1.

DAMODAR VALLEY CORPORATION

Fig. 1.1 : Damodar Valley Corporatio !ale o" Po#er DVC supplies bulk power at 25 KV, 33 KV, 132 KV and 220 KV at different locations to industries and distributing licensees. A ong t!ese industries figure so e core sector industries like "ailwa#, $teel. Coal etc, w!ic! for econo #. !ale o" #ater DVC supplies raw water for industrial and do estic purposes. At present water tariff c!arged b# DVC is "s. 2.50 per 1000 gallon. Departme t i C$arge DVC%s Co ercial &ngineering Depart ent !andles tec!nical, financial, co ercial integral parts of our national

and legal aspects pertaining to sale of power and non'agricultural water.

Mi%%io & Vi%io

Fig. 1.' : Mi%i%o & Vi%io DVC ca e into e(istence wit! t!e a)owed ission to ta e t!e turbulent Da odar and control da ages caused b# recurring and de)astating floods in t!e )alle#. *ollowing t!e odel of t!e +ennessee Valle# Corporation, DVC incorporated ot!er acti)ities to broaden t!e scope of its pri ar# following ob-ecti)es. *lood control and irrigation. /eneration, trans ission and distribution of power. &co'Conser)ation and afforestation. $ocio'econo ic welfare of t!e in!abitants of t!e Da odar )alle#. 0ater suppl# for industrial and do estic use. ti e to ti e, re)ised its core ission. ,ence t!e ission was defined b# t!e

DVC is finel# tuned to c!anges wit! ti e, and !as, fro distribution of electrical energ# to

priorities. ,ence, t!e s!ift of e p!asis in recent ti es to generation, trans ission and eet t!e increasing de and for power fro sector industries like steel, coal and railwa#s as well as ot!er industrial consu ers. +!e need to )iew de)elop ent 1n a !olistic co Vi%io +o establis! DVC as a of li)es of people. ega pit!ead power producer and distributor in t!e &astern anner !as reinforced DVC%s fir ission.

it ent to social responsibilit#, w!ic! re ains an integral part of its o)erall

"egion and beco e a facilitator for all around growt! of t!e region enric!ing t!e 2ualit#

Po#er (e eratio

Fig. 1.) : Po#er (e eratio &ntrusted wit! t!e responsibilities of pro)iding t!e )ital input power for industrial growt! in t!e resource ric! Da odar Valle# region, DVC !as been practicall# operating as a pioneer, using latest a)ailable tec!nologies to suppl# bulk power at reasonable rates to t!e a-or industries. aintained its lead role in t!e eastern region b# adopting itself to t!e c!allenges eeting t!e needs of

DVC !as

of ti e and tec!nolog# during t!e course of last 53 #ears. DVC !as been generating and trans itting power since 1353 and !as succeeded not onl# in of de)elop ent. *oi t Ve t+re Pro,e-t 4A1+,56 750&" 8141+&D a -oint )enture co pan# b# DVC and +ata 7ower !as been for ed to i ple ent 1000 40 4ait!on "ig!t 9ank +!er al 7ower 7ro-ect for eeting t!e energ# needs of power deficient regions on e(port basis. 95KA"5 750&" $:778; C5 8+D <97$C8= a -oint )enture co pan# of DVC and $A18 !as been establis!ed to operate and stea e(clusi)el# to 9okaro $teel 8td. aintain t!e capti)e power and stea generation plant, !i)ed off b# $A18 and its 9okaro $teel 7lant and suppl# power and consu ers but !as also !elped to increase t!e de and of power w!ic! itself is an inde(

DVC &4+A C5A8 416&$ 8+D, a -oint )enture co pan# for ed wit! &astern 4inerals > +rading Agenc# for de)elop ent and operation of Capti)e Coal 4ine 9locks and suppl# of coal e(clusi)el# to DVC +!er al 7ower 7ro-ects of 10t! and 11t! plan.

Tra %mi%%io

Fig. 1.. : Tra %mi%%io DVC !ad a !u ble beginning. a s all generating unit wit! a few connected lines. +oda# it !as a )ast network of trans ission lines and substations spread across t!e states of @!ark!and and 0est 9engal, e(tending be#ond its co co)ering and area up to @a s!edpur and ,owra!, DVC supplies bulk power at 33 KV, 132 KV and 220 KV t!roug! a network ore t!an 5500 circuit kilo eters. +!e DVC grid is interconnected wit! t!e $tate &lectricit# 9oards of @!ark!and <@$&9, erstw!ile 9$&9= and 0est 9engal <09$&9=, /rid Corporation of 5rissa and 7ower /rid Corporation of 1ndia 8td. E/i%ti g Li e% 0C1t 2m%.3
State Jharkhand West Bengal Orissa TOTAL 1070 33 KV 9 7 16 3415 132 KV 21 12 33 33 KV 690 380 132 KV 2175 1240 220 K 898 560 42 1500 220 K 7 4 11

E/i%ti g !+45%tatio % 0No%.3

State Jharkhand West Bengal TOTAL

Ta4le 1.1 : E/i%ti g Li e% $ub'stations, replacing old electro agnetic rela#s b# nu erical rela#s, installation of !ig! accurac# eters, to 2uote a few e(a ples. VC !as undertaken a a-or initiati)e to reno)ate and update t!e e(isting infrastructure. replacing old circuit breakers b# new generation breakers of !ig! capacit#, increasing transfor er capacities at )arious

