Task 1 Womanblast ('gust of wind or air'), sister, glove, lady, tooth, always, slow, green, know, daisy, sand,

long, grass, flood, boy, seven, high, eat, sheriff, widow, answer, life, lip, call, swine, small, bird, corn, silver, ten, day, lord, ship, we, bench, sun, girl Indo-European origin -Blast (from PIE *bhle- "to blow," probably a variant of root *bhel- (2) "to blow, inflate, swell") -Sister ( from PIE *swesor) -Glove (*lep- "be flat; palm, sole, shoulder blade") -Tooth (*dont-/*dent"tooth") -Green (PIE root *ghre"grow", through sense of "color of living plants" -Know (PIE root *gno- "to know") -Sand (*bhs-amadho-, suffixed form of root *bhes"to rub." -Long ( *dlonghos- from root *del- "long") -Grass (*ghros- "young shoot, sprout," from root *ghre- "to grow, become green") -Flood (verbal stem *pleu"flow, float") -Seven (septm) -Eat (root *ed- "to eat") -Widow (widhewo - from root weidh- to separate) -Life (*leip- "to remain, persevere, continue; stick, adhere") -Lip (*leb- "to lick; lip") -Call (PIE root *gal- "to call, scream, shriek, shout") -Swine (*su-) -Small (root *(s)melo"smaller animal") -Corn (PIE root *gre-noComon Germanic -Blast (bles) (cf. Old Norse blastr, Old High German blast "a blowing, blast," German blasen, Gothic blesan "to blow") -Glove (from Proto-Ger galofo, from *ga- refix + *lofi "hand") -Tooth (*tanth, *tunth) -Green (from West Germanic *gronja-) -Know (from Proto-Ger *knew-Sand (from Proto-Ger sandam) -Long (from Proto-Ger langgaz) -Grass (grasan) -Flood (*flothuz) -Seven (sebun) -High (*haukhaz) -Eat (etanan) -Widow (*widewo) -Life (*libam properly "continuance, perseverance" -Lip (lepjon) -Call (*kallojanan) -Swine (swinan) - Small (*smal- "small animal; small") -Corn (*kurnam "small seed") -Silver (*silubra-) -Ten (*tekhan) -Day (*dagaz) -Ship (skipam) -We (wiz) English words proper -Woman (wimman) (literally "woman-man," alteration of wifman, a compound of wif "woman" (wife) + man "human being") -Old English blst "blowing, breeze, puff of wind," -Sister (from Old.Eng sweostor, swuster) -Glove (Old.Eng glof "glove, covering for the hand," also "palm of the hand) -Lady (lafdi, lavede, from Old.English hlfdige "mistress of a household, wife of a lord," literally "one who kneads bread," from hlaf "bread" + -dige "maid") -Tooth ( lto (plural te)) -Always (compound of Old.Eng phrase ealne weg "always, quite, perpetually," literally "all the way". The adverbial genitive -s appeared early 13c) -Slow (slawian (intransitive) "to be or become slow, be sluggish) -Green (grene "green, young, immature, raw," earlier groeni) -Know (cnawan "to know, perceive; acknowledge, declare") -Daisy (dgesege, from dges eage "day's eye," because the petals open at dawn and close at dusk) -Sand (sand) -Long ("that extends considerably from end to end," Old English lang) -Grass (grs, grs "herb, plant, grass) -Flood (flod "a flowing of water, flood, an overflowing of land by water) -Boy (boie "servant, commoner, knave, boy," of unknown origin) -Seven (seofon) -High (heh (Anglian), heah (West Saxon) "of great height, lofty, tall, exalted, high-class") -Eat (etan, "to eat, devour, consume,")

"grain") -Ten (*dekm) -Day (dhegh) -Ship (PIE root *skei- "to cut, split) -We (wei-) -Bench (PIE root *bheg- "to break.") -Sun (s(u)wen) -Girl (*ghwrgh-, also found in Greek parthenos "virgin."

-Bench (*bankiz "bank of earth," perhaps here "man-made earthwork," later "bench, table") -Sun (sunnon) -Girl (*gurwilon-, diminutive of *gurwjoz)

-Sheriff (scirgerefa "representative of royal authority in a shire," from scir + gerefa "chief, official, reeve") -Widow (widewe, widuwe) -Answer (answarian "to answer") -Life (life (dative lif) "existence, lifetime, way of life, condition of being a living thing, opposite of death") -Lip (lippa) -Call (ceallian "to call, shout," less common than clipian; replaced by related Old Norse kalla "to cry loudly") -Swine (swin "pig, hog") -Small (sml "thin, slender, narrow; fine") -Bird (bird, rare collateral form of bridd, originally "young bird, nestling") -Corn ("grain," Old English corn) -Silver (seolfor, Mercian sylfur "silver; money") -Ten (ten (Mercian), tien (West Saxon)) -Day (dg "day," also "lifetime") -Lord (hlaford "master of a household, ruler, superior," also "God") -Ship (scip "ship, boat,") -We (we) -Bench (benc "long seat,") -Sun (sunne) -Girl (*gyrele)

