(Master in Optical Communication and Photonic Technologies) Foundations of Digital Transmission

2002, October, 23th

Homework A Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel (AWGN)

Students that will have to do this homework: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Deretti Jeferson Morlaes Rojo Fernando Moises Gloria Margarita Varn Durn Alberto Levet Cervantes Rogelio Prado Pinelo

Rules for the homework The homework has to be returned to the instructor by: Thursday 7 November 2002 (in the morning, during the class) Each student will have to return: the Matlab program (.m file), with suitable comments. The comments should allow the Matlab program to be understandable to other people a report (no more than 5 pages) in WORD, reporting an introduction, the main results (1-2 graphs and or tables) with appropriate comments and a flow chart of your (.m file). The homeworks will be graded as follows the best two homeworks of the class will get a positive grade of plus two points (+2 out of 30 points) if the homework is not returned for the specified dates, or if it is returned, but is totally unacceptable, it will give a negative grade of minus two points (-2 out of 30 points) all other situations will give 0 points

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Using Matlab, simulate a simplified digital transmission system based on a transmitter, an additive white gaussian noise channel and a receiver. The transmitter generates a random variable that assumes the values +A/2 and A/2 with equal probability. The two values of the random variable correspond to the trasmission of a digital 1 or 0. The channel corrupts the transmitted signal by the addition of a gaussian-distributed random variable n (additive noise) with a variance 2 and zero mean. Thus, the received signal r may be expressed as r = + n The receiver has to decide which of the 2 bits (1 or 0) was transmitted by measuring the received random variable r. To this end, the receiver compares r with a fixed threshold h. If r>h, the decision is +A/2 (1), while if r<h, the decision A/2 (0). In order to evaluate the performance of this transmission system, the Matlab simulation program must count the number of errors in the transmission of a sequence of bits. An error appears when the decided symbol is different from the transmitted symbol. In practice, you are required to evaluate the bit error probability, which is equal to: errored bit/transmitted bits. Thus, you are required to write the m-file following this instructions: 1. Fix the decision threshold equal to 0 (this is the best value) and plot the error probability vs. A2/2 function. 2. Plot the bit error probability vs. h function using the value of A2/2 that have produced an error probability equal to 10-3 in the previous point.

Note: in order to obtain a good estimate of the error probability it is necessary to count a sufficiently great number of bit errors (100 is typically enough). Therefore, stop transmission when the number of errors reaches 100 or the number of transmitted symbols is greater than 106 in order to limit the simulation time. Basically, you are required to simulate the systems for different bit error probability down to 10-4.

Finally, in the report, you are required to: 1. Write the analytical formula for the bit error probability as a function of h and A2/2 2. Numerically Compare the analytical formula with the simulation results. Practical software hints In order to obtain the random variable a use the rand Matlab function which generates uniformly distributed random numbers in the interval (0,1). a is -A/2 if the generated number is smaller than 0.5 and is A/2 if the generated number is greater than 0.5. Create instantaneously three vectors including the values of a, n, r for all the transmitted symbols, which cant be greater than 106.