INFRA!TR6CT6RE

Fig. 1.7 : I "ra%tr+-t+re

0it! t!e ti e DVC de)eloped and e(panded its infrastructure *i)e t!er al power stations wit! a capacit# of 25A0 40, t!ree !#dro'electric power stations wit! a capacit# of 1?? 40 and one gas turbine station wit! a capacit# of B2.5 40 contribute to a total installed capacit# of 2A3C.5 40. 7resentl# DVC !as C0 sub'stations and recei)ing stations ore t!an 5500'circuit k of trans ission and distribution lines. DVC !as also four da s, a barrage and a network of canals t!at pla# an effecti)e role in water anage ent. +!e construction of c!eck da s, de)elop ent of forests and far s and upland and wasteland treat ent de)eloped b# DVC pla# a )ital role in eco conser)ation.
DVC INFRASTRUCTURE AT A GLANCE DVC Co and !rea 24"235 #$% & s POWER MANAGEMENT 'otal (nstalled Ca)a*it+ 'her al -o.er #tations 1+del -o.er #tations 2as '3r4ine #tation #345stations and 6e*ei0ing #tations 2796%5 ,W /i0e Ca)a*it+ 2570 ,W 'hree Ca)a*it+ 144 ,W One Ca)a*it+ 82%5 ,W !t 220 &V7 11 nos% !t 132 &V7 33 nos% !t 33 &V7 16 nos% 220 &V7 1500 *kt k s 132 &V7 3415 *kt k s 33 &V7 1070 *kt k s

'rans ission 8ines

Water Management ,a9or Da s and Barrage (rrigation Co and !rea :gross; 'ilai+a" &onar" ,aithon -an*het da s and D3rga)3r Barrage 5%69 lakh he*tares 3%64 lakh he*tares 1292 illion C3% %

(rrigation -otential Created /lood 6eser0e Ca)a*it+ Canals

2494 k s S !" C n#er$at! n

/orests" /ar s" <)land and Wasteland 'reat ent Che*k Da s

4 lakh he*tares :a))ro=; 16"000 :a))ro=;

Ta4le 1.' : DVC I "ra%tr+-t+re

Water Management

,a9or Da s and Barrage (rrigation Co and !rea :gross;

'ilai+a" &onar" ,aithon and -an*het and D3rga)3r Barrage 5%69 lakh he*tares 3%64 lakh he*tares 1292 illion *3se*

(rrigation -otential Created /lood 6eser0e Ca)a*it+ Canals

-)2494 k s

S !" C n#er$at! n /orests" /ar s" <)land and Wasteland 'reat ent Che*k Da s 4 lakh he*tares :a))ro=; 16"000 :a))ro=;

Ta4le 1.) : 8ater Ma ageme t

PO8ER (ENERATION
+!er al ,#del +rans ission > Distribution 220 KV 132 KV 33 KV 0ater 4anage ent Da s 9arrage Canals 4ining /rowt! 7lan Capacit# addition progra Capacit# addition progra e of 1000 40 of 10t! plan during 11t! 7lan. e of 5A00 40 during 11t! plan.

Co patible 7ower +rans ission 6etwork Aug entation.

!oil Co %er9atio AfforestationD$il)i 7astoral De)elop entDContour +renc!ingD"e!abilitation *ield !edge, pasture and !orticultural de)elop ent, drainage line treat ents, silt detention da s, reno)ation of ponds recla ation of land, de onstrations on crops, fertiliser application, oisture conser)ation Coonstruction of water !ar)esting structures

PLANT!
DVC P %er Stat! n# at a G"an&e

Name Bokaro >B>

L &at! n T)ERMAL Dist5 Bokaro #tate5 Jharkhand

Ca'a&!t(

C mm!##! n!ng

630 ,W :3 ? 210 ,W;

<5( ,ar 86 <5(( @o0 90 <5((( !3g 93 <5( O*t 64 <5(( ,a+ 65 <5((( J3l+ 68 <5((( De* 66 <5(V #e)t 82

Chandra)3ra

Dist5 Bokaro #tate5 Jharkhand

390 ,W :3 ? 130 ,W;

D3rga)3r

Dist%5 Barddha an #tate5 WestBengal

350 ,W :1?140 ,W; A :1?210 ,W; 1340 ,W :4 ? 210 ,W; A :2 ? 250 ,W;

,e9ia

Dist%5 Bank3ra #tate5 WestBengal

<5( ,ar 96 <5(( ,ar 98 <5((( #e)t 99 <5(V /e4 05 <5V /e4 08 <5V( #e)t 08

T ta" T*erma" Name 'ilai+a L &at! n 6i0er5 Barakar Dist%51aBari4agh #tate5 Jharkhand 6i0er5 Barakar Dist%5 B3rdha an #tate5 West Bengal

2+10 MW E,!#t!ng Ca'a&!t( )-DEL 4 ,W :2 ? 2 ,W; 60 ,W :3 ? 20 ,W; <5( /e4C53 <5(( J3l+C53 <5( O*tC57 <5(( ,arC58 <5(( De*C58 C mm!##! n!ng

,aithon

10

-an*het

6i0er5 Da odar Dist%5 Dhan4ad #tate 5Jhankhand %

80 ,W :2 ? 40 ,W; 1// MW

<5( De*C59 <5(( ,arC91

T ta" )(.e" GRAND TOTAL

201/ MW

Ta4le 1.. : DVC Pla t%

11

DVC Po#er Pla t%: Dam% a d ;arrage%

:se t!is ap to link to detailed infor ation on all of DVC%s facilities.

Fig. 1.< : DVC Po#er Pla t%

)(.e" P %er P"ant ,aithon -an*het 'ilai+a T*erma" P %er P"ant B'-# :B; C'-# D'-# ,'-# Dam &onar -an*het 'ilai+a ,aithon GT ,aithon

12

RENOVATION! & MODERNI=ATION!

