ERECTION,OPERATION

AND MAINTENANCE OF
DISTRIBUTION AND
POWER TRANSFORMERS
B.BABU


RECEIPT OF TRANSFORMER AT SITE
(1) Dispatched with Core & Windings fitted in the
Tank and filled with Nitrogen upto 0.15kgc!.s" or
filled with #nsulating $il a%o&e Windings.
(') #f filled with Nitrogen check Nitrogen (ressure and
if less than 0.' kgc!.s") replenish it upto
0.15kgc!.s".
(*) +ll other parts such as Conser&ator Tank)
,ushings
(-.&/.))0adiators)+ccessories)(rotecti&e de&ises
are dispatched in separate packages.


(1) 2eep the following Tools & 3aterials read45
6teel 6lings of &arious capacities)-4draulic
/ifting 7acks) Wooden 6leepers) Wooden
(acking (ieces) + 3o%ile Crane etc.
(5) ,efore Co!!encing 8rection) Nitrogen !ust %e
slowl4 released and the tank flushed with Dr4
$94gen or filled with #nsulating $il slowl4 to
a&oid contact of winding with +t!ospheric +ir.


Precautions to be taken

Long Storage of the Transformer is not

recommended.

Store Oil Drums properly

Assembly should commence from Bottom

Core !indings should be filled "ith Oil as soon

as #itrogen is e$pelled.

Choose a Dry Day "hen "eather is clear

Care to be taken so as to not to allo" any foreign

ob%ect falling into the Transformer

Blanking Plates should be remo&ed "hen "e are

ready for assembly.

Blanking Plates should also be stored safely after

"ork is completed.

The Person "orking "ith Tools used inside

Transformer must tie it by cotton tape

#o coins'pens'"atches etc should be used by the

persons "orking on the Transformer

(askets must be tightened properly ie #ot too much

or too less

#e" (askets must be used for Bushings )adiators'etc

*nsure tightness of all the connections inside and

proper Locking

Transformer Oil must be pumped from the Drums to

the Storage Tank through Purifier

Lea&e about +,mm oil at the bottom of each drum.-t

may be impure.

Pumping in Oil must be through the Drain &al&e. Also

Draining. Lea&e one Opening at the Top Open to
release *ntry Air.

Before Commencing Oil filling and purification'Clean

the top of oil drums'flush hoses'Oil Tank'and the
.ilter also.

/se (asket Paste "hen fi$ing them

Once the 0oint is detached' use fresh (askets

(asket Paste shall be applied uniformly before

pressing onto a metal surface.

All the Bushings must be thoroughly cleaned

especially the Bottom Portion before assembly.

Bushing Shields must be fitted to the Bushing before

assembly.

Storage of (asket is &ery important.#o rolling'folding

Oil Pockets for OT- !T- must be filled "ith Oil

before fitting the Sensing Bulbs

.or Transformers rated belo" 11k& 2acuuming to be

done at belo" 34,mm5g

.or Transformers abo&e 11k& 2acuuming to be

done at 678mm of 5g

*9uali:er pipe connections must be connected

bet"een the ;ain Tank and OLTC to a&oid
Buckling of OLTC

The Bursting 5ead of *$plosion 2ent to be

remo&ed and a Blanking Plate fi$ed before
&acuuming the Transformer.

The )e9uired &acuuming shall be for t"o

hours. )eplace 2ent *$plosion 5ead

Oil may be in%ected through the Bottom Drain

2al&e into the Transformer.#o )ubber 5oses
should be used for filling

5ot Oil Circulation to be done to e$pel moisture

from the insulation at 1,<6,deg

Cooler Connections must be open for 5ot Oil

Circulation.

Circulation must be continued for about a "eek until

#o ;oisture drops are seen from the .ilter
2acuum e$haust and -) 2alues impro&e.

The Status of Drying should also confirm the BD2 of

Oil at 1,k&=mt and moisture content at >7ppm.

.i$ the Arcing 5orns for the Bushings ?for 11k& and
abo&e@and ad%ust

Connect the Transformer Body earth

)elease any Trapped Air from the Bushings' Top

Co&er etc

Connect the 5eating Coils of the !T- to BCT

Terminals.


Precautions to be taken !en orkin"
in a #i$e Substation %
>
Do not "ork too close to another Li&e e9uipment
>
Before "orking Take a Permit. All sources of po"er
must be disconnected
>
A safety earth to be pro&ided "here&er necessary
>
The Area of "ork should be surrounded "ith a
Safety )ibbon and all the staff clearly educated
>
Trained and 9ualified persons must carry out
inspection and enforce safety


>
All the Testing de&ices must be handled by Aualified
persons
>
A Safety Sargent should be posted at the "ork site
"ho should deenergi:e if needed
>
-f it is necessary to "ork inside the Tank' Dry Air
must be allo"ed as the Oil is pumped out .
>
Dry Air supply must be slo"ly allo"ed inside from
the Bottom and allo"ed to go out from the top by
keeping one Blanking Plate Open should a person
"ork inside


>
Another Person should al"ays stay outside
"atching the person inside
>
*lectrical Tools should be used "ith plug pins only
>
!arning Boards should be *$hibited
>
Before energi:ing the *9uipment ensure that all the
"orking personnel ha&e come out and all the *arths
pro&ided for safe "orking are remo&ed.


