LALA HARDAYAL

Lala Hardayal, a well known revolutionary nationalist, founder of the Ghadar Movement and a thinker and scholar, was born on 14th October, 1884 in Delhi. His father Shri Gauri Dayal Mathur was a scholar of Persian and Urdu. His mother was a peous and religious lady. First in every examination from the time he entered school, HAr Dayal broke past records when he passed the Master's Degree examination in English Literature from Punjab University. Part of Har Dayal's legend is related to his 'encyclopaedic trend of mind' and 'phenomenal memory'. His contemporaries at St. Stephen's Colege in Delhi such as Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, and his teachers recalled their amazement at the learning and creative thinking of Har Dayal at that young age. In 1905 he was awarded a state scholarship and he became a Government of India scholar in History and Economics (1905-1907), Sanskrit scholar (1907) and in History (1907) at Oxford. He resigned from his Government scholarship in 1907 and before returning to India he adopted a life style of austerity and renunciation. Coming to India he worked as a plitical missionary. Soon after he went to Paris and joining with Madam Cama and S.R. Rana, started editing 'Bade Mataram' from September 1909. Moving to USA in 1911, he joined the faculty of Stanford University as a lecturar in Philosophy. He founded and edited an Urdu Gurmukhi Weekly 'Ghadar' (Revolt) from 1st Novemmber 1913. The radical movement thus started came to be known as Gadhar Movement. Thousands inspired Ghadar patriots returned to Punjab in India and attempted to launch an armed insurrection against foreign rule during the first year of World War I. Har Dayal wa meanwhile arrested by the US Government in April 1914 for his alleged anarchist propaganda, but he jumped bail and left that country to join fellow revolutionaries such as Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, M. BArkatulah, Champakraman Pillai and Bhupendranath Dutt of the Indian Independence Committee in Berlin. For ten years after the end of the war he lived in Sweden lecturing on Indian Philosophy, art and literature. In 1930 he earned his doctorate on the dissertation "The Bodhisatva Doctoine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature", from the school of Oriental and African Studies of the University of London. Two years after the publication of his thesis in 1932, he brought out his most popular work "Hints of Self Culture", he letured and wrote profusely on a variety of subjects in India, USA and various countries of Europe. He was equally proficient in Urdu, Sanskrit, English, French, German and Swedish Languages. He was known to be a rationalist. an agnostic and an atheist. He died in Philadelphia when his heart stopped on March,4, 1939. Har Dayal wanted to return to his country but the British Government never allowed him the freedom from his exile. The Department of Posts feels previleged to issue a commemorative stamp in honour of Lala Har Dayal in the Series, "India's Struggle for Freedom". Philatelic Stamp Description: The 60 P multicolour stamp has been designed by India Security Press, Nashik Road. The cancellation has been prepared by Mrs. Alka Sharma. Stamp Currency:P Stamp Type:COMMEMORATIVE Stamp Language:English Stamp Overall Size:4.06 x 2.73 cms Postal Stamp Print Size:3.71 x 2.3 cms. Number of Stamps Per Sheet:40 Stamp Perforations:13 x 13 Postal Stamp Shape:Vertical Postage Stamp Paper:Unwatermarked P.G. Matt coated paper

Indian Stamp Process:Photogravure Number of stamps printed:10,00,000 Stamp Printed At:India Security Press Indian Stamp's Color:Multicol

Lala Har Dyal (1884-1939)

L. Har Dayal was born in a Mathur family on October 14, 1884 in Delhi. His mother was a pious lady. His father Shri Gauri Dayal Mathur was a scholar of Persian and Urdu. L. Har Dayal was actuated by zeal for public welfare from his very boyhood. As a student he led a band of workers from Lahore to help the earthquake victims of Kangra in the beginning of the century. L. Har Dayal was blessed with a photographic memory. He was always first in his class. In one year he did M.A. in English and broke past records. He passed M.A. in History next year. He was awarded State Scholarship in 1905 besides two other scholarships for higher studies in England. In England Shyamji Krishna Verma, a great Indian sociologist and revolutionary, influenced L. Har Dayal, Vir Savarkar and Bhai Parmanand, brave sons of India. The arrests of S. Ajit Singh and L. Lajpat Rai moved him so much that he returned his scholarship money and discontinued his studies.

