ELECTIVE COURSE 1 Assignment Name: Maricar Mae S. Bandiola 1. 5 Definitions of a Family a.

. A family is defined as a group of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption living together. (U.S. Census Bureau) b. Family is two or more people who live in the same household (usually), share a common emotional bond, and perform certain interrelated social task. (Allender and Spradley, 2008) c. Family is the basic unit of society. d. The family, as defined by Murray and Zentner is a small social system and primary reference group made up of two or more persons living together who are related by blood, marriage or adoption or who are living together by arrangement over a period of time. (Gesmundo, p. 13) e. The family is a social system passively adapting to external influences, instead of acting as a change agent in itself. (Gesmundo, p. 15) BSN 4

2. Duvalls and Rogers Developmental theories of a family Developed by Duvall (1977) and Rogers (1962). Duvall described 8 developmental tasks of the family throughout its life span (from Ericksons theory). This theory addresses family changes over time in life cycle. It is based on predictable changes in structure, function and roles of the family. Age of the older child is the marker for stage transition. Arrival of the first child marks the transition from stage 1 to stage 2. As the first child grows and develops, the family enters subsequent stages. At every stage, family is at a developmental task. At the same time, each member of the family must achieve individual developmental task. Rogers Role theory states that a family is a small group, semi -closed system of personalities that interacts with the larger cultural social system. Changes in one part effects a series of changes in the other parts. 3. Duvalls 8 Developmental Stages of a Family a. Stage 1 Marriage: The Joining of Families. Tasks: re-establish couple identity, Realign relationships with extended family, makes decisions regarding parenthood. b. Stage 2 The Early Child Bearing Family

Tasks: integrate infants into family unit, accommodate to new parenting and grand parenting roles, maintain marital bond. c. Stage 3 The Family with a Preschoolers Tasks: socialize children, parents and children adjust separation d. Stage 4 The Family with a School-Age Child Tasks: Children develop peer relations, Parents adjust to their childrens peer and school influence e. Stage 5 The Family With an Adolescent Tasks: Adolescents develop increasing autonomy, parental focus on midlife marital and career issues, parents begin shift toward concern for older generation f. Stage 6 The Launching Stage Family: The Family with a Young Adult Tasks: Parents and young adults establish independent identities, renegotiate marital relationship g. Stage 7 The Family of Middle Years Tasks: Reinvest in couple identity with concurrent development of independent interests, Realign relationships to include in-laws and

grandchildren, deal with disabilities and death of older generation h. The Family in Retirement or Older Age Tasks: shift from work role to leisure and semiretirement or full retirement, maintain couple and individual functioning while adapting to the aging process, prepare for own death and dealing with loss of spouse and/or siblings and other peers