ERECTION,O&M OF ' P!ase (()*+,''*
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS
~
)ead the ;anufacturers -nstructions carefully.
~
The Transformer should be commissioned only after
completing all the assembly and Pre<commissioning
Tests.
~
Bou can refer to the follo"ing -SS as necessaryC
~
-S>>4, ?Out door Dist Tr@' -S +,+1 ?Po"er Tr@' -S
+,88 ?52 Porcelain Bushing@' -S 33D6 ?Out Door
Bushings@'-S 6D+>?L2 Bushings@' -S 337 ?#e" -ns
Oil@' -S 11,, ?Loading (uide for Tr@' -S>+DDD ?Cu
!ire )ods@' -S 7 ?Color for )eady ;i$ Paints@


~
;obile Crane or other appro&ed de&ices should be
used.
~
.or Loading and /nloading the Transformer the T"o
Lifting Lugs pro&ided on the sides of the Transformer
should only be used.
~
Ade9uate care must be taken "hen shifting the Tr
to site from Storage Bard
~
The Transformer is dispatched in complete shape "ith
the Tank' core !indings' Conser&ator' 2ent' 52
L2 Bushings' assembled. 2isual -nspection must be
done before erection to detect any damages' leakage
of oil'cracks.



~
Pre commissioning Site Tests such as ;egger
Test' )atio Test' *$citation Current' !inding
Continuity'Oil sample Testing for Dielectric and
Acidity to be done.
~
Oil is inflammable.Take care not to bring naked
flame or light such as during "elding near the
Transformer
~
.ibrous cleaning material should not be used.
/se cloth


Equipment for Erection, Testing and
Equipment for Erection, Testing and
Commissioning
Commissioning

AC 2oltmeters ?,<1,,2@< + nos

)atio Test ;eter

;egger ? 7,,&olts and >,,, &olts or +,,,&olts@

*lectric Oil Pump = 5and Pump

Spanners Single=Double *dged' )ing' complete Set

Scre" Dri&ers' assorted si:es' Tester

Enife' TailorFs scissors

;S Bolts #uts' !ashers ?plain and spring@

Cotton cloth for cleaning

Paint Brush "ith Paint as re9uired

Oil Sampling Bottle and Testing Eit

Transformer should be erected on a Le&el

.oundation

The .oundation must be properly designed.

Sufficient clearances bet"een phases and (round

shooed be maintained

.or -ndoor -nstallation' good &entilation must

e$ist

*$amine Standard .ittings like )ating Plate' Oil

(auge'Lifting Lugs' Conser&ator'2ent' etc

Bi ;etallic Connectors to be used in 52 L2

connections

Transformer *arthing Terminals must be earthed.

?#ote C)(O core is connected to clamping frame
"hich is connected to the Transformer Tank@

Lifting Lugs pro&ided on the Tank Co&er is meant

for Lifting Core !indings. #or for Lifting Tank

Check for Drain &al&e' Sampling 2al&e' Oil Le&el

(auge' Breather' 2ent' Bottom Channel ?;ounting@'
Corrugated .ins for )adiator.


Pre Co--issionin" Tests
Pre Co--issionin" Tests
0
0atio Test
0atio Test
C
C

This can be done by using a Turns )atio Tester or by

using T"o 2olt meters.

Applying a 3 phase D>7 &olts supply on 52 side'

measure the

2oltages on the L2 side bet"een phases and also

bet"een phase and (round on e&ery Tap.

Check Continuity of "inding at e&ery tap.

*nsure that the &oltages as measured is as per the

)ating plate and "ithin the Tolerance permitted.

Alternati&ely ' the Turns )atio can be directly

checked at &arious Taps by )atio Tester


O
-nsulation )esistance
-nsulation )esistance
C
C

The -) &alues should be checked "ith a 7,,

2olts megger for L2 "inding and a >,,,=+,,,
&olts megger for 52 "inding

-) &alues bet"een Phase to (round on all 52

and L& "indings must be taken . Also bet"een
52 L2 . The Temperature at the time of test
must be noted

The ;egger Leads must be continuous<no %oints

permitted

#o e$ternal Lines'LAs must be connected to the

Transformer

The 52 L2 Bushings must be thoroughly

cleaned.

