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1) The current flow in a branch circuit is to be checked to determine if it is within the rated capacity of the circuit.

The instrument best s this test would be: a multimeter. a clip-on ammeter a neon test light. either b or c

2) Which of the following can be used to provide information about the shape of a voltage waveform? oscilloscope multimeter logic probe neon test light

3) The type of screwdriver designed for use on screws with an 'X-shaped' insert in their heads is: a Phillips screwdriver a Robertson screwdriver. a standard screwdriver. a hexagon screwdriver.

4) An electromechanical relay is basically:

an electromagnet used to swi contacts.

an electromagnet used to opera motors.

an electronic circuit used to con motors.

a device designed to relay infor

5) Relays are primarily used to switch currents in the: control circuit. load circuit.

power-distribution circuit. live circuit.

6) Which of the following is not a common application for a relay?

change alternating current to current

control a 120-V lighting circuit w control circuit

control several switching operat single separate current

switch a high-current motor circ and OFF with a low current con

7) A particular relay is rated as follows: coil-9V DC, 200 mA: contacts-120 V AC, 10 A. What maximum number of 100-W, 120-V light could be safely controlled by this relay? 2 4 5 12

8) A particular relay is rated as follows: coil-9 V DC, 200 mA; contacts-120 V AC, 10 A. The resistance of the coil would be: 45 . 24 . 6,000 . 2,400 .

9) For an electromechanical relay, the amount of voltage and current required to energize the relay coil is:

the same when connected on a DC source.

the same as the voltage and cu ratings of the contacts.

more than what is required to energize the coil

less than what is required to de the coil.

10) Relays with sets of contacts, which are closed by some type of magnetic effect, are called: electromechanical relays. solid-state relays. hybrid relays. magnetic relays.

11) Relays with no contacts, which are switched entirely by electronic devices, are called:

electromechanical rel solid-state relays. hybrid relays. magnetic relays.

12) Solid-state relays use ____ as switching devices. semiconductors coils contacts permanent magnets

13) Which of the following is not an advantage of solid-state relays over electromechanical relays? longer life

less electromagnetic interference generate

less susceptible to d from voltage and cu spikes faster response time

14) The purpose of overload protection on a motor is to protect:

the motor from sust overcurrents.

the wire from high cu

the motor from sustai voltage. the motor from short

15) The current drawn by a motor is: low on starting. high on starting.

an accurate measure motor load. both b and c

16) Which of the following is designed to provide machine operation protection by requiring the motor to be restarted after a power fai

phase-reversal protec

ground-fault protectio

low-voltage protecti low-voltage release

17) A contactor differs from a relay in that:

it operates on a differ principle.

its contacts can inte large motor currents

gravity and spring ten contacts. all of these

18) Technician A says a reduced-voltage starter is designed to apply full line voltage to the motor upon starting. Technician B says re voltage starting produces a lower starting torque. Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only

both Technician A an Technician B neither Technician A Technician B

19) Which of the following starters increases the voltage gradually as the motor starts?

primary-resistance st

autotransformer start wye-delta starter solid-state starter

20) Which of the following applies to stopping a motor by electronically reversing the motor while it is still running in the forward direct dynamic braking regenerative braking plugging jogging 21) Motor drive systems are used: with AC or DC motors.

when operator-controlled varian speed is required. to maintain steady motor speed load fluctuations. all of these

22) Which of the following is not a characteristic of AC motors? high torque at low speed lower cost less maintenance required

physically smaller than DC moto same horsepower

23) In a variable-speed drive for a three-phase motor, which of the following circuits changes the DC power back to an adjustable freq output? rectifier inverter

regulator modulator

24) Sensors are used to detect the presence of and/or measure: temperature. position. light. all of these

25) The insulating material on a printed circuit board is called: the laminate. the dielectric. the cladding. the foil.

26) The foil pattern layout for a PC board shows:

all the interconnecting terminal s connections.

the exact location of all the comp parts.

all necessary conductor routin required for the working circu all of these

27) Resist is any material which: acts like a resistor.

offers resistance to the flow of c circuit.

will resist the chemical reactio to etch copper. all of these

28) The most commonly-used solder for soldering component leads to a PC board is:

20/80 bar solder. 40/40 solid wire solder. 60/40 resin-core wire solder. 50/50 acid-core wire solder.

29) A properly-soldered PC board connection will: have low resistance. appear shiny. have no pin holes. all of these

30) Large components that require considerable mounting space on a PC board are usually

integrated on to the board with v components that require little sp

mounted at 90? to all other com

shielded to prevent electrical inte

left off the board completely a wired. 31) When drilling lead access holes in a PC board:

moderate pressure should be appli drill.

heavy pressure should be applied to t

the drill must be of a large enough dia completely remove the terminal pad c both a and c

32) For mass production of printed circuit boards, the type of printing process most often used is: the photo-etch method. hand printing. the print-and-etch technique.

machine printing.

33) When soldering on a PC board, the solder is always applied to: the tip of the soldering iron only.

both the tip of the soldering iron and th component lead.

the junction of the lead and the term area. the laminate.

34) Cleaning the copper foil of a PC board prior to soldering:

is only necessary if the foil appears di

is only necessary if a rosin based flux used. is essential in all instances. both a and b

35) A computer is basically a digital electronic system. True False

36) Computers are capable of storing large amounts of data. True False

37) Nonvolatile memory loses all its information when power is removed. True False

38) The computing power of a computer is determined by its wattage rating. True False

39) All computers are able to get data into and out of memory at approximately the same speed. True False

40) The input/output provisions for microprocessor-based systems are all basically the same. True False 41) The microprocessor uses only analog signals. True False

42) Types of output devices include instrumental displays and actuators. True False

43) MS-DOS is an example of a programming language. True False

44) Word processing is a type of computer applications software. True False

45) In any number system, the position of a digit that represents part of the number has a weighted value associated with it. True False

46) To express a number in binary requires fewer digits than in the decimal system. True

False

47) Most digital logic circuits are constructed using integrated circuits. True False

48) Combinational logic circuits have no memory. True False

49) The primary function of a combinational logic circuit is to make decisions. True False

50) The only true mathematical operation performed by a computer is division. True False 51) The state of a flip-flop is determined by observing its Q output. True False

52) In a D flip-flop, the Q output is the same as the D input one clock pulse later. True False

53) Asynchronous is the term used to designate control by a clock pulse. True False

54) Binary counters are usually constructed using XOR gates.

True False

55) An integrated circuit:

is a series of transistors mounted within a chip.

refers to separately-produced components together with conductors to produce a com circuit.

is a complete electronic circuit with all components and interconnecting wirin contained within a single chip of silicon

is a series of separately-produced compo wired within a printed circuit board.

56) Which of the following IC packages is extremely vulnerable to damage from static electricity? DIP digital analog MOS

57) The use of ICs: is limited because of their high cost.

permits very complex circuits to have s physical dimensions. is common in high-current circuits. is common in high-voltage circuits.

58) Digital ICs contain: amplifying-type circuitry. resistors, capacitors, and transistors. resistors, capacitors, and diodes. switch-type circuitry.

59) Analog ICs contain: amplifying-type circuitry. resistors, capacitors, and transistors. resistors, capacitors, and diodes. switch-type circuitry.

60) The operational amplifier (op-amp) is: a high-gain amplifier. a type of analog IC. used to amplify AC or DC signals. all of these

61) The output power rating of a

varies with the type of op-amp us is unlimited.

if exceeded, can damage the opoverheating. both a and c

62) An IC voltage comparator is basically:

an oscillator operated with a pos feedback circuit.

an oscillator circuit without a feed circuit.

an op-amp operated with a nega feedback circuit. an op-amp operated without a circuit.

63) A 555 Timer IC is connected as a free-running oscillator. How can the output frequency be increased?

decrease the capacitance of th capacitor

increase the resistance of the tim resistors

increase the capacitance of the t capacitor

decrease the input signal frequen

64) Technician A says the duty cycle of a pulse waveform is the percentage of the time the output is high. Technician B says the duty pulse waveform is found by dividing the total ON time by the total OFF. Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only

both Technician A and Technicia

neither Technician A nor Technic

65) When troubleshooting most electronic circuits, 'loading effect' can be minimized by using a voltmeter with a/an:

input impedance much greater impedance across which the v being measured

input impedance much less than impedance across which the volt being measured

sensitivity of less than 1000 ohm

sensitivity of more than 1000 vol

66) A semiconductor that decreases in resistance with an increase in temperature is known as a: resistor thermistor diode thermopile

67) The shunt used in an ammeter should be connected in.

series with the load and in par the meter movement

parallel with the load and in serie meter movement

parallel with the load and in para the meter movement

series with the load and in series meter movement

68) External shunts are sometimes used with ammeters to: increase meter sensitivity

permit shunts with larger resistan utilized

prevent damage to the meter m from heat generated by the sh

enable the construction of a com meter with a virtually unlimited ra

69) Which of the following statements represents an application of a silicon controlled rectifier?

To provide DC power for a mai propulsion motor.

For use as a voltage reference d

For sensing flame in an automat To eliminate power supply hum.

70) An accidental path of low resistance, allowing passage of abnormal amount of current is known as a/an : open circuit short circuit polarized ground ground reference point

71) A resistance in a circuit of unknown value is to be tested using the voltmeter/ammeter method. Therefore, the meters should be co with : both meters in series with the resistance both meters in parallel with the resistance

the ammeter in series and the voltmeter in with the resistance

the ammeter in parallel and the voltmeter in s the resistance

72) A direct current passing through a wire coiled around a soft iron core is the description of a simple : magnetic shield

electromagnet piezoelectric device electromagnetic domain

73) The use of four diodes, in a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit, will : provide unidirectional current to the load

allow a very high leakage current from the loa convert direct current to alternating current

offer high opposition to current in two directio

74) When troubleshooting electronic equipment, you should use a high impedance multimeter :

to prevent excess current flow through the me would damage it

for AC measurements only and a low resistan for DC measurements

whenever a low impedance meter is not avail regardless of the components being tested

so as not to load down the circuit and obta erroneous voltage readings

75) Which of the listed devices is used to measure pressure and convert it to an electrical signal ? Transducer Reducer Transformer Rectifier

76) The device that most commonly utilizes the principle of electromagnetic induction is the : diode transformer transistor rheostat

77) Which of the following statements concerning analog and digital devices are correct?

The variables in digital systems are fixed quantities, and the variables in analog sys continuous quantities.

There are no basic differences between the tw systems.

Analog devices are superior in accuracy com digital devices. Operations in a digital device are performed simultaneously.

78) The Wheatstone bridge is a precision measuring instrument utilizing the principle of changes in : inductance capacitance resistance amperage

79) Which of the listed logic gates is considered to be a BASIC building block (basic logic gate) used in logic diagrams? NAND OR NOR All of the above.

80) Heat sinks are frequently used with : power transistors vacuum tubes tunnel rectifier diodes all of the above 81) The first requirement for logical troubleshooting of any system is the ability to :

collect all available data on a casu recognize normal operation

identify the probable cause of a sy isolate the faulty component

82) A fuse that blows often should be replaced only with a fuse of :

the recommended current and v rating higher current and voltage rating

higher current and lower voltage r

lower current and higher voltage r

83) Which of the listed conditions is an advantage of a PN diode over a vacuum diode? Longer life. No warm up time. Less delicate. All of the above.

84) The heating of conductors as a result of resistance in a distribution circuit causes a power loss expressed as : line droop line loss IR drop hysteresis

85) In process control terminology values which can change without distinct increments, such as temperature, pressure, or level are c binary values digital values bumpless values analog values

86) Silicon diodes designed for a specific reverse breakdown voltage, become useful as an electronic power supply voltage regulator

tunnel diodes hot-carrier diodes compensating diodes Zener diodes

87) The type of feature afforded auxiliaries vital to the operation of propelling equipment, where automatic restart after a voltage failur not create a hazard, is termed : low voltage protection high amperage protection low voltage release high amperage release

88) Which of the following statements correctly applies to transistors?

NDN and PNP are the two basic t transistors.

The three terminals are called th emitter, base, and collector.

The emitter separates the base an collector.

The collector separates the emitte base.

89) The basic measuring unit of inductance is the : coulomb ohm farad henry

90) Alternating current circuits develop resistance, inductance and capacitance. The inductance of a coil is expressed in : ohms mhos henrys

farads

91) An insulation resistance test is performed on a particular piece of electric equipment. In addition to the resistance reading, what i listed below should be entered in the ele

The maximum allowable operating temperature o machine.

The temperature of the machine at the time th resistance reading was taken. The normal temperature rise of the machine.

The complete nameplate data from the resistanc instrument used to obtain the reading.

