TOOLS AND MACHINES USED IN CARPENTRY LAB

1. Tools a. Tenon Saw The tenon saw has teeth in a similar pattern to a cross cut saw but with 1214 teeth per 25 mm. It is used for cutting joints and general bench work. There is a reinforcing strip along the top of the blade made from steel or brass to keep the saw rigid. Tenon saws are typically 300 mm to 350 mm long. There is no special virtue in brass or steel for the reinforcement, except that brass is kept clean more easily. Panel saws are used for cutting plywood, large tenons and most fine work (e.g. on polished materials). They are obtainable up to 600 mm long. The teeth are practically the same as the cross cut saw, but usually there are 712 teeth per 25 mm. G clamps take their name from their shape, which resembles the letter G. They come in various sizes and forms, and may include a quick-release mechanism but they all have a fixed end and an adjustable end. They are very versatile and particularly useful for clamping workpieces to the bench to allow operations to be carried out such as routing or sawing. Again, pieces of scrap material can be used as packers to prevent damage to the work.

b. Panel Saw

c. G Clamp

d. Chisel As with saws, chisels are available in a variety of shapes and sizes. The ones that you are most likely to use are described below. Like all edge tools, chisels work best when they are very sharp. This ensures less effort needed to cut, which enables greater accuracy. With their sharper cutting edges, chisels can be a dangerous implement to work with if not used properly. Make sure that you carry chisels by the handle, and when passing a chisel to a colleague, safely hold the blade while offering the handle. Marking gauge is a tool used to mark lines parallel to the edge of a wooden piece. It consists of a square wooden stem with a sliding wooden stem with a sliding wooden stock (head) on it. On the stem is fitted with a marking pin, made of steel. The stock is set at desired distance from the marking point and fixed in position by a screw. It must be ensured that marking pin projects through the stem 3mm and the end is sharp enough to make a very fine line. A bar clamp as shown in the following figure is made of steel bar of T-section,with malleable iron fitting and a steel screw. It is used for holding wide works such as frames or tops.

e. Marking Gauge

f.

Bar Clamp

g. Claw Hammer It has a striking flat face at one end and the claw at the other, as shown in the figures. The face is used to drive nails into wood and for other striking purposes and the claw extracting relatively large nails out of the wood. It is usually made up of cast iron. A mallet made up of wood or rubber is like a hammer used to drive the chisel with considerable force to be applied, which may be the case in making deep rough cuts. Further, it is advisable to apply a series of light taps with the mallet rather than a heavy single blow.

h. Mallet

2. Machines

Type of Portable Machines :-

Electric Jig Saw Usage : To shaped the soft wood to desire shape. To cut off the plywood or others soft wood.

The result after using electric jig saw :-

Portable Sander Usage : To smooth the wood surface. To make a good finishing to the wood. The wood will be easier to paint after sander it.

The result after using sander machine :-

Edge Bending Usage : To shaped the side or the corner of the wood.

The result after using edge bending machine :-

Portable Drill
Usage : To make a hole on the wood before we insert the bolts and nuts. This machine only suitable for soft wood.

Type of Static Machines :-

Radial Arm Saw Usage : To cut half of the wood. Suitable for the thicker wood.

10

Circular Saw
Usage : To cut off the wood. Suitable for thicker or hard wood.

Drilling Machine Usage : To make a circle hole at the hard wood to insert the bolts and nuts.

11

Motising Machine Usage : To make the square shape on the hard wood before we do the mortise and tenon joint.

12