent warrors. And the seventh one,
whose charot was drawn by asses, was named Varhasvmn, kng of the
* The MS. n the Sansk|r.|t Coege reads |agme.
-----Fe: 467.png---------------------------------------------------------
mount Kumuda, and he was chef of a host of great warrors. And the
eghth warror was ke hm, Medhvara kng of Dundhubh. Prabhsa
repeed the numerous arrows, whch these eght came and dscharged, and
he perced them a at the same tme wth arrows. And he sew the horse
of one, and of one the charoteer, and he cut n haf the banner of one, and
he ceft the bow of another. But Medhvara he struck at the same tme
wth four arrows n the heart, and at once ad hm dead on the earth. And
then he fought wth the others, and cut off wth an an|aka|*| the head of
|'U|rdhvaroman wth ts cured and pated har, and of the other sx he ked
the horses and charoteers, and at ast ad themseves ow, cuttng off
ther heads wth crescent-headed arrows. And then a ran of fowers fe
on hs head from heaven, encouragng the kngs of the Asuras, and
dscouragng
the Vdydharas. Then four more great warrors, armed wth
bows, sent by |'S|ruta|'s|arman, surrounded Prabhsa; one was named
Kcharaka,
the ord of the mountan Kura|n.||d.|a; the second D|n.||d.|mn, whose
home was the h of Panchaka, and the thrd was Vbhvasu, kng of the
mountan |ayapura, the fourth was named Dhavaa, the ruer of
Bhmtu|n.||d.|ka.
Those exceent Vdydharas, chefs of hosts of great warrors,
et fy fve hundred arrows at the same tme at Prabhsa. But Prabhsa
easy dsposed of a, one by one, each wth eght arrows; wth one arrow
he cut down the banner, wth one ceft the bow, wth one he ked the
charoteer, wth four the horses, and wth one more he cut off the head of
the warror, and then shouted trumphanty.
Then another four Vdydharas, by the order of |'S|ruta|'s|arman, assembed
n fght aganst Prabhsa. The frst was named Bhadrankara, dark as the
bue water-y, sprung from Mercury n the house|*| of V|'s|vvasu, but the
second was Nyantraka ke the fre n brghtness, sprung from Mars n
the house of |ambaka, and the thrd was caed Kakopa, very back n
hue, wth tawny har, sprung from Saturn n the house of Dmodara.
And the fourth was Vkrama|'s|akt, ke god n brghtness, sprung from the
panet |upter n the house of the Moon. The three frst were ords of
hosts of ords of hosts of transcendent warrors, but the fourth was a great
hero surpassng the rest n vaour. And those haughty chefs attacked
Prabhsa wth heaveny weapons. Prabhsa repeed ther weapons wth
the weapon of Nrya|n.|a, and easy cut asunder the bow of each eght tmes;
then he repeed the arrows and cubs whch they hured, and sayng ther
horses and charoteers, deprved them a of ther charots. When
|'S|ruta|'s|arman
saw that, he qucky sent other ten ords of the Vdydharas,
* Possby an arrow wth a head resembng two hands |oned.
* There s probaby a pun here. Kshetra, besdes ts astroogca sense, means
a wfe on whom ssue s begotten by some knsman or duy apponted person,
as n
the |ewsh aw.
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chefs of ord of hosts of ords of hosts|**P1: "of ords of hosts" repeated?| of
warros, two caed Dama
and Nyama, who exacty resembed one another n appearance, two sons
born to the A|'s|vns n the house of the ord of Ketum, and Vkrama
and Sankrama, and Parkrama and Akrama, and Sammardana and Mardana,
and Pramardana and Vmardana, the eght smar sons of the Vasus born n
the house of Makaranda. And when they came, the prevous assaants
mounted other charots. Wonderfu to say, though a those fourteen |oned
together, and showered arrows on Prabhsa, he aone fought wth them
fearessy. Then, by the order of Sryaprabha, Kun|arakumra and Prahasta
eft the me and fyng up from the front of the ne, weapons n
hand, whte and back n hue, came to the ad of Prabhsa, ke Rma and
|K.|rsh|n.|a over agan. They, though fghtng on foot, harassed Dama and
Nyama, by cuttng asunder ther bows and kng ther charoteers. When
they, n ther fear, soared up to heaven, Kun|arakumra and Prahasta
soared up aso, weapons n hand. When Sryaprabha saw that, he qucky
sent them hs mnsters Mahbuddh and Achaabuddh to act as charoteers.
Then Prahasta and Kun|arakumra dscovered, by empoyng magc coyrum,
those two sons of the Vdydharas, Dama and Nyama, though they
had made themseves nvsbe by magc power, and rdded them so wth
showers of arrows that they fed. And Prabhsa, fghtng wth the other
tweve, ceft a ther bows asunder, though they kept contnuay takng
fresh ones. And Prahasta came and ked at the same tme the charoteers
of a, and Kun|arakumra sew ther horses. Then those tweve together,
beng deprved of ther charots, and fndng themseves smtten by three
heroes, fed out of the batte.
Then |'S|ruta|'s|arman, besde hmsef wth gref, anger and shame, sent
two more Vdydharas, captans of hosts of warrors and dstngushed warrors;
one was caed Chandragupta born n the house of the ord of the
great mountan Chandrakua, beautfu as a second moon, and the second
was hs own mnster named Narangama, of great spendour, born n the
house of the ord of the mountan Dhurandhara. They aso, after dschargng
a shower of arrows, were n a moment deprved of ther charots
by Prabhsa and hs comrades, and dsappeared.
Then the men and Asuras shouted for |oy; but thereupon |'S|ruta|'s|arman
came hmsef, wth four great warrors of mghty force, named
Mahaugha, Aroha|n.|a, Utpta and Vetravat, the sons respectvey of
Tvash|t.|r,|*| Bhaga, Aryaman and Pshan, born n the houses of the four
* Tvasht|r.||**Tvash|t.|r???| s the Vucan of the Hndus. Bhaga s an Adtya
regarded n the
Vedas as bestowng weath, and presdng over marrage, hs Nakshatra s the
Uttara
Phgun. Aryaman s aso an Adtya; Pshan, orgnay the sun, s n ater tmes
an Adtya. The "canopy of arrows" remnds us of the sayng of Deneces,
Herodotus,
VII. 227, and of Mton, P. L., VI. 666.
-----Fe: 469.png---------------------------------------------------------
Vdydhara kngs, Chtrapada and others, that rued over mount Maaya.
And 'Sruta'sarman hmsef, bnded wth furous anger, was the ffth, and they
a fought aganst Prabhsa and hs two companons. Then the host of
arrows, whch they shot at one another, seemed ke a canopy spread n the
sky by the Fortune of war n the fu baze of the sun. Then those other
Vdydharas, who had been deprved of ther charots, and had fed from the
batte, came back nto the fght.
Then Sryaprabha, seeng many of them assembed n fght, under the
eadershp of 'Sruta'sarman, sent other great warrors of hs own to support
Prabhsa and hs comrades, hs own frends wth Pra|nd.hya at ther head,
and the prnces of whom 'Satnka and Vrasena were the chef. They
few through the ar, and Sryaprabha sent the other warrors aso through
the ar n the charot Bhutsana. When a those archers had gone charot-
borne,
the other Vdydhara kngs, who were on the sde of 'Sruta'sarman,
aso came up. Then a fght took pace between those Vdydhara prnces
on the one sde, and Prabhsa and hs comrades on the other, n whch
there was a great saughter of soders. And n the snge combats
between the two hosts, many warrors were san on both sdes, men,
Asuras, and Vdydharas. Vrasena sew Dhmraochana and hs foowers;
but havng been deprved of hs charot, he was n hs turn ked by
Har'sarman.
Then the Vdydhara hero Hran.yksha was ked by Abhmanyu,
but Abhmanyu and Harbhat.a were san by Sunetra. And Sunetra
was ked by Prabhsa, who cut off hs head. And |vmn and
Mahyu ked one another. But Kumbhraka and Nrasaka fought wth
ther teeth, after ther arms were cut off, and so dd Kharva and the
mghty Su'sarman. And the three, 'Satrubhata, Vyghra-bhat.a, and
Snbabhat.a
were san by Pravahana, the Vdydhara kng. Pravahana was ked
by the two warrors Suroha and Yroha, and those two were san by
Snhabaa, the dweer n the cemetery. That very Snhabaa, whose
charot was drawn by ghosts, and Kapaka, and Chtrpda the Vdydhara
kng, and |aga||vara, and the hero Kntpat, and the mghty Suvarn.a,
and the two Vdydhara kngs Kmaghana and Krodhapat, and kng
Baadeva and Vchtrpd.a, these ten were san by the prnce 'Satnka.
When these heroes had been san, 'Sruta'sarman, behodng the saughter
of the Vdydharas, hmsef attacked 'Satnka n hs anger. Then a
terrbe fght took pace between those two, astng to the cose of the day,
and causng a great saughter of soders, exctng the wonder even of the
gods, and t contnued unt hundreds of corpses, rsng up a round, ad
hod of the demons as ther partners, when the tme arrved for the |oyous
evenng dance. At the cose of day the Vdydharas, depressed at the
great saughter of ther army, and greved at the death of ther frends,
-----Fe: 470.png---------------------------------------------------------
and the men and Asuras havng won the vctory by sheer force stopped
the combat, and went each of them to ther own camps.
At that tme two Vdydharas, chefs of captans of bands of warrors,
who had deserted the cause of |'S|ruta|'s|arman, came, ntroduced by Sumeru,
and sad to Sryaprabha, after bowng before hm: "We are named Mahyna
and Sumya, and ths Snhabaa was the thrd of us; we had obtaned
magc power by havng the rue of a great cemetery, and were unassaabe
by the other Vdydharas. Whe we, such as you have heard, were once
takng our ease n a corner of the great cemetery, there came to us a good
wtch named |'S|arabhnan, of great and godke power, who s aways we
dsposed towards us. We bowed before her and asked her, 'Where have
you been, honoured ady, and what have you seen there strange?' She
thereupon reated ths adventure."
Adventure of the wtch |'S|arabhnan.
'I went wth the wtches to vst
my master, the god Mahka,* and
whe I was there, a kng of the Vetas came and reported: "See, O master,
the chefs of the Vdydharas have ked our commander-n-chef named
Agnka, and one named Te|a|h.|prabha s swfty carryng off hs ovey
daughter. But the hoy sages have foretod that she sha be the wfe of
the emperor of the Vdydharas, so grant us a boon, and have her reeased
before he forcby carres her off to a dstance." When the god heard ths
speech of the affcted Veta, he sad to me--"Go and set her free," then
I went through the ar and came up wth the maden. Te|a|h.|prabha sad,
"I am carryng off the gr for our rghtfu emperor |'S|ruta|'s|arman,"
but I parayzed hm by my magc power, and brngng back the maden,
gave her to my master. And he made her over to her own famy. I n
truth went through ths strange adventure. Then I remaned there some
days, and after takng a reverent farewe of the god I came here.'
"When that wtch |'S|arabhnan had sad ths, we sad to her--'Te us,
who s to be the future emperor of the Vdydharas? You n truth know a.'
She sad--'Sryaprabha w certany be.' Whereupon Snhabaa sad to
us--'Ths s untrue, for have not the gods and Indra grded up ther ons
to support the cause of |'S|ruta|'s|arman?' When the nobe woman heard
that, she sad to us--'If you do not beeve ths, sten; I te you that
soon there w be war between Sryaprabha and |'S|ruta|'s|arman, and when
ths Snhabaa sha be san before your eyes by a man n batte, you w
recognse ths token, and w know that ths speech of mne s true.'
When that wtch had sad ths, she departed, and those days passed away, and
now we have seen wth our own eyes, that n truth ths Snhabaa has been
san. Reyng upon that, we thnk that you are ndeed apponted emperor
of a the Vdydharas, and submttng ourseves to your rue, we have
*An epthet of |'S|va n hs character of the destroyng dety.
-----Fe: 471.png---------------------------------------------------------
repared to your two otus-e feet." When the Vdydharas Mahyna
and Sumyaka sad ths, Sryaprabha, n concert wth Maya and the rest,
receved them nto confdence and honoured them, and they re|oced.
When |'S|ruta|'s|arman heard that, he was n great consternaton, but Indra
comforted hm by a message, sendng to hm V|'s|vvasu, and commssonng
hm to say--"Be of good cheer! To-morrow I w ad thee wth a the
gods n the van of batte." Ths he sad to hm out of ove, to comfort
hm. And Sryaprabha, havng been encouraged by behodng the breakng
of hs enemes' ne, and havng seen n the front of batte the saughter
of hs rva's partsans, agan forwent the socety of hs charmers, and
entered hs dweng at nght surrounded by hs mnsters.
CHAPTER XLIX.
Then Sryaprabha, yng on hs couch at nght, eager for batte, apart
from hs wves, sad to hs mnster Vtabht--"I cannot seep, so te me,
my frend, some strange story of courage and endurance, to amuse me
durng the nght." When Vtabht heard ths request of Sryaprabha's,
he answered--"I w obey your order," and he tod ths story.
Story of kng Mahsena and hs vrtuous
mnster Gu|n.|a|'s|arman.
There s a cty U||ayn, the
ornament of ths earth, fu of
numberess |ewes of peucd water. In that cty there ved a kng named
Mahsena, beoved by the vrtuous, an unequaed treasury of
accompshments,
havng the beauty both of the sun and moon. He had a wfe
named A|'s|okavat, whom he oved as hs fe, there was not another woman
n the three words equa to her n beauty. The kng rued hs ream
wth her for consort, and he had besdes a frend, a Brhman named
Gu|n.|a|'s|arman, whom he respected and oved. And that Brhman was brave
and very handsome, and, though young, had thoroughy mastered the ore
of the Vedas, and knew the accompshments, the Sstras, and the use of
weapons, and was aways n attendance on the kng.
And one day, as he was wthn the paace, a conversaton arose about
dancng, and the kng and queen sad to Gu|n.|a|'s|arman, who was n
attendance,--"You
know everythng, there s no doubt about that; so we have
a curosty to see you dancng; f you know how to dance, kndy exhbt
your sk." When Gu|n.|a|'s|arman heard ths, he sad wth a sme on hs
face; "I know how to dance, but dancng s a thng not becomng n the
kng's court; foosh dancng s generay rdcuous and s censured n the
-----Fe: 472.png---------------------------------------------------------
|'S|stras. And far from me be shame here n the presence of the kng and
queen." When Gu|n.|a|'s|arman sad that, the kng answered hm, beng urged
on to t by the queen out of curosty--"Ths w not be ke a dance on
the stage, or n such paces, whch woud make a man fee ashamed, but
merey
a prvate dspay of sk n the socety of frends. And at present I am not
your kng, I am your frend wthout ceremony, so rest assured that I w
not eat to-day, unt I have seen your sk n dancng." When the kng
pressed hm n ths stye, the Brhman consented to do t. For how can
servants refuse the request of an mportunate ord? Then that Gu|n.|a|'s|arman
danced so skfuy wth hs body, that the hearts of both the kng
and queen danced for |oy. And, at the end of t, the kng gave hm a yre
to pay upon, and the moment he tested ts tones, he sad to the kng,
"Ths yre s not n good order, so gve me another one, there s a puppy
nsde ths, your Ma|esty,--I knew that by the ndcatons of the twangng
of the strngs." Sayng ths, Gu|n.|a|'s|arman et go the yre from under
hs arm. Then the kng sprnked t, and unscrewed and examned t, and
a puppy came out of t. Then kng Mahsena prased Gu|n.|a|'s|arman's
omnscence,
and was much astonshed, and had another yre brought. He payed
on that yre whch, ke the Ganges that fows n three words,|*| was charmng
from ts swft stream of musc,|*| and purged the ear by ts sound. Then
n presence of the kng, who wth hs wfe ooked on astonshed, he exhbted
n turn hs sk n the nober studes. Then the kng sad to hm, "If
you are sked n fghtng, then shew me a specmen of the art of
bndng the enemy's mbs wth your own hands unarmed." The Brhman
answered hm--"Kng, take your weapons and strke at me, that
I may shew you a specmen of my sk." Then, as fast as the kng took
a sword or other weapon and struck at hm, Gu|n.|a|'s|arman, by that artfce of
fetterng the mbs mmedatey dsarmed hm wth ease, and frequenty
fettered hs hand and body, wthout recevng a wound. Then the kng,
seeng that he was capabe of adng hm n hs potca affars, prased that
exceent Brhman of transcendent abty, and honoured hm hghy.
But queen A|'s|okavat, havng behed agan and agan the beauty and
abtes of that Brhman, suddeny fe n ove wth hm. She thought to
hersef, "If I cannot obtan hm, of what use s my fe to me." Then
she artfuy sad to the kng--"Do me a kndness, my husband, and order
ths Gu|n.|a|'s|arman to teach me to pay on the yre. For when I behed to-day
hs sk n payng on the yre, I took a desperate fancy to the nstrument."
When the kng heard ths, he sad to Gu|n.|a|'s|arman--"By a means teach
* There are three dfferent styes of musc caed tra, udra, and mudra. So
the word mrga contans a pun.
* Ogha means current and aso quet tme n musc.
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the queen to pay on the yre." Then Gun.a'sarman sad, "I w do so, my
soveregn, we w begn the practsng on an auspcous day." Then he
took eave of the kng and went home. But he put off for many days
begnnng to teach the queen the yre, seeng the changed expresson of the
queen, and afrad of some mschef.
One day he was standng near the kng when he was eatng, and when
the cook was gvng hm some condment, he prevented hm, sayng, " Stop!
stop!" The kng asked what ths meant, then the dscreet man sad,
"Ths sauce s posoned, and I detected t by certan ndcatons. For when
the cook was gvng you the sauce, he ooked at my face, trembng wth
fear, and wth an eye that roed apprehensvey. And we can at once
fnd out whether I am rght; et ths sauce be gven to some one
to eat, and I w counteract the effect of the poson." When he sad ths,
the kng made the cook eat the sauce, and mmedatey after he had eaten
t, he became senseess. Then Gun.a'sarman counteracted the effect of the
poson on the cook by a spe, and when the kng asked the cook the truth
of the whoe matter, he sad ths--"Kng, your enemy kng Vkrama'sakt,
soveregn of Gaud.a, sent me here to gve you poson. I ntroduced mysef
to your ma|esty as a foregner skfu n the cunary art, and entered your
ktchen. So to-day I have been dscovered by that shrewd man n the act
of gvng you poson n sauce; your ma|esty knows what to do now."
When the cook sad ths, the kng punshed hm, and beng much peased,
gave Gun.a'sarman a thousand vages for savng hs fe.
And the next day, as the queen kept vgorousy pressng hm, the kng
made Gun.a'sarman begn to teach her the yre. Then, whe he was teachng
her the yre, the queen A'sokavat nduged n perpetua coquetry,
aughter, and mrth. One day, wounded wth the arrow of ove, she
scratched hm wth her nas frequenty n secret, and sad to the chaste
Gun.a'sarman, who entreated her to desst, "It was yoursef that I asked for,
handsome man, under the pretext of earnng to pay the ute, for I am
desperatey n ove wth you, so consent to my wshes." When she sad
ths, Gun.a'sarman answered her, "Do not tak so, for you are my master's
wfe, and such a one as I am shoud not commt such treason, desst from
ths reckess conduct." When Gun.a'sarman sad ths, the queen contnued,
"Why do you possess n van ths beauty and sk n accompshments?
How can you ook wth a passoness eye on me who ove you so
much?" When Gun.a'sarman heard ths, he answered sarcastcay, "You
are rght. What s the use of that beauty and sk, whch s not tarnshed
wth nfamy by seducng the wfe of another, and whch does not n ths
word and the next cause one to fa nto the ocean of he?" When he
sad ths, the queen sad to hm, pretendng to be angry, "I am determned
to de, f you do not do what I say, so beng despsed by you, I w say
-----Fe: 474.png---------------------------------------------------------
you before I de." Then Gu|n.|a|'s|arman sad, "By a means, et t be so.
For t s better to ve for one moment, bound by the bonds of rghteousness,
than to ve unrghteousy for hundreds of crores of kapas. And t s far
preferabe for me to de wthout reproach, havng done no wrong, than for
me to have done wrong, and to be put to death by the kng, wth reproach
attachng to my name." When the queen heard that, she went on to say to
hm--"Do not commt treason aganst yoursef, and me; sten, I w te you
somethng. The kng does not negect to do what I te hm, even f t s
mpossbe; so I w ask hm and get terrtores gven to you, and I w
have a your servants made barons, so you w become a kng, for you are
dstngushed for good quates. So what have you to fear? Who can
overpower you and how? So grant my wshes fearessy, otherwse you w
not ve." When the kng's wfe sad ths, seeng that she was determned,
Gu|n.|a|'s|arman sad to her artfuy, n order to put her off for a moment,--If
you are persstenty set on ths, then I w obey your command, but t
w not be advsabe to do so mmedatey, for fear t shoud get abroad;
wat for some days; beeve that what I say s true; what ob|ect have I
n ncurrng your enmty whch woud ensure my destructon?" Thus
Gu|n.|a|'s|arman comforted her wth that hope, and agreed to her request, and
then departed wth heart ghtened.
Then, n the course of some days, kng Mahsena went and surrounded
kng Somaka n hs treasure-cty. And when the kng of Gau|d.|a, Vkrama|'s|akt
knew that he had arrved there, he went and surrounded kng
Mahsena; then kng Mahsena sad to Gu|n.|a|'s|arman--"Whe we are
occuped n besegng one enemy we are beseged by another, so now how
are we to fght wth two enemes, as we are unequa n force? And how
ong, beng brave men, can we reman wthout fghtng a batte? So what
are we to do n ths dffcuty?" When Gu|n.|a|'s|arman, who was at the sde
of the kng, was asked ths queston, he answered--"Be of good courage,
my soveregn; I w devse a stratagem that w enabe us to get out of
ths stuaton, dffcut as t s. He comforted the kng wth these words,
and put on hs eyes an ontment that rendered hm nvsbe, and at nght
went, wthout any one seeng hm, to the camp of Vkrama|'s|akt. And he
entered nto hs presence, and woke hm up whe aseep, and sad, "Know,
O kng, that I am come a messenger from the gods. Make peace wth
kng Mahsena and depart qucky, otherwse you w certany be destroyed
here wth your army. And f you send an ambassador, he w agree to
your proposas of peace; I have been sent by the hoy Vsh|n.|u to te you
ths. For you are a votary of hs, and he watches over the safety of hs
votares." When kng Vkrama|'s|akt heard ths, he thought, "Certany
ths s true, f he were any other, how coud he enter ths carefuy guarded
tent? Ths s not what a mere morta coud accompsh." When the kng had
-----Fe: 475.png---------------------------------------------------------
gone through these refectons, he sad--"I am fortunate n recevng such a
command from the god, I w do what he bds me." When the kng sad
that, Gu|n.|a|'s|arman dsappeared by the hep of hs magc coyrum, thus
confrmng the kng's confdence n hm, and went away. And he came
and tod kng Mahsena what he had done; he threw hs arms round hs
neck, and haed hm as the preserver of hs fe and throne. And the next
mornng Vkrama|'s|akt sent an ambassador to Mahsena, and after makng
peace wth hm, returned home wth hs army. But Mahsena conquered
Somaka, and havng obtaned eephants and horses, returned to U||ayn
a vctor, thanks to Gu|n.|a|'s|arman. And whe he was there, Gu|n.|a|'s|arman
saved
hm from a crocode whe bathng n the rver, and from the poson of a
snake-bte whe n hs garden.
Then, after some days had passed, kng Mahsena, havng got together
an army, went to attack hs enemy Vkrama|'s|akt. And that kng, as soon
as he heard of hs approach, marched out to meet hm n fght, and a great
batte took pace between the two. And n the course of t, the two kngs
met n snge combat, and dsabed one another's charots. Then, n ther
fury, they rushed forward sword n hand, and kng Mahsena through
careessness
stumbed and fe on the earth. Then the kng Vkrama|'s|akt tred
to strke hm on the ground, but Gu|n.|a|'s|arman cut off hs arm wth a
dscus, sword and a, and strkng hm agan n the heart wth an ron mace
ad hm ow. And kng Mahsena rose up, and was peased when he saw
hs enemy dead, and sad repeatedy to Gu|n.|a|'s|arman--"What am I to say?
Ths s the ffth tme that you have saved my fe, heroc Brhman."
Then Mahsena conquered the army and kngdom of Vkrama|'s|akt, who
had been san by Gu|n.|a|'s|arman, and after overcomng other kngs by the
ad of Gu|n.|a|'s|arman, he returned to U||ayn and dwet there n happness.
But queen A|'s|okavat dd not cease from mportunatey soctng
Gu|n.|a|'s|arman day and nght. But he woud never consent to that crme;
good men prefer death to mmodest conduct. Then A|'s|okavat, fndng
out that he was resoved, one day out of enmty to hm affected to be
unhappy, and remaned wth tearfu countenance. Then Mahsena, comng
n, and seeng her n that condton, sad--"What s ths, my beoved?
Who has offended you? Te me the name of the man whose fe and
property I am to take by way of punshment?" Then the unforgvng
queen sad wth affected reuctance to the kng, who had thus addressed
her, "You have no power to punsh the man who has n|ured me; he s not a
man you can chastse, so what s the good of reveang the n|ury to no
purpose?" When she sad ths, the kng pressed her, and she sad
decetfuy--"My
husband, f you are very anxous to know, sten, I w te
you. Gu|n.|a|'s|arman, who pretends to be a oya servant,|*| made an
agreement
* Chhahata|h.| s a mstake for chhad|r.|tah. See Bhtugk and Roth, (s. v.
han
wth ). The MS. n the Sansk|r.|t Coege has chhadata|h.|.
-----Fe: 476.png---------------------------------------------------------
wth the Kng of Gaud.a, and n order to get money from hm, undertook
to do you an n|ury. The wcked Brhman secrety sent hs confdenta
messenger to Gaud.a, to make the kng hand over treasure and so on.
Then a confdenta servant, seeng the kng despondent, sad to hm--
'I w manage ths affar for you, do not waste your weath.' When the
kng of Gaud.a heard ths, he had that messenger of Gun.a'sarman's east
nto prson,|*|------------
and the cook who was to admnster the poson came here, carefuy keepng
the secret. In the meanwhe Gun.a'sarman's messenger escaped from
prson, and came here to hm. And he, knowng the whoe story, reveaed
t a, and ponted out to Gun.a'sarman|*| that cook, who had entered nto
our ktchen. Then that scoundrey Brhman detected the cook n the
act of admnsterng the poson, and denounced hm to you, and so had
hm put to death. Then the mother and the wfe and the younger brother
of that cook came here to fnd out what had become of hm, and the
sagacous Gun.a'sarman, fndng t out, put to death hs wfe and mother,
but hs brother escaped somehow or other and entered my paace. Whe
he was mporng my protecton and teng me the whoe story, Gun.a'sarman
entered my apartment. When the brother of that cook saw
Gun.a'sarman and heard hs name, he went out and fed from my presence,
whther I know not. Gun.a'sarman, for hs part, when he saw hm who had
been prevousy ponted out to hm by hs servants, was abashed and seemed
to be thnkng over somethng. And I, wantng to know what t was,
sad to hm n prvate, 'Gun.a'sarman, why do you seem to be atered
to-day?' And he, beng anxous to wn me over to hs sde, as he was
afrad of the matter beng reveaed, sad to me--'Oueen, I am consumed
wth passon for you, so consent to my wshes, otherwse I cannot ve;
bestow on me fe as a Brhman's fee.' When he had sad ths, as the
room was empty, he fe at my feet. Then I drew away my foot and rose
up n bewderment, and he, rsng up, embraced me, a weak woman, by
force. And my mad Paavk came n at that very moment. The
nstant he saw her, he fed out aarmed. If Paavk had not come n,
the van woud certany have outraged me.|*| Ths s the n|ury he has
done me to-day." When the queen had tod ths fase tae, she stopped and
wept. For n the begnnng wcked women sprang from Lyng Speech.
And the moment the kng heard t, he was a on fre wth anger, for
* Here Brockhaus makes a hatus.
* I read Gun.a'sarmanah or Gun.a'sarmane.
* The od story of Hppoyte, the wfe of Acastus, (the "Magnessa Hppoyte" of
Horace,) and Peeus, of Antea and Beerophon, of Phdra and Hppoytus, of
Fausta
and Crspus. See aso the begnnng of the Seven Wse Masters, Smrock's
Deutsche
Voksbcher, Vo. XII, pp. 128, 129.
-----Fe: 477.png---------------------------------------------------------
reance upon the words of women destroys the dscrmnaton even of the
great. And he sad to hs dear wfe, "Be comforted, far one, I w
certany punsh that trator wth death. But he must be san by artfce,
otherwse we mght be dsgraced, for t s we known that fve tmes he
has saved my fe. And we must not procam abroad hs crme of offerng
voence to you." When the kng sad ths to the queen, she answered--"If
that crme may not be pubshed, may that other one of hs be
pubshed, that out of frendshp for the kng of Gaud.a he attempted
treason aganst hs master?" When she sad ths, he answered--"You
are qute rght"--and so kng Mahsena went to hs ha of audence.
Then a the kngs, and prnces, and barons came to vst the kng.
And n the meanwhe Gun.a'sarman eft hs house to go to court, and on
the way he saw many unfavourabe omens. There was a crow on hs eft
hand, a dog ran from the eft to the rght, a snake appeared on hs rght,
and hs eft arm and shouder throbbed.|*| He thought to hmsef, "These
ev omens ndcate caamty to me wthout doubt, so whatever happens to
me, I hope no msfortune may befa the kng my master." Wth these
thoughts he entered the ha of audence, and prayed oyay that nothng
untoward mght befa the paace. But when he bowed and took hs seat,
the kng dd not saute hm as before, but ooked askance at hm wth an
eye gowng wth anger. And when Gun.a'sarman was aarmed as to
what t mght mean, the kng rose up from the seat of |ustce, and sat at
hs sde, and sad to the astonshed courters, "Hear what Gun.a'sarman
has done to me;|*| then Gun.a'sarman sad--"I am a servant, you are my
master, so how can our sut be equa, ascend your seat of |udgment,
and afterwards gve what order you ke." When the resoute man
sad ths, the kng, by the advce of the other mnsters, ascended the
seat of |udgment, and sad agan to hs courters--"You know, that
I made ths Gun.a'sarman equa to mysef, preferrng hm to my heredtary
mnsters. Now hear what treason he attempted to commt
aganst me, after makng an agreement wth the kng of Gaud.a by
sendng messengers to and fro." After sayng ths, the kng reated
to them a the fcttous account of the matter whch A'sokavat had gven
* Cp. the Engsh supersttons wth regard to the raven, crow and magpe
(Henderson's Fok-ore of the Northern Countes, pp. 95 and 96, Hunt's
Romances and
Dros of the West of Engand, p. 429, Thseton Dyer, Engsh Fok-ore, pp. 80
and
81). See aso Horace, Odes, III, 27. In Europe the throbbng or tngng of the eft
ear ndcates caamty, (Lebrecht, zur Vokskunde, p. 327, Hunt's Romances
and Dros
of the West of Engand, p. 430, Thseton Dyer, Engsh Fok-ore, p, 279).
* The Sanskrt Coege MS. reads nyyam for prptam "hear my sut aganst
Gun.a'sarman." Ths makes a far better sense.
-----Fe: 478.png---------------------------------------------------------
hm. And the kng aso tod to hs confdenta mnsters, after dsmssng
the crowd, the yng tae of an attempt to outrage her, whch she
had tod aganst Gun.a'sarman. Then Gun.a'sarman sad--"Kng, who tod
you such a fasehood, who panted ths aera pcture?" When the kng
heard that, he sad, "Van, f t s not true, how dd you know that the
poson was n the dsh of rce?" When Gun.a'sarman sad--"Everythng
s known by wsdom," the other mnsters, out of hatred to hm, sad,
"That s mpossbe." Then Gun.a'sarman sad, "Kng, you have no rght
to speak thus wthout enqurng nto the truth of the matter, and a kng
devod of dscrmnaton s not approved of by those who understand
pocy." When he repeated ths over and over agan, the kng excamed
that he was an nsoent wretch, and amed a sword-cut at hm. But he
avoded that bow by empoyng hs trck of fence, and then the other
foowers of the kng struck at hm. And he euded ther swords by hs
artfces of fence, and baffed the exertons of them a. And he fettered
them, bndng them wth one another's har, shewng wonderfu sk n the
empoyment of hs trck of dsarmng. And he made hs way out by force
from that ha of assemby of the kng, and he ked about a hundred warrors,
who pursued hm. Then he put on hs eyes that ontment servng to
render hm nvsbe, whch he had n the corner of hs garment, and
mmedatey
eft that country wthout beng seen. And he made towards the
Dekhan, and as he was gong aong, he thus refected on the way: "Surey
that foosh kng was set on by that A'sokavat. Aas! women whose ove
s sghted are worse than poson! Aas! kngs who do not nvestgate the
truth are not to be served by the good!" Whe engaged n such refectons,
Gun.a'sarman came at ast to a vage, there he saw a worthy Brhman
under a banyan-tree teachng hs pups. He went up to hm and haed
hm. And the Brhman, after wecomng hm, mmedatey asked hm,
"O Brhman, what recenson of the Vedas do you recte, te me." Then
Gun.a'sarman answered that Brhman,--"Brhman, I recte tweve recensons,
two of the Smaveda, two of the Rgveda, seven of the Ya|urveda,
and one of the Atharvaveda." Then the Brhman sad--"You must be a
god," and he went on to say to Gun.a'sarman, whose shape reveaed hs
exceence;
"Te me, what country and what famy dd you adorn by beng
born n them? What s your name and how dd you earn so much?" When
Gun.a'sarman heard ths, he sad to hm:
Stony of 'Adtya'sarman the father of
Gun.a'sarman.
In the cty of U||ayn there
was a Brhman's son named 'Adtya'sarman,
and when he was a chd, hs father ded, and hs mother entered
the fre wth her husband. Then 'Adtya'sarman grew up n that cty, n hs
unce's house, readng the Vedas, and the books of knowedge, and aso the
treatses on accompshments. And after he had acqured knowedge, and
-----Fe: 479.png---------------------------------------------------------
was engaged n a vow of mutterng prayers, he struck up a frendshp wth
a certan wanderng hermt. That wanderng hermt went wth hs frend
'Adtya'sarman, and performed a sacrfce n a cemetery to get a Yakshn.
nto hs power. Then a heaveny maden, beautfuy adorned, appeared to
hm n a charot of god, surrounded wth beautfu madens. She sad to
hm n a sweet voce, "Mendcant, I am a Yaksh named Vdyunm, and
these others are Yakshn.s. Take a sutabe wfe from my foowng
accordng to your peasure. So much have you obtaned by your empoyment
of spes; you have not dscovered the perfect spe for obtanng
me; so, as I am obtaned by that ony, do not take any further troube to
no purpose." When the Yaksh sad ths to hm, the mendcant consented,
and chose one Yakshn. from her retnue. Then Vdyunm dsappeared,
and 'Adtya'sarman asked that Yakshn, whom the hermt had obtaned,
"Is there any Yakshn. superor to Vdyunm?" When the Yakshn.
heard that, she answered, "Yes, handsome man, there s. Vdyunma,
Chandraekh, and Suochan the thrd, are the best among the Yakshn.s,
and among these Suochan." After sayng that, the Yakshn. departed,
to return at the apponted tme; and the mendcant went wth 'Adtya'sarman
to hs house. There the ovng Yakshn. every day vsted the hermt
at the apponted tme, and granted hm a that he desred. One day
'Adtya'sarman asked her ths queston by the mouth of that mendcant:
"Who knows the proper spe for attractng Suochan?" And the Yakshn.
sent hm ths message by the mouth of the mendcant--"There s a
pace caed |ambuvana n the south. There s a mendcant there, named
Vshn.ugupta, who has made hs dweng on the banks of the Ven.; he s
the best of Buddhst mendcants, and knows the spe at fu ength."
When 'Adtya'sarman earned ths from the Yakshn., he went n a eagerness
to that country, foowed by the mendcant out of ove. There he
duy searched for the Buddhst mendcant, and after he had approached
hm, he served hm devotedy for three years, and wated upon hm contnuay.
And by the hep of that Yakshn., who was at the beck and ca
of the frst mendcant, hs frend, he provded hm wth heaveny uxures,
mnstered seasonaby. Then that Buddhst mendcant, beng peased, gave
to that 'Adtya'sarman the spe for obtanng Suochan, whch he desred,
together wth the prescrbed rtes to accompany t. Then 'Adtya'sarman,
havng obtaned that spe, and havng duy empoyed t, went nto a sotary
pace and performed there the fna sacrfce accordng to the prescrbed
rtua, eavng no ceremony out. Then the Yakshn. Suochan appeared
to hm n an ar-charot, wth word-enchantng beauty, and sad to
hm, "Come! come! I have been won by you, but you must not make me your
wfe for sx months, great hero, f you wsh to have by me a son, who w be a
favourte of fortune, marked wth auspcous marks, a-knowng and nvn-*
-----Fe: 480.png---------------------------------------------------------
cbe." When she sad ths, 'Adtya'sarman consented and she took hm off
n her charot to Aak. And 'Adtya'sarman remaned there, ookng at
her ever near hm, wth hs suspense and doubts at an end, and performed
for sx months a vow as dffcut as standng on the edge of a sword. Then
the god of weath, beng peased, hmsef gave that Suochan to
'Adtya'sarman
accordng to a heaveny rtua. I was born as that Brhman's son
by her, and I was named Gun.a'sarman by my father on account of my good
quates. Then n that very pace I earned n successon the Vedas, the
scences, and the accompshments, from a prnce of the Yakshas named
Man.dara.
Then, once upon a tme, t happened that Indra came to the god of
weath, and a who sat there rose up when they saw hm. But as Fate
woud have t, 'Adtya'sarman my father was at that tme thnkng of
somethng ese, and dd not rse up n a hurry. Then Indra, beng angry,
cursed hm, and sad--"Out, foo! go to your own word of mortas, you
are out of pace here." Then Suochan fe at hs feet, and proptated
hm, and Indra answered, "Then et hm not go to the word of mortas
hmsef, but et ths son of hs go, for one's son s sad to be a second sef.
Let not my word have been spoken n van." When Indra had sad so
much, he was satsfed. Then my father took me and deposted me n
my unce's house n U||ayn. For what s ordaned to be a man's ot must
be. There, as t happened, I struck up a frendshp wth the kng of that
pace. And sten, I w te you what happened to me there afterwards.
After sayng ths, he descrbed to hm what happened from the very
begnnng, and what 'Asokavat dd, and what the kng dd, endng up wth
hs fght. And he went on to say to hm--"Brhman, thus I have fed
away to go to a foregn and, and on my way, as I was |ourneyng aong,
I have seen you." When the Brhman heard that, he sad to
Gun.a'sarman--"And
thus I have become fortunate by your vst, my ord. So now
come to my house, and know that I am Agndatta by name, and ths
vage s my grant from the kng; be at ease here." After sayng ths,
Agndatta made Gun.a'sarman enter hs spendd manson, n whch were
many cows, buffaoes, and horses. There he honoured that guest wth bath
and unguents, and robes and ornaments, and wth varous knds of food.
And he shewed hm hs daughter, Sundar by name, whose beauty was to be
desred even by the gods, on the pretence of gettng hm to nspect her
marks. And Gun.a'sarman, for hs part, seeng that she was unsurpassed n
beauty, sad "She w have rva wves. She has a moe on her nose,
and consequenty I assert that she must have a second one on her breast; and
men say that such s the resut of spots n these two ocates." When he
sad ths, her brother, by command of her father, uncovered her breast, and
behed there a moe.
-----Fe: 481.png---------------------------------------------------------
Then Agndatta sad n astonshment to Gun.a'sarman, "You are a-knowng,
but these moes of hers portend good fortune to us. For wves
generay have many rvas when the husband s fortunate, a poor|*| man
woud fnd t dffcut to support one, much more to support many."
When Gun.a'sarman heard ths, he answered hm--"It s as you say; how
coud fortune befa a shape wth such auspcous marks?" When he
had sad ths, Agndatta took occason to ask hm concernng the meanng
of moes and other marks; and he tod hm what moes and other marks
portended on every snge mb, both n men and women.|*|
Then Sundar, the moment she behed Gun.a'sarman, onged eagery to
drnk hm n wth her eyes, as the femae partrdge ongs to drnk the
moon. Then Agndatta sad n prvate to Gun.a'sarman, "Iustrous one,
I gve you ths my daughter Sundar. Do not go to a foregn and, reman
at ease n my house." When Gun.a'sarman heard ths speech of hs, he
sad to hm--"True, I shoud be happy enough to do so, but as I have
been on a fase charge scorched wth the fre of the kng's contempt, t
does not pease me. A ovey woman, the rsng of the moon, and the
ffth note of a ute, these deght the happy but affct the mserabe.
And a wfe, who fas n ove of her own accord wth a man, s sure to be
chaste, but f she s gven away by her father aganst her w, she w be
ke 'Asokavat. Moreover, the cty of U||ayn s near to ths pace, so
the kng may perhaps hear of my whereabouts and oppress me. So I w
wander round to hoy paces, and w wash off the stans of sn contracted
ever snce my brth, and w abandon ths body, then I sha be at rest."
When he sad ths, Agndatta answered hm, smng, "If even you show
so much nfatuaton, what are we to expect from others? What annoyance
can you, a man of pure character, derve from the contempt of a foo?
* Dardryo s probaby a msprnt for dardro.
* Cp. Thseton Dyer's Engsh Fok-ore, p. 280. He remarks: " A beef was
formery current throughout the country n the sgnfcance of moes on the
human
body. When one of these appeared on the upper sde of the rght tempe above
the
eye, to a woman t sgnfed good and happy fortune by marrage. Ths
superstton
was especay beeved n n Nottnghamshre, as we earn from the foowng
nes, whch, says Mr. Brscoe, (author of 'Nottnghamshre Facts and Fctons')
were
often repeated by a poor gr at Bunny:--
'I have a moe above my rght eye,
And sha be a ady before I de.
