222 TOEFLiBT Practice

For this task,you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen
to a lecture about the same topic.Then you will write a response to a question

that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage.Then listen to
the lecture.Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response.

INTEGRATED WRITING TASK 1 READING

Read the passage.

Space Tourism
1Soon there will be something new for the tourist who has been everywhere

and seen everything on Earth. Spacecraft being developed by private commercial companies will soon enable private citizens to buy their own tickets
to travel into space, thereby creating a space tourism industry. So far, space travel has been undertaken only by governments, but the new, privatized

spaceflight industry will bring great benefits to both science and the public. 2First, private space travel will benefit serious space exploration by making spaceflight cheaper. Privatization of space technology will bring technological costs down very fast because it will allow competition@and competition is
one of the strongest motivators to cut costs.Thus, lowering the cost of space

travel will benefit not only space tourists but also scientists, who will be able to
use private space flights for research purposes. 3Furthermore, privatization of space travel will accelerate the rate at which important scientific discoveries occur.The aerospace industry already sponsors

a lot of groundbreaking scientific research, and adding private spaceflight companies to it will make the industry as a whole grow in size, thereby
employing more scientists than it does now.That increased number of working

scientists means not only that more discoveries are likely to be made but also that those discoveries are likely to be made more quickly than in the past.
4Finally, when governments are the sole providers of space travel, the costs

are paid for by the whole taxpaying public, but with privatization, the expenses of space travel will be borne by the customers of the industry.The fact that private spaceflight operators will be able to raise funds through ticket sales means that the financial burden on taxpayers will be eased significantly.

LISTENING

ft (40

Now listen to part of a lecture on the same topic.

TOEFLiBT Practice 223

WRITING
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage.

INTEGRATED WRITING TASK 2

READING
Read the passage.

School Uniforms 1Educators have long recognized that high school can be a difficult experience for many students. Along with the stress of challenging academic
work, high school can also be a source of social, emotional, and even financial stress. One effective way of decreasing these nonacademic kinds of stress is to require students to wear a school uniform so that all students wear basically the same clothing.

2One of the most obvious benefits of such a policy is that it makes high school more affordable for both students and their parents.Clothing, especially
trendy,fashionable clothing, is very expensive, and teenagers usually want to have several different outfits in their wardrobes@for some, the more the

better. When there is no possibility of dressing fashionably at school, a student's clothing bill will go down drastically.
3Furthermore, wearing the same school uniform as everyone else eliminates a significant source of discomfort and self-consciousness for many teenagers: the uncertainty that what they are wearing is "right." Such anxiety interferes

with a student's ability to act in ways that show his or her personality to
advantage.

4Finally, a mandatory school-uniform policy will reduce the amount of

teasing and bullying among students. Currently, many students are teased or

put down simply because they dress differently from everyone else or because

224 TOEFLiBT Practice

they can't afford to dress like the majority. Once all students wear the same uniform, there will be much less opportunity for these kinds of intimidating
behaviors.

LISTENING
Now listen to part of a lectureon the sametopjc. ::

WRITING
Write a response to the topic, @.@'.'@li r '

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage.

220 TOEFL iBT Practice

@vjHnmci
For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen
to a lecture about the same topic.Then you will write a response to a question

that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage.Then listen to
the lecture.Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response.

INTEGRATED WRITING TASK 1 READING

Read the passage.

Changes in Charitable Giving

1Donating part of one's income to public causes, known as charitable giving, used to be a common practice. But, in the United States charitable giving has declined substantially in recent years,and,for several reasons, it is unlikely to increase in the future.

2One reason that charitable giving has fallen is simply that there is less need
for charitable giving, because the United States government now provides most of the important public services.The government assumes much of the

responsibility for feeding the poor, providing health care, and taking care of
the victims of natural disasters@functions that charities used to perform. These government institutions of social welfare are permanent, and so the

diminished need for private charitable giving will also be permanent. 3Another reason people are, and will be, giving less to charities is that in the past few years there have been highly publicized disclosures that the
managers of some prominent national charities were receiving huge salaries and other benefits as large or larger than salaries of heads of major for-profit corporations.These salaries and expenses for travel, fancy offices, and

advertising significantly reduced the percentage of donated money that went to charitable purposes. Naturally people have been turned off by these
excesses and inefficiencies.

* Finally, beyond the shortcomings of legitimate charities, there has been an increasing number of fraudulent solicitations by organizations or individuals
who merely pose as charities. As a result, people are now becoming skeptical

even about what are in fact legitimate appeals for support. So potential donors are starting to give less and give less frequently. And since the incidence of
charity fraud seems to be increasing, we can expect further declines in

charitable giving as people become more concerned that they are being taken
advantage of.

