Child Poverty in Nottingham, 2013

Note produced by Policy and Research Team Nottingham City Council August 2013

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The extent of child poverty in Nottingham Nottingham City has a high level of child poverty, regardless of the definition used. Two thirds of City children live in families that receive financial support from the Government, either because nobody in the household works or those who are in work earn a low income. This is significantly higher than the England average. Worklessness affects slightly more children in Nottingham than low income. 42,000 Nottingham City children live in families where no adults work or where the household income is low. This is equivalent to 67% of children compared to rates of 50% in Greater Nottingham and 45% in England. 21,200 (34%) of City children live in families where parents are claiming workless benefits, such as Jobseekers Allowance, Incapacity Benefit and Lone Parent Income Support. A further 20,900 (33%) live in families where the annual income is sufficiently low to warrant financial support in the form of Child Tax Credit and Working Tax Credit typically less than 17,000. The majority of Greater Nottingham children living in workless or low income families, reside within the City. There has been a decrease in the number of children in low income families and an increase in the number in workless families in Greater Nottingham between 2010/11 and 2011/12, reversing the changes seen the previous year. Workless poverty is more geographically concentrated than in-work poverty. In one City ward and a number of City Lower Super Output Areas (LSOAs), more than 50% of children live in workless families.

Introduction
This note is an update to previous Child Poverty Notes which can be found on www.nottinghaminsight.org.uk or accessed by clicking here.

1 MEASURES OF CHILD POVERTY

The official definition of child poverty is the number of dependent children who live in households whose equivalised income1 is below 60% of the contemporary national median. Data to measure this at a national level are collected through the annual Family Resources Survey, but the sample size is not large enough to give robust results at local authority level. In the absence of local level data, previous Child Poverty Notes have used HMRC tax credit data to indicate the finalised annual number of children who live in families where no adult works, or where the family income is sufficiently low to warrant financial support in the form of working tax credit2. This includes children in families claiming tax credits with an income above 60% of the median and will include some families who have a relatively good income and are therefore only eligible for the childcare elements of working tax credits. This measure was chosen because, although some families with an income above 60% of the median may not be in poverty, a greater proportion will have a relatively low income, and some may be at risk of falling into poverty. In this note, this data is discussed in section 2 and is referred to as the Nottingham City Council defined local child poverty measure. Recently however, the Child Poverty Unit have published new data which gives a snapshot of the number of children who live in families in receipt of out of work meanstested benefits and those in families in receipt of tax credits where their reported income is less than 60% median income3. The Children in Low-Income Families Local Measure, formerly known as the NI116 proxy measure is closer to the official definition of child poverty, although it is still derived using administrative data rather than survey data. The measure is narrower than the Nottingham City Council defined local measure, which includes children in families claiming tax credits with an income above 60% of the median. In this note, this data is discussed in section 3 and is referred to as the national proxy child poverty measure. For more detail on definitions and data sources, please see appendix A.

Equivalised income is a measure of household income that takes account of the differences in a household's size and composition making it equivalent for all household sizes and compositions.
2

As entitlement to tax credits can change throughout the year as families circumstances change, this data is a complete retrospective picture for the year, based on a finalised view of family incomes and circumstances.
st

This data is a snapshot of the caseload at a particular point in time (31 August), rather than the complete retrospective picture for the year, based on a finalised view of family incomes and circumstances.

2 THE NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL DEFINED LOCAL CHILD POVERTY MEASURE

2.1 The extent of child poverty in Nottingham

Over 42,000 Nottingham City children live in families where no adults work or where the household income is low. This is equivalent to 67% of all children4. 21,200 or 34% of all children live in workless families. A further 20,900 (33%) live in families with low incomes. Nottingham Citys neighbouring authorities have much lower rates, as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Children in workless and low income families, 2011-12 Children Workless No. 21,200 3,300 3,700 1,800 Low Income No. 20,900 4,400 5,600 3,700 Low Workless Income % % 33.8 33.3 15.7 20.9 16.1 24.4 7.8 16.1 23.1 18.4 19.9 26.7 25.8 24.8 Total % 67.1 36.6 40.5 23.9 49.8 44.3 44.7

Nottingham City Broxtowe Gedling Rushcliffe Greater Nottingham* % In City East Midlands England

Total No. 42,100 7,700 9,300 5,500

34,600 64,600 30,000 70.7 60.4 64.9 179,400 251,500 430,900 2,290,200 2,864,500 5,154,700

Source: HMRC Child and Working Tax Credit Statistics, Finalised Awards 2011/12. * Excludes Hucknall.

Table 2 shows the number of families with children in relative poverty. There are 11,000 workless families a small increase on last year, and 11,800 families with low incomes a decrease of 500 on last year. There are just under 36,000 workless or low income families in Greater Nottingham.

The number of children is taken from Child Benefit Records. Please note this differs to previous child poverty notes which use the mid year estimates of population aged 0-18 as a denominator. See Appendix A for more information.

Table 2 Workless and low income families, 2011-12 Families Low Income No. 11,800 2,700 3,300 2,200

Nottingham City Broxtowe Gedling Rushcliffe Greater Nottingham* % In City East Midlands England

Workless No. 11,000 1,800 2,000 1,000 15,800 69.6 93,800 1,198,800

Total No. 22,800 4,500 5,300 3,200

20,000 35,800 59.0 63.7 142,600 236,400 1,591,800 2,790,600

Source: HMRC Child and Working Tax Credit Statistics, Finalised Awards 2011/12. * Excludes Hucknall.

2.2 Child poverty trends

Tax credit data has been published for the last few years which allows analysis of changes over time. It is important to note however, that the data is influenced by take up rates, so the trends in the following tables should be treated with caution. The number of children in workless families increased in all the districts of Greater Nottingham except Rushcliffe, between 2010-11 and 2011-12. The number in low income families decreased. This is the reverse of what happened in the previous year. Table 3 Children in workless and low income families, 2010-11 to 2011-12 Children in Low Income Families 2010-11 No. 21,800 4,600 6,000 3,800 2011-12 No. 20,900 4,400 5,600 3,700 34,600 60.4 251,500 2,864,500 Change (%) -4.1 -4.3 -6.7 -2.6 -4.4 -4.2 -2.5

Children in Workless Families 2010-11 No. 21,000 3,200 3,600 1,900 2011-12 No. 21,200 3,300 3,700 1,800 Change (%) 1.0% 3.1% 2.8% -5.3% 1.0%

Nottingham City Broxtowe Gedling Rushcliffe Greater Nottingham* % In City East Midlands England

29,700 30,000 70.7 70.7 181,100 179,400 2,340,400 2,290,200

36,200 60.2 -0.9% 262,400 -2.1% 2,938,000

Source: HMRC Child and Working Tax Credit Statistics, Finalised Awards 2010/11 and 2011/12. Greater Nottingham excludes Hucknall.

Table 4 shows the number and percentage of children in workless and low income families for Nottingham City since 2005/6. Please note that all percentages have

been calculated using the number of children from child benefit records as a denominator this is different to child poverty notes prior to 2012, so percentages may differ from those previously published. The number of children in workless families increased by 200 in 2011/12, and the number in low income families decreased by 900, meaning the total percentage is at its lowest since 2007/8. Although the total number of children in workless and low income families is above the 2008/9 figure, the percentage has decreased every year since 2008/9, due to a rise in the number of children in the City. Table 4 Children in workless and low income families, Nottingham City Workless Number % 20,300 34.7 20,200 34.1 19,960 34.0 21,030 35.4 21,300 34.7 21,000 33.8 21,200 33.8 Low Income Total Number % Number % 17,570 30.0 37,870 64.6 18,230 30.8 38,430 64.9 19,230 32.8 39,190 66.8 20,390 34.3 41,420 69.7 21,100 34.4 42,400 69.2 21,800 35.1 42,800 68.8 20,900 33.3 42,100 67.1

2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

Source: HMRC Child and Working Tax Credit Statistics, Finalised Awards

2.3 The spatial distribution of child poverty

The HM Revenue and Customs extract of CTC and WTC data at Lower Super Output Level (LSOA) as at August 2011 can be used to estimate ward rates, and to indicate the pattern of child poverty across Greater Nottingham. In three wards in Nottingham City (Arboretum, St Anns, and Aspley) at least four in five children live in either workless families or families with relatively low incomes. Eight other City wards have rates in excess of 70%. Aspley has the highest number of children affected. At over 5,000, this is 1,800 greater than the ward with the next highest number (Bulwell). All bar one City ward and ten wards outside Nottingham City have rates in excess of 50%. Of the non City wards, the largest percentage is Killisick (Arnold) at 66.7%.