As thngs may happen, as thngs may fa
Who knows but that I may be Lady of Bunny Ha?'
The poor gr's hopes, t s stated, were utmatey reazed, and she became
'Lady
of Bunny Ha.'
-----Fe: 482.png---------------------------------------------------------
Mud thrown at the heaven fas upon the head of the thrower, The
kng w soon reap the frut of hs want of dscrmnaton, for Fortune
does not ong wat upon a man bnd wth nfatuaton and wantng n
dscrmnaton. Besdes, f you are dsgusted wth women from your
experence of A|'s|okavat, do you not fee respect for them on behodng a
good woman, for you know sgns? And even though U||ayn be near
to ths pace where you now are, I w take steps to prevent any one's
knowng that you are here. But f you desre to make a pgrmage to
sacred paces, then I say--that s approved by the wse ony for a man, who
cannot, accordng to the scrptures, attan happness by performng the
actons en|oned by the Vedas; but he who can acqure mert by offerngs
to the gods, to the manes of deceased ancestors, and to the fre, by vows,
and mutterng prayers, what s the use of hs wanderng about on pgrmages?
A pgrm whose pow s hs arm, who seeps upon the ground,
and ves on ams, and drnks ony water, s not free from cares, even
though he has attaned equaty wth hermts. And as for your desrng
to abandon the body,|*| n ths aso you are ed astray, for n the next
word sucdes suffer more severe pans than here. An unbecomng faut
and foy s not to be commtted by one so young and wse: decde for
yoursef: you must certany do what I te you. I w have made
for you here a spacous and beautfu subterranean dweng; marry
Sundar and ve at ease n t." When he was thus dgenty schooed
by Agndatta, Gu|n.|a|'s|arman agreed to hs proposa, and sad to hm,
"I accept your offer, for who woud abandon a wfe ke Sundar?|*|
But I w not marry ths your daughter t I have accompshed
my ends. In the meanwhe I w proptate some god wth strct
ascetcsm, n order that I may be revenged on that ungratefu monarch."
When he sad ths, Agndatta gady consented, and Gu|n.|a|'s|arman rested
there n comfort durng the nght. And the next day Agndatta had a
secret subterranean dweng constructed for hs comfort, caed Ptavasat.|*|
And whe he was there, Gu|n.|a|'s|arman sad n secret to Agndatta:
"Te me, what god, grantng boons to hs worshppers, sha I proptate
here by performng vows, and what spe sha I use?" When the brave
man sad that, Agndatta answered hm, " I have a spe for proptatng
the god Svmkumra, whch was tod me by a teacher; so wth that proptate
the genera of the gods, the foe of Traka, desrng whose brth the gods,
oppressed by ther enemes, sent Kma to |'S|va, (and he, after burnng hm
up, decreed that henceforth he shoud be born n the mnd;) whose orgn
* I read dehatygam and vnchas.
* I. e. "beautfu." There s a pun here.
* Pta = Hades, . e., the word beow, vasat = dweng.
-----Fe: 483.png---------------------------------------------------------
they say was varous, from |'S|va, from the fre-cavty, from fre, from the
thcket of reeds and from the K|r.|ttks; and who, as soon as he was born,
made the whoe word bend by hs rresstbe mght, and sew the unconquered
Asura Traka." Then Gu|n.|a|'s|arman sad, " Te me that spe."
And Agndatta gave Gu|n.|a|'s|arman that spe. Wth t Gu|n.|a|'s|arman
proptated
Skanda n the subterranean dweng, unremttng n hs vow, wated
upon by Sundar. Then the sx-faced god appeared to hm n vsbe
form, and sad, "I am peased wth you, choose a boon,--|*|
* * * *
"You sha possess an nexhaustbe treasury and, after conquerng
Mahsena, you sha, my son, advance rresstby and rue the earth."
After gvng hm ths great boon, Skanda dsappeared, and Gu|n.|a|'s|arman
obtaned nexhaustbe treasure. Then the successfu hero marred, accordng
to the prescrbed rtes, wth spendour suted to hs greatness, the
daughter of the Brhman Agndatta, who fe more n ove wth hm every
day, ke hs future good fortune n affars come to hm n body form.
And then havng coected, by vrtue of hs surpassng accumuaton of
nexhaustbe treasure, an army consstng of many horses, eephants and
foot-soders, he marched to U||ayn, overrunnng the earth wth the forces
of a the kngs that crowded to hs banner out of grattude for hs gfts.
And after procamng there to the sub|ects that mmodest conduct of
A|'s|okavat, and after conquerng the kng Mahsena n batte, and deposng
hm from the throne, he obtaned the domnon of the earth. And
kng Gu|n.|a|'s|arman marred many daughters of kngs, besdes Sundar, and
hs orders were obeyed even on the shores of the sea, and wth Sundar as
hs consort he ong en|oyed peasures to hs heart's content.
"Thus kng Mahsena, n od tme, suddeny ncurred caamty through
beng unabe to dscrmnate the characters of men, beng a man of du
nteect, but the cear-headed Gu|n.|a|'s|arman, wth the hep of hs own
resoute
character aone, obtaned the hghest prosperty."
After Sryaprabha had heard ths chvarous tae at nght from the
mouth of hs mnster Vtabht, the roya hero, who was ongng to traverse
the great sea of batte, ganed great confdence, and graduay
dropped off to seep.
* Here Brockhaus supposes a hatus.
-----Fe: 484.png---------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER L.
----
Then Sryaprabha and hs mnsters rose up eary n the mornng, and
accompaned by a the troops of the Dnavas and ther aes, went to
the fed of batte. And |'S|ruta|'s|arman came surrounded by a the forces
of the Vdydharas; and a the gods, Asuras, and others agan came to
ook on. Both armes adopted the crescent formaton, then there took
pace a batte between those two armes. The swft arrows,* wnged wth
feathers, cashng aganst one another and cuttng one another n peces, aso
fought. The ong sword-bades ssued from the mouths of the scabbards,
and drnkng bood, and wavng to and fro, appeared ke the tongues of
Death. The fed of batte seemed ke a ake, the fu-bown otuses of
whch were the faces of heroes; on these the shower of dscuses descended
ke a fght of Brahmany ducks, and so runed the kngy swans. The
combat appeared, wth the severed heads of heroes fyng up and down,
ke a game of ba, wth whch Death was amusng hmsef. When the
arena of combat was ceared from the obscurng dust by the sprnkng
of boody drops, there took pace on t the snge combats of furous
champons. There Sryaprabha fought wth |'S|ruta|'s|arman, and Prabhsa
fought wth Dmodara, and Sddhrtha fought wth Mahotpta, and
Prahasta wth Brahmagupta, and Vtabh wth Sangama, and Pra|n|d.|hya
wth Chandragupta, and Pryankara wth Akrama, and Sarvadamana fought
wth Atbaa, and Kun|arakumraka fought wth Dhurandhara, and other
great champons fought wth others respectvey.
Then frst Mahotpta senced the arrows of Sddhrtha wth hs arrows,
and after ceavng hs bow, sew hs horses and charoteer. Sddhrtha,
though deprved of hs charot, charged hm angry, and wth a arge ron
mace broke n peces hs charot and horses. Then Sddhrtha fought on
foot wth Mahotpta aso on foot, and n a wrestng-bout hured hm to
the ground. But whe he was tryng to crush hm, that Vdydhara was
devered by hs father Bhaga, and fyng up nto the ar eft the battefed.
And Prahasta and Brahmagupta destroyed one another's charots,
and then fought wth swords, shewng varous arts of fence; and Prahasta
ceft hs foe's shed n the course of ther sword-pay, and wth a dexterous
seght ad hm ow on the earth; but when he was about to cut off hs
head, as he ay on the ground, he was forbdden by hs father Brahm
* |'S|avar shoud probaby be karak.
-----Fe: 485.png---------------------------------------------------------
hmsef by a sgn from a dstance; then a the Dnavas aughed the gods
to scorn, sayng, "You gods have come to save your sons, not to behod
the fray." In the meanwhe Vtabhaya, after cuttng n two the bow of
Sankrama, and sayng hs charoteer, sew hm by percng hs heart wth the
weapon of Kma. And Pra|n|d.|hya, fghtng on foot wth Chandragupta,
sword to sword, after both ther charots had been destroyed, ked hm by
cuttng off hs head. Then the Moon, angry at the death of hs son, hmsef
came and fought wth Pra|n|d.|hya, and the two combatants were eveny
matched. And Pryankara, who had ost hs charot, fghtng wth Akrama,
who had aso had hs charot destroyed, cut hm n two wth one bow of
hs sword. And Sarvadamana easy ked Atbaa n fght, for when hs
bow was ceft, he threw hs eephant-hook and smote hm n the heart.
Then Kun|arakumra n a contest, n whch msses were opposed by
answerng msses, frequenty deprved Dhurandhara of hs charot, and
as frequenty Vkrama|'s|akt brought hm a charot, and defended hm n
sore strats, repeng weapons wth weapons; then Kun|arakumra n
wrath rushed forward, and swfty hured a great rock on to the charot of
Vkrama|'s|akt, and, when Vkrama|'s|akt retred wth broken charot, he
crushed Dhurandhara wth that very stone.|*| * *
Then Sryaprabha, whe fghtng wth |'S|ruta|'s|arman, beng angry on
account of the saughter of Vrochana, ked Dama wth one arrow.
Enraged at that, the two A|'s|vns descended to the combat, but Suntha
receved them wth showers of arrows, and a great fght took pace between
hm and them. And Sthrabuddh sew Parkrama n fght wth a |aven,
and then fought wth the eght Vasus enraged on account of hs death. And
Prabhsa, seeng Bhsa deprved of hs charot, though hmsef engaged n
fghtng wth Dmodara, ked Mardana wth one arrow. The Dnava
Prakampana
ked Te|a|h.|prabha n a msse combat, and then fought wth the
god of Fre enraged on account of hs death. And when Dhmraketu had
san Yamadansh|t.|ra n fght, he had a terrbe combat wth the enraged
Yama.|*| And Snhadansh|t.|ra, havng crushed Surosha|n.|a wth a stone,
fought
wth Nr|r.|t,|*| enraged on account of hs death. Kachakra aso cut Vyubaa
n two wth a dscus, and then fought wth Vyu|*| nfamed wth rage
thereat. And Mahmya sew Kuveradatta, who deuded hs foes by
assumng the forms of a snake, a mountan, and a tree, assumng hmsef
the forms of Garu|d.|a, of the thunderbot, and of fre. Then Kuvera|*|
hmsef fought wth hm n wrath. In the same way a the gods fought,
* Here Brockhaus supposes a hatus.
* The god of Death.
* .e. Destructon (a goddess of death and corrupton).
* .e. the god of the wnd.
* The god of weath.
-----Fe: 486.png---------------------------------------------------------
angry on account of the saughter of ther sons. And then varous other
prnces of the Vdydharas were san by varous men and Dnavas, dartng
forward from tme to tme.
And n the meanwhe a confct went on between Prabhsa and
Dmodara, terrbe from ts unceasng exchange of msses. Then Dmodara,
though hs bow was ceft asunder, and hs charoteer san, took
another bow and fought on, hodng the rens n hs own hands. And
when Brahm appauded hm, Indra sad to hm, "Revered one, why are
you peased wth one who s gettng the worst of t?" Then Brahm
answered hm,--"How can I hep beng peased wth one, who fghts for so
ong wth ths Prabhsa? Who but Dmodara, who s a porton of Har,
woud do ths? For a the gods woud be a scant match for Prabhsa n
fght. For that Asura Namuch, who was so hard for the gods to subdue,
and who was then born agan as Prabaa, one entre and perfect |ewe, has
now been born as the nvncbe Prabhsa son of Bhsa, and Bhsa too was
n a former brth the great Asura Kanem, who afterwards became
Hranyaka|'s|pu and then Kapn|aa. And Sryaprabha s the Asura who
was caed Sumu|n.||d.|ka. And the Asura who was before caed Hranyksha
s now ths Suntha. And as for Prahasta and others, they are a Datyas
and Dnavas; and snce the Asuras san by you have been born agan n
these forms, the other Asuras, Maya and others, have espoused ther cause.
And see, Ba has come here to ook on, for hs bonds have been broken by
vrtue of the great sacrfce to |'S|va, duy performed by Sryaprabha and
the others, but keepng hs promse fathfuy, he remans content wth the
ream of Pta unt your aotted perod of rue s at an end, and then he
w be Indra. These are now favoured by |'S|va, so t s not now a tme of
vctory for you, make peace wth your foes." Whe Brahm was sayng
ths to the kng of the gods, Prabhsa sent forth the great weapon of |'S|va.
When Vsh|n.|u saw that terrbe a-destroyng weapon et oose, he aso sent
forth, out of regard for hs son, hs dscus caed Sudar|'s|ana. Then there
took pace between those dvne weapons, whch had assumed vsbe shapes,
a strugge whch made the three words dread a sudden destructon of a
creatures. Then Har sad to Prabhsa--"Reca your weapon and I w
reca mne," and Prabhsa answered hm,--"My weapon cannot be
aunched n van, so et Dmodara turn hs back, and retre from the fght,
and then I w reca my weapon." When Prabhsa sad that, Vsh|n.|u
answered--"Then do you aso honour my dscus, et not ether of these
weapons be frutess." When Vsh|n.|u sad ths, Prabhsa who possessed
tact, sad "So be t, et ths dscus of thne destroy my charot." Vsh|n.|u
agreed, and made Dmodara retre from the fght, and Prabhsa wthdrew
hs weapon, and the dscus fe on hs charot. Then he mounted another
charot and went to Sryaprabha, and then Dmodara, for hs part, repared
to |'S|ruta|'s|arman.
-----Fe: 487.png---------------------------------------------------------
And then the snge combat between |'S|ruta|'s|arman, who was puffed up by
beng a son of Indra, and Sryaprabha, became exceedngy ferce. Whatever
weapon |'S|ruta|'s|arman vgorousy empoyed, Sryaprabha mmedatey
repeed
wth opposng weapons. And whatever deuson |'S|ruta|'s|arman empoyed,
was overmastered by Sryaprabha wth opposng deuson. Then
|'S|ruta|'s|arman
n ferce wrath sent forth the weapon of Brahm, and the mghty
Sryaprabha et oose the weapon of |'S|va. That mghty weapon of |'S|va
repeed the weapon of Brahm, and beng rresstbe, was overpowerng
|'S|ruta|'s|arman, when Indra and the other Lokapas, beng ndgnant, sent
forth ther tremendous weapons begnnng wth thunderbots. But the
weapon of |'S|va conquered a those weapons, and bazed exceedngy, eager
to say |'S|ruta|'s|arman. Then Sryaprabha prased that great weapon, and
entreated t not to k |'S|ruta|'s|arman, but to take hm prsoner and hand
hm over to hmsef. Then a the gods speedy prepared for fght, and
the other Asuras aso, who had come to ook on, dd the same, beng eager
to conquer the gods. Then a Ga|n.|a named Vrabhadra, sent by |'S|va, came
and devered ths order of hs to Indra and the other gods: "You came
to ook on, so what rght have you to fght here? Moreover, your over-*steppng
the bounds of proprety w produce other bad resuts." When
the gods heard that, they sad--"A of us have sons here that have been
san, or are beng san, so how can we hep fghtng?|*| Love for one's
offsprng s a feeng hard to ay asde, so we must certany revenge ourseves
on ther sayers to the utmost of our power; what mproprety
s there n ths?" When the gods sad ths, Vrabhadra departed, and
a great fght took pace between the gods and the Asuras: Suntha fought
wth the two A|'s|vns, and Pra|a|d.|hya fought wth the Moon, and
Sthrabuddh
wth the Vasus, and Kachakra wth Vyu, and Prakampana wth
Agn, and Snhadansh|t.|ra wth Nr|r.|t, and Pramathana wth Varu|n.|a, and
Dhmraketu wth Yama, and then Mahmya fought wth the god of
weath, and other Asuras|*| at the same tme fought wth other gods, wth
msses and opposng msses. And fnay, whatever mghty weapon
any god sent forth, |'S|va mmedatey destroyed wth an angry roar. But
the god of weath, when hs cub was upfted, was restraned by |'S|va
n a concatory manner, whe varous other gods, ther weapons havng
been broken, fed from the fed of batte. Then Indra hmsef, n wrath,
attacked Sryaprabha, and et fy a storm of arrows at hm and varous
other weapons. And Sryaprabha repeed those weapons wth ease, and
kept strkng Indra wth hundreds of arrows drawn back to the ear. Then the
kng of the gods,enraged, sezed hs thunderbot,and |'S|va made an angry
nose
and destroyed that thunderbot. Then Indra turned hs back and fed,
* Cp. Homer's Iad, Book XV, 113-141.
* For anyonya|'s| I read anye' anya|'s|.
-----Fe: 488.png---------------------------------------------------------
and Nryana hmsef, n wrath, attacked Prabhsa wth sharp-edged|*|
arrows. And he fearessy fought wth hm, opposng those and other
msses wth hs own msses, and when hs horses were san, and he was
deprved of hs charot, he ascended another, and st fought wth that enemy
of the Datyas on equa terms. Then the god enraged sent forth hs famng
dscus. And Prabhsa sent forth a heaveny sword, after consecratng t wth
magc formuas. Whe those two weapons were contendng, |'S|va, seeng that
the sword was graduay beng overpowered by the dscus, made an angry
roar. That caused the dscus and sword to be both destroyed. Then
the Asuras re|oced, and the gods were cast down, as Sryaprabha had '
obtaned the vctory, and |'S|ruta|'s|arman was taken prsoner. Then the gods
prased and proptated |'S|va, and the husband of Ambk, beng peased,
gave ths command to the gods--"Ask any boon but that promsed to
Sryaprabha; who can set asde what has been once promsed at a burnt-
sacrfce?"
The gods sad--"But, Lord, et that aso whch we promsed to
|'S|ruta|'s|arman be fufed, and et not our sons persh." Then they ceased,
and the Hoy Lord thus commanded them, "When peace s made, et that
be so, and ths s the condton of peace;----et |'S|ruta|'s|arman wth a hs
retnue do homage to Sryaprabha. Then we w ssue a decree whch
sha be for the wea of both." The gods acquesced n ths decson of
|'S|va's, and made |'S|ruta|'s|arman do homage to Sryaprabha. Then they
renounced ther enmty and embraced one another, and the gods and
Asuras aso ad asde ther enmty and made peace wth one another.
Then, n the hearng of the gods and Asuras, the hoy |'S|va sad ths to
Sryaprabha: "You must rue yoursef n the southern haf-ved, but
the northern haf-ved gve to |'S|ruta|'s|arman. For you are destned, my son,
soon to receve the fourfod soveregnty of a the sky-goers, Knnaras and
a. And when you receve ths, as you w be n a dstngushed poston,
you must aso gve the southern haf-ved to |'S|rkun|arakumra." And as
for the heroes san on both sdes n the batte, et them a rse up ave
wth unwounded mbs. After sayng ths, |'S|va dsappeared, and a those
heroes, who were san n that batte, rose up unwounded, as f they had
awaked from seep.
Then Sryaprabha, the tamer of hs foes, ntent on observng the
command of |'S|va, went to a remote extensve pan, and sttng n fu
court, hmsef made |'S|ruta|'s|arman, who came to hm, st down on haf of
hs throne. And hs companons, headed by Prabhsa, and |'S|ruta|'s|arman's
companons, headed by Dmodara, sat at the sde of the two prnces. And
Suntha and Maya, and the other Dnavas, and the kngs of the Vdydharas
too sat on seats n order of precedence. Then the Datyas, who
were kngs of the seven Ptas, headed by Prahda, and the kngs of the
* Or perhaps--wth arrows havng ten mon ponts.
-----Fe: 489.png---------------------------------------------------------
Dnavas came there out of |oy. And Indra came wth the Lokapas, preceded
by Vrhaspat, and the Vdydhara Sumeru wth Suvsakumra. And
a the wves of Ka|'s|yapa came, headed by Danu, and the wves of
Sryaprabha
n the charot Bhtsana. When they had a sat down, after
shewng one another affecton, and gong through the prescrbed courteses,
a frend of Danu's, named Sddh, spoke to them as from her: "O gods
and Asuras, the goddess Danu says ths to you--'Say, f you have ever fet
before the |oy and satsfacton whch we a fee n ths frendy meetng!
so|**typo "So"|
you ought not to wage aganst one another war, whch s terrbe on account
of the sorrow t produces. Hranyksha and those other eder Asuras, who
waged t to obtan the empre of heaven, have passed away, and Indra s now
the edest, so what cause s there for enmty?
So et your mutua antagonsm drop, and be happy, n order that I may
be peased, and the prosperty of the words may be ensured.'" When
they had heard ths address of the revered Danu, uttered by the mouth of
Sddh, V|r.|haspat, Indra havng ooked hm n the face, sad to her--"The
gods entertan no desgn aganst the Asuras, and are wng to be frends
wth them, uness they dspay a treacherous anmosty aganst the gods."
When the preceptor of the gods sad ths, Maya the kng of the Dnavas
sad--"If the Asuras entertaned any anmosty, how coud Namuch have
gven to Indra the horse Uchchha|h.||'s|ravas that resusctates the dead?
And how coud Prabaa have gven hs own body to the gods? And how
coud Ba have gven the three words to Vsh|n.|u, and hmsef have gone
to prson? Or how coud Ayodeha have gven hs own body to V|'s|vakarman?
What more sha I say? The Asuras are ever generous, and
f they are not treacherousy n|ured, they chersh no anmosty." When
the Asura Maya had sad ths, Sddh made a speech, whch nduced the
gods and Asuras to make peace and embrace one another.
In the meanwhe a femae warder, named |ay, sent by Bhavn, came
there and was honoured by a, and she sad to Sumeru,"I am sent by the
goddess
Durg to you, and she gves you ths order--'You have an unmarred
daughter named Kmachu|d.|ma|n.|; gve her qucky to Sryaprabha, for
she s a votary of mne.'" When |ay sad ths to Sumeru, he bowed,
and answered her--"I w do as the goddess Durg commands me, for
ths s a great favour to me, and ths very thng was ong ago en|oned on
me by the god |'S|va." When Sumeru answered |ay on ths wse, she
sad to Sryaprabha--"You must set Kmachu|d.|ma|n.| above a your
wves, and she must be respected by you more than a the others; ths s
the order gven to you to-day by the goddess Gaur, beng proptous to you."
When |ay had sad ths, she dsappeared, after havng been honoured by
Sryaprabha. And Sumeru qucky fxed upon an auspcous moment n that
same day for the marrage, and he had an atar made there, wth pars and
-----Fe: 490.png---------------------------------------------------------
pavement of refugent |ewes, furnshed wth fre that seemed, as t were,
ecpsed by ther rays. And he summoned there hs daughter
Kmach|d.|ma|n.|,
whose beauty was greedy drunk n by the eager eyes of gods
and Asuras. Her oveness was ke that of Um, and no wonder, for
f Prvat was the daughter of Hmaya, she was the daughter of
Sumeru. Then he made her ascend the atar, fuy adorned, respendent
from the ceremony of the marrage-thread, and then Sryaprabha took the
otus-hand of Kmach|d.|ma|n.|, on whch braceets had been fastened by
Danu, and the other ades. And when the frst handfu of parched gran|*|
was thrown nto the fre, |ay mmedatey came and gave her an mpershabe
ceesta garand sent by Bhavn, and then Sumeru bestowed prceess
|ewes, and an exceent eephant of heaveny breed, descended from Arvata.
And at the second throwng of parched gran, |ay, bestowed a
neckace, of such a knd that, as ong as t s upon a person's neck, hunger,
thrst and death cannot harm them; and Sumeru gave twce as many |ewes
as before, and a matchess horse descended from Uchcha|h.||'s|ravas. And at
the thrd throwng of gran, |ay gave a snge strng of |ewes, such that,
as ong as t s on the neck, youth does not wther, and Sumeru gave a
heap of |ewes three tmes as arge as the frst, and gave a heaveny pear
that bestowed a knds of magc powers upon ts possessor.
Then the weddng beng over, Sumeru sad to a present; "Gods,
Asuras, Vdydharas, mothers of the gods, and a. To-day a of you
must eat n my house, you must do me ths honour, I entreat you wth
pams foded above my head." They a were ncned to refuse Sumeru's
nvtaton, but n the meanwhe Nandn arrved; he sad to them, who
bowed humby before hm, "|'S|va commands you to feast n the house of
Sumeru, for he s the god's servant, and f you eat hs food, you w be
satsfed for ever." A of them, when they heard ths from Nandn,
agreed to t. Then there came there nnumerabe Ga|n.|as sent by |'S|va,
under the eadershp of Vnyaka, Mahka, Vrabhadra and others. They
prepared a pace ft for dnng, and caused the guests to st down n order,
gods, Vdydharas and men. And the dvne bengs Vrabhadra, Mahka,
Bh|r.|ngn and others, mnstered to them vands produced by Sumeru by
magc, and others supped by the cow Kmadhenu ordered to do so by
|'S|va, and they wated upon every snge guest accordng to hs rank, and
then
there was a concert, charmng on account of the dancng of heaveny nymphs,
and n whch the bards of the Vdydharas kept contnuay |onng out of
deght.
And at the end of the feast, Nandn and the others gave them a
ceesta garands, robes, and ornaments. After they had thus honoured the
gods and others, a the chefs of the Ganas, Nandn and the others, departed
wth a the Ganas as they had come. Then a the gods and Asuras, and
* Cp. Thseton Dyer's Engsh Fok-ore, p. 203.
-----Fe: 491.png---------------------------------------------------------
those mothers of thers, and |'S|ruta|'s|arman and hs foowers took eave of
Sumeru, and went each to hs own pace. But Sryaprabha and hs wfe,
accompaned by a hs former wves, went n the charot frst to that ascetc
grove of Sumeru. And he sent hs companon Harsha to announce hs
success to the kngs and to hs brother Ratnaprabha. And at the cose of
day he entered the prvate apartments of hs wfe Kmchdma|n.|, n
whch were spendd |eweed couches, and whch were admraby but.
There he fattered her by sayng to her, "Now other women dwe outsde of
me, but you aone ve n my heart." Then the nght and hs seep graduay
came to an end.
And n the mornng Sryaprabha got up, and went and pad compments
to hs head-wves, who were a together. And whe they were
re|ectng hm, as beng n ove wth a new wfe, wth payfuy sarcastc,
sweet, affectonate, and bashfu turns of speech, a Vdydhara named
Sushena came, announced by the warder, and after dong homage, sad to
that trumphant kng--"Your hghness, I have been sent here by a the
prnces of the Vdydharas, the ord of Trk|t.|a and others, and they make
ths representaton to your hghness--'It s auspcous that your coronaton
shoud take pace on the thrd day at the mountan |R.|shabha, et ths be
announced to a, and et the necessary preparatons be made.'" When
Sryaprabha heard that, he answered the ambassador--"Go, and say to the
kng of T|r.|ku|t.|a and the other Vdydharas from me--'Let your honours
begn the preparatons, and say yourseves what further s to be done;
I for my part am ready. But I w announce the day to a, as s
fttng.'" Then Sushena departed, takng wth hm ths answer. But
Sryaprabha sent off hs frends Prabhsa and the others, one by one, to
nvte a the gods, and the hermts, Y|navakya and others, and the kngs,
and the Vdydharas, and the Asuras to the great festva of hs coronaton.
He hmsef went aone to Kasa the monarch of mountans, n order
to nvte |'S|va and Ambk. And as he was ascendng that mountan, he saw
that t geamed whte as ashes, ookng ke a second |'S|va to be adored by
the
Sddhas, |R.|shs, and gods. After he had get more than haf-way up t, and
had seen that further on t was hard to cmb, he behed on one sde a cora
door. When he found that, though gfted wth supernatura power, he
coud not enter, he prased |'S|va wth ntent mnd. Then a man wth an
eephant's face opened the door, and sad--"Come! enter! the hoy Gane|'s|a
s satsfed wth you." Then Sryaprabha entered, ny wonderng, and
behed the god seated on a broad sab of |yotrasa,|*| wth one tusk, and
an eephant's proboscs, n brghtness ke tweve suns, wth pendent
stomach, wth three eyes, wth famng axe and cub, surrounded by many
Ga|n.|as wth the faces of anmas, and fang at hs feet, he adored hm.
* Probaby some knd of sparkng gem.
-----Fe: 492.png---------------------------------------------------------
The vanqusher of obstaces, beng peased, asked hm the cause of hs
comng, and sad to hm wth an affectonate voce--"Ascend by ths path."
Sryaprabha ascended by that path another fve yo|anas, and saw another
great door of ruby. And not beng abe to enter there ether, he prased the
god |'S|va by hs thousand names wth ntent mnd. Then the son of
Skanda, caed V|'s|kha, hmsef opened the door, procamng who he was,
and ntroduced the prnce nto the nteror. And Sryaprabha, havng
entered, behed Skanda of the brghtness of burnng fre, accompaned by
hs fve sons ke hmsef, |'S|kha, V|'s|kha and ther brothers, surrounded
by nauspcous panets, and nfant panets,|*| that submtted to hm as soon,
as he was born, and by ten mons of Gane|'s|as, prostrate at hs feet.
That god Krtkeya aso, beng peased, asked the cause of hs comng, and
shewed hm the path by whch to ascend the mountan. In the same
manner he passed fve other |ewe-doors n successon, kept by Bharava,
Mahka, Vrabhadra, Nandn, and Bh|r.|ngn severay, each wth hs
attendants, and at ast he reached on the top of the mountan an eghth
door of crysta. Then he prased |'S|va, and he was ntroduced courteousy
by one of the Rudras, and behed that abode of |'S|va that exceed
Svarga, n whch bew wnds of heaveny fragrance, n whch the trees ever
bore frut and fowers,|*| n whch the Gandharvas had begun ther concert,
whch was a |oyous wth the dancng of Apsarases. Then, n one part of
t, Sryaprabha behed wth |oy the great god |'S|va, seated on a throne of
crysta, three-eyed, trdent n hand, n hue ke unto pure crysta, wth
yeow matted ocks, wth a ovey haf-moon for crest, adored by the hoy
daughter of the mountan, who was seated at hs sde. And he advanced,
and fe at the feet of hm and the goddess Durg. Then the adorabe
Hara paced hs hand on hs back, and made hm rse up, and st down, and
asked hm why he had come. And Sryaprabha answered the god, "My
coronaton s ngh at hand, therefore I desre the Lord's presence at t."
Then |'S|va sad to hm, "Why have you gone through so much to and
hardshp? Why dd you not thnk of me where you were, n order that I
mght appear there. Be t so, I w be present." The god, who s knd to
hs votares, sad ths, and cang a certan Ga|n.|a who stood near hm, gave
hm the foowng command: "Go and take ths man to the |R.|shabha
mountan,
n order that he may be crowned emperor, for that s the pace apponted
for the grand coronaton of emperors such as he s." When the Ga|n.|a had
receved ths command from the hoy god, he took n hs ap wth a respect
Sryaprabha, who had crcumambuated |'S|va. And he carred hm and
paced hm on the |R.|shabha mountan by hs magc power that very
moment, and then dsappeared. And when Sryaprabha arrved there, hs
* Sad to mean, panets or demons unfavourabe to chdren.
* Cp. Odyssey VII, 117.
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companons came to hm, and hs wves wth Kmach|d.|man at ther head,
and the kngs of the Vdydharas, and the gods wth Indra, and the Asuras
wth Maya at ther head, and |'S|ruta|'s|arman, and Sumeru wth
Suvsakumra.
And Sryaprabha honoured them a n becomng fashon, and
when he tod the story of hs ntervew wth |'S|va, they congratuated hm.
Then Prabhsa and the others brought the water of consecraton wth ther
own hands, mxed wth varous herbs, n ptchers of |ewes and god, takng
t from mae and femae rvers, seas and hoy bathng paces. In the
meanwhe the hoy |'S|va came there, accompaned by Durg; and the gods,
and Asuras and Vdydharas, and kngs, and great |r.|shs adored hs foot.
And whe a the gods, and Dnavas, and Vdydharas uttered oud cres
of "Bessed be ths day," the |r.|shs made Sryaprabha st on the throne,
and pourng a the waters over hm, decared hm emperor of the Vdydharas.
And the dscreet Asura Maya |oyfuy fastened on hs turban and
dadem. And the drum of the gods, preceded by the dancng of ovey
Apsarases, sounded |oyfuy n heaven, n unson wth the cymbas of earth.
And that assemby of great |r.|shs poured the water of consecraton over
Kmach|d.|ma|n.| aso, and made her the approprate queen consort of
Sryaprabha. Then, the gods and Asuras havng departed, Sryaprabha,
the emperor of the Vdydharas, protracted hs great coronaton feast wth
hs reatons, frends, and companons. And n a few days he gave to
|'S|ruta|'s|arman that northern haf ved mentoned by |'S|va, and havng
obtaned
hs other beoved ones, he en|oyed for a ong tme, together wth hs
companons, the fortune of kng of the Vdydharas.
"Thus by vrtue of the favour of |'S|va, Sryaprabha, though a man,
obtaned of yore the empre of the Vdydharas."
Havng tod ths story n the presence of the kng of Vatsa, and havng
bowed before Naravhanadatta, Va|raprabha, the kng of the Vdydharas,
ascended to heaven. And after he had gone, that hero, kng Naravhanadatta,
together wth hs queen Madanamanchuk, remaned n the house of
hs father the kng of Vatsa, watng to obtan the rank of emperor of the
Vdydharas.
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|Bank Page|
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BOOK IX.
CHAPTER LI.
We bow before that Gane|'s|a before whom, when dancng, even the
mountans seem to bow, for they are made to stoop, owng to the earth beng
bent by the weght of N|'s|umbha.
Thus Naravhanadatta, the son of the kng of Vatsa, dwet n
Kau|'s|mb n the paace of hs father, havng heard wth astonshment of the
regn of the kng of the Vdydharas. And once on a tme, havng gone
out huntng, he dsmssed hs army, and entered a great forest, wth
Gomukha as hs ony companon. There the throbbng of hs rght eye
ndcated the approach of good fortune, and he soon heard the sound of
sngng mxed wth the notes of a heaveny yre. After gong a short dstance
to fnd whence the sound proceeded, he behed a Svayambh|*| tempe
of |'S|va, and after tyng up hs horse, he entered t. And there he behed a
heaveny maden, surrounded by many other ovey madens, prasng |'S|va
wth the harp. As soon as he saw her, wth the effuent streams of her
oveness she dsturbed hs heart, as the orb of the moon dsturbs the heart
of the sea. She too ooked on hm wth mpassoned, ovng, and bashfu
eye, and had her mnd soey fxed on hm, and forgot to pour forth her
notes. Then Gomukha, who read hs master's sou, began to ask her
attendants--"Who s she, and whose daughter s she?" But n the meanwhe
a Vdydhar of mature age, resembng her n feature, descended
from heaven, preceded by a geam red as god. And she came down, and
sat by the sde of that maden, and then the maden rose up, and fe at her
feet. And that mature dame bessed that gr, sayng, "Obtan wthout
mpedment a husband, who sha be kng of a the Vdydharas." Then
Naravhanadatta came to that gente-ookng Vdydhar, and bowed before
her, and after she had gven hm her bessng, he sowy sad to her: "Who
s ths maden of thne, mother, te me?" then that Vdydhar sad to hm
"Lsten, I w te you."
* . e., connected n some way wth Buddha. See Bhtngk and Roth s. v.
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Story of Aankrarat.
There s on the mountan-heghts
of the father of Gaur,|*| a
cty named 'Srsundarapura, and n t there dwes a kng of the Vdydharas,
named Aankra'sa. That ofty-soued kng had a wfe named
Knchanaprabh, and n course of tme a son was born to the kng by her.
And, when Um announced to hs father n a dream that he shoud be
devoted to regon, he named hm Dharma'sa. And n course of tme
that son Dharma'sa grew up to be a young man, and the kng, havng had
hm taught the scences, apponted hm Crown-prnce. Then Dharma'sa,
when apponted Crown-prnce, beng excusvey devoted to vrtue, and sef-
controed,
deghted the sub|ects even more than dd hs father. Then the
queen Knchanaprabh, the consort of kng Aankra'sa, became pregnant
agan, and gave brth to a daughter. Then a heaveny voce procamed,
"Ths daughter sha be the wfe of the emperor Naravhanadatta." Then
her father gave her the name of Aankravat, and the gr graduay grew
ke a dgt of the moon. And n course of tme she attaned mature youth,
and earned the scences from her own father, and through devoton to the
god 'Sva, began to roam from tempe to tempe of hs. In the meanwhe
that brother of hers, Dharma'sa, who was santy, though n the boom of
youth, sad n secret to hs father Aankra'sa--"My father, these en|oyments,
that vansh n a moment, do not pease me; for what s there n
ths word whch s not dstastefu at the ast? Have you not heard on ths
pont the sayng of the hermt Vysa? 'A aggregatons end n dssouton,
a erectons end n a fa, a unons end n separaton, and fe
ends n death.' So what peasure can wse men take n these pershabe
ob|ects? Moreover, nether en|oyments nor heaps of weath accompany
one nto the other word, but vrtue s the ony frend that never moves a
step from one's sde. Therefore I w go to the forest, and perform a
severe penance, n order by t to attan everastng supreme fecty."
When the kng's son Dharma'sa sad ths, hs father Aankra'sa was
perturbed, and answered hm wth tears n hs eyes; "My son, what s ths
sudden deuson that has overtaken you whe st a boy? For good men
desre a fe of retrement after they have en|oyed ther youth. Ths s
the tme for you to marry a wfe, and rue your kngdom |usty, and en|oy
peasures, not to abandon the word." When Dharma'sa heard ths speech
of hs father's, he answered: "There s no perod for sef-contro or absence
of sef-contro fxed by age; any one, even when a chd, attans sef-contro,
f favoured by the Lord, but no bad man attans sef-contro even
when od. And I take no peasure n regnng, nor n marryng a wfe;
the ob|ect of my fe s to proptate 'Sva by austertes." When the
prnce sad ths, hs father Aankra'sa, seeng that he coud not be turned
* . e., the Hmaya.
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from hs purpose even by the greatest efforts, shed tears, and sad; "If
you, who are young, my son, dspay such freedom from passon, why
shoud not I, who am an od man? I too w go to the forest." He sad
ths, and went to the word of men, and bestowed on Brhmans and the
poor a myrad oads of god and |ewes. And returnng to hs cty, he sad
to hs wfe Knchanaprabh: "You must, f you wsh to obey my commands,
reman here n your own cty, and take care of ths daughter of
ours, Aankravat, and when a year has past, there w be on ths very day
an auspcous moment for her marrage. And then I w gve her n
marrage to Naravhanadatta, and that son-n-aw of mne sha be an
emperor, and sha come to ths cty of ours." Havng sad ths to hs
wfe, the kng made her take an oath, and then made her return weepng
wth her daughter, and hmsef went wth hs son to the forest. But hs
wfe Knchanaprabh ved n her own cty wth her daughter; what vrtuous
wfe woud dsobey her husband's commands? Then her daughter Aankravat
wandered about to many tempes together wth her mother, who
accompaned her out of affecton. And one day the scence named Pra|napt
sad to her, "Go to the hoy paces n Ka'smra named Svayambh,
and there offer worshp, for then you w obtan wthout dffcuty for a
husband, Naravhauadatta, the soe emperor of a the Vdydhara kngs."
After hearng ths from the scence, she went wth her mother to Ka'smra
and worshpped 'Sva n a the hoy paces, n Nandkshetra, n Maadevagr,
n Amaraparvata, n the mountans of Sure'svar, and n V|aya,
and Kapat.e'svara. After worshppng the husband of Prvat n these
and other hoy paces, that prncess of the Vdydharas and her mother
returned home.
Know, auspcous youth, that ths s that very maden Aankravat,
and that I am her mother Knchanaprabh. And to-day she came to ths
tempe of 'Sva wthout teng me. Then I, percevng t by the Pra|napt
scence, came here, and I was tod by the same scence that you had come
here aso. So marry ths daughter of mne who has been ordaned your wfe
by the god. And to-morrow arrves the day of her marrage apponted by
her father, so return for ths day, my son, to Kau'smb your own cty. And
we w go hence, but to-morrow the kng Aankra'sa w come from the
grove of ascetcsm, and hmsef gve you ths daughter of hs.
When she sad ths, Aankravat and Naravhanadatta were thrown
nto a strange state of dstracton, for ther eyes were fu of tears, snce
ther hearts coud not bear that they shoud be separated from one another
even for a nght, and they were ke chakravkas when the end of the day
s near. When Knchanaprabh saw them n such a state, she sad:
"Why do you show such a want of sef-restrant because you are to be
separated for one nght. Peope, who possess frmness, endure for a ong
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tme mutua separaton to whch no termnaton s assgned; hear n proof
of ths the tae of Rmabhadra and St."
Story of Rma and St.
Long ago kng Da|'s|aratha, the
soveregn of Ayodhya, had a son,
named Rma, the eder brother of Bharata, |'S|atrughna and Lakshma|n.|a.