The Safe -) 2alues as per CB-P >>k& and 33k&

are C

2oltage.. ;inimum safe -) in ;ega Ohms at a

Temperature of

G C 3, D, 7, 1,

>>k& D,, +,, >,, 7,

33k& 7,, +7, >+7 17

Temp >.84 3.87 6.47 >7.47

Correction

Precautions C
Precautions C
Any -) 2alue taken must be )educed to +, deg C.
All the &alues must be taken "ith the same
instrument'temperature recorded "ith the same meter.
Note
Note that for e&ery >, GC rise in Temperature the -)
&alue gets 5al&ed.
O
T+N D8/T+
T+N D8/T+
(Dielectric Dissipation :actor) on
(Dielectric Dissipation :actor) on
the Windings5
the Windings5
This Test indicates the Dielectric Loss .actor.
The Po"er .actor of the -nsulation is directly related
to the moisture absorbed by the "inding.
The higher the Po"er .actor'the greater is the moisture
absorption. The ideal "ould be ,.,>H >, to the po"er
of


O
3agneti;ing Current 5
3agneti;ing Current 5
A 3 phase D>7 2olts supply is applied to the
Primary and the ;agneti:ing current measured in
all the phases.
These &alues must be e9ual and confirm to the
;anufacturers Test Certificates.


O
$il Tests5
$il Tests5

The BD2 of -nsulating Oil must "ithstand 3, k& per

minute "hen Tested "ith a Eit ha&ing >+mm spheres
and a +.7 mm (ap

The same "ill hold good in respect of OLTC oil for

Po"er Transformers.

Oil samples from Top and Bottom ha&e to be collected

for this Test.


<eneral Checks 5
<eneral Checks 5

Air release must be done.

Drain =Top= Sampling &al&es must be closed.2al&e

if any bet"een conser&ator and Tank must be open.

Thermometer pockets must be filled "ith oil

Transformer #eutral and Body *arth must be

connected to *arth.

Oil Le&el is upto the mark. Breather is OE

After all the Tests as abo&e are satisfactoryC

Allo" a settling time of *ight hours

)elease Air from all the pockets

*nergi:e the Transformer "ith L2 .uses in the

Distribution Bo$ remo&ed

Obser&e for any abnormal 5um or Sound

-f OE' measure 2oltage bet"een phases and

bet"een phase to (round

After a fe" hours' take out the Transformer' check

and rectify any abnormality and put it back into
operation


MAINTENANCE OF TRANSFORMERS

3aintain a register indicating all the (reco!!issioning

Test 0esults.

+n4 !aintenance should %e done after de=energisation

of Transfor!er and 8arthing

(h4sical inspection !ust %e done periodicall4 for an4

$il /eakages) /oose -. & /. & 8arth Connections)
Clean the ,od4) ,ushings etc)

During $&er hauls) the core and winding !ust %e

lifted) windings inspected for displace!ent) core for
an4 looseness) Tie 0ods) cla!ps) %olts and nuts for
tightness) Ducts for an4 %lockage due to sludge and
re!ed4.

Check the /oad in +!peres on /. side 0egularl4

Check /T .oltages in all the phases

Check $il le&el./eakages.

Check for tightness of -./.Connections once in

si9 !onths.

Test the $il for Dielectric 6trength and +cidit4 once

in a 4ear.

$&erhaul the Transfor!er atleast once in :i&e

>ears.


ERECTION,O&M OF 'P.,''+(()* ERECTION,O&M OF 'P.,''+(()*
'.(/-$a,/.0-$a TRANSFORMERs '.(/-$a,/.0-$a TRANSFORMERs

)ead the -nstruction ;anual Carefully.

)ead the complete set of Dra"ings .

*nergi:e only after completing all the assembly

"ork'conducting all the Pre Commissioning Checks
and satisfactory pre commissioning Tests.

The )ele&ant -ndian standards areC

-S +,+1 ?P>@' ?P+@' ?P3@' ?PD@' ?P7@ on
Po"er Transformer (eneral'Temp )ise'Dielectric
Tests' Terminal marking Tapings' Bushings
Clearances

Small capacity Transformers' after tests are

dispatched filled "ith Oil.!here the Conser&ator
and )adiators are of detachable type' Oil is filled
upto >D,mm belo" Top Co&er.

/se Lifting Lugs pro&ided on the Top of the

Transformer on either side. Do not use the Lugs
pro&ided on t he Top Co&er. These are meant for
Lifting Core and !indings

/se Suitable ;obile Crane or appro&ed Lifting

De&ices for unloading=Loading

Packages containing Bushings Accessories

must be carefully handled

-n Lifting the Complete Transformers use such Lugs

to maintain balance and a&oid Tilting

Before /nloading the Transformers recei&ed from

the .actory' *$amine the parts for any missing'
damaged itemsI

Before commissioning' conduct 2isual Checks'

;egger the !indings'Do the )atio Test' Check
!inding Continuity'*$cite "ith Lo" 2oltage'
Conduct BD2 of Oil

Do not store for Longer periods.All Blanking plates

etc must be preser&ed

A properly designed .oundation must be ready.

Oil Soak Pits are recommended.

*asy access around the Transformer.

*nsure Proper Clearance to Li&e Parts.

Cardon the !ork place "ith Safety )ibbon and

Danger Boards.

