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k ?f oGm:, wf 0-xm: 'GZd rsm:`
(0-ud|k w
G q
f \kd mY txufomG :Sihf atmufw
cf rf:udk xdI t}Fvyd f v-tuQ\muJh
odhk |Gwq
f ykd g)
o\trsKd:rsKd: u`
o0-Xmefwo
l \ ( t+tm onf t0Ef? +T onf 0Ef?
O+OD onf O0Ef)
c ` to0-Xmefrwlaomo\`
u` o|ly-jum:tyfaomtoHwo
l \ ( t+tm ? +T? O+OD )
c` to|ly-jum:tyfaomtoHrwlo\`
Asnf: 2 -rsKd:
Asn:f 33-vk:H wkw
hd iG f u-tp V-tqk:H |Sad om 32-vk:H aom Asn:f wko
hd nf rS\D mo\
aemuf|adS omajumifh (0g ) aemufo\udk rSaD omajumifh y\mo<-Asn:f rnf>`
ed[dwo
f nf rS\D mo\a|S |h adS omajumifh ykAm o<-Asn:f rnf>`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
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[-Si<
hf OS af om i, , E, e, r, <, \, v, 0 T 9-vk:H wko
hd nf \ifacgif:t\yfY
]zpfaomajumifh O\ZtuQ\mwkrhd nfuek >
f `
t-0Ef 2-vk:H , u-0}f 5-vk:H , [-tuQ\m T 8-vk:H aomtuQ\mwko
hd nf
vnfacsmif:t\yfY ]zpfwwfaomajumifh uZtuQ\mrnfuek >
f `
-0Ef 2-vkH:, p 0}f 5-vkH:, <-tuQ\m T 8-vkH:aomtuQ\mwkdhonf
tmapmuf t\yfY ]zpfwwfaomajumifh wmvkZtuQ\mrnfuek >
f `
-0}f 5-vk:H , \-tuQ\m, ckepfv:Hk a]rmuf V-tuQ\m T 7-vk:H aomtuQ\mwkhd
onf vmxdyt
f \yfY ]zpfwwfaomajumifh rk'Z tuQ\mrnfuek >
f `
w-0}f 5-vk:H , ok:H vk:H a]rmuf v-tuQ\m,o-tuQ\m T 7-vk:H aomtuQ\mwkhd
onf oGm:t\yfY ]zpfwwfaomajumifh 'ZtuQ\mrnfuek >
f `
O-0Ef 2-vk:H , y-0}f 5-vk:H T 7-vk:H aomtuQ\mwko
hd nf wcf rf:t\yfY
]zpfwwfaomajumifh joZtuQ\mrnfuek >
f `
0 5-vk:H , ed[dwf T 6-vk:H aomtuQ\mwko
hd nf Smacgif:t\yfY ]zpfwwf
aomajumifh emoduZtuQ\mwkrhd nfuek >
f `
{-tuQ\monf vnfacsmif:t\yfYvnf:aumif:? tmapmuft\yfYvnf:aumif:
]zpfwwfaomajumifh u wmvkZtuQ\mrnf>`
jo-tuQ\monf vnfacsmif:t\yfYvnf:aumif:? wcf rf:t\yfYvnf:aumif:
]zpfwwfaomajumifh u joZtuQ\mrnf>`
0-tuQ\monf oGm:t\yfYvnf:aumif:? wcf rf:t\yfYvnf:aumif: ]zpfwwf
aomajumifh 'joZtuQ\mrnf>`

o\od pD\ifcef:

avmuag=avmu+tag? <dNd<med=<+dN<med? aema[wH=

aem[d+{wH? oarwm<oRm=oarwk+tm<oRm wdYhk 10` ykAra"mXdwr\H oa\e 0da<mZa<`
y\mo<]zpfaom a|S Ah sn:f udk a|S [
h q
k t
kd yfaom atmufY wnfxm:\ef rS\D mo\rS
cGi:f \m>`
cGif:ykH avhusifhcef:c,cg,cd,cD,ck,cl,ac,acg= t-o\rS cf-Asnf:udkcGif:? cf->tpdwf t-uif:ap?
cGi:f tyfyD:aom o\uif:aom cf-Asn:f udk a|S [
h q
k t
kd yfaom atmufY tpOfrysux
f m:`
tm-o\rS cf-Asn:f udck iG :f ? cf->tpdwf tm-uif:ap` -o\rS cf-Asn:f udck iG :f ? cf>tpdwf -uif:ap` tusOf:csKyfqykd Hk- c-cGi:f , t-uif:? c-cGi:f , tm-uif: ponf`
12` o\m oa\ avmyH`
aemufo\ajumifh a|S o
h \udak cs`
* o\ Spaf xG? a|S, aemufae? acsav wpfc?k aemuf acsr? rSw|f okwrd wl\m`
o\ 2-vk:H a|Sah emuf tiftm:ydiaf evif rvkad omo\ 1-vk:H ukd acs\rnf`aemuf
o\acs\mYum: okwrd wl\mYom acs\rnf`
11` ea< y\H <kawW`
aqmifuyfI opd yfoifah omf o\uif:aom Asn:f udk aemufo\okhd aqmifuyf\
rnf`
uyfyaHk vhusifch ef:o\uif:aom cf-Asn:f udk aemuf t-odu
hk yf` o\uif:aom cf-Asn:f udk aemuf tmodu
hk yf` o\uif:aom cf-Asn:f udk aemuf -odu
hk yf` tusOf:csKyfqykd -Hk cf, t-odu
hk yf? cf,
tm-odu
hk yf ponf`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

avmuag=avmu+tag? <dd<
N med=<+N<
d med? aema[wH=
aem[d+{wH? oarwm<oRm=oarwk+tm<oRm`
14` uGpmo0H vkawW`
a|So\ausyD:aomf tcsKd Ut&m aemuf , T-udk {-to0Efy? aemuf O, ODudk jo-to0Ef- y`
* a|So\aus? aemufae 0Ef? {-y\ef? O0Ef jo-csKd y`
AKa0= AK+0? Zdae\dw=H Zde+T\dw?H aemaywd= e+Oaywd?
{aumeowH= {u+ODeowH`
|kyw
f u
G -f
avmuag-udk avmu+tag-[k yk']f zwf? u-cGi:f t-uif:? o\m oa\ avmyH-okwf
]zifh a|S h t-o\udk acs? o\ uif:aom uf-Asn:f udk aemuf t-odu
hk yf? avmuag-yD:>`
<dNd<med-udk <+Nd<med-[k yk'f]zwf? -cGif: t-uif:? o\m oa\
avmyH-okw]f zifh a|S h t-o\udak cs? o\uif:aom f-Asn:f udk aemuf -odu
hk yf? <dN<
d medum:yD:>`
aema[wH-udk aem[d+{wH-[k yk']f zwf? [-cGi:f ? -uif:? o\m oa\ avmyH-]zifh a|S h
-o\udk acs? [f- tm-odu
hk yf? aema[wH-yD:>`
oarwm<oRm-udk oarwk+tm<oRm-[ky'k ]f zwf? wf-cGi:f , O-uif:? o\m oa\ avmyHokw]f zifh a|S h O- o\udak cs? wf- tm-odu
hk yf? oarwm<oRm-yD:>`
(Xmefe:D onf> tpGr:f ajumifh , T-udk {? O, OD-udk jo-to0Efy`)
AKa0-udk AK+0-[k yk']f zwf? -cGi:f , t-uif:? o\m oa\ avmyH-]zifh
a|S h t-o\udk acs? uGpmo0H vkawW-]zifh aemuf -o\udk {-to0Efy?f- {-odu
hk yf?
AKa0-yD:>`
Zdae\dwH-Y T-udk {-to0Efy? aemaywd-Y O-udk, {aumeowH-Y OD-udk joto0Ef- y`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

15` 'DCH
a|S o
h \ausyD:aomf tcsdKUt&m aemufo\udk 'DC-y`
* a|So\aus? aemuf\a? csKdav 'DCy`
o'"D =o'g+"? tem}ga\[d plb<H=tem}ga\[d p+Ob<H`
13` 0g ya\m to|lyg`
wlaom okw|d o
dS nfr[kwaf om a|So\rS aemufo\ukd tcsKd acs`
0aN[=H 0aN+t[H? pwWma\mar= pwWma\m+ar? udKrm0= udK+rm0`
ygawm0= ygawm+{0`
16` ykaAm p`
aemuf o\ ausyD:aomf a|So\ ukv
d nf: tcsKd 'DC y`
* aemufo\aus? a|S\a? csdKav 'DCy`
avmumwd=avmu+wd? 0Dwed mard=0d+twdemard? ud o
H "l =
ud o
H +k "`
|kyw
f u
G -f
(Xmefe:D onf> tpGr:f ajumifh o0]zpfaom t-\udk tm-'DC y? -\udk T'DCy? O-\udk OD-'DCy)
o'D"-udk o'g+"-[k yk'f]zwf? 'f-cGif: tm-uif:? o\m oa\ avmyH-okwf]zifh a|S
tm-o\udk acs? 'DC-H okw]f zifh aemuf -\udk T-'DCy? '-f T-odu
hk yf? o'"D -yD:>`
plb<H-Y a|S h t-o\udak cs? aemuf O-udk OD-'DCy`
0aN[-H ukd 0aN+t[H-[k yk']f zwf? 0g ya\m to|lyg-]zifh (wlaom okwd |So
d nfr[kwf
aom a|S { o\rS) aemuf t o\ukd acs? 0aN[-H yD:>`(pwWma\mar? udKrm0-wdYhk -udak cs)
avmumwd-udk avmu+wd-[k yk']f zwf? f-cGi:f , t-uif:? 0g ya\m to|lyg]zifh aemuf -o\udak cs? ykaAm p-]zifh aemufo\ausyD:aomf a|S h t-\udk tm-'DCy? ftm-odkhuyf`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

10

17` <ar'ma'aom`
aemufo\ajumifh tpdwf {-ukd tcsKd <-y`
* ar, aw, a<, au? yAaw? pdwf {, <-y, t-aSmif:r`
rsm<H= ar+t<H? wsm[H= aw+t[H? wsm= aw+t`
18` 0arm'k'meH`
aemufo\ajumifh tpdwf jo, O- wku
dh dk tcsKd 0-y`
* o\aSmif:r? pdwf jo, O? 0-y csKd t\m`
oG= aom+t? A[GmAma"m= A[k+tmAma"m? tG'r moH= tk+t'rmoH?
aoG0= aom+{0`
18` oaAm pH wd`
aemufo\ajumihf tvH:k pHak om wd-udk tcsdKU p-y`
(twd p- okw>
f wm:]rpfcsuaf jumifh -0EfaSmif:\mY p-ry\? 0Efrw
S pfyg:aom o\aSmif:\mY wd-udk p-y`)
* o\aSmif:bd? a|SY wd-ud?k p-yqd?k rvdk 0EfaSmif:`
|kyw
f u
G -f
rsm<H-udk ar+t<H-[ky'k ]f zwf? rf-cGi:f , {-uif:? <ar'ma'aom-]zifh {- udk <y? wwd<ydik :f - 'DC-H ]zifh t-udk tm-'DCy? <- tm-odu
hk yf? rf- <m-odu
hk yf`
oGukd aom+t-[k yk']f zwf? o-cGi:f jo-uif:? 0arm'k'k meH-]zihf tpdwf jo-ukd
0f-y? 0f , t- oku
hd yf? of, 0-oku
hd yf? oG-yD:>`
A[GmAma"m-udk A[k+tmAma"m-[k yk']f zwf? [f-cGi:f ? O-uif:? 0arm'k'meH-]zifh O-udk
0f-y? 0f-tm-odu
hk yf? [f-0g-odu
hk yf`
aoG0-udk aom+{0-[k yk']f zwf? of-cGi:f , jo-uif:? 0arm'k'meH-]zifh jo-udk 0f-y? 0f,
{-odhk uyf? of-a0, oku
hd yf?

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

11

28` y\ a'Gbma0g Xmae`

oifah vsm\f mXmeY aemufAsn:f > o'doa'Gabmfvm`
o'doa'Gabmfonf 0}f-Y yxr, wwd<, yOPr tuQ\mrsm:Sihf <, v, 0, o
tuQ\mwk>
hd omvif o'doa'Gabmfvmonf` Oyrmu > o'doa'Gabmf u-vm? }-> o'doa'Gabmf }-vm? p-> o'doa'Gabmf
p-vm? Z-> o'doa'Gabmf Z-vm? -> o'doa'Gabmf -vm ponf]zifo
h ad v`
* \ ok:H ]zm? tm'DCmaemuf? usa\muf0? y, w, r-Si?hf <, v, 0, om?
Asnf: wdkhrSm? a'Gbm o'do`
\ 3-vk:H Sihf tm-'DCaemif yxruQ\m, wwd<uQ\m, yOPruQ\m, <, v, 0,
o-wd>
hk o'doa'Gabmfvm`
apPw=H wd+{wH? ypPm[\wd= ywd+tm[\wd? tpP=H twd+tH`
47` twd p`
twDo}d aEm= twd+od}aEm? twD\w
d =H twd+T\dw`H
|kyfwGufapPw-H udk wd+{wH-[k yk']f zwf? oaAm pH wd-]zifh wd-udk pf-y? pf, {-oku
hd yf? y\a'G
bma0g Xmae-]zifh p-> o'doa'Gabmf pf-vm`
ypPm[\wd, tpP-H udk ywd+tm[\wd, twd+tH-[k yk']f zwf? oaAm pH wd-]zifh wd-udk
pf-y? pf, tm-odkhuyf? t-okdhuyf? y\ a'Gbma0g Xmae-]zifh pf-> o'doa'Gabmf pf-vm`
twDo}d aEm-udk twd+od}aEm-yk']f zwf? oaAm pH wd-okw]f zifh pf-yoifah omfvnf:
-o\aSif:\mY twd p-okwfu wm:]rpfaomajumifh pf-ry\? a|S h -o\udk acs?
aemuf -\udkT-'DCy`
rSwcf suf`

`pmoifp ykKd vfrsm:twGuf ydao"okwrf sm: tpDt\ifukd roifao:bJ csex

f m:
oifyh gonf? aemif tvdv
k kd em:vnfvmdik yf gonf`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

44` taABm tbd`

-0Efrw
S yg:aom aemufo\ajumifh tbd-udk t AB-y`
tABK'D\w
d =H tbd+O'D\w
d ?H tABKpw=d tbd+Opw`d
* 0Ef juOfx? aemufo\>? a|S tbd-i?hf t"d-Sp]f zm? pOfwikd :f om? yyg
tAB, twnf:`
48` tam t"d`
-0Efrw
S yg:aom aemufo\ajumifh t"d-udk t-y`
tamumao= t"d+joumao? tm}rm= t"d+tm}rm`

20` a'g " p`

aemufo\ajumihf "-ukd tcsdKU '-y`
* o\aSmif:u? {u-aemuf|?dS "-Yyg? "-udo
k m? rSepf mG 'a'G: y`
{urd'g[H= {uH+"+t[H`

12

46` awe 0g 0a`

- 0Ef ajumifh tbd, t"dw>
hdk tAB, t- ty tcsdKU r]zpf`
tbdpw
d =H tbd+pw
d ?H t"D\w
d =H t"d+T\dw`H
|kyw
f u
G -f
tABK'D\w
d -H udk tbd+O'D\w
d -H [ky'k ]f zwf? ta ABm tbd-]zifh tbd-udk t AB-y? cGi:f , acs,
uyf`
t ABK pw-d udk tbd+O pw-d [k yk']f zwf? ta ABm tbd-]zifh tbd-udk t AB-y? cGi:f ,
acs, uyf`
tamumao-udk t"d+joumao-[k yk']f zwf? tam t"d-]zifh t"d-udk t-y? cGif:, acs, uyf`
tbdpw
d ,H t"D\w
d -H udk tbd+ pw
d ,H t"d+T\dw-H yk']f zwf? ta ABm tbd? tam t"d]zifh t AB, t-yoifah omfvnf: aw e 0g 0a-okw
k u
f wm:]rpfaomajumifh ry\? cGi:f , acs,
uyf`

13

p-o'Ng]zifh --

"-ukd [-y? om[k=om"k`

'-ukd w-y? ok}awm=ok}a'g`
w-ukd -y? 'kUH='kuwH`(u-> o'doa'Gabmf u-vm)
w-udk "-y? }aAm=}aAm`
wW-ukd jw-y? tjwaZm=twWaZm`
}-ukd u-y? ukvyl aum=ukvyl a}g`
\-ukd v-y? r[momavm=r[moma\m`
<-ukd Z-y? }0aZm=}0a<m`
0G-ukd A-y? ukAa wm=uk0awm`
<-ukd u-y? oau=oa<`
Z-ukd <-y? ed<yH w
k =HW edZyH w
k `HW
w-ukd u-y? ed<aum=ed<awm`
wW-ukd pP-y? bapPm=bawWm`
y-ukd z-y? edyw
=dW edywW`d
u-ukd c-y? edurQ wd=edurwd ponf `
* a'g " p? okwYf p-]zif?h "-udu
k m: [? w-ukd -Si?fh u-rSm c-y? y-zy? A-y 0- udkom`
|kyw
f u
G -f
{urd'g[H-udk {uH+"+t[H-[k yk']f zwf? a'g " p-]zifh "-udk '-y? r'g oa\-]zifh
u-txufY|Sad om ed[dwu
f kd rf-y? rf, -odu
hk yf? '-cGi:f , t-uif:? a|S h t-o\ udk acs? 'kw<
d ydik :f
'DC-H ]zifh 'DCy`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

* y, y\d, ed? O, jo, >-aemuf? e-i<fa\muf? razmuf E-uD:]yef`

a'g " p-Y p-]zifyh if y, y\d, ed, O, jo-wdahk emif e-i<fukd E-uD:]yef\rnf`
yEd"meH=yed"meH? yEdygawm=yedygawm? yEmarm=yemarm? yEDw=H yeDw?H
y\dEawm= y\deawm? y\dEmarm=y\demarm? eda<m=eda<m? Oawm=Oawm?
joEawm= joeawm`
21` 0am <H e0g`
to|lyo\ aSmif:\mY -0Efukd tcsKd h <-y`
* to|ly? o\aSmif:]yef? a|S 0Ef? \Hzef <-ty`
0kws=0kw+dW t? AsOe =H 0d+tOe?H Asmuawm= 0d+tmuawm`

58` 0K0m vm`

wMv
d id f , T, O, OD-wdk ukd y-trnfrn
S ?hf wMv
d id f r[kwaf om , T-udk
- trnfrn
S ?hf O, OD-wdk ukd v-trnfrn
S `hf
* , T, O,OD? wM<
d u
l ? y-rnfju? , v-rnfxw
k f xD r[kw`f

14

22` {0g'd \d ykaAm p \am`

{0-o'Ng> tp {-ukd \d-yI a|So\ukv
d nf: \-y`
* <xm, wxm? Sp]f zmaemufae? {0-{-rSm? \d-y\m? a|S tm-\y`
<x\d0=<xm+{0? wx\d0=wxm+{0`