He was a parta ncarnaton of Vsh|n.|u for the overthrow of Rva|n.|a,
and he had a wfe named St, the daughter of |anaka, the ady of hs
fe. As fate woud have t, hs father handed over the kngdom to
Bharata, and sent Rma to the forest wth St and Lakshma|n.|a. There
Rva|n.|a carred off hs beoved St by magc, and took her to the cty of
Lank, havng san |a|t.|yus on the way. Then Rma, n hs bereaved state,
made Sugrva hs frend by kng Bn, and by sendng Hanumn to
Lank, obtaned news of hs wfe. And he crossed the sea by budng a
brdge over t, and sew Rva|n.|a, and gave the soveregnty of Lank to
Vbhsha|n.|a and recovered St. Then he returned from the forest, and
whe he was rung hs kngdom, that Bharata had made over to hm, St
became pregnant n Ayodhy. And whe the kng was roamng through
the cty at esure, wth a sma retnue, to observe the actons of hs sub|ects,
he behed a certan man turnng hs wfe, whom he hed by the hand,
out of hs house, and gvng out that her faut was gong to the house of
another man.* And kng Rma heard the wfe sayng to her husband,--"Kng
Rma dd not desert hs wfe, though she dwet n the house
of the Rkshasa; ths feow s superor to hm, for he abandons me for
gong to the house of a reaton." So he went home affcted; and afrad of
the sander of the peope, he abandoned St n the forest; a man of reputaton
prefers the sorrow of separaton to -repute. And St, angud wth
pregnancy, happened to reach the hermtage of Vmk, and that |r.|sh
comforted her, and made her take up her abode there. And the other
hermts there debated among themseves; "Surey ths St s guty,
otherwse how coud her husband have deserted her? So, by behodng her,
everastng pouton w attach to us; but Vmk does not expe her
from the hermtage out of pty, and he neutrazes by means of hs ascetcsm
the pouton produced by behodng her, so come, et us go to some
other hermtage." When Vmk perceved that, he sad; "Brhmans,
you need not have any msgvngs about the matter, I have perceved her
by my medtaton to be chaste. When even then they exhbted ncreduty,
St sad to them; "Reverend srs, test my purty by any means that
you know of, and f I turn out to be unchaste, et me be punshed by
* Ths seems to agree wth the story as tod n the Bhgavata Par|n.|a. For
varous forms of the Rma egend, see the transaton of the Uttara Rma
Charta by
M. Fx Nve.
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havng my head cut off." When the hermts heard that, they experenced
an emoton of pty, and they sad to her, "There s a famous bathng-pace
n ths forest, caed Tthbhasaras, for a certan chaste woman named
Tthbh, beng fasey accused by her husband, who suspected her of famarty
wth another man, n her hepessness nvoked the goddess Earth and
the Lokapas, and they produced t for her |ustfcaton. There et the
wfe of Rma cear hersef for our satsfacton." When they sad that,
St went wth them to that ake. And the chaste woman sad--"Mother
Earth, f my mnd was never fxed even n a dream on any one besdes my
husband, may I reach the other sde of the ake,"--and after sayng ths
she entered the ake, and the goddess Earth appeared, and, takng her n her
ap, carred her to the other sde. Then a the hermts adored that chaste
woman, and enraged at Rma's havng abandoned her, they desred to
curse hm. But St, who was devoted to her husband, dssuaded them,
sayng,--"Do not entertan an nauspcous thought aganst my husband,
I beg you to curse my wcked sef." The hermts, peased wth that conduct
of hers, gave her a bessng whch enabed her to gve brth to a son,
and she, whe dweng there, n good tme dd gve brth to a son, and the
hermt Vmk gave hm the name of Lava.* One day she took the chd
and went to bathe, and the hermt, seeng that t was not n the hut,
thought--"She s n the habt, when she goes to bathe, of eavng her
chd behnd her, so what has become of the chd? Surey t has been
carred off by a wd beast. I w create another, otherwse St, on returnng
from bathng, w de of gref." Under ths mpresson, the hermt
made a pure babe of ku'sa grass, resembng Lava, and paced hm there, and
St came, and seeng t, sad to the hermt, "I have my own boy, so
whence came ths one, hermt?" When the hermt Vmk heard ths, he
tod her exacty what had taken pace, and sad, "Bameess one, receve
ths second son named Ku'sa, because I by my power created hm out of
ku'sa grass." When he sad ths to her, St brought up those two sons
Ku'sa and Lava, for whom Vmk performed the sacraments. And those
two young prnces of the Kshatrya race, even when chdren, earned the use
of a heaveny weapons, and a scences from the hermt Vmk.
And one day they ked a deer beongng to the hermtage, and ate ts
fesh, and made use of a nga, whch Vmk worshpped, as a paythng.
The hermt was offended thereby, but at St's ntercesson he apponted
for those youths the foowng expatory penance: " Let ths Lava go
* The story of Genovesa n Smrock's Deutsehe Voksbchcr, Vo. I, p. 371,
bears
a strkng resembance to that of St. The way n whch Schmerzensrech and
hs
father retre to the forest at the end of the story s qute Indan. In tho Greek
nove
of Hysmnas and Hysmne the nnocence of the herone s tested by tho
fountan of
Dana (Scrptores Erotc, p. 595).
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qucky and brng from the ake of Kuvera goden otuses, and mandra*
fowers from hs garden, then worshp, both of you brothers, ths nga wth
those fowers; n ths way ths crme of those two w be atoned for."
"When Lava heard ths, he went, though a boy, to Kasa, and nvaded that
ake and garden of Kuvera, and after kng the Yakshas, brought back the
otuses and the fowers, and as he was returnng, beng tred, he rested n
the way under a tree. And n the meanwhe Lakshmana came that way,
seekng a man wth auspcous marks for Rma's human sacrfce.* He,
accordng to the custom of Kshatryas, chaenged Lava to fght, and parayzed
hm by the stupefyng weapon, and takng hm prsoner, ed hm to
the cty of Ayodby. And n the meanwhe Vmk comforted St, who
was anxous about the return of Lava, and sad to Ku'sa n hs hermtage,
"Lakshmana has taken prsoner the chd Lava and has carred hm off to
Ayodhy; go and dever hm from Lakshmana, after conquerng hm wth
these weapons." When the sage sad ths, and gave to Ku'sa a heaveny
weapon, he went and wth t attacked and beseged the sacrfca encosure n
Ayodhy, and he conquered n fght Lakshmana, who advanced to repe hm,
by the hep of those heaveny weapons; then Rma advanced to meet hm;
and when he coud not, though exertng hmsef to the utmost, conquer
wth weapons that Ku'sa, owng to the mght of Vmk, he asked hm who
he was, and why he came. Then Ku'sa sad, "Lakshmana has taken my
eder brother prsoner and brought hm here; I have come here to set hm
at berty. We two are Ku'sa and Lava the sons of Rma, ths s what our
mother, the daughter of |anaka, says." Thereupon he tod her story.
Then Rma burst nto tears, and summoned Lava and embraced both, sayng,
"I am that same wcked Rma." Then the ctzens assembed and
prased St, behodng those two heroc youths, and Rma recognsed them
as hs sons. And then he summoned the queen St from the hermtage of
Vmk, and dwet wth her n happness, transferrng to hs sons the
burden of the empre.
"Thus heroc sous endure separaton for so ong a tme, and how can
you fnd t dffcut to endure t for ony one nght?" When Knchanaprabh
had sad ths to her daughter Aankravat, who was eager to be
marred, and to Naravhanadatta, she departed through the ar wth the
* One of the fve trees of Paradse. For the goden otuses, see Chapter XXV.
In Ch. LII -we fnd trees wth trunks of god and eaves and frut of |ewes. A
smar
tree s found n the med|Greek: ae|va romance of kng Aexander. Dunop
compares the
goden vne carred away by Pompey. Lebrecht remarks that there was aso a
goden
vne over the gate of the tempe at |erusaem, and compares the goden otus
made by
the Chnese emperor Tunghwan. He refers aso to Huon of Bordeaux, Ysae e
Trste,
and Grmm's Kndermrchen 130 and 133. (Lebrecht's Dunop, p. 184). See
aso
Mton's Paradse Lost, IV. 220 and 256.
*See page 445.
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ntenton of returnng agan, and took her daughter wth her: and
Naravhanadatta,
for hs part, returned despondent to Kau'smb.
Then, as he eoud not seep at nght, Gomukha sad to hm to amuse
hm--" Prnce, hear ths story of Prthvrpa, whch I w reate to you."
Story of the handsome kng Prthvrpa.
There s n the Dekhan a cty named Pratshthna, n t ved a
very handsome kng, named Prthvrpa. Once on a tme two dscernng
Buddhst hermts came to hm, and seeng that that kng was very handsome,
they sad to hm, " Kng, we have traveed through the word, and we
have nowhere seen a man or woman equa to you n beauty, except the
daughter of kng Rpadhara and queen Hemaat, n the se of Muktpura,
Rpaat by name, and that maden aone s a match for you, and you aone
are a match for her; f you were to be unted n marrage, t woud be
we." Wth these words of the hermt, whch entered by hs ears, the
arrows of Love entered aso and stuck n hs heart. Then kng Prthvrpa,
beng fu of ongng, gave ths order to hs admrabe panter,
Kumrdatta by name; "Take wth you my portrat, accuratey panted
on canvas, and wth theso two mendcants go to the se of Muktpura,
and there shew t by some artfce to the kng Rupadhara and hs daughter
Rpaat. Fnd out f that kng w gve me hs daughter or not, and
take a keness of Rpaat, and brng t back." When the kng had sad
ths, he made the panter take hs keness on canvas, and sent hm wth
the mendcants to that sand. And so the panter and the mendcants set
out, and n course of tme reached a cty named Putrapura on the shore
of the sea. There they embarked on a shp, and gong across the sea, they
reached n fve days that sand of Muktpura. There the panter went
and hed up at the gate of the paace a notce, to the effect that there was
no panter ke hm n the word. When the kng Rpadhara heard of that,
he summoned hm, and the panter entered the paace, and bowng, he sad:
"O kng, though I have traveed a over the earth, I have never seen my
match as a panter, so te me, whom I am to pant of gods, mortas, and
Asuras."
When the kng heard that, he summoned hs daughter Rpaat nto hs
presence,
and gave hm the foowng order: "Make a portrat of ths daughter
of mne, and shew t me." Then the panter Kumrdatta made a portrat
of the prncess on canvas and shewed t, and t was exacty ke the orgna.
Then kng Rpadhara was peased, and thnkng hm cever, he asked that
panter, n hs desre to obtan a son-n-aw, "My good feow, you have traveed
over the earth: so te me f you have anywhere seen a woman or a man
equa to my daughter n beauty." When the kng sad ths, the panter answered
hm, "I have nowhere n the word seen a woman or a man equa to her,
except a kng n Pratshthna, named Prthvrpa, who s a match for her;
f she were marred to hm, t woud be we. Snce he has not found a
-----Fe: 502.png---------------------------------------------------------
prncess equa n beauty, he remans though n hs fresh youth, wthout
a wfe. And I, your ma|esty, havng behed that kng, dear to the eyes,
took a fathfu keness of hm, out of admraton of hs beauty." When
the kng heard that, he sad: "Have you that portrat wth you?" And
the panter sad, " I have," and showed the portrat. Thereupon the kng
Rpadhara, behodng the beauty of that kng Prthvdhar, found hs
head whr round wth astonshment. And he sad, "Fortunate are we to
have behed that kng even n a pcture; I fectate those who behod hm
n the fesh. When Rpaat heard ths speech of her father's, and saw
the kng n the pcture, she was fu of ongng, and coud nether hear nor
see anythng ese. Then the kng Rpadhara, seeng that hs daughter
was dstracted wth ove, sad to that panter Kumrdatta, "Your pctures
exacty correspond to the orgna, so that kng Prthvrpa must be an
approprate husband for my daughter. So take ths portrat of my
daughter, and set off mmedatey, and shew my daughter to kng Prthvrpa;
and te the whoe ncdent as t took pace, and f he peases, et
hm come here qucky, to marry her." Thus the kng spake, and honoured
the panter wth gfts, and sent hm off wth hs ambassador, n the
company of the mendcants.
The panter, the ambassador, and the mendcants crossed the sea, and
a reached the court of Prthvrpa n Pratshthna. There they gave the
present to that kng, and tod hm the whoe transacton, as t took pace,
and the message of Rpadhara. And then that panter Kumrdatta
shewed to that kng hs beoved Rupaat n a pantng. As the kng
gazed,* hs eye was drowned n that sea of beauty her person, so that he
coud not draw t out agan. For the kng, whose ongng was excessve,
coud not be satsfed wth devourng her form, whch poured forth a stream
of the nectar of beauty, as the partrdge cannot be satsfed wth devourng
the moonght. And he sad to the panter, "My frend, worthy of prase
s the Creator who made ths beauty, and yoursef who coped t. So I
accept the proposa of kng Rpadhara; I w go to the sand of Muktpura
and marry hs daughter." After sayng ths, the kng honoured the
panter, the ambassador, and the hermts, and remaned ookng at the
pcture.
And affcted wth the sorrow of absence, the kng spent that day n
gardens and other paces, and set out the next day on hs expedton, after
ascertanng a favourabe moment. And the kng mounted the great
?? Cp. the story of Seyf u Muk n the Persan Taes, and the Bahar-Danush, c.
35 (Dunop, Vo. II, p. 208, Lebrecht's transaton, p. 335) see aso Dunop's
remarks
upon the Poexandre of Gomberve. In ths romance Abdemeec, son of the
emperor of
Morocco, fus n ove wth Aedana by seeng her portrat (Vo. II, p. 276,
Lohrecht's
transaton, p 372.) A smar ncdent s found n the romanco of Agesaus of
Cochos,
(Lubrocht's Uunop, p. 157.)
-----Fe: 503.png---------------------------------------------------------
eepant Mangaaghata, and proceeded on hs way wth many horses and
eephants, wth chefs and R|pts, and wth the panter and the hermts,
together wth the ambassador of Rpadhara, and n a few days he reached
the entrance of the Vndhya forest, and encamped there n the evenng.
The next day, the kng Prthvrpa mounted an eephant named 'Satrumardana,
and gong on entered that forest. And as he was sowy proceedng,
he behed hs army, whch was marchng n front of hm, suddeny feeng.
And whe he was perpexed as to what t coud mean, a R|pt named
Nrbhaya, mounted on an eephant, came up and sad to hm, "Kng, a very
arge army of Bhas attacked us n front there; n the fght that ensued
those Bhas sew wth ther arrows |ust ffty of our eephants, and a
thousand of our footmen, and three hundred horses; but our troops ad
ow two thousand Bhas, so that for every snge corpse seen n our host
two were seen n thers. Then our forces were routed, gaed wth ther
arrows, whch resembe thunderbots." When the kng heard that, he
was angry, and advancng he sew the army of the Bhas, as Ar|una sew
that of the Kauravas. Then the other bandts were san by Nrbhaya and
hs comrades,* and the kng cut off wth one crescent-headed arrow the head
of the commander of the Bhas. The kng's eephant 'Satrumardana,
wth the bood fowng from arrow-wounds, resembed a mountan of coyrum
pourng forth streams cooured wth cnnabar. Then hs whoe army,
that had been dspersed, returned, fndng themseves vctorous, and those
Bhas, that had escaped saughter, fed n a drectons. And the kng
Prthvrpa, havng brought the fght to an end, had hs mght extoed by
the ambassador of Rpadhara, and beng vctorous, encamped n that very
forest dstrct, on the bank of a ake, to recrut the strength of hs wounded
troops.
And n the mornng the kng set out thence, and sowy advancng he
reached that cty of Putrapura on the shore of the sea. There he rested
for a day, beng entertaned n becomng fashon by the kng of that pace,
named Udracharta. And he crossed the sea n shps supped by hm,
and n eght days reached the se of Muktpura.
And the kng Rpadhara, hearng of t, came to meet hm deghted,
and the two kngs met and embraced one another. Then the kng Prthvrpa
entered hs cty wth hm, beng, so to speak, drunk n by the eyes
of the ades of the cty. Then the queen Hemaat and the kng
Rpadhara, seeng that he was a sutabe husband for ther daughter,
re|oced. And that kng Prthvrpa remaned there, and Rpadhara
honoured hm wth entertanment n accordance wth hs own magnfcence.
And the next day, the ong-desrng Rpaat ascended the atar n an
* For the vdruteshu of Brockhaus's edton I read nhaeshu, whch I fnd n tha
Sanskrt Coege MS.
-----Fe: 504.png---------------------------------------------------------
auspcous moment, and he wth exutaton receved her hand n marrage.
And when they behed one another's beauty, the expanded eye of each was
extended to the ear, as f to nform that organ that the report t had
heard before was true. When the parched gran was thrown, Rpadhara
gave |ewes n such abundance to the happy coupe, that men thought he
was a perfect mne of |ewes. And after hs daughter's marrage had taken
pace, he honoured the panter and the two mendcants wth dresses and
ornaments, and bestowed gfts on a the others. Then that kng Prthvrpa,
remanng n that cty wth hs attendants, en|oyed the best meat and
drnk the se coud produce. The day was spent n sngng and dancng,
and at nght the eager kng entered the prvate apartments of Rpaat, n
whch |eweed couches were spread, whch was adorned wth |eweed
pavement,
the crcut of whch was propped on |eweed pars, and whch was
t up wth |ewe-amps. And n the mornng he was woke up by the bards
and herads rectng, and he rose up and remaned as the moon n heaven.
Thus kng Prthvrpa remaned ten days n that sand, amusng
hmsef wth ever-fresh en|oyments furnshed by hs father-n-aw. On the
eeventh day, the kng, wth the consent of the astroogers, set out wth
Rpaat, after the auspcous ceremony had been performed for hm. And
he was escorted by hs father-n-aw as far as the shore of the sea, and
accompaned by hs retaners, he embarked on the shps wth hs wfe. He
crossed the sea n eght days, and hs army, that was encamped on the
shore, |oned hm, and the kng Udracharta eame to meet hm, and then
he went to Putrapura. There kng Prthvrpa rested some days, and was
entertaned by that kng, and then he set out from that pace. And he
mounted hs beoved Rpaat on the eephant |ayamangaa, and he hmsef
mounted an eephant named Kaynagr. And the kng, proceedng
by contnua stages, n due course reached hs good cty of Pratshthna,
where fags and banners were wavng. Then, after behodng Rpaat,
the ades of the cty ost at once a prde n ther own beauty, and gazed
on her wth eyes unwnkng from wonder. Then kng Prthvrpa entered
hs paace, makng hgh festva, and he gave to that panter vages and
weath, and he honoured those two hermts wth weath as they deserved,
and gave compmentary presents to the chefs, mnsters and R|pts.
Then that kng, havng attaned hs ob|ect, en|oyed there ths word's
happness n the socety of Rpaat.
After the mnster Gomukha had tod Naravhanadatta ths tae wth
the ob|ect of amusng hm, he went on to say to the mpatent prnce,--
"Thus the resoute endure panfu separaton for a ong tme, but how s t
that you cannot endure t even for one nght, O kng? For to-morrow
your Hghness sha marry Aankravat." When Gomukha had sad ths,
Marubhut the son of Yaugandharyana came up at that nstant, and sad,
-----Fe: 505.png---------------------------------------------------------
"What stuff w you not prate, beng ungaed, and never havng fet the
agony of ove? A man possesses frmness and dscernment and moraty,
ony so ong as he does not come wthn the range of the arrows of Love.
Happy n the word are Sarasvat, Skanda, and Buddha, these three, who
have brushed off and fung away ove, ke a bade of grass cngng to the
skrt of the robe." When Marubht sad ths, Naravhanadatta, percevng
that Gomukha was dstressed, sad n order to comfort hm,--"What
Gomukha sad to me was approprate, and t was sad to amuse me, for
what ovng frend exuts over one n the agony of separaton? One affcted
by the pan of separaton shoud be comforted by hs frends to the best of
ther abty, and the seque shoud be eft to the dsposa of the fve-arrowed
god." Takng n ths stye, and hearng varous taes from hs attendants,
Naravhanadatta somehow managed to get through that nght. And when
mornng came, he rose up and performed hs necessary dutes, and saw
Knchanaprabh, descendng from heaven, accompaned by her husband
Aankra'sa, and her son Dharma'sa, and that Aankravat her daughter;
and they a descended from the charot and came near hm, and he wecomed
them as was fttng, and they sauted hm n ke manner. And n
the meanwhe thousands of other Vdydharas descended from heaven,
carryng oads of god, |ewes, and other vauabes; and after hearng of
ths occurrence, the kng of Vatsa came there wth hs mnsters and hs
queens, deghted at the advancement of hs son. After the kng of Vatsa
had performed the rtes of hosptaty duy, the kng Aankra'sa sad to
hm, bowng gracousy,--"Kng, ths s my daughter Aankravat, and
when she was born, she was decared by a voce, that came from heaven, to
be destned to be the wfe of ths thy son Naravhanadatta, the future
emperor of a the Vdydhara kngs. So I w gve her to hm, for ths
s a favourabe moment for them; for ths reason I have come here wth
a these." The kng of Vatsa wecomed that speech of the Vdydhara
soveregn's, sayng, "It s a great favour that you do me." Then the ruer
of the Vdydharas sprnked wth water, produced n the hoow of hs hand
by vrtue of hs scence, the ground of the courtyard. Immedatey there was
produced there an atar of god, covered wth a heaveny coth, and a pavon,
not made wth hands, for the premnary ceremony, composed of varous
|ewes. Then the successfu kng Aankra'sa sad to Naravhanadatta--
up, the favourabe moment has arrved--bathe." After he had bathed,
and had the marrage-thread put on, the kng Aankra'sa, beng deghted,
gave hm wth a hs heart hs daughter, after brngng her to the atar n her
brda dress. And when the gran was thrown nto the fre, he and hs
son gave to hs daughter thousands of oads of |ewes, god, garments and
ornaments, and heaveny nymphs. And after the marrage was over, he
-----Fe: 506.png---------------------------------------------------------
honoured them a, and then took hs eave of them, and wth hs wfe and
son departed, as he came, through the ar. Then the kng of Vatsa, seeng
hs son destned to advancement, beng honoured by the bendng kngs of
the Vdydharas, was deghted, and proonged that feast to a great ength.
And Naravhanadatta, havng obtaned Aankravat, charmng on account
of her good conduct, and of nobe vrtues, ke a skfu poet who has
obtaned a stye, charmng on account of ts exceent metre, and of spendd
merts, remaned deghted wth her.*
CHAPTER LII.
Then Naravhanadatta, the son of the kng of Vatsa, beng unted to
Aankravat hs new wfe, remaned n the house of hs father, peased
wth the heaveny dancng and sngng of her mads, and en|oyng banquets
wth hs mnsters.
And one day hs mother-n-aw Knchanaprabh, the mother of
Aankravat, came to hm and sad, after he had hosptaby entertaned
her--"Come to our paace, behod that cty of Sundarapura, and take
your deght n ts gardens wth Aankravat." "When he heard ths, he
consented, and he nformed hs father, and by hs advce took Vasantaka
wth hm, and wth hs wfe and hs mnster, he ascended a spendd charot
created by hs mother-n-aw by her scence, and set out through the ar,
and whe n the charot, he ooked down from heaven, and behed the earth
of the sze of a mound, and the seas sma as dtches, and n due course he
reached the Hmaayas wth hs mother-n-aw, wfe, and attendants, and t
resounded wth the songs of the Knnars, and was adorned wth the companes
of heaveny nymphs. There he saw a great many wonderfu sghts,
and then he reached the cty of Sundarapura. It was adorned wth many
paaces of god and |ewes, and, thus, though t was on the Hmayas, t
made the behoder suppose that he was ookng on the peaks of mount
Meru.* And he descended from the heaven, and gettng out of the car-*
*An eaborato pun. Raska aso means "fu of (poetca) favour."
*Dm tradtons of ths mountan seem to have penetrated to Greece and Rome.
Arstophanes (Acharnans v. 82) speaks of the kng of Persa as engaged for 8
months
|?|. Cark tes us that Berger quotes Pautus, Stchus 24, Neque e
mercat Persarum sb montes qu esse perhbentur aurc. (Phoogca |ourna,
VIII.
p. 192.) See aso Tcr. Phormo , 2, 18, Pers. III, 65. Naravhanadatt's |ourney
through the ar may remnd the reader of the ar-voyage of Aexander n tho
Pseudo-Casthenes,
II, 41. He sees a serpent beow hm, and a |?| n the mdde of t.
A dvne beng, whom he meets, tes hm, that these ob|ects are the earth and
the sea.
-----Fe: 507.png---------------------------------------------------------
*rage entered that cty, whch, as t were, danced wth the wavng sk of ts
banners, n ts |oy at havng once more a kng. And he entered that
paace, wth the auspcous ceremony performed for hm by hs mother-n-aw,
accompaned by Aa|.n|kravat, and wth hs favourtes and Vasantaka.
There the fortunate prnce spent the day n hs father-n-aw's paace, n
en|oyments whch were provded for hm by the power of hs mother-n-aw.
And on the next day hs mother-n-aw Knchanaprabh sad to hm; "There
s n ths cty an mage of the hoy sef-exstent husband of Um.|*| He, f
vsted and worshpped, gves en|oyment and even savaton. Around t the
father of Aa|.n|kravat made a great garden, and brought down to t a hoy
water, rghty named the Ganges-poo: go there to-day to worshp the god
and to amuse yourseves." When hs mother-n-aw sad ths to hm,
Naravhanadatta,
accompaned by hs wfe Aa|.n|kravat, and foowed by hs
attendants, went to that garden of |'S|va. It ooked ovey wth ts goden-
trunked
trees, whch were charmng wth ther branches of |ewes, the cear
whte fowers of whch were custers of pears, and the shoots of whch were
cora.|*| There he bathed n the Ganges-poo and worshpped |'S|va, and
wandered round the tanks that were adorned wth adders of |ewes and otuses
of god. And, accompaned by hs attendants, he amused hmsef wth
Aa|.n|kravat on ther charmng banks, and n bowers of the wsh-grantng
creeper. And n those he deghted hs sou wth heaveny banquets and
concerts, and amusng |okes caused by the smpcty of Marubht. And so
Naravhanadatta dwet a month there, amusng hmsef n gardens, thanks
to the resources of hs mother-n-aw. Then that Knchanaprabh bestowed
on hm, hs wfe, and hs mnsters, garments and ornaments ft for gods,
and wth hs mother-n-aw and hs attendants, he returned n that same
charot to Kau|'s|mb, accompaned by hs wfe, and he gaddened the eyes
of hs parents.
There Aa|.n|kravat was thus addressed by her mother n the presence
of the kng of Vatsa; "You must never by |eaous anger make your
husband unhappy, for the frut of that faut, my daughter, s separaton
that causes great affcton. Because I was |eaous n od tme and affcted
my husband, I am now consumed wth remorse, as he has gone to the forest."
After sayng ths, she embraced her daughter wth eyes bnded wth tears,
and fyng up nto the ar went to her own cty.
Then, that day havng come to an end, the next mornng Naravhanadatta,
havng performed the approprate dutes, was sttng wth hs
mnsters, when a woman rushed nto the presence of Aankravat and
sad--"Oueen, I am a woman n the utmost terror, protect me, protect me!
For there s a Brhman come to say me, and he s standng outsde;
through fear of hm I have fed and come n here to mpore protecton."
* I. e. |'S|va. * See note on page 488.
-----Fe: 508.png---------------------------------------------------------
The queen sad, "Do not fear. Te your tae. Who s he? Why does
he wsh to say you?" When thus questoned, the woman began to say:--
Story of A|'s|okam.
My soveregn, I am the daughter
of a Kshatrya n ths cty, named
Baasena, and my name s A|'s|okam. When I was a vrgn, I was
demanded from my father by a rch Brhman named Ha|t.|ha|'s|arman, who
was captvated by my beauty. And I sad to my father; "I do not ke
ths ugy grm-vsaged man for a husband; f you gve me to hm, I w
not reman n hs house." Though Ha|t.|ha|'s|arman heard that, he sat n
dharna at the door of my father's house, unt he gave me to hm, beng
afrad of causng the death of a Brhman. Then the Brhman marred
me and carred me off reuctant, and I deserted hm, and fed to another man,
the son of a Kshatrya. But that Ha|t.|ha|'s|arman managed to crush hm
by the power of hs weath, and then I went to another Kshatrya, who
was we off. Then ths Brhman went at nght and set hs house on fre.
Then he abandoned me, and I went to a thrd Kshatrya, and ths Brhman
burnt hs house aso at nght. Then I was abandoned by hm aso, and
I became a fugtve, fyng n terror, as the sheep fes from the |acka,
from that Ha|t.|ha|'s|arman, who wshes to say me, and foows me step by
step.
In ths very cty I entered the servce of the mghty Vra|'s|arman your
servant, a R|put who protects the hepess. When the wcked
Ha|t.|ha|'s|arman
found that out, he was mserabe at havng no hope of recoverng
me, and beng affcted wth separaton, he was reduced to skn and bone. But
the R|put Vra|'s|arman, when dsposed to mprson hm for my protecton,
was prevented by me, O queen. To-day t chanced that I went outsde
the house, and Ha|t.|ha|'s|arman, seeng me, drew hs sword and rushed on me
to k me, but I thereupon fed here, and the femae warder, meted wth
compasson, opened the door and et me enter, but he, I know, s watng
for me outsde.
When she sad ths, the kng had the Brhman Ha|t.|ha|'s|arman summoned
nto hs presence; he ooked at A|'s|okam wth an eye nfamed
wth anger, hs form was dstorted, he hed a sword n hs hand, and the
|onts of hs mbs trembed wth rage. The kng sad to hm, "Wcked
Brhman, do you try to k a woman, and for her sake set on fre your
neghbours' houses? Why are you so wcked?" When the Brhman
heard that, he sad, "She s my awfu wfe. She has eft my protecton
and gone esewhere, how coud I endure that?" When he sad ths,
A|'s|okam, n dstress, excamed, "O guardans of the word, te me ths;
dd he not n your presence marry me and carry me off by force aganst
my own w? And dd I not say at the tme, 'I w not dwe n hs
house?'" When she sad ths, a heaveny voce sad, "The statement
of A|'s|okam s true. But she s not a woman; hear the truth about her.
-----Fe: 509.png---------------------------------------------------------
there s a heroc kng of the Vdydharas named A|'s|okakara. He had no
sons, and once on a tme t happened that a daughter was born to hm, and
she grew up n the house of her father, under the name of A|'s|okama.
And when she arrved at an adut age, and he, desrng to perpetuate hs
race, offered her n marrage, she woud not take any husband, through
exceedng prde n her own beauty. For that reason her father, vexed wth
her obstnacy, denounced ths curse on her; 'Become a morta, and n that
state thou shat have the same name. And an ugy Brhman sha marry
thee by force; thou shat abandon hm, and n thy fear resort to three
husbands n successon. Even then he sha persecute thee, and thou
shat take refuge wth a mghty Kshatrya as hs save, but even then the
Brhman sha not desst from persecutng thee. And he sha see thee,
and run after thee, wth the ob|ect of kng thee, but thou shat escape,
and enterng the kng's paace, shat be devered from ths curse.'
Accordngy that very Vdydhar, A|'s|okam, who was n od tme
cursed by her father, has now been born as a woman under the same
name. And ths apponted end of her curse has now arrved. She sha
now repar to her Vdydhara home, and enter her own body whch s there.
There she, rememberng her curse, sha ve happy wth a Vdydhara
prnce, named Abhruchta, who sha become her husband." When the
heaveny voce had sad ths, t ceased, and mmedatey that A|'s|okam
fe dead on the ground. But the kng and Aankravat, when they saw
that, had ther eyes suffused wth tears, and so had ther courters. But n
Ha|t.|ha|'s|arman gref overpowered anger, and he wept, bnded wth passon.
Then hs eyes suddeny became expanded wth |oy. A of them thereupon
sad to hm,--"What does ths mean?" Then that Brhman sad, "I
remember my former brth, and I w gve an account of t, sten."
Story of Sthabhu|a.
On the Hmayas there s a
spendd cty, named Madanapura;
n t dwet a Vdydhara prnce, named Praambabhu|a. He had born to
hm, my ord, a son named Sthabhu|a, and he n course of tme became a
handsome prnce n the fower of youth. Then a kng of the Vdydharas
named Surabhvatsa, came wth hs daughter to the paace of that kng
Praambabhu|a, and sad to hm: "I gve ths daughter of mne, caed
Surabhdatt, to your son Sthabhu|a; et the accompshed youth marry
her now." When Praambabhu|a heard ths, he approved t, and summonng
hs son, he communcated the matter to hm. Then hs son Sthabhu|a,
out of prde n hs beauty, sad to hm, " I w not marry her, my
father, for she s not a frst-cass beauty." Hs father thereupon sad to
hm, "What does her panness matter? For she s of hgh neage and
must he honoured on that account, and her father offered her to me for
you, and I have accepted her, so do not refuse." Athough Sthabhu|a
-----Fe: 510.png---------------------------------------------------------
was thus entreated a second tme by hs father, he woud not consent to
marry her. Then hs father, n hs anger, denounced aganst hm the foowng
curse--"On account of ths your prde n your good ooks, be born as a
man, and n that state you sha be ugy and wth a arge mouth. And
you sha acqure by force a wfe named A|'s|okam, aso faen by a curse,
and she, not kng you, sha eave you, and you sha experence the gref
of separaton. And as she sha be attached to another, you sha commt
for her sake arson and other crmes, beng maddened wth passon and
emacated wth gref." When Praambabhu|a had uttered ths curse, that
vrtuous Surabhdatt cung to hs feet, weepng, and entreated hm,
"Pronounce a curse on me aso, et our ot be the same, et not my husband
aone suffer caamty owng to my faut." When she sad ths, Praambabhu|a
was peased, and, n order to comfort that vrtuous woman, he apponted
for her ths end to hs son's curse: "Whenever A|'s|okam sha be
reeased from her curse, then he sha remember hs brth and be reeased
from ths curse, and he sha regan hs own body, and rememberng hs
curse, he sha be free from prde, and soon marry you; then he sha ve
wth you n happness." When the vrtuous woman was thus addressed
by hm, she managed to recover her sef-composure.
"Know that I am that very Sthabhu|a, faen here by a curse,
and I have experenced ths great gref owng to the faut of prde. How
can proud men have happness n a prevous or n a present state of exstence?
And that curse of mne s now at an end." After sayng ths,
Ha|t.|ha|'s|arman abandoned that body, and became a Vdydhara youth. And
he took by the mght of hs scence the body of A|'s|okam, and fung t,
wthout ts beng seen, nto the Ganges, out of compasson. And he
sprnked mmedatey the chamber of Ankravat a round wth water
of the Ganges, brought by the mght of hs scence, and after bendng
before Naravhanadatta, hs future ord, he few up nto the heaven to hs
destned prosperty.
A beng astonshed, Gomukha tod ths story of Anangarat, whch
was approprate to the ncdent--
Story of Anangarat and her four sutors.
There s on the earth a cty,
rghty named |'S|rapura,|*| and n t
there ved a kng named Mahvarha, the destroyer of hs foes. That
kng had a daughter named Anangarat, born to hm by hs wfe Padmarat,
owng to hs havng proptated Gaur, and he had no other chdren. And
n course of tme she attaned womanhood, and proud of her beauty, she dd
not wsh to have any husband, though kngs asked her n marrage. But
she sad decdedy; "I must be gven to a man who s brave and handsome,
and knows some one spendd accompshment.
* . e. cty of heroes. See Cunnngham's Ancent Geography of Inda, p. 99.
-----Fe: 511.png---------------------------------------------------------
Then there came from the Dekhan four heroes, who, havng heard
tdngs of her, were eager to obtan her, and they were furnshed wth the
quates whch she desred. They were announced by the warder and
ntroduced, and then kng Mahvarha asked them n the presence of
Anangarat; "What are your names? what s your descent, and what do
you know?" When they heard ths speech of the kng's, one of them
sad-- I am Panchaphu|t.||t.|ka by name, a |'S|dra; I possess a pecuar
taent; I weave every day fve pars of garments, one of them I gve to a
Brhman, and the second I offer to |'S|va, and the thrd I wear mysef, and
as for the fourth, f I had a wfe, I woud gve t to her, and the ffth I
se, and ve upon the proceeds." Then the second sad, "I am a Va|'s|ya
named Bhsh|na; I know the anguage of a beasts and brds.|*|
Then the thrd sad, "I am a Kshatrya named Kha|d.|gadhara, and no
one surpasses me n fghtng wth the sword." And the fourth sad, "I
am an exceent Brhman named |vadatta: by means of the scences
whch I possess by the favour of Gaur, I can rase to fe a dead woman."|*|
When they had thus spoken, the |'S|udra, the Va|'s|ya, and the Kshatrya
one after another prased ther own beauty, courage and mght, but the
Brhman prased hs mght and vaour, and sad nothng about hs
beauty.
Then kng Mahvarha sad to hs door-keeper--"Take a these now
and make them rest n your house." The door-keeper, when he heard the
order, took them to hs house. Then the kng sad to hs daughter Anangarat,
"My daughter, whch of these four heroes do you prefer?" When
* Cp. the propertes of the magc rng gven to Canace n the Squre's tae, and
Grmm's story of "De dre Sprachen," (No. 33, Kndermrchen). See aso Tyor's
Prmtve Cuture, Vo. I, pp. 18, 423. In the Edda, Sgurd earns to understand
the
anguage of brds by tastng the bood of Fafner. For other paraes see
Lebrecht's
Dunop, p. 184, and note 248.
* Cp. the 77th chapter of ths work, the second n the Veta Panchavn|'s|at,
and
Raston's exhaustve note, n hs Russan Fok-taes, pp. 231, 232, 233. Cp. aso
Bernhard
Schmdt's Grechsche Mrchen, p. 114, and Bartsch's Sagen, Mrchen, und
Gebrucheaus|**P1 Gebruche aus|
Mekenburg, Vo. I, p. 486. The Pseudo-Casthenes (Book II, c. 40) mentons
a fountan that restored to fe a sat fsh, and made one of Aexander's
daughters
mmorta. Ths s perhaps the passage that was n Dunop's mnd, when he sad
(page
129 of Lebrecht's transaton) that such a fountan s descrbed n the Greek
romance
of Ismenas and Ismene, for whch Lebrecht takes hm to task. See the paraes
quoted by Dunop and Lebrecht. Wheeer, n hs Noted Names of Fcton, tes
us
that there was a tradton current among the natves of Puerto Rco, that such a
fountan exsted n the fabuous sand of Bmn, sad to beong to the Bahama
group.
Ths was an ob|ect of eager and ong-contnued quest to the ceebrated Spansh
navgator,
|uan Ponce de Leon. By Ismenas and Ismene Dunop probaby means
Hysmnas and Hysmne. See aso Brnger, Aus Schwaben, p. 185.
-----Fe: 512.png---------------------------------------------------------
Anangarat heard that, she sad to her father; "Father, I do not ke
any one of the four; the frst s a |'S|dra and a weaver, what s the use of
hs good quates? The second s a Va|'s|ya, and what s the use of hs
knowng the anguage of catte, and so on? How can I gve mysef to
them, when I am a Kshatrya woman? The thrd ndeed s a mertorous
Kshatrya, equa to me n brth, but be s a poor man and ves by servce,
seng hs fe. As I am the daughter of a kng, how can I become hs
wfe? The fourth, the Brhman |vadatta, I do not ke; he s ugy and
s addcted to unawfu arts, and, as he has deserted the Vedas, he has
faen from hs hgh poston. You ought to punsh hm, why do you
offer to gve me to hm? For you, my father, beng a kng, are the
uphoder of the castes and the varous stages of fe. And a kng, who
s a hero n uphodng regon, s preferred to a kng, who s ony a hero
wth the sword. A hero n regon w be the ord of a thousand heroes
wth the sword." When hs daughter had sad ths, the kng dsmssed her
to her own prvate apartments, and rose up to bathe and perform hs other
dutes.
And the next day, the four heroes went out from the house of the
door-keeper, and roamed about n the town out of curosty. And at that
very tme a vcous eephant, named Padmakabaa, broke hs fastenng, and
n hs fury rushed out from the eephant-stabe, trampng down the ctzens.
And that great eephant, when he saw the four heroes, rushed towards them
to say them, and they too advanced towards hm wth upfted weapons.
Then the one Kshatrya among them, named Kha|d.|gadhara, puttng asde
the other three, aone attacked that eephant. And he cut off wth one
bow the protended trunk of that roarng eephant, wth as much ease as
f t had been a otus-stak. And after showng hs agty by escapng
between hs feet, he devered a second bow on the back of that eephant.
And wth the thrd he cut off both hs feet. Then that eephant gave a
groan and fe down and ded. A the peope were astonshed when they
behed that vaour of hs, and kng Mahvarha was aso amazed when
he heard of t.
The next day, the kng went out to hunt, mounted on an eephant, and
the four heroes, wth Kha|d.|gadhara at ther head, accompaned hm. There
the kng wth hs army sew tgers, deer, and boars, and the ons rushed
out upon hm n anger, hearng the trumpetng of the eephants. Then
that Kha|d.|gadhara ceft n twan, wth one bow of hs sharp sword, the
frst on that attacked them, and the second he sezed wth hs eft hand
by the foot, and dashng t on the earth, deprved t of fe. And n the
same way Bhsh|na, and |vadatta, and Panchaphu|t.||t.|ka, each dashed a
on to peces on the earth. Thus n turn those heroes ked on foot
many tgers, and ons, and other anmas, wth ease, before the eyes of the
-----Fe: 513.png---------------------------------------------------------
kng. Then that kng, beng peased and astonshed, after he had fnshed
hs huntng, entered hs cty, and those heroes went to the house of the
door-keeper. And the kng entered the harem, and though tred, had hs
daughter Anangarat qucky summoned. And after descrbng the vaour
of those heroes, one by one, as he had seen t n the chase, he sad to her
who was much astonshed--"Even f Panchaphu|t.||t.|ka and Bhsh|na are
of nferor caste, and |vadatta, though a Brhman, s ugy and addcted to
forbdden practces, what faut s there n the Kshatrya Kha|d.|gadhara,
who s handsome, and of nobe stature, and s dstngushed for strength and
vaour; who sew such an eephant, and who takes ons by the foot and
crushes them on the ground, and says others wth the sword? And f t s
made a ground of reproach aganst hm that he s poor and a servant, I w
mmedatey make hm a ord to be served by others: so choose hm for a
husband, f you pease, my daughter." When Anangarat heard ths from
her father, she sad to hm--"We then, brng a those men here, and ask
the astrooger, and et us see what he says." When she sad ths to hm,
the kng summoned those heroes, and n ther presence he, accompaned by
hs wves, sad to the astrooger wth hs own mouth: "Fnd out wth
whch of these Anangarat has conformty of horoscope, and when a
favourabe moment w arrve for her marrage." When the skfu astrooger
heard that, he asked the stars under whch they were born, and after
ong consderng the tme, he sad to that kng--"If you w not be angry
wth me, kng, I w te you pany. Your daughter has no conformty
of ot wth any one of them. And she w not be marred on earth, for
she s a Ydydhar faen by a curse; that curse of hers w be at an end
n three months. So et these wat here three months, and f she s not
gone to her own word then, the marrage sha take pace." A those
heroes accepted the advce of that astrooger, and remaned there for three
months.