92) Alternating current circuits develop resistance, inductance, and capacitance. The capacitance of individual capacitors is expresse ohms mhos henrys farads

93) Which of the following statements represents the important factor that must be considered when replacing a faulty diode in the ex rectifier assembly?

Be certain that the replacement diode is the s polarity as the one removed.

Never alter the diode alignment to cause a chang neutral plane.

Replacement of a diode also requires balancing rotor with a one-piece rotor lamination to be shru keyed to the shaft.

The replacement diode must be dipped in varnish installation to protect against humidity.

94) The insulation resistance of electric equipment and machinery should be tested for the lowest normal insulation values :

immediately after shutting down the machine every time the brush rigging is adjusted immediately after starting up the machine

every 30 days whether the machine is in use or n

95) A triac thyristor functions as a control device and is basically :

two NPN transistors in parallel with a common ba

a diode in series with a temperature sensitive cap two back-to-back SCR's with a common gate a triode tube with an extra heavy grid element

96) The apparent power in a purely inductive circuit is also known as : true power lead power induced power reactive power

97) The multiple prefix 'giga' (G) means : thousand (10 to the 3rd power) million (10 to the 6th power) billion (10 to the 9th power) trillion (10 to the 12th power)

98) Copper is often used as an electrical conductor because it : has high resistance at low temperatures has a highly polished surface is able to pass current with little opposition holds insulation together well

99) The unit of apparent power in a purely inductive circuit is called the : kva var emf watt

100) A grounded switch or cable will be indicated by a megohmmeter reading of : infinity 'zero' being unsteady in the high range being unsteady in the low range

101) The multiple prefix 'kilo' means : thousand (10 to the 3rd power) million (10 to the 6th power) billion (10 to the 9th power) trillion (10 to the 12 power)

102) An adjustable resistor, whose resistance can be changed without opening the circuit in which it is connected, is called a : bleeder resistor rheostat bridge variable shunt strip

103) The purpose of a heat sink, as frequently used with transistors, is to : prevent excessive temperature rise compensate for excessive doping increase the reverse current decrease the forward current

104) The combined effect of inductive reactance, capacitive reactance, and resistance in an AC series circuit is known as : reactance total reactance

impedance resonance

105) In a DC series circuit, all the conductors have the same : power expended in them voltage drop across them resistance to current flow current passing through them

106) AC circuits develop resistance, inductance, and capacitance. The inductive reactance of a circuit is expressed in : ohms mhos henrys farads

107) A silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is a solid state device used to change :

DC to AC and control relatively low load

AC to DC and control relatively high l current

DC to AC and control relatively high loa

AC to DC and control relatively low load

108) The basic control action of a magnetic amplifier depends upon : variations in the load capacitance changes in inductance type of core material construction of the core

109) The process, whereby electrons gain sufficient energy to be released from the surface of a thin, heated metal plate, is known as

photo electric emission secondary emission thermionic emission regressive emission

110) Most conducting materials such as copper, aluminum, iron, nickel, and tungsten :

increase in resistance with increased temperature increase in resistance with decreased temperature decrease in resistance with increased temperature

increase in conductance with increased temperature 111) In a series circuit, which value will remain unchanged at all places in the circuit? Voltage Current Resistance Inductance

112) In electronic circuitry, the abbreviation 'PCB' commonly means ______________. pulse coded binary printed circuit board poly-coated braid personal computer bits

113) Which of the listed conditions describes the effect on intrinsic semiconductor operation as a result of a temperature increase? Additional heat sinks will be required Conductivity will increase Conductivity will decrease

Resistivity will increase

114) In electronic circuits, DC voltages can be positive (+) or negative (-) when measured with respect to the : printed circuit board 'common' trace chassis, console frame or hull 'ground' analogue or digital circuitry 'common' bus all of the above

115) Capacitors are used on the output of the power supply in today's consoles to : filter out 'ripple' prevent overloads act as a permanent load

decrease the average value of the output voltag

116) Operational amplifiers, used primarily in analog circuits, are characterized by :

high input impedance, high gain and low ou impedance

high input impedance, high gain and high outpu impedance low input impedance, low gain and high output impedance low input impedance, high gain and low output impedance

117) Reversing the current flow through a coil will : reduce the amount of flux produced have no effect on the eddy currents produced reduce the power consumed reverse its two-pole field

118) The schematic symbol for an operational amplifier in an analog circuit is a : circle

square trapezoid triangle

119) The total resistance of a parallel circuit is always : larger than the greatest branch resistance smaller than the lowest branch resistance

equal to the sum of the individual branch resist

one-half the sum of the individual branch resist

120) Which of the following expresses the relationship of the input and output frequencies in a full wave rectifier?

The output frequency is the same as input freq

The output frequency is one-half the input frequ

The output frequency is twice the input freq

The output frequency is four times the input fre

121) A temperature instrumentation system for an engine room console consists of a resistance temperature detector (RTD), a measuring bridge circuit, and a meter (or alarm circuit).Which of the following statements is true concerning the measuring bridge circuit : The input voltage varies in a linear fashion with temperature. The voltage across the center of the resistance bridge is always constant. The resistance bridge is said to be balanced when its output voltage is zero. The input voltage of the resistance bridge is the constant temperature signal.

122) One feature of the operational amplifier is that it can have : up to ten outputs binary coded decimal inputs several hundred amps at the output inverting and non-inverting inputs

123) A signal derived from a controlled function and returned to the initiating point is called a/an : monitoring signal inverse signal reverse signal feedback signal

124) A semiconductor is a material with a : conductivity higher than a normal conductor conductivity higher than a normal insulator high conductivity at low temperatures low conductivity at high temperatures

125) A capacitor can be tested using a megohmmeter or an ohmmeter. If the meter is connected to a shorted capacitor, the met pointer should : immediately swing to the maximum resistance value for the capacitor first swing quickly to 'zero', then gradually move up the scale as the capacitor charges immediately deflect to and remain at zero immediately swing to a high reading and then gradually decrease

126) To provide its unique characteristics to analog circuits, the operational amplifier is made up of a/an : voltage amp, current amp and output amp input amp, power amp and output amp scaling amp, power amp and voltage amp differential amp, voltage amp and output amp

127) When replacing a power transistor fitted with a heat sink in a circuit, a coating of silicone grease is applied between the transistor case and the heat sink. This is done to : lubricate the transistor

lubricate the heat sink aid in the removal of the heat sink provide maximum heat transfer

128) The resistance of a conductor varies : directly as its length and inversely as its cross-sectional area inversely as its length and directly as its cross-sectional area directly as its length and directly as its cross-sectional area inversely as its length and inversely as its cross-sectional area

129) In order to check the performance of a transistor removed from its circuit, the instrument to be used should be a/an : voltmeter or transistor tester impedance meter ohmmeter or transistor tester sensitive potentiometer

130) When a megohmmeter is being used to test insulation resistance, current leakage along the surface of the insulation is indicated by the megohmmeter's pointer : dipping toward zero then raising slowly continually rising as test voltage is applied kicking slightly down scale as voltage is applied fluctuating around a constant resistance reading 131) Which of the following actions can be carried out in order to prevent thermal runaway in a transistor? Increase the current through the collector-base junction. Install a heat sink. Shift the 'Q' point to increase collector current. Increase the potential difference between the emitter and the base.

132) Basic operating characteristics of the operational amplifier such as gain and stability are the function of its : differential input stage power output stage feedback circuit supply voltages

133) Possible phase relationships between voltage and current in an alternating current circuit include which of the following conditions? Current and voltage may be in phase. Current may lead the voltage. Current may lag the voltage. All of the above.

134) A suspected 'open' in a motor field can be tested by using a/an : potentiometer ohmmeter wattmeter ammeter

135) The sub-multiple prefix 'nano' (n) means : thousandth (10 to the -3rd power) millionth (10 to the -6th power) billionth (10 to the -9th power) trillionth (10 to the -12th power)

136) A switchboard, for a AC electrical distribution system, will be provided with which of the following components? Frequency meter. Ammeter

Voltmeter All of the above

137) Which of the procedures listed could result in damaging a transistor beyond repair? Applying incorrect polarity to the collector circuit. Applying excessive voltage to the input circuit. Careless soldering which would overheat the transistor. All of the above.

138) Basically, a magnetic amplifier is a saturable reactor with the addition of : AC to the bias winding variable capacitance to all windings eddy current protectors a rectifier in the load circuit

139) Which of the electrical properties listed will always be the same for each component in a parallel circuit? Impedance Current Resistance Voltage

140) Which of the listed instruments can be best used to locate a grounded field coil in a synchronous motor? Frequency meter Megohmmeter Voltmeter Multimeter 141) A capacitor discolored due to excessive heat should be :

calibrated replaced cooled soldered

142) A covalent bond: bonds atoms in pure semiconductor materials. involves the sharing of outer shell electrons. produces the equivalent of an atom with a full outer shell. all of these

143) If a silicon crystal is doped with a material having five valence electrons: an insulator is formed. its resistance goes up. a P-type semiconductor is formed. an N-type semiconductor is formed.

144) If a germanium crystal is doped with a material having three valence electrons: a conductor is formed. an insulator is formed. a P-type semiconductor is formed. an N-type semiconductor is formed.

145) In a PN-junction diode, the depletion region is formed by: applying forward bias across the diode. heating the diode to a high temperature. electrons crossing the junction and filling the holes.

current flowing from anode to cathode.

146) A PN-junction diode is said to be forward- or reverse-biased depending on: the type of dopant used. the polarity of the AC voltage applied across it. the polarity of the DC voltage applied across it. all of these

147) Excessive reverse-bias voltage may cause a silicon diode to: avalanche. reverse its polarity. turn OFF. become an insulator.

148) When checking a diode with an ohmmeter, a good diode would be indicated by: a low-resistance reading in both directions. a high-resistance reading in both directions. a zero-resistance reading in both directions.

a low-resistance reading in the one direction and a high-resistance reading in the ot

149) A diode rated for 35-V peak forward-bias voltage is used in a circuit rated for a peak forward-bias voltage of 24 V. The diode operate normally. not operate at all. operate normally but will not last as long. operate, but with different characteristics.

150) A light-emitting diode (LED) will: conduct a current in one direction only.

give off light when current flows through it. consume less energy than a filament-type light bulb. all of these 151) The laser diode has a(n) ____ which is required for lasing production. optical cavity depletion area hole current carriers electron current carriers

152) The three leads of a bipolar junction transistor are: the anode, the base, and the cathode. the emitter, the gate, and the anode. the base, the collector, and the emitter. the grid, the anode, and the cathode.

153) Field-effect transistors (FETs) operate: on the same principle as magnetic field devices. with a small input voltage and current. with a small input voltage but practically no input current. with high input current.

154) The PNP transistor is the complement of the NPN transistor. This means: that the two operate on different principles. that one can be replaced by the other in a given circuit, and it will still operate.

that the two are electrically similar except that opposite current and voltages are inv that one is designed to operate from an AC source and the other from a DC source.

155) A bipolar-junction transistor circuit is operated so that: a small change in base current controls a large change in collector current. a small change in collector current controls a large change in base current. a small change in collector current controls a large change in emitter current. a small change in emitter current controls a large change in collector current.

156) The drain current produced by a properly biased N-channel junction FET will decrease when the FET's gate is: made more negative with respect to its source. made less negative with respect to its source. shorted to its source to reduce VGS to zero. subjected to a potential, which decreases the size of the depletion region.

157) The input resistance of a junction FET will remain extremely high as long as the FET's gate-to-channel junction is: biased so that the FET is operating in the enhancement mode. biased so that the gate current flows. forward-biased. reverse-biased.

158) An insulated-gate FET will maintain a high input resistance when its gate is made: positive only. negative only. positive or negative with respect to its source. to conduct a low reverse current.

159) To protect MOSFETs against static charges: the leads are coated with a varnish insulation. the leads are shorted together until they are placed into a circuit. they are shipped in special static-protection packages.

both b and c

160) A unijunction transistor (UJT): operates similar to a bipolar transistor. operates similar to a field-effect transistor. does not amplify. none of these 161) When a UJT switches to the ON state, current is conducted between: collector and emitter. base 1 and base 2. emitter and base 1. all of these

162) The main application for SCRs and triacs is: as audio amplifiers. as oscillators. for control of current in the milliampere range. for control of power in the watt or kilowatt range.

163) A silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) is normally biased so that it can be turned ON by: momentarily increasing its forward voltage. increasing its reverse voltage. momentarily applying a gate current. momentarily decreasing its gate current.

