INSTRUCALC

ISO. ISO FLOW ELEMENTS. GAS AND LIQUID. ORIFICE PLATERS. FLOW
NOZZLES AND VENTURIES.
ISO Flow Elements Help Contents
This is a program for calculating the size of ISO 5167 flow elements
For help on each screen: Press F1.
Overview
Program Features
Calculation Menu
Program Lead Sheet
Orifice Size Calculation for liquids
Calculation Engineering Units for liquids
Material selection
Calculation Printout
Data Sheet
Orifice Size Calculation for Gases
Summary Printout
Calculation Engineering Units for Gases
Calculation Routines
Program Data File Specification
Importing Data into a Calculation
Pipe Size Data
ISO Flow Elements -- Program Overview
Version 5. An option has been added to calculate the system losses from a
known source pressure to provide the flow element inlet pressure. The accuracy of
this pressure has a considerable impact on the accuracy of the flow measurement.
To use the pressure in the vessel which is the source of the flow can cause
considerable error because of head and system losses. The fluid density of gases
vary considerably with pressure and liquids may have vapor pressure problems or
require a specific gravity correction for pressure.
An orifice plate is a circular flat plate that is inserted between flanges to
measure flow in pipelines. It has a precision bored hole in its center that causes a
pressure drop.. Bernoulli in 1738 determined that flow rate was proportional to the
square root of pressure drop These programs determine the relationship between
the flow rate, the pressure drop and the size of the hole.
The programs are based on ISO 5167 and follow the procedures described in The
Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook by R. W. Miller. They are suitable for
use with all gaseous and liquid fluids that are clean, single phase, homogenous
and Newtonian. All gases, most liquids and most dense phase fluids associated
with the petroleum petrochemical and natural gas industries are Newtonian.
The user should be aware of the design, application and limitations'
requirements set forth in The Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook order for
the accuracy percentage calculation to be applicable. All devices measuring flow

by differential pressure need some straight pipe upstream and downstream from
the device. ASME and AGA publish data showing requirements for various piping
configurations. A typical value is 20 upstream and 5 downstream.
There are programs for 16 different flow elements designs and one for
restriction orifice plates.
Liquids and gases are covered separately, making a total of 34 different options.
Each design has its peculiar advantages. The flat orifice plate is least
expensive and well understood. The most common design is the flange taps,
concentric, square edge, orifice plate. It has a permanent pressure loss of 50% to
90%, depending on the beta ratio. Typically 1.1 psi for a 50 inches of water
differential. On horizontal lines it is a dam in the line that allows debris to collect
behind it.
Segmental and eccentric orifice plates overcome the dam problem. They are
more difficult to make and install accurately.
Quadrant edge and conic edge orifice plates provide a constant discharge
coefficient over a wide range of Reynolds Numbers and are used for viscous fluids.
There are various pressure tap locations. The flange tap design is accurately
made and relatively foolproof to install. Radius taps and pipe taps are sometimes
less expensive to use on large diameter or alloy pipe. They are however, field
installed where the quality control is more difficult to achieve. In North America,
corner taps are used for small diameter lines to get the measurement of the
differential closer to the orifice plate, elsewhere they are used instead of flange
taps.
Venturies and flow nozzles offer low pressure loss, no dam problems, long
term repeatability, high accuracy and high cost.
The LO-Loss design is a propriety device that has the lowest permanent
pressure loss.
The calculations assume that the pipe is reasonable round, straight, smooth,
and the correct size and that the taps are cylindrical and burr free. Prefabricated
meter runs are available, these are made from selected pipe under shop quality
control. They can be calibrated if the cost can be justified.
Sizing Principles
Since the flowrate is proportional to the square root of the differential, the device
has a limited turn down ratio. Flow less than 30% of the upper range value is
difficult to read. If the rangeability must be larger than 3:1 consider two
transmitters.
Size the orifice plate so that the normal flow is 70% to 80% of the upper
range value. This is slightly over the mid-range of the differential and allows for
reasonable deviations above and below normal.
Instead of having an even chart multiplier and a special size orifice, consider
standard orifice sizes and special chart multipliers. This limits the inventory of
orifice sizes and since a computer is probably calculating the material balances, it
does not need an even number.

A differential range of 100 inches of water fits most flow situations. It

provides a good compromise of instrument sensitivity, ease of calibration and
minimum permanent pressure loss.
To reduce gas expansion factor inaccuracies, limit the numerical value of the
differential range in inches of water to the numerical value of the inlet pressure in
psia. (I.e., a gas differential of 100 inches of water requires an inlet pressure of
100psia)
For best overall accuracy the beta ratio should be between 0.25 to 0.7,
preferably 0.55. If it falls outside these limits, change the differential range. If it is
still not satisfactory consider an oversize meter run.
Accuracy
The program calculates the statistical accuracy for the application.
Typical discharge coefficient accuracys are -0.5% for universal venturi tube
0.6% for a concentric orifice plate with flange corner or radius taps
0.8% for pipe taps
2% for segmental and eccentric
2.5% for quadrant and conical edge
1% for venturi with machined inlet
1.5% for venturi with welded sheet inlet
2% for ASME nozzle
The displayed values are the RMS values of these plus the RMS values of the
errors of the inlet data weighted for their affect on the calculation
The orifice size is calculated for the upper range values, the correction
factors are calculated for the normal flow in order to achieve the maximum usable
accuracy.
General
If changes are made to data recalled from file, the data will be displayed in
the color selected for changed data. This will assist in recognising the affect the
changes make to other calculations and the data sheet.
ISO Flow Element Program Features
Programs will -Perform sizing calculations
Calculate either.-- Orifice size, Flow rate or Differential range
Calculate vent or drain hole size if required
Calculate the minimum plate thickness
Calculate permanent pressure and power loss
Calculate accuracy percentage
Supply fluid properties at flow conditions
Supply steam data
Supply pipe sizes
Provide material selection

