Solar power system structure and working principle

Solar power is the use of solar energy battery components directly into electrical energy. Solar Module (Solar cells) is the use of electronic characteristic of semiconductor materials to achieve solid PV conversion device, in the vast off-grid areas, the device can be easily implemented as user-powered lighting and living, and some developed countries also regional power grid to achieve complementarity. Current from the civilian point of view, mature technology in foreign countries, and begun to take industry is "PV - Building (lighting) integration" technology, while the domestic production of major research areas without electricity for a small solar home lighting power generation systems. 1. Principles of solar power Solar power generation system include: solar module (array), controller, batteries, inverters, lighting load that is composed of the user. Among them, the solar battery components and batteries for the power system, controller and inverter for the control and protection system, the load for the system terminals. 1.1 Solar power system Solar cell and battery components of the system power supply unit, so a direct impact on battery performance characteristics of the system work. (1) Battery Unit: As technology and material reasons, a single cell generating capacity is very limited, practical solar cells in a single cell by series and parallel to form a battery system, called the battery components (arrays). Single cell is a silicon diode, according to the electronic characteristic of semiconductor materials, when the sun light shines from the P-type and N-type conductivity of two different types of homogenous composition of semiconductor materials when the PN junction, under certain conditions , solar radiation absorbed by the semiconductor material in the conduction band and valence band of non-equilibrium carrier generation is electron and hole. Barrier at the PN junction with the existence of strong built-in area electrostatic field, which can be formed in the light of the current density J, short-circuit current Isc, open circuit voltage Uoc. If the sides of the built-in electric field leads to the electrode and connected to the load, by the PN junction theory, the connection circuit and the load form the loop, there is "photo-current" flows through the solar modules to achieve the power of the load P output.

Theoretical studies have shown that the peak power of solar modules Pk, by the local solar radiation intensity and the end of the average electricity load (electricity demand) decisions. (2) electrical energy storage unit: Solar cells produce direct current into the battery before storage, the battery characteristics of the system's efficiency and features. Battery technology is very mature, but its capacity to take power by the end of the sunshine time (generation time) effects. Watt-hour battery capacity and therefore the amount of the intended consecutive An Shirong no sunshine decision. 1.2 Controller Controller's main function is to make solar power system is always in the vicinity of the maximum power generation in order to obtain maximum efficiency. The charge control usually the PWM pulse width modulation control, so that the whole system is always running at maximum power point Pm near the area. Discharge control mainly refers to when the battery power shortage, system failures, such as open or reversed when the battery cut off switch. Currently both Hitachi developed a tracking control point Pm, and can track the sun moving parameter of the "sunflower" type of controller, the battery components will be fixed about 50% efficiency. 1.3 DC-AC inverter Inverter by incentives can be divided into self-excited oscillation inverter and his excited oscillation inverter. Main function is to the DC battery The inverse into alternating current. Through the full bridge circuit, generally modulated SPWM processor, filter, boost, etc., are with the photos Ming load frequency f, the rated voltage matches the sinusoidal alternating current UN and other end users for the system.

SOLAR POWERED COMPACTING RUBBISH BIN

we have decided to produce a compacting rubbish bin that is completely solar powered. The units are around the same size as a normal bin but can handle 5 times the rubbish, thanks to a unique compacting system. The company claims increased capacity reduces collection trips and can cut fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions by 80%. The fully portable bin incorporates a 30 watt Polycrystalline solar panel protected by a polycarbonate bubble. The compactor is driven by a 1/6-HP DC gear-motor exerting a force of 1250 lbs. (570 kg). The DC motor is powered by a 12 volt deep cycle battery maintained by a solar regulator that controls the charging level.

The bins have an additional wireless communications feature whereby the unit can "call home" via SMS text when it is approaching capacity. This can save on additional emissions and expenses involved with picking up bins that aren't full. LED indicators on the bin provide a visual checking mechanism. The units can also incorporate modules for separation of recyclable materials. Materials used in the construction of the bin include galvanized sheet metal steel interior and exterior (recycled content), heavy duty plastic side panels for dent and scratch resistance (also recycled content) and the hopper is made from leak proof low-density polyethylene plastic.

Suntech Solar Panel 30Watt 12Volt (Multi-crystalline)

The STP030-12 is a 30 watt, 12 volt solar panel, and will provide enough power to trickle charge a 12V vehicle or deep cycle battery. Helps run pumps, lights, fans, and small appliances such as stereos, televisions and VCR's in caravans, boats or cabins. The STP030-12 modules are composed of 36 multi-crystalline silicon solar cells of similar performance, interconnected in series to obtain the 12 volt output. A heavy-duty anodized aluminium frame provides strength and convenient mounting access. For each 18 cells series strings, one bypass diode is installed. Cells are laminated between high transmissivity, low-iron, 3mm tempered glass and sheet of tedlar-polyester-tedlar 'TPT' material by two sheets of ethylene Vinyl acetate 'EVA'. This protects against moisture penetrating into the module.