164) When an SCR circuit is operated from an AC source: the gate can be used to switch the circuit ON and OFF at all times.

once switched ON by the gate, the circuit can not be switched OFF by the gate. the output is always DC. both a and c

165) In order for an SCR to be triggered into conduction: the anode must be positive with respect to the cathode. both the anode and the gate must be positive with respect to the cathode. the anode must be negative with respect to the cathode. the gate must be positive with respect to the cathode.

166) SCR phase-shift control circuits are used to vary the ____ between the trigger pulse and the point in the conducting cycle wh pulse occurs. power delivered time relationship different points motor speed

167) ____ of the positive half-cycle will be conducted to the load, depending on when the SCR fires. All None Part all of these

168) How is a silicon-controlled rectifier similar to a diode rectifier? Both conduct current in one direction only. Both can be classified as thyristors. Both have one PN junction. all of these

169) The main difference between the operation of an SCR and a triac is: an SCR produces less heat than a triac during normal operation. an SCR is a switching device, while a triac is an amplifying device. an SCR can be triggered into conduction in only one direction. an SCR is made of silicon but a triac is not.

170) An out-of-circuit ohmmeter check of a non-defective 24-V diac should indicate: a high resistance reading in both directions. a low resistance reading in both directions. a high resistance reading in one direction and a low resistance reading in the other. zero resistance in one direction and infinite resistance in the other.

171) Breakover voltage of a diac is: never to be exceeded. the point at which its resistance changes from high to low. the same as avalanche voltage. always less than 0.6 V.

172) The joule is the base unit of: energy work neither of the above both of the above

173) The part of the atom that has no electric charge is the: neutron nucleus

neither of the above both of the above

174) A positive charge can: attract a negatively charged object attract and then repel a neutral object neither of the above both of the above

175) The nucleus of most atoms contain: neutrons protons neither of the above both of the above

176) A negative ion has an excess of: electrons protons neither of the above both of the above

177) A proton has: a positive electric charge a negative electric charge neither of the above both of the above

178) Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom are called:

free electrons valence electrons neither of the above both of the above

179) When an electron becomes a free electron its energy level is: cut in half unchanged doubled none of the above

180) The base unit of charge is the: ampere coulomb ohm volt 181) The joule is the base unit of: energy current power resistance

182) Kilowatthour is a unit of: charge energy power time

183) A wattsecond is equal to a(n): ampere coulomb joule volt

184) The charge possessed by 6.25 x 1018 electrons equals one: ampere coulomb joule volt

185) A coulomb per second equals the base unit of: current power resistance voltage

186) Joule per coulomb is the definition of a: watt ohm coulomb volt

187) The amount of resistance is expressed in: watts ohms

coulombs volts

188) A current of 0.04 A could also be expressed as: 4 x 10-3 A 400 A 40 mA 0.4 kA

189) In addition to Ohms law, solving multiple-load circuits requires the use of: Coulombs laws Amperes laws Kirchhoffs laws none of the above

190) The formula that can be used in any type of circuit is: IT = IR1 + IR2 + IR3 + etc. RT = RR1 + RR2 + RR3 + etc. PT = PR1 + PR2 + PR3 + etc. none of the above 191) RT is always greater than R1 in: a series circuit a parallel circuit a series-parallel circuit both B and C above

192) IR1 is always less than IT in:

a series circuit a parallel circuit a series-parallel circuit both A and C above

193) A condition that is necessary for maximum power transfer is: Rsource = Rload Rsource = 10Rload 10 x Rsource = Rload 100 x Rsource = Rload

194) The smallest resistance always dissipates the most power in: a series circuit a parallel circuit a series-parallel circuit both b and c above

195) The largest resistance always drops the most voltage in: a series circuit a parallel circuit a series-parallel circuit both a and c above

196) For the circuit below, PT is equal to:

40 mW 0.04W 320 mW none of the above

197) For the circuit below: RT = 1 k PR2 = 533 mW PT = 1.6 W all of the above

198) For the circuit below: IR3 = 4 mA IR2 = 8 mA neither of the above both of the above

199) Solving simultaneous equations requires: no more than two independent equations at least three independent equations as many independent equations as there are unknown variables

one fewer independent equations than unknown variables

200) The technique that cant be used on single-source circuits is: loop equations superposition theorem Nortons theorem none of the above

201) The technique that cant be used on multiple-source circuits is: loop equations superposition theorem Thevenins theorem none of the above

202) The technique that uses only series-parallel rules and procedures is: loop equations superposition theorem Nortons theorem none of the above

203) The technique that may not determine all current and voltage values is loop equations superposition theorem Nortons theorem none of the above

204) The technique that may require the use of another technique before it can be applied is: loop equations

superposition theorem Thevenins theorem all of the above

205) The technique that requires only one calculation to determine the new load current when the load resistance is changed is: loop equations superposition theorem Nortons theorem none of the above

206) The technique that may yield a negative value of current is: loop equations superposition theorem Nortons theorem all of the above

207)

Determine the value of IR2, IR3, and VR2 in the circuit below. IR2 = 1.25 mA, IR3 = 1.75 mA, VR2 = 3 V IR2 = 2.05 mA, IR3 = 1.99 mA, VR2 = 3 V IR2 = 3.98 mA, IR3 = 2.09 mA, VR2 = 4 V IR2 = 7.90 mA, IR3 = 3.00 mA, VR2 = 5 V

208) The direction of the flux around a conductor can be determined by:

the left-hand rule and the polarity of the applied volta

the left-hand rule and the direction of the current flow either of the above neither of the above

209) The invisible lines of force around a magnet are called: magnetic flux mmf poles reluctance

210) When the currents in two parallel conductors are in the same direction: the flux produced by one conductor cancels the flux other conductor the conductors attract each other the conductors repel each other none of the above 211) The most magnetic element is: cobalt nickel silicon iron

212) Increasing the space between the turns in a coil: increases the flux at the poles decreases the flux at the poles does not change the flux at the poles none of the above

213) The flux associated with a temporary magnetic material after the material is removed from a magnetic field is called:

resident magnetism retained magnetism induced magnetism none of the above

214) The unit used to specify flux density is the: ampere-turn tesla weber none of the above

215) The unit for permeability is the: ampere-turn tesla weber none of the above

216) Magnetic shields are usually made from: nonmagnetic materials temporary magnetic materials permanent magnetic materials none of the above

217) The most common waveform for ac is the: triangle wave sawtooth wave square wave sine wave

218) One cycle of an ac waveform: has two alternations reverses polarity once neither of the above both of the above

219) The rate at which cycles are produced is called the: cycle frequency period rapidity

220) One cycle per second is equal to: a hertz a period an alternation none of the above 221) Unless otherwise specified, ac values are assumed to be: effective values average values peak values none of the above

222) One cycle spans: 90 electrical degrees 120 electrical degrees 180 electrical degrees

360 electrical degrees

223) The phase voltages in a three-phase system are separated by: 90 electrical degrees 120 electrical degrees 180 electrical degrees 360 electrical degrees

224) When the T = 2 ms, f will equal: 0.5 Hz 50 Hz 500 Hz none of the above

225) The f of an eight-pole generator rotating at 600 r/min will be: 4800 Hz 2400 Hz 80 Hz 40 Hz

226) In a wye-connected three-phase system, the relationship between the magnitudes of the phase and the line voltages is: 1.732Vline = Vphase Vline = 1.732 Vphase Vline = 1.414 Vphase Vline = 0.707 Vphase

227) The particles that can be found within an atom are: electrons and protons.

protons and neutrons. neutrons, protons, and electrons. electrons, molecules, and protons.

228) The smallest negative particle of electricity is called: an electron. a neutron. an element. a proton.

229) The weight of a proton is: much greater than that of an electron. much less than that of an electron. much less than that of a neutron. much greater than that of a neutron.

230) A negatively charged ion has: more electrons that protons. fewer electrons than protons. a complete outer electron shell. an incomplete outer electron shell. 231) The outer-shell electrons of an atom: are called valence electrons. are set free most easily. become free electrons once they are set free. all of these

232) Electrons are held in their orbital path by:

centrifugal forces counterbalancing attraction forces. centrifugal forces only. attraction forces only. unlike electrical forces.

233) A good insulator of electricity is a substance that: is used to conduct an electric current. is a metal. has 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons. is used to prevent the flow of electrons.

234) A transistor can be classified as: a conductor. an insulator. a pure semiconductor. a specially-treated semiconductor.

235) A continuity tester is basically:

a series circuit consisting of a battery, switch, and test lea

a parallel circuit consisting of a battery, light bulb, and tes

a parallel circuit consisting of a battery, switch, and test le

a series circuit consisting of a battery, light bulb, and leads.

236) A continuity tester is used to check a fuse. When the fuse is connected across the test leads, a blown fuse is indicated when: the lamp comes on with full brightness.

the lamp comes on with approximately half the normal brig the lamp does not come on at all.

either a or b

237) Static electricity is: the same as alternating current. the same as direct current. an electrical charge in motion. an electrical charge at rest.

238) When a hard rubber rod and a piece of fur are rubbed together, the fur gives up electrons to the rubber rod. As a result: the fur and rod become positively charged. the fur and rod become negatively charged. the rod becomes positively charged. the rod becomes negatively charged.

239) The law of electric charges states: like charges can neither repel nor attract. like charges repel, unlike charges attract. unlike charges can neither repel nor attract, whereas like can both repel and attract. unlike charges repel, like charges attract.

240) Current electricity: is an electric charge in motion. can be classified as being AC. can be classified as being DC. all of these

241) When a charge is transferred without direct physical contact, this is known as charging by: induction.

conduction. deduction. friction.

242) When an alternating current power source is connected to a circuit, it produces a current that:

changes in direction, but not in mag

changes in magnitude, but not in dir

does not change in magnitude or dir

changes in both direction and ma

243) Voltage is produced in a battery by means of: heat. light. a chemical reaction. a solar cell.

244) A device that produces a voltage when put under pressure is: a battery. a generator. a solar cell. a crystal.

245) Large amounts of electricity are usually produced using: a battery. a solar cell. a thermocouple. a generator.

246) In the battery, or voltaic cell, electrons are transferred from one electrode to the other. The electrode that gains electrons is: the negative terminal. the positive terminal. the electrolyte. both a and c

247) Technician A says that when taking measurements with a voltmeter and an ammeter, the meters are both connected into the cir same way. Technician B says the voltmeter is connected in series and the ammeter is connected in parallel. Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only

both Technician A and Technician B

neither Technician A nor Technic

248) The force that causes the flow of electrons through a conductor is known as: the power. the current. the voltage. the resistance

249) The unit of measurement for the difference of potential between two points is: the volt the ampere. the PD. the ohm

250) An electric toaster is rated for 220 V and 10 A. Its power rating would be: 2200 W 2200 Wh 2200 kWh

2200 J 251) Which of the following is an example of a voltage source? a battery a light bulb a switch copper wire conductors

252) In a basic electrical circuit, the part that stores electric energy or changes it into other forms is: the load. the source. the conductor(s). the switch.

253) Electrical conductors: have high resistance. use most of the energy available from the source. complete the electron path from the source to the load. all of these

254) Which of the following is an example of a load? an electrical wall outlet a hair dryer a pushbutton an extension cord

255) Which of the following is classified as a protective device? a pushbutton a fuse

a circuit breaker both b and c

256) A switch would be classified as: a control device a protective device. a load device. a voltage source.

257) A poorly made electrical connection: has a much higher-than-normal resistance.

can produce excessive heat when normal current flows throug circuit. can reduce the total energy normally available for the load. all of these

258) For practical purposes, all the circuit resistance is considered to be contained in: the load device. the conductors or wires. the control device. the protective device.

259) The purpose of the energy source is to: protect circuit wiring and equipment. start, stop, or vary the electron flow. supply the voltage required to move the free electrons all of these.

260) A fuse is used to:

protect circuit wiring and equipment. allow only currents within safe limits to flow. automatically open the circuit when a higher current flows. all of these. 261) Which of the following electrical diagrams is easiest to read? pictorial wiring perspective schematic

262) A string of lamps is connected in parallel to a voltage source. If one lamp burns out, all the other lamps: will go out. will get brighter. will not be affected. will get dimmer.

263) A string of lamps are connected in series to a voltage source. This connection would result in: two voltage paths. one voltage path one current path. two current paths.

264) An AND-type control circuit consists of switches connected in: parallel. parallel and series combination. series. series and parallel combination.

265) If a circuit is constructed to allow the electrons to follow only one possible path, the circuit is called: a series-parallel circuit. an open circuit. a series circuit a parallel circuit.