When three months had passed, the kng summoned nto hs presence
those heroes, and that astrooger, and Anangarat. And the kng, when he
saw that hs daughter had suddeny become exceedngy beautfu, re|oced,
but the astrooger thought that the hour of her death had arrved. And
whe the kng was sayng to the astrooger--"Now te me what t s
proper to do, for those three months are gone," Anangarat caed to mnd
her former brth, and coverng her face wth her garment, she abandoned
that human body. The kng thought--"Why has she put hersef n ths
poston?" But when he hmsef uncovered her face, he saw that she was
dead, ke a frost-smtten otus-pant, for her eyes ke bees had ceased to
revove, the otus-fower of her face was pae, and the sweet sound of her
voce had ceased, even as the sound of the swans departs. Then the kng
suddeny fe to earth motoness, smtten by the thunderbot of gref for
-----Fe: 514.png---------------------------------------------------------
her, crushed by the extncton of hs race.|*| And the queen Padmarat
aso fe down to the earth n a swoon, and wth her ornaments faen from
her ke fowers, appeared ke a custer of bossoms broken by an eephant.
The attendants rased cres of amentaton, and those heroes were fu
of gref, but the kng, mmedatey recoverng conscousness, sad to that
|vadatta, "In ths matter those others have no power, but now t s your
opportunty; you boasted that you coud rase to fe a dead woman; f
you possess power by means of scence, then reca my daughter to fe;
I w gve her, when restored to fe, to you as beng a Brhman." When
|vadatta heard ths speech of the kng's, he sprnked that prncess wth
water, over whch charms had been sad, and chanted ths |'A|ry verse:
"O thou of the oud augh, adorned wth a garand of skus, not to be
gazed on, Chmu|n.||d.|, the terrbe goddess, assst me qucky." When, n
spte of ths effort of |vadatta's, that maden was not restored to fe, he
was despondent, and sad--"My scence, though bestowed by the goddess
that dwes n the Vndhya range, has proved frutess, so what s the use
to me of my fe that has become an ob|ect of scorn? "When he had sad
ths, he was preparng to cut off hs head wth a great sword, when a voce
came from the sky--"O |vadatta, do not act rashy, sten now. Ths
nobe Vdhydhara maden, named Anangaprabh, has been for so ong a
tme a morta owng to the curse of her parents. She has now qutted ths
human body, and has gone to her own word, and taken her own body. So
go and proptate agan the goddess that dwes n the Vndhya hs, and by
her favour you sha recover ths nobe Vdydhara maden. But as she s
en|oyng heaveny bss, nether you nor the kng ought to mourn for her."
When the heaveny voce had tod ths true tae, t ceased. Then the kng
performed hs daughter's rtes, and he and hs wfe ceased to mourn for her,
and those other three heroes returned as they had come.
But hope was knded n the breast of |vadatta, and he went and
proptated wth austertes the dweer n the Vndhya hs, and she sad
to hm n a dream:
"I am satsfed wth thee, so rse up and sten to ths that I am about
to te thee."
Story of Anangarat n a former brth
when she was a Vdydhar named Anangaprabh.
There s a cty on the Hmayas
named Vrapura; and n t there dwes
a soveregn of Vdydharas named
Samara. He had a daughter, named Anangaprabh, born to hm by hs
queen Anangavat. When, n the prde of her youth and beauty, she refused
to have any husband, her parents, enraged at her persstence, cursed her--*
* Here there s an eaborate pun. "Kng" may aso mean "mountan," "race"
may mean "wngs," and the whoe passage refers to Indra's cppng the wngs
of the
mountans.
-----Fe: 515.png---------------------------------------------------------
"Become a human beng, and even n that state you sha not en|oy the
happness of marred fe. When you are a maden of sxteen years, you sha
abandon the body and come here. But an ugy morta, who has become such
by a curse, on account of hs fang n ove wth the daughter of a hermt,
and who possesses a magc sword, sha then become your husband, and he
sha
carry you off aganst your w to the word of mortas. There you, beng
unchaste, sha be separated from your husband. Because that husband n a
former fe carred off the wves of eght other men, he sha endure sorrow
enough for eght brths. And you, havng become a morta by the oss of
your supernatura scence, sha endure n that one brth the sufferngs of
eght brths.|*| For to every one the assocaton wth the ev gves an ev
ot, but to women the unon wth an ev husband s equvaent to ev.
And havng ost your memory of the past, you sha there take many
morta husbands, because you obstnatey perssted n detestng the husband
ftted for you. That Vdydhara Madanaprabha, who, beng equa n brth,
demanded you n marrage, sha become a morta kng and at ast become
your husband. Then you sha be freed from your curse, and return to
your own word, and you sha obtan that sutabe match, who sha have
returned to hs Vdydhara state." So that maden Anangaprabh has become
Anangarat on the earth, and returnng to her parents, has once more
become Anangaprabh.
"So go to Vrapura and conquer n fght her father, though he s possessed
of knowedge and protected by hs hgh brth, and obtan that
maden. Now take ths sword, and as ong as you hod t n your hand, you
w be abe to trave through the ar, and moreover you w be nvncbe."
Havng sad ths, and havng gven the sword to hm, the goddess vanshed,
and he woke up, and behed n hs hand a heaveny sword. Then |vadatta
rose up deghted and prased Durg, and a the exhauston produced by
* Compare the remarkabe passage whch M. Lvque quotes from the works of
Empedoces (Les Mythes et es Legendes de 'Inde, p. 90).
|Greek: Estn ananks chrma, then psphsma paaon,
adon, pateess katesphrgsmenon orkos,
eute ts ampaks phon pha gua mn
hamasn eporkon hamartsas epomoss
damn, ho te makranos eachas boo,
trs mn muras hras apo makarn aastha,
phuomenon pantoa da chronou edea thntn,
argaeas botoo metaassonta keeuthous.|
I have adopted the readngs of Rtter and Preer, n ther Hstora Phosoph,
n preference to those of M. Lvque. It s cear that Empedoces supposed
hmsef
to be a Vdydhara faen from heaven n consequence of a curse. As I observed
n an artce n the Cacutta Revew of 1875, "The Bhagavad Gt and
Chrstanty,"
hs personaty s decdedy Indan.
-----Fe: 516.png---------------------------------------------------------
penance was removed by the refreshment caused by the nectar of her
favour. And he few up nto the ar wth hs sword n hs hand, and after
roamng a round the Hmayas, he found that prnce of the Vdydharas
Samara n Vrapura. He conquered hm n fght, and then the kng gave
hm hs daughter Anangaprabh, and he marred her, and ved n heaveny
fecty. And after he had remaned there some tme, he sad to hs father-n-aw
Samara and to hs beoved Anangaprabh, "Let us two go to the word
of men, for I fee a ongng for t, for one's natve and s exceedngy dear
to vng bengs, even though t may be an nferor pace."|*| When the
father-n-aw heard that, he consented, but the far-seeng Anangaprabh was
wth dffcuty nduced to consent; then |vadatta descended from heaven to
the word of mortas, takng that Anangaprabh n hs arms. And
Anangaprabh,
behodng there a peasant mountan, beng weared, sad to hm--"Let
us mmedatey rest here." Then he consented, and descendng there
wth her, he produced food and drnk by the power of the varous scences."
Then |vadatta, beng mpeed by fate, sad to Anangaprabh--"Dear
one, sng some sweet song." When she heard that, she began to sng
devouty the prase of |'S|va, and wth that sound of her sngng the
Brhman was sent to seep.
In the meanwhe a kng, named Harvara, weared out wth huntng,
came that way n search of sprng-water; he was attracted by hearng the
sound of that sngng, as deer are attracted, and, eavng hs charot, he
went there aone. The kng frst had happness announced by omens, and
then he behed that Anangaprabh ke the rea brghtness of the god of
ove. Then, as hs heart was dstracted wth her song and her beauty,
the god of ove ceft t at w wth hs arrows. Anangaprabh too,
seeng that he was handsome, came wthn the range of the god of the
fowery bow, and sad to hersef--"Who s ths? s he the god of ove,
wthout hs fowery bow? Is he the ncarnaton of the favour of |'S|va
towards me, he beng peased wth my song?" Then maddened wth ove,
she asked hm--"Who are you, and how have you come to ths forest, te
me." Then the kng tod her who he was, and why he had come; then he
sad to her, "Te me, who are you, far one? And who s ths, O otus-faced
one, who s seepng here?" When he asked these questons, she
answered hm brefy: "I am a Vdydhar, and ths s my husband, who
possesses a magc sword, and now I have faen n ove wth you at frst
sght. So come, et us qucky go to your cty, before he awakes; then
I w te my story at ength." When the kng heard that, he agreed, and
fet as much deghted as f he had obtaned the soveregnty of the three
words. And Anangaprabh hurredy thought n her heart, "I w take
ths kng n my arms, and qucky fy up to the heaven," but n the mean-*
* Cp. Odyssey IX. 27, 28.
-----Fe: 517.png---------------------------------------------------------
whe her knowedge was strpped from her by her treachery to her husband;
and rememberng her father's curse, she became at once despondent. When
the kng saw that, he asked the cause, and then sad to her--"Ths s not
the tme for despondency; your husband here may awake. And you
ought not to ament, my beoved, over ths matter whch depends on destny.
For who can escape from the shadow of hs own head, or the course of
destny? So come, et us depart." When the kng Harvara sad ths, she
consented to hs proposa, and he took her qucky up n hs arms. Then
he went off qucky thence, as deghted as f he had obtaned a treasure,
and ascended hs charot, wecomed wth |oy by hs servants. And he
reached hs cty n that charot, whch traveed swft as thought, accompaned
by hs beoved, and he aroused curosty n hs sub|ects. Then kng
Harvara remaned n heaveny en|oyments n that cty, whch was named
after hm, n the socety of that Anangaprabh. And Anngaprabh
remaned there devotedy attached to hm, forgettng a her supernatura
power, bewdered by the curse.
In the meanwhe |vadatta woke up on the mountan, and saw that
not ony Anangaprabh was gone, but hs sword aso. He thought "Where
s that Anangaprabh? Aas! Where s that sword? Has she gone off
wth t? Or were they both carred off by some beng?" In hs perpexty,
he made many surmses of ths sort, and he searched that mountan for
three days, beng consumed wth the fre of ove. Then he came down, and
wandered through the forests for ten days, but dd not fnd a trace of her
anywhere. He kept cryng out--"Aas sptefu fortune, how dd you
carry off, together wth the magc power of the sword, my beoved
Anangaprabh,
both whch you granted wth dffcuty?" Thus empoyed he
wandered about wthout food, and at ast reached a vage, and there he
entered the opuent manson of a Brhman. There the handsome and
we-dressed mstress of the house, Pryadatt by name, made hm st
down on a seat, and mmedatey gave ths order to her mads--"Wash
qucky the feet of ths |vadatta, for to-day s the thrteenth day that he
has gone wthout food on account of hs separaton." When |vadatta
heard that, he was astonshed, and refected n hs own mnd--"Can
Anangaprabh,
have come here, or s ths woman a wtch?" Thus he refected,
and after hs feet were washed, and he had eaten the food that she gave,
he humby asked Pryadatt n hs great gref--"Te me one thng: how
do you know my hstory, bameess one? And te me another thng, where
are my sword and my beoved gone?" When the devoted wfe Pryadatt
heard that, she sad--"No one but my husband has any pace n my
heart even n a dream, my son, and I ook on a other men as brothers,
and no guest eaves my house wthout entertanment; by vrtue of that
I know the past, the present and the future. And that Anangaprabh
-----Fe: 518.png---------------------------------------------------------
of yours has been carred off by a kng named Harvara, vng n a town
named after hm, who, as destny woud have t, came that way, whe you
were aseep, attracted by her song. And you cannot recover her, for that
kng s very powerfu; moreover that unchaste woman w n turn eave hm
and go to another man. And the goddess Durg, gave you that sword ony
that you mght obtan that ady; havng accompshed that, the weapon, n
vrtue of ts dvne nature, has returned to the goddess, as the ady has
been carred off. Moreover, how have you forgotten what the goddess was
peased to te you, when she tod the story of the curse of Anangaprabh?
So why are you so dstracted about an event, whch was destned to take
pace? Abandon ths chan of sns, whch agan and agan produces
extreme sorrow. And of what proft can be to you now, my brother, that
wcked femae, who s attached to another, and who has become a morta,
havng ost her scence by her treachery aganst you?" When that vrtuous
woman sad ths to |vadatta, he abandoned a passon for Anangaprabh,
beng dsgusted wth her fckeness, and thus answered the Brhman
ady--"Mother, my deuson has been brought to an end by ths true
speech of thne; whom does not assocaton wth persons of vrtuous
conduct beneft? Ths msfortune has befaen me n consequence of my
former crmes, so I w abandon |eaousy, and go to hoy paces to wash them
out. What can I gan by takng up an enmty wth others on account of
Anangaprabh? For one, who has conquered anger, conquers ths whoe
word." Whe he was sayng ths, the rghteous husband of Pryadatt, who
was hosptabe to guests, returned to the house. The husband aso wecomed
hm, and made hm forget hs gref, and then he rested, and takng
eave of them both, started on hs pgrmage to hoy paces.
Then, n course of tme, he roamed round to a the hoy bathng-paces
on the earth, endurng many tos n dffcut ways, vng on roots
and fruts. And after vstng hoy bathng-paces, he went to the
shrne of the dweer n the Vndhya hs; there he went through a
severe penance, wthout food, on a bed of ku|'s|a grass. And Ambk,
satsfed wth hs ascetcsm, sad to hm, appearng to hm n body form--"Rse
up, my son, for you four are four ga|n.|as of mne. Three are Panchama,
Chaturvaktra, and Mahodaramukha, and thou art the fourth, ast
n order, and thy name s Vka|t.|avadana. You four once went to the sand
of the Ganges to amuse yourseves, and saw there a hermt's daughter
bathng. She was caed Chpaekh, the daughter of Kapa|a|t.|a. And
she was socted by a of you, dstracted wth ove. When she sad
'I am a maden, go away a of you,' the three others remaned quet, but
thou ddst forcby seze her by the arm. And she cred out--'Father, Father,
dever me.' Then the hermt, who was near, came up n wrath. Then
thou ddst et go her arm; then he mmedatey cursed you, sayng--'Wcked
-----Fe: 519.png---------------------------------------------------------
ones, be born, a of you, as human bengs.' Then you asked the hermt
that the curse mght end, and he sad--'When the prncess Anangarat
sha be demanded n marrage by you, and sha go to the Vdydhara
word, then three of you sha be reeased from your curse. But when she
has become a Vdydhar, then thou, Vka|t.|avadana, shat gan her, and ose
her agan, and then thou shat suffer great sorrow. But after proptatng
the goddess Durg for a ong tme, thou shat be reeased from ths curse.
Ths w happen to thee, because thou ddst touch the hand of ths Chpaekh,
and aso because thou hast much gut attachng to thee, on account
of havng carred off the wves of others.' You four ga|n.|as of mne, whom
that hermt thus cursed, became four heroes n the Dekhan,
Panehaphu|t.||t.|ka,
and Bhsh|na, and Kha|d.|gadhara, these three frends, and you the fourth
|vadatta. Now the frst three, when Anangarat returned to her own
pace, came here, and by my favour were freed from ther curse. And thou
hast proptated me now, therefore thy curse s at an end. So take ths
fery medtaton, and abandon ths body; and consume at once the gut,
whch t woud take eght brths to exhaust." When the goddess Durg
had sad ths, she gave hm the medtaton, and dsappeared. And wth that
medtaton he burned up hs wcked morta body, and at ast was freed
from the curse, and became once more an exceent ga|n.|a. When even gods
have to endure so much sufferng by assocatng wth the wves of others,
what must be the resut of t to nferor bengs?
In the meanwhe Anangaprabh became head-queen n Harvara, the
cty of the kng Harvara. And the kng remaned day and nght wth
hs mnd fxed on her, and entrusted the great burden of hs kngdom to
hs mnster named Sumantra. And once on a tme there came to that
kng from Madhyade|'s|a,|*| a fresh teacher of dancng, named Labdhavara.
The kng, havng seen hs sk n musc and dancng, honoured hm, and
made hm the nstructor n dancng of the ades of the harem. He
brought Anangaprabh to such exceence n dancng, that she was an
ob|ect of admraton even to her rva wves. And from assocatng wth
the professor of dancng, and from the deght she took n hs teachng,
she fe n ove wth hm. And the professor of dancng, attracted by her
youth and beauty, graduay earnt a new strange|*| dance, thanks to the god
of Love. And once she approached the professor of dancng secrety n
the dancng-ha, and beng desperatey n ove wth hm, sad to hm--"I
sha not be abe to ve for a moment wthout you, and the kng
Harvara, when he hears of t, w not toerate t, so come, et us depart
esewhere, where the kng w not fnd us out. You have weath n the
* Comprsng the modern provnces of Aahabad, Agra, Deh and Oude.
* For an|r.|tyata I shoud ke to read anartyata.
-----Fe: 520.png---------------------------------------------------------
form of god, horses, and cames, gven by the kng, peased wth your
dancng, and I have ornaments. So et us qucky go and dwe where we
sha be secure." The professor of dancng was peased wth her proposa,
and consented to ths. Then she put on the dress of a man, and went to
the house of the professor of dancng, accompaned by one femae servant,
who was exceedngy devoted to her. Thence she started on horseback,
wth that teacher of dancng, who paced hs weath on the back of a
came. Frst she abandoned the spendour of the Vdydharas, then of a
throne, and now she put hersef under the sheter of a bard's fortune;
aas! fcke s the mnd of women! And so Anangaprabh went wth the
teacher of dancng, and reached a dstant cty named Vyogapura. There
she dwet n happness wth hm, and the dstngushed dancer thought that
by obtanng her hs name of Labdhavara|*| had been |ustfed.
And n the meanwhe kng Harvara, fndng out that hs beoved
Anangaprabh had gone somewhere or other, was ready to abandon the body
out of gref. Then the mnster Sumantra sad to the kng to comfort hm,
"Why do you appear as f you do not understand the matter? Consder t
yoursef? How, my soveregn, coud you expect that a woman, who
deserted a husband, that had by means of hs sword obtaned the power of
a Vdydhara, and repared to you as soon as she saw you, woud be fathfu
even to you? She has gone off wth somethng that she has managed to
get, havng no desre for anythng good, as one to whom a bade of grass
s a sprout of |ewes, fang n ove at sght wth a bade of grass. Certany
the teacher of dancng has gone off wth her, for he s nowhere to
be seen. And I hear that they both were n the concert-ha n the mornng.
So te me, kng; why are you so persstent about her, though you know
a ths? The truth s, a fcke dame s ke a sunset, momentary agow
for every one." When the mnster sad ths to hm, the kng fe nto a
musng, and thought--"Yes, that wse man has tod me the truth. For
a fcke dame s ke human fe; connexon wth her s unstabe, she
changes every moment, and s terrbe, brngng dsgust at the end. The
wse man never fas nto the power of deep rvers or of women, both whch
drown hm who fas nto ther power, whe they exhbt wanton sportfuness.
Those men are truy masters of themseves, who are free from exctement
about peasures, who are not puffed up n prosperty, and who are unshrnkng
n dangers; such men have conquered the word." After sayng ths,
kng Harvara abandoned hs gref by the advce of hs mnster, and
remaned satsfed wth the socety of hs own wves.
And after Anangaprabh had dwet some tme wth the teacher of
dancng, n the cty named Vyogapura, he, as fate woud have t, struck up
an acquantance wth a young gamber named Sudar|'s|ana; then the gamber,
* . e., one who has obtaned a prze.
-----Fe: 521.png---------------------------------------------------------
a hs weath. Then Anangaprabh deserted her husband, who was
strpped of a hs fortune, as f n anger on that account, and threw
hersef nto the arms of Sudar|'s|ana. Then the teacher of dancng, havng
ost hs wfe and hs weath, havng no refuge, n dsgust wth the word,
matted hs har n a knot, and went to the banks of the Ganges to practse
mortfcaton of the fesh. But Anangaprabh, who was ever takng new
paramours, remaned wth that gamber. But one nght, her ord Sudar|'s|ana
was robbed of a that he had by some robbers, who entered hs house n
the darkness. Then Sudar|'s|ana, seeng that Anangaprabh was uncomfortabe
and unhappy on account of ther poverty, sad to her: "Come and
et us borrow somethng from a rch frend of mne, named Hra|n.|yagupta,
a dstngushed merchant." After sayng ths, he, beng deprved of hs
senses by destny, went wth hs wfe, and asked that great merchant
Hra|n.|yagupta
to end hm some money. And the merchant, when he saw her,
mmedatey fet n ove wth her, and she aso wth hm, the moment that
she behed hm. And the merchant sad potey to Sudar|'s|ana--"To-morrow
I w gve you god, but dne here to-day." When Sudar|'s|ana heard
ths, behodng the atered bearng of those two, he sad--"I dd not come
here to-day to dne." Then the great merchant sad--"If ths be the
case, at any rate et your wfe dne here, my frend, for ths s the frst
tme that she has vsted my house." When Sudar|'s|ana was thus addressed
by hm, he remaned sent n spte of hs cunnng, and that merchant went
nto hs house wth Anangaprabh. There he nduged n drnkng and other
pastmes wth that far one, unexpectedy thrown n hs way, who was merry
wth a the wantonness of wne. But Sudar|'s|ana, who was standng outsde,
watng for her to come out, had the foowng message brought to hm
by the merchant's servants, n accordance wth ther master's orders:
"Your wfe has dned and gone home: you must have faed to see her
gong out. So what are you dong here so ong? Go home." He answered--"She
s wthn the house, she has not come out, and I w not depart."
Thereupon the merchant's servants drove hm away from the house wth
kcks. Then Sudar|'s|ana went off, and sorrowfuy refected wth hmsef:
"What! has ths merchant, though my frend, robbed me of my wfe?
Or rather, n ths very brth the frut of my sn has n such a form faen
to my ot. For what I dd to one, another has done to me. Why shoud
I then be angry wth another, when my own deeds mert anger? So I w
sever the chan of works, so that I may not be agan humated."
Thus refectng, the gamber abandoned hs anger, and gong to the hermtage
of Badark,|*| he proceeded to perform such austertes as woud cut
the bonds of mundane exstence.
* Badarntha s a pace sacred to Vsh|n.|u n the Hmayas. The
Badharntha|**footnote contnued on next page?|
-----Fe: 522.png---------------------------------------------------------
And Anangaprabh, havng obtaned that exceedngy handsome merchant
for a dear husband, was as peased as a bee that has ghted on a
fower. And n course of tme she attaned undsputed contro over the
weath, as we as over the heart of that opuent merchant, who was deepy
n ove wth her. But the kng Vrabhu, though he heard of the matchess
beauty resdng there, dd not carry her off, but remaned strcty wthn
the mts of vrtue. And n course of tme, the weath of the merchant
began to dmnsh, on account of the expendture of Anangaprabh; for,
n a house presded over by an unchaste woman, Fortune pnes as we as
vrtuous women. Then the merchant Hra|n.|yagupta got together wares,
and went off to an sand named Suvarnabhm to trade, and he took that
Anangaprabh wth hm, out of fear of beng separated from her, and
|ourneyng on hs way, he at ast reached the cty of Sgarapura. There he
fe n wth a chef of fshermen, a natve of that pace, Sgaravra by name,
whom he found n that cty near the sea. He went wth that sea-farng
man to the shore of the sea, and wth hs beoved embarked on a shp
whch he provded. And after the merchant had traveed n anxety for
some days over the sea, n that shp, accompaned by Sgaravra, one day
a terrbe back coud of doom appeared, wth fashng eyes of ghtnng,
fng them wth fear of destructon. Then that shp, smtten by a
mghty wnd, wth a voent shower of ran, began to snk n the waves.
That merchant Hra|n.|yagupta, when the crew rased a cry of amentaton,
and the shp began to break up ke hs own hopes, fastened hs coak round
hs ons, and ookng at the face of Anangaprabh, excamed "Ah! my
beoved, where art thou," and threw hmsef nto the sea. And he oared
hmsef aong wth hs arms, and, as uck woud have t, he reached a
merchant-shp, and he caught hod of t, and cmbed up nto t.
But that Sgaravra ted together some panks wth a cord, and qucky
paced Anangaprabh upon them. And he hmsef cmbed up upon them,
and comforted that terrfed woman, and went paddng aong n the sea,
throwng asde the water wth hs arms. And as soon as the shp
had been broken to peces, the couds dsappeared from the heaven, and
the sea was cam, ke a good man whose wrath s appeased. But the merchant
Hra|n.|yagupta, after cmbng up nto the shp, whch was mpeed
by the wnd, as fate woud have t, reached n fve days the shore of the
|**footnote contnued from prev. pg|peaks, n Brtsh Gurwha, form a group of
sx summts, from 22,000 to 23,400 feet above
the sea. The town of Badarntha s 55 mes north-east of |'S|rnagar, on the
rght
bank of the Vsh|n.|uganga, a feeder of the Aakananda. The tempe s stuated
n the
hghest part of the town, and beow t a tank, supped by a suphureous
therma
sprng, s frequented by thousands of pgrms. The tempe s 10,294 feet above
the
sea. (Akbar, an Eastern Romance, by Dr. Van Lmburg-Brouwer, wth an
ntroducton
by Cements Markham, p. 1, note.)
-----Fe: 523.png---------------------------------------------------------
sea. Then he went on shore, greved at the oss of hs beoved, but he
refected that the dspensatons of Destny were rremedabe; and he went
sowy home to hs own cty, and beng of resoute sou, he recovered hs
sef-command, and agan acqured weath, and ved n great comfort.
But Anangaprabh, seated on the pank, was poted to the shore of
the sea n one day by Sgaravra. And there that chef of the fshermen,
consong her, took her to hs own paace n the cty of Sgarapura. There
Anangaprabh, refectng that that chef of the fshermen was a hero who
had saved her fe, and was equa to a kng n opuence, and n the prme
of youth and good ooks, and obedent to her orders, made hm her husband:
a woman who has ost her vrtue does not dstngush between hgh and
ow. Then she dwet wth that chef of fshermen, en|oyng n hs house
hs weath that he put at her dsposa.
One day she saw from the roof of the paace a handsome Kshatrya
youth, named V|ayavarman, gong aong the hgh street of the town.
Fang n ove wth hs good ooks, she went up to hm, and sad--"Receve
me, who am n ove wth you, for my mnd has been fascnated by the
sght of you." And he gady wecomed that farest woman of the three
words, who had faen to hm, as t were, from the sky, and took her home
to hs house. But Sgaravra, fndng that hs beoved had gone somewhere
or other, abandoned a, and went to the rver Ganges, ntendng to eave
the body by means of ascetc practces; and no wonder that hs gref was
great, for how coud a man of serve caste ever have expected to obtan
such a Vdydhar? But Anangaprabh ved at ease n that very town
wth V|ayavarman, free from restrant.
Then, one day the kng of that pace, named Sgaravarman, mounted
a femae eephant and went out to roam round hs cty. And whe the
kng was ookng at that we-but cty named after hm, he came aong
the street where the house of V|ayavarman was. And Anangaprabh,
fndng out that the kng was comng that way, went up to the top of the
house, out of curosty to behod hm. And, the moment she saw the kng,
she fe so desperatey n ove wth hm, that she nsoenty excamed to
the eephant-drver--"Mahout, I never n my fe have rdden on an
eephant, so gve me a rde on yours, and et me see how peasant t s."
When the eephant-drver heard ths, he ooked at the face of the kng, and
n the meanwhe the kng behed her, ke the spendour of the moon
faen from heaven. And the kng, drnkng her n wth nsatate eye ke
a partrdge, havng conceved the hope of ganng her, sad to hs eephant-
drver--"Take
the eephant near and compy wth her wsh, and wthout
deay seat ths moon-faced dame on the eephant." When the kng sad
ths, the eephant-drver at once brought that eephant cose under the
house. When Anangaprabh saw that the eephant had come near, she
-----Fe: 524.png---------------------------------------------------------
mmedatey fung hersef nto the ap of the kng Sgaravarman. How
came t that, though at frst she was averse to a husband, she now showed
such an nsatabe appette for husbands? Surey her father's curse made
her exhbt a great change of character. And she casped the kng round
the neck, as f afrad of fang, and he, when hs mbs were rrgated wth
the nectar of her touch, was much deghted. And the kng qucky
carred off to hs own paace her, who had surrendered hersef by an artfce,
beng desrous of beng kssed. There he made that Vdydhar enter hs
harem, and after she had tod hm her story, he made her hs prncpa wfe.
And then that young Kshatrya, fndng out that she had been carred off
by the kng, came and attacked the kng's servants outsde the paace, and
there he eft hs corpse, not turnng hs back n fght, for brave men do not
submt to nsut on account of a woman. And t seemed as f he was
carred off to the abode of the gods by the nymphs of heaven, sayng--"What
have you to do wth ths contemptbe woman? Come to Nandana
and court us."
As for that Anangaprabh, when she had come nto the possesson of
the kng Sgaravarman, she roamed no more, but remaned fathfu to hm,
as rvers are at rest n the bosom of the sea. And owng to the force of
destny, she thought hersef fortunate n havng obtaned that husband,
and he thought that hs fe was compete by hs havng obtaned her for a
wfe.
And n some days Anangaprabh, the queen of that kng Sgaravarman,
became pregnant, and n due tme gave brth to a son. And the kng
made a great feast on account of the brth of a nobe son, and gave the boy
the name of Samudravarman. And when that son attaned hs fu stature,
and became a young man dstngushed for mght, the kng apponted hm
crown-prnce. Then he brought to hs court Kamaavat the daughter
of a certan kng named Samaravarman, to be marred to hm. And when
that son Samudravarman was marred, the kng, beng mpressed by hs
vrtues, gave hm hs own kngdom. That brave son Samudravarman,
beng thoroughy acquanted wth the dutes of Kshatryas, when he had
obtaned the kngdom, sad to hs father, bowng before hm: "Father,
gve me eave to depart; I am settng out to conquer the regons. A
ord of earth, that s not ntent on conquest, s to be bamed as much as
the effemnate husband of a woman. And n ths word, ony that fortune
of kngs s rghteous and gorous, whch s acqured by one's own strength
after conquerng the kngdoms. What s the use, father, of the soveregnty
of those kngs, who hod t merey for the sake of oppressng the poor?
They devour ther own sub|ects, ravenous ke cats."|*| When he had sad
ths, hs father Sgaravarman reped, "Your rue, my boy, s young; so for
* Pra| means sub|ects and aso offsprng.
-----Fe: 525.png---------------------------------------------------------
the present secure that; no demert or dsgrace attaches to one who rues
hs sub|ects |usty. And war s not meet for kngs wthout consderng
ther power; though, you my chd, are a hero, and your army s numerous,
st you ought not to rey upon the fortune of vctory, whch s fcke n
fght." Though hs father used these and smar arguments wth hm,
the brave Samudravarman at ast, wth great dffcuty, nduced hm to consent,
and marched out to conquer the regons. And havng conquered the
regons n due course, and reduced the kngs under hs sway, he returned to
hs own cty n possesson of eephants, horses, god, and other trbutes.
And there he humby honoured the feet of hs deghted parents wth
great |ewes produced n varous regons. And the gorous prnce gave, by
ther orders, to the Brhmans great gfts of eephants, horses, god and
|ewes. Then he showered god n such profuson upon suppants and servants,
that the ony thng n the country devod of weath was the word
poor, whch had become wthout meanng.|*| The kng Sgaravarman,
dweng wth Anangaprabh, when he behed the gory of hs son, consdered
that hs ob|ects n fe had been accompshed.
And the kng, after spendng those days n feastng, sad to hs son
Samudravarman n the presence of the mnsters--"I have accompshed,
my son, what I had to accompsh n ths brth; I have en|oyed the
peasures of rue, I have not experenced defeat from my enemes, and I
have seen you n possesson of soveregnty, what ese does there reman
for me to obtan? So I w retre to a hoy bathng-pace, whe my
body retans strength. For see, od age whspers at the root of my ear--'Snce
ths body s pershabe, why do you st reman n your house?'"
Havng sad ths, the kng Sgaravarman, a whose ends were attaned,
went, though hs son was opposed to t, to Prayga wth hs beoved.
And Samudravarman escorted hs father there, and, after returnng to hs
own cty, rued t n accordance wth the aw.
And the kng Sgaravarman, accompaned by hs wfe Anangaprabh,
proptated the god |'S|va n Prayga wth ascetcsm. And at the end of
the nght, the god sad to hm n a dream--"I am peased wth ths penance
of yoursef and your wfe, so hear ths--Ths Anangaprabh and you, my
son, are both of the Vdydhara race, and to-morrow the curse w expre,
and you w go to your own word." When the kng heard that, he woke
up, and Anangaprabh too, who had seen a smar dream, and they tod ther
dreams to one another. And then Anangaprabh, deghted, sad to the
kng--"My husband, I have now remembered a the hstory of my former
brth; I am the daughter of Samara, a prnce of the Vdydharas, n the
cty of Vrapura, and my name has aways been Anangaprabh. And
* The word artha means weath, and aso meanng.
-----Fe: 526.png---------------------------------------------------------
I came here owng to the curse of my father, havng become a human
beng by the oss of my scence, and I forgot my Vdydhar nature. But
now I have recovered conscousness of t." Whe she was sayng ths,
her father Samara descended from heaven; and after he had been respectfuy
wecomed by the kng Sgaravarman, he sad to that daughter Anangaprabh,
who fe at hs feet, "Come, daughter, receve these scences, your
curse s at an end. For you have endured n one brth the sorrows of
eght brths."|*| Sayng ths, he took her on hs ap, and gave her back the
scences; then he sad to the kng Sgaravarman--"You are a prnce of
the Vdydharas, named Madanaprabh,|**typo the name s gven as
Madanaprabha severa tmes ater on ths page| and I am by name Samara,
and
Anangaprabh s my daughter. And ong ago, when she ought to have
been gven n marrage, her hand was demanded by severa sutors, but
beng ntoxcated by her beauty, she dd not desre any husband. Then
she was asked n marrage by you, who were equa n mert, and very eager
to marry her, but as fate woud have t, she woud not then accept even
you. For that reason I cursed her, that she mght go to the word of
mortas. And you, beng passonatey n ove wth her, fxed your heart
on |'S|va the gver of boons, and wshed ntenty that she mght be your
wfe n the word of mortas, and then you abandoned your Vdydhara
body by magc art. Then you became a man and she became your wfe.
Now return to your own word nked together." When Samara sad ths
to Sgaravarman, he, rememberng hs brth, abandoned hs body n the
water of Prayga,|*| and mmedatey became Madanaprabha. And
Anangaprabh
was reknded wth the brghtness|*| of her recovered scence, and
mmedatey becomng a Vdydhar, geamed wth that very body, whch
underwent a heaveny change. And then Madanaprabha, beng deghted, and
Anangaprabh aso, feeng great passon str n both ther hearts at the
sght of one another's heaveny bodes, and the auspcous Samara, kng of
the sky-goers, a few up nto the ar, and went together to that cty of
the Vdydharas, Vrapura. And there Samara mmedatey gave, wth due
rtes, hs daughter Anangaprabh to the Vdydhara kng, Madanaprabha.
And Madanaprabha went wth that beoved, whose curse had been canceed,
to hs own cty, and there he dwet at ease.
"Thus dvne bengs fa by vrtue of a curse, and owng to the consequences
of ther own wckedness, are ncarnate n the word of men,
and after reapng the frut approprate to ther bad conduct, they agan go
to ther own home on account of prevousy acqured mert."
* The story of Anangaprabh may be the orgn of the seventh Nove of the
IInd day n the Decameron of Boccaco.
* Prayga--Aahabad, tho pace of sacrfce |Greek: kat exochn|. Here the
Gang and
Yamun unte wth the supposed subterranean Sarasvat.
|** thrd footnote mssng or on foowng page|
-----Fe: 527.png---------------------------------------------------------
When Naravhandadatta heard ths tae from hs mnster Gomukha,
he and Aankravat were deghted, and then he performed the dutes of
the day.
CHAPTER LIII.
Then, on the next day, Naravhanadatta's frend Marubht sad to
hm, when he was n the company of Aankravat--"See, kng, ths
mserabe dependent|*| of yours remans cothed wth one garment of eather,
wth matted har, thn and drty, and never eaves the roya gate, day or
nght, n cod or heat; so why do you not shew hm favour at ast? For
t s better that a tte shoud be gven n tme, than much when t s too
ate; so have mercy on hm before he des." When Gomukha heard ths,
he sad--" Marubht speaks we, but you, kng, are not the east n faut
n ths matter; for unt a sutor's gut, whch stands n hs way, s removed,
a kng, even though dsposed to gve, cannot gve; but when a man's gut
s effaced, a kng gves, though strenuousy dssuaded from dong so; ths
depends upon works n a prevous state of exstence. And propos of
ths, I w te you, O kng, the story of Lakshadatta the kng, and Labdhadatta
the dependent; sten."
Story of kng Lakshadatta and hs dependent Labdhadatta.|*|
There was on the earth a cty named Lakshapura. In t there ved
a kng named Lakshadatta, chef of generous men. He never knew how to
gve a pettoner ess than a ac of cons, but he gave fve acs to any one
wth whom he conversed. As for the man wth whom he was peased, he
fted hm out of poverty, for ths reason hs name was caed Lakshadatta.
A certan dependent named Labdhadatta stood day and nght at hs gate,
wth a pece of eather for hs ony on-rag. He had matted har, and he
never eft the kng's gate for a second, day or nght, n cod, ran, or heat,
and the kng saw hm there. And, though he remaned there ong n
msery, the kng dd not gve hm anythng, though he was generous and
compassonate.
* The word n the orgna s krpatka. Bhtngk and Roth expan t n ths
passage as "en m Denste enes Fursten stehender Better." It appears from
Taranga
81, that a poor man became a krpatka by tearng a karpata, a ragged
garment, n a
kng's presence. The busness of a krpatka seems to have been to do servce
wthout
gettng anythng for t.
* Cp. the 1st Nove n the 10th Day of the Decameron and Raston's Russan
Fok
Taes, p. 197.
-----Fe: 528.png---------------------------------------------------------
Then, one day the kng went to a forest to hunt, and hs dependent
foowed hm wth a staff n hs hand. There, whe the kng seated on an
eephant, armed wth a bow, and foowed by hs army, sew tgers, bears,
and deer, wth showers of arrows, hs dependent, gong n front of hm, aone
on foot, sew wth hs staff many boars and deer. When the kng saw
hs bravery, he thought n hs heart--"It s wonderfu that ths man shoud
be such a hero," but he dd not gve hm anythng. And the kng, when
be had fnshed hs huntng, returned home to hs cty, to en|oy hmsef,
but that dependent stood at hs paace-gate as before. Once on a tme,
Lakshadatta went out to conquer a neghbourng kng of the same famy,
and he had a terrbe batte. And n the batte the dependent struck down
n front of hm many enemes, wth bows from the end of hs strong staff
of acaca wood. And the kng, after conquerng hs enemes, returned to
hs own cty, and though he had seen the vaour of hs dependent, he gave
hm nothng. In ths condton the dependent Labdhadatta remaned, and
many years passed over bs head, whe he supported hmsef wth dffcuty.
And when the sxth year had come, kng Lakshadatta happened to see
hm one day, and feeng pty for hm, refected--"Though he has been
ong affcted, I have not as yet gven hm anythng, so why shoud I not
gve hm somethng n a dsgused form, and so fnd out whether the gut
of ths poor man has been effaced, or not, and whether even now Fortune
w grant hm a sght of her, or not." Thus refectng, the kng deberatey
entered hs treasury, and fed a ctron wth |ewes, as f t were a casket.
And he hed an assemby of a hs sub|ects, havng apponted a meetng
outsde hs paace, and there entered the assemby a hs ctzens, chefs,
and mnsters. And when the dependent entered among them, the kng
sad to hm wth an affectonate voce, "Come here;" then the dependent,
on hearng ths, was deghted, and comng near, he sat n front of the
kng. Then the kng sad to hm--"Utter some composton of your
own." Then the dependent rected the foowng Ary verse--"Fortune
ever repenshes the fu man, as a the streams repensh the sea, but she
never even comes wthn the range of the eyes of the poor." When the
kng had heard ths, and had made hm recte t agan, he was peased, and
gave hm the ctron fu of vauabe |ewes. And the peope sad, "Ths
kng puts a stop to "the poverty of every one wth whom he s peased; so
ths dependent s to be pted, snce ths very kng, though peased wth hm,
after summonng hm potey, has gven hm nothng but ths ctron; a
wshng-tree, n the case of -starred men, often becomes a pa|'s|a-tree."|*|
These were the words whch a n the assemby sad to one another n ther
despondency, when they saw that, for they dd not know the truth.
* There s a pun here. The word pa|'s|a aso means "crue, unmercfu."
-----Fe: 529.png---------------------------------------------------------
But the dependent went out, wth the ctron n hs hand, and when he
was n a state of despondency, a mendcant came before hm. And that
mendcant, named R|avandn, seeng that the ctron was a fne one,
obtaned t from that dependent by gvng hm a garment. And then the
mendcant entered the assemby, and gave that frut to the kng, and the
kng, recognzng t, sad to that hermt,|*| "Where, reverend sr, dd you
procure ths ctron." Then he tod the kng that the dependent had gven
t to hm. Then the kng was greved and astonshed, refectng that hs
gut was not expated even now. The kng Lakshadatta took the ctron,
rose up from the assemby, and performed the dutes of the day. And the
dependent sod the garment, and after he had eaten and drunk, remaned at
hs usua post at the kng's gate.
And on the second day the kng hed a genera assemby, and everybody
appeared at t agan, ctzens and a. And the kng, seeng that the
dependent had entered the assemby, caed hm as before, and made hm st
near hm. And after makng hm agan recte that very same Ary verse,
beng peased, he gave hm that very same ctron wth |ewes conceaed n t.