-ndoor -nstallations must be "ell &entillated.

Oil is inflammable.Take care "hen "elding nearby.

A&oid assembly' as far as possible on a moist day.

Those ha&ing access to the interior of the Transformer

must empty their pockets.

!orkmen should tie the spanners they use' to their

hands' "ith Strings?Cotton@

Clean e&ery part "ith Oil or "ith #on fluffy cloth

for "iping

The Transformer oil can be circulated to get a

Temperature abo&e ambient before accessing
interiors.

Transformer should be erected on a Le&el

.oundation

Oil .ilteration to be Stopped !hen BD2 is

D,E&=mt' !C<+7ppm' Tan Delta ,.,7?33k&@

Tools Testing *9uipment )e9uiredC

Oil Test Eit

)atio ;eter ? T"o AC 2olt ;eters@

;obile Crane

2acuum (auge

;egger';otor Operated'>.,k&=+.7E&

5ydraulic 0acks'!ooden Sleepers= Packing "ood'

spanners'tools.

Stream Line .ilter

Slings' Shackles

Chain Pulley Blocks=Tirfor

Tarpaline')opes'Cleaning rags etc

Pre Commissioning TestsC

)atio Test

Polarity Test

)esistance of "indings "ith Eel"in Bridge

-nsulation )esistance

;agneti:ing Current

Oil Tests BD2=Acidity

*rection' assembly must bear the safety clearances

"hen "orking in Li&e Stations

Settings of all Current and 2oltage Operated )elays

and Testing

Operation of Alarms Tripping

All 5& and L2 connections must be tight

*nsure Proper #eutral and Body *arthing

)elease Air from all Air )elease Pockets

*nsure all )adiator 2al&es are Open

*nsure Drain 2al&es'Sample 2al&es'Top &al&es in

closed condition

Thermometer Pockets are filled "ith Oil

Oil Le&el is as re9uired

Arcing 5orns and (aps set.

!T- CT connected to Compensating 5eater.

Allo" a settling Time of +D hours

)elease the Air from all the Pockets again

*nergi:e the Transformer from 52.

#ote for any abnormal 5um= sound

Check the L2 2oltages

Build up the 2oltage in Steps and )ecord

Transformer should be s"itched off again after +D hrs

#ote any abnormal Temperature=&ibration= hum=

beha&iour.)ectify.

*nergise and Load the Transformer.

All the details to be recorded and informed to the

;anufacturer.

Check points for Large Transformers

Eeep a fire fighting e9uipment )eady

!elding "orks must bear .ire Safety

#o smoking near the Transformer=.ilter

*arth all Control Cabinets'and;Bs

*nsure that the Tank has no pressure "hen Blanking

Plate is being opened

)emo&e all loose parts on the Top co&er

.asten tools to "rist. *mpty Pockets.

/tmost care at "ork site

All components to be "ell cleaned.

;inimum *$posure of Core !inding

Any ob%ect dropped inside despite all precautions

must be brought out.

Assemble Turrets in )ight places

Calibrate OT- !T-

Check Oil Le&els in Bushings

Settings of OT- !T-' Alarm=Trip

*arth )esistance of Transformer *arth

5and operation of OLTC in all Taps

Limit S"itches Operation of OLTC

Step By Step Operation of OLTC

Local=)emote Operation of OLTC

Tap Position -ndicator

Out of Step )elay of Tap cahnger

Off Circuit Tap Changer -nter Lock

Analyse any (as Collected in Buch )elay

Check -nter Trip operation

Trip .ree Operation of 52 L2 CBs.

Check Alarms =Trips as belo"C

Bucholt:' !T- 'OT-' Oil .lo"'!ater .lo"'

Differential Pressure ?Lo" Cooling@'.an fail'P)
2al&e 'Diffl )elay'O=C )elay'*=. )elay')*. )elay.


Color of (as Due to Decomposition ofC
!hite Paper Cloth
Bello" !ood
(rey -ron
Black *lectric arc in Oil
Clear Air
!hen (as Passed throF 7J Ag #o3 solC
!hite Precipitate turning Bro"n. Oil Decomposition
!hen (as passed thro "eak Ammonia solution' if the
curdled precipitate turns to Dark Bro"n' indicates
Paper'"ood'cotton decomposition.


~
2acuum .iltration of Oil should be done separately
at 7,<6, deg C'and shall be terminated on attaining
parameters belo"C
~
upto >D7k& 1,k&=mt BD2' +,ppm !C
~
upto +D7k& 17k&=mt BD2' >7ppm !C
~
upto D+,k& 6,k&=mt BD2' >7ppm !C
2AC//; T)*AT;*#T
k& *&acuate5old Standing Time
? >D7 >+5rs >+5rs
upto D+, +D5rs D45rs
@ D+, 315rs >+,5rs
No 8lectrical Test (er!itted in .acuu!