Use English or SI engineering units in any mixture

Use mass or volume flow units
Import process data
Print a calculation sheet using the Windows Print Manager
Save the data
Prepare instrument data sheets
WUSIWUG style
Initially general- sheets for bid purposes
Supply data base of standard specification items
After vendor selection, revise for permanent records
Print a data sheet using the Windows Print Manager
Save the data
Print a summary of saved records
Print all records
Print selected records
Print only records having required characteristics
ISO Flow Elements Program Menu Options
New calculation
Select the required calculation option and the fluid option, then select OK
(or doubleclick if at least one of the options is already selected).
File
Default files
Recalls file data using the files in the default drives and paths.
Other files
Recalls file data using the Windows file selection procedure.
Data file maintenance
Edit Tag Numbers
Provides the facility to change the Tag Numbers on file.
Or delete records from file.
Sort data file
Rearrange the Tag Numbers in ascending order.
Delete the items marked if the edit was saved.
(Version 5.0)Data files
Path for the default calculation data files.
User units
Path for the user selection set of engineering units.
Headings
Path for the printout headings.
There are three paths. If a Drive and Path different from the Default Path
and Drive provided in the initial Set Up Procedure was used, the program will
update them to the Drive and Path which was installed. They are saved in
sequential file ISOCALC.DRV which resides with the programs. To check or

change the paths, either call up the Drive and Path for edit or use a text editor to or
change the file contents.
Convert V3 file stage 2
InstruCalc version 3 file conversion to Windows format.
Exit
Exits from InstruCalc to Windows Program Manager.
Edit Tables
(Version 5.0)
InstruCalc uses Data Tables for Gas, Liquid,Pipe Size and Material
properties, these contain data from which exact properties for the flow conditions
are calculated. It also has tables for equipment data. These option provides an
easy means of customizing them. Items can be added, inserted, deleted and
changed. Restrictions are built into the Materials Coefficient of Expansion table on
insertion and deletion because the row number is used to save data in the
calculations.
Each program can edit the tables used in the program. Take note that some,
such as the Gas, Liquid and Pipe Size are used by other programs and may
include data required only by them.
Editing is performed by either clicking the appropriate line in the Grid or entering
the line number in Row to Edit and clicking Recall Row. Edit the data and Load
Row to the Grid. When a box in the edit line is clicked, information on the data
required for that box is displayed above. Save Grid overwrites the old file. A
backup file is recommended before you start. The file name is in the heading of the
Edit Form and the files are in the program directory.
Note that data cannot be edited directly in the grid.
Color
Provides color options for InstruCalc displays, using the Windows palette.
Note that colors for scroll bars, command buttons, disabled text, borders etc., are
selected through the Windows Control Panel
Print Summary
Goes to the print summary program.
ISO Flow Elements Program Lead Sheet
The program will only stop at the Lead Sheet if it fails to find the default paths file.
To continue, type in the paths and save the file.
The Data Files are specific to a project and an instrument type
The Units File may be common for all projects and specific for an instrument type
The Headings File may be specific for a project and common for all instruments
ISO Flow Element Liquid Calculation.
All liquid flow element calculations only differ in the formula involved,
procedures for each are the same.

the

The pipe taps orifice plate and the restriction orifice plate both have a
permanent pressure loss of their differential and use the same procedure.
Version 5. Option added. If the exact inlet pressure is not known, but a source
pressure is known then use the option to calculate the flow element inlet pressure.
First use an approximate inlet pressure and calculate the flow element to set up the
variables, take the option and calculate the system losses, three cases are
available. Transfer the selected case to the flow element calculation, re-select the
fluid properties and recalculate the flow calculation. Light hyrocarbons may require
a specific gravity correction. Volatile liquids may have a vapor pressure problem.
Engineering Units.
There are four standard unit sets and one user selected set available -Mass Flow - English units. Pounds per hour and degrees Fahrenheit.
Volume Flow - English Units.
US gallons per minute and degrees Fahrenheit.
Mass Flow - SI Units.
Kilograms per second and degrees Centigrade.
Volume Flow - SI Units. Litres per second and degrees Centigrade.
User Units.
A set of units selected from the Liquid Flow Engineering Unit
screen
To make or change a User Unit set select the option Review units.
The Liquid Flow Engineering Unit screen will be displayed. It shows the
available options and the current unit selection.
Select the required units and save the User file.
Unit Selection.
A new calculation loads the default units, which can be any of the five
available options. It is set up by selecting the required units under the Engineering
Units menu, then going back into the same menu and saving it as the default.
Two defaults are available, one for liquids, set in the liquid calculation and one for
gas, set in the gas calculation.
If process data is downloaded to a calculation which is displaying the wrong
units, any of them can be overwritten with any of the five standard unit options
without converting any of the data. To do this, under the Engineering Units menu,
select the option Change units, no conversion , this will then allow one selection
from the menu without conversion and then revert to normal operation.
The Unit Selection can be made at any time. The input data will be converted to
the new units. If a volumetric flow unit set is selected and the specific gravity at
base conditions is not available the flow is set to zero. Units for any individual
input entry can be changed by the selecting the Review Units option and choosing
from the Liquid Flow Engineering Unit screen.
Fluid Properties.
The Fluid properties option is enabled when the pressure and temperature
are entered. The properties required for a calculation are available for pure liquids
and mixtures and are provided in the selected units. Caution should be used for
mixtures of dissimilar fluids because the mixture law may not apply.

