Jitender Kumar 10001033

Experiment No-3

SBHS1 Single Board Heater System through step response experiments AIM: 1. To perform step test on a single board heater system. 2. To identify system transfer function using step response data. About this Experiment Figure 1 shows the single board heater system on which this experiment will be performed. The setup consists of a heater assembly, fan, temperature sensor, microcontroller and associated circuitry. Heater assembly consists of an iron plate placed at a distance of about 3.5 mm from the nichrome coil. A 12 V fan positioned below this heater assembly is meant for cooling the assembly. The temperature sensed by the temperature sensor, AD 590, after suitable processing, is fed to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is the heart of the setup. It provides an interface between the process and the computer. The LCD display mounted above the microcontroller displays the heated plate temperature, heater and fan inputs and also the commands communicated via serial port. We have used Scilab and Scicos as an interface for sending and receiving data. Scicos diagram is shown in Figure 2. Heater current and fan speed are the two inputs for this system. They are given in PWM units. These inputs can be varied by the setting the properties of input blocks properties in scicos. The plots of their amplitude versus time are also available on the scope windows. The output temperature profile, as read by the sensor, is also plotted. The data acquired in the process is stored on the local drive and is available to the user for further calculations. Procedure 1. Connect the SBHS to an electrical point and to a PC having SCILAB 2. Serial Port initialization: a. Find the Port Location: Right click on My ComputerProperties HardwareDevice ManagerPorts (COM&LPT)Serial Port (Ex. COM3) b. Change directory to steptest: File Menu Change Directory Desktop\sbhs_inderpreeth_5-2-2011\steptest c. Editor WindowFile MenuOpen ser_init.sce (of the directory steptest) d. Make sure the correct port location is mentioned in the above file, ser_init.sce, at the place mentioned in the following statement in the above (bold, underlined) e. com_config = tlist(['Config'; 'port';'baudrate'; 'nbits'; 'parity'; 'stopbits'; 'protocol'], 7,9600,8,0,0,0);

Jitender Kumar 10001033

Experiment No-3

f. Execute Menu Load into Scilab 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Open and load (Execute Menu) the file open_loop.sce in the directory steptest Go to SCILAB Editor Applications Scicos In the Scicos Diagram Menu Load steptest (steptest file in the directory steptest) Mention the value of Fan speed and Heater input in the corresponding block Go to Simulaterun The data are stored in the file mentioned in the block: write to output file in SICOS application window 9. Apply a step change of 10 units in heater current keeping fan speed constant. 10. Let the steady state be arrived 11. Apply another step change of 10 units in heater current keeping fan speed constant. 12. Let the steady state be arrived 13. Assigning the data: the first column refers to Time, second-Heater, third-Fan and fourthTemperature. Data for first step 14. Plot the graph of the Temperature Vs time for experimental and predicted runs 15. Compute the value of steady state gain, K and the time constant from the plot of T Vs time plot (recall the Process Control Class on first order process dynamics) 16. Quantify the experimental-model mismatch error: % = 100
=1( ) =1( )
2 2

17. Make all the calculations in a file with the name: SBHS1, 18. When I run the file, it should be able to generate two plots a. Plot1: experimental Vs Predicted for step change 1 b. Plot2: experimental Vs Predicted for step change 2 c. It should print the % error for both the step changes 19. Save the file SBHS1 and plot1 and plot2 in a folder name with your group name. e.g. Group A will make a folder of name A 20. Save this folder on DesktopSBHSSBHS1

Jitender Kumar 10001033

Experiment No-3

Figure 1: Single board heater system

Figure 2: Scicos for this experiment

Jitender Kumar 10001033

Experiment No-3

Theory Consider the system to be first order. () = + 1

We try to fit a first order transfer function of the form to the single board heater system. Because the transfer function approach uses deviational variables, G(s) denotes the Laplace transform, of the gain of the system between the change in heater current and the change in the system temperature. Let the change in the heater current be denoted by u. We denote both the time domain and the Laplace transform variable by the same lower case variable. Let the change in temperature be denoted by y. Suppose that the current changes by a step of size u. Then, we obtain the following relation between the current and the temperature. () = ()() () = + 1

Note that u is the height of the step and hence is a constant. On inversion, we obtain = [1 / ] In discrete form: + = [+1 ] + = +1 = (1 ) + Calculations: Calculate and final value from the plotted graph and run the same scilab code with these values. is the time taken by the system to reach 63.2% of final value. Obtain steady state gain, =
Compute the predicted values of T Vs time using K and . Plot T Vs time for experimental and Predicted results

Graphs:

Jitender Kumar 10001033

Experiment No-3

Step -1
3.70E+01 3.60E+01 3.50E+01 3.40E+01 3.30E+01 3.20E+01 3.10E+01 3.00E+01 2.90E+01 2.80E+01 2.70E+01 2.20E+02 2.70E+02 3.20E+02 Observed 3.70E+02 predicted 4.20E+02 4.70E+02

Step-2
3.60E+01 3.50E+01 3.40E+01 3.30E+01 3.20E+01 3.10E+01 3.00E+01 2.90E+01 2.80E+01 2.70E+01 4.80E+02 5.30E+02 5.80E+02 observed 6.30E+02 predicted 6.80E+02 7.30E+02

Jitender Kumar 10001033

Experiment No-3

Step-3
4.50E+01 4.40E+01 4.30E+01 4.20E+01 4.10E+01 4.00E+01 3.90E+01 3.80E+01 3.70E+01 3.60E+01 3.50E+01 7.50E+02

8.00E+02

8.50E+02

9.00E+02

9.50E+02 Predicted

1.00E+03

1.05E+03

Observed

Step-4
4.50E+01 4.40E+01 4.30E+01 4.20E+01 4.10E+01 4.00E+01 3.90E+01 3.80E+01 3.70E+01 3.60E+01 3.50E+01 1.02E+03 1.07E+03 1.12E+03 observed 1.17E+03 predicted 1.22E+03 1.27E+03

Jitender Kumar 10001033

Experiment No-3

Result:
For first step change (u = 15) k1 = 0.526 and 1 = 67 sec For second step change (u=15) k2 = 0.52 and 2 = 67 sec For third step change (u=15) k3 = 0.60 and 3 = 50 sec For fourth step change (u=15) k4 = 0.54 and 4 = 46 sec

Predicted temperature for every reading is calculated and compared with observed temperature, and is almost close to observed. Small error in Tobserved and Tpredicted may be due to may occur due to the disturbance inside (fan speed) as well as outside in the surrounding. Theoretically as well as practically, we get response as second order. Controller is working properly, as it it trying to attain the set point value.