Don1ts 2or Poer Trans2or-ers.
Don1ts 2or Poer Trans2or-ers.
>.DonFt *nergise "ithout -n&estigation if it Trips
+.DonFt )e *nergise "ithout analysis of (as if
Bucholt: )elay Acts
3.DonFt )e *nergise "ithout conducting all Pre
Commissioning Tests
D.DonFt 5andle Off Ckt Tap changer "hen the
Transformer is in ser&ice
7.DonFt *nergise the Transformer unless the Off Ckt
TC is Locked
1.DonFt Lea&e Tertiary Terminals un<protected.Connect
LAs


6.DonFt allo" OT-=!T- to e$ceed 17 deg C..ilter Temp
beyond 6,deg C.
4.DonFt Parallel Transformers unless conditions are
satisfied
8.DonFt /se Lo" Capacity Lifting 0acks
>,. DonFt ;o&e the Transformers "ith Bushings fitted
>>.O&er Load Transformer ?limits as per -S 11,,@
>+.Change !T-=OT- settings fe9uently
>3.Lea&e the )ed Pointer?;a$@ behind the Black
Pointer?-nstant@


>D.Allo" Loose Connections
>7.;eddle "ith Protection Circuits
>1.Allo" Conser&ator Oil Le&el fall belo" >=D le&el
>6.Allo" Oil Le&el in Bushings fall .Top up
immediately
>4. Allo" shalling Bo$ and Control Cabinets
unlocked.
>8.S"itch off 5eater in ;B off.
+,.Allo" Dirt Deposits on Bushings
+>.Allo" any /n<authorised Person near the
Transformer.


++.Lea&e Ladders /n<Locked "hen Transformer is in
ser&ice
+3.Allo" !ater Pressure more than Oil Pressure
+D.;i$ Oil unless it confirms to -S C337
+7.Allo" inferior Oil.Process it confirm -S
>411?BD2!C@.
+1.Continue "ith Pink silica gel.)econdition or replace
+6.Lea&e Secondary Terminals of CT Open
+4.Store for Longer Periods


D$A6 :$0 ($W80 T0+N6:$03806 5
D$A6 :$0 ($W80 T0+N6:$03806 5
>.Check thouroughly "hen an Alarm =Trip occurs
+.Check Air Cell in Conser&ator
3.Attend Lakages of Oil in Bushings -mmediately
D.Clean Petty Coats of Bushings occassionally
7.Check BD2 !C of Oil in ;ain tank and BD2 for
OLTC
1.Check Oil Seal in Breather'top up if re9d
6.Check Oil for Acdity
4.Tighten -nspection co&er Bolts #uts /niformly
"hen re9d
8.Clean )elay Alarm Contacts'their operation'accuracy
etc


>,.Periodically check Protection Circuits
>>.Pointers of all the gauges for free mo&ement
>+.Clean the Oil Conser&ator thoroughly before *rection
>3.Check Bucholt: )elay Operation
>D.Check Painting and touch up if necessary
>7.Check !T-=OT- Oil Pockets and replenish Oil if need
be
>1.)elease Air through 2ent of Di&ertor before *nergising
>6.Check Oil Le&el in Di&ertor
>4.Check (ear Bo$ Oil Le&el'Top up
>8.)eplace "orn out OLTC contacts as re9uired


+,.Check all Bearings and Lubricate
+>.Eeep the *9ualising Pipe 2al&e bet"een the Tank
OLTC if pro&ided' open during 2acuuming and Oil
filling.
++.Connect a #+ Cylinder and keep the &al&e open'
maintain a positi&e pressre through the Automatic ?or
;anual@ regulator
+3..ill the Transformer "ith Oil at the *arliest.
+D .Check Door Seals of ;arshalling Bo$ and )eplace
+7. Check "hether the ;ain Tank can "ithstand 2acuum
and if so the Safe Limit.?.or *52 class >.,, Torr@
Note
Note5
0adiators and Conser&ator Tanks cannot
0adiators and Conser&ator Tanks cannot
withstand .acuu!
withstand .acuu!


MAINTENANCE SC.EDU#ES
(For Power Transformers)
Hourly :
!inding Temperature' Oil Temperature' Ambient
Temperature
Load in Amps ?;in=;a$@'2oltages?;in=;a$@
Daily :
Oil Le&el in Conser&ator'OLTC'Bushings'Oil Leakages
Mon!ly :
Breather functioning'Silica gel'Oil seal'Cleanliness of
Bushings'Loose Connections?5ot Spots@


"uarerly :
v
Cleanliness of Bushings'Oil Leakages'BD2 and !C of Oil
v
.unctioning of Cooler .ans ' Oil Pumps
v
Check OLTC Operation<Step by Step'Limit S"itch'Brakes.
v
Check Breather functioning and Oil Leaks
Annual :
v
Transformer Oil Tests
v
Alarms and Trips
v
OT- !T- Pockets
v
*arth Connection ?#eutral and Body@
v
Oil Leaks
v
.an ;otors
v
Oil Pumps
v
Oil Le&els Di&ertor ser&icing


v
Di&ertor S"itch Oil<)eplacement
v
Bushing Connectors for Tightness
v
Test Bucholt: )elay by Air -n%ection
v
Test Pressure )elief Trip
v
Tan Delta for Bushings and !inding

Ma3or O$er .au4
Ma3or O$er .au4
($nce in B to 10 >ears) ($nce in B to 10 >ears)
Detailed e9a!ination of the winding)Core) $il)
,ushings)(rotecti&e De&ices)6elector& Di&ertor
6witches etc.