For a pure liquid find the name and select (or double-click) the name, the
fluid properties will be entered.
For a mixture select the first component. In the component box, enter the
percentage. Continue until the remaining percentage equals zero, then select
calculate in the component box and the program will calculate and enter the
mixture values. The fluid properties data base is user updatable.
Calculation options are -Orifice size.
Flowrate.
Differential Range.
Select the calculation option and the necessary input data is enabled. The
required variable will be disabled and will receive the calculated value.
Vent and Drain Hole option.
Options provide the for automatic selection of the recommended hole size or the
input of a user size. Either a vent hole, a drain hole, both or neither can be
selected. Both are the same size.
If the flowing liquid contains gas bubbles, a vent hole will enable them to pass the
orifice plate. If the line needs to be drained a drain hole can be provided
The hole size will be compensated for in the calculation.
Pipe Inside Diameter
To look up the pipe dimensions, click the meter tube button.
The pipe sizes screen will be displayed.
Enter the nominal pipe size.
Click the Search button to display the available sizes.
Select the required inside diameter(Double-click or click OK).
Material Selection.
Click the Element material to display the materials screen.
On the materials screen, select the required material.
Repeat for the Pipe material.
Input Data
The options selected enable the input boxes of the data required for the
calculation and disable the input boxes for the calculated outputs and the data not
required.
The maximum flow rate is the upper range value.
The normal flow will be the point of greatest accuracy.
Specific gravity at base conditions is only required for volumetric flow.
Calculate
Click the Calculate button.
The program will validate the input data.
If not valid it will display the unsatisfactory data.
If valid it will -Calculate the output data.
Display the results.
Enable the calulation printout.
Enable the data sheet option.

Calculation Results
The output data should be examined for adequacy.
Best accuracy is for beta ratio in the area of 0.55.
Change data as required and recalculate.
The plate thickness is the recommended minimum.
Filing and Moving On
The options in the File menu are -Program menu -- Clears the calculation and returns to the main menu.
Prepare data sheet --Is enabled after a calculation is made, it displays the
screen to prepare a data sheet form for the calculated item.
New - Clears the screen for a new calculation.
Save - Using the default path, it saves a new record if not previously saved
or saves changes to an existing record.
Save New.-.Using the default path, it saves an existing record as a new
record ( Used to duplicate similar items. i.e. Recall an existing record. Edit as
required and Save New).
Save As.... - Uses the Windows file access system. Saves to a file
anywhere.
Import data - Select the units and read Input data supplied in sequential
files.
File default path - Changes the default paths for the calculation records.
The default paths are -The Data Files. (ISODAT.TAG and ISODAT.DAT).
The User Unit Files. (ISODAT.UNS).
The Printout Headings File (HEADINGS.DAT).
Print calculation - Is enabled after a calculation is made. It displays the
screen to print a calculation.
Exit -- Leaves the program and returns to the Windows Program Manager.
ISO Liquid Engineering Units
The screen shows the process variables used in a liquid calculation and list
the available options. To assure full coverage each (Except Flow Time Base) has
an Other option. This is a user defined unit. Double click the option and it will
display the name and multiplier to convert it to the standard units. The standard
unit is always the first item in the list.
The screen shows the current selection. Any unit may be chosen and will
be used in the calculation if OK is selected.
To create a User File for the User File Unit option in the calculation, select
the desired units and click the save button
A double click on any unit option selects that option and returns to the
calculation.
Data conversion
For all items except flow, the unit change represents only a multiplier to
convert the input data and the data is always converted. The Flow Quantity option
has Mass and Volume options. The relationship between mass flow and volume
flow is a multiplier and the specific gravity of the fluid. It is conventional when
measuring flow by volume that it be at a standard temperature (Usually 60 degrees

Fahrenheit). Two specific gravity values are necessary for a volumetric flow
calculation, mass flow cannot be converted to volume flow until the specific gravity
at standard conditions is available.
Conversion factors and units are based on API 2564
Definition of units
Mass flow units :
lb = pounds
kg = kilograms
tonne = 1000 kg = 1Mg
g = gram
UKton = 2240 lb
USton = 2000 lb
Other = user defined mass unit
Volume flow units :
USgal = US gallons
litre = litres
ft3 = Cubic feet
UKgal = UK gallons
m3 = cubic metres
bbl = barrels (42 US gallons)
cm3 = cubic centimetres
Other = user defined volumetric unit
Flow time base :
/s = per second
/m = per minute
/h = per hour
/d = per day
Gauge pressure :
psig = pounds per square inch gauge
kPag = kiloPascals gauge
atg = atmospheres gauge
inhgg = inches of mercury gauge
MPag = megaPascals gauge
inH2Og = inches of water gauge
mmhgg = millimetres of mercury gauge
barg = bars gauge
kg/cm2g = kilograms per square centimetre gauge
Other = user defined gauge pressure unit
Absolute pressure :
psia = pounds per square inch absolute
kPaa = kiloPascals absolute
ata = atmospheres absolute
inhga = inches of mercury absolute
MPaa = megaPascals absolute
inH2Oa = inches of water absolute