266) Two switches are connected to control a lamp. A ____ can be used to show how the switches work the lamp. truth table wiring sequence chart block diagram all of these

267) Replacing a fuse with one of a higher current rating can cause: lights in a house to flicker. a short circuit. wiring to overheat. all of these

268) One of the factors involved in an electric shock is body resistance. Which of the following statements about body resistance is no

The higher the body resistance, the greater the potential shock h

The lower the body resistance, the greater the potential shock hazard The wetter the skin, the greater the potential shock hazard.

The drier the surface that a person is standing on, the greater the bo surface electrical resistance.

269) Generally, any voltage above ____ V is considered dangerous. 9 48 110

220

270) The severity of an electric shock increases with: an increase in voltage levels. an increase in body current flow. a decrease in body resistance. all of these 271) Resistance wire is designed primarily to convert electricity energy into: sound. heat mechanical energy magnetism.

272) When a resistor has a 2-W rating, this means that it: can safely dissipate 2 W, or less, of power. always dissipates exactly 2 W of power. always provides 2 W of power. all of these

273) Which resistor would you choose if you were asked to pick a resistor to use on a printed-circuit board circuit in which a large num identical resistors were required? precision resistor resistor network wire-wound resistor trim pot

274) Which of these variable resistors would most likely be used to control current in a higher power-level circuit? rheostat

trimmer potentiometer nonlinear potentiometer linear potentiometer

275) A voltage divider is formed by connecting a 6-kresistor and a 2-k resistor in series across a 20-V source. The voltage drop across e resistor would be, respectively: 15 V and 5 V 8 V and 12 V. 6 V and 4 V. 4 V and 6 V.

276) The symbol for the prefix micro (metric measure) is: m. M mic

277) A 470,000 resistor may be designated as: 47 M 470 k 47 k 4,7 M

278) Converting 1 mA to its base unit produces: 0.1 A. 0.001 A 10,000 A

100,000 A.

279) A voltage of 0.48 V can be expressed as: 4800 mV. 480 mV. 48 mV. 4.8 mV.

280) Ohm's law states that:

current is directly proportional to the resistance and inversely pro to the voltage.

voltage is directly proportional to the current and inversely propor the resistance. current is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance

voltage is directly proportional to the resistance and inversely pro to the current.

281) Technician A says that in a electrical circuit, voltage can exist without current. Technician B says that current cannot exist withou Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only both Technician A and Technician B neither Technician A nor Technician B

282) How much current will a 0.75 car rear window defogger draw when connected to a 12 -V battery source? 9A 12 A 16 A 18 A Explicaii:

283)

The current flowing through a 72 resistor is measured and found to be 0.5 A. How much voltage is being applied across the re sistor? 90 V 9V 360 V 36 V

284) What is the resistance of a soldering iron element that conducts a current of 4 A when connected to a 120-V electric outlet? 480 ohm 360 ohm 160 ohm 30 ohm

285) If a voltage of 3 V is applied across a resistor of 9 how many watts of power does the resistor dissipate? 27 W 9W 3W 1W

286) A series circuit has: one pathway for current flow. two pathways for current flow three pathways for current flow.

as many pathways for current flow as there are loads co in series

287) In a series circuit, the amount of voltage each load receives is: the same as the applied voltage.

inversely proportional to the resistance value of the load

directly proportional to the resistance value of the lo determined by its position in the series string.

288) Three resistors (R1, R2, and R3) are connected in series to a 120-V source. The values of V1 and V3 are measured and found t and 8 V, respectively. The value of V2 would then be: 40 V 24 V 70 V 56 V

289) How much resistance R1 must be added in series with a 400 R2 to limit the current to 0.25 A with 120 V applied? 50 100 200 80

290) Resistors R1 - 8 k, R2 - 4 k, R3 - 6 k, and R4 - 2 kare connected in series to a voltage source. Which resistor will dissipate the m power? R1 R2 R3 R4

291) Three resistors with values of 1 k, 5 k, and 3 k, respectively, are connected in series with a fourth resistor of unknown value. The voltage is 120 V and the current flow is 5 mA. What is the resistance value of the unknown resistor? 15 kOhm 8 kOhm 4.5 kOhm

3.2 kOhm

292) A string of twelve holidy lamps is designed to be connected in series to a 120-V source. If one of the lamps burned out and was from the circuit, the operating voltage across each of the other eleven lamps would be: 10.9 V 20 V 32 V 48 V

293) Which resistor of a series circuit receives the largest voltage drop? the first resistor in the string the last resistor in the string the one with the least resistance the one with the most resistance

294) The polarity of the voltage drop across a resistor depends on: its resistance value. its position in the circuit. the direction of current flow through it. all of these

295) Two voltage sources are connected series-opposing. Technician A says the two voltages are added to obtain the total equivalen Technician B says the equivalent voltage is given the polarity of the greater voltage. Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only both Technician A and Technician B neither Technician A nor Technician B

296) With 24 V applied across five 6 resistors in parallel, the total current equals ____.

10 A 6A 20 A 2A

297) With two resistances connected in parallel, if each dissipates 5 W, the total power supplied by the voltage source equals: 4W 6W 8W 10 W

298) With two resistances connected in parallel: the current through each must be the same. the voltage across each must be the same.

their combined resistance equals the sum of the individual v both b and c

299) Resistors of 10 and 30 are connected in parallel to a 120 -V supply. The current flow through the 10 resistor would be: 12 A 8A 4A 3A

300) A three-branch parallel resistor circuit is connected to a 6-V source. The branch currents are 1.2 A, 800 mA, and 250 mA, respec The total current is: less than 1.2 A less than 800 mA. about 1050 mA.

about 2.25 A

301) Four resistors, 1 keach, are connected in parallel. This group is connected to a 9 -V source. The combined resistance of the group is 100 Ohm 150 Ohm 200 Ohm 250 Ohm

302) Four resistors, 1 keach, are connected in parallel. This group is connected to a 9 -V source. The current in the line leading to the grou resistors is: 12 mA 18 mA 36 mA 500 mA

303) The voltage across an open component in a parallel circuit is always equal to: the source voltage the dropped voltage. the lowest circuit voltage. zero.

304) With a short in one of the branches of a parallel circuit: the voltage source is shorted out.

the voltage source will deliver its maximum current flow

the total circuit resistance drops to near zero resistanc all of these

305) Technician A says that in a parallel circuit, a shorted resistor shorts out the entire circuit. Technician B says this can burn out the supply unless the circuit is protected by a fuse or a circuit breaker. Who is correct?

Technician A only Technician B only both Technician A and Technician B neither Technician A nor Technician B

306) Consider the circuit in Figure 1. The known voltages and currents are as indicated. Applying Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws, the v

the voltage drop across R2 would be: 60 V 50 V 20 V 40 V

307) Consider the circuit in Figure 2. The known voltages and currents are as indicated. Applying Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws, answ

following question. The value of the applied voltage source would be: 28 V 36 V 24 V 9V

308)

The value of the voltage drop across R4 Figure 2 would be: 24 V 9V 16 V

12 V

309)

The value of the current flow through R1 Figure 2 would be: 9 mA 6 mA 1.5 mA 15 mA

310)

.Answer the following question with reference to the series-parallel circuit in Figure 3. 10 Ohm 15 Ohm 22.5 Ohm

31 Ohm 311)

The total power dissipated by the circuit in Figure 3 is: 1440 W 240 W 360 mW 240 mW

312)

The total current flow of the circuit in Figure 4 is: 1.33 mA 1.5 mA 12 mA 2 mA

313)

The total current flow of the circuit in Figure 5 is: 9A 30 A 10 A 1.5 A

314)

The current flow through resistor R2 in Figure 5 is: 2A 1A 6A 8A

315)

If resistor R1 in Figure 5 becomes short-circuited, the total resistance of the circuit will: increase. decrease. be infinite. be zero.

316) Three substances that are classified as magnetic materials are: aluminum, steel, and copper. gold, silver, and nickel. steel, nickel, and cobalt. wood, paper, and glass.

317) The lodestone is a natural form of a: temporary magnet. permanent magnet soft magnet. heavy magnet.

318) Soft iron is most suitable for use in a: permanent magnet. natural magnet.

temporary magnet. magneto.

319) Artificial magnets can be produced by:

a.placing a nonmagnetic material in the core of a coil and applying an A voltage of the coil.

placing magnetic material in the core of a coil and applying a DC v the coil.

placing a magnetic material in the core of a coil and applying an AC vo the coil. placing a nonmagnetic material in the core of a coil and applying a DC the coil.

320) The magnetic force between two poles: is measured using a galvanometer. is measured using a multimeter. increases as the distance between the two poles decreases. decreases as the distance between the two poles decreases. 321) Permanent horseshoe-shaped magnets: retain their magnetism longer than the bar type. will not retain their magnetism as well as the bar type. will not provide as strong a magnetic field as a bar magnet. provide a much stronger magnetic field than a bar magnet of equal

322) A permanent ring magnet: acts like two horseshoe magnets.

acts like two horseshoe magnets placed together with opposite poles tou has no designated poles. both b and c

323) A material that acts as an insulator for magnetic flux is:

glass. aluminum. soft iron unknown today

324) Which of the following is not assumed to be a characteristic of magnetic lines of force? They travel most easily through air. They form closed loops. They repel each other. They exit at the magnet's N-pole and enter at its S-pole.

325) Which of these does not normally have a demagnetizing effect? DC applied to a coil AC applied to a coil heat mechanical vibration

326) A DC current flow through a conductor will produce: a magnetic field that acts in a clockwise direction. a magnetic field that acts in a counter-clockwise direction. a magnetic field that varies in direction. either a or b

327) The left-hand conductor rule is used for a current-carrying conductor to determine the:

a direction of the lines of force around the current-carrying conduct south pole of the magnet by the direction of the thumb. flux density of a magnetic field. direction of rotation of the poles.

328) Lines of force of two parallel conductors with current flows in opposite directions will: oppose each other to produce a weaker field. aid each other to produce a stronger field. tend to move together. both a and c

329) If the electromagnet is operated with direct current, the polarity of its magnetic poles: remains fixed. constantly reverses. is not affected by the polarity of the DC voltage source. both b and c

330) The advantage of a toroidal core over a straight core is that the toroid is: self-shielding. cheaper to operate. more compact. easier to mount.

331) If other factors remain constant, which of the following combinations of electric current and the number of turns in the coil produc strongest electromagnet? 500 turns and 2 A 700 turns and 2 A 300 turns and 4 A 100 turns and 10 A

332) The magnetic circuit consists of: electrons traveling from the negative to the positive terminal.

molecular magnets traveling from the north pole to the south po

electrons spinning in the same direction. lines of force travelling from the N pole to the S pole.

333) Consider the following changes made to an electromagnet: (i) increasing the number of turns in the coil; (ii) using a copper core an iron core; (iii) decreasing the current flow in the coil. The strength of the electromagnet is increased by: (i) only. (ii) only. (iii) only. (i) and (ii) only.

334) A solenoid can be classified as an electromagnet with: an air core. a copper core. moveable brass core. a moveable iron core.

335) Solenoids can be used to operate: valves. latches. switches. all of these

336) Generating stations are classified according to: the type of voltage generated. their location. the method used to drive their generators. high voltage or low voltage.

337) The cheapest and most environmentally-safe type of generating station is:

a hydroelectric generating station. a nuclear power generating station. a coal power generating station. a natural gas power generating station.

338) Which of the following converts the sun's energy directly into electrical energy? steam turbine water turbine wind turbine silicon wafer

339) Transmitting electrical energy from the generating station to the consumer usually takes place at: very high AC-voltage levels. very high DC-voltage levels. very low AC-voltage levels. very low DC-voltage levels.

340) Electrical transmission power-line losses are kept to a minimum by: using large-diameter conductors. using a high voltage and a low current. using a low voltage and a high current. both a and c 341) The unit used to measure electric power is: the volt. the ampere. the watt. the watthour.

342) When a 12-V battery delivers 18.0 A of current the power supplied is: 180 kW. 180 W 1.25 W. 216 W.

343) What is the power rating of an electric dryer element which has a resistance of 7.2 Ohm and is rated for 240 V? 1728 W 33.3 kW 7200 kW 17.28 kW

344) A wattmeter is connected: in series with the load. in parallel with the load. with the ammeter section in parallel and the voltmeter section in series with the l

with the ammeter section in series and the voltmeter section in parallel wit load.