Permissible BD2 !C
Belo" 6+.7k& K D,k&=mt' +7ppm
6+.7 to >D7k& K 7,k&=mt' +,ppm
>D7 abo&e K 1,k&=mt'>7ppm
?The (ap in Testing Eit to be +'7mm@
-) &alues at 3,deg C for Po"er Distribution
TransformersC
33=>>k& >>k& =DD,2
52 to *arth +7,;L +,,;L
L2 to *arth +,,;L >,,;L
52 to L2 +7,;L +,,;L


Sin"4e P!ase A-or5!ous Meta4

Trans2or-er
Suitable for C Direct Pole ;ounting
Plinth ;ounting
Temperature )ise ?Abo&e Ambient@C
D7 deg C by !inding
D, deg C by Oil
)ating C
>>k&=+D,2'D.7J M'67k&?Peak@ B-L'copper
CoreC
Shell Type' made of Amorphous ;etal ?-ron<
Boron<Silicon @Alloy properly annealed'after
"inding the core


!indingsC Core<L2<52
-nter Layer -nsulation< *po$y resin Bonded Eraft
Paper
Transformer Oil C As per -S 337 ?latest@
Tests Before Commissioning C
?>@ Physical< Tank Denting
Damaged fittings
Cracked=Broken Bushings
Loose Bolts #uts
Loose *arthing
52 Studs Loose=Bent
?moisture may ingress@


?+@*lectrical TestsC
a@ -) Test ?"ith >,,,& ;egger@
;eggering should be done for one minute
;inimum -) 2alues at +,deg CC
52 to L2 *arthedK7,, ;ega Ohms
L2 to 52 *arthedK7,, ;ega Ohms
52 to L2KKKK.. 7,, ;ega Ohms
? Temperature Corrections to be applied@
b@ )atio C
Apply ++, 2olts bet"een primary and measure the
secondary &oltage. Should confirm "ith )ating Plate.



Mainenan#e S#!e$ule
Mainenan#e S#!e$ule
;onthlyC
?>@ 2isual -nspection
?+@ Check Connections for Tightness
Auarterly C
?>@ 2isual -nspection
?+@ Check Bushings for Cracks=Damages= Dirt and
Clean.
Annual C
?>@ Oil Tests for BD2' Acidity Top /p
?+@ Check *arth )esistance
?3@ 2isual -nspection


Once in T"o Bears C
?Applicable for Transformers "ithout Conser&ator@C
-nternal -nspection'Oil .ilteration' Tests as re9uired.
Once in .i&e Bears C
Complete O&erhaul ? lifting of core "indings'
e$amining'tightening' replacement of Oil' (askets'
Tightening of connections'Checking *arth Connections'
Drying' Pre commissioning Tests'checks@


Co-54ete46 Se42 Protecte7 Trans2or-er
Co-54ete46 Se42 Protecte7 Trans2or-er
8CSP9
8CSP9
?>@ -t is 5ermetically Sealed' ;aintenance .ree' 5igh
Performance
?+@ Does not allo" consumer to meddle
?3@ Takes care of O&er Loads
?D@ Allo"s *mergency Controls
?7@ Signals O&er Loads
?1@ Less .ailure )ate ?> to +J as compared to +,J in
con&entional@



v
5as -nternal *$pulsion .use for 52 side
v
The abo&e mounted inside the 52 Bushing in
series "ith 52 !inding.
v
The .use designe do meet >+ times full load current
for >, milli seconds
v
LT circuit Breaker is ;ounted inside the Tank to
protect against O&er Loads
v
Bimetallic strips utilised to indicate the O&er Load
and trip the LT CB
v
Latching can be ad%usted from outside to trip the CB
for higher Loads if it is necessary to close the CB
immediately after it trips to meet o&er Loads


v
;agnetic TripsC are pro&ided as an additonal
feature in some CBs to pro&ide -nstantaneous
Trip.
v
Coordination of 52 .use and L2 CB are designed
for Bolted .aults.
v
LAs are directly mounted on the 52 Bushings to
minimise lead lengths
v
Transformer is completely sealed "ith #itrogen
cushion ?77J of the Oil &olume is pro&ided for
#+ Cushion to allo" *$pansion Contraction due
to loads and temperature &ariations@