Fig. 1.> : Re o9atio & Moder i?atio DVC started its "eno)ation > 4oderniEation <" > 4= 7rogra 7lant 8oad *actor. As part of its 10t! plan acti)ities DVC !as planned for o)erall i pro)e ent of perfor ance t!roug! co pre!ensi)e " > 4 D 8& <8ife &(tension= of its old !#del and t!er al power generating units based on "esidual 8ife Assess ent <"8A= studies. +!is confor s to t!e polic# of t!e /o)ern ent of 1ndia on 8& of old power generation units b# " > 4 wit! econo ical in)est ent. +en t!er al units in operation fro fro last 25 to 51 #ears and four !#del units in operation e in 13BA in order to

eet stricter pollution control standards, en!ance operational efficienc# and i pro)e

?5 to ?A #ears !a)e been taken up for "8A based ">4 D 8& work. for i pro)ed and

"eno)ation and 4oderiEation <">4= wing !as been rena ed as 5peration $er)ices an :pgradation <5$>:= to look into t!e upgradation process D s#te sustained generation of power in DVC power plants. 4a-or Acti)ities of 5peration $er)ices and :p'gradation 5peration $er)ices F "egular onitoring of da#'to'da# power generation and associated 5>4 proble s. a(i iEation of generation and a)ailabilit# wit! aintenance anage ent practices.

F Assistance to power stations for approac! towards Eero forced outage. F Assistance for induction of i pro)ed F *or ulate new

aintenance strategies.

F /eneration and o)er!aul sc!eduling <"olling 7lan= and co'ordination wit! 457, C&A and ot!er e(ternal agencies. 13

F De)elop and i ple ent new initiati)es. F Collate and re)iew 5>4. budgets and cost reduction initiati)es. F Co'ordinate 5>4 onitoring and lend proacti)e assistance. and ensure co pliance. F Co'ordinate of trip anal#sisD lessons learnt D feedback rec#cle. F De)elop and update s#ste F $er)ice support to power stations in ter s of . 4onitoring o)er!aul 2ualit# and ot!er repair -obs at outside works. &(pert assistance fro 5&4 and ot!er reputed agencies.

De)eloping i pro)e ent initiati)es. 1 ple enting i pro)e ent initiati)es. $pares and )endor de)elop ent. *inaliEation of purc!aseDworks contracts re2uiring assistance !ead2uarters.

6p5gradatio +ec!nolog# up gradation in different areas of power stations, replace ent of obsolete e2uip ent and odification in different areas suc! as boiler, turbine and t!eir au(iliaries, ills, electrical s#ste s. coal !anding plant, as! !anding plant, coal

1?

TRAN!MI!!ION !Y!TEM

Fig. 1.@ : Tra %mi%%io !y%tem C!arged wit! t!e responsibilities of pro)iding electricit#, t!e )ital input for industrial growt! in t!e resource'ric! Da odar Valle# region, DVC o)er t!e last C0 #ears !as de)eloped a big and robust trans ission network consisting of 132 KV and 220 KV grids. DVC grids operates in unison wit! t!e eastern regional grid t!roug! 132 KV and 220 KV tie lines. All t!e power stations and substations of DVC are connected wit! t!e DVC grids. DVC power consu ers are pro)ided suppl# at 25 KV, 33 KV, 132 KV and 220 KV pressure. DVC +rans ission 8ines in ser)ice at a glance
State Jharkhand West Bengal TOTAL Tran#m!##! n "!ne "engt* !n CKm 220 KV 798 536 1334 132 KV 2238 1177 3415

Inter& nne&t!ng T!e L!ne# %!t* DVC Net% r2 T!e3L!ne DDC D'-#5Bidhannagar #DC Ja shed)3r5Joda DDC &al+anes.ari5-ithakari DDC -ar3lia5-ar3lia #DC C'-#5#'-#F #DC Barhi5BiharshariG #DC Barhi56a9gir #DC ,aithon5#3ltangan9i #DC 6a garh5-'-# DDC -atrat35-'-# #DC Chandil5,ani$3e DDC D'-#5D-8F V "tage 220&V 220&V 220&V 220&V 220&V 132&V 132&V 132&V 132&V 132&V 132&V 132&V Ot*er Ut!"!t( WB#EB 26(DCO -2C(8 -2C(8 WB#EB J#EB J#EB J#EB J#EB J#EB J#EB D-8 Lengt*4CKm5 34%52 135%00 13%5 2%00 12%64 95%00 80%00 107%60 30%40 20%00 3%00 22%00

15

#DC &olaghat5&olaghat #DC &harag)3r5&harag)3r #DC -3r3lia5-3r3lia FO3t oG ser0i*e%

132&V 132&V 132&V

WB#EB WB#EB WB#EB

3%00 1%00 0%00

DVC S67#tat! n# !n #er$!&e 4N #85 at a g"an&e State Jharkhand West Bengal TOTAL 220 KV 4 6 10 132 KV 12 21 33

Tra %mi%%io & Di%tri4+tio Pro,e-t% A. "eno)ation > Aug entation of e(isting infrastructure. +ransfor er capacit# aug entation' 2 nos. B0 4VA at /iridi! and 1 no. B0 4VA at C+7$' co pleted. Aug entation of 33 KV power suppl# to 09$&9 at 9el uri $ubstation' co pleted. "econductoring of DDC 132 KV 7utki'6i iag!at lines' co pleted. "econductoring of DDC 132 KV 9okaro'Konar'9ar!i lines' al ost co pleted. "econductoring of 132 KV 7utki'C+7$ lines. "eplace ent of 25 4VA +ransfor ers for "ailwa#s suppl#' 1 no. eac! at 7at!ardi!, "a kanali and Koder a and 2 nos. at Ku ard!ubi. "etrofitting of 7rotection "ela#s <7!ase'11=. 9. 6ew 7ro-ects under construction.

220D132D33 KV 9ar-ora $ubstation. 220D33 KV infrastructure de)eloped and in ser)ice since 0C.01.200C' Creation of 220D132KV infrastructutre is in progress. 220 KV DDC 4+7$'Durgapur line co pleted. 220D132D33 KV D!anbad substation and allied works of 8185 of 220 KV C+7$' Kal#aneswari DDC lines at D!anbad substation.

