Function

Reproduction, beginning with pollination and fertilization. Advertisement and rewards to lure a pollinator. Horticultural uses Aesthetic qualities Cut flowers and potted blooming plants Edible flowers and herbs lant identification

!tructure istil " Central female organ of the flower. #t is generall$ bowling%pin shaped and located in the center of the flower. !tigma " Receives pollen, t$picall$ flattened and stic&$ !t$le " Connective tissues between stigma and ovar$ 'var$ " Contains ovules or embr$o sacs 'vules " (nfertilized, immature seeds !tamen " )ale flower organ Anthers " ollen%producing organs Filament " *tal& supporting anthers etals " (suall$ colorful petal%li&e structures ma&ing up the +flower,, collectivel$ called the corolla. -he$ ma$ contain perfume and nectar glands. !epals " rotective leaf%li&e enclosures for the flower buds, usuall$ green, collectivel$ called calyx. !ometimes highl$ colored li&e the petal as in iris. Receptacle " .ase of the flower edicel " Flower stal& of an individual flower in an inflorescence

Figure /. arts of a flower

)onocot or *icot Flower -he number of sepals and petals is used in plant identification. *icots t$picall$ have sepals and petals in fours, fives, or multiples thereof. )onocots t$picall$ have flower parts in threes or multiples of three.

Figure 0. )onocot and dicot flowers.

-erms *efining Flower arts

-erms referring to flowers Complete " Flower containing sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil #ncomplete " Flower lac&ing sepals, petals, stamens, and1or pistils erfect " Flowers containing male and female parts #mperfect " Flowers that lac& either male or female parts istillate " Flowers containing onl$ female parts !taminate " Flowers containing onl$ male parts -erms referring to plants Hermaphroditic " lants with perfect flowers 2apples, tulips3 )onoecious " lants with separate male flowers and female flowers on the same plant 2corn, squash, and pine3 *ioecious " lants with male flowers and female flowers on separate plants 2maple, holl$, and salt brush3 4$noecious " lants with onl$ female flowers Andromonoecious " lants with onl$ male flowers

#nflorescence 2flower arrangement on a stem3

Cat&in 2ament3 " A spi&e with onl$ pistillate or staminate flowers 2alder, poplar, walnut, and willows3

Composite or Head " A dais$%t$pe flower composed of ra$ flowers 2usuall$ sterile with attractive, colored petals3 around the edge and disc flowers that develop into seed in center of the flat head 2sunflower and aster3 'n some composites, the ra$ and disc flowers are similar 2chr$santhemums and dahlias3

Cor$mb " !temlets 2pedicels3 arranged along main stem. 'uter florets have longer pedicals than inner florets giving the displa$ a flat top. 2$arrow, crabapple3

C$me " A determinate, flat or conve5 flower, with inner floret opening first.

anicle " An indeterminate flower with repeated branching. #t can be made up of racemes, spi&es, cor$mbs, or umbels. 2begonia3

Raceme " A modification of a spi&e with flowers attached to a main stem 2peduncle3 b$ stemlets 2pedicel3. 2snapdragon, bleeding heart, Canterbur$ bells3

!olitar$ 2or single3 " 'ne flower per stem 2tulip, crocus3

!padi5 " !how$ part is a bract or spathe, partiall$ surrounding the male and female flowers inside. 2calla, caladium3

!pi&e " Flowers attached to main stem, without stemlets, bottom florets open first. 2gladiolus, a6uga and ga$feather3

(mbel " Florets with stemlets attached to main stem at one central point, forming a flat or rounded top. 'uter florets open first. 2dill, onion3

!$mmetrical " !$mmetrical flowers 2lil$3

As$mmetrical " As$mmetrical flowers 2snapdragon3

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A.

/. #t provides a platform for the se5ual reproductive s$stem of the plant 2androecium % male and g$noecium % female3 % both monoecious and diecious flowers. @ithin the flower pollen and ovules are produced normall$ through the process of meiosis. ollination ta&es place and ovules form into seeds, with the swollen ovar$ normall$ forming into a fruit 2or seed pod3. Flowers are a feature normall$ associated with angiosperms, and cones characteristic of g$mnosperms. 0. #t provides a mechanism to attract pollinators to facilitate pollination 2petals3 % monoecious flowers and diecious flowers. Flowers provide a visual attractant to man$ pollinators 2insects, birds, animals etc.3, this is also sometimes in con6unction with a scented attractant such as nectar. -hese sensor$ AluresA attract insects which then transfer pollen between the flowers and facilitate pollination 2either cross pollination or self pollination3. 9. #t provides a platform for fertilized ovules to develop and be distributed as fruit and seeds % monoecious flowers and female diecious flowers onl$. )onoecious B having both se5es 2male and female3 on the same flower *iecious B having separate se5ed flowers 2male flowers and female flowers3