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2.1.1 Cooling Load Tem erature Di!!erence "CLTD# n equivalent temperature difference used for calculating the instantaneous e#ternal cooling load across a wall or roof. 2.1.2 $en%i&le Heat Gain $his the energy added to the space by conduction, convection and%or radiation. 2.1.' Latent Heat Gain $his the energy added to the space when moisture is added to the space by means of vapor emitted by the occupants, generated by a process or through air infiltration from outside or adjacent areas. 2.1.( T)ermal Re%i%tance "R# $his is the reciprocal of a heat transfer coefficient and is e#pressed in &hr '( ft))%*tu. (or e#ample, a wall with a +,value of '.)- would have a resistance value of . / 0%+ / 0%'.)-/1.'. $he value of . is also used to represent $hermal .esistivity, the reciprocal of the thermal conductivity
2.' COOLING LOAD CALCULATION ,ETHOD (or a thorough calculation of the zones and whole,building loads, one of the following three methods should be employed: a. $ransfer (unction 6ethod &$(6): $his is the most comple# of the methods proposed by 78. 9 and requires the use of a computer program or advanced spreadsheet. : b. Cooling ;oad $emperature <ifferential%Cooling ;oad (actors &C;$<%C;(): $his method is derived from the $(6 method and uses tabulated data to simplify the calculation process. c. $otal 9quivalent $emperature <ifferential%$ime, veraging &$9$<%$ ): $his was the preferred method for hand or simple spreadsheet calculation before the introduction of the C;$<%C;( method.
sensible heat e#change and evaporative losses, and Trad affects only sensible heat e#change. c. .elative humidity of the indoor air in @, which is the primary factor that influences evaporative heat loss. d. ir velocity of the indoor air in fpm, which affects the heat transfer coefficients and therefore the sensible heat e#change and evaporative loss. e. Clothing insulation affects the sensible heat loss. Clothing insulation for occupants is typically '.> clo in summer and '.= to 0.) clo in winter. Indoor Tem erature "./# >B , C1 CE ,CB
Relati1e HumiditTolera&le Range "2# 0inter $ummer E' , >Pre!erred Range "2# )-,E' 1', --
2.(.1 0all%
$he cooling load from walls is treated in a similar way as roof: F 5all / + G 5here F 5all / ;oad through the walls in *tu%hr + / $hermal $ransmittance for walls in *tu% &h ft) () / area of walls in ft) C;$< / Cooling ;oad $emperature <ifference for walls in ?(. G C;$< 5all Corrected
2.(.' Peo le
F sensible / 2 &F7) &C;() F latent / 2 &F;) 5here 2 / number of people in space F7, F; / 7ensible and ;atent heat gain from occupancy. C;( / Cooling ;oad (actor 4ccupants generate both sensible and latent heat components according to activity level. $he sensible heat rate increases slightly with higher activity but latent heat increases dramatically because of greater perspiration rates needed to maintain body temperature.
Heat Gain !rom Occu ant% at *ariou% Acti1itie% "At Indoor Air Tem erature o! 34./# Acti1it7eated at rest 7eated, very light wor!, writing 7eated, eating 7eated, light wor!, typing, 7tanding, light wor! or wal!ing slowly, ;ight bench wor! ;ight machine wor!, wal!ing Emi%hr 6oderate dancing Total )eat5 6tu+) Adult5 male Ad7u%ted 1'' E-' 1=' -)' >1' ='' ==' 0'1' 0E>' 0>'' 1)' -=' -0' >1' C=' 0'1' 0)=' 0>'' $en%i&le )eat5 6tu+) )0' )E' )-)-E0E1E11'->Latent )eat5 6tu+) 01' 0B' E))-E)1E>B=C0'E-
2.(.( Lig)t%
$he primary source of heat from lighting comes from light,emitting elements. 4nly part of the energy from lights is in the form of convective heat, which is pic!ed up instantaneously by the air, conditioning apparatus. $his absorbed energy contributes to space cooling load only after a time lag, with some part of such energy still present and reradiating after the lights have been switched off. Henerally, the instantaneous rate of heat gain from electric lighting may be calculated from: F / E.10 # 5 # (+$ # (7
occupants. $he heat is usually added to the air stream before the cooling coil and has no direct impact on the space conditions. $he additional cooling coil load is calculated as follows: F sensible / 0.'= # C(6 # &$o A $c) F latent / 1=1' # C(6 # &5o A 5c) F total / 1.- # C(6 # &ho A hc) 5here C(6 / Ientilation airflow rate. $o / 4utside dry bulb temperature, ?( $c / <ry bulb temperature of air leaving the cooling coil, ?( 5o / 4utside humidity ratio, lb &water) per lb &dry air) 5c / 8umidity ratio of air leaving the cooling coil, lb &water) per lb &dry air) ho / 4utside%3nside air enthalpy, *tu per lb &dry air) hc / 9nthalpy of air leaving the cooling coil *tu per lb &dry air)
7ensible heat per person / ='5 ;atent heat per person / -'5 ;ights and fans together cause / 0-'''5 7ensible heat gain through glass, walls, ceiling etc. / 0-'''5
ir infiltration )' mE %min and fresh air supply 0'' mE %min 7o, I0/)'mE %min, If / 0''mE %min
;ocating these points on psychrometric chart and finding enthalpy from chart h0 / B= !J%!g , Is0 / '.B0 mE %!g , h) / 11 !J%!g , h / =.) !J%!g 6ass of infiltrated air at point 0 m0/ I0 % Is0 / )'%'.B0 / )0.B- !g%min 7ensible heat gain due to infiltration of air / m0 &h A h)) / )0.B-&=) , 11) / =E1.0 !J%min / 0E.B !5 ;atent heat gain due to infiltration air / m0 &h0,h ) / )0.B-&B>,=)) / E-0 !J%min / -.=- !5 $otal sensible heat gain from persons / Fs per person # 2o. of persons / =' # >' / >.1 !5 $otal latent heat gain from persons / F0 per person # 2o. of persons / -' # >' / 1 !5 $otal sensible heat gain in the room, .78 / 7ensible heat gain due to infiltration of air K sensible heat gain from persons K sensible heat gain due to lights and fans K sensible heat gain through glass, walls and ceilings. / 0E.B K >.1 K 0- K 0- / -'.E !5 $otal latent heat gain in the room .;8 / ;atent heat gain due to infiltration of air K latent heat gain from persons / -.=- K 1 / B.=- !5 .oom sensible heat factor / .78( / .78 % &.78 K .;8) / -'.E % & -'.E K B.=- ) / '.=1 5e !now outside total heat 4 $8 / '.') I0 &h0 A h))
/ )0.> !5
Grand total heat load = RSH + RLH + RSHF= 81.75 kW