WORKSHEET 6 MATERIALS

1. Look at the objects below and say what they are made from.

2. Read the article a) The first material used by man was w b) Ir n is n t used s mu"h t day ") #y heatin$ metal the material be" mes brittle d) % u "ann t bend ir n when it is heated Materials used in en$ineerin$ Man has always tried t " uld see ar und him) s w d! A l t the St ne A$e! One man t ma&e different t d!

and decide

whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

ls t

im'r (e and sim'lify use were th se he

his li(in$ standard! The first materials he was able t

the m st im' rtant material was st ne and

f different materials useful f r man ha(e been f und sin"e f the m st im' rtant materials that m st hel'ed

de(el ' were metals! * ''er and $ ld were the first metals f ir n re and "reatin$ ir n! lr n is e+tremely str n$ mu"h t day, The main

dis" (ered by man! An ther brea&thr u$h in de(el 'in$ materials was the dis" (ery " m'ared t w ad(anta$e d and " ' 'er and it is still the m st widely used metal

t day! Why d es man still use metals s

f metals and es'e"ially their all ys is their t u$hness and lin$ the metal the material be" mes t u$her bend and sha'e by

stren$th! The 'r 'erties f metals "an be further im'r (ed by the use f heat! #y heatin$ and " usin$ sim'le t and less brittle! - r instan"e ir n is .uite easy t ls when it is heated!

. !o you know how "eo"le refine iron# $se the following words to com"lete the te%t below& concentration, pure, combine, ore, with, stronger, from, refine. T ma&e ir n) we ha(e t start with ir n /0) 111111111111! Ir n re is

sim'ly a r "& " ntainin$ a hi$h /2) 111111111111 +y$en! T ma&e ir n fr m ir n 111111111111 ir n fr m ir n 'ure "arb n! S di +ide

f ir n " mbined with /4) re

re) we need t eliminate the +y$en t mery fire! The ir n +y$en t

"reate /3) 111111111111 ir n! The m st 'rimiti(e fa"ility used t re is "alled a bl

t $ether /5) 111111111111 "har" al is burnt there! *har" al is essentially the "arb n " mbines with and "arb n "reate "arb n m n +ide!

*arb n and "arb n m n +ide /6) 111111111111 with the +y$en in the ir n re) and "arry the +y$en away! S the ir n metal is left there! And what is the differen"e between ir n and steel, Steel is ir n where m st f the im'urities su"h as sili"a) 'h s'h rus and sul'hur are rem (ed be"ause they wea&en the material (ery mu"h! That is why steel is /6) 11111111111111 than ir n! Steel als has a " nsistent " n"entrati n f "arb n! It is usually /7) 1111111111111 8!5 'er"ent t 0!5 'er"ent! '. Think of different materials used in engineering. (an you name them# )tudy the table below* fill in the "ro"erty of materials and add more objects to each of them. +,T-R.,L $lass w d 'lasti" rubber steel " n"rete st ne 'a'er ir n $ ld " ''er aluminium /R0/-RT1 wind w furniture b ttle tyre nail beam h use te+t b & 'i'e rin$ wire air"raft 023-(T

" tt n It is really im' rtant t 'r 'erty is a .uality are n rmally

"l thes &n w the 'r 'erties f f en$ineerin$ materials! A and 'lasti"

r "hara"teristi" that ea"h material has! E!$!9 Wires made " ''er

be"ause " ''er is durable /l n$ lastin$ : it d es n t " rr de easily) and 'lasti" is fle+ible /y u "an bend it easily)! It means that the 'r 'erties f a material determine its use!