Nicolau Gabriela. Limba Engleza.

Tema nr. 1 - Terrorism and Revolution

What is the Political Environment? Political environment is defined as the state, government, institutions and laws together with the public and private stakeholders who operate and influence that system. Political environment also includes the political culture which are views held about what governments should act with relation to its citizens. A revolution is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place over a relatively short period of time. It is mostly used to refer to political change. Revolutions have occurred throughout human history and vary widely in terms of methods, duration and motivating ideology. Their results include major changes in culture, economy and socio-political institutions. The American Revolution was a political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century, in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America. They first rejected the authority of the Parliament of Great Britain to govern them from overseas without representation, and then expelled all royal officials. The American Revolution initiated a series of social, political and intellectual transformations in early American society and government. Among the significant results of the revolution was the creation of a representative government responsible to the will of the people. Many fundamental issues of national governance were settled with the ratification of the Constitution of the United States in 1788. Examples of revolutions: 2003: The Rose Revolution, second of the colour revolutions, displaces the president of Georgia, Eduard Shevardnadze, and calls new elections. 20102012: Arab Spring: The Tunisian revolution forces President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali to resign and flee the country, and sets free elections.The 2011 Egyptian revolution brings down the regime of President Hosni Mubarak.In the Libyan civil war rebel forces gradually take control of the country, and kill the leader Muammar Gaddafi. Acts of terrorism: On July 20, 2012, a mass shooting occurred inside of a Century movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, during amidnight screening of the film The Dark Knight Rises. A gunman, dressed in tactical clothing, set off tear gasgrenades and shot into the audience with multiple firearms, killing 12 people and injuring 70 others. The sole suspect, James Eagan Holmes, was arrested outside the cinema minutes later. During the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013, two pressure cooker bombs exploded at 2:49 pm, killing 3 people and injuring an estimated 264 others The bombs exploded about 13 seconds and 210 yards (190 m) apart, near the finish line on Boylston Street.The Federal Bureau of Investigation took over the investigation, and on April 18, released photographs and surveillance video of two suspects.The suspects were identified later that day as Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev.
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Nicolau Gabriela. Limba Engleza.

Acts of terror are not confined to the United States. Terrorism is a worldwide problem, as our number four entry illustrates. On September 1, 2004, armed Ingush and Chechen insurgents seized control of School Number One in Beslan, Russia. The insurgents held 1,100 hostages (of which 777 were children) and demanded an end to ongoing Chechen military dispute between Chechnya and Russia. By the 3rd day of the siege, Russian officials decided to act, and assaulted the school with tanks, heavy weapons and military troops. An intense gun battle ensued that resulted in 30 insurgents killed. Unfortunately, 334 hostages were also killed (of which 186 were children). The backlash of the disastrous assault by Russian forces led to a number of policy changes, as well as widespread international criticism.