345) A wattmeter is connected into a circuit and the pointer moves in the reverse direction. The problem can be corrected by: reversing the two voltmeter leads. reversing the two ammeter leads. reversing both the voltmeter and ammeter leads. either a or b

346) Technician A says electric energy is measured in joules. Technician B says it is measured in kilowatthours. Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only both Technician A and Technician B

neither Technician A nor Technician B

347) An electric lamp transforms electric energy into: chemical energy. light energy. heat energy. both b and c

348) How much energy is consumed when a 2000-W electric device is left on for 1 h? 2 kJ 2000 kJ 2000 kWh 2 kWh

349) The amount of electric energy used for electric appliances depends on: the physical size of the appliance. the length of time the appliance is used. the amount of electric power required to make the appliance operate. both b and c

350) Which of the following electric devices has, on an average, the highest annual energy consumption? a range a clothes dryer a dishwasher an air conditioner

351) Alternating current is current that: operates from a voltage source that has a fixed polarity.

operates from a voltage source that has a constantly reversing polarity. flows from negative to positive. flows from positive to negative.

352) Generating a voltage by rotating a coil at a constant rate through a magnetic field results in a voltage that: varies in magnitude. varies in polarity. varies in frequency. both a and b

353) The standard frequency of the AC voltage available from the electric outlet in your home is: 220 V 50 V 50 Hz 220 Hz

354) If a sine wave has a peak-to-peak voltage value of 60 V, what is the rms value? 0V 21.2 V 37 V 74 V

355) If a sine wave has a peak value of 220 V, what is the rms value? 672 V 311 V 155 V 77 V

356) For any given generator the output voltage varies: directly with its speed and the strength of the magnetic field. inversely with its speed and the strength of the magnetic field. directly with its speed and inversely with the strength of the magnetic field. directly with the strength of the magnetic field and inversely with its speed.

357) In an automobile alternator the three-phase AC stator voltage is converted to DC using: slip rings. diodes a commutator. a regulator.

358) The value of inductance is expressed in ohms. True False

359) In AC circuits the ohmic value of resistive elements depends on the frequency of the AC. True False

360) A resistance of 6in series with 14of reactance results in an impedance of 20. True False 361) The capacitive voltage can be higher than the source voltage is a series RLC circuit. True False

362) The cut-off frequency determines if the filter is a low-pass or high-pass filter. True

False

363) The total opposition to current flow in an AC circuit is called : Capacitance Resistance Impedance Resonance

364) The true power in a resistance is measured in : Ohms Watts Volts Amperes

365) In a series resonant band-pass filter where: fr = 100 Hz, f1 = 95 Hz, f2 = 105 Hz, the bandwidth is _____. 10 Hz 10 kHz 200 Hz 20 Hz

366) A series RLC circuit is _____ when XL is greater than XC. resonant capacitive inductive none of the above

367) When a Norton equivalent circuit is converted to Thevenin equivalent circuit RTH will be equal to RN. True

False

368) A Thevenin equivalent circuit represents an ideal (constant) voltage source. True False

369) When VRL for many values of VL must be determined, a circuit should be thevenized. True False

370) Current is independent of load resistance for a current source. True False 371) Norton's theorem reduces a resistive network to an ideal current source and a parallel resistance. True False

372) If two currents are in opposing directions through a branch of a circuit, the direction of the net current will be the same as that of smaller current. True False

373)

What is the Norton resistance as viewed by RL for the circuit below? 3 Ohm 6A

0.5 A 5V

374)

Find the Thevenin resistance, as viewed by RL, for the circuit drawn below. 30 Ohm 30 V 25 Ohm 25 V

375)

Find the Thevenin voltage, as viewed by RL, for the circuit drawn below. 30 Ohm 30 V 25 Ohm 25 V

376)

What is the Norton current as viewed by RL for the circuit below? 3 Ohm 6A 0.5 A 5V

377) A trilight or dual filament lamp is rated for 40-60-100 W. This bulb would contain: one 40-W and one 60-W filament. one 100-W and one 50-W filament. two 50-W filaments. two 75-W filaments.

378) The best way to test an incandescent lamp filament is: to shake it. to check it for continuity with an ohmmeter. to check it for voltage with a voltmeter. to visually inspect it.

379) The resistance of a 200-W, 120-V incandescent lamp would be: higher than that of a 40-W, 120-V incandescent lamp. lower than that of a 40-W, 120-V incandescent lamp. the same as that of a 40-W, 120-V incandescent lamp. 30 Q.

380) Recessed ceiling fixtures require special installation safety procedures because:

they operate at higher current values. they operate at higher voltage values. they have very poor ventilation. they can become grounded very easily.

381) Which of the following is not an advantage of fluorescent lamps over the incandesce lower initial cost produce less heat during normal operation produce more light per watt of power consumed will last longer

382) The fluorescent bulb produces light by: heating a filament to a white-heat temperature. means of a chemical reaction within the tube. means of an electron arc established between two cathodes. means of magnet induction between two electrodes.

383) The instant-start fluorescent tube: has a single-pin connection at each end. requires a very high starting voltage. requires a bulkier and more expensive type of ballast. all of these

384) A cycling ballast that turns power OFF and ON is most likely caused by: an overheated ballast. the fixture not being adequately grounded. the tube pins making power contact. the line voltage being too low.

385) Which of the following is not an advantage of high-intensity discharge lamps? They operate at low current. They have a very long life expectancy. They have a high light efficiency. They have a high watt output from a single fixture.

386) High-intensity discharge lamps: operate without the use of a ballast. operate ON and OFF very quickly. operate at low brightness when first turned on. both a and c

387) In an ideal inductor: current lags the voltage by 90?. current leads the voltage by 90?. current lags the voltage by 180?. current leads the voltage by 180?.

388) Energy is stored in a capacitor by means of: its electrolytic field. its force field. its magnetic field. its electrostatic field.

389) As applied to a capacitor, the word dielectric refers to: the conducting material of the capacitor. the metal used as the plate.

the insulating material separating the plates. the capacitance of the capacitor.

390) Polarized fixed capacitors must be connected: in series only. in parallel only.

with the positive lead of the capacitor connected to the positive lead of the circ with the negative lead of the capacitor connected to the positive lead of the circuit.

391) Which indication on an ohmmeter should you most likely expect when testing a good capacitor? no pointer deflection at all momentary upscale pointer deflection full-scale deflection of pointer midscale indication

392) Approximately what percentage of the applied voltage does the capacitor charge to at the end of the first time constant? 70 percent 63 percent 33 percent 15 percent

393) A 50- F capacitor is connected to a 120-V, 60-Hz source. The capacitive reactance of this capacitor would be approximately ___ 2650 265 53 2.65

394) In general, impedance has an effect on an AC circuit similar to:

frequency. voltage. current. resistance.

395) Impedance may be defined as: the total opposition to current flow in an AC circuit. the total opposition to current flow in a DC circuit. the total opposition offered by a capacitor to alternating current flow. the total opposition offered by an inductor to alternating current flow.

396) Lagging power factor is often produced by: fluorescent lamp ballasts. induction motor windings. solenoid coils in relays. all of these

397) A transformer is a device used to: rectify voltages from AC to DC. transfer electric energy by mutual induction. convert mechanical energy into electric energy. all of these

398) An iron core is used in a transformer to: reduce hysteresis loss. eliminate eddy current losses. ensure good magnetic linkage between windings. reduce the counter-emf.

399) A step-down transformer is used to change: high power to low power. alternating current to direct current. high voltage to low voltage. high current to low current.

400) The transformer used with a certain model car set has 240 turns in its primary coil and 24 turns in its secondary coil. If the transf connected to a 120-V wall receptacle the secondary voltage output would be approximately: 6-V AC. 12-V AC. 18-V AC. 24-V AC. 401) Most transformers operate to transfer energy at an efficiency of about: 25 percent. 75 percent. 80 percent. 95 percent.

402) A certain transformer has a turns ratio of 1:1. The transformer is used for: impedance matching. changing frequency. isolation. stepping-up voltage.

403) Power transformers are designed to operate: from 60-Hz line frequency. in the audio frequency range.

in the radio frequency range. all of these

404) Which of these would most likely be used to match a 4- speaker to a 400-- amplifier output? audio impedance-matching resistor IF transformer current transformer auto transformer

405) A transformer coil can be checked with an ohmmeter for: continuity. eddy currents. overloads. overheating.

406) The rated input and output voltages of a transformer are checked with a voltmeter. Technician A says a normal primary voltage r and no secondary voltage reading is an indication of an open secondary coil. Technician B says it is normal for the transformer output be higher than specified if no load is connected to the output. Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only both Technician A and Technician B neither Technician A nor Technician B

407) The purpose of a power supply is: to amplify weak signals. to rectify weak signals.

to convert the electrical input voltage to the proper type and value ne operate circuits. all of these

408) In a power-supply circuit the transformer can be used to:

step up voltages. electrically isolate circuits. supply a variable AC voltage. all of these

409) A step-down transformer will have: more turns on the secondary than on the primary. a higher primary than secondary voltage. a higher primary than secondary current. all of these

410) A step-up transformer will have: less turns on the primary than on the secondary. a higher secondary than primary voltage. a lower secondary than primary current. all of these 411) A standard transformer can safely isolate a 120-V primary circuit from a 10-V secondary circuit because: the primary and secondary coils are connected in parallel with each other. no physical electrical connection exists between the primary and secondary coils. the primary and secondary coils are connected in series with each other. the primary and secondary coils are connected so as to lower the input voltage.

412) What is the output ripple frequency of a bridge rectifier? one-half the input frequency twice the input frequency the same as the input frequency one-fourth the input frequency.

413) The approximate DC voltage output of a full-wave rectifier is equal to: the rms value of the peak output value. the peak value of the output voltage. 0.318 of the peak output voltage. 0.637 of the peak output voltage.

414) Which of the following components is commonly used as a filter device? a transformer a resistor a capacitor a diode

415) Increasing the capacitance of the filter capacitor will have what effect on the ripple amplitude? ripple will increase ripple will remain the same ripple will double ripple will decrease

416) The voltage regulation of a power supply refers to: the rules applied when wiring it. the specifications of the components used in wiring it. the ability of a power supply to maintain a constant output voltage. the ability of a power supply to withstand overloads.

417) Voltage and current are in phase when the load contains: nothing but reactance nothing but resistance neither of the above

both of the above

418) Current and voltage will be 90 degrees out of phase when the load contains: nothing but reactance nothing but resistance neither of the above both of the above

419) The magnitude and direction of an electrical quantity can be shown with: a victor a pure number neither of the above both of the above

420) Power is used by the resistive part of a load reactive part of the load all parts of the load none of the above 421) The unit for apparent power is the: apparent watt apparent joule apparent dissipation voltampere

422) Current will lead voltage by 90 degrees when the load is: pure capacitance pure inductance

both inductance and resistance none of the above

423) The numerical value of the cos O when the load contains only resistance is: zero 0.707 one infinite

424) When the PF = 90%, the cos O is: one 0.988 0.900 unknown

425) When P = 500 W, I = 6 A, and V = 120 V, the PF will be: greater than 1.0 negative unknown 0.69

426) When I = 4 A, P =300 W, and V= 240 V, angle theta will be: 71.8grd 77.0grd 0.77grd 3.2grd

427) A capacitor consists of two conductive plates separated by a(n):

dielectric insulator neither of the above both of the above

428) The base unit of capacitance is the: farad tesla ohm none of the above

429) Most electrolytic capacitors are: ac capacitors very high Q capacitors polarized capacitors none of the above

430) The relative energy loss of a capacitor is specified by its: quality rating power factor rating dissipation factor rating any of the above 431) In one time constant, a capacitor charges to: the source voltage 63.2 % of the source voltage 63.2 % of the available voltage none of the above

432) In the circuit below, VC2 will be:

20 V 25 V 80 V none of the above

433) CT for the circuit in question 6 will be: 5 uF 1.25 uF 0.8 uF none of the above

434) The reactance of a 0.022-uF capacitor at 500 Hz will be: 69 Ohm 14.5 mOhm 1450 Ohm none of the above

435) For the circuit below, XCT will be:

1592 Ohm 796 Ohm 318 Ohm 531 Ohm

436) The energy stored in a 2000-uF capacitor when the capacitor is charged to 150 V is: 22.5 kJ 22.5 J 45 J 0.24 J

437) Inductance opposes any change in: reluctance charge current voltage

438) According to Lenz?s law, the polarity of a cemf is such that the cemf always: opposes the force that created it opposes the source voltage aids the source voltage none of the above

439) The base unit of inductance is the: henry tesla weber none of the above

440) The dc resistance of an inductor is also known as its: quality factor ESR ohmic resistance none of the above 441) Arcing in switch contacts that control an inductive circuit: only occurs when the contacts open is caused by an inductive kick both of the above none of the above

442) The resistance of a conductor increases as frequency increases because of the: heating effect skin effect magnetizing effect none of the above

443) The induced voltage in an inductor is called its: cemf bemf both of the above

neither of the above

444) The reactance of a 0.1-mH inductor at 2.1 MHz is: 2638 Ohm 758 Ohm 1.3 Ohm none of the above