Maintenance :
+
Clean Body Bushings
+
Check Bushings for Cracks
+
Check 52L2 Connections for Tightness
+
Check *arth Connection
+
Check *arth )esistance
+
Check for O&er Loads
+
Check -) &alues
+
O&erhaul once in 7 years
?Precautions and Pre< Commissioning checks=Tests on
par "ith other Transformers e$cept Oil tests etc. )



Amorphous Meta Transformers
*
-ron<Boron<Silicone ;etal Alloy is particularly
*$cellent
*
-t has Crystalline Structure
*
!hen it is melted and suddenly cool ed at a faster
rate' it solidifies "ithout Crystalisation
maintaining Amorphous state.
*
Ad&antageC Lo" Core Losses


B
Su%&saions
B
'us 'ars : In Door.. Generally Rigid
B
Out Door .. Rigid/ Strung
B
Single Bus
B
Double Bus
B
Double Bus with Transfer Bus
B
Mesh or One !alf Brea"er Syste#
B
Maerial $ould be $o%%er / &llu#iniu#
B
ACSR Con$u#or( Al)*i*e Si+es normally use$:
B
''"( )*/+.+,- .# -+## dia
B
)'/"( '0/+.),1 .# 1+## dia
B
//+"( ,)/+.)20 .# 1+##dia
B
Cir#ui 'rea,ers :
B
Bul" Oil $ir.uit Brea"ers
B



B
Mini#u# Oil $ir.uit Brea"ers
B
&ir Blast $ir.uit Brea"ers
B
3a.uu# $ir.uit Brea"ers
B
&ir $ir.uit Brea"ers
B
3a.uu# $onta.tors
B
S4, $ir.uit Brea"ers
B
Dis#onne#in- Swi#!es:
B
!ori5ontal Brea"6 $entre 7ost Rotating
B
Two 7ost Rotating
B
Single Brea" / Double Brea"
B
3erti.al Brea"6 Single Brea"
B
7ento Gra%h.
B
Curren Transformers :
B
8i(e Tan"
B
Dead Tan"


B
Indoor 9$ast resin)
B
Out Door
B
$ore Ty%e 9Bushing $T)
B
Ratio $hanging .an be on the 7ri#ary or
the Se.ondary winding
B
:u#ber of se.ondary .ores .ould be u%to
4i(e as ; 9)) Metering
B
9/) 7rote.tion
B
9') Differential 9for Gen Trs)
B
9-) Bus Bar 9Main)
B
92) Bus Bar 9$he.")


B
8ightning &rrestors;
B
<in. O=ide
B
Ga% with Blow out Magneti. .oil
B
7otential Transfor#ers ;
B
>le.tro Magneti. Transfor#ers
B
$a%a.itor 3oltage Transfor#ers
B
In general there will be two $ores
B
9)) ))+ (olts 9/) ))+/s? root of '
B
Stru.tures ;
B
Steel
B
$e#ent $on.rete


B
Tele Metering ;
B
@a(e Tra%
B
$3T with 8MA
B
&u=iliaries ;
B
>arthing
B
$ables ; 7ower / 8T /!T
B
$ontrol &$ / D$
B
7T / $T
B
73$ / B87> / 4ire Resistant
B
Single / Multi .ore
B
$o%%er / &llu#iniu#
B
Stranded / single


B
Oil handling Syste#
B
Illu#ination 9 :or#al >#ergen.y)
B
$o#%ressed &ir syste#
B
O(er !ead $rane
B
4ire 7rote.tion Sand/water/$O/ / 4oa#/
B
Mulsifier syste#
B
D$ Su%%ly ; Single / Double Battery
B
&$ Su%%ly ; Main / &lternate
B
>#ergen.y Diesel generator
B
Double 4eed
B
$o##uni.ation


B
Safety $learan.es ;
B
:or#al !ighest BI8 7h67h 7h6 >
B
C3 C3 .# .#
B
'' ', )0+ '/ -+
B
)'/ )-2 22+ ))2 )'2
B
,2+ )'1 ),+
B
//+ /-2 *++ )*, /'+
B
)+2+ /'+ /0+
B
Se.tional $learn.e;
B
''"( ',"( '++
B
)'/"( )-2"( '2+
B
//+"( /-2"( -'+


B
8ightning &rrestors ;
B
!igh 3oltages are .aused due to ;
B
9)) Syste# Instabilty
B
9/) Syste# 4ault
B
9') Swit.hing Dis.harges
B
9-) 8ightning
B
The Duration of !3 .ould be ;
B
& few Mi.ro Se.onds to & 4ew Se.onds
B
The !igh 3oltage Range .ould be ;
B
).)2 to - ti#es the :or#al o%erating
3oltage.