And a there thought wth astonshment--"Ah! ths s the second tme
that our master s peased wth hm wthout hs ganng by t. And the
dependent, n despondency, took the ctron n hs hand, and thnkng that
the kng's good w had agan been barren of resuts, went out. At
that very moment a certan offca met hm, who was about to enter that
assemby, wshng to see the kng. He, when he saw that ctron, took a
fancy to t, and regardng the omen, procured t from the dependent by
gvng hm a par of garments. And enterng the kng's court, he fe
at the feet of the soveregn, and frst gave hm the ctron, and then another
present of hs own. And when the kng recognsed the frut, he asked
the offca where he got t, and he reped--"From the dependent." And
the kng, thnkng n hs heart that Fortune woud not even now gve the
dependent a sght of her, was exceedngy sad.|*| And he rose up from,
the assemby wth that ctron, and the dependent went to the market wth
the par of garments he had got. And by seng one garment he procured
meat and drnk, and tearng the other n haf he made two of t.
Then on the thrd day aso the kng hed a genera assemby, and a the
sub|ects entered, as before, and when the dependent entered, the kng gave
hm the same ctron agan, after cang hm and makng hm recte the
Ary verse. Then a were astonshed, and the dependent went out, and
* The word used shows that he was probaby a Buddhst mendcant.
* Cp. Mss Frere's Od Deccan days, p. 171, and Ges's Strange Stores from a
Chnese Studo, p. 430, where the young ady says to Ma; "You have often
asked me
for money, but on account of your weak uck I have htherto refraned from
gvng
you any."
-----Fe: 530.png---------------------------------------------------------
gave that ctron to the kng's mstress. And she, ke a movng creeper of
the tree of the kng's regard, gave hm god, whch was, so to speak, the
fower, the harbnger of the frut. The dependent sod t, and en|oyed
hmsef that day, and the kng's mstress went nto hs presence. And she
gave hm that ctron, whch was arge and fne, and he, recognsng t, asked
her whence she procured t. Then she sad--"The dependent gave t me."
Hearng that, the kng thought, "Fortune has not yet ooked favouraby
upon hm; hs mert n a former fe must have been sght, snce he does not
know that my favour s never barren of resuts. And so these spendd
|ewes come back to me agan and agan." Thus the kng refected, and
he took that ctron, and put t away safey, and rose up and performed the
dutes of the day. And on the fourth day the kng hed an assemby n the
same way, and t was fed wth a hs sub|ects, feudatores, mnsters and a.
And the dependent came there agan, and agan the kng made hm st n
front of hm, and when he bowed before hm, the kng made hm recte the
Ary verse: and gave hm the ctron, and when the dependent had haf
got hod of t, he suddeny et t go, and the ctron fe on the ground and
broke n haf. And as the |onng of the ctron, whch kept t together,
was broken, there roed out of t many vauabe |ewes, umnatng that
pace of assemby. A the peope, when they saw t, sad, "Ah! we were
deuded and mstaken, as we dd not know the rea state of the case, but
such s the nature of the kng's favour." When the kng heard that, he
sad--"By ths artfce I endeavoured to ascertan, whether Fortune woud
now ook on hm or not. But for three days hs gut was not effaced; now
t s effaced, and for that reason Fortune has now granted hm a sght of
hersef." After the kng had sad ths, he gave the dependent those |ewes,
and aso vages, eephants, horses and god, and made hm a feuda chef.
And he rose up from that assemby, n whch the peope appauded, and went
to bathe; and that dependent too, havng obtaned hs ends, went to hs own
dweng.
So true s t that, unt a servant's gut s effaced, he cannot obtan
the favour of hs master; even by gong through hundreds of hardshps.
When Gomukha the prme-mnster had tod ths tae, he agan sad
to hs master Naravhanadatta; "So, kng, I know that even now the
gut of that dependent of yours s not expated, snce even now you are
not peased wth hm." When the son of the kng of Vatsa heard ths
speech of Gomukha's, he sad, "Ha! good!" and he mmedatey gave to
hs own dependent, who was named Krpatka, a number of vages, eephants
and horses, a crore of god peces, and exceent garments, and
ornaments. Then that dependent, who had attaned prosperty, became
ke a kng; how can the attendance on a gratefu kng, who has exceent
courters, be vod of frut.
-----Fe: 531.png---------------------------------------------------------
When Naravhanadatta was thus empoyed, there came one day, to
take servce wth hm, a young Brhman from the Dekhan, named
Praambabhu.
That hero sad to the prnce: "I have come to your feet, my
soveregn, attracted by your renown; and I on foot w never eave your
company for a step, as ong as you trave on the earth wth eephants,
horses, and charots; but n the ar I cannot go; I say ths because t s
rumoured that my ord w one day be emperor of the Vdydharas. A
hundred god peces shoud be gven to me every day as saary." When
that Brhman, who was reay of ncomparabe mght, sad ths,
Naravhanadatta
gave hm ths saary. And thereupon Gomukha sad--"My
ord, kngs have such servants: propos of ths, hear ths story."
Story of the Brhman Vravara.|*|
There s n ths country a great and spendd cty of the name of
Vkramapura. In t there ved ong ago a kng named Vkramatunga.
He was dstngushed for statesmanshp, and though hs sword was sharp,
hs rod of |ustce was not so: and he was aways ntent on rghteousness,
but not on women, huntng, and so forth. And whe he was kng, the
ony atoms of wckedness were the atoms of earth n the dust, the ony
departure
from vrtue was the oosng of arrows from the strng, the ony
strayng from |ustce was the wanderng of sheep n the fods of the
keepers of catte.|*| Once on a tme a heroc and handsome Brhman,
from the country of Mava, named Vravara, came there to take servce
under that kng; he had a wfe named Dharmavat, a daughter named
Vravat, and a son named Sattvavara; these three consttuted hs famy;
and hs attendants conssted of another three, at hs hp a dagger, n one
hand a sword, and n the other a poshed shed. Though he had such a
sma foowng, he demanded from that kng fve hundred dnrs every day
by way of saary. And the kng gave hm that saary, percevng hs
courage, and thnkng to hmsef, "I w make tra of hs exceence."
And the kng set spes on hm, to fnd out what ths man, wth ony two
arms, woud do wth so many dnrs. And Vravara, every day, gave hs
wfe a hundred of those dnrs for food and other purposes; and wth,
another hundred he bought cothes, and garands, and so on; and he apponted
a thrd hundred, after bathng, for the worshp of Vshnu and |'S|va;
and the remanng two hundred he gave to Brhmans, the poor and so on;
and so he expended every day the whoe fve hundred. And he stood at
the paace-gate of the kng for the frst haf of the day, and after he had
performed hs day prayers and other dutes, he eame back and remaned
there
* Ths story s found n tho Htopade|s|a, p. 89 of |ohnson's transaton.
* These two nes aro an eaborate pun-ku = ev, and aso earth, guna =
vrtue, and aso strng, avchra = n|ustco, aso the movement of sheep.
-----Fe: 532.png---------------------------------------------------------
at nght aso. The spes reported to the kng contnuay that day practce
of hs, and then the kng, beng satsfed, ordered those spes to desst
from observng hm. And Vravara remaned day and nght at the gate of
the kng's paace, sword n hand, exceptng ony the tme set apart for
bathng and matters of that knd. Then there came a coecton of couds,
beowng terrby, as f determned to conquer that Vravara, beng mpatent
of hs vaour. And then, though the coud raned a terrbe arrow-shower of
drops, Vravara stood ke a coumn and dd not eave the paace-gate. And
the kng Vkramatunga, havng behed hm from the paace n ths poston,
went up to the roof of the paace at nght to try hm agan. And he
caed out from above--"Who wats at the paace-gate?" And Vravara,
when he heard that, answered--"I am here." The kng hearng ths,
thought--"Surey ths brave man deserves hgh rank, for he does not
eave the paace-gate, though such a coud s ranng." Whe engaged n
these refectons, the kng heard a woman weepng bttery n the dstance;
and he thought--"There s not an affcted person n my domnons, so
why does she weep?" Thereupon he sad to Vravara, "Hark, Vravara,
there s some woman weepng at some dstance from ths pace, so go, and
fnd out who she s, and what s her sorrow." When Vravara heard that, he
set out, brandshng hs sword, wth hs dagger at hs sde. Then the kng,
seeng that he had set out when such a coud was bazng wth ghtnng,
and when the nterva between heaven and earth|*| was fu of descendng
drops of ran, beng moved wth curosty and pty, came down from the
roof of hs paace, and set out behnd hm, sword n hand, unobserved.
And Vravara, gong n the drecton of the wang,|*| foowed unperceved
by the kng, reached a ake outsde the cty. And he saw a
woman amentng n the mdst of t; "Ah ord! Ah mercfu one! Ah
hero! How sha I exst abandoned by thee?" He asked her; "Who are
you, and what ord do you ament?" Then she sad; "My son, know
that I am ths earth. At present Vkramatunga s my rghteous ord, and
hs death w certany take pace on the thrd day from now. And how
sha I obtan such a ord agan? For wth dvne foresght I behod the
good and ev to come, as Suprabha, the son of a god, dd, when n heaven."
Story of Suprabha.
For he, possessng dvne foresght, foresaw that n seven days he
woud fa from heaven on account of the exhauston of hs merts, and be
conceved n the body of a sow. Then that son of a god, refectng on the
msery of dweng n the body of a sow, regretted wth hmsef those
heaveny en|oyments: "Aas for heaven! Aas for the Apsarases! Aas
for the arbours of Nandana! Aas! how sha I ve n the body of a sow,
* I foow the MS. n the Sanskrt Coege whch reads rodorandhre.
* Here wth the Sanskrt Coege MS. I read rudtam for tho unmetrca
krandtam
-----Fe: 533.png---------------------------------------------------------
and after that n the mre?" When the kng of the gods heard hm
ndugng n these amentatons, he came to hm, and questoned hm, 'and
that son of a god tod hm the cause of hs gref. Then Indra sad to
hm, "Lsten, there s a way out of ths dffcuty open to you. Have
recourse to |'S|va as a protector, excamng 'Om! Honour to |'S|va!' If
you resort to hm as a protector, you sha escape from your gut and
obtan mert, so that you sha not be born n the body of a pg nor fa
from heaven." When the kng of the gods sad ths to Suprabha, he
foowed hs advce, and excamng "Om! Honour to |'S|va!" he fed to
|'S|va as an asyum. After remanng whoy ntent on hm for sx days,
he not ony by hs favour escaped beng sent nto the body of a pg, but
went to an abode of bss hgher than Svarga. And on the seventh day,
when Indra, not seeng hm n heaven, ooked about, he found he had gone
to another and a superor word.
"As Suprabha amented, behodng pouton mpendng, so I ament,
behodng the mpendng death of the kng." When Earth sad ths,
Vravara answered her:--"If there s any expedent for rescung ths
kng, as there was an expedent for rescung Suprabha n accordance wth
the advce of Indra, pray te t me." When Earth was thus addressed by
Vravara, she answered hm: "There s an expedent n ths case, and t s
n your hands." When the Brhman Vravara heard ths, he sad |oyfuy--|*|
"Then te me, goddess, qucky; f my ord can be benefted by the
sacrfce of my fe, or of my son or wfe, my brth s not wasted." When
Vravara sad ths, Earth answered hm--"There s here an mage of Durg
near the paace; f you offer to that mage your son Sattvavara, then the
kng w ve, but there s no other expedent for savng hs fe." When
the resoute Vravara heard ths speech of the goddess Earth, he sad--"I
w go, ady, and do t mmedatey." And Earth sad "What other man
s so devoted to hs ord? Go, and prosper." And the kng, who foowed
hm, heard a.
Then Vravara went qucky to hs house that nght, and the kng
foowed hm unobserved. There he woke up hs wfe Dharmavat and
tod her, that, by the counse of the goddess Earth, he must offer up hs son
for the sake of the kng. She, when she heard t, sad--"We must
certany do what s for the advantage of the kng; so wake up our son
and te hm." Then Vravara woke up hs son, and tod hm a that the
goddess Earth had tod hm, as beng for the nterest of the kng, down to
the necessty of hs own sacrfce. When the chd Sattvavara heard ths,
he, beng rghty named, sad to hs father,|*| "Am I not fortunate, my
* I read dhrshyan, .e., re|ocng, from hrsh.
* The word sattvavara hero means "possessng pre-emnent vrtue."
-----Fe: 534.png---------------------------------------------------------
father, n that my fe can proft the kng? I must requte hm for hs
food whch I have eaten; so take me and sacrfce me to the goddess for
hs sake." When the boy Sattvavara sad ths, Vravara answered hm
undsmayed, "In truth you are my own son." When kng Vkramatunga,
who was standng outsde, heard ths, he sad to hmsef--"Ah! the
members of ths famy are a equay brave."
Then Vravara took that son Sattvavara on hs shouder, and hs wfe
Dharmavat took hs daughter Vravat on her back, and the two went to
the tempe of Durg by nght.
And the kng Vkramatunga foowed them, carefuy conceang hmsef.
When they reached the tempe, Sattvavara was put down by hs father from
hs shouder, and, though he was a boy, beng a store-house of courage, he
bowed before the goddess, and addressed ths petton to her: "Goddess, may
our ord's fe be saved by the offerng of my head! And may the kng
Vkramatunga
rue the earth wthout an enemy to oppose hm!" When the boy
sad ths, Vravara excamed, "Bravo! my son!" And drawng hs sword,
he cut off hs son's head, and offered t to the goddess Durg, sayng,
"May the kng be prosperous!" Those who are devoted to ther master
grudge them nether ther sons' ves nor ther own. Then a voce was
heard from heaven, sayng, "Bravo, Vravara! you have bestowed fe on
your master by sacrfcng even the te of your son." Then, whe the
kng was seeng and hearng wth great astonshment a that went on, the
daughter of Vravara, named Vravat, who was a mere gr, came up to
the head of her san brother, and embraced t, and kssed t, and cryng
out "Aas! my brother!" ded of a broken heart. When Vravara's
wfe, Dharmavat, saw that her daughter aso was dead, n her gref she
casped her hands together, and sad to Vravara; "We have now ensured
the prosperty of the kng, so permt me to enter the fre wth my two
dead chdren. Snce my nfant daughter, though too young to understand
anythng, has ded out of gref for her brother, what s the use
of my fe, my two chdren beng dead?" When she spoke wth ths
setted purpose, Vravara sad to her; "Do so, what can I say aganst t?
For, bameess one, there remans no happness for you n a word, whch
w be a fed for you wth gref for your two chdren; so wat a
moment whe I prepare the funera pyre." Havng sad ths, he constructed
a pyre wth some wood, that was yng there to make the fence of
the encosure of the goddess's tempe, and put the corpses of hs chdren
upon t, and t a fre under t, so that t was enveoped n fames. Then
hs vrtuous wfe, Dharmavat, fe at hs feet, and excamng, "May you,
my husband, be my ord n my next brth, and may prosperty befa the
kng!" she eapt nto that burnng pyre, wth ts har of fame, as gady as
nto a coo ake. And kng Vkramatunga, who was standng by unper-*
-----Fe: 535.png---------------------------------------------------------
*ceved, remaned fxed n thought as to how he coud possby recompense
them.
Then Vravara, of resoute sou, refected--"I have accompshed my
duty to my master, for a dvne voce was heard audby, and so I have
requted hm for the food whch I have eaten, but now that I have ost a
the dear famy I had to support,|*| t s not meet that I shoud ve aone,
supportng mysef ony, so why shoud I not proptate ths goddess Durg by
offerng up mysef?" Vravara, frm n vrtue, havng formed ths determnaton,
frst approached wth a hymn of prase that goddess Durg, the
granter of boons. "Honour to thee, O great goddess, that gvest securty to
thy votares, rescue me punged n the mre of the word, that appea to thee
for protecton. Thou art the prncpe of fe n creatures, by thee ths word
moves. In the begnnng of creaton |'S|va behed thee sef-produeed, bazng
and umnatng the word wth brghtness hard to behod, ke ten mon
orbs of fery suddeny-produced nfant suns rsng at once, fng the whoe
horzon wth the crce of thy arms, bearng a sword, a cub, a bow, arrows
and a spear. And thou wast prased by that god |'S|va n the foowng
words--'Ha
to thee Chand, Chmund, Manga, Trpur, |ay, Eknan|'s|, |'S|v,
Durg, Nryan, Sarasvat, Bhadrakaf, Mahaakshmf, Sddha, sayer of
Ruru. Thou art Gyatr, Mahr|n, Revat, and the dweer n the
Vndhya hs; thou art Um and Ktyyn, and the dweer n Kasa,
the mountan of |'S|va.' When Skandha, and Vasshtha, and Brahm, and
the others heard thee prased, under these and other ttes, by |'S|va we
sked n prasng, they aso prased thee. And by prasng thee, O adorabe
one, mmortas, rshs, and men obtaned, and do now obtan, boons
above ther desre. So be favourabe to me, O bestower of boons and do
thou aso receve ths trbute of the sacrfce of my body, and may
prosperty befa my ord the kng!" After sayng ths, he was preparng
to eat off hs own head,|*| but a bodess voce was heard at that moment
from the ar, "Do not aet rashy, my son, for I am we-peased wth ths
courage of thne, so crave from me the boon that thou dost desre." When
"Vravara heard that, he sad, "If thou art peased, goddess, then may kng
Vkramatuaga ve another hundred years. And may my wfe and chdren
return to fe." When he craved ths boon, there agan sounded from the
ar the words "So be t!" And mmedatey the three, Dharmavat,
Sattvavara, and Vravat rose up wth unwounded bodes. Then Vravara
was deghted, and took home to hs house a those who had been thus
restored to fe by the favour of the goddess, and returned to the kng's
gate.
* In |'s|.. 163 (a) I read mama for may wth the Sanskrt Coege MS.
* Tho story, as tod n Chapter 78, s somewhat dfferent from ths.
-----Fe: 536.png---------------------------------------------------------
But the kng, havng behed a ths wth |oy and astonshment, went
and agan ascended the roof of hs paace unobserved. And he cred out
from above--"Who s on guard at the paace-gate?" When Vravara,
who was beow, heard that, he answered--"I am here, and I went to dscover
that woman, but she vanshed somewhere as soon as I saw her, ke a
goddess." When kng Vkramatunga heard ths, as he had seen the whoe
transacton, whch was exceedngy wonderfu, he refected wth hmsef
aone n the nght: "Oh! surey ths man s an unheard of marve of
herosm, to perform such an exceedngy mertorous acton, and not to gve
any account of t. The sea, though deep, and broad, and fu of great
monsters,|*| does not ve wth ths man, who s frm even n the shock of a
mghty tempest. What return can I make to hm, who secrety redeemed
my fe ths nght by the sacrfce of hs son and wfe?" Thus refectng,
the kng descended from the roof of the paace, and went nto hs prvate
apartments, and passed that nght n smng. And n the mornng, when
Vravara was present n the great assemby, be reated hs wonderfu expot
that nght. Then a prased that Vravara, and the kng conferred on hm
and hs son a turban of honour. And he gave hm many domans, horses,
|ewes, and eephants, and ten crores of god peces, and a saary sxty
tmes as great as before. And mmedatey the Brhman Vravara became
equa to a kng, wth a ofty umbrea, beng prosperous, hmsef and hs
famy.
When the mnster Gomukha had tod ths tae, he agan sad to
Naravhanadatta, summng up the sub|ect--"Thus, kng, do soveregns, by
ther mert n a prevous fe, sometmes fa n wth exceptonay heroc
servants, who, n ther nobty of sou, abandonng regard for ther ves
and a other possessons for the sake of ther master, conquer competey
the two words. And Praambabhu, ths atey arrved heroc Brhman
servant of yours, my kng, s seen to be such, of setted vrtue and
character, a man n whom the quaty of goodness s ever on the ncrease."
When the nobe-mnded prnce Naravhanadatta heard ths from hs mnster,
the mghty-mnded Gomukha, he fet unsurpassed satsfacton n hs
heart.
CHAPTER LIV.
Thus Naravhanadatta dwet n the house of hs father the kng of
Vatsa, beng attended by hs affectonate mnsters, Gomukha and the others,
* There s a pun n ths word mahsattva. It means nobe, good, vrtuous, and
aso fu of great monsters.
-----Fe: 537.png---------------------------------------------------------
and amusng hmsef wth hs ovng queen Aankravat, whose |eaousy
was removed by her great ove, that refused to be hampered by
femae prde. Then, once on a tme, he went to a forest of wd beasts,
mounted on a charot, wth Gomukha seated behnd hm. And, wth that
heroc Brhman Praambabhu gong n front of hm, he nduged n svan
sports, accompaned by hs attendants. And though the horses of hs charot
gaoped at the utmost of ther speed, Praambabhu outstrpped ther
swftness, and st kept n front of them. The prnce from hs poston on
the charot ked ons, and tgers, and other wd beasts wth arrows, but
Praambabhu, gong on foot, sew them wth hs sword. And Naravhanadatta,
as often as he behed that Brhman, sad n astonshment--What
courage, and what feetness of foot he possesses!"
And the prnce, beng weared at the end of hs huntng, and overcome
wth thrst, went n search of water, mounted on hs charot, wth Gomukha
and hs charoteer, and preceded by that champon Praambabhu, and
n the course of hs search he reached another great forest far dstant.
There he came to a great and charmng ake wth fu-bown goden otuses,
ookng ke a second sky on earth, studded wth many soar orbs. There he
bathed and drank water, and, after he and hs companons had performed
ther abutons and other dutes, he behed at one end of the ake, at a
dstance,
four men of heaveny appearance, dressed n heaveny garments,
adorned wth heaveny ornaments, engaged n cung goden otuses from
that ake. And out of curosty he approached them, and when they
asked hm who he was, he tod them hs descent, hs name and hs hstory.
And they, peased at seeng hm, tod hm ther story when he asked
them; "There s n the mdst of the great sea a great, prosperous and spendd
sand, whch s caed the sand of Nrkea, and s renowned n the word
for ts beauty.|*| And n t there are four mountans wth spendd expanses
of and, named Manka, V|r.|shabha, Chakra, and Bahaka, n those four
we four ve. One of us s named Rpasddh, and he possesses the power
of assumng varous forms; another s by name Pramnasddh, who can
measure the most mnute as we as the argest thngs; and the thrd s
|hnasddh, who knows the past, the present, and the future; and the
fourth s Devasddh, who possesses the power of cang down to hs ad a
the detes. We have now gathered these goden otuses, and are gong to
offer them to the god, the husband of |'S|r, n |'S|vetadvpa. For we are a
of us devoted to hm, and t s by hs favour that we possess rue over
those mountans of ours, and prosperty accompaned wth supernatura
* Ths remnds one of the descrpton whch Paadus gves of the happy sand
of Taprobane. St. Ambrose n hs verson speaks of t as governed by four kngs
or
satraps. The fragment begns at the 7th chapter of the 3rd book of the Hstory
of
the Pseudo-Casthenes edted by Carous Mer.
-----Fe: 538.png---------------------------------------------------------
power. So come, we w shew you the ord Har n |'S|vetadvpa; we w
carry you through the ar, frend, f you approve." When those sons of
gods sad ths, Naravhanadatta consented, and eavng Gomukha and the
others n that pace, where they coud obtan water, fruts and so on, he
went wth them to |'S|vetadvpa through the ar, for Devasddh, one of the
four brothers, carred hm n hs ap. There he descended from heaven, and
behed Vsh|n.|u, and approached hm from a dstance, ntroduced by those
four sons of gods. The god was recnng upon the snake |'S|esha, n front
of hm sat Garu|d.|a, at hs sde was the daughter of the sea,|*| at hs feet
was the Earth, he was wated upon by the dscus, the conch, the cub, and
the otus, ncarnate n body form, and the Gandharvas, wth Nrada at
ther head, were pousy chantng hymns n hs honour, and the gods,
Sddhas, and Vdydharas were bowng before hm. To whom s not
assocaton wth the good a cause of exataton?
Then, after that Lord had been honoured by those sons of gods, and
prased by Ka|'s|yapa and others, Naravhanadatta thus prased hm wth
foded hands, "A ha to thee, venerabe one, the wshng-tree of thy
worshppers, whose body s encrced wth the wsh-grantng creeper of
Lakshm, who art the granter of a desres; ha to thee, the dvne swan,
dweng n the Mnasa-ake of the mnds of the good,|*| ever soarng and
sngng n the hghest ether. Ha to thee, who dost transcend a, and
dwe wthn a, who hast a form transcendng quates, and whose shape s
the fu aggregate of the sx kngy measures;|*| Brahm s the bee on the
otus of thy nave, O Lord, hummng wth the soft sound of Veda-murmur,
though from hm sprng many verses;|*| thy foot s the earth, the
heaven s thy head, the cardna ponts are thy ears, the sun and moon are
thy eyes; thy bey s the egg of Brahm, the gobe of the word; thou
art hymned by the wse as the nfnte sou. From thee, the home of
brghtness, sprng a these creatures, O Lord, as the host of sparks from
the bazng fre, and when the tme of destructon comes, they agan enter
thy essence, as at the end of the day a fock of brds enters the great tree n
whch they dwe. Thou fashest forth, and createst these ords of the
word, who are parts of thee, as the ocean, dsturbed wth a contnua
fow, creates waves. Though the word s thy form, thou art formess;
though the word s thy handwork, thou art free from the bondage of
* . e. Lakshm or |'S|r.
* Hansa--means swan and aso supreme sou, . e., Vsh|n.|u.
* War, peace, marchng, encampng, dvdng one's forces, seekng the aance
of
a more powerfu kng.
* Or sects. The word used for "bee" means teray the sx-footed. The
whoe passage s fu of doube meanngs, charana meanng foot, ne, . e., the
fourth
part of a stanza, and aso sect.
-----Fe: 539.png---------------------------------------------------------
works; though thou art the support of the word, thou art thysef wthout
support; who s he that knows thy rea nature? The gods have obtaned
varous stages of prosperty by beng ooked upon by thee wth a favourabe
eye; so be proptous, and ook upon me, thy suppant, wth an eye
metng wth ove."
When Naravhanadatta had n these words prased Vsh|n.|u, the god
ooked upon hm wth a favourabe eye, and sad to Nrada: "Go and
demand back from Indra n my name those ovey Apsarases of mne, who
ong ago sprang from the sea of mk, and whom I deposted n hs hand,
and make them mount the charot of Indra, and qucky brng them
here." When Nrada receved ths command from Har, he sad "So
be t," and wth Mta he brought the Apsarases from Indra n hs
charot, and then bowng he presented the Apsarases to Vsh|n.|u, and the
Hoy one spake thus to the son of the kng of Vatsa--"Naravhanadatta,
I gve these Apsarases to thee, the future emperor of the kngs of the
Vdydharas. Thou art a fttng husband for them, and they are fttng
wves for thee, for thou hast been created by |'S|va as an ncarnaton of the
god of Love." When Vsh|n.|u sad that, the son of the kng of Vatsa fe
at hs feet, deghted at havng obtaned favour, and Vsh|n.|u thus commanded
Mta,--"Let ths Naravhanadatta, together wth the Apsarases, be
taken back by thee to hs paace, by whatever path he desres."
When the Hoy one gave ths command, Naravhanadatta, wth the
Apsarases and those sons of gods who nvted hm, mounted the charot
whch was drven by Mta, and went to the sand of Nrkea, beng
enved even by gods. There the successfu hero, honoured by those four
sons of gods, Rpasddh and hs brethren, and accompaned by Indra's
charot, sported n successon on those four mountans on whch they dwet,
Manka, V|r.|shabha, and the others, that ved wth heaven, n the company
of those Apsarases. And he roamed, fu of |oy, n the thckets of ther
peasure-grounds, the varous spendd trees of whch were n bossom on
account of the arrva of the month of sprng. And those sons of gods
sad to hm: "See! these custers on the trees seem to be regardng wth
the expanded eyes of ther open fowers ther beoved sprng that has
arrved. See! the fu-bown otuses shed the ake, as f to prevent ther
pace of brth from beng affcted by the warmth of the sun's rays. See!
the bees, after resortng to a Karnkra spendd wth bossoms, eave t
agan, fndng t desttute of perfume, as good men eave a rch man of
mean character. See! a concert s beng hed n honour of sprng, the kng
of the seasons, wth the songs of the Knnars, the notes of the cuckoos,
and the hummng of bees." Wth such words those sons of gods shewed
Naravhanadatta the range of ther peasure-grounds. And the son of the
kng of Vatsa amused hmsef aso n ther ctes, behodng the merry-*
-----Fe: 540.png---------------------------------------------------------
*makng of the ctzens, who danced wthout restrant n honour of the
sprng-festva. And he en|oyed wth the Apsarases deghts ftted for
gods; wherever the vrtuous go, ther good fortunes precede them.
After remanng there for four days thus occuped, Naravhanadatta sad
to those sons of gods hs frends; "I now wsh to go to my own cty, beng
anxous to behod my father;|*| so come you aso to that cty and bess t
wth a vst." When they heard that, they sad: "We have seen you, the
chocest |ewe n that town; what more do we requre? But when you
have obtaned the scences of the Vdydharas, you must not forget us."
Wth these words they dsmssed hm, and Naravhanadatta sad to Mta,
who brought hm the spendd charot of Indra; "Take me to the cty of
Kau|'s|mb by a course eadng past that ovey ake, on the bank of whch I
eft Gomukha and the others." Mta consented, and the prnce ascended
the charot wth the Apsarases, and reached that ake, and saw Gomukha
and the others, and sad to them, "Come qucky by your own way, I w
te you a when I get home." Havng sad ths, he went to Kau|'s|mb n
the charot of Indra. There he descended from heaven, and dsmssed
Mta after honourng hm, and entered hs own paace accompaned by
those Apsarases. And eavng them there, he went and prostrated hmsef
before the feet of hs father, who was deghted at hs arrva, and aso of
Vsavadatt and Padmvat, and they wecomed hm, and ther eyes were
never satsfed wth gazng on hm. And n the meanwhe Gomukha came,
rdng on the charot, wth the charoteer, and that Brhman Praambabhu.
Then, beng questoned by hs father, Naravhanadatta reated n the
presence of a hs mnsters hs very wonderfu adventures. And a sad--"God
grants to that vrtuous man, whom he wshes to favour, assocaton
wth good frends." When a sad ths, the kng was peased, and ordered
a festva for hs son on account of the favour whch Vsh|n.|u had shewed
towards hm. And he and hs wves saw those Apsarases hs daughters-n-aw,
obtaned by the favour of Vsh|n.|u, whom Gomukha brought to fa at
hs feet, Devarup, and Devarat, and Devam, and the fourth Devapry,
whose names he enqured by the mouth of ther mads. And the cty of
Kau|'s|mb, makng festva, appeared as f scatterng red pant wth ts
wavng scaret banners, as much as to say: "What am I that Apsarases
shoud dwe n me? Bessed am I that the prnce Naravhanadatta has
made me a heaveny cty upon earth." And Naravhanadatta, after he
had re|oced the eyes of hs father, vsted hs other wves, who were
anxousy awatng hm, and they, who had been emacated by those four
days, as f they were four years, exuted, reatng the varous woes of ther
separaton. And Gomukha descrbed the vaour of Praambabhu, whe he
* Dar|'s|ana utsuka|h.| shoud probaby be read here for the sake of the metre.
-----Fe: 541.png---------------------------------------------------------
was protectng the horses durng ther so|ourn n the forest, n kng ons
and other noxous beasts. Thus stenng to peasng unrestraned conversaton,
and contempatng the beauty of hs beoved ones, that was as
nectar to hs eyes, and makng fatterng speeches, and drnkng wne n
the company of hs mnsters, Naravhanadatta passed that tme there n
happness.
Once on a tme, as he was n the apartments of Aankravat wth hs
mnsters, he heard a oud sound of drums outsde. Then he sad to hs
genera Har|'s|kha: "What may be the cause of ths sudden great nose of
drums outsde?" When Har|'s|kha heard ths, he went out, and enterng agan
mmedatey sad to the prnce, the son of the kng of Vatsa; "There s
n ths town a merchant of the name of Rudra, and he went to the sand
of Suvar|n.|advpa on a mercante expedton. As he was returnng, the hoard
of weath, that he had managed to acqure, was ost, beng sunk n the sea
by hs shp founderng. And he hmsef happened to escape from the sea
ave. And to-day s the sxth day snce he arrved n msery at hs own
house. After he had been vng here for some days n dstress, t happened
that he found a great treasure n hs garden. And the kng of Vatsa
heard of t from hs reatons, so the merchant came to-day and represented
the matter to the kng; sayng--'I have obtaned four crores of god
peces wth a muttude of vauabe |ewes, so, f the kng commands me,
I w hand them over.' The kng of Vatsa thereupon gave ths command
to the merchant--'Who that had any sense,|*| after seeng you n dstress,
pundered by the sea, woud punder you agan, now that you have been
supped wth weath by the mercy of Provdence. Go and en|oy at w
the weath obtaned from your own ground.' The merchant fe at the
kng's feet fu of |oy, and t s ths very man that s now returnng to hs
house, wth hs attendants beatng drums." When Har|'s|kha sad ths,
Naravhanadatta prased the |ustce of hs father, and sad n astonshment
to hs mnsters--"If Destny sometmes takes away weath, does she not
sometmes afterwards gve t. She sports n a strange way wth the rasng
and depressng of men." When Gomukha heard that, he sad--"Such
s the course of Destny! And n proof of ths, hear the story of Samudra|'s|ra."
Story of the merchant Samudra|'s|ra
In od tmes there was a spendd
cty, beongng to the kng Harshavarman,
caed Harshapura, the ctzens of whch were made happy by good
government. In ths cty there was a great merchant, named Samudra|'s|ra;
he was of good famy, |ust, of resoute courage, a ord of much weath.
He was once compeed by hs busness to go to Suvarnadvpa|**typo?
Suvar|n.|advpa|, and reachng
the shore of the sea, he embarked on a shp. As he was traveng over the
* Here there s a pun.
-----Fe: 542.png---------------------------------------------------------
sea, when hs |ourney was very neary at an end, a terrbe coud arose and
a wnd that agtated the deep. The wnd tossed the shp about wth the
voence of the waves, and t was struck by a sea-monster and spt asunder;
and then the merchant, grdng up hs ons, punged nto the sea. And
after the brave man had made some way by swmmng, he found the corpse
of a man ong dead, drven hther and thther by the wnd. And he cmbed
up on the corpse, and skfuy paddng hmsef aong wth hs arms, he
was carred to Suvarnadvpa by a favourabe wnd. There he got off that
corpse on to the sand, and he perceved that t had a coth ted round ts
ons, wth a knot n t. When he unfastened the coth from ts ons, and
examned t, he found nsde t a neckace rchy studded wth |ewes.
He saw that t was of nestmabe vaue, and he bathed and remaned n a
state of great fecty, thnkng that the weath he had ost n the sea was
but straw n comparson wth t. Then he went on to a cty caed Kaa|'s|apura,
and wth the braceet n hs hand, entered the encosure of a great
tempe. There he sat n the shade, and beng exceedngy tred wth hs
exertons n the water, he sowy dropped off to seep, bewdered by
Destny. And whe he was aseep, the pocemen came and saw that
neckace n hs hand exposed to vew. They sad--"Here s the neckace
stoen from the neck of the prncess Chakrasen; wthout doubt ths s the
thef." And so they woke the merchant up and took hm to the paace.
There the kng hmsef questoned hm, and he tod hm what had taken
pace. The kng hed out the neckace, and sad to the peope present n
court,--"Ths man s speakng fasey; he s a thef, ook at ths neckace."
And at that very moment a kte saw t gtterng, and qucky
swoopng down from heaven, carred off the neckace, and dsappeared where
he coud not be traced. Then the kng, n hs anger, commanded that the
merchant shoud be put to death, and he, n great gref, nvoked the protecton
of |'S|va. Then a voce was heard from heaven--"Do not put ths
man to death: he s a respectabe merchant named Samudra|'s|ra from the
cty of Harshapura, that has anded on your terrtory. The thef, who stoe
the neckace, fed, besde hmsef wth fear of the poce, and fang nto
the sea at nght, pershed. But ths merchant here, when hs shp foundered,
came upon the body of that thef, and cmbng up on t, he crossed
the sea and came here. And then he found the neckace n the knot of the
coth fastened round hs ons; he dd not take t from your house. So
et go, Kng, ths vrtuous merchant, who s not a thef; dsmss hm wth
honour." Havng sad ths, the voce ceased. When the kng heard ths,
he was satsfed, and revokng the capta sentence passed on the merchant,
he honoured hm wth weath, and et hm go. And the merchant, havng
obtaned weath, bought wares, and agan crossed the terrbe ocean n a shp,
n order to return to hs own natve and.
-----Fe: 543.png---------------------------------------------------------
And after he had crossed the sea, he traveed wth a caravan, and one
day, at evenng tme, he reached a wood. The caravan encamped n the
wood for the nght, and whe Samudra|'s|ra was awake, a powerfu host of
bandts attacked t. Whe the bandts were massacrng the members of
the caravan, Samudra|'s|ra eft hs wares and fed, and cmbed up a banyan-
tree
wthout beng dscovered. The host of bandts departed, after they
had carred off a the weath, and the merchant spent that nght there,
perpexed
wth fear, and dstracted wth gref. In the mornng he cast hs
eye towards the top of the tree, and saw, as fate woud have t, what
ooked ke the ght of a amp, trembng among the eaves. And n hs
astonshment he cmbed up the tree, and saw a kte's nest, n whch there
was a heap of gtterng prceess |eweed ornaments. He took them a out
of t, and found among the ornaments that neckace, whch he had found
n Svarnadvpa and the kte had carred off. He obtaned from that nest
unmted weath, and, descendng from the tree, he went off deghted,
and reached n course of tme hs own cty of Harshapura. There the
merchant Samudra|'s|ra remaned, en|oyng hmsef to hs heart's content
wth hs famy, free from the desre of any other weath.
"So you have that merchant's whemng n the sea, and that oss of
hs weath, and the fndng of the neckace, and agan the osng of t, and
hs undeserved degradaton to the poston of a maefactor, and hs
mmedate obtanng of weath from the satsfed kng, and hs return-voyage
over the sea, and hs beng strpped of a hs weath by fang n
wth bandts on the |ourney, and at ast hs acquston of weath from the
top of a tree. So you see, prnce, such s the varous workng of destny,
but a vrtuous man, though he may have endured sorrow, obtans |oy at the
ast." When Naravhanadatta heard ths from Gomukha, he approved t,
and rsng up, he performed hs day dutes, such as bathng and the ke.
And the next day, when he was n the ha of assemby, the heroc
prnce Samaratunga, who had been hs servant ever snce he was a boy, came
and sad to hm--"Prnce, my reaton Sangrmarvarsha has ravaged my
terrtory, wth the hep of hs four sons, Vra|ta and the others. So I w
go mysef, and brng them a fve here as prsoners. Let my ord know
ths." After sayng ths he departed. And the son of the kng of Vatsa,
knowng that he had but a sma force, and that those others had arge
forces, ordered hs own army to foow hm. But that proud man refused
to receve ths accesson to hs force, and went and conquered those fve
enemes n fght by the hep of hs own two arms ony, and brought them
back prsoners. Naravhanadatta honoured and prased hs foower, when
he came back vctorous, and sad--"How wonderfu! Ths man has conquered
hs fve enemes, though wth ther forces they had overrun hs
-----Fe: 544.png---------------------------------------------------------
terrtory, and has done the deed of a hero, as a man conquers the senses,
when they have ad hod upon outward ob|ects, and are powerfu, and so
accompshes emancpaton, the work of the sou."|*| When Gomukha
heard that, he sad--"If, prnce, you have not heard the tae of kng
Chamaraba, whch s smar, sten, I w te t."
Story of kng Chamaraba.
There s a cty named Hastnpura, and n t there ved a kng
named Chamaraba, who possessed treasure, a fort, and an army. And he
had, as neghbours to hs terrtory, severa kngs of the same famy as
hmsef, the chef of whom was Samaraba, and they put ther heads
together and refected: "Ths kng Chamaraba defeats us a, one by
one; so we w |on together and accompsh hs overthrow." After
thus deberatng, those fve kngs' beng anxous to march out aganst hm
to conquer hm, secrety asked an astrooger when a favourabe moment
woud come. The astrooger, not seeng a favourabe moment, and not
seeng good omens, sad--"There s no favourabe moment for you ths
year. Under whatever crcumstances you set out on your expedton, you
w not be vctorous. And why are you so eager for the undertakng, behodng
hs prosperty? En|oyment s after a the frut|*| of prosperty, and
you have en|oyments n abundance. And now hear, f you have not heard
t before, the story of the two merchants."
Story of Ya|'s|ovarman and the two fortunes.
There was n od tme n ths
country a cty, named Kautukapura.
In t there ved a kng, caed Bahusuvarnaka,|*| rghty named. And he
had a young Kshatrya servant named Ya|'s|ovarman. To that man the
kng never gave anythng, though he was generous by nature. Whenever
n hs dstress he asked the kng, the kng sad to hm, pontng to the sun,
"I wsh to gve to you, but ths hoy god w not permt me to gve
to you. Te me what I am to do." Whe he remaned dstressed,
watchng for an opportunty, the tme for an ecpse of the sun arrved.
Then Ya|'s|ovarman, who had constanty served the kng, went and sad to
hm, when he was engaged n gvng many vauabe presents: "Gve me
somethng, my soveregn, whe ths sun, who w not permt you to gve,
s n the grasp of hs enemy." When the kng, who had gven many
presents, heard that, he aughed, and gave garments, god, and other thngs
to hm.
In course of tme that weath was consumed, and he, beng affcted, as
the kng gave hm nothng, and havng ost hs wfe, went to the shrne of
* Ths passage s an eaborate pun throughout.
* I read phaam whch I fnd n the Sans|k.|rt Coege MS. nstead of param.
* .e., possessor of much god.