mmhga = millimetres of mercury absolute

bara = bars absolute
kg/cm2a = kilograms per square centimetre absolute
Other = user defined absolute pressure unit
Temperature :
degF = degrees Fahrenheit
degF = degrees Centigrade
degR = degrees Rankine
degK = degrees Kelvin
Other = user defined temperature unit
Viscosity :
cp = centipoises
Pa.s = Pascal seconds
cs = centistokes
kPa.s = kiloPascal seconds
Other = user defined viscosity unit
Differential pressure :
inH2O = inches of water
kPa = kiloPascals
inhg = inches of mercury
mmH2O = millimetres of water
mBar = millibars
Other = user defined differential
Pipe and orifice diameter :
in = inches
mm = millimetres
cm = centimetres
ft = feet
m = metres
Other = user defined size
ISO Material Selection
The Drop Down Menu displays the material options. The temperature thermal
expansion coefficients are selected with the material. A thermal correction for both
pipe and orifice plate is included
Either make a new selection (Double click or click then click OK).
Or click Cancel to return with no change.
The program will return to the calculation.
ISO Calculation Data Printout
This program will print the input and output calculation data and one
associated comment. The comment is included in the data sheet for reference
purposes
It also creates the default printout headings. The headings are printed at the
top of all printouts. They are saved in the HEADINGS.DAT file. This is the third

default path. If all programs are set to the same path, this becomes the default
headings for all program printouts
Save. Saves the headings
Cancel. Returns to the calculation form without printing
OK. Prints the headings and calculation using the Windows Print Manager, then
returns to the calculation form
ISO Flow Element Data Sheet
The first use of the data sheet is to obtain competitive bids. It should initially
emphasize the engineering requirements and be fairly general regarding the
details. When a vendor is selected it should be updated to the exact details so that
the data sheet is a record of the instrument purchased.
The relevant data from the calculation is automatically displayed. Minor
editing , such as rounding can be performed. Major editing should be done in the
calculation routine in order to preserve the integrity of the calculation
A user defined data base is available to enter data for those inputs which
have a limited number of options. To activate this, double click the input box, the
data on file is displayed. Double click the required option and the data is
transferred to the data sheet form.
The data base should be customized for the project requirements. To edit the
data; click the selected item. Edit the data in the active top line, select Replace,
continue with the edit and Save on completion. The Input data menu option has
option to enter either the first or the second item in the list for all items. If the data
base is constructed so that the first item is the first standard selection and the
second item is the second standard selection then two standard data sheets are
available for a single keystroke. This feature only enters data into empty input
boxes.
Some input boxes require unique data which is typed in
Space is provided to enter information for non standard options. Enter the
title and data , it will be saved with the other data.
Three lines of notes of special instructions are available at the bottom of the
data sheet.
The input data is limited to 25 characters and 60 characters for each of the notes.
The data sheet is saved along with the other data in the calculation options.
File options
Print data sheet Prints the data sheet using the Windows Print Manager. Refer to
Windows Help
Go to calculation. Returns to the calculation form using the same record
Update headings Overwrites the headings with the current default set
Select font Uses the Windows Font Style system
Select printer Uses the Windows Print System

ISO Orifice Size Gas Calculation

All liquid flow element calculations only differ in the formula involved, the
procedures for each arethe same.
The pipe taps orifice plate and the restriction orifice plate both have a
permanent pressure loss of their differential and use the same procedure.
Version 5. Option added. If the exact inlet pressure is not known, but a source
pressure is known then use the option to calculate the flow element inlet pressure.
First use an approximate inlet pressure and calculate the flow element to set up the
variables, take the option and calculate the system losses, three cases are
available. Transfer the selected case to the flow element calculation, re-select the
fluid properties and recalculate the flow calculation. Gase density will be affected.
Engineering Units
There are four standard unit sets and one user selected set available -Mass Flow - English units. Pounds per hour and degrees Fahrenheit.
Volume Flow - English Units.
Standard cubic feet per minute and degrees
Fahrenheit.
Mass Flow - SI Units.
Kilograms per second and degrees Centigrade.
Volume Flow - SI Units. Standard cubic decimeters per second and degrees
Centigrade.
User Units.
A set of units selected from the Gas Flow Engineering Unit
screen.
To make or change a User Unit set select the option Review units.
The Gas Flow Engineering Unit screen will be displayed. It shows the
available options and the current unit selection.
Select the required units and save the User file.
Unit Selection.
A new calculation loads the default units, which can be any of the five
available options. It is set up by selecting the required units under the Engineering
Units menu, then going back into the same menu and saving it as the default.
Two defaults are available, one for liquids, set in the liquid calculation and one for
gas, set in the gas calculation.
If process data is downloaded to a calculation which is displaying the wrong
units, any of them can be overwritten with any of the five standard unit options
without converting any of the data. To do this, under the Engineering Units menu,
select the option Change units, no conversion , this will then allow one selection
from the menu without conversion and then revert to normal operation.
The Unit Selection can be made at any time. The input data will be converted to
the new units. If a volumetric flow unit set is selected and the molecular weight is
not available the flow is set to zero. Units for any individual input entry can be
changed by the selecting the Review Units option and choosing from the Gas Flow
Engineering Unit screen.
Base Conditions.

The Base Conditions option will display the current values of base pressure,
base temperature and the barometric pressure. They should be checked and
modified and saved to suit the operating conditions. ISO specifies a base
temperature of 14.696psia (101.325kilopascals) and 59 degF (15 degC).
AGA
specifies a base pressure of 14.73psia for natural gas, 14.696 for liquids with a
vapor pressure equal or less tha one atmosphere, and a base temperature of 60
degF.
Fluid Properties.
The Fluid properties option is enabled when the pressure and temperature are
entered. The properties required for a calculation are available for pure gases and
mixtures and are provided in the selected units. Caution should be used for
mixtures of dissimilar fluids because the mixture law may not apply.
For a pure gas find the name and select (or double-click) the name, the fluid
properties will be entered.
For a mixture select the first component. In the component box, enter the
percentage. Continue until the remaining percentage equals zero, then select
calculate in the component box and the program will calculate and enter the
mixture values. The fluid properties data base can be user maintained.
Calculation options are -Orifice size.
Flow rate.
Differential Range.
Select the calculation option and the necessary input data boxes are enabled. The
required variable will be disabled and will receive the calculated value.
Drain and Vent Hole option.
Options provide the for automatic selection of the recommended hole size or the
input of a user size. Either a vent hole, a drain hole, both or neither can be
selected. Both are the same size.
If the flowing gas contains moisture droplets a drain hole will allow the liquid to
pass the orifice plate.
The hole size will be compensated for in the calculation.
Pipe Inside Diameter
To look up the pipe dimensions, click the meter tube button.
The pipe sizes screen will be displayed.
Enter the nominal pipe size.
Click the Search button to display the available sizes.
Select the required inside diameter(Double-click or click OK).
Material Selection.
Select the Element material to display the materials screen.
On the materials screen, select the required material.
Repeat for the Meter tube material.
Input Data.

The options selected enable the input boxes of the data required for the
calculation and disable the input boxes for the calculated outputs and the data not
required.
The maximum flow rate is the upper range value.
The normal flow will be the point of greatest accuracy.
Calculate.
Click the Calculate button.
The program will validate the input data.
If not valid it will display the unsatisfactory data.
If valid it will -Calculate the output data.
Display the results.
Enable the calulation printout.
Enable the data sheet option.
Calculation Results
The output data should be examined for adequacy.
Best accuracy is for beta ratio in the area of 0.55.
Change data as required and recalculate.
The plate thickness is the recommended minimum.
Filing and Moving On
The options in the File menu are -Program menu -- Clears the calculation and returns to the main menu.
Prepare data sheet --Is enabled after a calculation is made, it displays the
screen to prepare a data sheet form for the calculated item.
New - Clears the screen for a new calculation.
Save - Using the default path,. it saves a new record if not previously saved
or saves changes to an existing record.
Save New.-.Using the default path, it saves an existing record as a new record
( Used to duplicate similar items. i.e. Recall an existing record. Edit as required
and Save New).
Save As.... - Uses the Windows file access system. Saves to a file
anywhere.
Import data - Select the units and read Input data supplied in sequential
files.
File default path - Changes the default paths for the calculation records.
The default paths are -The Data Files. (ISODAT.TAG and ISODAT.DAT).
The User Unit Files. (ISODAT.UNS).
The Printout Headings File (HEADINGS.DAT).
Print calculation - Is enabled after a calculation is made. It displays the
screen to print a calculation.
Exit -- Leaves the program and returns to the Windows Program Manager.
ISO Flow Element Summary
The program will provide a printout summary of data sheet records on file.
It can provide a printout of either --

All fields
Selected fields
Fields equal to
Fields not equal to
Fields equal to or less than
Fields equal to or greater than
Fields less than
Fields more than
Procedure for a new Summary
Select Options
Clear checks
Clears all check on the form
Clear Other Data Clears all other data on the form
Make new field selections
Each field has four boxes-A check box to select the field
A box to specify the field width
A box to enter data to compare
A box to specify the compare method (Double click for data)
Select data relationship
And or or
Click Print to print using Windows Print Manager
File Options
Save print options
Saves a standard printout
Go to Program Menu Form
Returns to program menu for further work on this module
Exit
Returns to the Windows Program Manager
Procedure for a standard printout
Select Options
Recall saved options
Print
Procedure to print all fields
Select Options
Check all
Print
Other Options
Select font
Windows font selection procedure
Select Printer
Windows Print manager
ISO Gas Engineering Units
The screen shows the process variables used in a liquid calculation and list
the available options. To assure full coverage each (Except Flow Time Base) has
an Other option. This is a user defined unit. Double click the option and it will

display the name and multiplier to convert it to the standard units. The standard
unit is always the first item in the list.
The screen shows the current selection. Any unit may be chosen and will
be used in the calculation if OK is selected.
To create a User File for the User File Unit option in the calculation, select
the desired units and click the save button
A double click on any unit option selects that option and returns to the
calculation.
Data Conversion
For all items except flow, the unit change represents only a multiplier to
convert the input data and the data is always converted. The Flow Quantity option
has Mass and Volume options. The relationship between mass flow and volume
flow is a multiplier and the molecular weight of the gas, conversion can only be
made when the molecular weight has been entered.
Conversion factors and units are based on API 2564
Definition of units
Mass flow units :
lb = pounds
kg = kilograms
tonne = 1000 kg = 1Mg
g = gram
UKton = 2240 lb
USton = 2000 lb
Other = user defined mass unit
Volume flow units :
sft3 = standard cubic feet
sdm3 = standard cubic decimetres
sm3 = standard cubic metres
Msft3 = million standard cubic feet
Other = user defined volume unit
Time base :
/s = per second
/m = per minute
/h = per hour
/d = per day
Gauge pressure :
psig = pounds per square inch gauge
kPag = kiloPascals gauge
atg = atmospheres gauge
inhgg = inches of mercury gauge
MPag = megaPascals gauge
inH2Og = inches of water gauge
mmhgg = millimetres of mercury gauge
barg = bars gauge
kg/cm2g = kilograms per square centimetre gauge