445) If the effective resistance is 20 Ohm, the Q of a 2.5-mH inductor at 30 kHz is: 9.4 23.6 9420 none of the above

446) IT for the circuit below is:

398 mA 265 mA 159 mA 6.4 mA

447) The primary coil of a transformer: must have fewer turns than the secondary coil must have more turns than the secondary coil

must have the same number of turns as the secondary coil none of the above

448) Copper loss in a transformer is also called: V^2/R loss I^2R loss IV loss none of the above

449) The portion of the primary flux that links with the secondary coil is specified by the: permeability factor cutting factor coefficient of coupling none of the above

450) An isolation transformer: isolates its load from the power distribution system has equal primary and secondary voltages is a type of power transformer all of the above

451) The currents induced in the core of a transformer are called: eddy currents hysteresis currents secondary currents none of the above

452) Hysteresis loss in a transformer is caused by:

magnetic reluctance low permeability residual magnetism magnetic saturation

453) When a transformer has 100% coupling: the turns ratio is equal to the voltage ratio impedance matching occurs it is 100% efficient it has an air core

454) One disadvantage of the autotransformer is: it can only step up the voltage it can only step down the voltage it does not provide electrical isolation none of the above

455) A transformer can not be overloaded: without exceeding its power rating while using a low PF load unless the VA rating of one or more windings is exceeded unless the sum of all winding currents exceeds the total current rating

456) A 4-Ohm resistive load connected to a source by a transformer with a 9:1 turns ratio will appear to the source as a: 324-Ohm resistive load 324-Ohm inductive load 36-Ohm resistive load 36-Ohm inductive load

457) In a parallel RC circuit where R exceeds XC: IT will lag VT Phi will be < 45grd PC will be > PR none of the above

458) In a parallel RC circuit where XC exceeds R: IT will lead VT Phi will be > 45grd PC will be > PR none of the above

459) In a series RC circuit where R exceeds XC: IT will lag VT Phi will be < 45grd PC will be > PR none of the above

460) In a parallel RL circuit where R exceeds XL: IT will lag VT Phi will be < 45grd PL will be > PR none of the above 461) In a series RL circuit where XL exceeds R: IT will lead VT Phi will be < 45grd PL will be > PR

none of the above

462) In a parallel RCL circuit where XL = 250 , XC = 400 , and R =300 : IT will lead VT Phi will be > 45grd PT will = PR all of the above

463) In a series RCL circuit: both the inductive and the capacitive voltages can exceed the source voltage the true power can equal the apparent power angle theta can be zero all of the above

464) What is the bandwidth of a circuit that is resonant at 470 kHz and has a Q of 90? 1.338 Hz 5.2 kHz 90 kHz 470 kHz

465) Determine Z and Phi for the circuit below.

924.6 , 59.4 grd 1.50 k , 89.0 grd

2.52 k , 39.8 grd 22.0 k , 19.9 grd

466) Determine the resonant frequency of a 270-uH inductor and a 220-pF capacitor. 17.0 kHz 540 kHz 599 kHz 653 kHz

467) Motors are not available in this size: fhp ihp mihp sfhp

468) Motors are usually not rated for: power factor duty cycle service factor temperature

469) Voltage-rating tolerance for motors is typically: +/- 1% +/- 5% +/- 10% +/-15%

470) For motor-design, ambient temperature is usually considered to be:

23grdC 30grdC 40grdC 50grdC 471) With the highest class of insulation, a motor can operate at a temperature of: 105grdC 130grdC 155grdC 180grdC

472) Which of these motors is synchronous? permanent-capacitor reluctance shaded-pole split-phase

473) Which of these motors has the least starting torque? capacitor-starting permanent-capacitor shaded-pole split-phase

474) Which of these motors has the most starting torque? capacitor-starting permanent-capacitor shaded-pole split-phase

475) Determine the power for a dc motor that develops 3 lb-ft of torque at 2500 r/min. 0.941 hp 1.43 hp 2.22 hp 2.81 hp

476) What is the synchronous speed of an eight-pole, 240-V, 50-Hz motor? 750 r/min 1250 r/min 1600 r/min 3600 r/min

477) The meter movement most often used in analog multimeters is the: d'Arsonval movement electrodynamometer movement iron-vane movement thermocouple movement

478) The meter movement used in the analog wattmeters is the: d'Arsonval movement electrodynamometer movement iron-vane movement thermocouple movement

479) A rectifier can convert: alternating current to pure direct current direct current to alternating current alternating current to pulsating direct current

all of the above

480) The range of an analog ammeter is determined by: the value of the multiplier resistor the value of the shunt resistor neither of the above both of the above 481) The range of an analog voltmeter is determined by: the value of the multiplier resistor the value of the shunt resistor neither of the above both of the above

482) The sensitivity of a VOM is specified by its: lowest current range highest voltage range Ohm/V rating A/Ohm rating

483) Testing for minute leakage current in motors, transformers, etc. is done with: an insulation tester a high-voltage tester a high-resistance tester none of the above

484) Digital meters measure inductance by measuring: the inductor's cemf the RL time constant

the rate of the current rise in the inductor the mmf produced by the inductor

485) Digital meters measure capacitance by measuring: the RC time constant the charge required to charge the capacitor the time required to charge the capacitor the energy required to charge the capacitor

486) Digital meters measure frequency by: measuring the slope of the rising waveform measuring the slope of the falling waveform measuring the period of the waveform counting the cycles per unit of time

487) Analog meters: make use of a digital display. use a mechanical type of meter movement. usually cost more than the digital type. give a more accurate reading than the digital type.

488) The multimeter: can measure voltage, current, or resistance. is the most widely used of all test instruments is a combination ammeter, voltmeter, and ohmmeter in one single, cased instrument. all of these.

489) A reading of 4.7 kon the display of a digital multimeter indicates a resistance reading of:

47000 4700 470 47

490) A DC analog voltmeter can be used to measure an AC voltage if: the incoming AC voltage is rectified. the incoming AC voltage is amplified. an additional multiplier resistor is connected to the circuit. an additional shunt resistor is connected to the circuit.

491) An analog multimeter is connected to measure a DC voltage, and the needle reads below zero. The most likely cause is: loss of potential. an incorrect meter setting. a damaged needle. reversed polarity.

492) A milliammeter is designed measure: higher values of current than an ammeter does. lower values of current than an ammeter does. DC current only. AC current only.

493) To zero set an analog-type ohmmeter, adjust the zero-set knob for a pointer reading of: infinity with the meter-test leads open. infinity with the meter-test leads connected together zero with the meter-test leads connected together. zero with the meter-test leads open.

494) When using the ohmmeter as a continuity tester, an open circuit is indicated by: a low-resistance reading. a high-resistance reading. an infinite-resistance reading. a zero-resistance reading.

495) Technician A says analog meters are more accurate than digital meters. Technician B says digital meters that use a light-emittin (LED) display have a longer battery life than those that use a liquid-crystal display (LCD). Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only both Technician A and Technician B neither Technician A nor Technician B

496) Auto ranging is a feature of a multimeter that: automatically indicates the polarity of DC measurements automatically adjusts the meter's measuring circuits to the correct range. captures a reading and displays it from memory. responds to the effective heating valve of an AC waveform.

497) When using the oscilloscope you should avoid: operating it for long periods of time. turning it ON and OFF frequently. operating it with a high-intensity spot displayed. operating it with high-frequency signal circuits.

498) The waveform displayed on the screen of the oscilloscope represents a plot of: voltage versus time. voltage versus current.

current versus time. current versus resistance.

499) The AC/DC switch of an oscilloscope: selects the AC signal input. change AC-to-DC. selects the DC signal. selects how the input signal is coupled to the oscilloscope.

500) A signal displayed on the calibrated time base of the oscilloscope covers 1 cycle in 10 DIV with the TIME/DIV control set at 20 m waveform frequency is: 20 Hz. 15 Hz. 12 Hz. 5 Hz.

501) Technician A says when connecting the test probe of a scope to a grounded circuit, the grounded conductor of the probe is conn the grounded side of the circuit. Technician B says the scope should never be used to test a grounded circuit. Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only both Technician A and Technician B neither Technician A nor Technician B

502) A dual-trace oscilloscope: has one set of controls to control two different traces. has two sets of controls to control one trace. can only be operated with two different signals applied to it. has two sets of controls to control two different traces.

503) A digital storage scope allows you to:

display a signal. store a signal. analyze a signal. all of these

504) The control of a signal generator used to adjust the voltage value of the output signal is: the vernier control. the amplitude control. the function selector. the frequency selector.

505) Technician A says that a function generator can do all of the things an audio generator can do. Technician B says the function g more compatible with solid-state electronic circuitry than the audio generator. Who is correct? Technician A only Technician B only both Technician A and Technician B neither Technician A nor Technician B

506) A DC power supply has a rated output of 3 W at 9 V. The maximum current rating of this power supply would be approximately: 1.8 A. 45 A. 250 mA. 333 mA.

507) Clasificarea sistemelor automate dupa structura lor sisteme automat conventionale; sisteme adaptive; sisteme deschise; sisteme inchise; sisteme monovariabile; sisteme multivariabile

sisteme automate continue; sisteme numerice;

508) Clasificarea sistemelor automate dupa cantitatea de informatie apriori disponibila : sisteme automat conventionale; sisteme adaptive; sisteme deschise; sisteme inchise; sisteme monovariabile; sisteme multivariabile sisteme automate continue; sisteme numerice;

509) Clasificarea sistemelor automate dupa numarul de variabile de intrare si de iesire : sisteme automat conventionale; sisteme adaptive; sisteme deschise; sisteme inchise; sisteme monovariabile; sisteme multivariabile sisteme automate continue; sisteme numerice;

510) Clasificarea sistemelor automate dupa natura semnalelor prelucrate de sistemul automat : sisteme automat conventionale; sisteme adaptive; sisteme deschise; sisteme inchise; sisteme monovariabile; sisteme multivariabile sisteme automate continue; sisteme numerice; 511) Teoria sistemelor automate se ocupa cu : analiza functionala a sistemelor automate corectia functionala si structurale a sistemelor automate sinteza proiectarii sistemelor automate a,b si c

512) Functia de transfer pentru un element proportional

nici-o varianta

513) Functia de transfer pentru un element de ordinul I

nici-o varianta

514) Functia de transfer pentru un element de ordinul II

nici-o varianta

515) Functia de transfer pentru un element de ordinul III

nici-o varianta

516) Timpul de raspuns al unui sistem este : timpul dintre momentul pornirii procesului pana cand marimea de iesire prezinta un maxim in evolutia ei timpul dintre momentul pornirii procesului pana cand marimea de iesire prezinta un minim in evolutia ei

timpul dupa care valoarea absoluta a diferentei dintre marimea de iesire si valoarea ei de regim statio devine mai mica si se mentine sub o anumita limita timpul dintre momentul pornirii procesului pana cand acesta ia sfarsit

517) Circuitul din figura58 realizeaza functia

Figura 58

AB+CD AC+BD

518) Figura52 prezinta simbolul unui

Figura 52 AND (SI) NAND (SI negat) EOR (SAU exclusiv) ENOR (SAU exclusiv negat)

519) Figura53 prezinta simbolul unui

Figura 53 AND (SI) NAND (SI negat)

EOR (SAU exclusiv) ENOR (SAU exclusiv negat)

520) Figura54 prezinta simbolul unui

Figura 54 AND (SI) NAND (SI negat) EOR (SAU exclusiv) ENOR (SAU exclusiv negat) 521) Figura55 prezinta simbolul unui

Figura 55 AND (SI) NAND (SI negat) EOR (SAU exclusiv) ENOR (SAU exclusiv negat)

522) Figura56 prezinta simbolul unui

Figura 56 AND (SI) NAND (SI negat) OR (SAU) NOR (SAU negat)

523) Figura57 prezinta simbolul unui

Figura 57 AND (SI)

NAND (SI negat) OR (SAU) NOR (SAU negat)

524) O memorie RAM este o memorie cu access de _________: citire scriere citire si scriere initializare

525) O memorie ROM este o memorie _________ volatila nevolativa distructiva

526) Procesoarele sunt automate de ordinul ____ I II III sau mai mare nu sunt automate

527) Arhitectura minimala a unui calculator este formata din : procesor, memorie (RAM, ROM), bus de semnale, porturi de I/O procesor, tastatura, monitor monitor, tastatura placa de baza, procesor, hard-disk, floppy

528) Porturile de I/O sunt cuplate la procesor prin intermediul _______

firelor panglici de semnale bus-ului procesor de date, adrese si semnale de comanda si contro

529) Procesorul este format din : o unitate aritmetica RALU o unitate de comenzi un calculator a si b

