Experiment 2

A: Metals

B: Polymers
Eng. Rihab K. Hamza

Theory
To study the behavior of materials when they are subjected to loads is to perform the tensile test in laboratory. The mechanical behavior is essential for safe design of all types of structures Each material exhibits different mechanical properties. For example, metals show higher strength than polymers. However, polymers tend to be more ductile. In this experiment, tensile testing is conducted for; 1. A metal either Aluminum or Plain Carbon Steel 2. A Polymer either PMMA or Polyethylene.
Eng. Rihab K. Hamza

Objectives
Conduct the tensile test Plot the Stress-strain Diagrams for the tested materials. Determine the various Mechanical Properties of each material. Which include:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Modulus of elasticity or Youngs modulus (E), Yield strength (y), Ultimate strength (u), Fracture stress (f ) Ductility based on elongation and area, Modulus of resilience (Ur) and Modulus of toughness (Ut).

Then , Describe the specimen profile at each step in the test for each material. Describe the fracture pattern of each material. Compare the obtained properties with the corresponding reported data in your text book. Compare between the mechanical behaviors of the tested materials
Eng. Rihab K. Hamza

Procedure

Measurements Testing Data Analysis

Eng. Rihab K. Hamza

Measurements
To perform the tension test, a specimen of the material is made into a standard shape and size according to ASTM standards.

(a) Metallic samples

(b) polymeric samples.

Eng. Rihab K. Hamza

Measurements
The following dimensions should be measured 3 times and take the average These dimensions are: 1. Diameter (do) for the Metal 2. Width (Wo) and thickness (to) for the polymer 3. Gauge length (Lo)

Eng. Rihab K. Hamza

 Metal
Sample Carbon Steel Aluminum Average diameter do (mm) Average Area Ao (mm2) Average Gauge Length Lo (mm)

Polymer
Sample PMMA Polyethylene Average width w (mm) Average thickness t (mm) Average Area Ao (mm2) Average Gauge Length Lo (mm)

Eng. Rihab K. Hamza

Stress Strain Testing

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Stress Strain Curve

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Engineering Stress and Strain

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Yield Strength, y
Stress at which noticeable plastic deformation has occurred. y = yield strength

Eng. Rihab K. Hamza

Tensile Strength, TS
Maximum stress on engineering stress-strain curve.

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Ductility
Plastic tensile strain at failure:

Eng. Rihab K. Hamza

Resilience, Ur

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Toughness

Eng. Rihab K. Hamza