Task 2 1) father (n) < OE fder 'a male parent of a child or animal'; the lexical as well as grammatical valency of the word father is male ancestor. The word can be used in different sentence patterns in various meanings: - His father was born in England. - George Washington is the father of his country - Men often father children but don't recognize them the word father has extended its semantic structure by acquiring new meanings and is now a pokysemantic word:
a person who founds a line or family - a respectful term of address for an old man - a male who originates something - a leader of an association, council, - `Father' is a term of address for priests in some churches

2) sing (v) < OE singan 'utter with musical inflexions of the voice';

("to chant, sing, celebrate, or tell in song,") - To perform a song to a accompaniment: to sing to a guitar - to tell a story or tale in song (about) : I sing of a maiden. - to tell (something) or give praise: The poet who sings of the Trojan dead. - to make a whining, ringing, or whistling sound the kettle is singingthe arrow sang past his ear - to bring to a given state by singing to sing a child to sleep 3) lord (n) < OE hlaford 'bread-keeper'; ("master of a household, ruler, superior,") 4) high (adj) < OE hah 'of great vertical extent'; ("hill.") 5) make (v) < OE macian 'bring into existence, subject to an operation'; ("to fashion, fit") 6) book (n) < OE bc 'beech' (on which runes were carved); 7) silly (adj) < OE slig 'deserving of pity or sympathy'; 8) stand (v) < OE standan 'assume or maintain an erect position on the feet; be upright'; 9) old (adj) < OE eald (ald) 'grown-ip, adult'; 10) head (n) < OE hafod 'anterior (in amn upper) part of the body, containing the mouth, sense organs, and brain'. Task 3 - Lord: to lord, lordy, lordship, lordly, lord-in-waiting, lordliness, lordling, lordlike, lordless, landlord, overlord, milord. - Hat: to hat, hatless, hatlessness, hatlike - Red: to red, redly, infra-red, red-hot, red-handed, red-light, red-blindness, red-legged, blood-red, red-neck, rose-red. - Grass: to grass, grassless, grasslike, grassward, undergrass, ungrassed, couch-grass, grass-cutter, grass-cutting, after-grass, grass-grown, grassland, grassland, grassy, grass-feeding,dog-grass. - To feed: feed, to underfeed, to stall-feed, feeder, self-feeding, food, overfeed, feedable, outfeed, refeed, unfeedable, - Quick: quickness, quickly, unquick, unquickly, unquickness, double-quick, quick-eyed, quick-sighted, to quicken, quickie, overquick, quick-time, quick-change, Stone: to stone, stoned, stonewall, stonemason, toadstone, stonable, stoneless, stonelessness, stonelike, stoner, tombstone. To feel: feel, feeling, feelingly, feeler, overfeel, refeel, fellow-feeling, ill-feeling, unfeeling. Heavy: heavy-handed, heavy-duty, heavyweight, heaviness, overheaviness, overheavy, ultraheavy, unheaviness. To look: odd-looking, well-looking, look-alike, look-see, looker, look-out, onlooker, outlook, to overlook, unlooked, goodlooker, ill-looking.

Task 4 1. I'm sure I can finish the article - I just need to get my head down this afternoon. (head) , - , . The phraseological unit to get ones head down

2. I'm afraid Lisa's family do not stand a chance. I doubt if their advisers will let tham take it to court. (stand) . , . The phraseological unit to stand sth

3. You know Jack. He can't help chatting up any pretty girl he meets. It doesn't mean a thing, but if you don't like it why not show him it's a game that two can play. (two) . . , , , , . The phraseological unit two can play

4. The small fry are soon going to be pushed out of business by all these multinationals. (small) . The phraseological unit a small fry

5. The organization that looked so solid and dependable turned out to be a house of cards. (house) , . The phraseological unit a house of cards

6. It really knocked me for six when my ex-boyfriend announced he was getting married. (six) , , . The phraseological unit to knock sb for six

7. Malcolm, who is quiet but determined young rider, has now made his mark on the international show jumping front. (made) , , , . The phraseological unit to make sth on

8. I swept the floor and polished the table, and then, for good measure, I cleaned the windows. (good) , , , . The phraseological unit good measure

9. He was very much the blue-eyed boy in the office. (boy) . The phraseological unit a blue-eyed boy

10. She criticized the members of the committee for debate for sitting on the fence and failing to make a useful contribution to the debate. (sitting) . The phraseological unit to sit on the fence

11. The legal difference between negligence and recklessness is a bit of a grey area. (grey) . The phraseological unit a grey area

12. If the insurance company won't pay for the damage, I'll be up a tree. (tree) , . The phraseological unit to be up a tree.