15

70` vmerd<k0g oa\ 0g`

aemufo\ajumihf , vwku
hd dk tpOftwdik :f tcsdKU <f, O0f-y`
* o\aSmif: ? y <? O0 v-udx
k m:`
wd<H=wd + tH? yp<
d m}ga\= yp+d tm}ga\? yOPr<
d H= yOPr+D tH?
ud<m'dawm= uD + tm'dawm? bduKQ 0goae= bduKQ + tmoae? 'k0}u=H 'k+t}u`H
42` a}g oa\ ykxm}arm uGpd`
aemufo\ajumifh ykx-tqk:H Y tcsKd h }-vm??
* o\aSmif:u? yg, ykxaemuf? }-vma\muf? razmuf yg-\`
ykxa}0=ykx + {0`

|kyw
f u
G -f
yEd"meH-udk yed"meH-[k yk']f zwf? a'g " p-Y p-]zifh e-udk E-y? yEd"meH-yD:>`
joEawm-udk t0eawm-[k yk']f zwf? jo t0-]zifh t0-udk jo-y? a'g " p-Y
p-]zifh e-udk E-y? joEawm-yD:>`
0kws-udk 0kw+dW t-[k yk']f zwf? wW-f cGi:f , -uif:? 0am <H e0g-]zifh -udk
<f-y? <f-t-odu
hk yf? wW-f <-odu
hk yf? AsOa em p 0doanma}g-Y p-]zihf Asn:f ok:H vk:H wdw
hk iG f oabmwl
tpAsn:f wpfv:Hk udak cs`
AsOe ,H Asmuawm-udk 0d+tOe,H 0d+tmuawm-[k yk']f zwf? 0f-cGi:f , -uif:? 0am
<H e0g-]zifh -udk <f-y? <f, t-od,hk tm-odhk uyf? 0f, <-od,hk <m-odhk uyf? a'g " p-Y p-]zifh
0-udk A-y`
<x\d0, wx\d0-udk <xm+{0, wxm+{0-[k yk']f zwf? xf-cGi:f tm-uif:? {0g'd
\d ykaAm p \am-]zifh {0-> tp {-udk \d-yI a|S t
h m-udv
k nf: \y? xf, t-odu
hk yf`

|kyw
f u
G -f
wd<H-udk wd+tH-[k yk']f zwf? wf-cGi:f , -uif:? 0K0m vm-]zifh -udk trnfrn
S ?hf vme rd<0k g oa\ 0g-]zifh -rnfaom -udk <f-y? wf, -okhd uyf? <f, toku
hd yf? wd<H-yD:>`
(yOPr<
d H, ud<m'dawm-wdYhk -rnfaom T-udk <f-y? bduKQ 0goae, 'k0}u-H wdYhk
v- rnfaom O-udk O0f-y)
ykxa}0-udk ykx+{0-[k yk'f]zwf? a}g oa\ ykxm}arm uGpd-]zifh }f-vm? }f, {okdhuyf`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

16

43` ygpam \am`

aemufo\ajumihf yg-edygwfy'k >
f tqH:k Y }f-vmI yg\tqH;k tm-udv
k nf: t\y`
ya}0=yg + {0`
35` <0r'ew\vmpm}rm`
aemufo\ajumifh tcsdKUt&m <, 0, r, ', e, w, \, v tuQ\mwkhd vm`
* o\aSmif:u? <, 0, rSi?hf ', e, w, \? vSihf }? vm\ Asn:f oufouf`
e<dr=e+r? 0k'u
d w
Q =d O'duw
Q ?d v[karwd= v[k+ {wd?
orR'nm=orRm+tnm?(\y) awm em<wd=awm+tm<wd? tZwa=tZ+ ta?
oABad \0=oAB+d {0? qVbdnm= q+tbdnm? (v-i<f V-uD: rxl:I V-vm)
po'Ng]zifh r-ukd y-y? u-udk '-y? '-udk w-y? tcsKd t
h \mY }f-vm`
* , 0 r '? okwf p-jzihf? r-udky-jyK? u-'-jyK? w-jyK '-udkom/
pd\y0god =H pd\+H y0god ?H o'wMyokawm=ouwMyokawm? ok}awm=ok}a'g?
twdya }gacg= twdy+ acg`
o\od yD:>`
|kyw
f u
G -f
ya}0-udk yg+{0-[k yk']f zwf? yf-cGi:f , tm-uif:? yg pam \am-]zifh yg-aemif }fvmI tm-udkvnf: \y`
e<dr-udk e+r-[k yk']f zwf? <0r'e-paom okw]f zifh <f-vm? <f, -odu
hk yf`
orR'nm-udk orRm+tnm-[k yk']f zwf? <0r'e-paom okw]f zifh 'f-vm? 'f, t-odu
hk yf?
rR-f cGi:f , tm-uif:? \H-]zifh \y? rR,f t-odhk uyf`
qVbdnm-udk q+tbdnm-[k yk']f zwf? <0r'e-paom okw]f zifh Vf-vm? Vf, t-oku
hd yf`
pd\y0god -H udk pd\+H y0god -H [k yk']f zwf? 0H 0g 0a-]zifh ed[dwu
f kd rf-y? <0r'epaom okwYf p-]zifh r-udk y-y`
o'wMyokawm-udk ouwMyokawm-[k yk']f zwf? <0r'e-paom okw]f zifh u-udk 'y`

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17

AsOeod
25` 'DCH`
qef:apmifo
h if\h m, |Gwv
f <
G \f mwdYhk aemufAsn:f ajumifh a|S \h -udk tcsKd U 'DCy`
* qef:apmifo
h if\h m? |Gwv
f <
G \f m? Sp]f zm 'DC Asn:f aSmif:u`
rsm<H=ar+t<H? wsm[H=aw+t[H? cDy\rH=cd+y\rH`
26` \H`
qef:apmifo
h if\h m, tm}kaH Smif:\m, oH<}k af Smif:\mwdYhk aemufAsn:f ajumifh a|So\ukd
tcsdKU \y`
* qef:apmif,h tm}k?H aSmif:wkH oH<}k ?f \ xkw?f tcsKyf Asn:f aSmif:\m`
abm0g'demr aom=abm0g'D+emr aom? <x<d'=H <xm+'H? y\Uarm=y\m+
uarm`
|kyw
f u
G -f
rsm<H-udk ar+t<H-[k yk']f zwf? <ar'ma'aom-]zifh {-udk <f-y? 'DC-H ]zifh tudk tm-'DCy? <f, tm-oku
hd yf? rf, <m-okhd uyf`
abm0g'demr aomudk abm0g'D+emr aom-[k yk']f zwf? 'f-cGi:f , T-uif:? \H-]zifh Tudk -\y? 'f, -okhd uyf`
<x<d'H-udk <xm+'H-[k yk'f]zwf? <0r'e-paom okwf]zifh <f-vm? <f, -okdh
uyf? xf-cGi:f , tm-uif:? \H-]zifh \y? xf, t-okhd uyf`
y\Uarm-udk y\m+uarm-[k yk']f zwf? y\ a'Gbma0g Xmae-]zifh uf-> o'doa'Gabmf
uf-vm? \f-cGi:f tm-uif:? \H-]zifh tm-udk t-\y? \f, t-okhd uyf`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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27` avmyOP wjwmuma\m`

aemufAsn:f ajumifh tcsKd Ut&m aom Sihf {aom-> tqk:H jo-udk acsI xdak us\mY
t-vm`{o"arRm={aom+"arRm? orke=d aom+rke`d
* aomSihf {aom? tqH:k jorSm? Asn:f aSmif:\m? acsum t-vnf:vm`
po'Ng]zifh o\aSmif:\mYvnf: a|S o
h \udak csI xdak us\mY t-vm`
{o tawMm={aom+tawMm`

29` 0a aCmomaCmomeH wwd<yxrm`

0}fY 'kw<
d uQ\m |S\d mY yxruQ\mvm? pwkwu
M \Q m |S\d mY wwd<uQ\mvm`
qd|k :kd - c > to'doa'Gabmf u-vm? C-> to'doa'Gabmf }-vm ponf`
* 0}fwGif 'k, p? |Sdavu? y, w pOfwkdif:vm`
|l y uQ a m =|l y +ca m ? y\wd = y+C\wd ? ed p a <m=ed + pa<m?
yxrmeH=yxr+meH? <jwdw=H <jw+Xdw`H

18

269` <0wH wve 'um\meH AsOemed

pvZum\wWH`
< tuQ\m|Su
d ek af om w, v, e, '-Asn:f wku
hd dk tpOftwdik :f p, v, , Z-y`
* w v e '? <-<SOfu? p v, Z-y`
um\-o'Ngyd]k zifh <-Si<
hf OS o
f nfh o, x, ", E-wdu
hk kd tpOftwdik :f o, q, ,
-y? u, p, , y-0}fwu
hkd kd xyfwl u-0}f, p-0}f, -0}f, y-0}fy`
* <0wH-rS? ydk um\-]zif?h <-Si<
hf OS jf u? o, x, ", Em? pOfwidk :f omvi?f
o, qm, , ? yuke\f >? u, p, , y? 0}fav:0? y\ xyfwo
l m`
ZpPam=Zmwd+tam? 0dyvmaom=0dyvd+tmaom? tnma<m= ted+ tma<m?
<aZ0=H <'d+{0H`
|kyw
f u
G -f
{o"arRm-udk {aom+"arRm-[k yk'f]zwf? of-cGif:, jo-uif:? avmyOP wjwmuma\m]zifh jo-udk acsI xdkaus\mY t-vm? of, t-okdh uyf`
{otawMm-udk {aom+tawMm-[k yk']f zwf? of-cGi:f , jo-uif:? avmyOP wjwmuma\mokwYf p-o'Ng]zifh aemuf t-o\ajumihf a|S jh o-o\udk acsI xdak us\mY t-vm? of, t-odu
hk yf`
ZpPamudk Zmwd+tam-[k yk']f zwf? wf-cGi:f , -uif:? 0am <H e0g-]zifh -udk
<-y? wf-<-odkh uyf? <0wH-paom okwf]zifh ws-udk p-y? p- t-odkh uyf? p-> o'do a'G
abmf p-vm? \H-]zifh \y`
0dyvmaom-udk 0dyvd+tmaom-[k yk'f]zwf? vf-cGif:, -uif:? 0am <H e0g-]zifh udk <-y? <0wH-paom okwf]zifh vs-udk v-y? v- tm-odkhuyf? v-> o'doa'Gabmf v-vm`

19

48` uGpd yd ywd`

Asn:f ajumihv
f nf:aumif:, o\ajumifv
h nf:aumif: ywd-udk tcsKd yd-y`
* o\, Asnf:>? a|Sywd? yd-tcsdKy`
yd=ywd+td? yd[nwd=ywd+[nwd`
|kyw
f u
G -f
|lyuQam-udk |ly+cam-[k yk'f]zwf? 0a aCmomaCmomeH wwd<yxrm-]zifh c> to'doa'Gabmf uf-vm` y\wd-Y C-> to'doa'Gabmf }f-vm`
edpa<m-udk ed+pa<m-[k yk'f]zwf? a'g " p-Y p-]zihf p-udk q-y? 0a-paom
okw]f zifh q-> to'doa'Gabmf pf-vm`
yxrmeH-Y -> to'doa'Gabmf Zf-vm`
<jwdw-H ukd <jw+Xdw[
H k yk']f zwf? 0a paomokw]f zifh X-> to'doa'Gabmf fvm`
yd-udk ywd+td-[k yk']f zwf? uGpd yd ywd-]zifh t o\ajumihf ywd-udk yd-y? fcGi:f , -uif:? o\m oa\ avmyH-]zifh a|S h -o\ukd acs? f, t-okhd uyf`
yd[nwd-Y [ Asn:f ajumifh ywd-udk yd-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

20

49` ykxk AsOae`

aemufAsn:f ajumifh ykx>tqH:k t-udk O-y`
to'Ng]zifh o\aSmif:\mY ykxr[kwaf om o'Ng> tqk:H o\ukv
d nf: O-y`
* Asn:f aSmif:avu? ykx t-ay? O-yavI? wpfaxG ykx? r[kwu
f vnf:?
o\aSmif:\m? O-yyg? |kyrf mS rkn`H
ykxZk a em=ykx+Zaem? ykxb
k w
l =H ykx+ blw?H rkn=H raem+tnH`
50` jo t0`
aemufAsn:f ajumifh t0-ukd jo-y`
* Asnf:aSmif: t0? jo-y\? rSwfju csKdt\m`
joea'g=t0+ea'g? joumaom=t0+umaom`
p`
79` wAdy\Dwlyya' AsOae
aemufAsn:f ajumihf t0-ukd jo-> 0dy\dwf O-y`
* Asnf:aSmif: t0? O-y\? csKdr jo> 0dy\dwf`
p-o'Ng wm:]rpf]cif: ed0wWmyet0"m\Eteuf`
Oaw=t0+}aw? Opw=d t0+}pw`d

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36` uGpd jo AsOae`

aemufAsn:f ajumifh twdy Sihf y\ aemif tcsdKU jo-vm`
* twdy Si?hf y\-aemufrmS ? Asn:f aSmif:\m? jovm tcsKd wiG `f
twdya }gacg= twdy+ acg? ya\mowH= y\+owH`
AsOeod yD:>`
yuwdod
ord yvk\d mwdYhk e}dyk uwdtwdik :f xm:\onf`
* od xdx
k ?kd ryvd?k e}dk yuwd`

23` o\m yuwd AsOae`

aemufAsn:f ajumifh a|So\ukd yuwdy`
raemykA} rF m "rRm` (y-Asn:f ajumifh jo-udk jo-[k yuwdy)
24` oa\ uGpd`
aemufo\ajumifh a|So\udk tcsKd yuwdy`
aum rH` (-o\ajumifh jo-udk jo-[k yuwdy)
yuwdod yD:>`

|kyw
f u
G -f
ykxZk a em-udk ykx+Zaem-[k yk']f zwf? ykxk AsOa e-]zifh ykx-> tqk:H t-udk O-y?
Z-> o'doa'Gabmf Z-vm`
rkn-H ukd raem+tnH-[k yk']f zwf? ykxk AsOa e-Y t-o'Ng]zifh aemufo\ajumifh
jo-udk O-y? aemufo\ukd acs`
joea'g-udk t0+ea'g-[k yk']f zwf? jo t0-]zifh t0-udk jo-y`
Oaw-udk t0+}aw-[k yk']f zwf? wAyd \Dwyl ya' AsOa e p-]zifh t0-udk jo-> 0dy\dwf
O-y? }-> o'doa'Gabmf }-vm`

21

|kyw
f u
G -f
twdya }gacg-udk twdy+ acg-[k yk']f zwf? uGpd jo AsOa e-]zifh c-Asn:f ajumifh jo-vm?
<0r'e-paomokwYf p-]zihf }f-vm`
raemykA}Frm"rRm-[kwnf? o\m yuwd AsOae-]zifh y-Asnf:ajumifh jo-udk jo-[k
yuwdy`
aum rH-wnf? oa\ uGp-d ]zifh -o\ajumifh jo-udk jo-[k yuwdy`

rSwfcsuf- yuwdo|d yk u
f v
kd nf: oifp ykKdvrf sm:twGuf csex
f m:oifah o:onf`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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ed[Dwod
31` 0H 0g 0a`
0}fAsn:f ajumifh ed[dwu
f kd aSmif:onf0h }f>0-tcsKd h y`
* 0}fAsn:f aSmif:bd? ed[d? aSmif:onhf 0`
0-[lonf u-0}f, p-0}f, -0}f, w-0}f, y-0}fw>
hkd tqk:H i, , E, e,
r-wdw
hk nf:`
wESuaF \m=wES+H ua\m? \EOa[m=\EH+ Za[m? odawm=oH+Xdawm?
Zkwd a \m=Zkwd +H "a\m? orRawm=oH+ rawm`
0go'Ng]zihf ed[dwu
f dk v-y? oavacg=oH+avacg? (ed[dwfukd v-y) ykv}d F =H yk+H vd}F `H
* 0H 0g? 0g-o'Ng? csKd rh mS v-y ed[dwrf `

33` o a< p`
oAemrf <-aSmif:aom ed[dwf iS hf oH-Y|Sad om ed[dwu
f kd edrw
d f <-Siw
hf uG
tcsKd h - y`
* oAemrf <? aSmif:x AdK ? oH-AdK om? aSmif: <-yg? \Hcg -ty`
oanma}g=oH+a<ma}g? oanmZeH= oH+a<mZeH`

22

32` {a[ H`
{ tuQ\m, [ tuQ\majumihf ed[dwu
f dk tcsKd -y`
* {0 Sihf [d? edygwf'rdG ?S { Sihf [-ajumif?h a|S rh S ed[d? -ybd? rSwo
f d csKd t\m`
wan0=wH+{0? {0OS=d {0H+[d`

23

35` r'g oa\`

aemufo\ajumifh <, w, {w-o'NgaemufY|Sad om ed[dwu
f kd tcsKd h r-y, 'y`
wr[H=wH+t[H? {w'a0gp={wH+ta0gp`
r'g[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh Asn:f aSmif:\mYvnf: ed[dwu
f dk r, '-y? Ak'r f
o\Erf }pmrd= Ak'+H o\EH+}pmrd? w'w
d =H wH+[dw`H
oa\-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh ed[dwu
f dk <f-y? w<d'=H wH+'H`
* <, w, {w? o'Naemuf|?dS ed[du?kd ybd r,'? wpfcsKd <? aSmif:x o\, Asn:f `
|kyw
f u
G -f

|kyw
f u
G -f
wESuaF \m-udk wES+H ua\m-[k yk']f zwf? 0H 0g 0a-]zifh ed[dwu
f kd u0 if-y?
if, u-oku
hd yf`
\EOa[m-Y p0 f-y` odawm-Y 0 Ef-y` Zkwd a \m-Y w0
ef-y` orRawm-Y y0 rf-y` ykvd}F H-Y ykH+vd}F H-[k yk'f]zwf? 0H 0g 0a-Y 0g-]zifh
ed[dwu
f kd vf-y? vf, vd-okhd uyf`
wan0-udk wH+{0-[k yk']f zwf? {a[ H-]zifh f-y? f, {-okhd uyf? -> o'doa'Gabmf
-vm`

oanma}g-udk oH+a<ma}g-[k yk']f zwf? o a< p-]zifh ed[dwu

f kd <-Siw
hf uG f-y?
o'doa'Gabmf -vm`
wr[H-udk wH+t[H-[k yk']f zwf? r'g oa\-]zifh ed[dwu
f kd rf-y? rf, t-odu
hk yf`
{w'a0gp-udk {wH+ta0gp-[k yk']f zwf? r'g oa\-]zifh ed[dwu
f kd 'f-y? 'f, t-odu
hk yf`
Ak'rf o\Erf }pmrd-udk Ak'H+o\EH+}pmrd-[k yk'f]zwf? r'g-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh
ed[dwu
f kd rf-y`
w'w
d -H udk wH+[dw-H [k yk']f zwf? r'g-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh ed[dwu
f kd 'f-y? a'g
" p-Y p-]zifh [ ukd "-y? 'f, "d-okhd uyf`
w<d'-H udk wH+'H-[k yk']f zwf? oa\-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh ed[dwu
f kd <f-y? <f,
-okhd uyf`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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38` uGpd avmyH`

qef:apmifo
h ifah omt\m, |Gwq
f v
kd <
G zf t
hkd \m Sprf sK:d Y aemufo\ajumifh ed[dwf
udk tcsKd hacs`
* Asn:f Sio
hf \? aSmif:xAdK ? acs\r? Spcf k qef:apmif,h |Gwv
f <
G u
f sK:d `
wmom[H=wmoH+t[H? 0d'el rdw=d 0d'el +H tH+wd`
p`
39` AsOae
aemufAsn:f ajumifh ed[dwu
f dk tcsKd acs`
t\d<opPme'eH=t\d<opPmeH+'eH? }Kumarm=}KH+umarm`
40` ya\m 0g oa\m`
ed[dwrf aS emuf]zpfaom o\udk tcsKd acs`
* ed[dwrf ?S aemuf|jdS uonh?f 0, wd? 'ged Si?hf tyd, {0? tod pom:?
o\rsm:? aus]im:csKd t\m`
00wMw
d 0dbmom 0go'Ngajumifh ed[dwrf S aemuf]zpfaom 0, wd, 'ged,
tyd, {0, tod-ponfwYhkd ygonfh , t, {-o\wdu
hk o
kd m acs\onf`
tbdeNKd=tbdeNK+H wd? wGo
H =d wG+H tod`

p 0doanma}g`
41` AsOaem
ed[dwrf S aemufo\ausyD:aomf ooanm}Asn:f udk 0doanm}Asn:f y`
* ed[dwrf ?S aemufo\aus? oH<w
k af y? yav 0doanm}Asn:f `
ooanm}=oH<}k |f ?dS 0doanm}=oH<}k rf `hJ oH<}k f acs]cif:uykd if uokc]zpfap\ef 0doanm}Asn:f y[k qdok nf`
{0Ho aw={0H+t aw? ykyo
H m=yky+H tm`
po'Ng]zifh Asn:f ok:H vk:H wkw
hd iG f oabmwl tpAsn:f wpfv:Hk ukd acs`
* o\ wpfv:Hk ? Asn:f ok:H vk:H ae? wpfv:Hk aus? raoG twl tpAsn:f `
t}sm}g\H=td+tm}g\H? 0kws=0kw+dW t`