Table 5 Wards with the highest rates of children in workless or low income families, August 2011 Rank by rate 1 2 3 4 5 Children No. 1,535 2,745 5,180 1,825 3,300

Ward Arboretum St. Ann's Aspley Bridge Bulwell

Rate % 85.3 81.6 81.3 77.2 74.0

Source: HMRC Child and Working Tax Credit Statistics, Small Area Analysis.

Please see Appendix B for rankings of all wards in Greater Nottingham.

Map 1 below shows the proportion of children living in either workless families or families with relatively low incomes by LSOA. The most income deprived areas are concentrated within Nottingham City. Map 1 below indicates high proportions in Aspley, Bulwell and the inner city areas of the Meadows, Radford, St. Anns and Sneinton. The map also shows pockets in Clifton, Bilborough, and Bestwood.

2.4 The spatial distribution of children in workless families

Table 6 gives the wards with the highest rate of children living in workless families. Aspley has both the highest rate and the highest number. There are a further seven City wards where more than 1,000 children live in out-of-work families. Just one ward outside of the City has a rate of more than 35% - Killisick in Arnold. Table 6 Wards with the highest rates of children in workless families, August 2011 Rank by rate 1 2 3 4 5 Children No. 3,200 1,520 1,900 765 1,800

Ward Aspley St. Ann's Bulwell Arboretum Bilborough

Rate % 50.2 45.2 42.6 42.5 40.9

Source: HMRC Child and Working Tax Credit Statistics, Small Area Analysis

Map 2 below shows that the LSOAs with the highest rates primarily lie within the Nottingham City boundary. There are high rates in Bells Lane, Broxtowe Estate, Bulwell, St. Anns and Sneinton. There are also pockets in the Meadows, Radford, and Bestwood.

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2.5 The spatial distribution of children in low income families

Table 7 gives the wards with the highest rate of children living in low income families. In Leen Valley, Arboretum and Berridge wards, more than 40% of children live in low income families. Seven other City have rates in excess of a third. Table 7 Wards with the highest rates of children living in low income families, August 2011 Rank by rate 1 2 3 4 5 Children No. 1,095 770 1,795 920 1,520

Ward Leen Valley Arboretum Berridge Bridge Dales

Rate % 43.4 42.8 42.3 38.9 38.7

Source: HMRC Child and Working Tax Credit Statistics, Small Area Analysis.

Map 3 below shows that the highest concentrations for children living in low income families, are mainly in parts of Sneinton, Radford and Hyson Green, the Meadows and the south of Clifton.

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3 THE NATIONAL PROXY CHILD POVERTY MEASURE 3.1 The extent of child poverty in Nottingham
Please note that the figures below differ to those in Section 2, as figures reported in section 2 include children living in families with income above the 60% median. In addition, the figures reported in section 2 are finalised data (over a whole year) rather than a snapshot at a point in time. See page 3 for further explanation. The national proxy child poverty measure shows that, at August 2011 over 18,000 City children were living in families claiming workless benefits; 1,200 were in families who worked but had incomes less than 60% of the median and a further 2,300 who claimed child tax credit only, but had an income less than 60% of the median (the latter figure will include people ineligible for working tax credit for various reasons.) The total of 21,600 equates to 34.4% of City children. Table 8 Children in families with income less than 60% of median, August 2011 Number of Children Working Tax Credit and earning less than 60% median 1,195 165 210 210 1,780 67% 13,830 180,505 Child Tax Credit only with income less than 60% median 2,285 465 495 325

Nottingham City Broxtowe Gedling Rushcliffe Greater Nottingham* % In City East Midlands England

Workless 18,120 2,495 2,805 1,240 24,660 73% 140,510 1,875,090

Total 21,600 3,140 3,560 1,740

Total % 34.4 14.9 15.5 7.6 23.0 18.4 20.1

3,570 30,040 64% 72% 24,905 179,245 313,855 2,319,450

Source: HMRC Revised local child poverty measure, August 2011

3.2 Child poverty trends

The number of children living in families with an income less than 60% of the median stayed fairly static in all Greater Nottingham areas between 2010 and 2011, except in Rushcliffe which saw a decrease greater than the regional and national average. It is worth noting however, that, as the figures show relative poverty, the number falling below the poverty threshold will be affected by changes to the median income. As the median income has fallen over recent years, some families may no longer be in poverty, but may have seen no actual change to their incomes or living standards.