1C

Di)ersion of DDC 220 KV D+7$'7arulia, 132 KV D+7$'Kalipa!ari > 132 KV D+7$'C+7$ lines at Durgapur $teel 7ro-ect area. 132D33 KV @a uria substation and allied 8185 of 132 KV C+7$'D+7$ line at @a uria substation. DDC 220 KV 4+7$'/ola line e(tension upto 220 KV "a gar! substation. 33 KV Koder a "ecei)ing $tation. 33 KV 91ADA "ecei)ing $tation at 9okaro and allied 33 KV C+7$'91ADA line. C. 6ew 7ro-ects being taken up for construction. 220D132D33 KV $ubstation at /ola $ubstation. 220D132D33 KV :luberia $ubstation. 220D132D33 KV /iridi! $ubstation. 220 KV DDC 8185 of 9+7$'@a s!edpur at /ola $ubstation and e(tension upto "a gar! $ubstation. 132D33 KV 7oradi! $ubstation. Construction of 220 KV DDC D!anbad'/iridi! and Koder a'/iridi! lines and DDC 132 KV /o)indpur'D!anbad. ?00 KV power e)acuating lines fro 7ro-ect. Durgapur $teel 7ro-ect and "ag!unat!pur

1A

!6;!TATION!
Substations GOMD I 1o.rah &olaghat &harag)3r Bel 3ri B3rd.an GOMD II GOMD III GOMD IV -3tki -atherdih #indri @i ia 2hat 2iridih GOMD V 1aBari4agh 6a garh 2ola -atrat3 @orth &aran)3ra Barhi &oder a &onar GOMD VI D3rga)3r -3r3lia !#Bar9ora

&al+anesh.ari Ja shed)3r &ali)ahari 6a kanali &3 ard34i B3rn)3r Chandil ,osa4ani -3r3lia

At 33 KV Receiving Stations GOMD I GOMD II ,aithon 6DBank &3lti 63)nara+an)3r C8W &3 ard34i 1ira)3r #ee4)3r 8a*hi)3r disergarh GOMD III GOMD IV Dig.adi !CC #i93a &atras Ja ado4a GOMD V West Bokaro &oder a

1B

8ater Ma ageme t O9er9ie#

DVC !as a network of four da s ' +ilai#a and 4ait!on on ri)er 9arakar, 7anc!et on ri)er Da odar and Konar on ri)er Konar. 9esides, Durgapur barrage and t!e canal network, !anded o)er to /o)ern ent of 0est 9engal in 13C?, re ained a part of t!e total s#ste of water anage ent. DVC da s are capable of oderating floods of C.51 lac cusec to 2.5 lac cusecs. *our ultipurpose da s were constructed during t!e period 13?B to 1353.

a= 4ait!on Da b= 7anc!et da c= +ilai#a Da d= Konar Da *lood reser)e capacit# of 1232 ?13 c c !as been pro)ided in ? reser)oirs, w!ic! can eet

oderate a peak flood of 1B335 cu ec to a safe carr#ing capacit# of A0AC cu ec. of water is stored in t!e ? DVC reser)oirs to suppl# CB0 cusec of water to unicipal and do estic re2uire ents in 0est 9engal > @!ark!and. industrial,

A barrage on ri)er Da odar was constructed in 1355 at Durgapur for suppl# of irrigation water to t!e districts of 9urdwan, 9ankura > ,oogl#. 1rrigation Co and Area </ross= ' 5.C3 lak! !ectares.

1rrigation 7otential Created ' 3.C? lak! !ectares. Canals ' 2?3? k s.

13

30,000 !a of land in t!e upper )alle# is being irrigated, e)er# #ear b# lift irrigation wit! t!e water a)ailable fro 1C,000 <appro(= c!eck da s constructed b# DVC.

Dam#

T!"a!(a (na3g3ration 21%02%53 On 6i0er Barakar Distri*t

K nar 15%10%55 &onar

Ma!t* n 27%09%57 Barakar

Pan&*et 06%12%59 Da odar Dhan4ad

1aBari4agh 1aBari4agh Dhan4ad #tate Jharkhand 1eight a4o0e ri0er 4ed : eters; 30%18 48%77 50%00F 44%00FF 8ength : eters; 366 Width oG road.a+ : eters; 3%81 -o.er generating *a)a*it+ 2 = 2 ,W St rage &a'a&!t( : illion *3% %; 'o dead storage 75%25 'o to) oG gates 394%74 A"" &at! n 9 #t rage &a'a&!t!e# :,C,; 336%76 1361%84 60%4 207%24 5 3 = 20 ,W 5%79 6%78 4535 4860 Jharkhand

JharkhandD JharkhandD W% Bengal W%Bengal 40%84F 45%00FF 6777 10%67 2 = 40 ,W

170%37 1497%54

20

/or irrigation H )o.er 141%86 /or Glood *ontrol 177%63 Drainage area :s$% k %; 984%2 Re#er$ !r :s$% k %; !t dead storage le0el 15%38 !t a=i 3 *onser0ation )ool 38%45 !rea to) oG gates 74%46 :Eart*en D6rga'6r ;arrage -ear 9 & n#tr6&t! n 9 gate# 1955 692 34 :in*l3ding 3nder sl3i*e; 18%3 18%3 = 4%9 = 5%5 I60 Gt = 16 GtJ I60 Gt = 18 GtJ I211%5 GtJ to 68% 63%4 Dam 27%92 ::C n&rete 107%16 Dam 153%38 23%15 71%35 121%81 7%49 24%28 27%92 997%1 6293%17 10966%1 55%51 542%76 1086%76 220%81 611%84 228%21