LISTENING

(40

Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

TOEFUBT Practice 221

WRITING
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage.

INTEGRATED WRITING TASK 2 READING

Read the passage.

School-year Vacations 1It used to be that parents took their children on vacation during the
summer, when school was out of session. But today, much more often than in

the past, many parents take their children on vacation during the school year.
Although these children are away from school, sometimes for several weeks, traveling itself serves a valuable educational function.

2The most important educational benefit of taking children on vacation is that traveling exposes children to new places and cultures. It is good for children to read about distant countries, but it is even better to take them there. What students learn by meeting the people and absorbing the culture of these places is something they could not learn in their classrooms. 3Moreover, the benefits to the children who have been away from the
classroom for several weeks traveling continue after they have returned to

their classes. Students who are in school every day of the school year can easily lose enthusiasm for their studies. But students invigorated by time away return with heightened excitement. 4The trend of students taking vacations during the school year also has
benefits for teachers. When these students return to school, their knowledge and enthusiasm contribute positively to the entire class.Teachers can ask the

children to share stories of their travels with their peers and can incorporate what they have learned from traveling into writing and reading projects.This
makes lesson development easier for teachers because the returning students' experiences provide a ready basis for classroom discussions and projects.

LISTENING
Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

WRITING
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they oppose points made in the reading passage.

256 TOEFLiBT Practice

For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen
to a lecture about the same topic.Then you will write a response to a question

that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage.Then listen to
the lecture.Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response.

INTEGRATED WRITING TASK 1 READING

Read the passage.

Easter Island
1Easter Island, a small, remote island in the Pacific Ocean, was once home to

a flourishing culture. But about 500 years ago (a.d. 1500), its society went into a steep decline. History teaches us that events like this are often caused by
outside influences. So it is not unreasonable to consider whether there are

facts about the decline of Easter island's society that would be explained by a
hypothesis of an invasion.

2One such fact has to do with trees. Most Pacific island societies have managed to find an ecologically balanced way of living by using@but not
overexploiting@natural resources such as trees. Most Pacific islands, therefore, remain lush@but not Easter Island. Although it was once densely forested,

most of its trees had disappeared by about 500 years ago. Environmental destruction of this sort has often been caused by invaders who deplete an
area's natural resources without any concern for the future.

3Facts about the large stone statues on Easter Island could also support the idea of an invasion.There are about 900 of these statues on the island; the largest is over 20 meters tall.The native society clearly placed a great deal of importance on their production. Yet at about the same time that the island
became deforested, islanders stopped making these huge statues. An invasion

would help explain why this traditional practice came to a sudden end.
4Furthermore, we know that around the time these other changes were taking place, a new religion developed on Easter Island: the "Birdman" worship.

There is no convincing evidence that the Birdman religion existed before 1500, which suggests that this new religious practice may have been introduced by
outsiders.

LISTENING
Now listen to an excerpt on the same topic.

, TOEFL iBT Practice 257

WRITING
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically indicate how they challenge explanations offered in the reading passage.

INTEGRATED WRITING TASK 2 READING

Read the passage. ; ,; ; , ':@ ;; I

External versus Internal Hiring

1When a company needs to hire someone for a managerial position, there is

often a choice between promoting an employee who is already working inside the company or bringing in a person from outside. Hiring a qualified outsider is
often to a company's advantage for several reasons.

2An important reason for hiring outsiders as managers is that they bring a new perspective.This contributes to the diversity of ideas and allows company
practices to be seen in a new light. Often, an outside hire will ask,"What's the

reason for doing things this way?"This question may lead to a reevaluation of practices that are actually inefficient but have become so much a part of the routine that it's difficult for insiders to question them.
3Another major factor to be considered is the cost of on-the-job training.

Hiring outsiders allows a company to look for people who already have the particular skills and experience required for the job.The company will not have
to spend time and money training an internal employee for the new job@ something that has to be done when, for example,an employee is promoted from a technical position to a managerial one. In such a case, usually the

employee would be sent to classes to help learn needed managerial skills. * Finally, managers hired from the outside will often have business contacts with suppliers,customers, and technicians that they have developed in their previous job. Clearly these contacts can be a valuable asset for the company
that hires managers from the outside.

LISTENING

ft

Now listen to an excerpt on the same topic.

(=42=

WRITING
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how
they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage.