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Engineers Module 2 part 2 Topics covered: Water Pollution Causes and Effects, Marine Pollution, Soil Pollution. References used Book 1 : [1] Environmental Studies, by Mr. Benny Joseph.
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growth
of
soluble algae etc. which die, decay resulting in oxygen depletion. cause death of aquatic life. make water unfit for drinking,
Water soluble organic chemicals - Acids, salts, harm aquatic life, reduce crop toxic metal (Pb, Hg) compounds. 4 Radioactive substances - water soluble radio yields, promote corrosion in equipment using this water. cause birth defects, cancer etc. decreases and dissolved increases oxygen water
temperature.
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Point sources
e.g. Pipe, sewage treatment plants, factories, ditches, offshore oil wells, coal mines etc. These are easy to be identified, regulated and monitored.
Non-point sources
e.g. run-offs from agricultural etc. / get
industrial
land,
roads
Arsenic, Cd, Pb etc. harm aquatic life and also reach humans through these.
Organic pollutants (coming from petroleum refineries, paper mills etc.) provide nutrition to microorganisms that decompose organic matter, consume oxygen resulting in reduced DO levels, leading to death of aquatic organisms.
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get accumulated in the fatty tissues and harm nervous systems . Typhoid, Cholera etc. caused due to drinking of contaminated water. Fluoride-containing pollutants cause dental problems, gastro-
Marine Pollution
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farming, air-borne nitrogen oxygen depletion, death of 1 2 Nutrients Plastics oxide from cars etc. Fishing nets, beach litter. marine life. cause harm to marine life. spread cholera, typhoid and 3 Pathogens Sewage and livestock. other diseases.
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Hinder photosynthesis, clog gills Due to erosion, by 4 Sediments Persistent toxins forestry, mining. Industrial discharge, of fish. Contains excess of
wastewater
discharge, Contaminate seafood. Fat soluble pesticides from farms. toxins are harmful.
Oil
spills In
(have low
long levels,
lasting cause
effect).
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Improve sewage disposal facilities. Each house can have septic tanks.
Soil Pollution
Soil is made up of organic and inorganic layers.
Organic formed by decaying of plants and animals. Inorganic rocky layers . Pollution of soil is caused when / substances / organisms enter soil and harm its quality.
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energy / biological
Causes of Soil Pollution Accidents involving vehicles carrying fuels, resulting in their spilling. Toxic chemicals due to solid waste disposal.
e.g. garbage from homes, industries result in respiratory and nervous problems.
Hazardous
substances
from
industries
(Chemical,
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