Lengt* N6m7er S!<e 9 gate#

Le9t = r!g*t 6n.er #"6!&e O'erat!ng "e$e"# Deta!"# 9 Cana" Net% r28

Bet.een 68% 64%5 I208%0 GtJ

Lengt* 4Km5 8B,C :8eGt Bank ,ain Canal;:Canal originating 136%8 Gro D3rga)3r Barrage; 6B,C :6ight originating Gro 'otal length oG Bank ,ain Canal; D3rga)3r Barrage; ain and 4ran*h *anals :Canal 88%5 2494

D!#&*arge at )ea. Reg6"at r 4C6me&5 260 64%3

21

Mo %oo Operatio 0*+ e 5 O-to4er3

A )ast !#dro eteorological station network wit! V,* D wireless facilities e(ists o)er t!e Da odar catc! ent area. 5n real ti e basis G!ourl#, 3 !ourl#, C !ourl#H data of ri)er gauge, rainfall, ri)er disc!arge are easured and trans itted t!roug! e(isting co unication network to central flood control station at 4ait!on. 1ndian 4eteorological Depart ent <14D=, Kolkata trans it t!e rainfall forecast for ne(t 2? !rs for t!e entire Da odar )alle# region to 4ait!on. Co puter odel a)ailable at *lood *orecasting :nit <**:= at 4ait!on esti ates t!e

inflow into t!e reser)oirs based on t!e real ti e data > t!e rainfall forecast of 14D. According to detailed guidelines contained in t!e IDa odar Valle# "eser)oir "egulation 4anualI 4e ber $ecretar# DV""C <Da odar Valle# "eser)oir "egulation Co ittee= after discussion wit! $&, Da odar 1rrigation Circle /o)t. of 0 9, 4anager, "eser)oir 5peration of DVC and $&, +enug!at of /o)t. of @!ark!and decides da# to da# release of water fro da s. Flood 8ar i g 9efore releasing water fro da s spillwa# gates, necessar# warning is co industries, unicated to 4ait!on and 7anc!et Da s and issues ad)ice for release of water t!roug! t!e

district aut!orities, affected downstrea

unicipalities and ot!ers including

senior ad inistrati)e officials of 9urdwan, 9ankura and 7urulia. , 10 0 Dept., /o)t. of 0.9., &&, D,0, Durgapur, 4e ber <"4=, C0C, 6ew Del!i.

22

0!ene)er disc!arge fro special

4ait!on > 7anc!et da s e(ceeds 1132 cu ec <?0,000 cusec=,

essages are broadcasted t!roug! Doordars!an and A1" regional news bulletins.

Doordars!an, Kolkata also telecasts dail# weat!er forecast wit! probable rainfall in t!e Da odar Valle#. 8ater "or Irrigatio 0ater fro DVC da s is regulated b# t!e Durgapur barrage t!roug! t!e e(isting

network of 2?3? k s of canals. +!is !as created irrigation potential for 3.C? lak! !ectares of land annuall#. 3.?2,000 !ectares of K!arif Crop, 22,000 !ectares of rabi crop and 30,000 !ectares of boro crop are irrigated annuall# in t!e districts of 9ardd!a an, ,oog!l#, 9ankura and ,owra! in t!e state of 0est 9engal. About 30,000 !ectares of land in t!e upper )alle# is irrigated annuall# b# lift'irrigation wit! water a)ailable fro o)er 1C,000 c!eck da s constructed b# DVC.

I d+%trial a d Ci9i- #ater pro9i%io % About C25 cusec of water is released e)er# #ear to eet t!e de and of appro(i atel#

150 industries, ci)ic bodies and railwa#s in @!ark!and and 0est 9engal. 7er ission for e(traction of water for industrial and do estic purposes +!e intending part# is re2uired to contact t!e following officials along wit! details regarding a ount of water re2uired, location, details of pu ping installation and la#out drawing of t!e proposed sc!e e.

23

ChieG Engineer :Ci0il; DVC" ,aithon" -%O% ,aithon Da " Dist" Dhan4ad Jharkhand 5 828207

O6

ChieG Engineer :Co er*ial; DVC" DVC 'o.ers V(- 6oad"&olkata 5 700054

0ater c!arges are li)able for suc! e(traction of water for industrial and do estic purposes. Mi i g A-ti9itie%

DVC started its

ining acti)ities in 1351 b# ac2uiring capti)e coal ine at 9er o fro eet t!e coal re2uire ent of 9okaro JA% +!er al 7ower $tation. ade a production of 3.B5 lak!s 4+ of coal surpassing

t!e 1ndian "ailwa# to

During 200C K 0A, 9er o 4ines t!e target of 3.C lak!s 4+ and

ade a profit of "s. 5.1 crore

P$y%i-al Per"orma -e o" ;ermo Mi e%

-ear 2005 7 06 2006 7 07

O; rem $a" 4C68mtr5 339173 1310714%30

A&*!e$ement 4>5 28%26 137

C a" 'r .6&t! n 4MT5 368007 384911%44

A&*!e$ement 4>5 102%00 106%92

*or suppl#ing coal to new power plants co ing under capacit# addition progra 9ar-ora <6ort!=, K!agra @o#de) and Kasta <&ast= fro 6iga 8td. 5f @!ark!and for

during 10t! and 11t! *i)e ;ear 7lants, DVC !as ac2uired t!ree coal blocks na el#, &astern Coalfields 8td. 9esides t!ese, t!e /ondulpara coal block !as been allotted bot! to DVC and +enug!at Vid#ut ining and s!aring t!e production e2uall#. *or t!is coal 8td, is t!e lead co pan#. +o raise coal fro t!e ot!er block, +enug!at Vid#ut 6iga

newl# ac2uired coal block, a -oint )enture co pan# na ed DVC &4+A Coal ines 8td, !as been for ed b# DVC wit! t!e &astern 4inerals > +rading Agenc# <&4+A=.

2?