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Table 9 Children in families with income less than 60% of median, 2010 to 2011 Children in poverty 2010 2011 21,440 21,600 3,115 3,140 3,570 3,560 1,805 1,740 29,930 30,040 72% 72% 181,250 179,245 2,367,330 2,319,450 Change (%) 0.7 0.8 -0.3 -3.6 0.4 -1.1 -2.0

Nottingham City Broxtowe Gedling Rushcliffe Greater Nottingham* % In City East Midlands England

Source: HMRC Revised local child poverty measure, 2010 and 2011

3.3 The spatial distribution of child poverty

The national proxy child poverty data at Lower Super Output Level (LSOA) as at August 2011 can be used to estimate ward rates, and to indicate the pattern of child poverty across Greater Nottingham. Table 10 Wards with the highest rates of children living in workless families or working families with an income below 60% of median income, August 2011 Rank by rate 1 2 3 4 5 Children No. 3205 1540 790 1905 1780

Ward Aspley St. Ann's Arboretum Bulwell Bilborough

Rate % 50.3 45.8 43.9 42.7 40.5

Source: HMRC Revised local child poverty measure, 2011

Map 4 shows the proportion of children living in either workless families or working families with an income below 60% of median income by LSOA. The most income deprived areas are concentrated within Nottingham City. The map indicates high proportions in areas within Aspley, St Anns, Bulwell and Radford, and parts of Sneinton. The map also shows pockets in the Meadows, Bestwood, Bilborough, and Top Valley.

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4 OTHER INDICATORS OF CHILD POVERTY 4.1 Claimant Unemployment trends

More up-to-date data to indicate worklessness is available in the form of Job Seekers Allowance claimant numbers from DWP. These show that in August 2013 there were 12,651 unemployed people in Nottingham City, 5.9% of the working age population. Claimant numbers fell by over 200 between July and August and have now fallen for the sixth month in a row. In the wider Greater Nottingham Area, there were 18,790 people unemployed (4.1%) in August 2013. The City has less than half of Greater Nottinghams working age population, but accounts for two thirds of the areas unemployment.

4.2 Consultation on Child Poverty

In late 2012, the Government launched a consultation on improving the measure of child poverty - how to best reflect the reality of child poverty using a multi-dimensional measure. The consultation asked for views on including a wider range of indicators, in addition to income, in a measure of child poverty. The consultation closed on 15th February 2013 and the Government have yet to publish the results. Whatever the results, it seems likely be that child poverty measures change in the future, although whether data will be available to allow monitoring at a local level is not yet known.

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APPENDIX A: DEFINITIONS AND DATA SOURCES

The number of children HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) publish the number of child benefit recipients on the HMRC website. Although these figures will not include children in families who may be eligible but not receiving child benefit for whatever reason, they give the best indication of the number of children in an area, as Child Benefit is a universal benefit and not (currently) affected by family income. Please note, previous Child Poverty notes, did not use child benefit recipients as a denominator for calculating Local Authority, East Midlands and England rates. The number of children aged 0-18 was instead taken from the latest Mid Year Estimates of population from the Office of National Statistics. Similarly, previous Child Poverty notes did not use child benefit recipients as a denominator for calculating Lower Super Output Areas (LSOA) and ward rates. Instead the number of children aged 0-18 was estimated by Nottingham City Council using the Mid Year Estimates and the 2001 Census (as these figures are not available from the Office of National Statistics). Due to the different denominators used in this report, changes in rates from previous Child Poverty Notes should be treated with caution.

Nottingham City Council local child poverty measure (as used in previous Child Poverty Notes) HMRC Child and Working Tax Credit data is published annually on the HMRC website at www.hmrc.gov.uk/stat Workless families HMRC analyse their administrative data and that of Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) to identify families receiving Child Tax Credit (CTC) in addition to key workless benefits. These include Jobseekers Allowance, Incapacity Benefit, Severe Disablement Allowance, Disability Living Allowance and Income Support. CTC is intended to support families with children, is paid in addition to Child Benefit, and is based on family size and household income. In some cases an equivalent payment is made via benefits. Capture of disability and sickness benefit claimant family information relies on them having applied for CTC: no family information is recorded otherwise. Although the terms workless and out-of-work have been used in this report for ease of narrative, some families will be working a few hours a week. However, associated incomes will be very low. Low income families In this report the number of families with low incomes is defined as those in receipt of both CTC and Working Tax Credit (WTC). WTC was introduced to support families on low incomes, but working at least 16 hours per week. The criteria for workless and low income are mutually exclusive, but in reality there will be a degree of churn as families financial and household circumstances change. Both sources give an average number of families and children for a given year. Total child poverty