task 5 1) obelisk < L obliscus < Gr obeliskos; The word was borrowed into Eng.language indirectly from Latin, whereas the origin of the borrowing is Greek. 2) please (v) < ME plaise, plese < OF plaisir < L placre; The word was borrowed into Eng.language indirectly, i.e through another language. The source of the borrowing is Old French, whereas the origin of the borrowing is Latin. 3) easy < ME < aisie The word was borrowed into Eng.language indirectly, i.e through another language. The origin of the borrowing is Old French. 4) character < ME caracter < OF caractere < L character < Gr kharakter; The word was borrowed into Eng.language indirectly, i.e through another language. The sources of the borrowing are Old French and Latin, whereas the origin of the borrowing is Greek. 5) poor < ME povere, pore < OF povre < L pauper; The word was borrowed into Eng.language indirectly, i.e through another language. The source of the borrowing is Old French, whereas the origin of the borrowing is Latin. 6) averse < L aversus; The word was borrowed into Eng.language directly from Latin. 7) climate < (O)F climat or L clima, climat < Gr mania; The word was borrowed into Eng.language indirectly, i.e through another language. The source of the borrowing is Old French, whereas the origin of the borrowing is Greek. 8) mania < ME < L mania < Gr mania; The word was borrowed into Eng.language indirectly, i.e through another language. The source of the borrowing is Latin, whereas the origin of the borrowing is Greek. 9) hurricane < Sp hurrican; The word was borrowed into Eng,language directly from Spanish 10) risk < F risque < It risco; The word was borrowed into Eng.language indirectly, i.e through another language. The source of the borrowing is French, whereas the origin of the borrowing is Italian 11) fate < It fato < L fatum; The word was borrowed into Eng.language indirectly, i.e through Italian, whereas the origin of the borrowing is Latin. 12) dame < (O)F damner < L damnare; The word was borrowed into Eng.language indirectly, i.e through another language. The source of the borrowing is Old French, whereas the origin of the borrowing is Latin. 13) obese < L obesus; The word was borrowed into Eng.language directly from Latin.

14) tender < OF tender < L tener; The word was borrowed into Eng.language indirectly, i.e through another language. The source of the borrowing is Old French, whereas the origin of it is Latin. 15) gnosis < Gr gnosis; The word was borrowed into Eng.language directly from Greek. 16) alarm < ME < OF alarme < It allarme. The word was borrowed into Eng.language indirectly, i.e through another language. The source of the borrowing is Old French, whereas the origin of it is Italian.

Task 6 cup ... i to cast ... b anemia ... i samovar ... f Avon ...a kindergarten ... i banana ... g law ... i government ... d violin ...h halt i (romanic) fellow ...e+b London ...a promenade ...d

criterion ...e armada ...g Exe ... cosmonaut ...f/e anger ...i motto ...h power ...d candle ...b mosquito ...g waltz ...i hormone ...e plant ...b verst ... f to take ...c

wall...b eponym ...e Kilbride ... guerilla ...d poodle ...i lieutenant ...d tornado ...g the Downs ... kvass ...f bandit ...h interior ...b+d restaurant ...d tundra ... f gondola ...h

Task 7 Identify the period of borrowing of the French, Greek, russian and German words given in task 6. MODEL: muzhik, stroll The word muzhik was borrowed from Russian in the 17th century. The word troll was borrowed from German in the 17th century. - criterion (n.) 1660s, from Latinized form of Greek kriterion "means for judging, standard," from krites "judge," from PIE root *krei- (see crisis). Used in English as a Greek word from 1610s. - eponym (n.) one whose name becomes that of a place, a people, an era, an institution, etc., 1846, from Greekeponymos "given as a name, giving one's name to

something," from epi "upon" (see epi-) + onyma, Aeolic dialectal variant of onoma "name" (see name (n.)). hormone (n.) 1905, from Greek hormon "that which sets in motion," present participle of horman "impel, urge on," from horme "onset, impulse," from PIE *or-sma-, from root *er- "to move, set in motion." Used by Hippocrates to denote a vital principle; modern meaning coined by English physiologist Ernest Henry Starling (1866-1927). Jung used horme (1915) in reference to hypothetical mental energy that drives unconscious activities and instincts. government (n.) late 14c., "act of governing or ruling;" 1550s, "system by which a thing is governed" (especially a state), from Old French governement (Modern French gouvernement), from governer (see govern). Replaced Middle English governance. Meaning "governing power" in a given place is from 1702. promenade (n.) 1560s, "leisurely walk," from Middle French promenade (16c.), from se promener "go for a walk," from Late Latin prominare "to drive (animals) onward," from pro- "forth" (see pro-) + minare "to drive (animals) with shouts," from minari "to threaten" (see menace (n.)). Meaning "place for walking" is 1640s; specifically "walkway by the sea" late 18c.; British sense of "music hall favored by 'loose women and the simpletons who run after them'" is attested from 1863. Sense of "dance given by a school" is from 1887. lieutenant (n.) late 14c., "one who takes the place of another," from Old French lieu tenant "substitute, deputy," literally "placeholder," from lieu "place" (see lieu) + tenant, present participle of tenir "to hold" (see tenant). The notion is of a "substitute" for higher authority. Specific military sense of "officer next in rank to a captain" is from 1570s. Pronunciation with lef- is common in Britain, and spellings to reflect it date back to 14c., but the origin of this is a mystery (OED rejects suggestion that it comes from old confusion of -u-and -v-).