Madison Keck Part 2: Lab You will be given a hydrated compound by your teacher, however the number of water

molecules in the hydrated compound is missing from the label. Your job is to determine the formula of the hydrated compound by determining the number of water molecules that attach to a formula unit. Then state the formula of the hydrated compound and name this compound.

Mass Before heating After 1st heating After 2nd heating 4.896g 3.008g 2.997g

Empty crucible- 16.983g, with: 21.879g -> 4.896g Copper + H2O first heating with crucible- 19.991g, just copper sulfate: 3.008g second heating with crucible- 19.980g, just copper sulfate: 2.997g CuSo4: 2.997 H2O: 1.899 2.997g CuSO4 = 1 Mol CuSO4/ 159.61g CuSO4 = 0.01877 Mol CuSO4 1.899g H2O = 1 Mol H2O/ 18.01g H2O = 0.1054 Mol H2O 0.01877 CuSO4 : 0.1054 Mol H2O = 1 CuSO4 : 5.6 H2O

Procedure: -Weigh the crucible and weigh the crucible with copper (II) sulfate. Subtract to find the mass of just the compound. - Place crucible with compound on triangle to prevent from falling and light the fire to heat the compound. - Measure mass of crucible with compound after first heating. Subtract mass of crucible to find the mass of copper (ii) sulfate after first heating. - Place crucible with copper (II) sulfate back on the triangle and start second heating. - Measure the mass of crucible and compound after second heating. Subtract mass of crucible to find mass of copper (II) sulfate after second heating. Materials: - Crucible. - Triangle.

- Gas lighter - Copper (II) Sulfate.

Discussion Questions: Make sure to address the following questions in your discussion section: Would the error cause your ratio to increase or decrease? 1. What was the actual ratio you obtained (with all significant digits)? What was your rounded ratio to whole numbers? Is your actual ratio higher or lower than the rounded ratio? Research what the actual ratio should be. Is your answer too high or too low? What is the percent error? Our actual ratio that we obtained from the lab was 1 CuSO4 x 5.6 H2O and our rounded ratio is CuSO4 x 6H2O. This is a higher ratio than the actual ratio because the actual actual ratio should be CuSO4 x 5H2O. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_ratio_of_water_to_copper_sulfate#slide 2 2. How would your ratio change if you did not dehydrate the compound fully? If we didnt dehydrate the compound fully the mass of copper (II) sulfate would increase and the ratio for the Copper Sulfate would be higher while water would decrease. 3. Suppose some of the compound fell out of the test tube before heating but after massing. How would that change your ratio? The mass after heating would decrease when you measure the mass for a second time. The ratio for water would be larger than it actually is and the ratio would have a higher water. 4. How would your ratio change if the test tube was wet when the hydrated compound was added to it at the beginning of the experiment? We would end up calculating more water than there actually is, the ratio for water would be larger and the ratio difference would be bigger because the amount copper (II) sulphate would still be the same. 5. How would your ratio relate to another groups who used the same compound, if you used 2.0 grams and they used 2.5grams? The ratio would still be the same because the other group would have the same amount of water to every copper (II) sulphate except they would have more water and more copper (II) sulphate in their measurements. 6. Suggest what might happen if you left the anhydrous compound to sit overnight before weighing it for your data?

The amount of water in the anhydrous compound may decrease because the water might evaporate overnight and when you weigh the data in the morning the ratio for water would be less than if you measured it on the current day. 7. If you could improve this lab, what you do differently and why? Discuss at least three feasible improvements and why with reference to the other discussion questions and errors. (Note: relate this to #1 and the answers for the other questions). If I could improve this lab I would heat the copper (II) sulphate a few more times to make sure that all the water are gone from the anhydrous compound. Another way we may be able to improve this lab is by placing a lid over the compound when heating to prevent the copper (II) sulphate from popping out of the crucible but leave spaces on the lid to let the water evaporate. Conclusion Statement: Write a one to two sentence statement to conclude what you did in your lab, what was your actual and how did it compare to your theoretical. In this lab, we learned how to take a hydrated salt and to separate the water from the compound and then measure to determine what the ratio of salt to water is. Before heating: After heating: