MANUAL TESTING FAQs What is bidirectional traceability? Bidirectional traceability needs to be implemented both forward and backward (i.e.

, from requirements to end products and from end product back to requirements). When the requirements are managed well, traceability can be established from the source requirement to its lower level requirements and from the lower level requirements back to their source. Such bidirectional traceability helps determine that all source requirements have been completely addressed and that all lower level requirements can be traced to a valid source. What is stub? E !lain in testin" !oint o# $ie%? Stub is a dummy program or component, the code is not ready for testing, it s used for testing...that means, in a pro!ect if there are " modules and last is remaining and there is no time then we will use dummy program to complete that fourth module and we will run whole " modules also. #he dummy program is also known as stub. For Web A!!lications %hat ty!e o# tests are you "oin" to do? Web$based applications present new challenges, these challenges include% $ Short release cycles& $ 'onstantly 'hanging #echnology& $ (ossible huge number of users during initial website launch& $ )nability to control the user s running environment& $ *"$hour availability of the web site. #he quality of a website must be evident from the +nset. ,ny difficulty whether in response time, accuracy of information, or ease of use$will compel the user to click to a competitor s site. Such problems translate into lost of users, lost sales, and poor company image. #o overcome these types of problems, use the following techniques% &' Functionality Testin" -unctionality testing involves making sure the features that most affect user interactions work properly. #hese include% . forms . searches . pop$up windows . shopping carts . online payments

(' Usability testin" many users has low tolerance for anything that is difficult to use or that does not work. , user s first impression of the site is important, and many websites have become cluttered with an increasing number of features. -or general$use websites frustrated users can easily click over a competitor s site. /sability testing involves following main steps . identify the website s purpose& . identify the indented users& . define tests and conduct the usability testing . analy0e the acquired information )' Na$i"ation Testin" 1ood 2avigation is an essential part of a website, especially those that are comple3 and provide a lot of information. ,ssessing navigation is a ma!or part of usability #esting. *' For+s Testin" Websites that use forms need tests to ensure that each field works properly and that the forms posts all data as intended by the designer. ,' -a"e .ontent Testin" 4ach web page must be tested for correct content from the user perspective. #hese tests fall into two categories% ensuring that each component functions correctly and ensuring that the content of each is correct. /' .on#i"uration and .o+!atibility testin" , key challenge for web applications is ensuring that the user sees a web page as the designer intended. #he user can select different browser software and browser options, use different network software and on$line service, and run other concurrent applications. We e3ecute the application under every browser5platform combination to ensure the web sites work properly under various environments. 6' 0eliability and A$ailability testin" , key requirement o a website is that it Be available whenever the user requests it, after *"$hours a day, every day. #he number of users accessing web site simultaneously may also affect the site s availability. 1' -er#or+ance Testin" (erformance #esting, which evaluates System performance under normal and heavy usage, is crucial to success of any web application. , system that takes for long to respond may frustrate the user who can then quickly move to a competitor s site. 1iven enough time, every page request will eventually be delivered. (erformance testing seeks to ensure that the website server responds to browser requests within defined parameters. 2' Load testin" the purpose of 7oad testing is to model real world e3periences, typically by generating many simultaneous users accessing the website. We use automation tools to increases the ability to conduct a valid load test, because it emulates thousands of users by sending simultaneous requests to the application or the server. &3' Stress Testin" Stress #esting consists of sub!ecting the system to varying and ma3imum loads to evaluate the resulting performance. We use automated test tools to simulate loads on website and e3ecute the tests continuously for several hours or days.

&&' Security Testin" Security is a primary concern when communicating and conducting business$ especially sensitive and business$ critical transactions $ over the internet. #he user wants assurance that personal and financial information is secure. -inding the vulnerabilities in an application that would grant an unauthori0ed user access to the system is important. 4e#ine 5rain Stro++in" and .ause E##ect Gra!hin"? BS% , learning technique involving open group discussion intended to e3pand the range of available ideas +8 , meeting to generate creative ideas. ,t (4(S) ,dvertising, daily, weekly and bi$ monthly brainstorming sessions are held by various work groups within the firm. +ur monthly )$(ower brainstorming meeting is attended by the entire agency staff. +8 Brainstorming is a highly structured process to help generate ideas. )t is based on the principle that you cannot generate and evaluate ideas at the same time. #o use brainstorming, you must first gain agreement from the group to try brainstorming for a fi3ed interval (e.g. si3 minutes). '41% , testing technique that aids in selecting, in a systematic way, a high$yield set of test cases that logically relates causes to effects to produce test cases. )t has a beneficial side effect in pointing out incompleteness and ambiguities in specifications. What is the +a i+u+ len"th o# the test case %e can %rite? We can t say e3actly test case length, it depending on functionality. -ass%ord is ha$in" / di"its al!hanu+eric then %hat are the !ossible in!ut conditions? )ncluding special characters also (ossible input conditions are% 9) )nput password as : ;abcde (ie number first) *) )nput password as : abcde< (ie character first) =) )nput password as : 9*=">; (all numbers) ") )nput password as : abcdef (all characters) >) )nput password less than ; digit ;) )nput password greater than ; digits 6) )nput password as special characters <) )nput password in ',()#,7 i.e. uppercase ?) )nput password including space 9@) (S(,'4) followed by alphabets 5numerical 5alphanumerical5

What is internationali6ation testin"? Software )nternationali0ation is process of developing software products independent from cultural norms, language or other specific attributes of a market I# I "i$e so+e thousand tests to e ecute in ( days %hat do you do?

)f possible, we will automate or else, e3ecute only the test cases which are mandatory. What does blac78bo testin" +ean at the unit9 inte"ration9 and syste+ le$els? #ests for each software requirement using 4quivalence 'lass (artitioning, Boundary Aalue #esting, and more #est cases for system software requirements using the #race Batri3, 'ross$functional #esting, Cecision #ables, and more #est cases for system integration for configurations, manual operations, etc What is a"ile testin"? ,gile testing is used whenever customer requirements are changing dynamically )f we have no S8S, B8S but we have test cases does you e3ecute the test cases blindly or do you follow any other process. #est case would have detail steps of what the application is supposed to do. 9) -unctionality of application. *) )n addition you can refer to Backend, is mean look into the Catabase. #o gain more knowledge of the application. What is 5u" li#e cycle? 2ew% when tester reports a defect +pen% when developer accepts that it is a bug or if the developer re!ects the defect, then the status is turned into D8e!ectedD -i3ed% when developer make changes to the code to rectify the bug... 'losed58eopen% when tester tests it again. )f the e3pected result shown up, it is turned into D'losedD and if the problem persists again, it s D8eopenD.