'. INTROD6CTION
A stea 7ower plant con)erts t!e c!e ical energ# of t!e fossil fuels <coal, oil, gas= into in t!e boilers,

ec!anicalDelectrical energ#. +!is is ac!ie)ed b# raising t!e stea con)ert ec!anical energ# to electrical energ#. power plant.

e(panding it t!roug! t!e turbines and coupling t!eL turbines to t!e generators w!ic!

+!e following two purposes can be ser)ed b# a stea 1. 2. +o produce electric power. +o produce stea stea anufacture, paper

for industrial purposes besides producing electric power. +!e ills, sugars and refineries etc.

a# be used for )ar#ing purposes in t!e industries suc! as te(tiles, food

Fig. '.1 : !team Po#er Pla t

25

8OR2IN(
0e used t!e pressure cooker as a boiler to generate t!e stea . 0e !eat up t!e water wit! t!e !elp of electric !eater. 0!en t!e stea is generated. 0e strike t!e stea on t!e blade of t!e turbine w!ic! rotates t!e turbine. 0e coupled a w!ic! works as a generator and con)erts t!e generated t!e la p glow on. otor wit! t!e s!aft of turbine

ec!anical energ# of turbine into electrical

energ#. +!e output of t!e generator is gi)en to t!e la p. 0!en t!e electric energ# is

2C

E!!ENTIAL REA6IREMENT FOR DE!I(NIN(

1. 2. 3. ?. 5. C. A. "eliabilit# 4ini u 4ini u 4ini u Capital Cost 5perating > 4aintenance Cost eat peak load effecti)el#. losses of energ# in trans ission. eat future de ands.

Capacit# to

8ow cost of energ# supplied to t!e consu er. "eser)e capacit# to

+!ese essential re2uire ents are depends to t!e following factor . 1. 2. 3. ?. $i plicit# of design $ub Di)ision of plant and apparatus. :se of auto atic e2uip ent. &(tensibilit#.

2A

!ELECTION OF !TEAM PO8ER PLANT

1. 2. 3. ?. 5. C. A. B. 3. 10. 11. A)ailabilit# of raw 6ature of land. Cost of land. A)ailabilit# of water. +ransport facilities As! disposal facilities A)ailabilit# of labour. $iEe of t!e plant. 8oad Centre. 7ublic 7roble s. *uture e(tensions. aterial

2B

CAPACITY OF PLANT
+!e power plant capacit# can be deter ined b# stud#ing t!e load duration cur)e and t!e anticipated future de ands. +!e t!e peak load. <i= 1n case of I$ all loadsI, it a# be econo ical to install two units of e2uip ent, a(i u de and independentl#. 1n t!e aintenance etc. at least one unit can be ini u capacit# of t!e plant ust be e2ual to at least

eac! being capable of suppl#ing t!e e)ent of failure of one unit or during used to <ii=

aintain uninterrupted suppl# of energ#. power plantsI, usuall# t!e nu ber of units is a(i u ore t!an two

1n case of I ediu of two large units.

wit! t!e total installed capacit# e2ual to t!e

de and plus t!e capacit#

<iii=

8arge power plantsI are generall# conser)atel# rated. 1n t!e case of stea turbines, t!ere is an o)erload capacit# of 10 to 15M of t!e rated capacit#. 0it! a nu ber of units, peak load can be easil# ad-usted b#'o)erloading so e units te poraril#.

+!e power plant load can be reduced b# dropping t!e suppl# )oltage. +!us a 5 percent reduction in suppl# )oltage results in si ilar reduction in t!e load. An electric suppl# undertaking !as to aintain t!e )oltage wit!in 10 percent of t!e declared pressure as per eet t!e de and wit!out use of additional units. 9# using aterialiEed. 1ndian. &lectricit# ActN $o during peak !ours t!e. )oltage can be reduced wit!in t!e allowable li its in order to t!is tec!ni2ue sa)ing of capital cost is

23

0!en a new unit is to be added to t!e e(isting power station, its siEe is decided on t!e following considerations. 1. 2. 3. ?. &ffect of additional unit on t!e t!er al efficienc# of t!e plant. &(pected rate of increase of +!e roo a(i u de and o)er t!e ne(t few #ears.

a)ailable for t!e additional unit. regarding te perature,

+!e suitabilit# of t!e generator to t!e e(isting s#ste pressure etc.

Rati g o" 6 it%: 6or all# t!e output of units is classified under t!e following !eads. <i= <ii= &cono ical rating 4a(i u continuous rating. ost econo icall# at full load. *or t!e ost econo ical

A generator need not operate

operation, t!e present trend is towards econo ical running at A5'.B5 percent of full load. 4a(i u continuous rating of a generating unit is t!e a(i u load at w!ic! it can be a(i u

runO continuousl# for se)eral !ours. 1t is nor all# 10I15 percent less t!an t!e capacit# of t!e unit.

30

). COMPONENT DETAIL
1. 2. 3. ?. 5. C. A. 9oiler $tea $tea +urbine 6oEEle

7ressure /auge $afet# Val)e $tea Condenser $uper !eater

31

.. ;OILER!
A boiler a# be defined as a closed )essel in w!ic! stea is produced fro water b#

co bustion of fuel. IA co bination of apparatus for producing, furnis!ing or reco)ering !eat toget!er wit! t!e apparatus for transferring t!e !eat so )apourisedI. +!e stea <i= <ii= <iii= generated is e plo#ed for t!e following purposes. engines or stea turbines. an# ot!er industries ade a)ailable to t!e fluid being !eated and

*or generating power in stea like sugar

1n t!e te(tile industries for siEing and bleac!ing etc. and illsN c!e ical industries.

*or !eating t!e buildings in cold weat!er and for producing !ot water for !ot water suppl#.