530) Microprocesorul Intel PIV este realizat in tehnologie LSI MSI VLSI 531) Indicatorul Z (zero -Flag) al RALU indica Registrul acumulator este 0 In urma unei operatii aritmetica sau logice rezultatul a fost nul RALU a generat o eroare Lipsa tensiune la RALU

532) Indicatorul CY (Carry -Flag) al RALU indica

A aparut un transport de iesire din cel mai semnificativ bit al rezultatului in urma unei operatii aritmetice(log Operatie cu operanzi invalizai in RALU Valoare din registrul acumulator este negativa Nu exista un astfel de fanion

533) Indicatorul S (S - Sign) al RALU Bitul cel mai semnificativ al rezultatului ia valoarea 1 in urma unei operatii aritmetice sau logice

Bitul cel mai semnificativ al acumulatorului este 1, in urma unei operatii de transfer Acumulatorul contine unnumar negativ In urma unei operatii aritmetice intre numere cu semn, rezultatul este negativ

534) Indicatorul H (H- Half carry) al RALU Nu exista un astfel de fanion S-a realizat un transfer de la bitul 4 la bitul 5 in urma operatiei de scadere S-a realizat un transfer de la bitul 7 la bitul 8 in urma operatiei de adunare In urma unei operati logice nu a avut loc nici-un transfer

535) Dimensiunea acumulatorului dintr-un microprocesor de 8 biti 1 Byte 16 biti 1 bit 2 Bytes

536) Cati biti are un Byte 8 biti 7 biti 4 biti 32 biti

537) Cea mai mica unitatea informationala de transport Byte Word bit mol

538) Unitatea de decodofocare a instructiunilor este ______ . un circuit logic combinational (CLC) un buffer o memorie un automat programabil

539) Contorul de adrese de program este numit ____ : Nu exista un astfel de registru Registru de deplasare PAC (Programm addressing Counter) PC ( program counter) register

540) Procesorul acceseza programul executat curent din _______ dispozitivul de lucru cu operatorul unitatea floppy segmentul de memorie alocat programului ce se afla in executie de la tastatura 541) Tastatura este ________ un dispozitiv absolut necesar pentru functionarea calculatorului un set de butoane conectate la microprocero prin intermediul unui cablu un periferic de interfata a calculatorului cu operatorul uman

542) Denumirea primului ciclu masina: DOWNLOAD RETRIVE DATA FETCH LOAD

543) Se aplica un semnal sinusoidal la intrarea unui amplificator functionand in clasa A. Unghiul de conductie al elementului amplifica 360grd; cuprins intre 180 grd si 360grd; 180grd mai mic de 180grd;

544) Se aplica un semnal sinusoidal la intrarea unui amplificator functionand in clasa AB. Unghiul de conductie al elementului amplific 360grd; cuprins intre 180 grd si 360grd; 180grd mai mic de 180grd;

545) Se aplica un semnal sinusoidal la intrarea unui amplificator functionand in clasa B. Unghiul de conductie al elementului amplifica 360grd; cuprins intre 180 grd si 360grd; 180grd mai mic de 180grd;

546) Se aplica un semnal sinusoidal la intrarea unui amplificator functionand in clasa C. Unghiul de conductie al elementului amplifica 360grd; cuprins intre 180 grd si 360grd; 180grd mai mic de 180grd;

547) Figura27 prezinta:

Figura 27
schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie serie paralel schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie serie serie schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie paralel paralel schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie paralel serie

548) Figura28 prezinta:

Figura 28
schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie serie paralel schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie serie serie schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie paralel paralel schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie paralel serie

549) Figura29 prezinta:

Figura 29
schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie serie paralel schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie serie serie schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie paralel paralel schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie paralel serie

550) Figura30 prezinta:

Figura 30

schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie serie paralel schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie serie serie

schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie paralel paralel schema bloc a unui amplificator cu reactie paralel serie 551) In mod uzual amplificatorul electronic este definit cu ajutorul schemei bloc din figura 40. Marimea ?xi? reprezinta

Figura 40
valoarea instantanee a semnalului de intrare sau excitatie valoarea instantanee a semnalului de iesire sau raspuns amplificarea amplificatorului impedanta de intrare

552) Marimea ?xo? din figura 40 reprezinta

Figura 40
valoarea instantanee a semnalului de intrare sau excitatie valoarea instantanee a semnalului de iesire sau raspuns amplificarea amplificatorului impedanta de intrare

553) Marimea ?a? din figura 40 reprezinta

Figura 40
valoarea instantanee a semnalului de intrare sau excitatie valoarea instantanee a semnalului de iesire sau raspuns amplificarea amplificatorului impedanta de intrare

554) in practica, sunt tranzistoarele din amplificatoarele in contratimp clasa B au jonctiunea baza - emitor prepolarizata direct astfel ca prin fiecare tranzistor sa circule un mic curent de repaus. Despre aceste amplificatoare se spune ca lucreaza in clasa AB. Prin aceasta se urmareste: marirea randamentului; marirea amplificarii in putere marirea benzii de trecere reducerea distorsiunii de trecere

555) Variatoarele de tensiune continue sunt de obicei utilizate pentru: alimentarea motoarelor asincrone reglarea turatiilor masinilor electrice de curent continuu alimentarea generatoarelor sincrone reglarea turatiei motoarelor sincrone

556) Ce particularitate au invertoarele de comutatie fortata fara de cele cu comutatie naturala? se alimenteaza direct de la retea au sarcina rezistiva au circuite auxiliare pentru blocarea dispozitivelor semi-conductoare se alimenteaza prin intermediul unui transformator coborator de tensiune

557) Ce rol are condensatorul din schema invertorului Wagner? filtru de a reduce armonicile de curent de a mari tensiunea de a furniza energia reactiva necesara comutatiei

558) Ce caracteristica principala au invertoarele autonome de tensiune trifazate? pot avea numai sarcina rezistiva pot fi alimentate numai de la un transformator sunt necomandate blocarea tiristorului principal se realizeaza prin amorsarea unui alt tiristor principal

559) Variatorul de tensiune continua pentru patru cadrane, permite functionarea motorului de curent continuu astfel in regim de motor, generator, in ambele sensuri de rotatie in regim de motor in regim de generator in regim de frana

560) Un amplificator operational lucrand in bucla inchisa (cu reactie negativa) are amplificarea in tensiune intotdeauna: unitara subununitara determinata de reteaua de reactie foarte mare 561) Figura22 prezinta configuratia standard de stabilizator serie cu reactie. Blocul notat AE amplificatorul de eroare - are rolul:

Figura 22 Configuraie standard de stabilizator pentru tensiuni mari


de a asigura reactia negativa

de a compara compara nivelul de tensiune cules de reteaua de reactie cu nivelul de tensiune al sursei de referinta s genera un semnal proportional cu diferenta dintre ele (amplifica semnalul de eroare). unei rezistente variabile, astfel incat tensiunea pe sarcina sa fie mentinuta constanta de a asigura un nivel constant al tensiunii pe care o genereaza

562) Figura22 prezinta configuratia standard de stabilizator serie cu reactie. Blocul notat UREF tensiunea de referinta- are rolul

Figura 22 Configuraie standard de stabilizator pentru tensiuni mari


de a asigura reactia negativa

de a compara compara nivelul de tensiune cules de reteaua de reactie cu nivelul de tensiune al sursei de referinta si a gener semnal proportional cu diferenta dintre ele (amplifica semnalul de eroare). unei rezistente variabile, astfel incat tensiunea pe sarcina sa fie mentinuta constanta de a asigura un nivel constant al tensiunii pe care o genereaza

563) Figura22 prezinta configuratia standard de stabilizator serie cu reactie. Rezistorii R1 si R2 au rolul

Figura 22 Configuraie standard de stabilizator pentru tensiuni mari


de a asigura reactia negativa

de a compara compara nivelul de tensiune cules de reteaua de reactie cu nivelul de tensiune al sursei de referinta si a gener semnal proportional cu diferenta dintre ele (amplifica semnalul de eroare). unei rezistente variabile, astfel incat tensiunea pe sarcina sa fie mentinuta constanta de a asigura un nivel constant al tensiunii pe care o genereaza

564) Figura22 prezinta configuratia standard de stabilizator serie cu reactie. TR tranzistorul regulator - are rolul

Figura 22 Configuraie standard de stabilizator pentru tensiuni mari


de a asigura reactia negativa

de a compara nivelul de tensiune cules de reteaua de reactie cu nivelul de tensiune al sursei de referinta si a genera un sem proportional cu diferenta dintre ele (amplifica semnalul de eroare). unei rezistente variabile, astfel incat tensiunea pe sarcina sa fie mentinuta constanta de a asigura un nivel constant al tensiunii pe care o genereaza

565) Figura23 prezinta exemplul tipic de stabilizator serie cu reactie. Grupul R3, Dz are rolul

Figura 23 Stabilizator cu reacie (exemplu)


de element regulator

de retea de reactie de sursa de referinta de amplificator de eroare

566) Figura23 prezinta exemplul tipic de stabilizator serie cu reactie. Grupul R4, T1 are rolul

Figura 23 Stabilizator cu reacie (exemplu)


de element regulator de retea de reactie de sursa de referinta de amplificator de eroare

567) Figura23 prezinta exemplul tipic de stabilizator serie cu reactie. Tranzistorul T2 are rolul

Figura 23 Stabilizator cu reacie (exemplu)


de element regulator de retea de reactie de sursa de referinta de amplificator de eroare

568) Figura23 prezinta exemplul tipic de stabilizator serie cu reactie. Grupul R1, R2 are rolul

Figura 23 Stabilizator cu reacie (exemplu)

de element regulator de retea de reactie de sursa de referinta de amplificator de eroare

569) Figura25 prezinta un stabilizator cu dioda Zener imbunatatit. Cea de a doua celula de stabilizare are rolul de a

Figura 25
mari curentul de iesire micsora curentul de iesire micsora factorul de stabilizare mari factorul de stabilizare

570) Figura26 prezinta un stabilizator cu dioda Zener imbunatatit. Tranzistorul T are rolul de a

Figura 26
mari curentul de iesire micsora curentul de iesire

micsora factorul de stabilizare mari factorul de stabilizare 571) Pentru amplificatorul de tensiune atat semnalul de excitatie cat si semnalului de raspuns reprezinta tensiuni atat semnalul de excitatie cat si semnalului de raspuns reprezinta curenti semnalul de excitatie este curent iar cel de raspuns tensiune semnalul de excitatie este tensiune iar cel de raspuns curent

572) Pentru amplificatorul de curent atat semnalul de excitatie cat si semnalului de raspuns reprezinta tensiuni atat semnalul de excitatie cat si semnalului de raspuns reprezinta curenti semnalul de excitatie este curent iar cel de raspuns tensiune semnalul de excitatie este tensiune iar cel de raspuns curent

573) Pentru amplificatorul transrezistenta (tranzimpedanta) atat semnalul de excitatie cat si semnalului de raspuns reprezinta tensiuni atat semnalul de excitatie cat si semnalului de raspuns reprezinta curenti semnalul de excitatie este curent iar cel de raspuns tensiune semnalul de excitatie este tensiune iar cel de raspuns curent

574) Pentru amplificatorul transconductanta (transadmitanta) atat semnalul de excitatie cat si semnalului de raspuns reprezinta tensiuni atat semnalul de excitatie cat si semnalului de raspuns reprezinta curenti semnalul de excitatie este curent iar cel de raspuns tensiune semnalul de excitatie este tensiune iar cel de raspuns curent

575) Figura31 prezinta un amplificator cu reactie. in acest caz reactia este de tipul:

Figura 31
serie paralel serie serie paralel paralel paralel serie

576) Figura32 prezinta un amplificator cu reactie. in acest caz reactia este de tipul:

Figura 32
serie paralel serie serie paralel paralel

paralel serie

577) Figura33 prezinta un amplificator cu reactie. in acest caz reactia este de tipul:

Figura 33
serie paralel serie serie paralel paralel paralel serie

578) Figura34 prezinta un amplificator cu reactie. in acest caz reactia este de tipul:

Figura 34
serie paralel serie serie paralel paralel

paralel serie

579) Figura41 prezinta schema echivalenta ideala pentru

Figura 41
amplificatorul de tensiune amplificatorul de curent amplificatorul transrezistenta amplificatorul transconductanta

580) Figura42 prezinta schema echivalenta ideala pentru

Figura 42
amplificatorul de tensiune amplificatorul de curent amplificatorul transrezistenta amplificatorul transconductanta