Other = user defined gauge pressure unit

Absolute pressure :
psia = pounds per square inch absolute
kPaa = kiloPascals absolute
ata = atmospheres absolute
bara = bars absolute
Mpaa = megaPascals absolute
kg/cm2a = kilograms per square centimetre absolute
inhga = inches of mercury absolute
mmhga = millimetres of mercury absolute
Other = user defined absolute pressure unit
Temperature :
degF = degrees Fahrenheit
degF = degrees Centigrade
degR = degrees Rankine
degK = degrees Kelvin
Other = user defined temperature unit
Viscosity :
cp = centipoises
Pa.s = Pascal seconds
cs = centistokes
kPa.s = kiloPascal seconds
Other = user defined viscosity unit
Differential pressure :
inH2O = inches of water
kPa = kiloPascals
inhg = inches of mercury
mmH2O = millimetres of water
mBar = millibars
Other = user defined differential
Pipe and orifice diameter :
in = inches
mm = millimetres
cm = centimetres
ft = feet
m = metres
Other = user defined size
Density
lb/ft3 = pounds per cubic foot
kg/m3 = kilograms per cubic metre
g/cm3 = grams per cubic centimetre
lb/in3 = pounds per cubic inch
Other = user defined density unit

ISO Data Files

INSTRUCALC V4 Random access file specification for ISO flow elements
ISODAT.Dat.
Tag Numbers are stored in the sequential file ISODAT.TAG. Its number in the file
is the record number in the random access file.
__________________________________________________
Type FileData
'Calculation info
ProgNum As Integer
2 bytes.Program number Liq<18:Gas>20
ElemMatlNom As Integer 2 bytes.Element material number
PipeMatlNum As Integer
2 bytes Pipe material
FloBasis As String * 3
3 bytes."Mas" denotes a mass calculation, "Vol" a
volume
Vent As String * 3
3 bytes Byte 1 Y=Standard hole size, C=Custom hole
size
Byte 2 V= Vent hole required, N=Vent not
required
Byte 3
D=Drain hole required, N=Drain not
required
,FS(1 To 15) As Single
60 bytes.Units conversion factor
GS(1 To 20) As Single
(17)EdgeRad
(19)VentSize

80

bytes.(1-15)Calc

Input

data, 16) beta,

(18)Norm flow,

UnS(1 To 15) As String * 8

120 bytes.Unit Name
'Data sheet info
SdS(1 To 7) As Single
28 bytes.
AraS(1 To 16) As String * 25
400 bytes.Data sheet array selections
Txt1(1 To 3) As String * 25
75 bytes.Data sheet service,line num, fluid
Txt2(1 To 3) As String * 60
180 bytes.Data sheet notes
TXT3(1 To 7) As String * 10
70
bytes.Data
sheet
num,spec,rev,date,req,by,appr
End Type
Record len=1025
__________________________________________
Common data all Elements
___________________________________________
ElemMatlNom and PipeMatlNum
If material number = 1 Then Material = "301 stainless steel"
If material number = 2 Then Material = "304 stainless steel"
If material number = 3 Then Material = "310 stainless steel"
If material number = 4 Then Material = "316 stainless steel"
If material number = 5 Then Material = "330 stainless steel"
If material number = 6 Then Material = "347 stainless steel"
If material number = 7 Then Material = "Aluminum bronze"
If material number = 8 Then Material = "Beryllium copper"
If material number = 9 Then Material = "Carbon steel"
If material number = 10 Then Material = "Copper"
If material number = 11 Then Material = "Cupronickel"
If material number = 12 Then Material = "Hastelloy B"
If material number = 13 Then Material = "Hastelloy C"
If material number = 14 Then Material = "Haynes Stellite 25"
If material number = 15 Then Material = "Inconel X"
If material number = 16 Then Material = "K - Monel"
If material number = 17 Then Material = "Nickel"
If material number = 18 Then Material = "Pyrex glass"
If material number = 19 Then Material = "Tantalum"
If material number = 20 Then Material = "Titanium"
FloBasis
"Mas" denotes a mass calculation, "Vol" a volume
_____________________________________________
Liquid calculations
_____________________________________________
If ProgNum = 1 Then Program = "Concentric Orifice Plate - FlangeTaps - ISO
Liquid"
If ProgNum = 2 Then Program = "Concentric Orifice Plate - D and D/2 taps - ISO
Liquid"
If ProgNum = 3 Then Program = "Concentric Orifice Plate - Corner taps - ISO
Liquid"
If ProgNum = 4 Then Program = "Concentric Orifice Plate - Pipe taps - ISO
Liquid"