+!e pri ar# re2uire ents of boilers are . <i= <ii= +!e water +!e stea ust be contained safel#. ust be safel# deli)ered in desired condition <as regards its pressure,

te perature, 2ualit# and re2uired rate=. !ele-tio o" ;oiler% 0!ile selecting a boiler t!e following factors s!ould be considered . 1. +!e working pressure and 2ualit# of stea !eated=. 2. $tea generation rate. re2uired <i.e., w!et!er wet or dr# or

32

3. ?. 5. C. A. B. 3.

*loor area a)ailable. Accessibilit# for repair and inspection. Co parati)e initial cost. &rection facilities. +!e portable load factor. +!e fuel and water a)ailable. 5perating and aintenance costs.

E!!ENTIAL! OF (OOD !TEAM ;OILER A good boiler s!ould possess t!e following features . 1. +!e boiler s!ould produce t!e ini u 2. 3. ?. 5. C. $tea e(penses. a(i u weig!t of stea of t!e re2uired 2uali

production rate s!ould be as per re2uire ents.

1t s!ould be absolutel# reliable. 1t s!ould occup# ini u space.

1t s!ould be lig!t in weig!t. 1t s!ould be capable of 2uick starting.

33

A. B. 3. 10.

+!ere s!ould be an eas# access to t!e )arious parts of t!e boiler for repairs and ins +!e boiler co ponents s!ould be transportable wit!out difficult#. +!e installation of t!e boiler s!ould be si ple. +!e tubes of t!e boiler s!ould not accu ulate soot or water deposits and $!5ll sufficientl# strong to allow for' wear and corrosion.

11.

+!e water and gas circuits s!ould blLP suc! as to allow frictional losses=.

ini u

fluid )elocit# <f,

;OILER TERM!
!$ell. : +!e s!ell of a boiler consists of one or for ore steel plates bent into a c#lindrical and ri)eted or welded toget!er. +!e s!ell ends are closed wit! t!e end plates. a

!etti g: +!e pri ar# function of setting is to confine !eat to t!e boiler and for passage for gases. 1t is boilers=. (rate. 1t is t!e platfor in t!e furnace upon w!ic! fuel is burnt and it is ade of brickwork and a# for

t!e wall of t!e furnace and t!e

co bustion c!a ber. 1t also pro)ides support in so e t#pes of boilers <e.g., 8ancas!ire

ade of cast

iron bars. +!e bars are so arranged t!at air surface.

a# pass on to t!e fuel for co bustion. +!e

area of t!e grate on w!ic! t!e fire rests in a coal or wood fired boiler is called grate

F+r a-e. 1t is a c!a ber for ed b# t!e space abo)e t!e grate and below t!e boiler s!ell, in w!ic! co bustion takes place. 1t is also called a fire'bo(.

3?

8ater %pa-e a d %team %pa-e. +!e )olu e of t!e s!ell t!at is occupied b# t!e water is ter ed water space w!ile t!e entire s!ell )olu e less t!e water and tubes <if an#= space is called stea space.

Mo+ ti g% +!e ite s suc! as stop )al)e, safet# )al)es, water le)el gauges, fusible plug, blow'off cock, pressure gauges, water le)el indicator etc. are ter ed as boiler cannot work safel# wit!out t!e . A--e%%orie% +!e ite s suc! as super!eaters, econo isers, feed pu ps etc. are ter ed as accessories and t!e# for boiler. 8ater le9el: +!e le)el at w!ic! water stands in t!e boiler is called water le)el. +!e space abo)e t!e water le)el is called stea Foami g *or ation of stea tension of t!e water. !-ale A deposit of ediu to e(tre e !ardness occurring on water !eating surfaces of a space. integral part of t!e boiler. +!e# increase t!e efficienc# of t!e ountings and a

bubbles on t!e surface of boiler water due to !ig! surface

boiler because of an undesirable condition in t!e boiler water. ;lo#i g o"". +!e re o)al of t!e ud and ot!er i purities ofwate,Lo t!e lowest part of

t!e boiler <w!ere t!e# usuall# settle= is ter ed as Lblowing off. +!is is acco plis!ed wit! t!e !elp of a blow off cock or )al)e. Laggi g. 9locks of asbestos or s!ell or stea piping. aterial, suc! as fire brick or plastic fire cla#, used for agnesia insulation wrapped on t!e outside of a boiler

Re"ra-tory. A !eat insulation

suc! purposes as lining co bustion c!a bers.

35

7. FIRE T6;E ;OILER!

!imple Verti-al ;oiler : 1t consists ofa c#lindrical s!ell, t!e greater portion of w!ic! is full of water <w!ic! surrounds t!e fire bo( also= and re aining is t!e stea bo( is grate on w!ic! fuel is burnt and t!e as! fro space. At t!e botto of t!e fire it falls in t!e as! pit. L

+!e fire bo( is pro)ided wit! two cross tubes. +!is increases t!e !eating surface and t!e circulation of water. +!e cross tubes are fitted inclined. +!is ensures efficient circulation of water. At t!e ends of eac! cross tube are pro)ided !and !oles to gi)e access for cleaning t!ese tubes. +!e co bustion gases after !eating t!e water and t!us con)erting it into stea escape to t!e at osp!ere t!roug! t!e c!i ne#. 4an !ole, is pro)ided to clean t!e interior of t!e boiler and e(terior of t!e co bustion c!a ber and c!i ne#.

Fig. 7.1 : Fire T+4e ;oiler

3C

<. !TEAM T6R;INE

+!e stea turbine is a pri e' o)er in w!ic! t!e potential energ# of t!e stea is

transfor ed into kinetic energ#, and latter in its turn is transfor ed into t!e reduction gearing is connected wit! t!e dri)en dri)en t!e ec!anis a stea turbine

ec!anical

energ# of rotation of t!e turbine s!aft. +!e turbine s!aft, directl# or wit! t!e !elp of a ec!anis . Depending on t!e t#pe of t!e ost di)erse fields of industr#, for into eans. a# be utiliEed in

power generation and for transport. +ransfor ation of t!e potential energ# of stea ec!anical energ# of rotation of s!aft is broug!t about b# different

Classifications <a= <b= <c= +!e co 1. 2. +!e 1 pulse. "eaction. Co bination of i pulse and reaction. on t#pes of stea turbines are.