581) Figura43 prezinta schema echivalenta ideala pentru

Figura 43
amplificatorul de tensiune amplificatorul de curent amplificatorul transrezistenta amplificatorul transconductanta

582) Figura44 prezinta schema echivalenta ideala pentru

Figura 44
amplificatorul de tensiune amplificatorul de curent amplificatorul transrezistenta amplificatorul transconductanta

583) Figura45 prezinta schema echivalenta uzuala pentru amplificatorul de tensiune. Despre rI si ro se poate spune:

Figura 45

rI are valori foarte mici in timp ce r0 este foarte mare rI are valori foarte mari in timp ce r0 este foarte mic atat rI cat si ro sunt foarte mici atat rI cat si ro sunt foarte mari

584) Figura46 prezinta schema echivalenta uzuala pentru amplificatorul de tensiune. Despre rI si ro se poate spune:

Figura 46
rI are valori foarte mici in timp ce r0 este foarte mare rI are valori foarte mari in timp ce r0 este foarte mic atat rI cat si ro sunt foarte mici atat rI cat si ro sunt foarte mari

585) Figura47 prezinta schema echivalenta uzuala pentru amplificatorul de tensiune. Despre rI si ro se poate spune:

Figura 47
rI are valori foarte mici in timp ce r0 este foarte mare rI are valori foarte mari in timp ce r0 este foarte mic atat rI cat si ro sunt foarte mici atat rI cat si ro sunt foarte mari

586) Figura48 prezinta schema echivalenta uzuala pentru amplificatorul de tensiune. Despre rI si ro se poate spune:

Figura 48
rI are valori foarte mici in timp ce r0 este foarte mare rI are valori foarte mari in timp ce r0 este foarte mic atat rI cat si ro sunt foarte mici atat rI cat si ro sunt foarte mari

587) Castigul in tensiune al unui amplificator de tensiune se masoara in dB Ohm S m

588) Castigul in curent al unui amplificator de curent se masoara in dB Ohm S m

589) Amplificarea transimpedanta a unui amplificator transimpedanta se masoara in dB Ohm S m

590) Amplificarea transadmitanta a unui amplificator transadmitanta se masoara in

dB Ohm S m 591) Considerand RB>>rz rezistenta de iesire a circuitului de stabilizare din figura 14, este aproximativ

Figura 14. Stabilizator cu diodZener.


RB; RB+rZ rz foarte mare

592) Pentru etajul emitor comun prezentat in figura 15, considerand RC<

Figura 15. Etaj emitor comun ncrcat la intrare i la ieire

; ;

593) in prezenta unei reactii negative globale aplicata unui amplificator construit din mai multe etaje, valoarea raportului S/N (semnal/zgomot) masurata la iesire este: mai mare; neschimbata mai mica mult mai mare

594) Reactia negativa aplicata unui etaj de amplificare face ca valoarea raportului S/N (semnal/zgomot) masurata la iesire sa fie: mai mare; neschimbata mai mica mult mai mare

595) Randamentul unui amplificator ideal in clasa A (figura 16), avand sarcina cuplata prin transformator este:

Figura 16. Amplificator de putere n clasA utiliznd transformator de ieire


12,5%; 25%; 50%; 1

596) in figura 17 este reprezentata schema de principiu a unui un amplificator in contratimp cu tranzistoare identice functionand in clasa B. Excursia maxima de tensiune este:

Figura 4. Etaj de iesire in clasa B. Schema de principiu.

1/2 EC; EC; 2EC; 4EC;

597) in figura 17 este reprezentat un amplificator in contratimp cu tranzistoare identice functionand in clasa B. Randamentul amplificatorului este aproximativ

Figura 4. Etaj de iesire in clasa B. Schema de principiu.


25 %; 50 %; 78 %; 88 %;

598) Pentru etajul emitor comun prezentat in figura 15 rezistenta de intrare, in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic, este

Figura 15. Etaj emitor comun ncrcat la intrare i la ieire

Rin r

Rin

Rin Rc

599) Pentru etajul emitor comun prezentat in figura 15 rezistenta de iesire, in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic, este:

Figura 15. Etaj emitor comun ncrcat la intrare i la ieire

RoRc

600) Pentru etajul emitor comun prezentat in figura 15 frecventa superioara de lucru este:

Figura 15. Etaj emitor comun ncrcat la intrare i la ieire

H HT H1

601) Pentru etajul colector comun prezentat in figura 18 amplificarea in tensiune U0/Ein, in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic, este:

Figura

18. Etaj colector comun ncrcat la intrare i la ieire

; ;

602) Pentru etajul colector comun prezentat in figura 18 rezistenta de intrare, in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic, este:

Figura 18. Etaj colector comun ncrcat la intrare i la ieire


Rin r

Rin

Rin RE

603) Pentru etajul colector comun prezentat in figura 18 rezistenta de iesire (cu intrare in scurtcircuit), in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic, este

Figura 18. Etaj colector comun ncrcat la intrare i la ieire

RoRE

604) Pentru etajul baza comuna prezentat in figura19 amplificarea in tensiune U0/Uin, in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic (considerand RC<

Figura 19. Schema electric a unui etaj bazcomunncrcat la intrare i ieire

; ;

605) Pentru etajul baza comuna prezentat in figura 19 rezistenta de intrare, in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic, este:

Figura 19. Schema electric a unui etaj bazcomunncrcat la intrare i ieire


Rin r

Rin

Rin RE

606) Pentru etajul baza comuna prezentat in figura 19 rezistenta de iesire (cu intrare in scurtcircuit), in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic, este:

Figura 19. Schema electric a unui etaj bazcomunncrcat la intrare i ieire

RoRc

607) Pentru etajul baza comuna prezentat in figura 19 frecventa superioara de lucru este:

Figura 19. Schema electric a unui etaj bazcomunncrcat la intrare i ieire


H HT

H1

608) Schema din figura 20 prezinta un amplificator inversor construit cu ajutorul unui amplificator operational. Amplificarea in tensiune este:

Figura 20 Amplificator inversor

Au=1 Au este foarte mare

609) Schema din figura 21 prezinta un amplificator neinversor construit cu ajutorul unui amplificator operational. Amplificarea in tensiune este

Figura 21 Amplificator neinversoare

Au=1 Au este foarte mare

610) Figura24 prezinta un stabilizator cu dioda Zener. in functionare normala iZ indeplineste conditia

Figura 24 Stabilizator cu diodZener.

611) Coeficientul de stabilizare al stabilizatorului din figura 24 este aproximativ

Figura 24 Stabilizator cu diodZener.

612) Rezistenta de iesire a stabilizatorului din figura 24 este aproximativ

Figura 24 Stabilizator cu diodZener.

613) Figura35 prezinta schema unui amplificator sumator. Tensiunea de iesire are expresia

Figura 35 Amplificator sumator

614) Figura36 prezinta schema unui circuit de integrare. Tensiunea de iesire are expresia

Figura 36 Circuit de integrare

615) Figura37 prezinta schema unui circuit de derivare. Tensiunea de iesire are expresia

Figura 37

616) Figura38 prezinta schema unui circuit de logaritmare. Tensiunea de iesire are expresia

Figura 38 Circuit de logaritmare

uO=1

uO=uIN

617) Figura39 prezinta schema unui circuit de antilogaritmare. Tensiunea de iesire are expresia

Figura 39 Circuit de antilogaritmare


uO=1 uO=uIN

618) Impedanta de intrare in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic a unui amplificator de tensiune se determina introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind lasata in gol introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina de un 1 kW introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind scurtcircuitata introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina a carei valoare se determina din calcul

619) Impedanta de intrare in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic a unui amplificator de curent se determina introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind lasata in gol introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina de un 1 kW introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind scurtcircuitata

introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina a carei valoare se determina din calcul

620) Impedanta de intrare in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic a unui amplificator transimpedanta se determina introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind lasata in gol introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina de un 1 kW introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind scurtcircuitata introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina a carei valoare se determina din calcul

621) Impedanta de intrare in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic a unui amplificator transadmitanta se determina introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind lasata in gol introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina de un 1 kW introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind scurtcircuitata

introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina a carei valoare se determina din calcu

622) Impedanta de iesire in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic a unui amplificator de tensiune se determina introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind lasata in gol introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina de un 1 kW introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind scurtcircuitata

introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina a carei valoare se determina din calcu

623) Impedanta de iesire in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic a unui amplificator de curent se determina introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind lasata in gol introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina de un 1 kW introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind scurtcircuitata

introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina a carei valoare se determina din calcu

624) Impedanta de iesire in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic a unui amplificator transimpedanta se determina introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind lasata in gol introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina de un 1 kW introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind scurtcircuitata

introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina a carei valoare se determina din calcu

625) Impedanta de iesire in regim cvasistatic de semnal mic a unui amplificator transadmitanta se determina introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind lasata in gol introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina de un 1 kW introducand o sursa de test la intrare, iesirea fiind scurtcircuitata

introducand o sursa de test la intrare, la iesire introducandu-se o rezistenta sarcina a carei valoare se determina din calcu

626) Pentru un tranzistor bipolar in regim de blocare ambele jonctiuni sunt polarizate invers ambele jonctiuni sunt polarizate direct jonctiunea emitorului este polarizata direct, iar jonctiunea emitorului este polarizata invers jonctiunea colectorului este polarizata direct, iar jonctiunea emitorului este polarizata invers

627) Pentru un tranzistor bipolar in regim saturat ambele jonctiuni sunt polarizate invers ambele jonctiuni sunt polarizate direct jonctiunea emitorului este polarizata direct, iar jonctiunea emitorului este polarizata invers jonctiunea colectorului este polarizata direct, iar jonctiunea emitorului este polarizata invers

628) Pentru un tranzistor bipolar in regim activ normal inversat ambele jonctiuni sunt polarizate invers ambele jonctiuni sunt polarizate direct jonctiunea emitorului este polarizata direct, iar jonctiunea emitorului este polarizata invers jonctiunea colectorului este polarizata direct, iar jonctiunea emitorului este polarizata invers

629) In regim de blocare tranzistorul bipolar se comporta ca un circuit intrerupt tranzistorul bipolar se comporta ca un scurt circuit apare efectul de transistor tranzistorul nu se foloseste

630) In regim saturat tranzistorul bipolar se comporta ca un circuit intrerupt tranzistorul bipolar se comporta ca un scurt circuit apare efectul de transistor tranzistorul nu se foloseste 631) In regim activ normal tranzistorul bipolar se comporta ca un circuit intrerupt tranzistorul bipolar se comporta ca un scurt circuit apare efectul de transistor tranzistorul nu se foloseste

632) In regim activ normal inversat tranzistorul bipolar se comporta ca un circuit intrerupt

tranzistorul bipolar se comporta ca un scurt circuit apare efectul de transistor tranzistorul nu se foloseste

633) In conditii normale, o dioda stabilizatoare functioneaza in regim de polarizare directa in regim de polarizare inversa la tensiunea de strapungere V(BR) in regim de polarizare inversa, la o tensiune mai mica decat V(BR); in regim de polarizare inversa, la o tensiune mai mare decat V(BR);

634) Tranzitia din starea de blocare in starea de conductie (amorsarea sau aprinderea) unui tiristor se face prin numai comanda de pe poarta comanda de pe poarta si polarizarea directa a structurii (plus pe anod minus pe catod). numai polarizarea directa a structurii (plus pe anod minus pe catod). comanda de pe poarta si polarizarea inversa a structurii (minus pe anod pe plus catod)

635) Blocarea tiristorului se face actionand in circuitul de forta prin reducerea curentului principal polarizind invers jonctiunea poarta (grila) catod polarizind invers jonctiunea poarta (grila) anod prin efect duA/dt

636) Figura6 prezinta simbolul unui

Figura 7
TECMOS cu canal initial p TECMOS cu canal initial n TECMOS cu canal indus p TECMOS cu canal indus n

638) Figura8 prezinta simbolul unui:

Figura 8
TECMOS cu canal initial p TECMOS cu canal initial n TECMOS cu canal indus p TECMOS cu canal indus n

639) Figura9 prezinta simbolul unui:

TECMOS cu canal initial p TECMOS cu canal initial n TECMOS cu canal indus p TECMOS cu canal indus n

640) Mecanismul strapungerii intr-o dioda de referinta (stabilizatoare) este: totdeauna Zener totdeauna strapungere prin avalansa uneori strapungere Zener, alteori strapungere prin avalansa dar niciodata o combinatie a ambelor uneori strapungere Zener, alteori strapungere prin avalansa si cateodata o combinatie a ambelor

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