-----Fe: 545.png---------------------------------------------------------
the goddess that dwes n the Vndhya hs.|*| He sad--"What s the use
of ths proftess body that s dead even whe ave? I w abandon t
before the shrne of the goddess, or gan the desred boon." Resoved
on ths course, he ay down on a bed of darbha grass n front of the
goddess, wth hs mnd ntent on her, and fastng he performed a severe
penance. And the goddess sad to hm n a dream, "I am peased wth
thee, my son; te me, sha I gve thee the good fortune of weath, or the
good fortune of en|oyment?" When Ya|'s|ovarman heard ths, he answered
the goddess, "I do not precsey know the dfference between these two
good fortunes." Then the goddess sad to hm: "Return to thy own country,
and there go and examne nto the good fortunes of the two merchants,
Arthavarman and Bhogavarman, and fnd out whch of the two peases
thee, and then come here and ask a ke fortune for thysef." When
Ya|'s|ovarman
heard ths, he woke up, and next mornng he broke hs fast, and
went to hs own country of Kautukapura.
There he frst went to the house of Arthavarman,|*| who had acqured
much weath, n the form of god, |ewes, and other precous thngs, by hs
busness transactons. Seeng that prosperty of hs, he approached hm
wth due poteness, and was wecomed by hm, and nvted to dnner.
Then he sat by the sde of that Arthavarman, and ate food approprate to
a guest, wth meat-curry and ghee. But Arthavarman ate barey-mea, wth
haf a pa of ghee and a tte rce, and a sma quantty of meat-curry.
Ya|'s|ovarman sad to the merchant out of curosty--"Great merchant, why
do you eat so tte?" Thereupon the merchant gave hm ths answer:
"To-day out of regard for you I have eaten a tte rce wth meat-curry
and haf a pa of ghee; I have aso eaten some barey-mea. But as a genera
rue, I eat ony a karsha of ghee and some barey-mea, I have a weak
dgeston,
and cannot dgest more n my stomach." When Ya|'s|ovarman heard that,
he turned the matter over n hs mnd, and formed an unfavourabe opnon
of that prosperty of Arthavarman's, as beng wthout frut. Then, at
nghtfa, that merchant Arthavarman agan brought rce and mk for
Ya|'s|ovarman to eat. And Ya|'s|ovarman agan ate of t to hs f, and then
Arthavarman drank one paa of mk. And n that same pace Ya|'s|ovarman
and Arthavarman both made ther beds, and graduay fe aseep.
And at mdnght Ya|'s|ovarman suddeny saw n hs seep some men of
terrbe appearance wth cubs n ther hands, enterng the room. And they
* .e., Durg. For m|r.|ta|tr I read m|r.|ta|nr whch s the readng of the MS.
n the Sans|k.|rt Coege. In the next ne |vt shoud be |vat.
* Cp. the story of Dhanagupta and Upabhuktadhana, Benfey's Panchatantru,
Vo.
II, p. 197. It s part of the ffth story, that of Somaka. See Benfey, Vo. I, p. 321
where he traces t to a Buddhst source.
-----Fe: 546.png---------------------------------------------------------
excamed angry--"Fe! why have you taken to-day one karsha more of
ghee than the sma amount aowed to you, and eaten meat-curry, and
drunk a paa of mk?" Then they dragged Arthavarman by hs foot and
beat hm wth cubs. And they extracted from hs stomach the karsha of
ghee, and the mk, fesh, and rce, whch he had consumed above hs
aowance.
"When Ya|'s|ovarman had seen that, he woke up and ooked about hm,
and o! Arthavarman had woke up, and was sezed wth coc. Then
Arthavarman,
cryng out, and havng hs stomach rubbed by hs servants, vomted
up a the food he had eaten above the proper aowance. After the merchant's
coc was aayed, Ya|'s|ovarman sad to hmsef: "Away wth ths
good fortune of weath, whch nvoves en|oyment of such an equvoca
knd! Ths woud be atogether neutrazed by such msery of heath."
In such nterna refectons he passed that nght.
And n the mornng he took eave of Arthavarman, and went to the
house of that merchant Bhogavarman. There he approached hm n due
form, and he receved hm wth poteness, and nvted hm to dne wth hm
on that day. Now he dd not perceve any weath n the possesson of
that merchant, but he saw that he had a nce house, and dresses, and
ornaments.
Whe Ya|'s|ovarman was watng there, the merchant Bhogavarman
proceeded to do hs own speca busness. He took merchandse from one
man, and mmedatey handed t over to another, and wthout any capta
of hs own, ganed dnrs by the transacton. And he qucky sent those
dnrs by the hand of hs servant to hs wfe, n order that she mght procure
a knds of food and drnk. And mmedatey one of that merchant's
frend's|**typo? s/b frends|, named Ichchhbhara|n.|a, rushed n and sad to
hm: "Our dnner
s ready, rse up and come to us, and et us eat, for a our other frends
have assembed and are watng for you." He answered, "I sha not
come to-day, for I have a guest here." Thereupon hs frend went on to
say to hm, "Then et ths guest come wth you; s he not our frend
aso? Rse up qucky." Bhogavarman, beng thus earnesty nvted by
that frend, went wth hm, accompaned by Ya|'s|ovarman, and ate exceent
food. And, after drnkng wne, he returned, and agan en|oyed a knds of
vands and wnes at hs own house n the evenng. And when nght came
on, he asked hs servants--"Have we enough wne eft for the atter part
of the nght or not?" When they reped, "No, master," the merchant
went to bed, excamng, "How are we to drnk water n the atter part of
the nght?"
Then Ya|'s|ovarman, seepng at hs sde, saw n a dream two or three men
enter, and some others behnd them. And those who entered ast, havng
stcks n ther hands, excamed angry to those who entered frst--"You
rascas! Why dd you not provde wne for Bhogavarman to drnk n the
atter haf of the nght? Where have you been a ths tme?" Then
-----Fe: 547.png---------------------------------------------------------
they beat them wth strokes of ther stcks. The men who were beaten
wth stcks, sad, "Pardon ths snge faut on our part." And then they
and the others went out of the room.
Then Ya|'s|ovarman, havng seen that sght, woke up and refected,
"The good fortune of en|oyment of Bhogavarman, n whch bessngs
arrve unthought of, s preferabe to the good fortune of weath of Arthavarman,
whch, though attended wth opuence, s devod of en|oyment.
In these refectons he spent the rest of the nght.
And eary the next mornng Ya|'s|ovarman took eave of that exceent
merchant, and agan repared to the feet of Durg, the goddess that dwes
n the Vndhya range. And he chose out of those two good fortunes
mentoned by the goddess, when she appeared to hm on a former
occason,|*| whe he was engaged n austertes, the good fortune of
en|oyment,
and the goddess granted t to hm. Then Ya|'s|ovarman returned
home and ved n happness, thanks to the good fortune of en|oyment,
whch, owng to the favour of the goddess, contnuay presented tsef to
hm unthought of.
"So a smaer fortune, accompaned wth en|oyment; s to be preferred
to a great fortune, whch, though great, s devod of en|oyment and therefore
useess. So why are you annoyed at the good fortune of kng
Chamaraba, whch s combned wth meanness, and do not consder
your own fortune, whch s rch n the power of gvng and n en|oyment?
So an attack on hm by you s not advsabe, and there s no auspcous
moment for commencng the expedton, and I do not foresee vctory
to you." Though those fve kngs were thus warned by the astrooger,
they marched n ther mpatence aganst kng Chamaraba.
And when kng Chamaraba heard that they had reached the border, he
bathed n the mornng, and worshpped |'S|va duy by hs auspcous names
referrng to sxty-eght exceent parts of the body,|*|--hs names that
destroy sn and grant a desres. And then he heard a voce comng from
heaven, "Kng, fght wthout fear, thou shat conquer thy enemes n
batte." Then kng Chamaraba was deghted, and grded on hs armour,
and accompaned by hs army, marched out to fght wth those foes. In
the army of hs enemes there were thrty thousand eephants, and three
hundred thousand horses, and ten mon foot-soders. And n hs own
army there were twenty hundred thousand foot-soders, and ten thousand
eephants, and a hundred thousand horses. Then a great batte took pace
between those two armes, and kng Chamaraba, preceded by hs
warder Vra,|*| who was rghty so named, entered that fed of batte, as the
hoy Vsh|n.|u, n the form of the great boar, entered the great ocean. And
* I read tapa|h.|stha-prva-d|r.|sh|t.|ys one word.
* |'S|va s nvoked by a dfferent name for each mb whch he s asked to
protect.
* Vra means hero.
-----Fe: 548.png---------------------------------------------------------
though he had but a sma army, he so grevousy smote that great army
of hs foes, that san horses, eephants, and footmen ay n heaps. And
when kng Samaraba came across hm n the batte, he rushed upon hm,
and smote hm wth an ron spear, and drawng hm towards hm wth a asso,
made hm prsoner. And then n the same way he smote the second kng
Samara|s|ra n the heart wth an arrow, and drawng hm towards hm wth
a noose, made hm aso prsoner. And hs warder, named Vra, captured the
thrd kng, named Samara|ta, and brought hm to hm. And hs genera,
named Devabaa, brought and presented to hm the fourth kng, named
Pratpachandra, wounded wth an arrow: Then the ffth kng Pratpasena,
behodng that, fe furousy upon kng Chamaraba n the fght.
But he repeed hs arrows wth the muttude of hs own, and perced hm
wth three arrows n the forehead. And when he was bewdered wth the
bows of the arrows, Chamaraba, ke a second Destny, fung a noose
round hs neck, and draggng hm aong made hm a captve. When those
fve kngs had n ths way been taken prsoners n successon, as many of
ther soders, as had escaped saughter, fed, dspersng themseves n every
drecton. And kng Chamaraba captured an nfnte mass of god and
|ewes, and many wves beongng to those kngs. And among them, the
head queen of kng Pratpasena, caed Ya|s|oekh, a ovey woman, fe
nto hs hands.
Then he entered hs cty, and gave turbans of honour to the warder
Vra and the genera Devabaa, and oaded them wth |ewes. And the
kng made Ya|s|oekh an nmate of hs own harem, on the ground that she,
beng the wfe of Pratpasena, was captured accordng to the custom of
the Kshatryas. And she, though fghty, submtted to hm because he had
won her by the mght of hs arm; n those abandoned to the ntoxcaton
of ove the mpressons of vrtue are evanescent. And after some days,
kng Chamaraba, beng socted by the queen Ya|s|oekh, et go those
fve captve kngs, Pratpasena and the others, after they had earnt
submsson and done homage, and after honourng them, dsmssed them to
ther own kngdoms. And then kng Chamaraba ong rued hs own
weathy kngdom, n whch there were no opponents, and the enemes of
whch had been conquered, and he sported wth that Ya|s|oekh, who
surpassed
n form and oveness beautfu Apsarases, beng, as t were, the banner
that announced hs vctory over hs foes.
"Thus a brave man, though unsupported, conquers n the front of batte
even many enemes comng aganst hm n fght, dstracted wth hate, and
not consderng the resources of themseves and ther foe, and by hs
surpassng
bravery puts a stop to the fever of ther concet and prde."
When Naravhanadatta had heard ths nstructve tae tod by Gomukha,
he prased t, and set about hs day dutes of bathng and so on.
-----Fe: 549.png---------------------------------------------------------
And he spent that nght, whch was devoted to the amusement of a concert,
n sngng wth hs wves n such a ravshng way, that Sarasvat from her
seat n heaven gave hm and hs beoved ones hgh commendaton.
CHAPTER LV.
Then, the next day, as Naravhanadatta was sttng n the apartments
of Aankravat, a servant of Marubht's, the brother of Sauvdaa the
guard of the prnce's harem, came and sad to hm n the presence of a
hs mnsters--"Kng, I have attended on Marubht for two years; he
has gven food and cothng to me and my wfe: but he w not gve me
the ffty dnrs a year, whch he promsed me n addton. And when I
asked hm for t, he gave me a kck. So I am sttng n dharna aganst
hm at your Hghness's door. If your Hghness does not gve |udgment
n ths ease, I sha enter the fre. What more can I say? For you are
my soveregn." When he had sad ths, he stopped, and Marubht sad--"I
must gve hm the dnrs, but I have not got the money at present."
When he sad ths, a the mnsters aughed at hm, and Naravhanadatta
sad to the mnster Marubht: "What are you thnkng about, you foo?
Your ntentons are not over-credtabe. Rse up, gve hm the hundred
dnrs wthout deay." When Marubht heard ths speech of hs soveregn's,
he was ashamed, and mmedatey brought that hundred dnrs and
gave t to hm. Then Gomukha sad--"Marubht s not to be bamed,
because the works of the Creator's hand have varyng moods of mnd.
Have you not heard the story of kng Chradt|r.|, and hs servant named
Prasanga?"
Story of Chradt|r.|.
In od tme there was a kng
named Chradt|r.|, soveregn or Chrapura.
Though he was an exceent man, hs foowers were extremey
wcked. And that kng had a servant, named Prasanga, who had come from
another country, and was accompaned by two frends. And fve years
passed, whe he was performng hs dutes, but the kng gave hm nothng,
not even when an occason was presented by a feast or somethng of the
knd. And owng to the wckedness of the courters, he never obtaned an
opportunty of representng hs case to the kng, though hs frends were
contnuay nstgatng hm to do so.
Now one day the kng's nfant son ded, and when he was greved at
t, a hs servants came and crowded round hm. And among them the
servant, named Prasanga, out of pure sorrow, sad to the kng as foows,
-----Fe: 550.png---------------------------------------------------------
though hs two frends tred to prevent hm, "We have been your servants,
your Hghness, for a ong tme, and you have never gven us anythng,
nevertheess we have remaned here because we had hopes from your son;
for we thought that, athough you have never gven us anythng, your son
woud certany gve us somethng. If Fate has carred hm off, what s
the use of remanng here now? We w mmedatey take our departure."
Thus he excamed, and fe at the feet of the kng, and went out wth hs
two frends. The kng refected--"Ah! though these men had fxed ther
hopes on my son, they have been fathfu servants to me, so I must not
abandon them." Thereupon he mmedatey had Prasanga and hs companons
summoned, and oaded them so wth weath that poverty dd not
agan ay hod on them.
"So you see, men have varous dspostons, for that kng dd not gve
at the proper season, but dd gve n the unseasonabe hour of caamty."
When Gomukha, skfu n story-teng, had sad ths, he went on, at the
nstgaton of the son of the soveregn of Vatsa, to te the foowng tae:
Story of kng Kanakavarsha and Madanasundar.
There was n od tme on the
banks of the Ganges an exceent
cty, named Kanakapura, the peope of whch were purfed n the water
of the rver; and whch was a deghtfu pace on account of ts good
government. In ths cty the ony mprsonment seen was the commttng
to paper of the words of poets, the ony knd of defeat was the curng
n the ocks of the women, the ony contest was the strugge of gettng
the corn nto the granary.|*|
In that cty there dwet n od tme a gorous kng, named Kanakavarsha,
who was born to Pryadar|'s|ana, the son of Vsuk, kng of the
snakes, by the prncess Ya|'s|odhar. Though he bore the weght of the
whoe earth, he was adorned wth nnumerabe vrtues, he onged for gory,
not for weath, he feared sn, not hs enemy. He was du n sanderng hs
neghbour, but not n the hoy treatses; there was restrant n the hgh-soued
hero's wrath, not n hs favour; he was resoute-mnded; he was
nggardy n curses, not n gfts; he rued the whoe word; and such was
hs extraordnary beauty that a women, the moment they saw hm, were
dstracted wth the pan of ove.
Once on a tme, n an autumn, that was characterzed by heat, that
maddened eephants, that was attended by focks of swans, and deghted
the sub|ects wth re|ocngs,|*| he entered a pcture-paace whch was cooed
* The puns here defy transaton.
* Here the Sans|k.|rt text has "and so resembed hmsef." Each of the
Sans|k.|rt
compounds may be taken n another sense. The "heat" s vaour; the "swans"
sub|ect kngs; the sght of the kng deghted hs sub|ects, and he possessed
furous
eephants.
-----Fe: 551.png---------------------------------------------------------
by wnds that bew aden wth the scent of otuses. There he observed and
prased the dspay of pctures, and n the meanwhe there entered the
warder, who sad to the kng--
"Your ma|esty, an unequaed panter has arrved here from U||ayn,
boastng hmsef to be matchess n the art of pantng. Hs name s
Roadeva, and he has to-day set up a notce at the paace gate to the above
effect." "When the kng heard that, he fet respect for hm, and ordered
hm to be ntroduced, and the warder mmedatey went and brought hm
n. The panter entered, and behed the kng Kanakavarsha amusng hmsef
n prvate wth ookng at pctures, recnng hs body on the ap of
beautfu women, and takng n careessy crooked fngers the prepared
bete. And the panter Roadeva made obesance to the kng, who receved
hm potey, and sttng down sad sowy to hm--"O kng, I put up a
notce prncpay through the desre of behodng your feet, not out of
prde n my sk, so you must excuse ths deed of mne. And you must
te me what form I am to represent on canvass, et not the troube I took
n earnng ths accompshment be thrown away, O kng." When the
panter sad ths to the kng, he reped, "Teacher, pant anythng you
w, et us gve our eyes a treat: what doubt can there be about your
sk?"
When the kng sad ths, hs courters excamed--"Pant the kng:
what s the use of pantng others, ugy n comparson wth hm?" When,
the panter heard ths, he was peased, and panted the kng, wth aqune
nose, wth amond-shaped fery eye, wth broad forehead, wth cury back
har, wth ampe breast, gorous wth the scars of wounds nfcted by
arrows and other weapons, wth handsome arms resembng the trunks of
the eephants that support the quarters, wth wast capabe of beng spanned
wth the hand, as f t had been a present from the on-wheps conquered
by hs mght, and wth thghs ke the post for fastenng the eephant
of youth, and wth beautfu feet, ke the shoots of the a|'s|oka. And a,
when they behed that fe-ke keness of the kng, appauded that panter,
and sad to hm; "We do not ke to see the kng aone on the pcture-pane,
so pant on t one of these queens by hs sde, carefuy choosng
one, that w be a worthy pendant to hm; et the feast of our eyes be
compete."
When they sad ths, the panter ooked at the pcture and sad,
"Though there are many of these queens, there s none among them ke
the kng, and I beeve there s no woman on the earth a match for hm n
beauty, except one prncess--sten, I w te you about her.
"In Vdarbha there s a prosperous town named Ku|n.||d.|na, and n t there
s a kng of the name of Deva|'s|akt. And he has a queen named Anantavat,
dearer to hm than fe, and by her there was born to hm a daughter
-----Fe: 552.png---------------------------------------------------------
named Madanasundar. How coud one ke me presume to descrbe her
beauty wth ths one snge tongue, but so much w I say. When the
Creator had made her, through deght n her he conceved a desre to
make another ke her, but he w not be abe to do t even n the course of
yugas. That prncess, aone on the earth, s a match for ths kng n shape,
beauty and refnement, n age and brth. For I, when I was there, was
once summoned by her by the mouth of a mad, and I went to her prvate
apartments. There I behed her, freshy anonted wth sanda unguent,
havng a neckace of otus-fbres, tossng on a bed of otuses, beng fanned
by her ades-n-watng wth the wnd of pantan eaves, pae and emacated,
exhbtng the sgns of ove's fever. And n these words was she dssuadng
her ades occuped n fannng her,--'O my frends, away wth
ths sanda unguent and these breezes wafted by pantan eaves; for these,
though coo, scorch up unhappy me.' And when I saw her n ths state, I
was troubed to dvne the reason, and after dong obesance, I sat down
n front of her. And she sad, 'Teacher, pant such a form as ths on
canvass and gve t me.'
"And then she made me pant a certan very handsome youth, sowy
tracng out the form on the ground wth trembng, nectar-dstng hand,
to gude me. And when I had so panted that handsome youth, I sad to
mysef--'She has made me pant the god of Love n vsbe form; but, as
I see that the fowery bow s not represented n hs hand, I know that t
cannot be the god of Love, t must be some extraordnary handsome
young man ke hm. And her outburst of ove-sckness has to do wth
hm. So I must depart hence, for ths kng, her father Deva|'s|akt, s severe
n hs |ustce, and f he heard of ths proceedng of mne, he woud not
overook t.' Thus refectng, I dd obesance to that prncess Madanasundar,
and departed, honoured by her.
"But when I was there, O kng, I heard from her attendants, as they
taked freey together, that she had faen n ove wth you from hearng
of you ony. So I have secrety taken a pcture of that prncess on a
sheet of canvass, and have come here qucky to your feet. And when I
behed your ma|esty's appearance, my doubt was at an end, for t was ceary
your ma|esty that the prncess caused to be panted by my hand. And
as t s not possbe to pant her twce, such as she s, I w not represent
her n the pcture as standng at your sde, though she s equa to you n
beauty."
When Roadeva sad ths, the kng sad to hm--"Then shew her as
she s represented on the canvass you have brought wth you." Then the
panter ooked out a pece of canvass whch was n a bag, and shewed the
kng Madanasundar n a pantng. And the kng Kanakavarsha, seeng
that even n a pantng she was wonderfuy beautfu, mmedatey be-*
-----Fe: 553.png---------------------------------------------------------
*came enamoured of her. And he oaded that panter wth much god, and
takng the pcture of hs beoved, retred nto hs prvate apartments.
There he remaned wth hs mnd fxed on her aone, abandonng a
occupatons,
and hs eyes were never satsfed wth gazng on her beauty. It
seemed as f the god of ove was |eaous of hs good ooks, for now that he
had obtaned an opportunty, he tormented hm, smtng hm wth hs arrows
and robbng hm of hs sef-contro. And the ove-pan, whch he had nfcted
on women enamoured of hs handsome shape, was now vsted on that
kng a hundredfod.
And n the course of some days, beng pae and emacated, he tod to
hs confdenta mnsters, who questoned hm, the thought of hs heart.
And after deberatng wth them, he sent to the kng Deva|'s|akt, as
ambassador,
to ask for the hand of hs daughter, a trustworthy Brhman
of good brth, named Sangamasvmn, who was sked n affars, knew
tmes and seasons, and coud speak n a sweet and ofty stye. That
Sangamasvmn went to Vdarbha wth a great retnue, and entered the
cty of Ku|n.||d.|na. And there he had a forma ntervew wth the kng
Deva|'s|akt, and on behaf of hs master asked for the hand of hs daughter.
And Deva|'s|akt refected--"I must gve away ths daughter of mne to
some one, and ths kng Kanakavarsha has been descrbed as my equa, and
he asks for her; so I w gve her to hm." Accordngy he granted the
prayer of Sangamasvmn, and the kng dspayed to the ambassador the
astonshng eegance n the dance of hs daughter Madanasundar. Then
the kng sent away, after honourng hm, and promsng to gve hs
daughter, that Sangamasvmn, who was charmed wth hs sght of her.
And he sent wth hm a counter-ambassador to say, "Fx an auspcous
moment and come here for the marrage. And Sangamasvmn returned,
accompaned by the counter-ambassador, and tod the kng Kanakavarsha
that hs ob|ect was effected. Then the kng ascertaned a favourabe
moment, and honoured that ambassador, and heard from hm over
and over agan how Madanasundar was n ove wth hm. And then the
kng Kanakavarsha set out for the cty of Ku|n.||d.|na, n order to marry her,
wth mnd at ease on account of hs own rresstbe vaour, mounted on
the horse A|'s|kaa,|*| and he smote the |'S|avaras that nhabted the border-
forests,
and took the ves of vng creatures, ke ons and other wd
beasts. And he reached Vdarbha, and entered that cty of Ku|n.||d.|na, wth
kng Deva|'s|akt, who came out to meet hm. Then he entered the kng's
paace, n whch preparatons had been made for the marrage, robbng the
ades of the cty of the feast whch he had gven to ther eyes. And there
he rested a day wth hs retnue, peased at the nobe recepton whch kng
Deva|'s|akt gave hm. And on the next day Deva|'s|akt gave hm hs
* The Sanskrt Coege MS. reads A|'s|kaahayr|d.|ha|h.|.
-----Fe: 554.png---------------------------------------------------------
daughter Madanasundar, together wth a hs weath, retanng ony hs
kngdom.
And kng Kanakavarsha, after he had remaned there seven days,
returned to hs own cty wth hs recenty-marred brde. And when he
arrved wth hs beoved, gvng |oy to the word, ke the moon wth
the moonght, that cty was fu of re|ocng. Then that queen Madanasundar
was dearer than fe to that kng, though he had many wves, as
Rukm|n.| s to Vsh|n.|u. And the wedded coupe remaned fastened together
by ther eyes wth ovey eyeashes, whch were fxed on one another's faces,
resembng the arrows of ove. And n the meanwhe arrved the on of
sprng, wth a tran of expandng faments for mane, tearng to peces the
eephant of femae coyness. And the garden made ready bossomng
mango-pants, by way of bows for the god of Love, wth rows of bees
cngng to them by way of bowstrng. And the wnd from the Maaya
mountan bew, swayng the ove-knded hearts of the wves of men
traveng n foregn ands, as t swayed the suburban groves. And the
sweety-speakng cuckoos seemed to say to men, "The brmmng of the
streams, the fowers of the trees, the dgts of the moon wane and return
agan, but not the youth of men.|*| Fng asde coyness and quarreng,
and sport wth your beoved ones."
And at that tme kng Kanakavarsha went wth a hs wves to a
sprng-garden, to amuse hmsef. And he ecpsed the beauty of the askas
wth the red robes of hs attendants, and wth the songs of hs ovey ades
the song of the cuckoos and bees. There the kng, though a hs wves
were wth hm, amused hmsef wth Madanasundar n pckng fowers and
other dversons. And after roamng there a ong tme, the kng entered
the Godvar wth hs wves to bathe, and began the water-game. Hs
ades surpassed the otuses wth ther faces, wth ther eyes the bue water-
es,
wth ther breasts the coupes of Brahmany ducks, wth ther hps the
sandbanks, and when they troubed the bosom of the stream, t showed
frowns of anger n the form of curng waves. Then the mnd of
Kanakavarsha took peasure n them, whe they dspayed the contours of
ther mbs n the spashng-game. And n the ardour of the game, he
spashed one queen wth water from hs pams on her breast.
When Madanasundar saw t, she was |eaous, and got angry wth hm,
and n an outburst of ndgnaton sad to hm, "How ong are you gong
to troube the rver?" And gong out of the water, she took her other cothes
and rushed off n a passon to her own paace, teng her ades of that faut
of her over's. Then kng Kanakavarsha, seeng her state of mnd, stopped
hs water-game, and went off to her apartments. Even the parrots n the
* Cp. The Lament of Moschos for Bon, 1. 99-104.
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cages warned hm off n wrath, when he approached, and enterng he saw
wthn the queen affcted wth wrath: wth her downcast otus-ke face
supported on the pam of her eft hand, wth tear-drops fang ke transparent
pears. And she was repeatng, wth accents charmng on account of
her broken speech, n a voce nterrupted wth sobs, shewng her geamng
teeth, ths fragment of a Prakrt song; "If you cannot endure separaton,
you must cheerfuy abandon anger. If you can n your heart endure separaton,
then you must ncrease your wrath. Percevng ths ceary, reman
pedged to one or the other; f you take your stand on both, you w fa
between two stoos." And when the kng saw her n ths state, ovey even
n tears, he approached her bashfuy and tmdy. And embracng her,
though she kept her face averted, he set hmsef to proptate her wth
respectfu words tender wth ove. And when her retnue sgnfed her
scorn wth ambguous hnts, he fe at her feet, bamng hmsef as an
offender. Then she cung to the neck of the kng, and was reconced to
hm, bedewng hm wth the tears that fowed on account of that very
annoyance. And he, deghted, spent the day wth hs beoved, whose
anger had been exchanged for good-w, and sept there at nght.
But n the nght he saw n a dream hs neckace suddeny taken
from hs neck, and hs crest-|ewe snatched from hs head, by a deformed
woman. Then he saw a Veta, wth a body made up of the mbs of
many anmas, and when the Veta wrested wth hm, he hured hm to
earth. And when the kng sat on the Veta's back, the demon few up
wth hm through the ar, ke a brd, and threw hm nto the sea. Then,
after he had wth dffcuty strugged to the shore, he saw that the neckace
was repaced on hs neck, and the crest-|ewe on hs head. When the
kng had seen ths, he woke up, and n the mornng he asked a Buddhst
mendcant, who had come to vst hm as an od frend, the meanng of
the dream. And the mendcant answered ceary--"I do not wsh to say
what s unpeasant, but how can I hep teng you when I am asked?
The fact that you saw your neckace and crest-|ewe taken away, means
that you w be separated from your wfe and from your son. And the
fact that, after you had escaped from the sea, you found them agan,
means that you w be reunted wth them, when your caamty comes to
an end." Then the kng sad, "I have not a son as yet, et hm be born
frst." Then the kng heard from a recter of the Rmyana, who vsted
hs paace, how kng Da|'s|aratha endured hardshp to obtan a son;
and so there arose n hs mnd anxety about obtanng a son, and the
mendcant havng departed, the kng Kanakavarsha spent that day n
despondency.
And at nght, as he was yng aone and seepess upon hs bed, he saw
a woman enter wthout openng the door. She was modest and gente of
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appearance, and, when the kng bowed before her, she gave hm her bessng
and sad to hm: "Son, know that I am the daughter of Vsuk the kng
of the snakes, and the eder sster of thy father, Ratnaprabh by name. I
aways dwe near thee, nvsbe, to protect thee, but to-day, seeng thee
despondent, I have dspayed to thee my rea form. I cannot bear to behod
thy sorrow, so te me the cause." When the kng had been thus
addressed by hs father's sster, he sad to her: "I am fortunate, mother,
n that you shew me such condescenson. But know that my anxety s
caused by the fact that no son s born to me. How can peope ke mysef
hep desrng that, whch even heroc sants of od days, ke Da|'s|aratha
and others, desred for the sake of obtanng svarga." When the Ng|*|
Ratnaprabh heard ths speech of that kng, she sad to her brother's son;
"My son, I w te thee an admrabe expedent, carry t out. Go
and proptate Krtkeya wth a vew to obtan a son. I w enter thy
body, and by my power thou shat support the ran of Krtkeya fang on
thy head to mpede thee, dffcut to endure. And after thou hast overcome
a host of other mpedments, thou shat obtan thy wsh." When the Ng
had sad ths, she dsappeared, and the kng spent the nght n bss.
The next mornng he commtted hs ream to the care of hs mnsters,
and went, desrng a son, to vst the soe of Krtkeya's foot. There he
performed a severe penance to proptate that ord, havng power gven
hm by the Ng that entered hs body. Then the ran of Kumra|*| fe
on hs head ke thunderbots, and contnued wthout ceasng. But he
endured t by means of the Ng that had entered hs body. Then Krtkeya
sent Ga|n.|e|'s|a to mpede hm st further. And Ga|n.|e|'s|a created n that
ran a very posonous and exceedngy terrbe serpent, but the kng dd not
fear t. Then Ga|n.|e|'s|a, nvncbe|*| even by gods, came n vsbe form, and
began to gve hm btes on the breast. Then kng Kanakavarsha, thnkng
* I. e. Femae snake, somewhat of the nature of the Echdna of our boyhood;
|Greek: hmsu men numphn hekpda kaparon
hmsu d' aute peron ophn, denon te megan te.|
Hesod. Theog. 298.
* Cp. the foowng passage whch Wrt Skes (Brtsh Gobns, p. 385) quotes
from
the Mabnogon. "Take the bow and throw a bowfu of water on the sab," says
the
back gant of the wood to Sr Ka, "and thou wt hear a mghty pea of thunder,
so
that thou wt thnk that heaven and earth are trembng wth ts fury. Wth the
thunder w come a shower so severe that t w be hardy possbe for thee to
endure
and ve. And the shower w be of hastones; and after the shower the
weather w
become far, but every eaf that was upon the tree w have been carred away
by the
shower."
* I read wth the Sans|k.|rt Coege MS. a|ayya|h.|.
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that he was a foe hard to subdue, proceeded, after he had endured that
ordea, to proptate Ga|n.|e|'s|a wth prases.
"Honour to thee, O god of the pro|ectng bey, adorned wth the
eephant's ornament, whose body s ke a sweng ptcher contanng
success n a affars! Vctory to thee, O eephant-faced one, that makest
even Brahm afrad, shakng the otus, whch s hs throne, wth thy trunk
fung up n sport! Even the gods, the Asuras, and the chef hermts do
not succeed, uness thou art peased, the ony refuge of the word, O thou
beoved of |'S|va! The chef of the gods prase thee by thy sxty-eght sn-
destroyng
names, cang thee the ptcher-beed, the basket-eared one,|*|
the chef of the Ga|n.|as, the furous mast eephant, Yama the noose-handed,
the Sun, Vsh|n.|u, and |'S|va. Wth these names to the number of sxty-eght,
correspondng to so many parts of the body, do they prase thee.
And when one remembers thee, and prases thee, O Lord, fear produced by
the batte-fed, by the kng's court, by gambng, by theves, by fre, by
wd beasts, and other harms, departs." Wth these audatory verses, and
wth many others of the same knd, kng Kanakavarsha honoured that
kng of mpedments. And the conqueror of mpedments sad, "I w not
throw an mpedment n thy way, obtan a son," and dsappeared then and
there from the eyes of that kng.
Then Krtkeya sad to that kng, who had endured the ran; "Resoute
man, I am peased wth thee, so crave thy boon." Then the kng,
deghted, sad to the god, "Let a son be born to me by thy favour."
Then the god sad, "Thou shat have a son, the ncarnaton of one of my
Ga|n.|as, and hs name sha be Hra|n.|yavarsha on the earth." And then the
rder on the peacock summoned hm to enter hs nmost shrne, n order to
shew hm speca favour.|*| Thereupon the Ng eft hs body nvsby, for
femaes do not enter the house of Krtkeya through dread of a curse.
Then kng Kanakavarsha entered the sanctfyng tempe of that god,
armed ony wth hs human exceence. When the god saw that he was
deprved of the exceence he formery had, because he was no onger
nhabted
by the Ng, he refected--"What can ths mean?" And Krtkeya,
percevng by hs dvne medtaton, that that kng had performed a very
dffcut vow by the secret hep of the Ng, thus cursed hm n hs wrath:
"Snce thou ddst make use of decet, ntractabe man, thou shat be
separated from thy son, as soon as he s born, and from thy queen. When
the kng heard ths curse, terrbe as a thunderstroke, he was not amazed, but
* Bhtngk con|ectures |'s|rpa for |'s|rya; |'s|rpa s a wnnowng-basket.
* Ths s the sense, but--psur cannot be rght; the Sans|k.|rt Coege MS.
reads--echchhum.
Perhaps--echchhu|h.| w do.
-----Fe: 558.png---------------------------------------------------------
beng a mghty poet, prased that god wth hymns. Then the sx-faced
god, peased wth hs we turned anguage, sad to hm; "Kng, I am
peased wth thy hymns; I appont thee ths end of thy curse; thou shat
be separated from thy wfe and son for one year, but after thou hast been
saved from three great dangers, thou shat come to an end of the separaton."
When the sx-faced god had sad ths, he ceased to speak, and the kng,
satsfed wth the nectar of hs favour, bowed before hm, and went to hs
own cty.
Then, n course of tme, he had a son born to hm by queen Madanasundar,
as the nectar-stream s born of the ght of the cod-rayed
moon. When the kng and queen saw the face of that son, beng fed
wth great deght, they were not abe to contan themseves.|*| And at
that tme the kng made a feast, and showered rches, and made hs name
of Kanakavarsha|*| a tera fact on the earth.
When fve nghts had passed, whe guard was beng kept n the yng-n-house,
on the sxth nght a coud suddeny came there. It sweed, and
graduay covered the whoe sky, as a negected enemy overruns the kngdom
of a careess kng. Then the mast eephant of the wnd began to
rush, showerng drops of ran ke drops of chor, and rootng up trees.
At that moment a terrbe woman, sword n hand, opened the door, though
t was boted, and entered that yng-n-chamber. She took that babe from
the queen as she was nursng t, and ran out, havng bewdered the
attendants. And then the queen, dstracted, and excamng, "Aas! a
Rkshas has carred off my chd," pursued that woman, though t was dark.
And the woman rushed on and punged nto a tank wth the chd, and the
queen, pursung her, punged n aso, eager to recover her offsprng.
Immedatey
the coud dsappeared, and the nght came to an end, and the
amentaton of the attendants was heard n the yng-n-chamber. Then
the kng Kanakavarsha, hearng t, came to the yng-n-chamber, and seeng
t empty of hs son and wfe, was dstracted. After he had recovered
conscousness, he began to ament, "Aas, my queen! Aas, my nfant son!"
and then he caed to mnd that the curse was to end n a year. And he
excamed, "Hoy Skanda, how coud you gve to -starred me a boon
|oned wth a curse, ke nectar mxed wth poson? Aas! how sha I be
abe to pass a year, ong as a thousand years, wthout the queen
Madanasundar,
whom I vaue more than my fe?" And the kng, though exhorted
by the mnsters, who knew the crcumstances, dd not recover hs composure,
whch had departed wth hs queen.
* I read tad for pad, a con|ecture of Babu S. C. Mooker|ea's. The Sans|k.|rt
Coege MS. reads atynandabh|r.|te yuktam nvartetm yadtman.
* I. e. showerer of rches.
-----Fe: 559.png---------------------------------------------------------
And n course of tme he eft hs cty, dstracted wth a paroxysm of
ove, and wandered through the Vndhya forest n a state of bewderment.
There, as he gazed on the eyes of the young does, he remembered the
beauty of the eyes of hs beoved, and the bushy tas of the chamars
remnded hm of the oveness of her uxurant har, and when he marked
the gat of the femae eephant, he caed to mnd the angud grace of her
gat, so that the fre of hs ove broke out nto a fercer fame. And
wanderng about exhausted wth thrst and heat, he reached the foot of the
Vndhya mountans, and, after drnkng the water of a stream, he sat down
at the foot of a tree. In the meanwhe a ong-maned on came out of a
cavern of the Vndhya hs, utterng a roar whch resembed a oud demonac
augh, and rushed towards hm to say hm. At that very moment a
certan Vdydhara descended rapdy from heaven, and ceft that on n
two wth a sword-stroke. And that sky-goer, comng near, sad to the
kng, "Kng Kanakavarsha, how have you come to ths regon?" When
the kng heard t, he recovered hs memory, and sad to hm, "How do you
know me, who am tossed wth the wnd of separaton?" Then the Vdydhara
sad, "I, when n od tme I was a regous mendcant, of the name
of Bandhumtra, dwet n your cty. Then you heped me n my rtes,
when I respectfuy asked you to do so, and so I obtaned the rank of a
Vdydhara, by makng a gobn my servant. Thus I recognzed you, and
beng desrous to confer on you a beneft by way of recompense, I have
san ths on whch I saw on the pont of kng you.
"And my name has now become Bandhuprabha." When the Vdydhara
sad ths, the kng conceved an affecton for hm, and sad, "Ah!
I remember, and ths frendshp has been noby acted up to by you, so
te me when I sha be reunted wth my wfe and son." When the
Vdydhara Bandhuprabha heard that, he perceved t by hs dvne knowedge,
and sad to the kng--"By a pgrmage to the shrne of Durg, n
the Vndhya hs, you w recover your wfe and son, so go you to prosperty,
and I w return to my own word." When he had sad ths, he departed,
and kng Kanakavarsha, havng recovered hs sef-command, went to
vst that shrne of Durg.
As he was gong aong, a great and furous wd eephant, stretchng out
ts trunk, and shakng ts head, charged hm n the path. When the kng
saw that, he fed by a way fu of hoes, so that the eephant, pursung hm,
fe nto a chasm and was ked. Then the kng, fatgued wth to and
exerton, sowy gong aong, reached a great ake fu of otuses wth
straght upstandng staks. There the kng bathed, drank the water of the
ake, and ate the fbres of the otuses, and yng tred at the foot of a tree,
was for a moment overpowered by seep. And some |'S|avaras, returnng
that way from huntng, saw that kng wth auspcous marks yng
-----Fe: 560.png---------------------------------------------------------
aseep. And they mmedatey bound hm, and took hm to ther kng
Muktphaa, n order that he mght serve as a vctm. The kng of the
Savaras, for hs part, seeng that the kng was a sutabe vctm, took hm
to the tempe of Durg to offer hm up. And when the kng saw the
goddess, he bowed before her, and by her mercy and the favour of Skanda
hs bonds fe off. When the kng of the Savaras saw that mrace, he
knew that t was a mark of the goddess's favour towards hm, and he
spared hs fe. So Kanakavarsha escaped the thrd danger, and accompshed
the year of hs curse.
And n the meanwhe the Ng, the aunt of the kng, came there,
brngng the queen Madanasundar wth her son, and sad to the kng--"O
kng, when I heard the curse of Krtkeya, I took these away by an
artfce to my own dweng, and preserved them there. Therefore,
Kanakavarsha,
receve here your wfe and son, en|oy ths empre of the earth, for
now your curse s at an end." When the Ng had sad ths to the kng,
who bowed before her, she dsappeared, and the kng ooked upon the
arrva of hs wfe and chd as a dream. Then the gref of separaton of
the kng and queen, who had so ong been forced to ve apart, trcked
away n ther tears of |oy. Then Muktphaa, the kng of the Savaras,
fe at the feet of the kng Kanakavarsha, on fndng that he was hs
master, the ord of the whoe earth. And after he had proptated hm,
and persuaded hm to vst hs town, he furnshed hs wfe and chd wth
a knds of uxures, such as t was n hs power to gve. Then the kng,
remanng there, summoned by messengers hs father-n-aw Deva|s|akt and
hs army|*| from hs own cty. Then he sent on n front of hm hs beoved
wfe Madanasundar, mounted on a femae eephant, and hs son, who
Krtkeya
sad was to be caed Hra|n.|yavarsha, and went wth hs father-n-aw
towards hs father-n-aw's house.|*| And n a few days he reached the
resdence of hs father-n-aw, a hermtage n the country of Vdarbha, and
after that hs weathy cty of Ku|n.||d.||n.|a, and there he remaned some tme
wth hs wfe and son, and hs army, beng entertaned by hs father-n-aw.