B
<I:$ OBID> 8&s;
B
$o#%rises <nO 7oly .rystalline ele#ent
B
!oused in a hollow insulator
B
:oDsi5e de%ends on syst C(D >nergy .lass
B
>a.h Grain has ) to )+ oh# .#
B
Grain Boundary has )+ to the %ower of )+
B
The Resistan.e of the Inter Granular 8ayer
de.reases at a threshold (alue
B
Dis.harge ta"es %la.e and nor#ali5ed
B
The Resistan.e is :on68inear.
B
There are thre ty%es of Regions/<ones;


B
9)) 7re6Brea" down; D )#a %er $# .ube
B
9/) Brea" Down stage
B
9') A% Return; E )+++& %er $# $ube
B
So#e I#%ortant 7ara#eters;
B
9)) $O3 ; :or#al 3oltage/s? rt of '
B
9/)M$O3 ; Ma= sys C3/s?.rt.of '
B
Rated C3 F Ma= sys "( G G44
B
G44 9Ground 4ault 4a.tor)F
B
+.1 for Solidly earthed syste#
B
).+ for In effe.ti(ely >arthed syste#
B
8& Dis.harges; 2"& to /+"&.


B
7ressure Relief Dia%hrag# is %ro(ided as
an >=haust 3ent to safe guard e?ui%#ents
B
8as designed on 7ollution 8e(els ;
B
8ight.),##
B
Mediu#/+##
B
!ea(y../2##
B
3.!ea(y..')##
B
Other $onditions;
B
&#bient ; H2+$ to 6)+$
B
&ltitude ; &bo(e )+++#ts
B
8o.ation ; $orrosi(e / 7olluted /S#o"e
B
$he#i.al / $onta#ination
B



B
&bnor#al 4re?uen.y ;
B
I -1!< or E ,/!<
B
&bnor#al $onditions;
B
>arth Jua"e
B
3ibrations
B
!igh @ind
B
I.ing
B
!ealth Monitoring ;
B
9)) $he." Surge $ounter Rading regularly
B
9/) $he." 8ea"age $urrents
B
9') $he." >=haust 3ents


B
Curren Transformers:
B
The 7ri#ary winding is generally a Bar.
B
It .ould .onsist of two or #ore turns to sa(e .o%%er of the
se.ondary winding
B
There is no a%%re.iable (oltage dro% in the 7ri#ary.
B
& !ea(y .urrent .ould flow through the 7ri#ary at a !igh
3oltage.
B
The .urrent in the 7ri#ary is not de%endant on the 8oad
on the se.ondary.
B
& nu#ber of se.ondary windings 9.alled .oresDRing
Ty%e) are %la.ed around the 7ri#ary.
B
The $lassifi.ation .ould be for #eteringD%rote.tion et.
B
The Iron $ore #ust be of 8ow 8ossD 8ow Relu.tan.e
ty%e #ust ha(e 8ow 4lu= Density 9about )+++ lines /s?
.#). MAM>T&8 9:i64e &lloy) is used as $ore.
B
The Ratio .hanging .ould be on 7ri#ary or Se.ondary.


B
If you ha(e a '++/) $TD and if the 7ri#ary
is a single turn BarD the se.ondary will
ha(e '++ turns. If you want a )2+/) RatioD
the se.ondary #ust ha(e a ta% at )2+
turns.
B
&lternatelyD if the %ri#ary has two turnsD if
the two turns are .onne.ted in seriesDby
Ratio $hanging 8in"sD the rated ) a#%
.urrent .orres%onding to )2+ & flows in the
se.ondary.
B
If the 7ri#ary is .onne.ted in %arallelD the
se.ondary will still deli(er ) a#% but will
.orres%ond to '++ & %ri#ary .urrent.


B
Generally a $urrent Transfor#er in the
>!3 .lass is her#eti.ally sealedDand is
Maintenan.e 4ree 9Internal)
B
I#%ortant ; The Se.ondary @inding should
not be left o%en or loose.Dangerously !igh
3oltages will a%%ear.
B
$8>&R&:$>S ; 9##)
B
(oltge 4or e?ui%#ent %h6%h s%a.ing in
B
rating %h6%h %h6> Isol Sw 9&!)
B
))"( -,+ ')+ ,)+ */+
B
''"( */+ ,)+ 0,+ )//+
B
)'/"( )0++ )+/+ /)-+ '+2+


B
$learan.es in Strung Bus 9##)
B
C3 Rating S%a.e between .ondu.tors
B
//+ -2++
B
)'/ ',++
B
'' //++
B
)) )'++
B
Ground $learan.es ; 9##)
B
//+ "( 22++
B
)'/"( -,++
B
''"( '0++
B
))"( '0++


B
Se.tional $learan.es 9##);
B
C3 Rating $learan.e
B
//+ -'++
B
)'/ '2++
B
'' /1++
B
)) /,++
B
$learan.e for Indoor >?ui%#ent 9##);
B
C3 Rating 7h6 7h 7h 6 >arth
B
'' '2, ///
B
)) )/0 0,
B
9when .ondu.torsD bus are not insulated)


B
Ga% Settings;9##)
B
Sys C3 Tr Bushg ga% TT Ga% Ga%&T
B
'' none none none
B
)'/ 1++ 0'2 0,+
B
//+ ))-+ ))/+ ))/+