24

25

37` ed[DwOP`
Asn:f Sio
hf \aSmif:\mY a|SY tcsKd eh d [dwv
f m`
* Asn:f Sihf o\? aSmif:wku
H rl? \aemufrmS ? |Gwv
f <
G \f m? vmyged[dw`f
puQKH O'yg'd=puQK+O'yg'd? t0Hoad \m=t0+oda\m`
po'Ng]zifh 0d ukd tcsdK h y-y? yapPwd=0dapPwd `
|kyw
f u
G -f

|kyw
f u
G -f
wmom[H-udk wmoH+t[H-[k yk']f zwf? uGpd avmyH-]zifh aemufo\ajumihf ed[dwu
f kd
acs? o-cGi:f , acs? 'kw<
d ykid :f 'DC-H ]zifh 'DCy? uyf`
0d'el rdw-d udk 0d'el +H tH+wd-[k yk']f zwf? uGpd avmyH-]zifh e-txuf|dS ed[dwu
f akd cs?
ef-cGi:f , acs, uyf? r'g oa\-]zifh -txuf|dS ed[dwu
f kd rf-y? rf--odu
hk yf`
t\d<opPme'eH-udk t\d<opPmeH+'eH-[k yk'f]zwf? AsOae p-]zifh aemuf 'Asn:f ajumifh a|S eh d [dwu
f akd cs`
}Kumarm-Y aemuf u-Asn:f ajumifh K-txufY|Sad om ed[dwu
f kd acs`
tbdeNKd-udk tbdeNK+H wd-[k yk']f zwf? ya\m 0g oa\m-]zifh aemuf -o\udk acs?
0H 0g 0a-]zifh ed[dwu
f kd w-0 ef-y? ef, wd-okhd uyf`
wGo
H -d Y ed[dwrf S aemuf t-o\udk acs`

{0Ho aw-udk {0H+t aw-[k yk']f zwf? ya\m 0g oa\m-]zifh ed[dwrf S aemufo\udak cs?
AsOa em p 0doanma}g-]zifh ooanm} -Asn:f udk 0doanm} o-Asn:f y`
ykyHom-udk ykyH+tm-[k yk'f]zwf? ya\m 0g oa\m-]zifh ed[dwfrS aemufo\udkacs?
AsOa em p 0doanma}g-]zifh ooanm} -Asn:f udk 0doanm} o-Asn:f y`
t}sm}g\H-udk td+tm}g\H-[k yk']f zwf? f-cGi:f , -uif:? 0am <H e0g-]zifh -udk
<f - y? <- tm-od k h u yf ? f - <m-od k h u yf ? (tsm}g\H ) AsO a em p 0d o anma}g-Y p-]zif h
Asn:f ok:H vk:H wkw
hd iG f oabmwltpAsn:f wpfv:Hk ukd acs`
puQKH O'yg'd-udk puQK+O'yg'd-[k yk'f]zwf? ed[DwOP-]zifh aemuf O-o\ajumifh uQKtxufY ed[dwv
f m` t0Hoad \m-Y o-Asn:f ajumihf 0-txufY ed[dwv
f m`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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ed[DwH`
30` tH AsOae
acsr, yr-tpD\ifrsm: rvd\k mY aemuf Asn:f ajumihf ed[dwu
f kd tH-y`
* Asn:f aSmif: ed[d? tH ybd? rSwo
f d acs, y rvd\k m`
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0dbm}]zifh t,vm? ed[dwu
f dk ',y? w'rdemyd Zmemx=wH rdemyd Zmemx`

26

okwmW wda'o
51` tky'dmeH 0kwWa<m}awm`
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hdk v
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o\m oa\ avmyH-okwYf o\m avmyH-[laoma<m} 0dbm}]zifh Asn:f aSmif:
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f u
G -f
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qdak omfvnf: t-onf |Gwq
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Hk m? ed[dwu
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k nf: tH-[k yuwdy? 0f, tH-odhk uyf`
y<d|yk gowd-udk y\d+Oygowd-[k yk']f zwf? <0r'e-paomokw]f zifh <f-vm? <f-O-odu
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tebdae<s-Y e-Sihf t- a|S ah emuf]yef`
apwsmed-udk apwd<med-wnf? wf-cGif:, -uif:? o\m oa\ avmyH-okwfY o\m
avmyH-[laom a<m} 0dbm} ]zifh <-Asn:f ajumifh a|S h -o\ukad cs? wf, <m-oku
hd yf`

27

odydkif:yD:>`
|kyw
f u
G -f
ydocFg-udk ydocFg<-wnf? awok 0k'-d paom okw]f zifh <-udk acs`
vd}F -H udk vDe+t}F -H [k yk']f zwf? awok 0k'-d paomokw]f zifh e, t-wdu
hk kd acsI T-udk
-\y`
umar-udk umrba0-wnf? awok 0k'-d paom okw]f zifh b0-yk'u
f kd acs`
yyH-udk y+tmyH-[k yk']f zwf? 0g ya\m to|lyg-Y 0g ya\m-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh
aemuf tm-o\udk acs`
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of, {-okhd uyf`
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w'rdemyd Zmemx-udk wH rdemyd Zmemx-[k yk']f zwf? ya\m 0g oa\m-okw]f zifh
aemuf -o\udk acs? wjwmuma\m-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh xdak us\mY t,vm? r'g oa\]zifh ed[dwu
f kd 'f-y? 'f, t-okhd uyf`

28

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
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29

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30

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
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emrfyikd :f

284` vd}FawM yXrm`

vdit
f eufY yxrm0dbwfouf`
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f um\aemif od-ukd jo y? yxrma<mSihf ed-ukd tm-y? 'kw<
d m a<mSihf
ed-ukd {-y?`

teufohdk a|S| Gww

f wfaomajumifv
h nf:aumif:, rdro
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dk w
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f v
dk nf:aumif:, "mwfuv
dk nf:aumif: ]rwfpmG bk\m:ygVdawmftm: avsmufywf
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S f `
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31

83` o\avmayg rma'oypP<m'drSd o\avmay wk yuwd`

tH 0dbwf, tma'o, ypPn:f , tm}ko
H \ajumifh a|So\udak csI aemufo\udv
k nf:
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yk\ad om wdwd`
A[k0kpf a<m-ouf? ( yk\do+ a<m)

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tum\aemifrS tvH:k pHak om yxrma<m, ed-ukd tm-y? 'kw<
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d nf: jo-[k yuwdy?
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

32

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

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tmvkyt
f eufyv
kd eG af om vdit
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(abm yk\do+ od )
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246` tmuma\m 0g`

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f ?D ausyD rvd\k m`

33

286` u\aE wwd<m`

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34

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

99` oRm[doRd HeH rSmbdrSd 0g`

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t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

35

108` oRmoRd HeH 0g`

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d meH` (pwkwMDSifhwl)
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36

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
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trnf 0dbwf
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d m?
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Ak'g eH`
Aka'o`k

37

raem}dE
k :f
(raem}kE
d :f um: - tH, em, o, odR wH Yhdk om xl:I uif: yk\od o'NgiS hf wl>? xl:aom|kywf uhdk dk ca\yGithf rSw]f yxm:onf`)
* oRd ,H o, em? od, aom, omSi?hf tH-rSm jo-rSw?f ormof, w'?d v<f jo-od?
use|f dS yk-wdik :f raem}kE
d :f `
raem? rem? a[ re? a[ rem? b0am rem`
182` o apm`
raemo'Ngvif twl|adS om o'Ngtaygif:aemif o-udk jo-y`
p-o'Ng]zifh tH0b
d wfuv
dk nf: jo-y`
* rem'd-rS? oRd ,H o, em? , jo, tm-y? o-vmr? jo-y tHrmS o-rvm`
repaomo'Ngwkahd emifrS oRd -H ukd -y? o-ukd jo-y? em-ukd tm-y? , jo,
tm-o\wkahd jumifh a\S Yh o-vm? tH-uku
d m: jo-y|ko
H m yonf? o-rvm`
* raem? reH? rae`
181` raem}Em'dawm oRd Hemerdtm`
raemo'Ngvif twl|adS om o'Ngtaygif:aemif tcsKd t
h \mY oRd -H ukd -y? em-ukd
tm-y`
184` o oa\ 0g }arm`
aemufo\ajumifh raem}Em'd o'Ngaemif tcsKd h o-vm`
0g-o'Ng]zifh ypPn:f aSmif:\mYvnf: o-vm`
* reom? raee? rae[d? raebd`
|kyw
f u
G -f
raem-ukd re-wnf? tH-ouf? o apm-Y p-]zifh tH-ukd jo-y? e-cGif:? acs, uyf?
raem-yD:>`
reom-ukd re-wnf? em-ouf? raem}Em'dawm oRd Hemerdtm-]zifh em-ukd tm-y?
ooa\ 0g }arm-]zifh o-vm? o, tm-okdh uyf? reom-yD:>`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

38

* reaom? re? remeH` reoRm? rerSm? rem? rae[d? raebd` * reaom? re?
remeH` * reod? reoRd ?H rerS?d rae? raeok`
* em, o, oRd 0H ?d om, aom, od-qk:H ? ud<muH? jocH 0duyf? ormof,w'?d v<f
jo od? oHk:|Sd raem}dkEf: vuQEm`

1`
2`
3`

raem}kE
d :f vuQEm 3-yg:
em-0dbwfaSmif:\mY om? o-0dbwfaSmif:\mY aom? oRd -H 0dbwfaSmif:
\mY od-tqk:H |S]d cif:?
ud<m>uHY jo-tuQ\mtqk:H |S]d cif:?
ormof,w'w
d w
f >
hdk tv<fY jo-tuQ\mtqk:H |S]d cif:tm:]zifh raem}kE
d :f
vuQEm 3-yg:`

raem 0apm 0a<m awaZm? wayg apawm warm <aom`

ta<m ya<m oda\m qaNm? oa\m Oa\m \a[m ta[m`

raem}dE
k :f yD:>`
|kyw
f u
G -f
reaom-ukd re-wnf? o-ouf? o apm-]zifh o-ukd jo-y? o oa\ 0g}arm-]zifh
of-vm? of, jo-okdhuyf? reaom-yD:>`
reod-ukd re-wnf? oRd H-ouf? raem}Em'dawm oRd Hemerdtm-]zifh oRd H-ukd -y? ovm? o, -okdh uyf? reod-yD:>`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

39

raem}Em'd}E
kd :f
AdvH AvH 'arm 0ga[m? xmarm xmrH Za\m Z\m`
y'H rkcH ws.m.'su-F ykm raem}Em'daum`
tmayg p o\a'g 0ga<m? \aZm \ZHwt
d m'a<m`
tuF'<
G orm? raem}Em'daum rwm`
* Adv-H tp? yk'|f pS 0f ? tp wpft}Fg `
* tmayg-p]zm? yk'w
f rhkd mS ? Sp]f zm aemuft}Fg`
AdvH-paom 8-yk'fonf raem}kdEf:vuQEm 3-csufwGif tp t}FgvuQEm
wpfyg:om\So
d nf`
tmayg-paomyk'rf sm:onf tqk:H t}FgvuQEm 2-csuo
f m\So
d nf?`
awok0'k -d paomokwf uD: ]zifh \[-o'Ngaemif oRd u
H dk jo-y? t[-o'Ng aemif
odR -H 0dbwfudk ed- y, O-y`
* t[-aemuf|Sd? oRd H 0drSm? O, ed-Spf0? \[-aemufum:? jo-y]im:? rSwfom:
awok0'k `f
\a[m ydpa tmoae? t[ed? t[k`
105` aom 0g`
tum\aemifrS em-0dbwfukd tcsKd h aom-y`
twMaom? AsOe aom? tuQ\aom`
tawm tvdu
k jf uOfonfh aom 0g-[laom 0dem"dum\ a<m}0dbm}]zifh , Owkhd
aemifvnf: aom-y? a<medaom? a[wkaom`
* t-aemifrSem? aom-y\m? csKd hrmS ,O-aemuf aom-y`
106` 'DaCma\[d`
'DC, jo\-o'Ngwdahk emifrS oRm-udk tcsKd h aom-y`
'DCaom? jo\aom? 'DCrSm? jo\rSm`
raem}Em'd}E
kd :f yD:>`

40

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

}kE0g'd}E
kd :f
}kE0g'}d E
kd :f |yk rf sm:u2kd -ydik :f cIJG ]yrS vG<uf |l iS :f vif:rnf` - u` K->tqk:H O-udk t-yI pD\ifaomtydik :f ?
c` 0dbwfSifhwuG tvkH:pkHaom KypPnf:udk pD\ifaomtydkif:`
tydik :f (u)
}kE0WK-wnf? od-ouf? (}kE0K od )
* tH, o-a|S rh ?S K-t-Si?hf }, o-csev
f yS ?f uif:0dbwfwkd ? aSmif:vwf K?
tqk:H O? t-y yk}E
dk :f wl`
tH, o-ajumifh tvk:H pkaH om K-udk t-y? }od Sihf o-rSuif:aom 0dbwfwhkd
ajumihf K-> tqk:H O-udk t-y` K-> tqk:H O-udk t-yyD:vif yk\o
d m'd}E
kd :f twdik :f
pD\ifav`
94` odrSd 0g`
od-0dbwfajumifh K-ypPnf:> tqkH: O-udk tcsKd h t-y`
}kE0am`
92` Kam a<mok p`
ok, eH, [d, a<m-0dbwfwahkd jumifh K-ypPn:f > tqk:H O-udk t-y`
p-o'Ng]zifh tH, em, oRm, oRd -H wdk ajumifh t-y?
t-o'Ng]zifh K->tqk:H O-udk t-yI a<m-udk -y `
(Kam a<mokp-okw\f if:]zifh A[k0pk f 0dbwftm:v:Hk ? p-o'Ng]zifh tH, em, oRm, oRd H 4-vk:H ajumifh t-y)
}kE0m?
abmam }kE0m`
|kyw
f u
G -f
}kE0am-ukd }kE0K-wnf? od-ouf? odrdS 0g-]zifh K-> O-ukd t-y? aom-]zifh odukd jo-y? acs, uyf? }kE0am-yD:>`
}kE0m-ukd }kE0K-wnf? yxrm a<m-ouf? Kam a<mok p-]zifh K-> Oukd t-y? oAa<meDerm{-]zifh yxrm a<m-ukd tm-y? acs, uyf? }kE0m-yD:>` (uif:aom
K-> O-ukd t-yaom|kyf rsm:ukd wGuaf v)

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

41

93` oA 0g tHaook`
tH, o-0dbwfwahkd jumifh tvk:H pkaH om K-ypPn:f ukd tcsK.d t-y`
}kE0H? }kE0H?
}kE0a`
}kE0ae?
}kE0a[d? }kE0abd`
}kE0?
}kE0meH`
}kE0oRm? }kE0rSm? }kE0m?
}kE0a[d? }kE0abd`
}kE0?
}kE0meH`
}kE0oRd ?H }kE0rS?d }kE0a?
}kE0aok`
tydkif: (c)
* }- tH, t0Ef? eH-wH, od-tm? em-wm, o-awm? y-0d a<mrSm? am-om?
Kyg oRd H-wd`
K-ypPn:f ud-k }-od-Siw
hf uG tH, t, tm-y? eH-Siw
hf uG wH-y? em-Siw
hf uG
wm-y? o-Siw
hf uG awm-y? yxrma<m-Siw
hf uG am-y`
(okwfrsm:Y 0dbwfSifhwuG K-udk yonf[kqdkonf? vuFmYum: csKH:IvG<fap\ef K-SifhwuG 0dbwfudk y[kqdkxm:onf?
tqduk aJG omfvnf: oabm twlwyl if`)
124` tm odrSd`
od-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG tvk:H pkaH om K-ypPn:f udk tm-y`
}kE0g`
tm-[laoma<m}0dbm}]zifh yxrm a<m-ajumifv
h nf: tm-y? (00g ta[ok)H
|kyw
f u
G -f
}kE0H,}kE0-ukd }kE0K-wnf? tH,o-ouf?(}kE0K+tH? }kE0K+o) oA 0g
tHaook-]zifh tvk:H pkaH om K-ukd t-y? (}kE0+t+tH? }kE0+t+o) acs, uyf? }kE0H, }kE0
yD:>` (tH-ajumifh a\S h t-o\ 2-vkH:ukd acs)
}kE0g-udk }kE0K-wnf? od-ouf? tm odrSd- ]zifh 0dbwfSifhwuG K- udk tm-y?
(}kE0+tm) 0f-cGi:f , acs? uyf? }kE0g-yD:>`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

122` K am`
yxrma<m-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG tvk:H pkaH om K-ukd am-y`
}kE0am`

270` trSwrk S K\mZ]A[Rwo

W cowMKydwm'D[d oRm em0`
trS, wkr,S KypP<, \mZ, ]A[R, twW, oc, owMK, ydw-k paomo'Ngwkahd emifrS
oRm-udk em-uku
d o
hJ ihdk `hJ
* \mZm, owMm? }kE
d :f Sp]f zmSi?hf K-yg trS? wkr-S aemufwiG ?f oRm-0if? vdv
k if
em-odkh a]ymif:`
}kE0wm? (oRm-udk em-iJ?h 0dbwfiS whf uG K-udk wm-y)
}kE0awm? }kE0?
}kE0wH`
}kE0wd? (0dbwfiS whf uG K-udk wd-y)

42

126` t0m p a}`

}-odajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG tvk:H pkaH om K-ukd tH, t, tm-y`
abm }kE0H? abm }kE0? abm }kE0g? (0dbwfSifhwuG K-udk tH, t, tm-y)
b0am }kE0am` (0dbwfiS whf uG K-udk am-y)
127` awmwdwm ooRd Hemok`
o, oRd ,H em-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG K-ukd awm, wd, wm-y`
}kE0wm? (0dbwfiS whf uG K-udk wm-y)
}kE0awm? (0dbwfiS whf uG K-udk awm-y)
123` ao 0g`
o-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG K-ukd tcsK.d -y`
}kE0` (0dbwfSifhwuG K-udk -y)
128` eHrSd wH 0g`
eH-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG K-ukd tcsK.d wH-y`
}kE0wH` (0dbwfiS whf uG K-udk wH-y)

43

}kE0K-o'Ng y'rmvm t]ynft

h pkH
y` }kE0g, }kE0am?
}kE0m,
}kE0am`
tm` abm }kE0H, }kE0, }kE0g?
b0am}kE0m,}kE0am`
'k` }kE0H, }kE0H?
}kE0a`
w` }kE0wm, }kE0ae?
}kE0a[d, }kE0abd`
p` }kE0awm, }kE0, }kE0?
}kE0wH, }kE0meH`
rD` }kE0wm, }kE0oRm, }kE0rSm, }kE0m?
}kE0a[d, }kE0abd`
q` }kE0awm, }kE0, }kE0?
}kE0wH, }kE0meH`
o` }kE0wd, }kE0oRd ,H }kE0rS,d }kE0a? }kE0aok`
Ttwl-b}0g? oDv0g? 00g? owdrm? pdrN m? <m0g? Ak'0 g ponfwkd uo
kd ad v`

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f u
G -f
}kE0am-ukd }kE0K-wnf? yxrma<m-ouf? K am-]zifh 0dbwfiS hf wuG
K-udk am-y? }kE0am-yD:>`

}kE0g'd}E
kd :f yD:>`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

44

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

}pm'd}E
kd :f

}p,H }p?H
}pwm, }pae?
}pawm, }p, }p?
}pwm, }poRm, }prSm, }pm?
}pawm, }p, }p?
}pw,d }poRd ,H }prS,d }pa?

(}p + od )
186` odrSd }pm'DeH oa'Ng tH`
od-0dbwfajumifh }p-paom o'Ngwk>
hd -ukd tH-y`
odrdS }pm'DeH oa'Ng-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh t\[m, r[m ponfwYhdk tmvnf:y`
* od-aSmif: ? tH-y\? csKd r r[m-ponf tm` (=udk ew-[kzwf)
}p?H }pam? }pm`
187` aoaook K0`
od-0dbwfrS uif:aom 0dbwf, ypPn:f wkahd jumifh -ukd K-uku
d o
hJ hdk iJ`h
* -udu
k JG ? K-iJ?h vdw
k hJ |kyf yD:\ef`
* od-rS uif:use?f |kyaf e[ef? Spw
f ef }k, }pf twl]zpf`
od-rSuif:aom |kyrf sm:onf }kE0g'd}E
kd :f , }pm'd}E
kd :f Sprf sK:d vk:H |kyaf eykH wl>`
}pam`
abm }p,H }p, }pm?
abmam }pm, }pam`
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f u
G -f
}pH-udk }p-wnf? od-ouf? odrSd }pm'DeH-paomokwf]zifh -udk tH-y? pf-cGif:? acs?
uyf? od-acs? }p-H yD:>`
}pam-Y (}p+od) od-udk jo-yK` }pm-Y (}p+a<m) a<m-ukd tm-y`
}pam-udk }p-wnf? yxrma<m-ouf? aoaook K0-]zifh -udk K-udu
k o
hJ kd iJ?h
Kam-]zifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uGK-udk am-y? }pam-yD:>`
abm }p,H }p, }pm-ukd }p-wnf? tmvkyo
f -d ouf? }-trnfrn
S ?fh -udk K-iJ?h t0m
p a}-]zifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG K-udk tH, t, tm-y? cGi:f , acs, uyf`
rSwcf suf}p-twdik :f xm:vif od-rS wyg: yk\o
d m'd}E
kd :f Siw
hf `l
K-iJv
h if }kE0g'd}E
kd :f twdik :f pD\ifav`

45

}pa`
}pa[d, }pabd`
}pw,H }pmeH`
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}pw,H }pmeH`
}paok`

{0H r[H p\H wd?H ''H bkOH okEH ypH`

Z<H ZD\H p0H rD<?H b0H oH p pPm'a<m`
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b0o'Ng },a<m,em,o wkYhd xl:>`
b0H, b0am?
b0m, b0am?
awok0'k -d paomokw]f zifh a<m,em,o-0dbwfwahdk jumifh b0o'Ngukd abmy`
* b0-r? abm-y? aSmif:r a<m, em, o`
abmm, abmam`
(a<m, em, o-wd k h Y b0-twd k i f : vnf : aumif : ? b0-ud k abmyIvnf:aumif: 2-rsK:d pD }p-uJo
h hkd |kypf \D ifav? awok 0k'-d ]zifh abm-y\onfom
xl:onf`)
|kyw
f u
G -f
b0H-udk b0-wnf? od-ouf? odrSd }pm'DeH-paom okwf]zifh -udk tH-y? 0f-cGif:,
acs, uyf` (}, a<m, em, o-rS uif:aom b0- |kyfrsm: }p-twdkif:odav)
abmm-udk b0-wnf? a<m-ouf? awok 0k'd-paom okwf]zifh b0-udk abmy? oAa<meDerm{-]zifh yxrma<m-udk tm-y? cGif:, acs, uyf`
abmam-Y abm-y? -udk K-iJ?h K am-]zifh 0dbwf Siw
hf uG K-udk am-y?`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

46

t|Siw
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243` abm a} wk`

}-odajumifh b0-o'Ngudk abm-y`
wk-o'Ng]zifh abm, ba-ponfy`
abm b0H b0 b0g
b0E b0Em baE?

b0H, b0H?
b0wm, b0ae, abmwm, abmae?
b0awm, b0, b0,
abmawm, abm?
b0wm, b0oRm, b0rSm, b0m?
b0awm, b0, b0,
abmawm, abm?
b0wd, b0oRd ,H b0rS,d b0a?

a[ b0m, b0am?
abmm, abmam`
b0a, abma`
b0a[d, b0abd`

185` oo'N aom ab aAm pa`

b-tuQ\majumifh o-o'Ngukd o-yI tqk:H Y A-vm`
po'Ng]zifh b-raSmif:\mYvnf: o-udk o-y`
* tcsKd o
h ? o-y|? aSmif: b-a|S rh mS A-vnf:vm`
oAB`d (uif: }po'NgiS whf >l `)
}pm'd}E
kd :f yD:>`

b0wH, b0meH`
b0a[d, b0abd`
b0wH, b0meH`
b0aok`

o-o'Ng [d-0dbwfYom |kyx

f :l >`
oH, oam?
om, oam`
abm oH, o, om?
abmam om, oam`
oH, oH?
oa`
owm, oae?
oa[d,

47

\mZm'd}E
kd :f
189` osm p`
]A[R, twW, oc, \mZ-paom o'NgaemifrS od-0dbwfudk tm-y`
* \mZ, ]A[R? twW-p]zm? aemuf od-tm Si?hf a<mrSm tmaem? csKd aem-rSe?f
0dbwf tH? tmeH tcsKdy`
\mZm`
190` a<mermaem`
]A[R, twW, oc, \mZ-paom o'NgaemifrS a<m-0dbwfudk tmaem-y`
\mZmaem? (a<m-udk tmaem-y) \mZdaem `

|kyw
f u
G -f

|kyw
f u
G -f

abm-udk b0-wnf? tmvkyo

f -d ouf? }-trnfrn
S ?hf abm a} wk-]zifh b0-udk abmy? od-acs`
oH-ukd o-wnf? od-ouf? odrSd }pm'DeH paomokwf]zihf -ukd tH-y? o, cGif:? acs?
uyf? od-acs`

oAB-d o-wnf? [d-ouf? bd-y? oo'N-paom okw]f zifh o-udk o-yI tqk:H Y
A-vm? A-bd-odkhuyf`
\mZm-udk \mZ-wnf? od-ouf? osm p-]zifh od-udk tm-y? cGif:, acs, uyf`
\mZmaem-udk \mZ-wnf? a<m-ouf? a<mermaem-]zifh a<m-udk tmaem-y? cGi:f , acs, uyf`
\mZdaem-udk \mZ-wnf? a<m-ouf? a<m-udk tmaem-y? awok 0k'-d ]zifh tm-udk -y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

48
abm \mZ, \mZm,

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

49

136` \nH eHrSd 0g`

eH-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG tvk:H pkaH om \mZ-o'Ngukd tcsK.d \nH-y`
\nH? \mZleH? \mZmeH`
\nm? (om-udk em-iJ)h \mZl[,d \mZlb,d \maZ[d, \maZbd`
\anm, \mZdaem`
\nH, \mZleH, \mZmeH`

abmam \mZmaem, \mZdaem`

188` ]A[Rwo
W c\mZm'dawm trmeH`
]A[R, twW, oc, \mZ-paomo'NgaemifrS tH-0dbwfudk tcsK.d tmeHy`
\mZmeH? \mZH?

\mZmaem? \mZdaem`
137` emrSd \nm 0g`
em-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG tvk:H pkaH om |mZ-o'Ngudk tcsK.d \nm-

138` oRd HrSd \an \mZded`

oRd -H 0dbwfajumihf 0dbwfiS w
hf uG tvk:H pkaH om \mZ-o'Ngukd \an, \mZde-d y`
\an, \mZde,d (\mZ-udk 0dbwfSifhwuG \an-y, \mZded-y) \mZlok, \maZok`

y`
\nm? \maZe? \mZdem` (awok0k'd-paom okwfBuD;jzihf &mZ-\ tqHk; t-udk -jyK)

(]A[R-o'Ng },em,o,oRd w
H Yhdk om xl:I uif: \mZ-Siw
hf )l
]A[Rm,
]A[Rmaem`

* \mZ- o'Ng? 0dbwfygSi?hf \nm emaSmif:? o- aSmif: \anm? \mZdaem- ay?

oRd Haerl? \an, \mZded? eH-aSmif:bd? rSwfod \nH-y`
\mZ-o'Ngudk em-0dbwfiS w
hf uG \nm-y? o-0dbwfiS w
hf uG \anm-y, \mZdaemy? oRd -H 0dbwfiS w
hf uG \an-y, \mZde-d y? eH-0dbwfiS w
hf uG \nH-y`
169` \mZ \mZk okeH[dok p`
ok, eH, [d-0dbwfajumifh tvk:H pkaH om \mZ-o'Ngukd \mZk-y`
* ok, eH, [d-rS? a|S \h mZ-ud?k \mZk-qd?k qk:H udk -y em-aSmif:r`
\mZl[?d \mZlb?d (\mZk-y? 'DCy) \maZ[d? \maZbd`

193` ]A[Rawm } p`
]A[R-o'NgaemifrS }-rnfaom od-ukd {-y`
abm ]Aa[R? (}-odudk {-y? cGif:, acs, uyf) abmam ]A[Rmaem`
]A[RmeH, ]A[R?H
]A[Rmaem`
|kyw
f u
G -f
\nH-ukd \mZ-wnf? eH-ouf? \nH eHrdS 0g-]zifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG tvk:H pkaH om\mZ-o'Ngukd
\nH-y`

135` \mZ \anm \mZdaem ao`

o-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG tvk:H pkaH om \mZ-o'Ngukd \anm,\mZdaem-y`
\anm? \mZdaem`(\mZ-o'Ngukd o-0dbwfiS whf uG \anm-y, \mZdaemy)
|kyw
f u
G -f
\mZmeH-udk \mZ-wnf? tH-ouf? ]A[Rw-W paom okw]f zifh tH-udk tmeH-y? cGi:f , acs, uyf`
\nm-ukd \mZ-wnf? em-ouf? emrSd \nm 0g-]zifh 0dbwfSifhwuG \mZ-udk \nm-y`
\mZdem-udk \mZ-wnf? em-ouf? awok 0k'd-paomokwf]zifh \mZ-> tqkH: t-udk -y`

\mZle-H ukd \mZ-wnf? eH-ouf? \mZ \mZk-paomokw]f zihf \mZ-ukd \mZk-y? oke[
H o
d pk
]zihf 'DC-y`
\nm-ukd \mZ-wnf? oRm-ouf? trSwrk
S K-paomokw]f zifh oRm-ukd em-0dbwfuo
hJ ihdk ?hJ
emrSd \nm 0g-]zifh 0dbwfSifhwuG \mZ-ukd \nm-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

50

198` OwWH oemok`

o, em-0dbwfwahdk jumifh ]A[R-o'Ng> tqk:H t-ukd O-y`
OwW-H [laoma<m}0dbm}]zifh eH-ajumifv
h nf: O-y`
* ]A[R-qk:H t? O-y\? em, o, eH-aSmif: csKd t\m`
]A[RKem, ]Aa[Re? ]Aa[R[,d ]Aa[Rb`d
58` 0K0m vm`
wMv
d id f r[kwaf om 0Efudk , O0Efudk v trnfrn
S `hf
* , T, O,OD? wM<
d u
l ? y-rnfju? , v-rnfxw
k f xD r[kw`f
wMv
d id f , T, O, OD-wdk ukd y-trnfrn
S ?hf wMv
d id f r[kwaf om , T-udk
-trnfrn
S ?hf O, OD-wdk ukd v-trnfrn
S `hf
117` vawm oaem 0g`
, vaemifrS o-ukd tcsKUd aem-y`
* , v, twW? aemuf o, oRm? pOfwikd :f om? \Hcg aem, em, y`
twW-aemif o-udk o aem-]zihf aem-y? oRm em-]zifh oRm-udk em-\Hcgy`
]A[RKaem? ]A[R?
]A[RmeH, ]A[RLeH`
]A[RKem? (om-udk em-iJ)h ]Aa[R[,d ]Aa[Rb`d

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

51

197` ]A[Rawm wk odR H ed`

]A[R-o'NgaemifrS oRd H-0dbwfukd ed-y`
wko'Ng]zihf urR, prR, rk'- paom o'Ngwkahd emifvnf: ed-y?

* ]A[R, twW? csKd urR Si?hf rk'- p aemuf? oRd H a\muf? razmuf ed-ty`
]A[Red?
]Aa[Rok`
twWo'Ng wwd<m-ponfwYhdk om xl:>`
twWm?
twWmaem`
abm twW, abm twWm?
abmam twWmaem`
twWmeH, twW?H
twWmaem`
160` turR p`
em-0dbwfajumifh urR-o'Ng> tqk:H t-ukd t-y, O-y`
p-o'Ng]zihf em-ajumifh twW->tqk:H t-udk t-xyfy? em,ok-wdk ajumifh
rC0, <k0-ponfwkd > tqk:H t-udk tm-y`
* twW-qk:H t? emaSmif: t? te-ok, [d-aSmif:`
twW-> tqk:H t-udk em-aSmif:vif t-xyfy? twWam [dordR ewW-H ]zifh [dajumif,h te- y? tewW-H [laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh ok-ajumifh te-y`
twWem, tawWe`

|kyw
f u
G -f
]A[RKem-ukd ]A[R-wnf? em-ouf? OwWH oemok-]zihf O-y`
]A[RKaem-ukd ]A[R-wnf? o-ouf? OwWH oemok-]zihf O-y? 0K0m vm-]ziffh Oukd vtrnfrn
S ?hf vawm o aem 0g -]zihf vaemifrS o-ukd aem-y`
]A[RLeH-ukd ]A[R-wnf? eH-ouf? OwW-H [laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh eH-ajumihf ]A[R->tqk:H
t-ukd O-y? oke[
H o
d k p-]zihf 'DC-y`
]A[RKem-ukd ]A[R-wnf? oRm-ouf? em-0dbwfuo
hJ ihdk ?hJ OwWH oemok-]zifh O-y`

|kyw
f u
G -f
twWm-Y osm p-]zifh od-udk tm-y`
twWmaem-Y a<mermaem-]zifh a<m-udk tmaem- y`
twWem-udk twW-wnf? em-ouf? t urR p-Y p-]zifh em-ajumifh twW-tqkH:
t-udk t-xyfy`

52

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

211` twWam [doRd rewWH`

[d-0dbwfajumifh twW-> t-ukd te-y`
tewW-H [laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh ok- 0dbwfajumifv
h nf: te-y`
tewW-H [laom bm0 eda'No]zifh oaum, oum-ponfwYhdk 0dbwftm:vk:H ajumifh
twW-udk ou-y`
twWae[d? twWaebd`
213` o aem`
twW-o'NgaemifrS o-ukd aem-y`
twWaem?
twWmeH`
214` oRm em`
twW-o'NgaemifrS oRm-ukd em-y`
wawm-o'Ngyd]k zifh (wpfenf:) trSwrk
S K-paomokwf |Sd yD:]zpfvuf xyfqakd om
oRm em- okwyf ]kd zifh tjwaZm-ponfY twW-> tqk:H w-udk \-y`
twWem?
twWae[d, twWaebd`
twWaem?
twWmeH`
212` wawm oRd H ed`
twW-o'NgaemifrS oRd -H 0dbwfudk ed-y`
twWe?d tawWo,k twWaeok`
|kyw
f u
G -f
twWae[d, twWaebd-udk twW-wnf? [d-ouf? wWf-cGif:, t-uif:? twWam [doRd
rewW-H ]zifh twW-tqk:H t-udk te-y? ok[o
d u
G ma\m {-]zifh e-> t-udk {-y? [d-udk bd-y`
twWaem-udk twW-wnf? o-ouf? o aem-]zifh o-udk aem-y`
twWem-Y oRm em-]zihf oRm-udk em-y`
twWe-d Y wawm oRd H ed-]zifh oRd -H udk ed-y`
twWaeok-udk twW-wnf? ok-ouf? twWam [dodR rewW-H Y tewW-H [laom a<m}
0dbm}]zifh te-y? ok[o
d u
G ma\m {-]zifh {-y`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

ocg? (od-udk tm-y)

53

oco'Ng |kyx
f l:[efum:
ocgaem`(a<m-udk tmaem-y)

191` ocawm pma<maem`

oc-o'NgaemifrS a<m-0dbwfudk tma<m-y, aem-y`
* oc-qkH:t? aem, em, o-wdkh? aSmif:u -y? ok, [d, eH,tH? aSmif:wkH]yefrl?
\Hzef tm\? oc-aemuf a<m? tma<m, aem? yavm oRd H { `
oc-> tqk:H t-udk aem, em, o-aSmif:\mY -y? ok, [d, eH, tH-aSmif:\mY
\Hcg tm\-y? oc-aemifrS a<m-udk tma<m-y, aem-y? oRd -H udk {-y`
ocga<m`
194` ocd aememeHaook`
aem-ty, em, eH, o-0dbwfwahdk jumifh oc-o'Ng> tqk:H t-ukd -y`
ocdaem`
113` ocawm }a 0g`
oc-o'NgaemifrS }-trnf\dS od-0dbwfudk t, tm, ,T {-y`
0g-o'Ng]zihf t]cm:o'Ngaemif }od-udk {-y? vd}w
F M od-udv
k nf: {-y`
* oc-aemuf }? t, tm, , T? {-ig:vDy? rSw|f od? p|Sd aemuf }? {-y\?
vd}F od ay wpfcsKd { `
oc-aemif }od-udk t, tm, , T, {-y? od, b'N-ponfaemifvnf:
}od-udk {-y? 0ey}ak r-ponfY vd}w
F M od-udv
k nf: tcsKd {h -y`
abm oc, ocg, ocd, ocD, oac? abmam ocgaem, ocga<m, ocdaem`
ocgeH`
|kyw
f u
G -f
ocdaem-udk oc-wnf? a<m-ouf? ocawm pma<maem-]zifh a<m-udk aem-y? cfcGif:, t-uif:? ocd aememeHaook-]zifh -y`

54

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

ykrm'd}E
kd :f
152` ykrm odrSd`
od-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG ykr->tqk:H t-ukd tm-y`
t-o'Ngyd]k zifh rC0, <k0-paomo'Ngwd>
hk tqk:H t-udk od-0dbwfiS hf wuG

196` okerHok 0g`

ok, eH, tH-0dbwfwahdk jumifh oc-o'Ng> tqk:H t-ukd tcsKd . tm\-y`
ocg\H, ocH?
ocgaem, ocga<m, ocdaem`
ocdem, oace?
195` tma\m [drSd 0g`
[d-0dbwfajumifh oc-o'Ng> tqk:H t-ukd tcsK.d tm\-y`
ocga\[d, ocga\bd, oac[d, oacbd`
ocdaem, ocd?
ocg\meH, ocgeH, ocDe`H
ocdem (om-udk em-iJ)h
ocga\[d, ocga\bd, oac[d, oacbd`
ocdaem, ocd?
ocg\meH, ocgeH, ocDe`H
192` oRd ar`
oc-o'NgaemifrS oRd -H 0dbwfudk trJ {-y`
(omoe H 0g-jzifh Ny;D vQuf xyfqjdk cif;onf edp0 "d d tusK;d &S\
d /)
oac?
ocga\ok, oacok`
tmwkrmo'Ng * y, 'k Yom? tmwkrmum:? wlpmG twW? uif:or? yk\o
d Siw
hf `l
tmwkrm-o'Ng yxrm, 'kw<
d mwdk Y twW-Siw
hf ?l uif:wwd<mrSpI yk\o
d Siw
hf `l
tmwkrm?
tmwkrmaem`
abm tmwkr, tmwkrm?
abmam tmwkrmaem`
tmwkrmeH, tmwkr?H
tmwkrmaem`( wwd<mrS p I tmwkare - ponf
yk\od o'NgiS whf >l )
\mZm'd}E
dk :f yD:>`
|kyw
f u
G -f
ocg\H-Y okerHok 0g-]zifh tm\-y? \f-cGif:, acs, uyf`
ocdem-Y ocd aememeHaook-]zifh -y`

55

tm-y`
* oRd aH <m od? }-aSmif:bdr?l a|S |h dS ykr? tqk:H t-rSm? 0dbwfyg? tmae,tmaem,
tm Sihf tH`
oRd ,H a<m, od, }-od-aSmif:\mY 0dbwfiS w
hf uG ykr->tqk:H t-udk tpOftwdik :f
tmae, tmaem, tm, tH-y`
ykrm? ykarm?
155` a<moGmaem`
a<m-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG ykr-o'Ng> tqk:H t-ukd tmaem-y`
ykrmaem`
153` trmvyaeu0pae`
}-trnf\dS od-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG ykr-o'Ng> tqk:H t-ukd tH-y`
a[ ykr?H
a[ ykrmaem`
ykr?H
ykrmaem`
|kyw
f u
G -f
ykrm-ukd ykr-wnf? od-ouf? ykrmodr-dS ]zifh od-0dbwfiS w
hf uG ykr->tqk:H t-ukd
tm-y`
od-]zifh ykarm-|kyfudk |lyod'dY r]yaomfvnf: armvmef, o'NeDwdwdkYvmonf`
ykrmaem-ukd ykr-wnf? a<m-ouf? a<moGmaem-]zifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG ykr->tqk:H t-ukd
tmaem-y`
a[ ykrH-ukd ykr-wnf? tmvkyf od-ouf? trmvyaeu0pae-]zifh }-trnf\Sd od0dbwfSifh
wuG ykr->tqk:H t-ukd tH-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

56

159` O emrSd p`
em-0dbwfajumifh ykr-> tqk:H t-ukd tm-y, O-y`
p-o'g tmudik ifjcif; tEkueteuf&\
dS /(upn;f )
l-um;- p-o'Ng]zifh o, oRm-0dbwfwahdk jumifh ykr, urR, xmr-o'Ngwk>
hd
tqk:H t-ukd tcsK.d O-y` (TtpD\ifudk upPn:f usr:f Y [d0b
d wWrd pdS -Y p-]zifh pD\ifonf)
* ykr, urR? xmr-rSm? O-y\m? o, em, oRm-aSmif:`
o, em, oRm-aSmif:\mY ykr,urR, xmr-o'Ngwdk > tqk:H t-udk O-y`
* ykr-qk:H t? tm-y\? csKd r em, ok-aSmif:`
turR p -Y p-]zifh em, ok-aSmif:\mY ykr> tqk:H t-udk tcsKd h tm-y`
ykrmem, ykrek m, ykare?
157` [d0dbwWdrSd p`
[d-0dbwfajumifh ykr-> tqk:H t-ukd tmae-y`
p-o'Ng]zihf od, a<m-paom 0dbwftm:vk:H ajumifh rC0, <k0-paom o'Ngwd>
hk
tqk:H t-udk tme-y? o, oRm-0dbwfwahkd jumifh ykr, urR, xmro'Ngwdk > tqk:H t-udk
O-y`
* [d-aSmif: ykr? tqkH: t? csKd r tmaey`
yk r mae[d , yk r maebd , yk a r[d ,
ykarbd`
ykr, ykrak em?
ykrmeH`
ykroRm, ykrrSm, ykrm,
|kyw
f u
G -f
ykrmem? ykrkem-ukd ykr-wnf? em-ouf? OemrSd p-]zifh ykr-> tqkH: t-ukd tm-O-y`
ykrak em-ukd ykr-wnf? o-ouf? [d 0dbwWrd dS p-Y p-]zifh ykr->tqk:H t-ukd O-y`
0K0m vm-]zifh v-trnfrn
S ?hf vawm o aem 0g-]zifh o-0dbwfudk aem,y`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

57

215` vawm p`
, v-wkahd emifrS oRm-0dbwfudk em-y`
ykrek m?
ykrmae[d, ykrmaebd, ykar[d,
ykarbd`
ykr, ykrak em?

ykrmeH`

156` tmae oRd HrSd 0g`

oRd H-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG ykr->tqk:H t-ukd tcsKd tmae-y`
ykroRd ,H ykrrS,d ykar, ykrmae?
1558` okoRd rm 0g`
ok-0dbwfajumifh ykr->tqk:H t-ukd tm-y`
ykrmok, ykarok`

|kyw
f u
G -f
ykrek m-ukd ykr-wnf? oRm-ouf? [d 0dbwWrd dS p-okwYf p-o'Ng]zifh ykr->tqk:H t-ukd
O-y? v-trnfrn
S ?hf vawm p-]zifh oRm-ukd em-y`
ykrmae-ukd ykr-wnf? oRd -H ouf? tmae oRd rH dS 0g-]zifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG ykr->tqk:H t-ukd
tmae-y`
ykrmok-ukd ykr-wnf? ok-ouf? okordR m 0g-]zifh ykr-> tqk:H t-ukd tm-y`

58

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

t'-o'Ng y'rmvm
ykrm odr-dS Y t-o'Ng]zifh od-ajumifh t'-> tqk:H t-udk 0dbwfiS w
hf uG

<k0-o'Ng y'rmvm
* od-Sihf ok, em? aSmif:avygu? rC0, <k0? tqk:H t-rSm? tm-y\m? od-rSm
wuGy`
* rC0, <k0? tqk:H t? tme-ywk?H 0dbwfuek `f
ykrm odr-dS Y t- o'Ng]zifh od- ajumifh rC0, <k0-wdk > tqk:H t-udk
0dbwfiS w
fh uG tm-y? turR p-Y p-]zifh em, ok-ajumifh rC0, <k0-wdk > tqk:H
t- udk (0dbwf rygbJ) tm- y`
(od, em, ok-rSwpfyg: <k0-]zifh 1-rsK:d ? <k0ge-]zifh 1-rsK:d tm:]zifh yk\o
d -twdik :f
y'rmvmpOfav? [d0b
d wWrd dS p-Y p-]zifh 0dbwftm:vk:H ajumifh <k0-> tqk:H t-udk tmey) (rC0, <k0-wdk > tqk:H t-udk tme-yvif yk\o
d m'd}E
kd :f Siw
hf )l
y`
tm`
'k`
w`
bd`
p`
rD`
q`
o`

<k0g, <k0gaem?
abm <k0, <k0g, <k0ge, <k0gem?
<k0,H <k0geH?
<ka0e, <k0gem, <k0gaee?
<k0, <k0ge
<k0oRm, <k0rSm, <k0g,
<k0geoRm, <k0gerSm, <k0gem?
<k0, <k0ge
<k0oRd ,H <k0rS,d <ka0,
<k0geoRd ,H <k0gerS,d <k0gae?

59

<k0g, <k0gem`
abmam <k0g, <k0gem`
<ka0, <k0gae`
<ka0[d, bd, <k0gae[d,
<k0geH, <k0gemeH`
<ka0[d, bd, <k0gae[d, bd`
<k0geH, <k0gemeH`
<ka0ok, <k0gaeok, <k0gok`

tm-y`
a<moGmaem-[laom 0dem"dum\a<m}0dbm}]zifh a<m-ajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG
tmaem-y`
[d0b
d wWrd dS p-Y p-]zifh tH, [d, ok-wdk ajumifh t'-> tqk:H t-udk tme-y`
* t'-qk:H t? wuGo,d a<m? tm, tmaemy? tH, [d, ok-rS? a|S t
h me-]zm? okaSmif: tm? O-rSm oRm, em, o-aSmif:`

t'g?
abm t', t'g?
t',H t'geH?
ta'e, t'em, t'Kem?
t', t'Kaem?
t'Kem?
t', t'Kaem?
t'e,d t'gae?

t'gaem`
abmam t'gaem`
t'gaem`
t'gae[d, t'gaebd`
t'geH`
t'gae[d, t'gaebd`
t'geH`
t'gaeok`
ykrm'd}E
dk :f yD:>`
ykvid t
f um\yD:>`
============

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

60

tmum\ ykvid f
ykvid f tmum\ o'Ngum:-om-o'Ngwnf:`
om = acG:onf? wdwd` (om-o'Ngwnf? od-acs)
84` taCm\ aru0pea<moGyd p`
wMv
d id ,f ykvid f od-rSuif:aom {u0kp0f b
d wf, a<m-0dbwfwkd ajumifh Cr[kwaf om 'DCudk \-y`
* {u0kp0f ?d xD, yko
H -d cse?f a<m-aSmif:]yefu? juOfz<f C? \yavbd`
om wdd`
a[o,(tmuma\m 0g-]zifh \y) a[om?
abmam om`
oH? (cGif:, acs, uyf)
ao`
aoe? (\y, {e-y)
om[d, ombd`
o,
109` tm< pwkawMu0pe wk`
tum\aemif pwkw{DM u0kpf o-ukd tm< y? wko'Ng]zifh tH-y? wM-H y? twM-H

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

61

o?
omeH`
ooRd H, orSd, ao?
omok`
ypPu"Q rRm, }gD0"Gm ponfwo
hdk nfvnf: Ttwlwnf:`
ykvid t
f mum\ yD:>`
ykvid f um\
ykvid f um\o'Ngum: td-o'Ngwnf:`
95` tdded`
od-0dbwfajumifh td-o'Ng> tqk:H -ukd ed-y`
* td qkH: ? od-aSmif:bd? ed-\Hcgy`
tde?d td`
118` Cyawm p a<meH avmayg`
C, y, , vwkahd emifrS a<m-0dbwfwu
hdk dk tcsKd acs`
* C, y, , v? aemufa<m-us? aus\ a<m-rSm \Hwpfcg`

vnf:y`
* pwkwDM o? t-aemifr?S tm< Sihf tH, wM,H twM`H (wH-udk xH-[kzwf)
(om<)?
omeH`
ooRm, orSm, om?
om[d, ombd`
|kyw
f u
G -f
om wdd-Y om-wnf? a<m-ouf? taCm \-paomokw]f zifh \y? oAa<meDe
rm{-]zifh tm-y` ({u0kpf 0dbwf, a<m-0dbwfaSmif:wdik :f \yI yk\o
d m'd}E
kd :f twdik :f pD\if)

88` a<mok uwedum\avmayok 'DC`H

a<m aus\m, a<m-ukd ed-y\mwkYhd a|So\ukd 'DCy`
* a<m-aus wpf]zm? ed-y\m? a|S rh mS 'DCy`
tD`
|kyw
f u
G -f
td-Y od-ouf, acs`
tde-d Y tded -d ]zifh td-> tqk:H -udk ed-y? od-acs`
tD-udk td-wnf? a<m-ouf? -rSnfh? Cyawm p a<meH avmayg-]zifh a<macs?
a<mok uw-paomokw]f zifh 'DC-y`

62

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

96` a<moGuw\am am`

a<m-0dbwfajumifh yifu<
dk \f ]zpfaom trnf\dS -ukd t-y`
* yifu<
kd f \? Sihf v-rSm? aSmif:\m a<mSi?hf a0, a0gqif?h pOf]zifh tyav`
a<m-aSmif:vif yifu<
kd \f ]zpfaom -udk t-y? a0, a0g- aSmif:vif
yifu<
kd \f ]zpfaom v-udk t-y`
ta<m`
a[ td?
a[ tD, ta<m`

Ttwl-aZmwd ygEd }d rk?d ukpd 0wMd omvd 0D[`d

Asm"d jo"d aAm"d o?d \mod auod omwd 'Dy`d
od rked rEd "ed? <wd }d\d \0d u0d`
uyd tod rod ed"?d 0d"d t[d udrd ywd`
[\d t\d wdrd uvd? Avd Zv"d }[ywd`
O|k"w
d d 0\ywd ed|yk "d? t"dywd`
tOvd om\xd twdxd orm"d O'"d-paom o'Ngwdk uv
kd nf:odav`

82` tHarm ed[DwH vay[d`

, v, y wkahd emifrS tH-0dbwf, r-tuQ\mwku
hd dk ed[dwf y`
* t, tm-aemufrmS ? tH-a\mufvmu? t, tm-aus\? , v, y-aemuf? tH0ifa\muf? razmuf tH-udk ed[dw`f
t, tmaemufY tHa\mufvif t, tmaus\onf? , v, y aemuf tHa\mufvif
tH-ukd ed[dwf y\onf`
td ?H
tD, ta<m`
tdem?
tD[,d tDb,d td[,d tdb`d
td, tdaem?
tDe,H tde`H
tdomR , tdrmS , tdem?
tD[,d tDb,d td[,d tdb`d
td, tdaem?
tDe,H tde`H
tdodR ,H tdr?dS
tDo,k tdo`k
|kyw
f u
G -f

tm'd-o'Ngonfum: odR H0dbwfYom xl:>`

ta<m-udk td-wnf? a<m-ouf? -rSn?hf a<moGuw\am am-]zifh t-y`

td -H Y? tH-ouf? -rSn?hf tHarmpaomokw]f zifh tH-udk -txufY ed[dwf y`
tD[,d tDe,H tDo-k wdYhk oke[
H o
d k p-]zifhf 'DC-y`
tdaem-Y o-ouf? -rSn?hf vawm o aem 0g-]zifh o-udk aem-y`
tdem-Y oRm-ouf? -rSn?hf vawm p-]zihf oRm-udk em-y`

tm'd?
abmtm'd?
tm'd ?H
tm'dem?

63

tm'D, tm'a<m`
abmam tm'D, tm'a<m`
tm'D, tm'a<m`
tm'D[,d tm'Db,d tm'd[,d tm'db-d ponf`

69` tm'dawm jo p`
tm'd-o'Ngaemif oRd -H udk tH, jo-y`
p-o'Ng]zifh t]cm:o'Ngaemifvnf: tH, jo, tm-y`
* tm'd-aemuf|?dS oRd 0H d um:? tH, jo-xm:? t]cm:aemufrmS tH, jo-tm?`
tm'dodR ,H tm'dr,dS tm'd ,H tma'g`
tm'Do?k
tm'do`k
ykvid f um\yD:>`
|kyw
f u
G -f
tm'd -H udk tm'd-wnf? oRd -H ouf? tm'dawm jo p-]zifh oRd -H udk tH-y? -udk -rSn?hf
tHarm ed[DwH vay[d-]zifh tH-udk ed[dwf y`
tma'g-Y oRd -H udk jo-y? cGi:f , acs, uyf`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

64

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

ykvid f Tum\

65

224` eH awm uw\m`

ytyfyD:aom \t]zpf|adS om -aemifrS tH-ukd eH-y`
eH awm-[laom 0dem"dum\a<m}0dbm}]zifh yifu<
dk \f aemif tH-udk eH-y`

ykvdif Tum\ o'Ngum: 'D- o'Ngwnf:`

85` e odordR eyko

H umed`
od-0dbwfajumihf eykvid rf [kwu
f ek af om 'DCo\wku
hd dk \-ry\`
'D?
'D`( -rSnfh a<m-acs)

'de,H 'd ?H
'dem?
'd, 'daem?
'domR , 'drmS , 'dem?
'd, 'daem?

225` a<meH aem`

ytyfyD:aom \t]zpf|adS om -aemifrS a<m 0dbwfwu
hkd kd aem-y`
0dem"dum\ a<m}0dbm}]zifh ryr]yif yifu<
dk f \ -aemifvnf: aem-y`
* \y ? aemufu\Hcg? tH-rSm eH-y? a<m aem-y? ed-y oRd 0H `d
* yifu<
kd \f ? -aemifrv
S nf:? csKd rh tH-eH? a<m-aem-rSe?f wpfzef oRd -H ed`
'daem`

'D, 'daem`
'D[,d 'Db`d
'De`H
'D[,d 'Db`d
'De`H

226` oRd H ed`

ytyfyD:aom \t]zpf|adS om -aemifrS oRd -H ukd ed-y`
oRd H ed-[laom 0dem"dum\a<m}0dbm}]zifh yifu<
dk \f aemifrS oRd -H udk edy`

245` vyg \H`

}, od-ajumihf , v, y-rnfaom 'DCo\udk \y`
* }-od a|S hrS? , v, y? \trJy`
abm 'd?
abmam 'D, 'daem`

'dodR ,H 'dr,dS 'de?d

Ttwl-

|kyw
f u
G -f
'D-Y od-ouf? e odordR eyko
H umed-]zifh wm:]rpfaomajumifh \ ry\? od, acs`
'daem-Y a<m-ouf? -rSn?hf taCm \-]zifh \-y? a<meH aem-]zifh aem-y`
abm'd-Y tmvkyo
f -d ouf? }-rSn?hf T-ukd -rSn?hf vyg\H-]zifh -rnfaom Tukd \-y? od, acs`

'Do`k

"rRD oHCD ED [wM?D pUD yuQD 'gD \D`

qwWD rmvD 0rRD a<m}D? bm}D abm}D umrD omrD`
"ZD }ED ooD odc-D paom o'Ngwdu
hk v
kd nf: odav`

|kyw
f u
G -f
'de-H ukd 'D-wnf? tH-ouf? -rSn?hf \y? eH awm uw\m-]zifh tH-ukd eH-y`
'd -H Y tH-ouf? -rSn?hf taCm\-paomokw]f zihf T-ukd \-y? tHarmed[DwH
paomokw]f zifh aemifrS tH-ukd ed[dwf y`
rSwfcsuf` ` }od rSwpfyg:aom{u0kp0f b
d wfaSmif:wkid :f taCm \ paomokw]f zifh \
yav` \yrSwpfyg: uif: td-o'Ngiw
hf o
l nf`
oRm-0dbwf]zifh 'dem-udk -rSnfh? \-y? vawm p-]zifh oRm-udk em-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

66

}grED o'NgY owWrD 0dbwf ed-ty r|S]d cif:om xl:>`

}grEdodR ,H }grEdr?dS }grEDo`k ('ded-|SdouJhodkh }grEded-[k r|Sddkif)
ykvid f Tum\yD:>`
ykvid f Oum\
ykvdif Oum\o'Ngum: bduQK-o'Ngwnf:`

bduKQ ?

bduLQ ` (a<m-acs? 'DCy)

119` vawm a0guma\m p`

v-aemifrS a<m-ukd a0g-y`
um\-o'Ngyd]k zifh v-aemif a<m-udk tcsKd h aem-y`
* v-aemifrS a<m? tcsKd a0g-Si?hf csKd aem-y\m? wpfcsKd rmS ? Sp]f zm a0g, aem-y`
116` a0a0gok avm p`
a0, a0g tywdahk jumihf yifu<
dk \f v-rnfaom O-ukd t-y`
bduaQ 0g`
abm bduKQ ?
abmam bduLQ `
tuw\m vawm <Gmvye a0a0g`
yifu<
dk \f v-rnfaom O-aemifrS tmvkyf a<m-ukd a0, a0g-y`
* yifu<
kd \f ? v-aemifr?S y\ a0, a0g tmvkyaf <m`
bduaQ 0, bduaQ 0g`
|kyw
f u
G -f
bduaQ 0g-Y a<m-ouf? v-rSn?fh vawm a0guma\m p-]zifh a<m-udk a0g-y? a0a0gok
avm p-]zifh yifu<
kd \f v-rnfaom O-udk t-y`
bduQa0, bduQa0g-Y tmvkyf a<m-ouf? v-rSnfh? tuw\m vawm-paom
okwf]zifh a0-y, a0g-y? a0a0gok avm p-]zifh v-rnfaom O-ukd t-y`
uif:aom |kyrf sm: td-Siw
hf ?l -trnfiS hf v-trnfomxl:onf`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

67

bduKQ ?H
bduLQ , bduaQ 0g`
bduKQ em?
bduQL[d, bduQLbd, bduQK[d, bd`
bduKQ , bduKQ aem?
bduLQ eH, bduKQ eH`
bduKQ oRm, bduKQ rSm, bduKQ em?
bduLQ [d, bd, bduKQ [d, bd`
bduKQ , bduKQ aem?
bduLQ eH, bduKQ eH`
bduKQ oRd ,H bduKQ rS?d
bduLQ ok, bduKQ ok`
Ttwlaowk, auwk, \m[k, bmEk, AK, a[wk, ZK-paom o'Ngwdk ukd odav`
a[wko'NgY a<m-twdik :f xm:aom a[wka<m-wpf|yk yf >
kd ?
a[wl, a[wa0g, a[wka<m-ponf`
ZK-o'NgY a<m-twdik :f xm:aom|ky,f a<m-udk aem-yaom|kyw
f yhdk >
kd `
ZL, Za0g, ZKa<m, ZKaem-ponf`
owMm'd}E
kd :f
199` owMKydwm'Derm odoRd H odavmayg p`
owMK, ydw-k paom o'Ngwdk > O-udk od-aSmif:\mY tm-yI od-0dbwfuv
kd nf:
acs`
* owMK, ydw?k ponf O-rSm? od-aSmif:tm-y? o-aSmif: O? Spcf k od, oaus`
owMm`
|kyw
f u
G -f
ZKaem-udk ZK-wnf? a<m-ouf? v-rSn?hf vawm a0guma\m p-Y um\-o'Ngyd]k zifh
a<m-udk aem-y`
owMm-udk owMK-wnf? od-ouf? owMKydwm'Derm-paom okw]f zifh owMK-tqk:H O-udk
tm-yI od-udkvnf:acs`

68

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

200` tanoGm\wW`H
od-rSuif:aom 0dbwfwkd ajumifh owMK, ydw-k paom o'Ngwdk > tqk:H O-udk
tm\-y`
* owMK, ydw?k ponf O-rSm? tm\-om? aSmif:\m 0dbwf od, o-vyf`
205` wawm a<mearmwk`
tm\ tyaemifrS a<m-udk jo-y`
wk-o'Ng]zifh tm\r[kwaf om o'NgaemufYvnf: a<m-udk jo-y`
* tm\-aemufausm? oRd ,H a<m, em? , jo, tm? -rSm a|S \h `
* tm\-raSm? oRd H, a<m? , jo-tcsKdy`
tm\-tyrSaemuf]zpfaom oRd -H udk -y? a<m-udk jo-y? em-udk tm-y? ty> a|S rh S tm\-> tm-udk \- y`
tm\-r[kwaf om o'NgaemufYvnf: oRd -H udk -y? a<m-udk jo-y`
owMma\m?
abmowM, owMm?
abmam owMma\m`
owMm\H?
owMma\, owMma\m`
207` em tm`
tm\tyaemifrS em-udk tm-y`
owMm\m, owMKem?
owMma\[d, owMma\bd`
|kyw
f u
G -f
owMma\m-udk owMK-wnf? a<m-ouf? tanoGm\wW-H ]zifh tm\-y? wawm a<mearm
wk-]zifh a<m-udk jo-y` (abm owM, owMm-Y tum\ydwm'smerm, tmuma\m 0g-wd]hk zifh
pD\if)
owMm\m-udk owMK-wnf? em-ouf? O-ukd tm\-y? em tm-]zifh em-ukd tm-y? acs?
uyf`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

69

203` O ooRd H oavmayg p`

o-ajumihf owMK, ydwk paom o'Ngwk>
hd O-udk O-yI o-ukv
d nf:acs`
owMK, owMK, owMKaem?
201` 0g eHrSd`
eH-ajumihf owMK, ydwk paom o'Ngwk>
hd tqH:k O-ukd tcsKd tm\-y`
owMm\meH`
202` owMKewWO`P
eH-0dbwfajumifh owMm'd}E
kd :f o'Ngwk>
hd tqH:k O-ukd t-y`
* owMK, ydw?k ponf O-rSm? eH aSmif:\m? \Hcg t-vnf:y`
owMmeH, ( O-ukd t-y? t-ukd tm-'DCy) owMLeH`
owMm\m?(oRm-ukd em-iJ?h O-ukd tm\ y? em-ukd tm y) owMma\[d, owMma\bd`
owMK, owMK, owMKaem?
owMm\meH, owMmeH, owMLeH`
206` wawm odRrd`
tm\-tyaemifrS oRd -H ukd -y`
wawm-o'Ngyd]k zifh tm\-tyr[kwaf omo'NgaemufYvnf: oRd -H udk -y`
|kyw
f u
G -f
owMma\[d, owMma\bd-Y [d-ouf? tanoGm\wW-H ]zifh tm\-y? ok[o
d G uma\m {]zifh {-y`
owMK-udk owMK-wnf? o-ouf? O ooRd H oavmayg p-]zifh O-ukd O-xyfyI o-ukv
d nf:acs`
owMKaem-udk owMK-wnf? o-ouf? O-udk v-rSn?hf vawm o aem 0g-]zifh o-ukd
aem-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

70

208` tma\m \rduma\`

-tuQ\majumihf tm\-ty> tm-ukd \-y`
owM\?d
owMma\ok, owMLok`
Ttwl- uwWm, bwWm, 0wWm-ponfukd odav`
204` ourmwm'DeOP`
o-0dbwfajumifh ourmwkpaom o'Ngwk>
hd tqH:k O-ukd O-yI o-udak cs`
ourmwk, r[mrmwk`
(owMK-Sifhwlaomfvnf: edpP0d"dtusKd:iSm xyfIqdkonf)
* okH:ajumifh 0duyf? okH:ajumifhvyf? |Spf\yf tm\rJ`
* em, eH-0duyf? od, o-vyf? |Spf\yf uif:ajumifhrJ`
em Sif eH 2-vk:H tm:]zifh 0dbwf 3-vk:H ajumifh \Hcg tm\-y? od Sihf o 2-vk:H tm:]zifh
0dbwf 3- vk:H ajumifh tm\-ty vpfvyfonf? uif: 0dbwf 8-vk:H ajumifh trJ tm\-y`
(Ttqdk owMK-o'NgSio
hf m qdik o
f nf)

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

71

abm ydw, ydwm?

abmam ydwa\m`
ydw\H?
ydwa\m, ydwa\`
ydw\m, ydwek m?
ydwa\[d, bd, ydw[
l ,d bd, ydw[
k ,d bd`
ydw,k ydw
k , ydwak em?
ydw\meH, ydwmeH, ydwel ,H ydwek `H
ydw\m?
ydwa\[d, bd, ydw[
l ,d bd, ydw[
k ,d bd`
ydw,k ydw
k , ydwak em?
ydw\meH, ydwmeH, ydwel ,H ydwek `H
ydw\d?(tma\m \rduma\-]zifh \-y) ydwa\ok, ydwo
l ,k ydwo
k `k
Ttwl-bmwm Zmrmwm-ponfwkd uv
kd nf:odav`
rSwcf su`f owMm'd}E
kd :f Y owMKSiw
hf al om o'Ngenf:>? ydwk iS w
hf o
l nfomrsm:>`
owMm'd}E
dk :f yD:>`
ykvid f Oum\ yD:>`
ykvid Of u
D m\

ydwk o'Ng |kyx

f :l yku
H m: (tm\-ty rrJ)
ydwm?
209` ydwm'DerodrSd`
ydwk ponfw>
hdk tm\-tyrSeo
f r tm-ukd t-\y`
* ydwm'd-rS? ]zpf tm\? \ tukef y`
ydwa\m`

ykvdif ODum\ o'Ngum: tbdbl-o'Ngwnf:`

tbdb?l (od-acs)
tbdb,l (a<m-udkacs) tbdbak 0g, tbdbak em`
abm tbdb?k ( vyg\H-]zifh \y) abmam tbdb,l tbdbak 0g, tbdbak em`
|kyw
f u
G -f
tbdbka0g-udk tbdbl-wnf? a<m-ouf? v-trnfrSnfh? OD-ukd O-\y? a<m-ukd

|kyw
f u
G -f

a0g-y`

owM\-d Y tm\-y? wawm oRrd -d ]zihf odR -H udk -y? tma\m \ rduma\-]zifh \y`
ydwa\m-udk ydw-k wnf? a<m-ouf? O-ukd tm\-y? a<m-ukd jo-y? ydwm'Derodr-dS
]zifh tm\-> tm-ukd t-\y` (ydw\d-rSwpfyg: ydwm'Derodr-dS ]zifch sn:f \y)

tbdbak em-Y vawm a0guma\m p-Y um\o'Ng]zifh a<m-ukd aem-yonfomxl:>`

rSwcf suf`
` tuif: bduKQ Siw
hf >
l ? \tyom xl:>? {u0kp0f b
d wfaSmif:wdik :f taCm
\- paomokw]f zifh \-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

72

tbdbkH?
tbdb,l tbdbak 0g, tbdbak em`
tbdbek m?
tbdb[
l ,d tbdbb
l `d
tbdbk,tbdbkaem?
tbdbleH`
tbdbo
k mR , tbdbrk mS , tbdbek m?(vawm p-]zifh em-y) tbdb[
l ,d tbdbb
l `d
tbdbk,tbdbkaem?
tbdbleH`
tbdbkoRd H, tbdbkrSd?
tbdblok`
Tenf:wl-o<L a0bl y\mbdb-l ponfuv
kd nf: odav`
oAnL-o'NgY a<m0dbwfukd aem-tyom|S?d a0g-tyr|S`d
ykvid f ODum\ yD:>`
---------ykvdif {um\ r|Sd`
ykvid f joum\

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

73

74` a<mok p`
a<m-ajumihf a}g> tpdwjf o-udk tm0-y`
po'Ng]zihf em,oRm,oRd ,H ok 0dbwfwahdk jumifv
h nf: tm0-y`
}ga0g` (wawm a<me arm wk-Y wk-]zifh a<m-udk jo-y? 0-cGi:f , acs, uyf)
75` t0HrSd p`
tH 0dbwfajumihf a}g> tpdwf jo-ukd tm0, t0-y`
p-o'Ng]zihf a<m-Spv
f :Hk em? o-Sp]f zm? oRm, oRd ,H ok-|Spv
f :Hk wdk ajumifh t0-y`
}a0g` (t0HrpdS Y p-]zifh t0-y? wawm a<me armwk Y wk ]zihf a<m-udk jo-y)
a[ a}g?
a[ }ga0g, }a0g`
}g0H, }0H?
76` tm0k 0g`
tH-ajumifh tm0-> tqk:H t-udk tcsK.d O-y`
* tH-aSmif: tm0? tqk:H t? csKd r O-y\m`
}g0k?H
}ga0g, }a0g`
}ga0e, }a0e?
a}g[d, a}gbd`

ykvdif joum\o'Ngum: a}g-o'Ngwnf:`

* od, [d, eH, }? uif:ud:k 0ajumif?h tm0, t0? eH-tH-]y? t0-a}g> jo`
od, [d, eH-Sihf }-rnfaom 0dbwfwkd rS uif:aom 0dbwf 9-vk:H wdk ajumifh a}g> jo-udk tm0, t0 2-rsK:d vk:H y\onf`
eH-0dbwfajumifh a}g-> jo-udk t0-yI eH-udv
k nf: tH-y\onf`
a}g }pw`d (od-udkacs)

73` }g0 ao`

o-0dbwfajumihf a}go'Ng>tpdwjf o-ukd tm0-y`
}g0-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh o-0dbwfraSmif:\mYvnf: a}g-> jo udk tm0-y`
}g0, }0?
a}geH`
|kyw
f u
G -f
}g0HY tH-ouf? t0HrdS p ]zifh tm0-y? tm0k0g-]zifh tm0>tqH:k t-ukd O-y? vrSn?hf tHarmed[DwH paomokw]f zifh ed[dwf y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

81` ok[ed mok p`

ok, [d, em-0dbwfwahdk jumihf a}g-o'Ngukd a}gE-y`
p-o'Ng]zihf a}gE eHrdS 0g? ok[ed mokp? 2-okww
f ]hkd zifh wdu
k |f u
kd q
f t
dk yfaom
em, [d, eH, ok-wdrhk S uif:aom a|S ah emuf 0dbwf 8-vk:H wdk ajumifh a}g-udk a}gE-y? [dajumifh a}g-udk }0<-y? eH-ajumihf a}g-udk }k-y`
* a}gE-ywk?H 0dbwfuek ?f wpfzHk }k, }0<-eH, [d-]y`
}k?H (eH-ajumifh a}g-udk }k-y? aem p 'Gg'ad wm eHr-dS Y p-]zifh e-vm? wpfenf:-e-a'Gabmfvm? wpfenf:- ed[dwvf m,
0y? wpfenf:- uGpd "mwk? <'k? awok, ypP<m- [laom okwf uD: 4-okw]f zifh 4-enf: e-vmvif }k-H 7-enf:)

y'rmvmxl:onfh ykvid f tum\o'Ngrsm:rSmyk\o

d , re, }kE0K, }p, o, b0, \mZ, ]A[R, twW, oc-ponfiS hf ykrponf`
yk\ad om raem }kE0g? }pH p oH b0H wxm`
\mZ]A[Rwo
W cg'D? tum\m ykrm'a<m`

74

77` wawm erH ywdrSmvkawW p ormao`

tvkwW ormofY ywd-o'Ngajumifh a}g-o'NgaemifrS eH-ukd tH-yI a}g-> joukd t0-y`
p-o'Ng]zifh ormofr[kw\f mYvnf: eH-ukd tH-y? jo-ukd t0-y`
}0H` (}0H- tH-yD:, eH-yD: 2-rsKd:)
}g0oRm, }g0rSm, }g0g?
a}g[d, a}gbd, }0a<[d, }0a<bd`
}0oRm, }0rSm, }0g?
}g0, }0?
a}geH, }k,H }0H`
}g0oRd ,H }g0rS,d }ga0, }0oRd ,H }0rS,d }a0?
}ga0ok, }a0ok, a}gok`
80` a}gE eHrSd 0g`
eH-0dbwfajumihf tvH:k pHak om a}g-o'Ngukd a}gE-y`
a}gE-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh eH-raSmif:\mYvnf: a}gE-y`
a}gaEm?
a}gEm`
a[ a}gE, a}gEm?
a[ a}gEm`
a}gEH, a}gaE (ponf]zifh yk\od Sithf wl 0dbwf ukeaf tmif pOfav)

75

tum\r[kwfaom ykvdif o'Ngrsm:rSm-

tmum\twGuf om- o'Ng?

um\twGuf td, tm'd-o'Ng?
Tum\twGuf 'D-o'Ng?
Oum\twGuf bduKQ , owMK, ydw-k paom o'Ng?
ODum\twGuf tbdb,l oA-l o'Ng?
joum\twGuf a}g-o'Ngwdw
hk nf:`
om, td, tm'd, 'D p? bduKQ , owMK, ydwm'a<m`
tbdb,l oAal }gwd? ykv}d rF dS urm rwm`
ykvid f yD:>`
eykvid f
eykHvdif tum\o'Ngum: pdwW-o'Ngwnf:`

219` od H`
eyHv
k id t
f um\aemifrS od-ukd trJt-H y`
* eykH t-aemuf? od, a<m-a\muf? razmuf tH, ed pOfwidk :f od`
eykvid f tum\aemif trJ od-udk tH-y? a<m-udk ed-y? yxrm a<mrS]zpfaom
ed-udk tcsKd t
h m-y, 'kw<
d m a<m-rS]zpfaom ed-udk tcsKd h {-y`
ed-ty aSmif:vif a|S o
h \udk 'DCy`
pdw`HW

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

76

218` tawm edpPH`

eyHv
k id t
f um\aemifrS a<m-ukd trJ ed-y`
pdwmW , pdwmW ed`
a[ pdw,W pdwmW ?
b0med pdwmW , pdwmW ed`
pdw?HW
pdawW, pdwmW ed` (wwd<mrS pI ykvid f yk\od Siwhf >l `)
"eH p ukovH ykn?H 'geH oDvH zvH okc`H
'kuHQ |lyH rlvH ygyH? EH urRyb
w
k a<m`
urR o'Ng em,o,oRd H 0dbwf wkYhd xl:>`
urRKem, urRem, uarRe?
urR, urRKaem?
urRed` (uif: pdwWSifhwl)
125` tH eykHoau`
od-ajumihf eyHv
k id Yf ]zpfaom K-ukd 0dbwfiS w
hf uG tH-y`
* }kE0g'd? eykH od-rSm? K-yg tH? wpfzef qk:H O? t-vnf:y? rSw|f a<m-udk `