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He was known for his high character, simplicity, nobility and intellectuality. Due to the high spirit of renunciation, self denial and altruism L. Har Dayal was held in high esteem by all. He was a sincere man who had the courage to live according to his convictions.

He kept two objects before him - knowledge and service. Being a polyglot he knew so many languages that one can't even imagine. He intended to devote himseld for the uplift of morals and civic education of his people. He established "World Fellowship of Faiths" in London. L. Har Dayal, Bhai Jwala Singh and others instituted six Guru Gobind Singh Scholarships for higher education at Berkeley in U.S.A. In 1911, he joined Stanford University (U.S.A.) as a lecturer in Indian Philosophy. He was awarded Doctorate for his thesis "Bodhisatva Doctrine" in 1932. Bhai Parmanand who was then in U.S.A., introduced L. Har Dayal to the Panjabee immigrants in America, who had an urge to free their country from the British domination. The leadership of L. Har Dayal gave strength to the movement. Consequently the Hindustan Ghadar Party was founded in Yugantar Ashram at San Francisco in Nov., 1913 with Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna as president, L. Har Dayal as secretary and Pt Kanshi Ram as treasurer. It was secularism married to revolutionary movement based on the principles of Liberty-Equality, Fraternity and Justice. It had its Punjab base mainly. The tremendous energies of L. Har Dayal found an appropriate outlet in the activities of the Ghadar Party. He had the marvellous spiritual power to turn ordinary men into heroes and martyrs by the thousand. Whoever came in his contact was bewitched and magnetised by his wonderful ability and erudition. Sir Michael O' Dwyer admits, "The Gadar movement was by far the most serious attempt to subvert British rule in India". The Rowlatt Report confirms the above view. The British Government considered L. Har Dayal as the fountain-head of revolutionary movement and pressed the United States Government to deport him. L. Har Dayal was arrested on March 23, 1914 but he reached Switzerland Via Turkey. Before leaving America he issued a strongly worded statement to the press to bring out the subservience of the United States administration to the British Government. At the outbreak of First World War, Indian Independence Committee was founded in Berlin in the middle of 1915 with L. Har Dayal and Sh. B.N. Chattopadhayay as its leading figures.. He died in Philadelphia on March 4, 1939 while on a Lecture tour of America. His Views Changed His views had now undergone a complete change. He began to look down upon everything Hindu and admired every thing Western. He advised the British to convert the empire into the British-oriental-African commonwealth in future.

Source: Baba Prithvi Singh, L. Har Dayal Birth Centenary Celebrations Committee, Jalandhar 1987, pg. 36. Source: L. Har Dayal Birth Centenary Celebrations Committee, Jalandhar 1987. Additional Source: Brown, Emily C. Har Dayal, Hindu Revolutionary and rationalist. Tuscon: University of Arizona Press. C. 1975 Additional Source: "Hindu And Sikh Conspiracies" pp.183-189 O'Dwyer, Michael, Sir India as I knew it, 1885-1925. 2nd Ed. London, Constable & Company Ltd. Publications By Lala Har Dayal Dayal, Har Twelve Religions and Modern Life. [Edgware (middlsex) Eng., Modern culture institute 1938 Document] Dayal, Har Hints for self-culture [London, Watts & co. 1934] Dayal, Har Forty-four months in Germany and Turkey, February 1915 to October 1918. [London, P.S. King & son, ltd., 1920] Dayal, Har Thoughts on Education: reprint of articles originally published in 1908 [New Delhi: Vivek Swadhyaya Mandal: Distributors, Rajdhani Granthagar, 1969] Dayal, Har The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature [Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass 1970] Dayal, Har Marx comes to India: earliest Indian biographies of Karl Marx, by Lal Hardyal and Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai Dayal, Har Letters of Lala Har Dayal [Dharmavira, Publication: Ambala Cantt., Indian Book Agency 1970] Dayal, Har Vyaktitva-vikasa: sangharsha aura saphalata [Nayi Dilli: Kitaba Ghara, 1997] Dayal, Har Mazduron Ka Paighambar Karl Marks [Lahaur: Lajpat Ra'e aind Sanz, 1939] Dayal, Har Writings of Lala Hardayal [Benares: Swarag Pub. House, 1923] Dayal, Har Hints for Self-culture [Bombay: Jaico, 1961]

Dayal, Har Swei-vikas da marg [Chandigarh, India: Lokgeet Parakasan, 1999] Dayal, Har Atma Nirmana, athava, Visvabandhutva aura buddhivada [Dehali: Bharati Sahitya Mandira, 1950]

Other Publications By or About Lala Har Dayal Available at the Gadar Party Collection at UC Berkeley (Bancroft Library) Barry, John Daniel Sidelights on India. Forward by Har Dayal. San Francisco: [s.n], 1912. Reprinted from The Bulletin, San Francisco 1912. 15 p. (photocopy) Dayal, Har Barabari Da Arth. [San Francisco: Hindustan Gadar Party, 193?]. 8 p. (Panjabi) Dayal, Har Gulami Di Zaihir [Ik Tavarikhi Lekh]. San Francisco: Hindustan Gadar Press, 1918. 16 p. Dayal, Har The Indian Peasant. [San Francisco]: Hindustan Gadar Party, [s.d] 4 p. (Panjabi) Dayal, Har Nim Hakim Khatara Jan, Navan Zamana, Naven Zamanen De Naven Adarshya. San Francisco: Gadar Press, 1914. 47 p. (Panjabi) Dayal, Har Shabash. San Francisco: Hindustan Gadar Party, 1913. 4 p. (Urdu) (photocopy) Dayal, Har "'Social Conquest of the Hindu Race' and 'Meaning of Equality'." San Francisco: Hindustan Gadar Party, [s.d], 8 p. Lal, Gobind Behari "A Note for the U.C. Gadar Study Project" Unpublished manuscript, San Francisco, 1973. 9 p. Dayal, Har "The Future of the British in Asia---II" The New Statesman, March 29, 1919, p. 573-575. Hardayal, Har Lala Samajak Fateh, Hindu Kaum di Samjak Taskhir. [s.l.: s.n., s.d.] (Panjabi) Lucas, Edward. "Hardayal's Feat of Memory.."

Lala Har Dayal

Lala Har Dayal was born in Delhi On October 4th,1884. Lala Har Dayal was the sixth of seven children of Bhoti and Gauri Dayal Mathur Couple. During his childhood he was influenced by Arya Samaj. Lala Har Dayal associated with Shyamji Krishnavarma, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and Bhikaiji Cama. Lala Har Dayal also drew inspiration from Giuseppe Mazzini, Karl Marx and Mikhail Bakunin. He was an atheist, a revolutionary and a Buddhist. Lal Har Dayal completed his schooling at the Cambridge Mission School and received his bachelor's degree in Sanskrit from St. Stephen's College, Delhi, India .He completed his master's degree alin Sanskrit from Punjab University. In 1905, Lala Har Dayal secured scholarships to Study Sanskrit at Oxford University. Because of his anarchist ideas,he was put under surveillance by the police. Later that year, he gave up his Oxford scholarships and returned to India to live a life of austerity. It was during this period he got acquainted with the anarchist Guy Aldred, who was put on trial for printing The Indian Sociologist. He moved to Paris in 1909 and became editor of the Vande Mataram.He moved to the United States in 1911, where he became involved in industrial unionism. He had served as secretary of the San Francisco branch of the Industrial Workers of the World alongside the National Bolshevik, Fritz Wolffheim. Basanta Kumar Biswas's attempt on the life of the Indian Viceroy, Lord Hardinge, on December 23,1912 had a major impact upon him.Lala Har Dayal started the Gadar Party in the U.S. and published a journal Ghadar in six languages from USA. Millions of copies of the journal were distributed in India and to Indians around the world. Copies of the journal were concealed in parcels of foreign cloth sent to Delhi. In April 1914, he was arrested by the United States government for spreading anarchist literature and fled to Berlin, Germany. He subsequently lived for a decade in Sweden. He received his PhD in 1930 from the University of London. In 1932, he published Hints of Self Culture and embarked on a lecture circuit covering Europe, India, and the United States. Lala Har Dayal died in Philadelphia in On March 18th.1939.