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Contents

ANHA Series Preface

Preface

xiii

Prologue

xvii

1 Mathematical Background
1.1
Rn and Cn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2
Abstract vector spaces . . . . . . . . .
1.3
Finite-dimensional vector spaces . . . .
1.4
Topology in Rn . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5
Supremum and inmum . . . . . . . .
1.6
Continuity of functions on R . . . . . .
1.7
Integration and summation . . . . . . .
1.8
Some special functions . . . . . . . . .
1.9
A useful technique: proof by induction
1.10 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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1
1
6
9
10
11
15
18
20
22
23

2 Normed Vector Spaces


2.1
Normed vector spaces . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2
Topology in normed vector spaces . . . .
2.3
Approximation in normed vector spaces .
2.4
Linear operators on normed spaces . . .
2.5
Series in normed vector spaces . . . . . .
2.6
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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29
29
33
35
37
40
42
ix

Contents

3 Banach Spaces
3.1
Banach spaces . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2
The Banach spaces 1 (N) and p (N)
3.3
Linear operators on Banach spaces
3.4
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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47
47
50
54
56

4 Hilbert Spaces
4.1
Inner product spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2
The Hilbert space 2 (N) . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3
Orthogonality and direct sum decomposition
4.4
Functionals on Hilbert spaces . . . . . . . .
4.5
Linear operators on Hilbert spaces . . . . . .
4.6
Bessel sequences in Hilbert spaces . . . . . .
4.7
Orthonormal bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.8
Frames in Hilbert spaces . . . . . . . . . . .
4.9
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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61
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65
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84
85

5 The
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6

Lp -spaces
Vector spaces consisting of continuous functions
The vector space L1 (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Integration in L1 (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The spaces Lp (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The spaces Lp (a, b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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93
94
98
103
109
110
111

6 The
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5

Hilbert Space L2
The Hilbert space L2 (R) .
Linear operators on L2 (R)
The space L2 (a, b) . . . . .
Fourier series revisited . .
Exercises . . . . . . . . . .

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117
117
120
124
126
130

7 The
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6

Fourier Transform
The Fourier transform on L1 (R)
The Fourier transform on L2 (R)
Convolution . . . . . . . . . . .
The sampling theorem . . . . .
The discrete Fourier transform .
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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135
135
142
145
149
154
156

8 An Introduction to Wavelet Analysis


8.1
Wavelets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2
Multiresolution analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3
Vanishing moments and the Daubechies wavelets
8.4
Wavelets and signal processing . . . . . . . . . . .
8.5
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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159
160
162
168
174
176

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Contents

xi

9 A Closer Look at Multiresolution Analysis


9.1
Basic properties of multiresolution analysis
9.2
The spaces Vj and Wj . . . . . . . . . . .
9.3
Proof of Theorem 8.2.7 . . . . . . . . . . .
9.4
Proof of Theorem 8.2.11 . . . . . . . . . .
9.5
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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181
181
185
196
197
200

10 B-splines
10.1 The B-splines Nm . . . . . . . . .
10.2 The centered B-splines Bm . . . .
10.3 B-splines and wavelet expansions
10.4 Frames generated by B-splines . .
10.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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203
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212

11 Special Functions
11.1 Regular SturmLiouville problems
11.2 Legendre polynomials . . . . . . .
11.3 Laguerre polynomials . . . . . . .
11.4 Hermite polynomials . . . . . . .
11.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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232

Weierstrass theorem, Theorem 2.3.4


Theorem 7.1.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Theorem 10.1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Theorem 11.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . .

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239
239
243
246
249

Appendix B
B.1 List of vector spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.2 List of special polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

253
253
255

List of Symbols

257

References

259

Index

261

Appendix A
A.1 Proof
A.2 Proof
A.3 Proof
A.4 Proof

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