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

eykvid f }kE0g'd}E
kd :f Y od-0dbwfiS w
hf uG K-udk tH-y` a<m-aSmif:\mY K> tqk:H O-udk t-yI a<m-udk -y`
}kE0H, }kE0H` }kE0m, }kE0med, }kE0d? (tuif: odkdifavmufyD)
}p,H ?(odrdS*pEmk'DeH? Eoa'g tH-jzihf E-udk tH-y) }p?H }pm,}pmed,}p`d (EK-iJh? a<m-udk
-y) (tuif: odkdifavmufyD)
eykvid f tum\ yD:>`
eykvid f tmum\
eykvdif tmum\o'Ngum: t'g-o'Ngwnf:`

t'g-[k ormofpyfyD:aomtcg oa\m \am eyko

H au ]zifh ormof>
tqk:H tm-ukd \y? emrfi?hJ od-ouf? tH-y? uif: pdwW Siw
hf `l
t'H ukv?H t'g, t'ged ukvmed-ponf`rkcemodum-ponf enf:wl?
<if:rkcemodum-onf orm[m\'Ge]f zpfaomajumifh 0dbwf tm:vk:H {u0kpo
f m]zpfonf`
rkcemodu?H a[ rkcemodu? rkcemodu?H rkcemodaue? rkcemodu- ponf`
eykvid f tmum\ yD:>`

|kyw
f u
G -f
pdw-HW udk pdw-W wnf? od-ouf? od -H ]zifh od-udk tH-y? cGi:f , acs, uyf`
pdwmW -udk pdw-W wnf? a<m-ouf? tawm edp-HP ]zifh a<m-udk ed-y? oAa<meDerm{-]zifh
yxrm a<m-> ed-udk tm-y? cGi:f , acs, uyf`
pd w W m ed - ud k pd w W - wnf ? a<m-ouf ? tawm ed p P H - ]zif h a<m-ud k ed - y? a<mok
uwedum\avmayok 'DC-H ]zifh a|S o
h \udk 'DCy`
urRKem-udk urR-wnf? em-ouf? turR p-]zifh urR-tqk:H t-udk O-y`
urRem-Y turR p-]zifh urR-tqk:H t-udk t-xyfy`
urRKaem-udk urR-wnf? o-ouf? [d0b
d wWrd dS p-Y p-]zifh urR-> tqk:H t-udk O-y?
v-aemifo-udk aem-y`
urRe-d Y ]A[Rawm wk oRd H ed-Y wk-]zifh oRd -H udk ed-y`

77

eykv
H id f um\
eykHvdif um\ o'Ngum: td-o'Ngwnf:`

td`
|kyw
f u
G -f
}kE0H-udk }kE0K-wnf? od-ouf? tH eyko
H au-]zifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG K-udt
k -H y? 0cGif:, acs, uyf`
}kE0H-Y odrSd 0g-]zifh K-> tqkH: O-udk t-y? od H-]zifh od-udk tH-y? acs, uyf`
}kE0m-Y Kam a<mokp]zifh O-udk t-y? a<m-udk ed-y? ed-udk tm-y`
}kE0d -Y Kam a<mokp-Y t-o'Ng]zifh O-udk t-yI a<m-udv
k nf: -y`

78

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

217` a<meH ed eykHoau[d`

tum\r[kwaf om eyHv
k id af emif a<m-udk tcsKd h ed-y`
* t-juOf eyHk:? aemuf a<m oHk:? rSwftHk: tcsdK ed`
tD? (a<m-udak cs? 'DCy) tDe?d (a<m-udk ed-y? 'DCy)
a[ td?
abmmed tD, tDe`d
td ?H
tD, tDe`d
tdem?
tD[,d tDb,d td[,d tdb`d
( tuif: td Sifhwl)
Ttwl-owM,d '"d, 0g\d, tuQ,d tp,d tpP-d ponfwkd uv
kd nf: odav`
eykv
H id f um\ yD:>`
eykv
H id f Tum\
eykHvdif Tum\o'Ngum: okcum\D o'Ngwnf:`

eykv
H id ]f zpfaomajumifh od0b
d wfajumifv
h nf: taCm\ tp\Sad om okwf
]zifh \- y`
okcum\d ('geH?)
okcum\D, okcum\De`d
a[ okcum\d?
abmmed okcum\D, okcum\De`d
okcum\d ,H okcum\de?H
okcum\D, okcum\De`d
( uif: 'Do'NgiS hf wl)
Ttwl -- oDC<m<d (pdw)HW ponfuv
kd nf:odav`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

79

tm<k?
tm<l,(a<m-acs? 'DCy) tm<le`d (a<m-udk ed-y? 'DCy)
a[ tm<k?
a[ tm<l, tm<le`d
tm<k?H
tm<l, tm<le`d
tm<kem, tm<kom? (raem*Pm'd*kdPf;) tm<l[,d tm<lbd -ponf? (tuif: ykvid Of um\ bduKQ o'NgiS whf >l )
puQK 0ok "k 'g|k wdyk r"k [d}kF odK 0wMK rwMK Zwk trK tk
ponfwkd vnf: enf:wl`
eykvid f Oum\yD:>`
eykv
H id f ODum\
eykvid f ODum\ o'Ngum: a}gjwbl-o'Ngwnf:`
a}gjwbk (pdw?HW )
a}gjwbl, a}gjwble`d
a[ a}gjwbk?
a[ a}gjwbl, a}gjwble`d
(tuif: odidk af vmufy`D )
tbdb,l o<L, "rRnL-ponfwkd vnf:enf:wl`
eykvid f ODum\yD:>`
eykvid f jo-um\o'Ngum: pdwaW }g-o'Ngwnf:? ykvid f iS w
hf >
l `
y'rmvmxl;aom eykvid f o'grsm; pdwH urH p *kP0H? *p
EH rkcemodum/
t'|d okcum&D? tm,k a*gMwbk
pdwa *g/

eykvid f Tum\ yD:yD`

eykvid f yD:yD`
eykvid f Oum\
eykHvdif Oum\o'Ngum: tm<k-o'Ngwnf:`

|kyw
f u
G -f
tm<kom-Y raem}Em'd}E
dk :f ]zpfI raem}Em'dawm oRd eH merdtm-]zifh em-udk tm-y?
o oa\ 0g }arm-]zifh o-vm`

80

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

wdv
M id f

114` Caw p`

wMdvdif tmum\o'Ngum: unm-o'Ngwnf:`

un-o'NgwnfyD:aomf 237` wd<

M rawm tmypPa<m`
wMv
d id u
f kd xGe:f ]y]cif:iSm tum\}kEaf [mo'Ngaemif tmypPn:f ouf`
* wMv
d id u
f ?kd xGe:f zdk vv
kd ?S }kEaf [m]y? t-aemif tm-ypPn:f `
601` w'w
d ormo udwum emrH0g wa0wkem'Dok p`
wa0wke ponfr[kw\f mY w'w
d f ormof udwyf 'k w
f u
dhk dk emrfudk uJo
h hdk iJ`h
p-o'Ng]zifh udpyP pPn:f wMyd pPn:f tqk:H |Sad omyk'w
f kd uv
dk nf: emrfi`hJ
* ormof, w'w
d ?f udp,P udwf iS ?hf wMyd pP<ef? yk'w
f efwef? trSef emrf iJ\h `
od-ouf? od-acs` unm`
60` tm aCm`
wMv
d id f tm-udk C-trnfrn
S `hf
* wMv
d id f tm? C onmwnf:? aemufrmS }od? { ybd? em'd tm<-y`
unm?(Cyawmp a<meHavmayg)
unma<m`
|kyw
f u
G -f
unm-ukd un-wnf? wM<
d rawm tmypPa<m- ]zifh tmypPn:f ouf?(un+ tm)
nf-cGi:f ? acs? uyf? w'w
d -paomokwYf p-]zifh emrfukd uJo
h ihdk ?hJ od-0dbwfouf? aoo awm avmyH
}ody-d ]zifh od-udak cs? unm-yD:>`
rSwcf suf`
` aemufaemuf|yk rf sm:Y tmypPn:f oufyD:, emrfihJ yD:om:tae]zifh unm-wnfI
|kyfwGuf]yrnf`
unm-udk unm-wnf? a<m-ouf? tmaCm-okw]f zifh tm-udk C-trnfrn
S ?hf Cyawm p a<meH avmayg-]zifh a<mukad cs? nf-tmodu
hk yf? unm-yD:>`

81

C aemifrS }od-ukd {-y`

abmwd uan? abmwda<m unm, unma<m`
unH?
unm, unma<m`
111` Cawm em'DeH`
em-tp|Sad om {u0kp-f 0dbwf 5-vH:k ukd tm<-y`
unm<?
unm[d, unmbd`
unm<?
unmeH`
unm<?
unm[d, unmbd`
unm<?
unmeH`
216` Cyawm oRd H <H 0g`
C, y-wkahd emifrS oRd -H ukd tcsKd <H-y`
* C, y-aemufrSm? oRd Hvm? \Hcg <H-ty`
unm<? unm<H? unmok`
|kyw
f u
G -f
uan-udk unm-wnf? tmvkyf od-ouf? tmvyae od }oanm-]zifh }-trnfrn
S ?hf
tm aCm-]zifh tm-udk C- trnfrn
S ?hf Caw p-]zifh C-aemifrS }-od-udk {-y? acs, uyf? uanyD:>`
unm<-udk unm-wnf? em-ouf? tm-udk C-trnfrn
S ?fh Cawm em'De-H ]zifh emudk tm<-y? acs, uyf? unm<-yD:>`
unm<H-udk unm-wnf? oRd -H ouf? tm-ukd C-trnfrn
S ?hf Cyawm oRd H <H 0g-]zifh
oRd -H udk <H-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

Ttwl o'g ynm 0dZm wESm? arwWm odumQ }D0g 0gpm`

}}Fg em0g }gxm omvm? pm rmvm a0vm onm`
ponfwu
hdk v
dk nf: odav`
obm y\dom o'Ngaemif awok0'k -d paomokw]f zifh odR -H ukd wd-y? uGpm'dpaomokw]f zifh \-y` obwd? y\dowd` (uif: unm Sifhwl)

wMv
d id f um\

82

* y\domSi?hf obmaemufrmS ? oRd v

H m? \Hcg wd-y, \|`
trRm-ponfwYhkd }od> { ty |kyrf \So
d nfom xl:>`
trRm?
trRm, trRma<m`
115` e trRm'dawm`
trRm, tm-paom o'Ngaemif }od-udk {-ry\`
* trRm, tm? ponfrmS ? rvm { y }od|`
abmwd trR, trRm?
trR?H
trRm<?

abmwda<m trRm, trRma<m`

trRm, trRma<m`
trRm[d, trRmbd`

tuif:onf unm-Siw
hf `l
tm, trm ponfenf:wl`
wMv
d id t
f mum\yD:>`
======

83

wMdvdif um\o'Ngum:- \wWd-o'Ngwnf:`

\wW`d (od-ouf? acs)

59` aw wdMcsm ayg`
wMv
d id u
f dk a[mukeaf om (0g) wv
d id \
f trnfjzpfuek af om -0Ef, O0Ef wko
hd nf y-rnfuek >
f `
\wW,D \wWad <m,
72` yon p`
0dbwf ty jo, tH, tm-o\ajumihf yrnfaom -0Efudk <-y`
po'Ng - \awWm-ponfwYhdk < tyukd wm:]rpf\]cif:tusK:d \S>
d `
* y-rnf -0Ef? <-y\ef? aemufXmef o\ae`
\awsm`
a[ \wW?d
a[ \wW,D \wWad <m, \awsm`
\wWd ?H
\wW,D \wWad <m, \awsm`
112` yawm <m`
y-aemifrS em paom {u0kp0f b
d wfwu
dhk dk <m-y`
* 0dbwf em'd? yaemif|?dS ybd <m-trJ`
\wWd<m`
|kyw
f u
G -f
\wW-D Y? a<m-ouf? aw wMcd sm ayg-]zifh -ukd y-trnfrn
S ?hf Cyawm p a<meH
avmayg-]zifh a<m-udak cs? a<mok uwedum\avmayok 'DC-H ]zifh 'DC-y? \wW-D yD:>`
\awsm-udk \wWd-wnf? a<m-ouf? -udk y-trnfrSnfh? wawm a<mearm wk-Y
wk o'Ng]zifh a<m-ukd jo-y? y-trnfrn
S ?fh yon p-]zifh y-rnfaom -udk <-y? wWf <odu
hk yf? AsOa em p 0doanma}g-Y p-]zifh Asn:f ok:H vk:H wkw
hd iG f oabmwl tp Asn:f wpfv:Hk ukd acs?

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

68` trmyawm oRd HoRmeH 0g`

y-rnfaom -0EfaemifrS oRd ,H oRmwku
hd dk tH, tm-y`
tmyawm -[laoma<m}0dbm}]zifh em, o wku
hd v
dk nf:tcsKd tm-y`
* y-aemif oRm? em, o-tm? wpf]zm oRd H tH-ty`

wMv
d id f Tum\

84

\wsm?
\wW<
d m, \wsm?
\wW<
d m, \wsm?
\wW<
d m, \wsm?
\wW<
d m, \wsm,\wW<
d ,H
\ws,H \wWd ,H \awWm?

\wW[
D ,d \wWb
D ,d \wW[
d ,d \wWb
d `d
\wWeD ,H \wWed `H
\wW[
D ,d \wWb
D ,d \wW[
d ,d \wWb
d `d
\wWeD ,H \wWed `H
\wWo
D ,k \wWo
d `k

wMdvdif Tum\o'Ngum:- wMD-o'Ngwnf:`

wM-wnfyD:vif 238` e'g'dawm 0g T`

wMv
d id Yf ]zpfaom e'vit
f wl\adS om t-um\o'Ng, e'Sirhf wlaom O,joum\o'Ngwkhd aemif T-ypPn:f ouf`
* wMv
d id f oH:k ? t-tqk:H \S?d e'g'diS ?hf qk:H \Sd O,jo? rSwaf vm te'g? aemufYom?
oufyg T- ypPn:f `
wM?D (emrfiJh? od ouf acs)
abmwdwM?d (vyg \H-]zifh \y)

wM,D wMad <m`

abmwda<m wM,D wMad <m`

ywW,d <kw,dW blr,d Zmwd ponfwu

hdk v
dk nf: odav`
wMv
d id f um\yD:>`
======
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em-udk tm-y? yon p-]zifh <f-y? <f, tm-odkhuyf? wWf, <m-okdhuyf? AsOaem p 0doanma}gY p-]zifh Asnf: 3-vkH:wdkhwGif oabmwl tp Asnf: 1-vkH:udk acs? \wsm-yD:>`
\wsH-Y oRd H-ouf? y-rSnhf? trmyawm paomokwf]zifh oRd H-udk tH-y? yon p-]zifh
-ukd <f-y? AsOaem p 0doanma}g-Y p-]zihf oabmwltpAsnf:wpfvHk:ukdacs`
(o-0dbwf]zifh \wsm-enf:wl? oRm, oRd H-wdkhudk trm yawm oRd H oRmeH 0g-]zifh tm, tH-y)
oRd H-]zifh \wWd H-udk \wWd-wnf? oRd H-ouf? y-trnfrSnfh? trm yawm oRd H oRmeH 0g-]zifh tHy? tHarm ed[DwH vay[d-]zifh tH-udk ed[dwf y? \wWd -H yD:>`
\awWm-Y oRd H-ouf? tm'dawm jop-Y p-]zihf oRd H-udk jo-y? cGif:, acs, uyf`

85

223` tH <rDawm yonawm`

yrnfaom T aemifrS tH-udk tcsK.d <H-y`
* y Tum\ef? aemufY tH? <H y tcsKd rmS `
wM<
d ,H wMd ?H
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r[D, em\D, ukrm\D, w|kED paomo'Ngwkv

hd nf: enf:wl`
e'Do'g a,m em o om o- wkYd kyx
f ;l \/

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

86

e'D?
e'D, e'da<m, eaZm`
a[ e'd?
a[ e'D, e'da<m, eaZm`
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e'D, e'da<m, eaZm`
e'd<m, eZm?
e'D[d, e'Dbd`
e'd<m, eZm?
e'De`H
e'd<m, eZm?
e'D[,d e'Db`d
e'd<m, eZm?
e'De`H
e'd<m, eZm,(tm'dawm jo p-Y p]zifh oRd H-udk tm-y? ponf) e'd<,H eZ?H

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

87

te'g'do'NgwkdhwGif-

ykxo
k 'Ngaemif T ypPn:f ouf? jooa\ p-okwYf po'Ng ]zifh O-ukd t0yvi-f
ykx0D?

e'Do`k

|kyw
f u
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eaZm-udk e'D-wnf? a<m-ouf? rmwkvm'De-paomokwfY tmewW-o'Ng]zifh a<m
0dbwfiS hf wuG e'D-> 'D-udk aZm-y? eaZm-yD:>`
wpfenf:-eaZm-udk e'D-wnf? a<m-ouf? wawm a<mearm wk-Y wk-]zifh a<mudk jo- y? y-trnfrn
S ?hf yon p-]zifh <-y? 'f-<-odu
hk yf? <0wH-paomokw]f zifh 's-udk
Z-y? Z-> o'doa'Gabmf Z-vm? eaZm-yD:>`
eZm-udk e'D-wnf? em-ouf? rmwkvm'De-paomokwfY tmewW-o'Ng]zifh em0dbwf
Siw
hf uG e'D-> 'D-udk Zm-y? eZm-yD:>`
wpfenf:- eZm-udk e'D-wnf? em-ouf? tm yawm-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh em-udk
tm-y? y-trnfrn
S ?hf yon p-]zifh <-y? 'f-<-odu
hk yf? <0wH-paomokw]f zifh 's-udk Z-y?
a'Gabmfaqmif? uyf? eZm-yD:>` (o-0dbwf]zifh eZm-wl)
oRm, oRd H-wkdhY trmyawm oRd o
H mR eH 0g-]zifh tm, tH-y? yon p-]zifh <-y? 'f- <odu
hk yf? <0wH- ponf]zifh 's-udk Z-y? a'Gabmfaqmif? eZm, eZ-H yD:>`
eaZmponfY a<m, em, o, oRm, oRd w
H u
hdk dk jo,tm,tH-y? yon p-]zifh T ukd <y? <0wHpaomokw]f zifh 's-ukd Z y? a'GabmfaqmifI yD:aomfvnf: vG<u
f al om|kyf yD:ykH wpfrsK:d udk
]y]cif:iSg tmewWo'Ng]zifh pD\ifonf`

ykx0D, ykx0da<m, ykxaAsm`(a<m-udk jo-y? y-rnfaom T-udk <-y? 0-udk A-y)

awok0'k d paomokw]f zifh yk> O-ukd t-yvi-f

yx0D?
yx0D, yx0da<m, yxaAsm` (uif: e'D ifh wl`)
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a}g o'Ngaemif T ypPnf:oufI awok0k'dokwfuD:]zifhaomfvnf:aumif:,
}g0aoY }g0[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifah omfvnf:aumif: tm0-yvi-f
}g0D?
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a[ }g0D, }g0da<m`
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}g0D, }g0da<m`
}g0d<m?
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(uif: wMD Sifh wl`)
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rmwkvaemif T-ypPn:f oufI98` rmwkvm'DermewWru
D ma\`
T tuQ\majumihf rmwkv-ponfw>
hdk tqH:k t-udk tme-y`
* rmwkv-p? tqk:H t? tme TaSmif:\m`
rmwkvmeD?

