I choice this sculpture, it is because teacher has taught nearly's sculpture "Menkaure and his queen painted grey

slate". I hope can easily to understand what meanings of this graywacke sculpture.It is come from Fifth king of the 4th Dynasty. We can see 3 peoples is standing.

Center is Menkaure. Menkaure is the son of Khafre and the grandson of Khufu of Dynasty IV. He bore the titles Kakhet and Hornub. There are doubts

that Menkaure could be the son of Khafre, because the Turin Papyrus mentioned a name of a king between Menkaure and Khafre, but the name was smashed. A Middle Kingdom text written on a rock at Wadi Hamamat includes the names of the kings: Khufu, Djedefre, Khafre, Hordedef and Bauefre. This text indicates to some that Hordedef and Bauefre ruled after Khafre. But it seems that their names were not written as kings because Menkaure's names were not mentioned. It has been suggested that Hordedef's name was mentioned because was a wise educated man in this period and perhaps Bauefre was a vizier. Menkaure ruled for 18 years. There are two inscriptions found in his pyramid complex. The rst was a decree bearing the Horus name of Merenre of Dynasty VI. The decree stated that the Valley Temple was in use until the end of the Old Kingdom. The objects found in some of the storage rooms of the temples show that the king's cult was maintained and

that the temple had a dual function as a temple and a palace. The Greek historian also wrote that the Egyptians loved Menkaure more than his father and grandfather. The Late Period tales were based on Menkaure's reputation during the Old Kingdom. He ruled with justice, gave freedom to his ofcials to carve statues and make offerings, and stopped the rm rules. (Reference-01) Left hand side is his wife Khamerernebty II appearing as Hathor. Hathor symbolizes rebirth. In Egyptian mythology, Hathor (Egyptian for House of Horus) was originally a personication of the Milky Way, which was seen as the milk that owed from the udders of a heavenly cow. Hathor was an ancient goddess, worshipped as a cow-deity from at least 2700 BC, during the

2nd dynasty, and possibly even by the Scorpion King. The name Hathor refers to the encirclement by her, in the form of the Milky Way, of the night sky and consequently of the god of the sky, Horus. She was originally seen as the daughter of Ra, the creator whose own cosmic birth was formalised as the Ogdoad cosmogeny.An alternate name for her, which persisted for 3,000 years, was Mehturt (also spelt Mehurt, Mehet-Weret, and Mehet-uret), meaning great ood, a direct reference to her being the milky way. The Milky Way was seen as a waterway in the heavens, sailed upon by both the sun god and the king, leading the Egyptians to describe it as The Nile in the Sky. Due to this, and the name mehturt, she was identied as responsible for the yearly

inundation of the Nile. Another consequence of this name is that she was seen as a herald of imminent birth, as when the amniotic sac breaks and oods its waters, it is a medical indicator that the child is due to be born extremely soon. Hathor was also favored as a protector in desert regions. Some Egyptologists associate Hathor with articial light as evidenced by what has been purported to be a representation of an electric lamp in a temple dedicated to her worship. Though other scholars believe the representation to be that of a lotus ower, spawning a snake within. (References-02) Right hand side is Goddess of the seventeenth nome of Egypt. Goddess of Motherhood As a provider of milk, and due to cows careful tending of their calves, the cow was a universal symbol of motherhood, and so Hathor became goddess of motherhood,

gaining titles such as 'The Great Cow Who Protects Her Child' and 'Mistress of the Sanctuary of Women.' Because of the aspect of motherhood, her priests were oracles, predicting the fate of the newborn, and midwives delivering them. As a mother, since she enclosed the sky, she was seen as the mother of Horus. Symbolically she became the divine mother of the pharaoh, who was identied as Horus. Since Horus's wife was Isis, Hathor was sometimes said to be her mother, although it was more accurate to say she was her mother in law. As Horus was also said to be the son of Ra, Hathor was identied as Ra's wife (Ra created her in a non-sexual manner), gaining the title Mistress of Heaven. Having been identied as Ra's wife, it was said she arose from Ra's tears, and thus was identied as the Eye of Ra. In art, Hathor was often depicted as a golden

cow (sometimes covered in stars), with the titles Cow of Gold, and The one who shines like gold, or as a woman with the ears of a cow and a headdress of horns holding the sundisc, which represented Ra. Also, Hathor was sometimes identied as a hippopotamus, which the Egyptians also considered quite motherly creatures, and sometimes as an aquatic form of the cow. In her position as divine mother to the pharaoh, Hathor was sometimes depicted as a cow standing in a boat (representing the boat of Ra with which he, as the sun, crosses through the sky), surrounded by tall papyrus reeds (as were common in the Nile delta), with the pharaoh often pictured as a calf standing next to her. As divine mother, she was also represented with, or as, an uraeus, a stylised cobra, which symbolised royal power. Sometimes, the local depictions of Hathor, with their slight variations on emphasising

certain features, were treated separately, and seven of them, any seven, which was perceived as a mystical number (it divides the lunar month into 4 equal parts, and was the number of known planets at the time), named by their different titles, were considered special if gathered together. These Seven Hathors, in Hathor's context as a mother, were said to dress in disguise as young women, and attend the birth of a child, and then one by one announce aspects of his fate. In later centuries, this 7-fold aspect of Hathor was identied as the Pleiades. (References-03) This sculpture is make of graywacke. It is symbolizes eternal. This sculpture Menkaure is stand on the center. In proportion center is bigger than the left hand side his wife Khamerernebty II and right hand side Goddess of the seventeenth. Bigger size is means important, is position noble, is the king of eggy. Their face is same.

It is idealism. Artist use curve line to make their hair texture, use organic shapes to make their muscle. Skin is actual texture is very smooth. Menkaure hand in hand with Khamerernebty II on behalf of their relationship. Menkaure and Khamerernebty II is husband and wife relationship. Artist use horizontal line and oblique line to make a clothe pattern and texture. Menkaure and his wife's right leg is same step forward. The meaning is Menkaure can carry his wife Khamerernebty II to go to eternal life. On the graywacke ground have egy words. We can read egy kings logo nearly Menkaure. Artist use curve line make a cow horn on Khamerernebty II's head. Use geometric shapes, circle to make a sun disk. The principles of design. This sculpture is symmetrical balance. Focal point on center, it is because Menkaure is bigger than the others things. That on behalf of Menkaure is supreme. Why Artist use graywacke , it is because

graywacke is hard materials. Hard materials means of eternal a eternal life. In that times position noble's peoples. About theirs sculpture's body scale is not real. Artist must make position noble sculpture's body look so good and strong. Let the king's sculpture have strong body. Strong body can rule his country. Khamerernebty II and Goddess, their head same have cow symbols. Cow symbolizes is birth and rebirth. In this sculpture. We know king want to have eternal life. So cow on behalf of life. They let us know what they thinking on this sculpture and let us know egy culture. References: 1) http://www.crystalinks.com/dynasty4.html 2) http://www.crystalinks.com/hathor.html 3) http://www.crystalinks.com/hathor.html