If ProgNum = 5 Then Program = "Eccentric Orifice Plate - Flange side taps - ISO Liquid"
If ProgNum = 6 Then Program = "Segmental Orifice Plate - Flange taps - ISO Liquid"
If ProgNum = 7 Then Program = "Quadrant Edge Orifice Plate - Corner taps - ISO Liquid"
If ProgNum = 8 Then Program = "Conic Orifice Plate - Corner taps - ISO - Liquid"
If ProgNum = 9 Then Program = "Venturi-Machined Inlet - ISO - Liquid"
If ProgNum = 10 Then Program = "Venturi-Cast Inlet - ISO - Liquid"
If ProgNum = 11 Then Program = "Venturi-Welded Inlet - ISO - Liquid"
If ProgNum = 12 Then Program = "Universal Venturi - ISO - Liquid"
If ProgNum = 13 Then Program = "Lo-Loss tube - ISO - Liquid"
If ProgNum = 14 Then Program = "Flow nozzle-ASME long radius - ISO - Liquid"
If ProgNum = 15 Then Program = "Flow nozzle-ISA - ISO - Liquid"
If ProgNum = 16 Then Program = "Flow nozzle-Venturi - ISO - Liquid"
_____________________________________________________
All liquid flow elements
GS(1) = Maximum flow
FS(1) UnS(1)
GS(2) = Flow temperature
UnS(2)
GS(3) = Inlet pressure
FS(3) UnS(3)
GS(4) = Differential range
FS(4) UnS(4)
GS(5) = Specific gravity at flow conditions
GS(6) = Specific gravity at standard conditions
GS(7) = Viscosity
FS(7) UnS(7)
GS(8) = Pipe inside diameter
FS(8) UnS(8)
GS(12) = Orifice size
FS(12)
UnS(12)
GS(18) = Normal flow
FS(1) UnS(1)
GS(19) = Drain hole size
FS(12)
UnS(12)
SDS(1) = Normal flow differential
FS(4) UnS(4)
SDS(3) = Plate thickness
FS(12)
UnS(12)
SDS(4) = Beta ratio
SDS(5) = Chart multiplier
______________________________________________________
If ProgNum = 17 Then Program = "Concentric Restriction Orifice Plate - Liquid"
Liquid RO data
GS(1) = Maximum flow
FS(1) UnS(1)
GS(2) = Flow temperature
UnS(2)
GS(3) = Inlet pressure
FS(3) UnS(3)
GS(5) = Specific gravity at flow conditions
GS(6) = Specific gravity at standard conditions
GS(7) = Viscosity
FS(7) UnS(7)
GS(8) = Pipe inside diameter
FS(8) UnS(8)
GS(10) = Vapor pressure
FS(10)
UnS(10)
GS(12) = Orifice size
FS(12)
UnS(12)
GS(16) = Discharge pressure
FS(3) UnS(3)

GS(19) = Drain hole

FS(12)
UnS(12)
SDS(3) = Plate thickness
FS(12)
UnS(12)
SDS(4) = Beta ratio
_________________________________________
Gas calculations
_________________________________________
If ProgNum = 21 Then Program = "Concentric Orifice Plate - FlangeTaps - ISO Gas"
If ProgNum = 22 Then Program = "Concentric Orifice Plate - D and D/2 taps - ISO Gas"
If ProgNum = 23 Then Program = "Concentric Orifice Plate - Corner taps - ISO Gas"
If ProgNum = 24 Then Program = "Concentric Orifice Plate - Pipe taps - ISO - Gas"
If ProgNum = 25 Then Program = "Eccentric Orifice Plate - Flange side taps - ISO Gas"
If ProgNum = 26 Then Program = "Segmental Orifice Plate - Flange taps - ISO Gas"
If ProgNum = 27 Then Program = "Quadrant Edge Orifice Plate - Corner taps - ISO
- Gas"
If ProgNum = 28 Then Program = "Conic Orifice Plate - Corner taps - ISO - Gas"
If ProgNum = 29 Then Program = "Venturi-Machined Inlet - ISO - Gas"
If ProgNum = 30 Then Program = "Venturi-Cast Inlet - ISO - Gas"
If ProgNum = 31 Then Program = "Venturi-Welded Inlet - ISO - Gas"
If ProgNum = 32 Then Program = "Universal Venturi - ISO - Gas"
If ProgNum = 33 Then Program = "Lo-Loss tube - ISO - Gas"
If ProgNum = 34 Then Program = "Flow nozzle-ASME long radius - ISO - Gas"
If ProgNum = 35 Then Program = "Flow nozzle-ISA - ISO - Gas"
If ProgNum = 36 Then Program = "Flow nozzle-Venturi - ISO - Gas"
_______________________________________________________
All gas flow elements
GS(1) = Maximum flow
FS(1) UnS(1)
GS(2) = Flow temperature
UnS(2)
GS(3) = Inlet pressure
FS(3) UnS(3)
GS(4) = Differential range
FS(4) UnS(4)
GS(5) = Molecular weight
GS(6) = Ratio of specific heats
GS(7) = Viscosity
FS(7) UnS(7)
GS(8) = Pipe inside diameter
FS(8) UnS(8)
GS(9) = Density
FS(9) UnS(9)
GS(10) = Critical pressure
GS(11) = Critical temperature
GS(12) = Orifice size
GS(13) = Base pressure
GS(14) = Base temperature
GS(15) = Barometric pressure

FS(10)

UnS(10)
UnS(11)
FS(12)
UnS(12)
FS(13)
UnS(13)
UnS(14)
FS(15)
UnS(15)

GS(17) = Quadrant edge radius or Segment diameter FS(12)