Features

High efficiency Nominal 12 V DC for standard output Outstanding low-light performance High transparent low-iron, tempered glass Unique techniques give the panel following features: esthetic appearance, with stands high wind-pressure and snow load, and easy installation Unique technology ensure that problems of water freezing and warping do not occur Design to meet unique demand of customer

Technical Specifications

Electrical Characteristics Open circuit voltage - Voc Optimum operating voltage - Vmp 21.6 V 17.2 V 1.94 A Short circuit current - Isc Optimum operating current - Imp Operating temperature Maximum system voltage Cell No. of Cells and Connections Dimensions Weight 1.74 A -40 C to +85C 715V DC Mechanical Characteristics Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cell 156mm x 39mm 36 (4 x 9) Cells in series 426 x 680 x 18 mm 3.2 kg

Fullriver Sealed Lead Acid AGM Battery 12Volt 1.2Ah

Deep-cycle batteries typically feature thick plates with a high-density active material. The thick battery plates allow for reserve energy to be stored deep within the battery plate and released during slow discharge such as trolling or electronic instrument use. The high-density active material remains within the batteries' plate/grid structure longer, resisting the normal degradation found in cycling conditions.They are typically used where the battery is discharged to great extent and then recharged. Deep Cycle refers to applications that typically discharge 60 to 70% or more of the battery capacity. An automotive battery is an SLI battery (Starting, Lighting & ignition). Its plates are designed to deliver maximum power for a short duration. Starting an engine typically discharges an SLI battery 3% or less. When an SLI battery is used in a deep cycle application or in a vehicle with heavy accessory loads, the battery life will be shortened proportionally to how deeply and frequently it is discharged.

The Fullriver Deep Cycle battery uses a different chemistry for the plates' active paste material,and a slightly stronger acid. This chemistry allows for a much longer life in deep cycle applications with only a slight reduction in maximum power output.

General Features

Sealed Construction, able to be operated in any position. Maintenance Free Low Self Discharge 3%/mth @25 C Fast Deep Discharge Recovery More Than 99% Gas Recombination High Power Density Deep Discharge Recovery True AGM Technology Expected life span of 4 to 6 years

Technical Specifications
Electrical Characteristics 20 hour rate (60mA) 1.2AH 10 hour rate (110mA) 1.1AH 5 hour rate (200mA) 1.0AH 1 hour rate (720mA) 0.72AH 15 min rate (2.12A) 0.53AH Full charged Battery 77F (25C) 39m 104F (40C) 102% 77F (25C) 100% 32F (0C) 85% 5F (-15C) 65% Capacity after 3 month storage 91% Capacity after 6 month storage 82% Capacity after 12 month storage 64% 18A(5S) F1 F2 Initial Charging Current 240mA Or Small 14.5V~14.9V / 77F(25C) 13.6V ~ 13.8 V / 77F(25C) 12 V 1.2 AH 52 H x 97 L x 43 W mm

Capacity 77F(25C)

Internal Resistance Capacity affected by Temperature (20 hour rate)

Self-Discharge 77F (25C) Max. Discharge Current 77F(25C) Standard Terminal Optional Charging (Constant Voltage) Mechanical Characteristics Nominal Voltage Rated Capacity (20 hour rate) Dimensions Total height with terminal Cycle Float

58 mm Weight 0.59 kg

Morningstar Tristar45 Three Function Solar Controller

A solar regulator, or charge controller, is most often used with off grid wind and solar power systems. The role of a solar regulator is to control the amount of charge from a solar panel or wind turbine into a deep cycle battery bank.

Energy Matters has all your solar regulator requirements, from small off grid applications to heavy duty charge controllers for commercial scale applications. Before you buy elsewhere, check our top named brands and prices!

Morningstars TriStar Controller is a three-function controller that provides reliable solar battery charging, load control or diversion regulation. The controller operates in one of these modes at a time and two or more controllers may be used to provide multiple functions.

The TriStar uses advanced technology and automated production to provide exciting new features at a competitive cost. The optional TriStar meter is the most sophisticated and informative controller meter on the market. The controller is UL listed and is designed for both solar home systems and professional applications.

Key Features and Benefits

Highest Reliability Large heat sink and conservative design enables operating at full ratings to 45C. No need to de-rate.

More Power Ratings to 60A at 48VDC will handle solar arrays up to 4kW. Communications Capability RS-232 connects to a personal computer for custom settings, data logging and remote monitoring and control. Full Adjustable DIP switch provides user with a choice of 7 different digital presets and custom settings via RS-232. Extensive Electronic Protections Fully protected against reverse polarity, short circuit, overcurrent, high temperature and overvoltage. Simple Mechanical Interface Larger power terminals and conduit knockouts . Extra space for wire turns. Fits on power panels. Better Battery Charging Connecting battery sense wires and optional remote temperature sensor will improve control accuracy. Constant voltage series PWM algorithm increases battery capacity and life. More Information 3 LEDs to indicate status, faults and alarms. Optional meter displays extensive system and controller information, automatic self-test and reset capabilities. Meter connection via RJ-11 phone jack Easy to Reset Pushbutton provides manual reset and stop/start battery equalization or load disconnect. Low Telecom Noise DIP switch setting will change PWM toOn-Off battery charging.

Technical Specifications
Electrical Characteristics Tristar45 System voltage Min voltage Max solar voltage - Voc Self consumption: Mechanical Characteristics Dimensions Weight Largest wire Conduit knockouts Enclosure 45 A 12-48V 9V 125 V Controller < 20 mA, Meter 7.5 mA 26H x 12.7W x 7.1D cm 1.6 kg 35mm/2 AWG Eccentric 2.5/3.2 cm Type 1, indoor rated

Electric Motors

DC Right Angle Gear Motor

90 Volt 1/6HP DC Gear Motor.
TENV Shaft: 1/2" x 1 5/8" Rotation = Reversible Thermal Protection = None Mounting: All Position No output for tachometer

Height 3.6 In, Depth 3.19 In, Width 2.61 In