$i ple i pulse turbine. "eaction turbine. ain difference between t!ese turbines lies in t!e wa# in w!ic! t!e stea o)es t!roug! t!e . 1n t!e for er t#pe stea o)es o)er t!e blades w!ile in t!e latter t#pe t!e stea is

e(panded w!ile it

e(pands in t!e noEEles

and its presure does not alter as it pressure during e(pansion.

e(pands continuousl# as it passes o)er t!e blades and t!us t!ere is gradual fall in t!e

3A

>. !TEAM NO==LE!

A stea noEEle a# be defined as a passage of )ar#ing cross'section, t!roug! w!ic! !eat is con)erted to kinetic energ#. 1ts a-or function is to produce a stea turbines. A turbine noEEle perfor s two functions. <obtained fro stea generating unit=

energ# of stea

-et wit! !ig! )elocit# to dri)e stea <i=

1t transfor s a portion of energ# of stea into kinetic energ#.

<ii=

1n t!e i pulse turbine it directs t!e stea w!ic! are free to

-et of !ig! )elocit# against blades, o)e, disc!arge !ig! )elocit# otion and

o)e in order to con)ert kinetic energ# into s!aft work. 1n against t!e noEEle produces

reaction turbines t!e noEEles w!ic! are free to stea . +!e reacti)e force of t!e stea work is obtained.

+!e cross'section of a noEEle at first tapers to a s aller section <to allow for c!anges w!ic! occur due to c!anges in )elocit#, specific )olu e and dr#ness fraction as t!e stea e(pands= N t!e s allest section being known as t!roat, and t!en it di)erges to a large dia eter. +!e noEEle w!ic! con)erges to t!roat and di)erges after wards is known as con)ergent'di)ergent noEEle. con)ergent noEEle t!ere is no di)ergence after t!e t!roat.

1n a con)ergent'di)ergent noEEle, because of t!e !ig!er e(pansion ratio, addition of di)ergent portion produces stea at !ig!er )elocities as co pare to a con)ergent noEEle.

3B

Fig. >.1 Co 9erge t No??le

33

@. PRE!!6RE (A6(E
+!e function of a pressure gauge is to gauge'is usuall# constructed to indicate upto double t!e to read pressures in kgfDc
2

easure t!e pressure e(erted inside t!e )essel. +!e a(i u working pressure. 1ts dial is graduated t#pe

ounted on t!e front top of t!e s!ell or t!e dru . 1t is usuall# <or bar= gauge <i. e., abo)e at osp!eric=. +!ere are two

t#pes of pressure gauges. <i= 9ourdon tube pressure gauge and <ii= Diap!rag pressure.

pressure gauge. A pointer, w!ic! rotates o)er a circular graduated scale, indicates t!e

Fig. @.1 Pre%%+re (a+ge

?0

B. !AFETY VALVE!
+!e function of a safet# )al)e is to release t!e e(cess stea w!en t!e pressure of stea inside t!e

inside t!e boiler e(ceeds t!e rated pressure. As soon as t!e pressure of stea

boiler e(ceeds t!e rated pressure t!e safet# )al)e auto aticall# opens and e(cess stea rus!es out into t!e at osp!ere till t!e pressure drops down to t!e nor al )alue. A safet# )al)e is generall# ounted on t!e top of t!e s!ell. ust be fitted at least wit! two safet# )al)es. +!e As per boiler regulations e)er# boiler 1. 2. 3. ?. Dead weig!t safet# )al)e. 8e)er safet# )al)e. $pring loaded safet# )al)e. ,ig! stea and low water safet# )al)e.

)arious t#pes of safet# )al)es are enu erated and discussed as follows .

?1

1C. TDERMAL PO8ER !TATION

A t!er al power station is a power plant in w!ic! t!e pri e 0ater is !eated, turns into stea t!e turbine, t!e stea and spins a stea

o)er is stea

dri)en.

turbine w!ic! eit!er dri)es an

electrical generator or does so e ot!er work, like s!ip propulsion. After it passes t!roug! is condensed in a condenser and rec#cled to w!ere it was !eatedN energ# center t!is is known as a "ankine c#cle. +!e greatest )ariation in t!e design of t!er al power stations is due to t!e different fuel sources. $o e prefer to use t!e ter because suc! facilities con)ert for s of !eat energ# into electrical energ#.

?2

LAYO6T OF PO8ER PLANT

?3

11. CONCL6!ION
Da odar Valle# Corporation is t!e leading co pan# of 1ndia in t!e business of 7ower 7roduction. +!e co pan# ,.Q. is located at Kolkata. +!e co pan# is )er# fast growing toda#. 0!ile conducting :nits and done da#s of an# # training 1 !a)e learnt a lot regarding 7ower 7roduction > 1ts a# be ostl# learnt about wires anufacturing process. 1 !a)e e in ore detail of w!ic! !as alread# been gi)en in t!is report w!ic!

read as part of t!is report. 1 !a)e

# dut# during training wit!

# !eart > soul and can ne)er forget t!ese golden

# stud#. 1 assure t!at t!e t!ings w!ic! 1 learnt in t!e co pan# will !elp

future career. ,ence best of luck to Da odar Valle# Corporation.

??

1'. REFERENCE!
www.google.co www.da odar)all#corp.co www.wikipedia.co www.t!er alpowerplant.co www.#a!oo'answers.co www.alta')ista.co www.engg123.co

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