And settng out thence, he at ast reached hs own town of Kanakapura, where
he was, as t were, drunk n by the eyes of the wves of the ctzens, ong
desrous of behodng hm agan. And wth hs son and Madanasundar he
entered the paace, ke an emboded feast, accompaned wth |oy and
spendour.
And there he gave Madanasundar a turban of honour, and made her
hs head wfe, and he honoured hs sub|ects wth gfts on ths day of trumph.|*|
* The MS. n the Sans|k.|rt Coege reads svasanyam whch saves the metre.
* Svasurave|s|mavartm|s||r.|tas s the readng of the MS. n the brary of
the Sans|k.|rt
Coege.
* I read mntaprak|r.|t|h.|, foowng the MS. n the Sans|k.|rt Coege.
-----Fe: 561.png---------------------------------------------------------
And then kng Kanakavarsha rued ths crce of the earth, four-mted
by the sea, wthout opponents, n perpetua happness, wth hs wfe
and son, wthout experencng agan the gref of separaton.
When the prnce Naravhanadatta heard ths magnfcent tae from
hs head mnster Gomukha, n the company of the far Aankravat, he
was exceedngy deghted.
CHAPTER LVI.
Then the prnce Naravhanadatta, wth hs beoved by hs sde, beng
much peased at the tae of Gomukha, but seeng that Marubht was qute
put out, n order to pay hm a compment, sad to hm, attemptng to concate
hm; "Marubht, why do you not te a tae aso?" Then he sad,
"We, I w te one," and wth peased sou began to reate the foowng
story.
Story of the Brhman Chandrasvmn, hs son Mahpa, and hs daughter
Chandravat.
There once ved n a town
caed Devakamaapura, beongng to
the kng Kamaavarman, an exceent
Brhman, named Chandrasvmn. And that wse man had a wfe ke
hmsef, dstngushed for modesty, and she was a worthy match for Sarasvat
and Lakshm. And to that Brhman was born a son wth auspcous
marks, and when he was born, ths voce was heard from heaven:
"Chandrasvmn, you must ca your son Mahpa,|*| because he sha
be a kng and ong protect the earth." When Chandrasvmn heard ths,
he made a feast and caed that son Mahpa. And n course of tme
Mahpa grew up, and was taught the scence of msse and hand to hand
weapons, and was at the same tme nstructed n a knowedge. And n
the meanwhe hs wfe Devamat brought forth to Chandrasvmn another
chd, a daughter, beautfu n a her mbs. And the brother and sster,
Mahpa and Chandravat, grew up together n ther father's house.
Then a famne, caused by want of ran, sprang up n that country, the
corn havng been scorched up by the rays of the sun. And owng to that,
the kng began to pay the bandt, eavng the rght path, and takng
weath from hs sub|ects unawfuy. Then, as that and was gong rapdy
to run, Chandrasvmn's wfe sad to her husband: "Come to my father's
house, et us eave ths cty, for our chdren w persh here some day or
other." When Chandrasvmn heard ths, he sad to hs wfe--"By no
means, for fght from one's own country n tme of famne s a great sn.
* I. e. earth-protector, kng.
-----Fe: 562.png---------------------------------------------------------
So I w take these chdren and depost them n your father's house, and
do you reman here; I w return soon. She agreed, and then Chandrasvmn
eft her n hs house, and takng those two chdren, the boy Mahpa
and the gr Chandravat, set out from that cty for hs father-n-aw's
house. And n course of tme, as he roamed on, he reached a great wderness,
wth sands heated by the rays of the sun, and wth but a few parched up
trees n t. And there he eft hs two chdren, who were exhausted wth
thrst, and went to a great dstance to ook for water for them. Then
there met hm a chef of the |'S|avaras, named Snhadansh|t.|ra, wth hs
foowers,
gong somewhere or other for hs own ends. The Bha saw hm and
questoned hm, and fndng out that he was n search of water, sad to hs
foowers, "Take hm to some water," at the same tme makng a sgn to
them. When they heard t, two or three of the |'S|avara kng's foowers,
percevng hs ntenton, took the nnocent Chandrasvmn to the vage,
and fettered hm. And he, earnng from them that he was fettered n order
to be offered as a vctm, amented for hs two chdren that he had eft n
the wd:
"Ah Mahpa! Ah dear Chandravat! why dd I fooshy abandon
you n the wderness and make you the prey of ons and tgers? And I
have brought mysef aso nto a poston where I am sure to be san by
bandts, and there s no escape for me." Whe he was thus amentng n
hs terror, he saw to hs deght the sun. And excamng, "Ah! I w
fng asde bewderment and fy for refuge to my own ord," the Brhman
began to prase the sun n the foowng verses--"Ha to thee, O Lord,
the brghtness resdng n the near and n the remote ether, that dspersest
the nterna and externa darkness. Thou art Vsh|n.|u pervadng the three
words, thou art |'S|va the treasure-house of bessngs, thou art the supreme
ord of creatures, cang nto actvty the seepng Unverse. Thou
deposest thy brghtness n fre and n the moon, out of pty, as t were, sayng,
'Let these two du thngs shne,' and so thou dspeest the nght.
When thou rsest, the Rkshasas dsperse, the Dasyus have no power, and
the vrtuous re|oce.|*| So, thou matchess umnator of the three words,
dever me, who take refuge wth thee. Dsperse ths darkness of my gref,
have mercy upon me." When the Brhman had devouty prased the sun
wth these and other smar hymns, a voce was heard from heaven--"
Chandrasvmn,
I am peased wth thee, thou shat not be put to death, and
by my favour thou shat be reunted wth thy wfe and chdren." When
the dvne voce had sad ths to Chandrasvmn, he recovered hs sprts, and
remaned n a state of tranquty, beng supped wth bathng requstes
and food by the |'S|avaras.
* Compare for the dea Rchard II. Act III, Sc. 2. ne 41 and ff.
-----Fe: 563.png---------------------------------------------------------
And n the meanwhe the boy Mahpa, eft n the wderness wth
hs sster, as hs father dd not return, remaned amentng bttery, supposng
that some caamty had befaen hm. And n ths state he was behed
by a great merchant, of the name of Srthadhara, who came that way, and
the merchant asked hm what had happened to hm. And feeng compasson,
he consoed the boy, and observng that he had auspcous marks, he
took hm and hs sster to hs own country. There that Mahpa ved n
the house of that merchant, who ooked upon hm wth a the affecton of
a father for hs son; and though a boy, he was occuped n the rtes of the
sacred fre.
But one day the mnster of the kng Trvarman, who ved n the
cty of Trpura, the exceent Brhman Anantasvmn, came that way
on busness, wth hs eephants, horses and foot-soders, and entered the
house of that merchant, beng a frend of hs. After he had rested, he
saw the handsome boy Mahpa, engaged n mutterng prayers and n
sacrfcng to the fre, and asked hs story; then the Brhman mnster,
fndng that the boy was of hs own caste, as he had no chdren, begged
the boy and hs sster from the merchant. Then the merchant, who was a
Vasya, gave hm the chdren, and Anantasvmn went wth them to
Trpura. There Mahpa remaned n the house of that mnster, whch
abounded n weath on account of ts master's knowedge, and was treated
by hm as a son.
And n the meanwhe Snhadansh|t.|ra, the kng of the Bhas, came
to Chandrasvmn, who was n captvty n that vage, and sad to hm;
"Brhman, I have been ordered n a dream by the Sun-god not to say you
but to set you free, after dong you honour. So rse up, and go where you
pease." After sayng ths, he et hm go, gvng hm pears and musk,
and suppyng hm wth an escort through the forest. And Chandrasvmn,
beng thus set at berty, not fndng hs son and hs younger
sster n the wood, wandered n search of them, and as he wandered he
found a cty named |aapura on the shore of the sea, and entered as a
guest the house of a certan Brhman. There, after he had taken refreshment,
and then tod hs story, the Brhman, the master of the house, sad
to hm; "A merchant named Kanakavarman came here some days ago;
he found n the forest a Brhman boy wth hs sster, and he has gone off
wth those two very handsome chdren to the great sand of Nrkea, but
he dd not te hs name." When Chandrasvmn heard that, he made up
hs mnd that those chdren were hs, and he determned to go to that
beautfu sand. And after he had spent the nght, and ooked about hm,
he made acquantance wth a merchant, named Vsh|n.|uvarman, who was
about to go to the se of Nrkea. And wth hm he embarked n a shp,
and went across the sea to the sand, out of ove for hs chdren. When
-----Fe: 564.png---------------------------------------------------------
he began to enqure there, the merchants, who ved there, sad to hm; "It
s true that a merchant named Kanakavarman dd come here, wth two
beautfu
Brhman chdren, whom he found n a wood. But he has now gone
wth them to the sand of Ka|t.|ha. When the Brhman heard that, he went
n a shp wth the merchant Dnavarman to the sand of Ka|t.|ha. There he
heard that the merchant Kanakavarman had gone from that sand to an
sand named Karpra. In the same way he vsted n turn the sands of
Karpra, Suvarna, and Snhaa wth merchants, but he dd not fnd the
merchant whom he was n search of. But from the peope of Snhaa he
heard that that merchant Kanakavarman had gone to hs own cty, named
Chtrak|t.|a. Then Chandrasvmn went wth a merchant, named Ko|t.||
s|vara,
to Chtrak|t.|a, crossng the sea n hs shp. And n that cty he found the
merchant Kanakavarman, and ongng for hs chdren, he tod hm the
whoe story. Then Kanakavarman, when he knew the cause of hs gref,
showed hm the chdren, whom he had found n the forest and brought
away. But when Chandrasvmn ooked at those two chdren, he saw that
they were not hs, but some other chdren. Then he, beng affcted wth
tears and gref, amented n desperate mood--"Aas! though I have
wandered so far, I have not found my son or my daughter. Magnant
Provdence, ke a wcked master, has hed out hopes to me but has not fufed
them, and has made me wander far and wde on a fase surmse." Whe
he was ndugng n such amentatons, he was at ast, though wth dffcuty,
consoed by Kanakavarman, and excamed n hs gref, "If I do not
fnd those chdren n a year, by wanderng over the earth, I w abandon the
body by austertes on the bank of the rver Ganges. When he sad ths,
a certan seer there sad to hm, "Go, you w recover your chdren by
the favour of Nrya|n.|. When he heard that, he was deghted, rememberng
the compasson shown hm by the sun, and he departed from
that cty, honoured by the merchants.
Then, searchng the ands whch were roya grants to Brhmans,
and the vages and the towns, he reached one evenng a wood wth
many ta trees n t. There he made a mea on fruts and water, and
cmbed up nto a tree to spend the nght there, dreadng the ons, and
tgers, and other nosome beasts. And beng seepess, he saw n the
nght at the foot of the tree a great body of dvne Mothers assembed, wth
Nrya|n.| at ther head; watng for the arrva of the god Bharava,
havng brought wth them a knds of presents suted to ther resources.
And thereupon the Mothers asked Nrya|n.| why the god deayed, but she
aughed and gave no reason. And beng persstenty questoned by them,
she answered--"He has stopped to curse a Guhyaka who has ncurred hs
dspeasure."|*| And on account of that busness some deay has taken pace
* Here I have omtted a short story.
-----Fe: 565.png---------------------------------------------------------
about hs arrva, but know that he w be here soon. Whe Nrya|n.|
was sayng ths to the Mothers, there came there Bharava|*| the ord of the
company of Mothers. And he, havng been honoured wth gfts by a
the Mothers, spent some tme n dancng, and sported wth the wtches.
And whe Chandrasvmn was surveyng that from the summt of a
tree, he saw a save beongng to Nrya|n.|, and she saw hm. And
as chance woud have t, they fe n ove wth one another, and the goddess
Nrya|n.| perceved ther feengs. And when Bharava had departed,
accompaned by the wtches, she, ngerng behnd, summoned Chandrasvmn
who was on the tree. And when he came down, she sad to hm
and her save: "Are you n ove wth one another?" And they confessed
the truth, and sad they were, and thereupon she dsmssed her anger and sad
to Chandrasvmn, "I am peased wth thee for confessng the truth, so I
w not curse thee, but I w gve thee ths save, ve n happness." When
the Brhman heard ths, he sad--"Goddess, though my mnd s fcke,
I hod t n check, I do not touch a strange woman. For ths s the nature
of the mnd, but body sn shoud be avoded." When that frm-soued
Brhman sad ths, the goddess sad to hm--"I am peased wth thee and
I gve thee ths boon: thou shat qucky fnd thy chdren. And receve
from me ths unfadng otus that destroys poson." When the goddess had
sad ths, she gave the Brhman Chandrasvmn a otus, and dsappeared
from hs eyes.
And he, havng receved the otus, set out, at the end of the nght, and
roamng aong reached the cty of Trpura, where hs son Mahpa and hs
daughter were vng n the house of that Brhman mnster Anantasvmn.
There he went and rected at the door of that mnster, n order to obtan
food, havng heard that he was hosptabe. And the mnster, havng been
nformed by the door-keepers, had hm ntroduced by them, and when he
saw that he was earned, nvted hm to dnner. And when he was nvted,
havng heard that there was a ake there, named Anantahrada, that washed
away sn, he went to bathe there. Whe he was returnng after bathng,
the Brhman heard a round hm n the cty a cry of gref. And when
he asked the cause, the peope sad to hm--"There s n ths cty a Brhman
boy, of the name of Mahpa, who was found n the forest by the
* He seems to correspond to the |unker Voand or Herr Uran of the
Wapurgsnacht;
(see Bayard Tayor's notes to hs transaton of Goethe's Faust). See aso,
for the assemby of wtches and ther uncanny presdent, Brnger, Aus
Schwaben,
pp. 323 and 372. In Bartsch's Sagen &c. aus Mekenburg, pp. 11--44, w be
found the recorded confessons of many wtches, who deposed to havng
danced wth
the Teutonc Bharava on the Bocksberg. The Mothers of the second part of
Faust
probaby come from Greece.
-----Fe: 566.png---------------------------------------------------------
merchant Srthadhara. The mnster Anantasvmn, observng that he had
auspcous marks, wth some dffcuty begged hm and hs sster from
the merchant, and brought them both here. And beng wthout a son, he
has adopted the boy, whose exceent quates have endeared hm to kng
Trvarman|**P1 Travrman? beow| and hs peope. To-day he has been
btten by a posonous snake;
hence the cry of gref n the cty." When Chandrasvmn heard that, he
sad to hmsef, "Ths must be my son," and refectng thus, he went to
the house of that mnster as fast as he coud. There he saw hs son
surrounded by a, and recognzed hm, and re|oced, havng n hs hand
the otus that was an antdote to snake-poson. And he put that otus
to the nose of that Mahpa, and the moment he smet t, he was free
from the effects of poson. And Mahpa rose up, and was as one who had
|ust awoke from seep,|*| and a the peope n the cty, and the kng re|oced.
And Chandrasvmn was honoured wth weath by Anantasvmn, the
kng, and the ctzens, who sad "Ths s some ncarnaton of the
dvnty." And he remaned n the house of the mnster n great comfort,
honoured by hm, and he saw hs son Mahpa and hs daughter Chandravat.
And the three, though they mutuay recognzed one another, sad
nothng, for the wse have regard to what s expedent, and do not dscover
themseves out of season.
Then the kng Travrman|**P1 Trvarman? above|, beng hghy peased wth
the vrtues of
Mahpa, gave hm hs daughter Bandhumat. Then that kng, after
gvng hm the haf of the kngdom, beng peased wth hm, ad the whoe
burden of the kngdom upon hm, as he had no other son. And Mahpa,
after he had obtaned the kngdom, acknowedged hs father, and
gave hm a poston next to hs, and so ved n happness.
One day hs father Chandrasvmn sad to hm, "Come, et us go to
our own country to brng your mother. For f she hears that you are the
occupant of a throne, havng been ong affcted, she mght thnk, 'How
comes t that my son has forgotten me,' and mght curse you n her anger.
But one who s cursed by hs father and mother does not ong en|oy prosperty.
In proof of ths hear ths tae of what happened ong ago to the
merchant's son."
Story of Chakra.|*|
In the cty of Dhavaa there
was & merchant's son, named Chakra.
He went on a tradng voyage to Svarnadvpa aganst the w of hs parents.
There he ganed great weath n fve years, and n order to return embarked
on the sea n a shp aden wth |ewes. And when hs voyage was very neary
at an end, the sea rose up aganst hm, troubed wth a great wnd, and wth
* Mukta for yukta, whch s ceary a msprnt.
* Ths story s dentca wth the story of "The merchant who struck hs
mother," as gven by the Rev. S. Bea n the Antquary for September 1880.
-----Fe: 567.png---------------------------------------------------------
couds and ran. And the huge bows broke hs vesse, as f angry because
he had come aganst the wsh of hs parents. Some of the passengers were
whemed n the waves, others were eaten by sea-monsters. But Chakra,
as hs aotted term of fe had not run out, was carred to the shore and
fung up there by the waves. Whe he was yng there n a state of exhauston,
he saw as f n a dream, a man of back and terrbe appearance
come to hm, wth a noose n hs hand. Chakra was caught n the noose
by that man, who took hm up and dragged hm a ong dstance to a court
presded over by a man on a throne. By the order of the occupant of the
throne, the merchant's son was carred off by that noose-bearer, and fung
nto a ce of ron.
In that ce Chakra saw a man beng tortured by means of an ron
whee|*| on hs head, that revoved ncessanty. And Chakra asked hm,--"Who
are you, by what crme dd you ncur ths, and how do you manage
to contnue ave?" And the man answered--"I am a merchant's son
named Kha|d.|ga, and because I dd not obey the commands of my parents,
they were angry and n wrath ad ths curse upon me:|*| 'Because, wcked
son, you torture us ke a hot whee paced on the head, therefore such
sha be your punshment.' When they had sad ths they ceased, and as
I wept, they sad to me, 'Weep not, your punshment sha ony ast for
one month.' When I heard that, I spent the day n gref, and at nght
when I was n bed, I saw, as f n a dream, a terrbe man come. He took
me off and thrust me by force nto ths ron ce, and he paced on my head
ths burnng and ever-revovng whee. Ths was my parents' curse, hence
I do not de. And the month s at an end to-day; st I am not set
free." When Kha|d.|ga sad that, Chakra n pty answered hm--"I too
dd not obey my parents, for I went abroad to get weath aganst ther w,
and they pronounced aganst me the curse that my weath, when acqured,
shoud persh. So I ost n the sea my whoe weath, that I had acqured
n a foregn sand. My case s the same as yours. So what s the use of
my fe? Pace ths whee on my head. Let your curse, Kha|d.|ga, depart."
When Chakra sad ths, a voce was heard n the ar "Kha|d.|ga, thou art
reeased, so pace ths whee on the head of Chakra." When Kha|d.|ga
heard ths, he paced the whee on the head of Chakra, and was conveyed
by some nvsbe beng to hs parents' house.
* A smar transferabe whee s found n the Panchatantra, Vth Book, 3rd Story.
Benfey's Panchatantra, Vo. II, p. 331.
* Cp. Raston's Russan Fok-Taes, p. 358. "Great stress s ad n the skazkas
and egends upon the terrbe power of a parent's curse. The hasty word of a
father
or mother w condemn even an nnocent chd to savery among devs and
when t s
once uttered, t s rrevocabe." Throughout the present work curses appear to
be
rrevocabe but susceptbe of modfcaton and mtaton.
-----Fe: 568.png---------------------------------------------------------
There he remaned wthout dsobeyng agan the orders of hs parents:
but Chakra put that whee upon hs head, and then spake thus--"May
other snners aso on the earth be reeased from the resut of ther sns; unt
a sns are canceed, may ths whee revove on my head." When the
resoute Chakra sad ths, the gods n heaven, beng peased, raned fowers
and thus addressed hm: " Bravo! Bravo! man of nobe sprt, ths compasson
has canceed thy sn, go; thou shat possess nexhaustbe weath."
When the gods sad ths, that ron whee fe from the head of Chakra, and
dsappeared somewhere. Then a Vdydhara youth descended from heaven,
and gave hm a vauabe treasure of |ewes, sent by Indra peased wth hs
sef-abnegaton, and takng Chakra n hs arms, carred hm to hs cty
named Dhavaa, and departed as he had come. Then Chakra deghted hs
reatons by hs arrva at the house of hs parents, and, after teng hs
adventures, remaned there wthout fang away from vrtue.
When Chandrasvmn had tod ths story, he sad agan to Mahpa,
"Such ev fruts does opposton to one's parents produce, my son, but
devoton to them s a wshng-cow of penty: n ustraton of ths hear
the foowng tae."
Story of the hermt and the fathfu
wfe.
There was n od tme a hermt
of great austerty, who roamed n the
forest. And one day a hen-crow, as he was sttng under the shade of a
tree, dropped drt upon hm, so he ooked at the crow wth angry eyes.
And the crow, as soon as he ooked at t, was reduced to ashes; and so the
hermt conceved a van-gorous confdence n the mght of hs austertes.
Once on a tme, n a certan cty, the hermt entered the house of a
Brhman, and asked hs wfe for ams. And that wfe, who was devoted
to her husband, answered hm, "Wat a tte, I am attendng upon my
husband." Then he ooked at her wth an angry ook, and she aughed at
hm and sad, "Remember,|*| I am not a crow." When the hermt heard
that, he sat down n a state of astonshment, and remaned wonderng how
she coud possby have come to know of the fate of the crow. Then, after
she had attended upon her husband n the obaton to the fre and n other
rtes, the vrtuous woman brought ams, and approached that hermt.
Then the hermt |oned hs hands n the atttude of suppcaton, and sad
to that vrtuous woman: "How dd you come to know of my adventure
wth the crow n the forest; te me frst, and then I w receve your
ams?" When the hermt sad ths, that wfe, who adored her husband,
sad, "I know of no vrtue other than devoton to my husband, accordngy
by hs favour I have such power of dscernment. But go and vst a
man here who ves by seng fesh, whose name s Dharmavydha, from
hm thou shat earn the secret of bessedness free from the conscousness
* Perhaps we shoud read m|r.|shyatm, forgve me, be patent.
-----Fe: 569.png---------------------------------------------------------
of sef." The hermt, thus addressed by the a-knowng fathfu wfe, took
the porton of a guest, and after bowng before her, departed.
Story of Dharmavydha the rghteous
seer fesh|*|
The next day he went n search
of that Dharmavydha, and approached
hm, as he was seng fesh n hs shop. And as soon as Dharmavydha
saw the hermt, he sad, "Have you been sent here, Brhman, by that
fathfu wfe?" When the hermt heard that, he sad to Dharmavydha n
hs astonshment,--"How come you to have such knowedge, beng a seer
of fesh?" When the hermt sad ths, Dharmavydha answered hm--"I
am devoted to my father and mother, that s my ony ob|ect n fe. I
bathe after I have provded them wth the requstes for bathng, I eat after
I have fed them, I e down after I have seen them to bed; thus t comes
to pass that I have such knowedge. And beng engaged n the dutes of
my professon, I se ony for my subsstence the fesh of deer and other
anmas san by others, not from desre of weath. And I and that fathfu
wfe do not nduge sef-conscousness, the mpedment of knowedge, so the
knowedge of both of us s free from hndrance. Therefore do you, observng
the vow of a hermt, perform your own dutes, wthout gvng way to
sef-conscousness, wth a vew to acqurng purty, n order that you may
qucky attan the supreme brghtness." When he had been thus nstructed
by Dharmavydha, he went to hs house and observed hs practce, and
afterwards he returned satsfed to the forest. And by hs advce he became
perfected, and the fathfu wfe and Dharmavydha aso attaned perfecton
by such performance of ther dutes.
"Such s the power of those who are devoted to husband or father and
mother. So come, vst that mother who ongs for a sght of you." When
thus addressed by hs father Chandrasvmn, Mahpa promsed to go to hs
natve and to pease hs mother. And he dscosed that of hs own accord
to Anantasvmn hs sprtua father, and when he took upon hm the
burden of hs kngdom, the kng set out wth hs natura father by nght.
And at ast he reached hs own country, and refreshed hs mother Devamat
wth a sght of hm, as the sprng refreshes the femae cuckoo. And
Mahpa stayed there some tme wth hs mother, beng wecomed by
hs reatons, together wth hs father who reated ther adventures.
In the meanwhe n Trpura the prncess, hs wfe Bandhumat, who
was seepng wthn the house, woke up at the cose of nght. And dscoverng
that her husband had gone somewhere, she was dstressed at her
oney state, and coud not fnd soace n the paace, the garden, or any
other pace. But she remaned weepng, sheddng tears that seemed to doube
her neckace, ntent on amentaton ony, desrng reef by death. But the
* Ths character s probaby taken from the Mahbhrata (see Dowson's
Cassca
Dctonary of Hndu Mythoogy, p. 90).
-----Fe: 570.png---------------------------------------------------------
mnster Anantasvmn came and comforted her wth hope-nsprng
words, sayng, "Before your husband went, he sad to me, 'I am gong
away on some busness and I w qucky return,' so do not weep, my
daughter." Then she recovered sef-contro, though wth dffcuty. Then
she remaned contnuay honourng wth gfts exceent Brhmans, that
came from a foregn country, n order to obtan news of her husband.
And she asked a poor Brhman, named Sangamadatta, who came for a
gft, for tdngs of her husband, havng tod hm hs name and the sgns by
whch to recognze hm. Then the Brhman sad, "I have never behed
a man of that knd; but, queen, you must not gve way to excessve
anxety on ths account. Doers of rghteous actons eventuay obtan
reunon wth oved ones, and n proof of that I w te you a wonder whch
I saw, sten."
Story of the treacherous P|'s|upata ascetc.
As I was wanderng round a
the hoy paces, I came to the Mnasa
ake on the Hmayas, and n t I saw, as n a mrror,|*| a house composed
of |ewes, and from that budng there came out suddeny a man wth a
sword n hs hand, and he ascended the bank of the ake, accompaned by a
troop of ceesta femaes. There he amused hmsef wth the femaes n a
garden n the recreaton of drnkng, and I was ookng on from a dstance
unobserved, fu of nterest n the spectace. In the meanwhe a man of
prepossessng appearance came there from somewhere or other. And when
he met me, I tod hm what I had seen. And wth much nterest I ponted
out to hm that man from a dstance, and when he behed hm he tod
me hs own story n the foowng words:
Story of the kng Trbhuvana.
I am a kng named Trbhuvana
n the cty of Trbhuvana. There
a certan P|'s|upata ascetc for a ong tme pad me court. And beng asked
the reason by me, he at once asked me to be hs ay n obtanng a sword
conceaed n a cavern, and I agreed to that. Then the P|'s|upata ascetc
went wth me at nght, and havng by means of a burnt-offerng and other
rtes dscovered an openng n the earth, the ascetc sad to me, "Hero!
enter thou frst, and after thou hast obtaned the sword, come out, and cause
me aso to enter; make a compact wth me to do ths." When he sad ths,
I made that compact wth hm, and qucky entered the openng, and found a
paace of |ewes. And the chef of the Asura madens who dwet there came
out from the paace, and out of ove ed me n, and there gave me a sword.
She sad, "Keep ths sword whch confers the power of fyng n the ar, and
bestows a magca facutes." Then I remaned there wth her. But I
remembered my compact, and gong out wth the sword n my hand, I
ntroduced that ascetc nto the paace of the Asuras by that openng.
* I have foowed the Sanskrt Coege MS. whch gves dar|'s|a.
-----Fe: 571.png---------------------------------------------------------
There I dwet wth the frst Asura ady who was surrounded by her attendants,
and he dwet wth the second. One day when I was stupfed|**->'stupefed'?|
wth drnkng,
the ascetc treacherousy took away from my sde the sword, and grasped
t n hs own hand. When he had t n hs grasp, he possessed great power,
and wth hs hand he sezed me and fung me out of the cavern. Then I
searched for hm for tweve years at the mouths of caverns, hopng that some
tme I mght fnd hm outsde. And ths very day the scoundre has presented
hmsef to my eyes, sportng wth that very Asura ady who beongs to me.
Whe the kng Trbhuvana was reatng ths to me, O queen, that
ascetc, stupefed wth drnk, went to seep. And whe he was aseep, the
kng went and took the sword from hs sde, and by ts operaton he
recovered ceesta mght. Then the hero woke up that ascetc wth a kck,
and reproached the unfortunate man, but dd not k hm. And then he
entered the paace wth the Asura ady and her attendants, recovered agan
ke hs own magc power. But the ascetc was much greved at havng
ost hs magc power. For the ungratefu, though ong successfu, are
sure to fa at ast.
"Havng seen ths wth my own eyes, I have now arrved here n the
course of my wanderngs; so be assured, queen, that you sha eventuay be
reunted to your beoved, ke Trbhuvana, for the rghteous does not snk."
When Bandhumat heard that from the Brhman, she was hghy deghted,
and made hm successfu by gvng hm much weath.
And the next day a dstngushed Brhman came there from a dstant
and, and Bandhumat eagery asked hm for tdngs of her husband, teng
hs name and the tokens by whch he mght be recognzed. Then that
Brhman sad to her: "Oueen, I have not seen your husband anywhere,
but I, who have to-day come to your house, am named not wthout reason,
the Brhman Sumanas,|*| so you w qucky have your wshes satsfed,
thus my heart tes me. And reunons do take pace, even of the ong
separated. In proof of thus I w te you the foowng tae; sten,
queen."
Story of Naa and Damayant
Of od tme there ved a kng
named Naa, whose beauty, I fancy,
so surpassed that of the god of Love, that n dsgust he offered hs body as
a burnt-offerng n the fre of the eye of the enraged |'S|va. He had no
wfe, and when he made enqures, he heard that Damayant, the daughter
of Bhma the kng of Vdarbha, woud make hm a sutabe wfe. And
Bhma, searchng through the word, found that there was no kng except
Naa ft to marry hs daughter.
In the meanwhe Damayant went down nto a tank n her own cty,
to amuse hersef n the water. There the gr saw a swan that had fed on
* I e. Benevoent, and aso satsfed at heart.
-----Fe: 572.png---------------------------------------------------------
bue and whte otuses, and by a trck she threw over t her robe and made t
a prsoner n sport. But the ceesta swan, when captured, sad to her n
accents that she coud understand: "Prncess, I w do you a good turn,
et me go. There s a kng of the name of Naa, whom even the nymphs
of heaven bear on ther hearts, ke a neckace strung wth threads of mert.|*|
You are a wfe ftted for hm and he s a husband suted for you, so I w
be an ambassador of Love to brng ke to ke." When she heard that, she
thought that the ceesta swan was a poshed speaker, and so she et hm
go, sayng--"So be t"--And she sad, "I w not choose any husband but
Naa," havng her mnd captvated by that prnce, who had entered by the
channe of her ear.
And the swan departed thence, and qucky repared to a tank resorted
to by Naa, when bent on sportng n the water. And Naa, seeng that the
swan was beautfu, took t captve out of curosty by throwng hs robe
over t n sport. Then the swan sad--"Set me free, O kng, for I have
come to beneft you; sten, I w te you. There s n Vdarbha one
Damayant, the daughter of kng Bhma, the Tottam of the earth, to be
desred even by gods. And she has chosen you as her future husband,
havng faen n ove wth you on account of my descrpton of your vrtues;
and I have come here to te you. Naa was at the same tme perced
wth the words of that exceent swan, that were brghtened by the spendd
ob|ect they had n vew,|*| and wth the sharp arrows of the god of the
fowery shafts. And he sad to that swan, "I am fortunate, best of brds,
n that I have been seected by her, as f by the ncarnate fufment of my
wshes." When the swan had been thus addressed by hm and et go, t
went and reated the whoe occurrence to Dayamant, as t took pace, and
then went whther t woud.
Now Damayant was ongng for Naa; so, by way of a devce to
obtan hm, she sent her mother to ask her father to appont for her the
ceremony of the Svayamvara. And her father Bhma consented, and sent
messengers to a the kngs on the earth, to nvte them to the Svayamvara.
And a the kngs, when they had receved the summons, set out for Vdarbha,
and Naa went aso eagery, mounted on hs charot.
And n the meanwhe, Indra and the other Lokapas heard from the
hermt Nrada of the Svayamvara of Damayant, and of her ove for Naa.
And of them Indra, the Wnd, the god of Fre, Yama and Varu|n.|a, ongng
for Damayant, deberated together, and went to Naa, and they found
Naa settng off on the |ourney, and when he prostrated hmsef before
them, they sad to hm "Go, Naa, and te Damayant ths from us--'Choose
one of us fve; what s the use of choosng Naa who s a morta?
* Sadgu|n.|a means good quaty, aso "good thread."
* The epthet refers aso to the arrows and means "brght wth exceent heads."
-----Fe: 573.png---------------------------------------------------------
Mortas are sub|ect to death, but the gods are undyng.' And by our favour,
thou shat enter where she s, unperceved by the others." Naa sad "So
be t," and consented to do the errand of the gods. And he entered the
apartments of Damayant wthout beng seen, and devered that command
of the gods, exacty as t was gven. But when the vrtuous woman heard
that, she sad "Suppose the gods are such, nevertheess Naa sha be my
husband, I have no need of gods." When Naa had heard her utter ths
nobe sentment, and had reveaed hmsef, he went and tod t, exacty
as t was sad, to Indra and the others; and they, peased wth hm,
gave hm a boon, sayng, "We are thy servants from ths tme forth,
and w repar to thee as soon as thought of, truthfu man.
Then Naa went deghted to Vdarbha, and Indra and the other gods
assumed the form of Naa, wth ntent to deceve Damayant. And they
went to the court of Bhma, assumng the attrbutes of mortas, and,
when the Svayamvara began, they sat near Naa. Then Damayant came,
and eavng the kngs who were beng procamed one by one by her
brother, graduay reached Naa. And when she saw sx Naas, a
possessng shadows and the power of wnkng,|*| she thought n her perpexty,
whe her brother stood amazed, "Surey these fve guardans of the
word have produced ths uson to deceve me, but I thnk that Naa s
the sxth here, and so I cannot go n any other drecton." When the vrtuous
one had thus refected, she stood facng the sun, wth mnd fxed
on Naa aone, and spoke thus--"O guardans of the word, f even n seep
I have never fxed my heart on any but Naa, on account of that oya
conduct of mne shew me your rea forms. And to a maden any other
men than her over prevousy chosen are strangers, and she s to them the
wfe of another, so how comes ths deuson upon you?" When the fve,
wth Indra at ther head, heard that, they assumed ther own forms, and
the sxth, the true Naa, preserved hs true form. The prncess n her deght
cast upon the kng her eye, beautfu as a bown bue otus, and the
garand of eecton. And a ran of fowers fe from heaven. Then kng
Bhma performed the marrage ceremony of her and Naa. And the kngs
and the gods, Indra and the others, returned by the way that they came, after
due honour had been done to them by the kng of Vdarbha.
But Indra and hs companons saw on the way Ka and Dvpara,|*| and
* So n Heodorus, Aethopca, Lb. III, cap. XIII.
|Greek: haa tos ht hophthamos an gnstheen hatenes doou bepontes ka
to bepharon oho poht
hepmuontes|--In the thrd canto of tho Purgatoro Dante s much troubed at
fndng that
Vrg, beng a dsemboded sprt, casts no shadow.
* Ka s the sde of the de marked wth one pont. Dvpara s the sde marked
wth two. They are personfed here as demons of gambng. They are aso the
present, .e., the fourth and the thrd Yugas or ages of the word.
-----Fe: 574.png---------------------------------------------------------
knowng that they had come for Damayant, they sad to them, "It s of no
use your gong to Vdarbha; we come thence; and the Svayamvara has
taken pace; Damayant has chosen kng Naa. When the wcked Ka
and Dvpara heard that, they excamed n wrath, "Snce she has chosen
that morta n preference to gods ke thysef, we w certany separate that
coupe." After makng ths vow they turned round and departed thence.
And Naa remaned seven days n the house of hs father-n-aw, and then
departed, a successfu man, for Nshada, wth hs wfe Damayant. There
ther ove was greater than that of |'S|va and Prvat. Prvat truy s haf
of |'S|va, but Damayant was Naa's sef. And n due tme Damayant
brought forth to Naa a son named Indrasena, and after that a daughter
named Indrasen.
And n the meanwhe Ka, who was resoved on effectng what he
had promsed, was seekng an occason aganst Naa, who ved accordng to
the |'S|stras. Then, one day, Naa ost hs senses from drunkenness, and
went to seep wthout sayng the evenng prayer and wthout washng hs
feet. After Ka had obtaned ths opportunty, for whch he had been
watchng day and nght, he entered nto the body of Naa. When Ka
had entered hs body, kng Naa abandoned rghteous practces and acted as
he peased. The kng payed dce, he oved femae saves, he spoke
untruths, he sept n the day, he kept awake at nght, he became angry
wthout cause, he took weath un|usty, he despsed the good, and he
honoured the bad.
Moreover Dvpara entered nto hs brother Pushkara, havng obtaned
an opportunty, and made hm depart from the true path. And one day
Naa saw, n the house of hs younger brother Pushkara, a fne whte bu,
named Dnta. And Pushkara woud not gve the bu to hs eder brother,
though he wanted t and asked for t, because hs respect for hm had been
taken away by Dvpara. And he sad to hm, "If you desre ths bu,
then wn t from me at once at pay." When Naa heard that chaenge, n
hs nfatuaton he accepted t, and then those two brothers began to pay
aganst each other. Pushkara staked the bu, Naa staked eephants and
other thngs, and Pushkara contnuay won, Naa as contnuay ost.
In two or three days Naa had ost hs army and hs treasure, but he st
refused to desst from gambng, though entreated to desst, for he was
dstracted by Ka. Damayant, thnkng that the kngdom was ost, put
her chdren n a spendd charot, and sent them to the house of her father.
In the mean-whe Naa ost hs whoe kngdom; then the hypocrtca
Pushkara sad, "Snce you have ost everythng ese, now stake Damayant
on the game aganst that bu of mne."
Ths wndy speech of Pushkara's, ke a strong bast, made Naa baze
ke fre; but he dd not say anythng unbecomng, nor dd he stake hs wfe.
-----Fe: 575.png---------------------------------------------------------
Then Pushkara sad to hm, "If you w not stake your wfe, then eave
ths country of mne wth her." When Naa heard ths, he eft that
country wth Damayant, and the kng's offcers saw hm as far as the
fronter. Aas! when Ka reduced Naa to such a state, say, what w be
the ot of other mortas, who are ke worms compared wth hm? Curse on
ths gambng, the vehood of Ka and Dvpara, wthout aw, wthout
natura affecton, such a cause of msfortunes even to roya sages.
So Naa, havng been deprved of hs soveregnty by hs brother,
started to go to another and wth Damayant, and as he was |ourneyng
aong, he reached the centre of a forest, exhausted wth hunger. There,
as he was restng wth hs wfe, whose soft feet were perced wth darbha
grass, on the bank of a rver, he saw two swans arrve. And he threw hs
upper garment over them, to capture them for food, and those two swans
few away wth t. And Naa heard a voce from heaven,--"These are those
two dce n the form of swans, they have descended and fown off wth your
garment aso." Then the kng sat down despondent, wth ony one garment
on, and provdenty shewed to Damayant the way to her father's house;
sayng, "Ths s the way to Vdarbha, my beoved, to your father's
house, ths s the way to the country of the Angas, and ths s the way to
Ko|'s|aa." When Damayant heard ths, she was terrfed, thnkng to
hersef--"Why does my husband te me the way, as f he meant to
abandon me?" Then the coupe fed on roots and fruts, and when nght
came on, ay down both of them, weared, n the wood, on a bed of
ku|'s|a grass. And Damayant, worn out wth the |ourney, graduay dropt
off to seep, but Naa, desrng to depart, kept awake, deuded by Ka.
So he rose up wth one garment, desertng that Damayant, and departed
thence, after cuttng off haf her upper garment and puttng t on.
But Damayant woke up at the end of the nght, and when she dd not
see n the forest her husband, who had deserted her and gone, she
thought for some tme, and then amented as foows: "Aas, my husband,
great of heart, mercfu even to your enemy! You that used to ove me
so we, what has made you crue to me? And how w you be abe to go
aone on foot through the forests, and who w attend on you to remove
your wearness? How w the dust defe on the |ourney your feet, that
used to be staned wth the poen of the fowers n the garands worn on
the heads of kngs! How w your body, that coud not endure to be
anonted wth the powder of yeow sanda-wood, endure the heat of the
sun n the mdde of the day? What do I care for my young son? What
for my daughter? What for mysef? May the gods, f I am chaste, procure
good fortune for you aone!" Thus Damayant amented, n her oneness,
and then set out by the path, whch her husband had shewn her beforehand.
And wth dffcuty she crossed the woods, forests, rvers, and
-----Fe: 576.png---------------------------------------------------------
rocks, and never dd she depart from her devoton to her husband n,
any pont. And the mght of her chastty preserved her on the way,|*|
so that the hunter, who, after deverng her from the serpent, fe
n ove wth her for a moment, was reduced to ashes. Then she
|oned a caravan of merchants, whch she met on the way, and wth them
she reached the cty of a kng named Subhu. There the daughter of the
kng saw her from her paace, and peased wth her beauty, had her brought
and gave her as a present to her mother. Then she remaned n attendance
on the queen, respected by her, and when questoned, she answered ony--"My
husband has abandoned me."
And n the meanwhe her father Bhma, havng heard the tdngs of
Naa's msfortune, sent trustworthy men n every drecton, to make search
for the roya coupe. And one of them, hs mnster named Suve|n.|a, as
he was wanderng about dsgused as a Brhman, reached that paace of
Subhu. There he saw Damayant, who aways examned guests, and she
saw wth sorrow her father's mnster. And havng recognzed one another,
they wept together so voenty, that Subhu's queen heard t. And the
queen had them summoned, and asked them the truth of the matter, and
then she found out that the ady was Damayant, the daughter of her sster.