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In the Nottingham City Council defined measure, total child poverty is the sum of children living in workless and low income families. Put another way, those children who live in households where the Government has determined a need for financial support, based on their circumstances. This is not the same as the official measure of child poverty, as the data looks at all claimants of CTC / WTC regardless of whether their total income is less than 60% of the median. The data for local authorities and larger geographies are taken from the Child and Working Tax Credit Statistics, Finalised Awards 2011-12. Figures are averages for the year. Rates are unofficial and have been calculated using the number of child benefit recipients from HMRC. The data for wards and smaller geographies are taken from the Child and Working Tax Credit Statistics for Lower Super Output Areas. Figures are snapshots as at August 2011. CTC claims are subject to seasonal variation and August is typically a higher than average month. Ward and LSOA rates are unofficial and have been calculated using numbers of child benefit recipients at LSOA level from HMRC. Because of the limitations of child benefit data mentioned above, and because claimant figures for small areas are subject to rounding before release, rates should be treated as indicative only.

National proxy child poverty measure For the past few years, HMRC have published a proxy child poverty measure (now called the Children in Low-Income Families Local Measure, formerly the revised child poverty measure or the NI116 measure) at LSOAs and Local Authority level. This gives the proportion of children who live in families in receipt of out of work means-tested benefits and those in families in receipt of tax credits where their reported income is less than 60% median income. Child poverty by this definition is the sum of: the number of children living in families in receipt of Income Support or IncomeBased Jobseekers Allowance the number of children living in families in receipt of both Child Tax Credit and Working Tax Credit whose reported income is less than 60 per cent of median income; the number of children living in families receiving Child Tax Credit only whose reported income is less than 60 per cent of median income; The denominator for calculating rates is the total number of children in the area determined by Child Benefit data.

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APPENDIX B: Nottingham City Council defined Child Poverty measure - statistics by Ward, August 2011
Children in Families (no.) LA Ashfield Ward Hucknall Central Hucknall East Hucknall North Hucknall West Attenborough Awsworth Beeston Central Beeston North Beeston Rylands Beeston West Bramcote Brinsley Chilwell East Chilwell West Cossall and Kimberley Eastwood North & Greasley Eastwood South Greasley (Giltbrook & Newthorpe) Nuthall East and Strelley Nuthall West & Greasley Stapleford North Stapleford South East Stapleford South West Toton and Chilwell Meadows Trowell Bestwood Village Bonington Burton Joyce and Stoke Bardolph Calverton Carlton Carlton Hill Daybrook Gedling Killisick Kingswell Lambley Mapperley Plains Netherfield and Colwick Newstead Phoenix Porchester Ravenshead St. James St. Marys Valley Woodborough Woodthorpe Low Income 380 485 325 510 65 125 140 250 225 120 140 105 190 365 310 150 475 190 225 170 285 230 385 230 85 110 435 80 365 385 475 290 315 205 195 65 300 465 110 325 265 120 220 360 320 25 160 Out of Work 275 525 305 460 25 60 125 275 170 75 85 60 95 360 175 75 555 120 90 115 270 175 235 120 35 55 320 30 225 235 230 315 135 255 135 10 145 455 90 210 110 45 90 310 250 20 65 Total 655 1010 630 970 90 185 265 525 395 195 225 165 285 725 485 225 1030 310 315 285 555 405 620 350 120 165 755 110 590 620 705 605 450 460 330 75 445 920 200 535 375 165 310 670 570 45 225 Children in Families (%.) Low Income 25.7 24.9 22.3 23.8 16.9 28.7 26.2 23.9 24.6 13.6 11.0 25.9 19.4 21.7 24.4 27.0 26.1 17.0 19.0 16.9 27.8 21.9 31.7 12.5 20.7 28.2 29.6 11.8 26.6 28.0 30.6 27.2 24.4 29.7 20.7 19.4 22.1 28.1 24.7 28.6 19.3 12.9 28.9 24.5 32.5 8.2 11.4 Out of Work 18.6 26.9 20.9 21.4 6.5 13.8 23.4 26.3 18.6 8.5 6.7 14.8 9.7 21.4 13.8 13.5 30.5 10.7 7.6 11.4 26.3 16.7 19.3 6.5 8.5 14.1 21.8 4.4 16.4 17.1 14.8 29.6 10.5 37.0 14.4 3.0 10.7 27.5 20.2 18.5 8.0 4.8 11.8 21.1 25.4 6.6 4.6 Total 44.3 51.8 43.2 45.2 23.4 42.5 49.5 50.2 43.2 22.0 17.7 40.7 29.1 43.2 38.2 40.5 56.6 27.7 26.6 28.4 54.1 38.6 51.0 19.0 29.3 42.3 51.4 16.2 43.1 45.1 45.5 56.8 34.9 66.7 35.1 22.4 32.8 55.6 44.9 47.1 27.3 17.7 40.8 45.6 57.9 14.8 16.1 Rank by % 38 25 41 35 70 43 30 29 39 73 85 46 60 40 49 47 20 65 67 64 24 48 28 80 59 44 26 88 42 36 34 19 52 13 51 72 53 21 37 32 66 83 45 33 17 90 89