UnS(12)
GS(18) = Normal flow
FS(1) UnS(1)
GS(19) = Drain hole size
FS(12)
UnS(12)
SDS(1) = Normal flow differential
FS(4) UnS(4)
SDS(3) = Plate thickness
FS(12)
UnS(12)
SDS(4) = Beta ratio
SDS(5) = Chart multiplier
______________________________________________________
If ProgNum = 37 Then Program = "Concentric Restriction Orifice Plate - Gas"
Gas RO data
GS(1) = Maximum flow
FS(1) UnS(1)
GS(2) = Flow temperature
UnS(2)
GS(3) = Inlet pressure
FS(3) UnS(3)
GS(5) = Molecular weight
GS(6) = Ratio of specific heats
GS(7) = Viscosity
FS(7) UnS(7)
GS(8) = Pipe inside diameter
FS(8) UnS(8)
GS(9) = Density
FS(9) UnS(9)
GS(10) = Critical pressure
FS(10)
UnS(10)
GS(11) = Critical temperature
UnS(11)
GS(12) = Orifice size
FS(12)
UnS(12)
GS(13) = Base pressure
FS(13)
UnS(13)
GS(14) = Base temperature
UnS(14)
GS(15) = Barometric pressure
FS(14)
UnS(14)
GS(16) = Discharge pressure
FS(3) UnS(3)
GS(19) = Drain hole size
FS(12)
UnS(12)
SDS(3) = Plate thickness
FS(12)
UnS(12)
SDS(4) = Beta ratio
____________________________________________________
Miscellaneous Files
ISODAT.UNS
Sequential file. User unit data
ISODAT.STP
Sequential file. Base conditions
ISOSPEC.TXT
Sequential file. Data sheet item selections
HEADINGS.DAT Sequential file. Printout titles
ISOSUM.DAT
Sequential file. Standard summary selections
ISOCALC.DRV
Sequential file. Default drives and paths
ISOCALC.COL
Sequential file. Color selections
ISO Import Process Data
To Import process data into a calculation Make a sequential file for each calculation. Files to have a filename(Suggest the
tag number) with no extension (ie FE-100.). After INSTRUCALC reads the file it
will rename the file to "FILENAME.OK". This will divide the files into two lists, those
which have been processed and those which have not.
To read a file.

1. Go to the required calculation and select the required units.

2. Take the Import data menu option.
3. Find the required file. (Using standard Windows procedures)
4. Select the file and the data will be loaded.
5. Proceed with the calculation and save the data. (Now in the INSTRUCALC file)
6. The sequential file will be assigned the extension ".OK". and will disappear from
the list.
7. If a review is required, use the Windows file procedures for files with an
extension ".OK"
8. Revised process data should be provided without extensions. The Instrument
engineer will then have an instant review of work not yet performed.
Data input sequential file requirements (In input order)
_______________________________________________________________
Gas Flow elements
Variable
Gas restriction orifice
name
1 Tag number
(Seq file)
Tag number
(Seq file)
2 Fluid name
Txt1(3)
Fluid name
Txt1(3)
3 Maximum flow
G(1)
Normal flow
G(1)
4 Normal flow
G(18)
Temperature
G(2)
5 Temperature
G(2)
Inlet pressure
G(3)
6 Inlet pressure
G(3)
Barometric pressure
G(15
7 Barometric pressure G(15)
Discharge pressure G(4)
8 Differential range
G(4)
MW
G(5)
9 MW
G(5)
Cp/Cv
G(6)
10 Cp/Cv
G(6)
Viscosity
G(7)
11 Viscosity
G(7)
Pipe size
G(8)
12 Pipe size
G(8)
Density
G(9)
13 Density
G(9)
Critical pressure
G(10)
14 Critical pressure
G(10)
Critical temperature G(11)
15 Critical temperature G(11)
Line number
TxtT1(2)
16 Line number
Txt1(2)
Service
Txt1(1)
17 Service
Txt1(1)
__________________________________________________________________
_
Liquid flow elements
Liquid restriction orifice
1 Tag number
(Seq file)
Tag number
(Seq file)
2 Fluid name
Txt1(3)
Fluid nameT
xt1(3)
3 Maximum flow
G(1)
Normal flow
G(1)
4 Normal flow
G(18)
Temperature
G(2)
5 Temperature
G(2)
Inlet pressure
G(3)
6 Inlet pressure
G(3)
Discharge pressure G(4)
7 Barometric pressure

G(15)

Barometric pressure

G(15)

8 Differential range
9 SG @ FTP
10 SG@ Base
11 Viscosity
12 Pipe size
13 Line number
14 Service

G(4)
G(5)
G(6)

Vapor pressure
G(10)
SG @ FTP
G(5)
SG @ base
G(6)
G(7)
Viscosity
G(7)
G(8)
Pipe size
G(8)
Txt1(2)
Line number
Txt1(2)
Txt1(1)
Service
Txt1(1)

ISO Pipe Inside Diameter

The orifice pipe run is the straight sections of pipe, upstream and
downstream of the orifice plate, as specified in ISO 5167 and AGA3 and ANSI
2530.
The ISO pipe inside diameter is the average of 12 measurements of the
upstream section of the meter measured at a room temperature.
Initially, in most cases, the orifice pipe run is not available and the standard
size is used. This is available in a program look-up table. To find the size, select
the meter run size button to display the pipe size screen, enter the nominal size of
the pipe and select the search button. The available wall thickness and the
corresponding inside diameters for the nominal size are displayed. Select the
required size and it will be transferred to the calculation.
When the meter tube becomes available, measure the inside diameter and
back calculate either the amended flow rate or differential pressure.
Metric dimensions are in millimeters and nominal sizes are base on 25 mm per
nominal inch. If Units other than inches or millimeters are used, the data
transferred back to the calculation will be converted to the calculation units.