Then she nformed her husband, and after shewng her honour, she sent
her to the house of her father wth Suve|n.|a and an army. There Damayant
remaned, reunted wth her two chdren, enqurng under her father's
gudance for news of her husband. And her father sent out spes to ook
for her husband, who was dstngushed by preternatura sk n cookng
and drvng. And kng Bhma commanded the spes to say; "Moon,
where have you hd yoursef so cruey, desertng your young brde aseep
n the forest, dear as a custer of whte otuses, havng taken a pece of her
robe?"|*| Ths he tod them to utter wherever they suspected the presence
of Naa.
And n the meanwhe kng Naa traveed a ong way at nght n that
forest, cothed wth the haf-garment, and at ast be saw a |unge-fre. And
he heard some one excam--"Great-hearted one, take me away from the
neghbourhood of ths fre, n order that I, beng hepess, may not be burned
up by t." When Naa heard ths, he ooked round, and behed a snake
coed up near the fre, havng hs head encrced wth the rays of the |ewes
of hs crest,|*| as f sezed on the head by the |unge-fre, wth terrbe famng
* Cp. Mton's Comus, v. 421 and ff. The word "mght" aso means "fre".
Ths "fre" burnt up the hunter.
The pun n the prevous sentence cannot be rendered n Engsh.
* Here there s a pun. Ambara aso means the sky.
* For the |ewes n the heads of reptes see the ong note n Benfey's
Panchatantra,
Vo. I, p. 214. The passage n "As you ke t" w occur to every one.
-----Fe: 577.png---------------------------------------------------------
weapons n ts hand. He went up to t, and n compasson put t on hs
shouder, and carred t a ong dstance, and when he wshed to put t
down, the snake sad to hm--"Carry me ten steps further, countng them
as you go.|**P1: quote mark mssng?| Then Naa advanced, countng the
steps, one, two, three, four,
fve, sx, seven--sten, snake--eght, nne, ten, and when he sad ten
(da|'s|a),|*|
the snake took hm at hs word, and bt hm n the front of the forehead, as
he ay on hs shouder. That made the kng sma n the arms, deformed
and back. Then the kng took down the snake from hs shouder, and
sad to hm--"Who art thou, and what knd of a return for my
kndness s ths whch thou hast made?" When the snake heard ths
speech of Naa's, he answered hm,--"Kng, know that I am a kng of the
snakes named Krkotaka, and I gave you the bte for your good; that
you w come to earn; when great ones wsh to ve conceaed, a deformed
appearance of body furthers ther pans. Receve aso from me ths par
of garments, named the 'fre-beached,' you need ony put them on and
you w recover your true form." When Krkotaka had sad ths, and
had departed after gvng those garments, Naa eft that wood, and n course
of tme reached the cty of Ko|'s|a.
And gong by the name of Hrasvabhu, he took servce as a cook n
the famy of kng |R.|tupar|n.|a, the soveregn of Ko|'s|aa. And he acqured
renown by makng dshes of exquste favour, and by hs sk n charot-drvng.
And whe Naa was vng there, under the name of Hrasvabhu,
t happened that once upon a tme one of the spes of the kng of Vdarbha
came there. And the spy heard men there sayng,--"In ths pace there
s a new cook, of the name of Hrasvabhu, equa to Naa n hs own speca art
and aso n the art of drvng. The spy suspected that the cook was Naa
hmsef, and hearng that he was n the |udgment-ha of the kng, he went
there and repeated the foowng Ary verse, taught hm by hs master,
"Moon, where have you hd yoursef so cruey, desertng your young brde
aseep n the forest, dear as a custer of whte otuses, havng taken a pece
of her robe?" The peope present n the |udgment-ha, when they heard
that, thought that hs words were those of a madman, but Naa, who stood
there dsgused as a cook, answered hm, "What cruety was there n the
moon's becomng nvsbe to the otus-custer, when t reached and entered
another regon, after one part of the heaven|*| had become exhausted?"
When the spy heard ths, he surmsed that the supposed cook was
reay Naa transformed by msfortune, and he departed thence, and when
he reached Vdarbha, he tod kng Bhma and hs queen and Damayant a
that he had heard and seen.
* Da|'s|a means "ten," and aso "bte."
* Or robe. The pun s obvous.
-----Fe: 578.png---------------------------------------------------------
Then Damayant, of her own accord, sad to her father, "Wthout
doubt that man s my husband dsgused as a cook. So et ths amusng
artfce be empoyed to brng hm here. Let a messenger be sent to
kng |R.|tuparna,|**ater spet as |R.|tupar|n.|a| and the moment he arrves et
hm say to that kng, 'Naa
has gone off somewhere or other, no tdngs are heard of hm; accordngy
to-morrow mornng Damayant w agan make her Svayamvara; so come
qucky to Vdarbha ths very day;' and the moment the kng hears hs
speech, he w certany come here n one day, together wth that husband of
mne who s sked n charot-drvng." Havng thus debated wth her father,
Damayant sent off that very moment a messenger to the cty of Ko|'s|a wth
exacty ths message. He went and tod t, as t was gven hm to |R.|tuparna,
and the kng thereupon, beng excted, sad affectonatey to hs attendant
Naa, who was dsgused as a cook: "Hrasvabhu, you sad--'I possess
sk n charot-drvng.' So take me ths very day to Vdarbha f you have
suffcent endurance." When Naa heard that, he sad, "Good! I w
take you there," and thereupon he yoked swft horses, and made ready the
spendd charot. He sad to hmsef; "Damayant has spread ths report
of a Svayamvara n order to recover me, otherwse, I know, she woud not
have behaved n ths way even n her dreams. So I w go there and see
what happens." Wth such refectons he brought to |R.|tuparna the charot
ready. And as soon as the kng had mounted t, Naa proceeded to drve
on that charot wth a speed exceedng even that of Garu|d.|a. Then
|R.|tupar|n.|a |**prevousy |R.|tuparna|
dropped hs garment, and wshed to stop the charot n order to
recover t, but Naa sad to hm,--"Kng, where s that garment of yours?
Why the charot has n ths moment eft t many yo|anas behnd." When
|R.|tupar|n.|a heard ths, he sad:--"We, gve me ths sk n charot-drvng,
and I w gve you my sk n dce, so that the dce sha obey your command
and you sha acqure sk n numbers. And now ook; I w gve
you a proof of the truth of what I say. You see ths tree n front of us;
I w te you the number of ts eaves and fruts, and then do you count
them for yoursef and see." When he had sad ths, he tod hm the
number of the eaves and fruts on that tree, and Naa counted them
and found them exacty as many as he had sad. Then Naa gave to
|R.|tupar|n.|a hs sk n drvng, and |R.|tupar|n.|a gave to Naa hs sk n
dce
and numbers.
And Naa tested that sk on another tree, and found the number of
eaves and fruts to be exacty what he had guessed. And whe he was
re|ocng, a back man ssued from hs body, and he asked hm who he was.
Then he sad, "I am Ka; when you were chosen by Damayant, I entered
your body out of |eaousy, so you ost your fortune at pay. And when
Krkotaka bt you n the forest, you were not consumed, but I was burnt, as
you see, beng n your body. For to whom s a treacherous n|ury done to
-----Fe: 579.png---------------------------------------------------------
aganst others." After sayng ths, Ka vanshed from hs sght,
and Naa at once became we-dsposed as before, and recovered hs former
spendour. And he returned and remounted the charot; and n the course
of the same day he drove kng Rtuparna nto Vdarbha, so rapdy dd e
get over the ground, and there the kng was rdcued by the peope, who
asked the cause of hs conng; and he put up near the paace.
And when he arrved, Danay:ut knew of t, havng heard the wonderfu
nose of the charot, and she ny re|oced, as she suspected that Xaa
had come too. And she sent her own mad to fnd out the truth, and she
enqured nto t, and came back and sad to her mstress, who was ongng
for her beoved ord; " Oueen, I have enqured nto the matter; ths kng
of Kosua heard a fase report of your Svayamvara and has come here, and
he has been drven here n one day by Hrasvabahu hs charoteer and cook,
??who s famous for hs sk n managng charots. And I went nto the
ktchen and saw that cook. And he s back and deformed, but possesses
wonderfu powers. It s mracuous that water gushed up n hs pots and
pans, wthout beng put n, and wood burst nto fames of ts own accord,
wthout havng been ghted,* and varous cates were produced n a
moment. After 1 had seen ths great mrace, I came back here." When
Damayant heard ths from the mad, she refected--??" Ths cook, whom the
fre and the water obey, and who knows the secret of charot-drvng, can
be no other than my husband, and I suspect he has become changed and
deformed on account of separaton from me, but I w test hm." When
she had formed ths resove, she sent, by way of stratagem, her two chdren
wth that same mad, to shew them to hm. AndNaa, when he had seen
hs chdren and taken them on hs knees after a ong separaton, wept
senty wth a food of tears. And he sad to the mad--" I have two
chdren ke these n the house of ther materna grandfather, I have been
moved to sorrow by recoectng them." The mad returned wth the
chdren and tod a to Damayant, and then she conceved much hope.
And eary the next day she gave her mad ths order; "Go and te
that cook of Rtuparna's from me; ' I hear that there s no cook ke you
n the word, so come and prepare curry for me to-day.' " When the mad
* Cp. the 28th story n the 1st Part of Scansche Marchen by Laura
Gonzenbach,
"Von dcr Toehter der Sone." Here Lattughna says " Fre, be ghted," and
mmedatey a cear fre burned upon the hearth. Then she sad " Come aong,
pan,"
and a goden pan came and paced tsef upon the fre. "Come aong o," and
the
o came and poured tsef nto the pan. In " The story of Shams u dn and hs
son,"
Hasan Badr u dn s dscovered by hs sk n cookng (Lane's Araban Nghts,
Vo.
I, p. 266.) De Gubernats (Zooogca Mythoogy, Vo. I, p. oS,) remarks that scr-
vce
n the ktchen s especay dear to the young hero.
-----Fe: 580.png---------------------------------------------------------
and came to Damayant. And she sad, " Te me the truth; are you the
kng Naa dsgused as a cook? I am drowned n a sea of anxety, and you
must to-day brng me safe to shore." When Naa heard that, he was fu of
|oy, ove, gref and shame, and wth downcast face, he spoke, n a voce
faterng from tears, ths speech suted to the occason,--" I am n truth
that wcked Naa, hard as adamant, who n hs madness behaved ke
fre n affctng you." When he sad ths, Damayant asked hm--" If t
s so, how dd you become deformed?" Then Naa tod her the whoe of hs
adventures, from hs makng frends wth Karkotaka to the departure of
Ka from hm. And mmedatey he put on the par of garments caed the
"fre-beached," gven hm by Karkotaka, and recovered on the spot hs own
orgna shape.
When Damayant saw that Naa had resumed hs own charmng form,
the otus of her face qucky expanded, and she quenched, as t were, wth
the waters of her eyes the forest-fre of her gref, and attaned ndescrbabe
unequaed happness. And Bhma, the kng of Vdarbha, qucky heard
that ntegence from hs |oyfu attendants, and comng there he wecomed
Naa, who showed hm becomng respect, and he made hs cty fu of re|ocng.
Then kng Rtuparna was wecomed wth the observance of a outward
courtesy
and every hosptabe rte* by kng Bhma, who n hs heart coud not hep
aughng, and after he had n return honoured Naa, he returned to Kosaa.
Then Naa ved there happy wth hs wfe, descrbng to hs father-n-aw
hs outburst of wckedness due to the nfuence of Ka. And n a few
days he returned to Nshada wth the troops of hs father-n-aw, and he
humbed hs younger brother Pushkara, beatng hm by hs knowedge of
dce, but. rghteous as he was, he gave hm a share of the kngdom agan,
after Dvdpara had eft hs body, and gad at havng recovered Damayant,
he en|oyed hs kngdom awfuy.
When the Brahman Sumanas had tod ths story to the prncess
Bandhumat n Tarapura, whose husband was away, he went on to say to
her--" Even thus, queen, do great ones, after endurng separaton, en|oy
prosperty, and foowng the exampe of the sun, after sufferng a decne,
they rse agan. So you aso, bameess one, sha soon recover your husband
returnng from hs absence; use patent sef-contro, bansh gref, and
consoe yoursef wth the approachng gratfcaton of your wshes n the
return of your husband." When the vrtuous Brahman had spoken these
approprate words, she honoured hm wth much weath, and takng refuge
n patence, she remaned there awatng her beoved. And n a few days
her husband Mahpaa returned, wth hs father, brngng that mother of
hs from adstant and. And when he returned, furnshng a feast to a eyes,
* The Petersburg excographers thnk that samvftt shoud bo sadvrtt.
-----Fe: 581.png---------------------------------------------------------
he gaddened Bandhumat, as the fu moon gaddens the ovey water of
the ocean. Then Mahpa, on whom her father had aready devoved the
burden of the kngdom, en|oyed as a kng desred peasures wth her.
When prnce Naravhanadatta, the son of the kng of Vatsa, had
heard n the company of hs wfe, from the mouth of hs, |**typo unnecessary
comma| mnster Marubht,
ths matchess romantc story, peasng on account of ts pcture of
affecton, he was exceedngy peased.
-----Fe: 582.png---------------------------------------------------------
CORRIGENDA AND ADDENDA
TO VOL. I.
Page 5. For note *|**more than one note *| substtute--See note on page 281.
Page 12, ne 16|**.| "Every day when he awakes from seep, a hundred
thousand god
peces sha be found under hs pow." Ths may be compared wth Grmm's
No. 60.
"De zwe Brder." Each of the brothers fnds every day a god pece under hs
pow.
Page 14. Add to footnote--See aso the story of "De Kasern Trebsonda" n a
coecton of South Itaan taes by Wodemar Kaden, entted "Unter den
Ovenbumen"
and pubshed n 1880. The hero of ths story pays the same trck as Putraka,
and gans thereby an nexhaustbe purse, a par of boots whch enabe the
wearer to
run ke the wnd, and a mante of nvsbty. See aso "Beute, Mntechen und
Wunderhorn" n the same coecton, and No. XXII n Mss Stokes's Indan Fary
Taes. The story s found n the Avadnas transated by Stansas |uen:
(Lvque,
Mythes et Lgendes de L'Inde et de a Perse, p. 570, Lebrecht, zur Vokskunde,
p. 117.) M. Lvque thnks that La Fontane was ndebted to t for hs Fabe
of L' Hutre et es Padeurs. See aso De Gubernats, Zooogca Mythoogy, Vo.
I,
pp. 126-127, and 162.
Page 16, ne 1. "And so takng P|t.|a n hs arms he few away from that
pace through the ar." Compare the way n whch Zauberer Vergus carres off
the daughter of the Su|t.|n of Babyon, and founds the town of Napes, whch
he
makes over to her and her chdren: (Smrock's Deutsche Voksbcher, Vo. VI,
pp. 354, 355.) Dunop s of |**mssng the?| opnon that the medva
tradtons about Verg are
argey derved from Orenta sources.
Page 20. Add to note--A fant echo of ths story s found n Gonzenbach's
Scansche Mrchen, No. 55, pp. 359-362. Cp. aso No. 72(b) n the Nove
Morn. (Lebrecht's Dunop, p. 497.)
Page 22, ast ne of the page, "Yogananda threw |'S|akata nto a dark
dungeon
and hs hundred sons wth hm." Compare ths wth the story of Ugono n
Dante's
Inferno.
Page 30, ne 5. For "performng" read "presdng at."
Page 42. Add to note *|**more than one note *|--Ths beef seems to be very
genera n Waes, see Wrt
Skes, Brtsh Gobns, p. 113. See aso Kuhn's Herabkunft des Feuers, p. 93, De
Gubernats, Zooogca Mythoogy, Vo. II, p. 285.
Page 44. Add to note *--See aso Raston's Russan Fok-Taes, p. 241, where
Prnce Ivan by the hep of hs tutor Katoma propounds to the Prncess Anna the
far,
a rdde whch enabes hm to wn her as hs wfe.
Page 46. Add to footnote. M. Lvque (Les Mythes et Lgendes de L'Inde
p 327) connects ths story wth that of Phemon and Baucs. He ays partcuar
stress upon the foowng nes of Ovd:
-----Fe: 583.png---------------------------------------------------------
Uncus anser erat, mnm custoda v
Ouem Ds hosptbus domn mactare parabant:
Ie ceer penna tardos tate fatgat,
Eudtque du, tandemquo est vsus ad psos
Confugsse deos. Super vetuere necar.
See aso Gubernats, Zooogca Mythoogy, Vo. II, pp. 187, 297 and 414.
Page 53, ast ne of page. For ustratons of ths bath of bood see Dunop's
Lebrecht, page 135, and the note at the end of the book. The story of Der
arme
Henrch, to whch Lebrecht refers, s to be found n the VIth Voume of
Smrock's
Deutsche Voksbcher.
Page 54. Add to note *--Ggantc brds that feed on raw fesh are mentoned by
the Pseudo-Casthenes, Book II, ch. 41. Aexander gets on the back of one of
them,
and s carred nto the ar, gudng hs brd by hodng a pece of ver n front of
t.
He s warned by a wnged creature n human shape to proceed no further, and
descends
agan to earth. See aso Lebrecht's Dunop, p. 143 and note. See aso Brnger,
Aus
Schwaben, pp. 5, 6, 7. He compares Pacoet's horse n the story of Vaentne
and
Orson.
Page 58, ne 5. For "the god wth the bu-bazoned banner" read "the god
whose embem s a bu."
Page 64, ne 9. "A vage named Ngasthaa near Mathur."|** Mathur?| Mr.
Growse
remarks: "In Hnd the word Ngasthaa woud assume the form Nga; and
there
s a vage of that name to ths day n the Mahban Pargana of the Mathur
Dstrct."
Page 70. Add to note *|**thrd note|--In the Gehrnte Segfred (Smrock's
Deutsche Voksbcher,
Vo. III, pp. 368 and 416), the hero s made nvunerabe everywhere but
between the shouders, by beng smeared wth the meted fat of a dragon. Cp.
aso
the story of Aches. For the transformaton of Cha|n.||d|amahsena nto a boar
see
Bartsch's Sagen, Mrchen und Gebruche aus Mekenburg, Vo. II, pp. 144, 145,
and Gubernats, Zooogca Mythoogy, Vo. II, p. 14.
Page 74, ne 7 from the bottom. "Yaugandharyana, by means of that very
charm, gave Vasantaka a body fu of outstandng vens &c." Cp. the way n
whch
the Rtter Maegs transmutes Renod n the story of De Hemonsknder
(Smrock's
Deutsche Voksbcher, Vo. II, p. 86). "He changed hm nto an od man, a
hundred
years of age, wth a decrept and msshapen body, and ong har." See aso p.
114.
So Mern assumes the form of an od man and dsguses Uther and Ufn,
Dunop's
Hstory of Fcton, transated by Lebrecht, p. 66.
Page 76, ne 13. Mr. Growse wrtes to me wth reference to the name
Loha|angha--"Ths
name st exsts on the spot, though probaby not to be found esewhere.
The orgna bearer of the tte s sad to have been one of the demons whom
K|r.|sh|n.|a |**Krsh|n.|a?| sew, and a vage s caed Lohaban after hm,
where an ancent red sand-stone
mage s supposed to represent hm, and has offerngs of ron made to t at the
annua festva.
Page 77. Add to note *|**2nd note| "See aso the story of Henrch der Lwe,
Smrock's
Deutsche Voksbcher, Vo. I, p. 8. Dr. Kher refers to the story of Herzog Ernst.
The ncdent w be found n Smrock's verson of the story, at page 308 of the
IIIrd
Voume of hs Deutsche Voksbcher."
Page 79. Add to note * The egend of Garu|d.|a and the Bakhyas s found
n the Mahbhrata, see De Gubernats, Zooogca Mythoogy, p. 95.
-----Fe: 584.png---------------------------------------------------------
Page 80. Add to note * But |osephus n Ant. |ud. XVIII, 3, tes t of a Roman
knght named Mundus, who fe n ove wth Pauna the wfe of Saturnnus, and
by corruptng the prestess of Iss was enabed to pass hmsef off as Anubs. On
the
matter comng to the ears of Tberus, he had the tempe of Iss destroyed, and
the
prests crucfed. (Dunop's Hstory of Fcton, Vo. II, p. 27. Lebrecht's German
transaton, p. 232). A smar story s tod by the Pseudo-Casthenes of
Nectanebos
and Oympas.
Page 86. Add to note * See aso "The kng of Span and hs queen" n Thorpe's
Yue-tde Stores, pp. 452-455. Thorpe remarks that the tae agrees n
substance
wth the baad of the " Graf Von Rom" n Uhand, II, 784; and wth the Femsh
story of "Rtter Aexander aus Metz und Sene Frau Forentna." In the 21st of
Bandeo's noves the test s a mrror (Lebrecht's Dunop, p. 287). See aso pp.
85
and 86 of Lebrecht's Dunop, wth the notes at the end of the voume.
Page 98, ne 3, for "he went and begged the hermt to gve hm to her n
marrage" read "he went and begged the hermt to gve her to hm n
marrage."
Page 98. Add to note * Bernhard Schmdt n hs Grechsche Mrchen, page 37,
mentons a very smar story, whch he connects wth that of Admetos and
Akests.
In a popuar baad of Trebsond, a young man named |anns, the ony son of hs
parents, s about to be marred, when Charon comes to fetch hm. He
suppcates
St. George, who obtans for hm the concesson, that hs fe may be spared, n
case hs
father w gve hm haf the perod of fe st remanng to hm. Hs father
refuses,
and n the same way hs mother. At ast hs betrothed gves hm haf her
aotted
perod of fe, and the marrage takes pace. The story of Ruru s found n the
Adparva of the Mahbhrata, see Lvque, Mythes et Lgendes de 'Inde, pp.
278,
and 374.
Page 99. Add to note. See aso Henderson's Fok-ore of the Northern Countes,
p. 45. "The vcar of Stranton was standng at the churchyard gate, awatng the
arrva of a funera party, when to hs astonshment the whoe group, who had
arrved
wthn a few yards of hm, suddeny wheeed and made the crcut of the
churchyard
wa, thus traversng ts west, north, and east boundares, and makng the
dstance
some fve or sx tmes greater than was necessary. The vcar, astonshed at ths
proceedng, asked the sexton the reason of so extraordnary a movement. The
repy
was as foows: 'Why, ye wad no hae them carry the dead agan the sun; the
dead
maun aye go wth the sun.' Ths custom s no doubt an ancent Brtsh or Cetc
custom, and corresponds to the Hghand usage of makng the deaz or wakng
three tmes round a person accordng to the course of the sun. Od Hghanders
w
st make the deaz around those to whom they wsh we. To go round the
person
n the opposte drecton, or "wthershns," s an ev ncantaton and brngs -
fortune.
Hunt n hs Romances and Dros of the West of Engand, p. 418. says,
"If an nvad goes out for the frst tme, and makes a crcut, the crcut must be
wth the sun, f aganst the sun, there w be a reapse. Lebrecht, zur
Vokskunde,
p. 322, quotes from the Statstca Account of Scotand, Vo. V, p. 88 the
foowng statement of a Scottsh mnster, wth reference to a marrage
ceremony:
"After eavng the church, the whoe company wak round t, keepng the church
was aways on the rght hand."
Thseton Dyer, n hs Engsh Fok-ore, p. 171, mentons a smar custom as
exstng n the West of Engand. In Devonshre backhead or pnsoes are cured
by
creepng on one's hands and knees under or through a brambe three tmes
wth the
sun; that s from east to west. See aso Raston's Songs of the Russan peope,
p. 299.
-----Fe: 585.png---------------------------------------------------------
Page 102;|**.| Add to note * Cp. Henderson's Fok-ore of the Northern
Countes,
p. 131.
Page 103. Add to note * Ths story bears a certan resembance to the
termnaton
of Aes aus ener Erbse, Kaden's Unter den Ovenbumen, p. 22. See aso
page 220 of the same coecton.
Page 104. Add to note * Lebrecht, n note 485 to page 413 of hs transaton of
Dunop's Hstory of Fcton, compares ths story wth one n The Thousand and
One
Days of a prncess of Kashmr, who was so beautfu that every one who saw
her went
mad, or pned away. He aso mentons an Araban tradton wth respect to the
Thracan sorceress Rhodope. "The Arabs beeve that one of the pyramds s
haunted
by a guardan sprt n the shape of a beautfu woman, the mere sght of whom
drves
men mad." He refers aso to Thomas Moore, the Epcurean, Note 6 to Chapter
VI,
and the Adventures of Hatm Ta, transated by Duncan Forbes, p. 18.
Page 115. For paraes to the story of Urva|'s|, see Kuhn's Herabkunft des
Feuer's, p. 88.
Page 121, ne 6. Grmm n hs Teutonc Mythoogy (transaton by Staybrass,
p. 121, note,) connects the descrpton of wonderfu madens sttng nsde
hoow
trees or perched on the boughs, wth tree-worshp.
Page 130, ne 6. Grmm n hs Teutonc Mythoogy (transaton by Staybrass,
p. 392) remarks--"One prncpa mark to know heroes by s ther possessng
ntegent
horses, and conversng wth them. The touchng conversaton of Aches wth
hs
Xanthos and Baos fnds a compete parae n the beautfu Karng egend of
Bayard.
(Ths s most pathetcay tod n Smrock's Deutsche Voksbcher, Vo. II, De
Hemonsknder,
see especay page 54). Grmm proceeds to cte many other nstances from
European terature. See aso Note 3 to the XXth story n Mss Stokes's
coecton.
See aso De Gubernats, Zooogca Mythoogy, Vo. I, p. 336 and ff.
Page 132. Add to note * The beef that the dead rose from the tomb n the
form of Vampres appears to have exsted n Chada and Babyon. Lenormant
observes n hs Chadan Magc and Sorcery, (Engsh Transaton, p. 37) "In a
fragment of the Mythoogca epope whch s traced upon a tabet n the
Brtsh
Museum, and reates the descent of Ishtar nto Hades, we are tod that the
goddess,
when she arrved at the doors of the nferna regons, caed to the porter
whose duty
t was to open them, sayng,
"Porter, open thy door;
Open thy door that I may enter.
If thou dost not open the door, and f I cannot enter,
I w attack the door, I w break down ts bars,
I w attack the encosure, I w eap over ts fences by force;
I w cause the dead to rse and devour the vng;
I w gve to the dead power over the vng."
The same beef appears aso to have exsted n Egypt. The same author
observes
(p. 92). "These formu aso kept the body from becomng, durng ts
separaton
from the sou, the prey of some wcked sprt whch woud enter, re-anmate,
and cause
t to rse agan n the form of a vampre. For, accordng to the Egyptan beef,
the
possessng sprts, and the spectres whch frghtened or tormented the vng
were but
the sous of the condemned returnng to the earth, before undergong the
annhaton
of the 'second death.'"
-----Fe: 586.png---------------------------------------------------------
Page 133, ne 1. Cp. the way n whch the wtch treats the corpse of her son
n the VIth book of the Aethopca of Heodorus, ch. 14, and Lucan's Pharsaa,
Book
VI, 754-757.
Page 134, ne 25. Cp. Smrock's Deutsche Voksbcher, Vo. III, p. 399.
Page 137, ne 26. Genera Cunnngham dentfes Paundravardhana wth the
modern Pubna.
Page 138. Add to note * See aso the 30th page of Lenormant's Chadan
Magc and Sorcery, Engsh transaton.
Page 142, nes 1 and 2. For stores of transportaton through the ar, see Wr
|**Wrt beow and n Googe books|
Skes, Brtsh Gobns, p. 157 and ff.
Page 142. Add to footnote. See aso the story of Henrch der Lwe, Smrock's
Deutsche Voksbcher, Vo. I, pp. 21 and 22.
Page 151. Add to note * Probaby the expresson means "fexbe, we-
tempered
sword," as Professor Nman Mukhopdhyya has suggested to me.
Page 153, ne 21. For the worshp of trees and tree-sprts, see Grmm's
Teutonc
Mythoogy, p. 75 and ff., and Tyor's Prmtve Cuture, Vo. II, p. 196 and ff.
Page 154. Add to note * See aso Wrt Skes, Brtsh Gobns, pp. 200, and 201;
Henderson's Northern Fok-ore, p. 19, Bartsch's Sagen, Mrchen, und
Gebruche aus
Mekenburg, Vo. I, pp. 128, 213. Professor |ebb, n hs notes on Theophrastus'
Supersttous man, observes "The ob|ect of a those ceremones, n whch the
offerngs
were carred round the person or pace to be purfed, was to trace a charmed
crce
wthn whch the powers of ev shoud not come."
Page 157. Add to note * In Iceandc Sagas a man wth meetng eyebrows s
sad to be a werewof. The same dea hods n Denmark, aso n Germany, whst
n
Greece t s a sgn that a man s a Brukoak or Vampre. (Note by Barng-Goud
n
Henderson's Fok-ore of the Northern Countes).
Page 159, ne 15. "Kartr came nto t wth a drawn sword n her hand."
Cp. the Aethopca of Heodorus, Book VII, ch. 15, where the wtch s armed
wth a
sword durng her ncantatons; and Homer's Odyssey, XI, 48. See aso for the
magc
vrtues of stee Lebrecht, Zur Vokskunde, pp. 312, 313. Add to footnote * See
aso
Bartsch's Sagen, Mrchen und Gebruche aus Mekenburg, Vo. I, p. 115.
Page 166. Add to note * See aso Bernhard Schmdt's Grechsche Mrchen,
p. 38. "A popuar baad referrng to the story of Dgens gves hm a fe of 300
years, and represents hs death as due to hs kng a hnd that had on ts
shouder the
mage of the Vrgn Mary, a egend the foundaton of whch s possby a
recoecton
of the od mythoogca story of the hnd of Artems ked by Agamemnon."
|Sophocs Eectra, 568.| In the Romance of Doon of Mayence Guyon ks a
hermt
by mstake for a deer. (Lebrecht's transaton of Dunop's Hstory of Fcton, p.
138)
See aso De Gubernats, Zooogca Mythoogy, pp. 84-86.
Page 174, ne 13. For "a you desre" read "a we desre." Lebrecht, speakng
of the nove of Guerno Meschno, compares ths tree wth the sun and moon-
trees
mentoned n the work of the Pseudo-Casthenes, Book III. c. 17. They
nform Aexander that the years of hs fe are accompshed, and that he w
de n
Babyon. See aso Raston's Songs of the Russan peope, p. 111.
Page 183, ne 1. M. Lvque consders that the above story, as tod n the
Mahbhrata, forms the bass of the Brds of Arstophanes. He dentfes
Garu|d.|a wth
the hoopoe. (Les Mythes et es |**no es n prevous mentons, nor n Googe
books| Lgendes de 'Inde et de a Perse, p. 14).
Page 183. Add to note * See aso Bartsch's Sagen, Mrchen, und Gebruche
aus Mekenburg, Vo. I, p. 277 and ff.
-----Fe: 587.png---------------------------------------------------------
Page 189. Add to note * For the dea see note on page 305.
Page 205. Add to note * Lenormant n hs Chadan Magc and Sorcery, p. 41,
(Engsh Transaton), observes: "We must add to the number of those
mysterous
rtes the use of certan enchanted drnks, whch doubtess reay contaned
medcna
drugs, as a cure for dseases, and aso of magc knots, the effcacy of whch
was frmy
beeved n, even up to the mdde ages." See aso Raston's Songs of the
Russan
peope, p. 288.
Page 206. Add to note * Cp. aso Kaden's Unter den Ovenbumen, p. 56.
Page 224. Add to note * In Wrt Skes's Brtsh Gobns, p. 84, a draught from
a forbdden we has the same effect.
Page 237, Add to note * See aso Bartsch's Sagen, Mrchen, und Gebruche
aus
Mekenburg, Vo. I, p. 90.
Page 241, ne 4, "Story of the seven Brhmans." Ths appears to be found n
a sghty dfferent form n the Harvan|'s|a. (Lvque, Mythes et Lgendes de
'Inde,
p. 220).
Page 253. Add to note * A very strkng parae w be found n Bernhard
Schmdt's Grechsche Mrchen, Story No. 3, p. 68. In ths story the three Mora
predct ev. The young prnce s saved by hs sster, from beng burnt, and from
fang over a precpce when a chd, and from a snake on hs weddng-day. See
aso
De Gubernats, Zooogca Mythoogy, Vo. II, pp. 301-302.
Page 254. Add to note * See aso Sr Thomas Browne's Vugar Errors, Book IV
ch. 9, "Of sautng upon sneezng."
Page 255, ne 22, "the ev mportunty of P|'s|chas." There s a story
ustratng
the "pertnacty" of gobns n Wrt Skes's Brtsh Gobns, p. 191.
Page 263. Add to footnote. Compare aso the way n whch the gardener n
"Das Rosmarnstruchen," Kaden's Unter den Ovenbumen, p. 12, acqures
some
usefu nformaton. The story of Krtsen from ths pont to the cure of the kng
cosey resembes the atter haf of De Zauberkugen n the same coecton.
Page 276. Add to footnote. So Arthur n the Romance of Artus de a Bretagne
(Lebrecht's Dunop, p. 107) fas n ove wth a ady he sees n a dream.
Lebrecht
n hs note at the end of the book tes us that ths s a common occurrence n
Romances,
beng found n Amads of Greece, Pamern of Ova, the Romans de Sept Sages,
the Fabau of the Chevaer a Trappe, the Nbeungen Led, &c, and rdcued
by
Chaucer n hs Rme of Sr Topas. He aso refers to Athenus, p. 575, and the
Hermotmus
of Lucan.
Page 286. Add to note * Cp. the story of St. Macarus.
Page 290. Add to footnote. See aso Bartsch's Sagen, Mrchen, und Gebruche
aus Mekenburg, Vo. I, pp. 265, 313, 441-444, and 447, where peas are used
for
the same purpose. See aso De Gubernats, Zooogca Mythoogy, p. 165.
Page 305. Add to note * The same noton w be found n Bartsch's Sagen,
Mrchen, und Gebruche aus Mekenburg, Vo. I, pp. 17, 64, 89, 91; Vo. II, p.
43.
Page 306. Add to footnote. For treasures and ther guardans see Bartsch's
Sagen, Mrchen, und Gebruche aus Mekenburg, Vo. I, p. 243 and ff., and for
the
cande of human fat, Vo. II, pp. 333 and 335 of the same work. Cp. aso
Brnger,
Aus Schwaben, pp. 251 and 262-270.
Page 312. Add to note * The author of Sagas from the Far East remarks;
"Serpent-Cutus was of very ancent observance, and s practsed by both
foowers
of Brhmansm and Buddhsm. The Brhmans seem to have desred to show
ther
dsapprova of t by pacng the serpent-gods n the ower ranks of ther
mythoogy,
-----Fe: 588.png---------------------------------------------------------
(Lassen. I, 707 and 544, n. 2). Ths cutus, however, seems to have receved a
fresh
deveopment about the tme of A|'s|oka crca 250 B. C. (Vo. II, p. 467). When
Madhyantka
went nto Cashmere and Gandhra to teach Buddhsm after the hodng of the
thrd synod, t s mentoned that he found sacrfces to serpents practsed there
(II.
234, 235). There s a passage n Putarch from whch t appears to have been
tho|**the|
custom to sacrfce an od woman (prevousy condemned to death for some
crme) to
the serpent-gods by buryng her ave on the banks of the Indus (II. 467, note 4)
Ktesas aso mentons the serpent worshp (II. 642). In Buddhst egends
serpents
are often mentoned as protectng patrons of certan towns. (Sagas from the Far
East, p. 355). See aso Mr. F. S|**.| Growse's Mathur memor, p. 71.
Page 327. Add to footnote. See aso Smrock's Deutsche Voksbcher, Vo. I,
p. 301; Vo. III, p. 12; Vo. VI, p. 289. Lucan n hs De De Syr ch. 32, speaks
of a precous stone of the name of |Greek: ychns| whch was brght enough to
ght up a
whoe tempe at nght. We read n the hstory of the Pseudo-Casthenes, Book
II,
ch. 42, that Aexander found n the bey of a fsh a precous stone whch he had
set
n god and used at nght as a amp. See aso Barng Goud's Curous Myths of
the
Mdde Ages, p. 42.
Page 338. Add to note * The ncdent n Scansche Mrchen cosey resembes
one n the story of Fortunatus as tod n Smrock's Deutsche Voksbcher, Vo.
III,
p. 175. There s a ppe that compes a the hearers to dance n Hug of
Bordeaux,
Vo. X, p. 263, and a very smar fary harp n Wrt Skes's Brtsh Gobns, p. 97;
and a magc fdde n Das Godene Schachspe, a story n Kaden's Unter den
Ovenbumen,
p. 160. A fdder n Bartsch's Sagen aus Mekenburg, (Vo. I, p. 130) makes
a gr spn round ke a top. From that day she was ame. See aso De
Gubernats,
Zooogca Mythoogy, Vo. I, pp. 182 and 288, and Barng Goud, IInd Seres, p.
152.
Page 343. Add to note. Cp. aso Mss Koary's Heroes of Asgard, p. 223, where
Lok and Idna n the forms of a facon and a sparrow are pursued by the gant
Thass n the shape of an eage.
Page 350, ne 14. Cp. Scansche Mrchen, Vo. II, p. 46, where the gant
treacherousy ets fa hs gauntet, and asks hs adversary to pck t up. Hs
adversary,
the hero of the story, tes hm to pck t up hmsef, and when the gant
bends down for the purpose, cuts off hs head wth one bow of hs sword.
Page 355. Add to note * Another parae s to be found n Kaden's Unter don
Ovenbumen, p. 168. See aso Sagas from the Far East, p. 268; Brnger, Aus
Schwaben, p. 105.
Page 360, Note *; 3rd ne from bottom. After "p. 408" nsert "and Wrt
Skes's Brtsh Gobns, p. 39."
Page 361. Add to note * So n No. 83 of the Scansche Mrchen the ants
hep Carnfedda because he once crumbed hs bread for them.
Page 364. Add to footnote. See aso Bartsch's Sagen, Mrchen, und Gebruche
aus Mekenburg, Vo. I, p. 508.
Page 369. Add to note on Chapter 39. Cp. aso for the tasks the story of Bsara
n Kaden's Unter den Ovenbumen, and that of De schne Forta. Herr Kaden
apty compares the story of |ason and Medea. Another exceent parae s
furnshed
by the story of Schneewess-Feuerroth n the same coecton, where we have
the
pursut much as n our text.
Page 387. Add to footnote f See aso Bartsch's Sagen, Mrchen und Gebruche
aus Mekenburg, Vo. I, p. 474. See aso De Gubernats, Zooogca Mythoogy,
Vo. I, p. 328, Vo. II, p. 317.
-----Fe: 589.png---------------------------------------------------------
Page 393. Add to note * See aso the romance of Parthenopex of Bos n
Dunop's Hstory of Fcton, (Lebrecht's transaton, p. 175).
Page 465. Add to note * See aso Bartsch's Sagen, Mrchen und Gebruche aus
Mekenburg, Vo. II, p. 313, and Brnger, Aus Schwaben, pp. 374-378, and 404.
For smar supersttons n ancent Greece see |ebb's Characters of
Theophrastus,
p. 163, "The supersttous man, f a wease run across hs path, w not pursue
hs
wak unt some one ese has traversed the road, or unt he has thrown three
stones
across t. When he sees a serpent n hs house, f t be the red snake, he w
nvoke
Sabazus, f the sacred snake, he w straghtway pace a shrne on the spot * *
* *
If an ow s started by hm n hs wak, he w excam "Gory be to Athene!"
before he proceeds." |ebb refers us to Ar. Ecc. 792.
Page 480. Add to note * The same s asserted by Paadus of the trees n the
sand of Taprobane, where the Makrobo ve. The fragment of Paadus, to
whch
I refer, begns at the 7th Chapter of the IIIrd book of the Hstory of the Pseudo-
Casthenes
edted by Carous Mueer.
Page 499. Add to note * Kuhn n hs "Herabkunft des Feuers" traces ths
story back to the |'S|atapatha Brhmana.
-----Fe: 590.png---------------------------------------------------------
ADDENDUM TO FASCICULUS IV.
Add to note on page 306.
It appears from Henderson's Fok-ore of the Northern Countes, that n Europe
a cande of human fat s used wth the Hand of Gory by robbers for the
purpose of
preventng the nmates of a house from awakng. He gves severa nstances of
ts
use. The foowng w serve as a specmen: "On the nght of the 3rd of |anuary
1831, some Irsh theves attempted to commt a robbery on the estate of Mr.
Naper of
Loughcrew, county Meath. They entered the house armed wth a dead man's
hand
wth a ghted cande n t, beevng n the supersttous noton that a cande
paced
n a dead man's hand w not be seen by any but those by whom t s used, and
aso
that f a cande n a dead hand be ntroduced nto a house, t w prevent those
who
may be aseep from awakng. The nmates however, were aarmed, and the
robbers
fed, eavng the hand behnd them." The composton of the cande s evdent
from
the foowng extract from the Dctonnare Inferna of Con de Paney. "The
Hand of
Gory s the hand of a man who has been hanged, and s prepared n the
foowng
manner. Wrap the hand n a pece of wndng-sheet, drawng t tght to squeeze
out
the tte bood whch may reman; then pace t n an earthen-ware vesse wth
satpetre, sat and ong pepper a carefuy and thoroughy powdered. Let t
reman
a fortnght n ths pcke t t s we dred, then expose t to the sun n the dog-
days
t t s competey parched, or f the sun be not powerfu enough, dry t n an
oven
heated wth vervan and fern. Next make a cande wth the fat of a hanged
man,
vrgn wax, and Lapand sesame. The Hand of Gory s used to hod ths cande
when t s ghted. Wherever one goes wth ths contrvance, those t
approaches are
rendered as ncapabe of moton as though they were dead." Southey n Book V
of
hs Thaaba the Destroyer represents a hand and taper of ths knd as used to
u
to seep Zohak, the gant keeper of the caves of Babyon. (See the extracts
from
Grose and Torquemada n the notes to Southey's poem. Dousterswve n Sr
Water
Scott's Antquary tes us that the monks used the Hand of Gory to concea
ther
treasures. (Henderson's Fok-ore of the Northern Countes of Engand and the
Borders, p, 200 and ff.)
=====================END OF VOLUME
1======================
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