Broxtowe

Gedling

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Children in Families (no.) LA Nottingham Ward Arboretum Aspley Basford Berridge Bestwood Bilborough Bridge Bulwell Bulwell Forest Clifton North Clifton South Dales Dunkirk and Lenton Leen Valley Mapperley Radford and Park Sherwood St. Ann's Wollaton East and Lenton Abbey Wollaton West Abbey Bingham East Bingham West Compton Acres Cotgrave Cranmer Edwalton Village Gamston Gotham Keyworth North Keyworth South Lady Bay Leake Lutterell Manvers Melton Musters Nevile Oak Ruddington Soar Valley Stanford Thoroton Tollerton Trent Trent Bridge Wiverton Wolds Low Income 770 1980 1305 1795 1355 1370 920 1400 820 660 1130 1520 220 1095 815 780 870 1225 300 650 135 140 285 175 465 65 125 175 85 20 195 110 275 140 120 120 90 30 65 290 65 60 60 40 195 75 115 35 Out of Work 765 3200 1315 1240 1535 1800 905 1900 770 645 930 1360 210 590 840 690 790 1520 310 280 60 50 145 55 295 20 110 105 20 5 115 45 125 70 40 75 35 15 20 135 25 25 20 20 100 55 50 20 Total 1535 5180 2620 3035 2890 3170 1825 3300 1590 1305 2060 2880 430 1685 1655 1470 1660 2745 610 930 195 190 430 230 760 85 235 280 105 25 310 155 400 210 160 195 125 45 85 425 90 85 80 60 295 130 165 55

Children in Families (%.) Low Income 42.8 31.1 33.2 42.3 32.9 31.1 38.9 31.4 28.0 25.8 35.0 38.7 36.1 43.4 28.4 38.6 28.7 36.4 32.1 21.2 12.3 14.9 25.2 14.6 29.0 18.3 15.2 13.0 25.0 7.4 20.5 9.0 19.6 19.3 15.2 11.9 8.1 8.2 14.4 20.0 16.3 12.1 13.6 11.1 20.9 12.1 16.4 7.8 Out of Work 42.5 50.2 33.5 29.2 37.3 40.9 38.3 42.6 26.3 25.2 28.8 34.6 34.4 23.4 29.3 34.2 26.0 45.2 33.2 9.1 5.5 5.3 12.8 4.6 18.4 5.6 13.4 7.8 5.9 1.9 12.1 3.7 8.9 9.7 5.1 7.5 3.2 4.1 4.4 9.3 6.3 5.1 4.5 5.6 10.7 8.9 7.1 4.4 Total 85.3 81.3 66.7 71.6 70.1 72.0 77.2 74.0 54.4 51.1 63.8 73.3 70.5 66.7 57.8 72.8 54.7 81.6 65.2 30.3 17.7 20.2 38.1 19.2 47.4 23.9 28.7 20.7 30.9 9.3 32.6 12.7 28.5 29.0 20.3 19.4 11.3 12.3 18.9 29.3 22.5 17.2 18.2 16.7 31.6 21.0 23.6 12.2 Rank by % 1 3 13 9 11 8 4 5 23 27 16 6 10 12 18 7 22 2 15 57 84 77 50 79 31 68 62 75 56 95 54 91 63 61 76 78 94 92 81 58 71 86 82 87 55 74 69 93

Rushcliffe

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