|kyw
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rmwkvmeD-Y? rmwkv-wnf? e'g'dawm 0g T-]zifh T-ouf?(rmwkv+T) rmwkvm
'DermewWru
D ma\- ]zifh rmwkv-> tqk:H t-udk tme-y? emrfi?hJ od-ouf? acs`

88

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
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240` ywdbu
d KQ \mZDum\a[d eD`
ywd, bduKQ , \mZ, T-um\ o'Ngwdahk emif eD ypPn:f ouf`
vku
d v
f maom 0go'Ng]zifh ayguQ\ ponfaemifvnf: eD-ypPn:f ouf`
* Tum\? ayguQ\i?hf \mZ,ywd? bduKQ >aemuf? eDa\muf? xGe:f awmuf
wMdvdif`

t<sumeD, 0|kEmeD` (uif: wMD Sifh wl`)

239` E0 Edu aE<s EK[d`
E0, Edu, aE<s, E, K-tqk:H |Sad om rmE0, em0du, a0eaw<s, a}gwr,
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D u
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(K-udk wk-[kzwf)
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TypPn:f aSmif:\mY b0-ukd abmw-y? K ukd w-y`
}kE0wD, }kE0D 0g`
ukv0wD, oDv0wD, owdrwD-ponfenf:wl`

89

91` ywddedrSd`
eD ypPn:f ajumihf ywdo'Ng> tqH:k -ukd t-y`
* eDaSmif:bd? yk'f ywd? qkH: t-ty`
}[ywmeD` bduKQ eD(o&avmayg- wk jrpf? 0gya&mtolyg-jzifh aemufo&acs) \mZde`D
-um&E o'gww
Ydk iG f 'de,D [wMed ,D ar"m0de,D wyde,D yd<bmEdeD ponf`
aygu& H t tww
D d aygu& -D [laom o'gaemif eD-oufvif (aygu& +D eD) cGi;f
acs uyf? aygu& ed -D jzpfaomtcg awok0'k -d paomokw]f zifh -ukd t-y? e-ukd E-y`
* ayguQ\-D aemuf? eDa\mufr?l razguf, t? e-ukd E? y\ awok0'k `f
ayguQ\ED?

ayguQ\ED, ayguQ\Eda<m, ayguQ\anm-ponf

]zpf>`
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b}de,D b}dead <m ponfenf:wl`

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b0-aemif T-ypPn:f oufvif242` b0awm abmawm`

T ypPn:f ajumifh b0-udk abmw-y`
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abmwD, abmwda<m`
uif: wMD Sihf wl`

|kyw
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t-yI e-udk E-y? emrfiJh? a<m-ouf? wawm a<mearmwk-Y wk-]zifh a<m-udk jo-y?
(ayguQ\ED+jo) y-trnfrSnhf? yon p-]zifh <-y? (ayguQ\Ef+<+jo) E, <-odkhuyf? (ayguQ\+Esf+jo)
<0wH-paomokwYf um\-yd]k zifh Es-udk -y? (ayguQ\++jo) , jo-odu
hk yf? (ayguQ\a) a'Gabmfy?
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90

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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wMv
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wMv
d id f ODum\

wMdvdif Oum\o'Ngum: <m}k-o'Ngwnf:`

<m}k?
a[ <m}k?
<m}k?H
<m}k<m?
<m}k<m?
<m}k<m?
<m}k<m?
<m}k<m, <m}k<?H
"mwk, a"k, umok, ''NL, upK,

<m}l, <m}ka<m`
a[ <m}l, <m}ka<m`
<m}l, <m}ka<m`
<m}l[,d <m}lb,d <m}k[,d <m}kb`d
<m}le,H <m}ke`H
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<m}le,H <m}ke`H
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rmwk-o'NgY-rmwm?
rmwa\m`
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rmwa\, rmwa\m`
rmw\m, rmwk<m, rwsm? (rmwk<m-[kyD:aomtcg awok0'k d paomokw]f zifh O-acs? \y)
* <m-aSmif: rmwk? tqk:H O-rSm? aus aysmuf\m? a\Stm \y`
rmwa\[d, bd? rmwl[,d bd?
rmwk[,d bd`
rmwk, rmwk, rmwk<m, rwsm?
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"Dwm, 'k[w
d m-ponfenf:wl`
wMv
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91

wMdvdif ODum\o'Ngum: ZrL-o'Ngwnf:`

ZrL?
ZrL, ZrKa<m`
a[ ZrK?
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ZrK<m
ZrL[d, ZrLbd`
ZrK<m
ZrLeH`
ZrK<m, ZrK<H? ZrLok` (wMDo'NgSifh wl)
{0H 0"l p o\bl? o\Al okwl prl`
0grl|l em}emol|?l ormed cvk ZrK<m`
wMv
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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h m-y`
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94

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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uw\mo,H uw\momeH`
uw\m<H, uw\d?H
uw\mok`
ykA- paom 6-yk'w
f Yhkd wa<m ae0 p oAemar[d-okw>
f tm, {-ty wm:]rpf
csuu
f kd <if:okwf p-o'Ngu ]yefEw
I af omajumifh ykvid f yxrma<m-Sihf oRm-wdYhk ykAm ?
oRd -H YykaA-[k 3-|kypf D ydv
k eG >
f `
wMv
d id f 'uQE
d , OwW\-o'NgwdYhk vnf: aewm[d oRrd m<<m-okw>
f wm:]rpf
csuu
f kd <if:okwf vdu
k v
f maom 0g-o'Ngu ]yefw
af om ajumifh oRd -H ]zifh 'uQE
d m<,
OwW\m<-ydv
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167` A[kAD[drSd p`
A[kA[
D o
d rmofYvnf: oAemrfY]zpfaom tpDt\if[o
l r r]zpf`
yd<ykAm <, yd<ykAm eH, yd<ykaA`
po'Ng]ziffh t]cm: 'dowMoAemrfw>
hdk A[kA[
D Yd oAemrftpDt\if ]zpfao:>`
'uQE
d ykA
,H 'uQE
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m-ponf`
< w {wo'Ngwkhd tmvky|f yk f r\S`d oRm,oRd w
H >
hdk tm,{ tyr]zpf`
ykvid -f a<m
a<`
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a<-ponf`
eykv
H id -f
<H
<med`
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<med-ponf`
wMv
d id -f
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<m, <ma<m`
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<m, <ma<m`
uif: oAo'NgSiw
hf >
l `
wo'Ng rsuu
f <
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f euf, {wo'Ng teD:teuf, ro'Ng tvGeef :D aomteuf,
trko'Ng ta0:teuf, ud o
H 'Ng ar:]cif:teuf a[m>`
* rsuu
f <
G rf mS w? {w teD:? vGeef :D r? 'l\ trk? tar:|? a[mr ud o
H 'Ng`

96

Ob<o'Ngw\o'Ngtno'NgN -

Spcf ak omtpdww
f >
hdk taygif:ukad [m>`
qkt
d yfyD:aomteuf> wGb
J ufteufuadk [m>`
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tnw\, tnwro'Ngwkhd rrSwo

f m:tyfaom teuf|u
dS ek >
f `
ykAp aom 6-yk'w
f Yhdk yxrma<mukd tm-y, {-y? uif: oAo'NgSiw
hf >
l `
165` 'GNm 0g`
'GeG o
f rmofYwnfaom oAemrf tum\aemif rS yxra<mukd tcsKd {-y`
uw\ uwar? uw\ uwrm 0g ponf`
166` emnH oAemrduH`
'Geo
f rmofY wnfaom oAemrfY yxra<m> {-tyrSwpfyg:aom oH, omeHpaom tpDt\if r]zpf`
0dem"dum\a<m}0dbm}]zifh wwd<mormofYvnf: wm:]rpf>`
ykAm y\meH? ykAK wW\meH? rmoykAm <, rmoykAm eH`

97

w-o'Ng |kypf Of

174` {wawoH awm`

od-0dbwfajumifh wMv
d id f ykvid f {w-o'Ng w-o'Ngwk>
hd w-ukd o-y`
* trk, {w? w-o'Nyg? r, w-rSm o? odaSmif:u? Sp0f xD, ykw
H iG `f
aom yk\ad om?
175` w 0g ewWH oAwM`
wMv
d id ,f ykvid f od-rSuif:aom 0dbwfwahkd jumifh w-udk tcsKd h e-y`
* xD, ykH odrSwf? uif: 0dbwf? amif:vwf w-ukd e-csKdy`
ae, aw`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

98
eH,wH?
aee, awe?

100` e wdar[d uwmuma\[d`

w, r-wku
hd dk t-yxm:vif oRm, oRd -H ukd rSm, rS-d ry\`
toRm, eoRm, erSm? woRm,wrSm?
ae[d,aebd,aw[d,awbd`
t,e,w?
aeoH,aeomeH,awoH,awomeH`
toRd ,H eoRd ,H erS,d woRd ,H wrS?d
aeok, awok`
eykHvdifY--

emed, wmed`
emed, wmed`

99

64` wm 0g`
{u0kpf 0dbwf oH, om-tyajumifh wm-o'Ng> tqk:H tm-ukd -y`

ae, aw`
ae[d, aebd, aw[d, awbd`

176` ooRmoRd H oHomoGw`HW

o, oRm, oRd -H 0dbwf, oH om-tywkahd jumifh w-ukd tcsKd t-y`
* oRd H, oRm? o, oH,om? aSmif:\m r, w ukd t`
t,e,w?
aeoH, aeomeH, awoH, awomeH`

eH,wH?
eH,wH?

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

* {u0kppf ?k oH, om-yajumif?h rSw|f {wm? rm, wm-p? qk:H o\? csKd rh y\m`
wdm, wm, em, tm,
65` wawm o m<`
wm, {wm, rm-wkahd emifrS o-0dbwfudk m<-y`
* {wm, rm? wm-o'Ng? aemufrmS o-udk m<-y`
wdm<, wm<, em<,
tm<, em<, wm<?
emoH, emomeH, wmoH, wmomeH`
em<, wm<?
em[d, embd, wm[d, wmbd`
wdm, wm, em, tm,
wdm<, wm<, em<,
tm<, em<, wm<?
emoH, emomeH, wmoH, wmomeH`
wd,H wH, eH, tH, em<H, wm<H? emok, wmok`

( uif: ykvdifSifhwl>)
|kyw
f u
G -f
wMv
d id Yf -tm-ypPn:f ouf? emrfi?hJ od-ouf? o-y? od-acs`
om?
em, ema<m, wm, wma<m`
eH, wH?
em, ema<m, wm, wma<m`
em<, wm<?
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wdm, wd-H udk wm-wnf? o, oRd -H ouf? tm-udk C-trnfrn

S ?hf Cyawm oRd o
H meH
oHom- ]zifh om, oH-y? wm 0g-]zifh tm-udk -y? oHomaoGu0paeok p-]zifh o-vm`
aCm \H-]zifh tm-udk \-yvif wm, wH-yD:>`
tm, tH-udk wm-wnf? o, oRd -H ouf? tm-udk C-rSn?hf o, oRd -H udk om, oH- y?
aCm \H-]zifh \y? ooRmoRd o
H o
H moGw-HW ]zifh w-udk t-y? oHomaoGu0paeok p-]zifh ovm`
wawm o m<-]zifh m<-yvif wdm<-ponf]zpf>`

100

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

{w-o'Ng{aom? ({wawoH awm-]zifh o-y)

{wH?
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(uif:oAo'NgSifhwl)

{aw`
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{wmed`
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o-0dbwf
tndm, tnm<?
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(tuif: odomyD)

oRd H-0dbwf
tnd,H tnm<H?
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w\d,H w\m<H?
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r o'Ng

(tuif: odidk af vmufy)D

wMv
d id Yf -

{om?
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101

p o'Ng ]y<k}fwdkwGif-

eykHvdifY-

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t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
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{wm,{wma<m`
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63` {wdrmord`
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d wf oH om-tywkahd jumifh {wm, rm-o'Ngwk>
hd tqk:H o\ukd y`
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k v
f maom po'Ngajumifh tnm, {um, w\m, tnw\mponfwkd > tqk:H o\udk -y`
{wdm, {wdm<, {wm<?
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(yOPr,D qDwkdY wwd<m, pwkwwDM kdiS whf >l )
{wd,H {wm<H?
{wmok`
|kyw
f u
G -f
{wdm, {wd-H udk {wm-wnf? o, oRd -H ouf? tm-udk C-trnfrn
S ?hf Cyawm oRd H
omeH oHom-]zifh? o-udk om, oRd H-udk oH-y? {wdrmord-]zifh -y? oHomaoGu0paeok p-]zifh
o-vm`
{wdm<-Y o-udk wawm o om<-]zifh om<-y`

172` teyko
H um<H odr`dS
od-0dbwfajumifh wMv
d id yf v
k id f r-udk t<H-y`
* od-aSmif: r? t<H-]yI? te, rd? em-aSmif:bdiS ?hf ok, [d, eH-ae?
tcsKd h {? Spaf xG xD, ykw
H iG `f
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d id ,f ykvid f r-o'Ngudk od-aSmif:vif t<H-y? em-aSmif:vif te, rdy? ok, [d, eH-aSmif:vif tcsKd h {-y`
t<H?
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171` tedrd emrdS p`
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taee, rdem?
|kyw
f u
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t<H-ukd r-wnf? od-ouf? teyko
H um<H odr-dS ]zifh r-ukd t<H-y? od-acs`
taee, rdem-ukd r-wnf? em-ouf? tedrd emrSd p-]zifh r-ukd te-y, rd-y?
em-ukd {e-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

102

170` oAdra 0g`

ok eH [d-0dbwfwahdk jumifh tvk:H pkaH om r-ukd tcsKd {-y`
{[d, {bd, ar[d, arbd`
177` ro'N p`
o oRm oRd -H 0dbwf, oH om-tywkahd jumifh tvk:H pkaH om r-ukd tcsKd t-y`
t, r?
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toRm,roRm,rrSm?
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(qDonf pwkwMDSifhwl>)
toRd ,H roRd ,H rrS?d
{ok, arok`
129` rd'rHoo
d k eyko
H au`
eykvid f tH od-0dbwfwahdk jumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG tvk:H pkaH om r-ukd tcsKd 'H-y`
* eykH tH, od? a|S |h dS r? 'H-]yI? w0 trk? t'k-H y? t'k, o-aSmif:\m`
eykvid f tH, od-aSmif:\mY r-udk 'H-y? trk-udk t'k-H y? ykvid ,f eykvid f oaSmif:\mY trk-udk t'k-y? wpfenf:- t'k-H yI AsOa e p-]zifh t'k-H Y ed[dwu
f akd cs`
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rmed`
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rmed`
(uif: ykvdifSifhwl)
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t-ukd r-wnf? o-ouf? ro'N p-]zifh r-ukd t-y? o-vm`
'H-ukd r-wnf? od, tH-ouf? rd'rHoo
d k eyko
H au-]zifh od, tH-0dbwfiS w
hf uG
r-ukd 'H-y`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
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103

wMdvdifY-

t<H?
rm,rma<m`
rH?
rm, rma<m`
rm<?
rm[d, rmbd`
tm,tm<,rdm?
rdm<,rm<?
rmoH,rmomeH`
(yOPrD, qDwdkY wwd<m, pwkwMDSifhwl>)
tH, rd,H tm, rdm, rm<H? rmok`
awok 0k'-d paom okw]f zifh oRd -H 0dbwfudk tcsK.d om-y`
* C, y-aemif|?dS oRd 0H ?d ybd tcsKd o
h m`
aemufxyfq\kd m 'kw<
d m {u0kp,f A[k0pk f 2-rsK:d vk:H 0dbwfiS w
hf uG r, {wwdk ukd {eH-y`
* xyfIqd\k m? 'kw<
d m? 0d-yg {eH {wdr `
rH={eH bduKQ ?H ar={eH bduLQ ywd?
{wH= {eH bduKQ ?H {aw= {eH bduLQ ywd`
|kyw
f u
G -f
tm, tH-udk rm-wnf? o, oRd -H ouf? tm-udk C-trnfrn
S ?hf CyawmoRd o
H m
eH oHom-]zifh o-udk om-y? oRd H-udk oH-y? aCm \H-]zifh \y? ro'N p -]zifh r-udk
t-y? oHomaoGu0paeok p-]zifh o-vm`
rdm, rdm<, rd-H wdYhk {wdrmord-]zifh rm-> tqk:H tm-udk -y`
oRd -H 0dbwf]zifh tm, rdm-wdYhk awok 0k'-d paomokw]f zifh oRd -H udk om-y`
{eH-ukd r-wnf? 'kwd<m tH, a<m-ouf? awok 0k'd-paom okwf]zifh tH, a<m0dbwfiS w
hf uG r-ukd {eH-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

104

trk o'Ngy'rmvm
173` trk arm oH`
od-0dbwfajumifh eykvid rf [kwaf om trk-o'Ng> r-ukd o-y`
0dem"dum\a<m}0dbm}]zifh u-aSmif:\mYvnf: o-y``
tok?
trl`
trk?H
trl`
trkem?
trl[,d trlb,d trk[,d trkb`d
130` trkm'kH`
tH, od-0dbwfwahdk jumifh eykvid f trk-o'Ngudk t'k-H y`
0dem"dum\a<m}0dbm}]zifh o-ajumifh ykvid ,f eykvid w
f Yhkd vnf: t'k-H y`
trk, t'k?
trlo,H trlomeH?
trkomR , trkrmS ?
trl[,d trlb?d
trk, t'k?
trlo,H trlomeH?
trkodR ,H trkr?dS
trlo`k
eykv
H id Yf -

t'k?H
t'k?H

trl, trle?d
trl, trle?d

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

105

wMv
d id Yf -

tok?
trk?H
trk<m?
trk<m, trkm?
trk<m?
trk<m, trkm?
trk<m, trk<,H trk?H

trl, trka<m`
trl, trka<m`
trl[,d trlb`d
trlo,H trlomeH`
trl[,d trlb`d
trlo,H trlomeH`
trlo`k

178` oAawm aum

tvk:H pkaH om oAemrfy'k af emif u-vm`
oAawm-o'Ngyk]d zifh ok'e mrfaemufYvnf: u-vm`
* ok', oA? emraemufwiG ?f u-vmvi?f wlyif yk, pdw,f unm'd`
ok'e mrf, oAemrftmvk:H aemuf u-vmvif ykvid Yf yk\o
d -Siw
hf ?l wMv
d id Yf
unm-Siw
hf ?l eykvid Yf pdw-W Siw
hf `l
tokaum, trkaum-ponf yk\o
d -Siw
hf ?l trku-H ponf pdw-W Siw
hf ?l tokum,
trkum-ponf unm-Siw
hf `l

(uif:yvk id f iS whf )l
|kyw
f u
G -f
|kyw
f u
G -f
tok-udk trk-wnf? od-ouf? trk arm oH-]zifh o-y? od-acs`
trl-Y v-aemif a<m-acs? 'DC-y`
t'k-H Y v-aemifrS tH-0dbwfudk ed[dwf y`
t'k-udk trk-wnf? o-ouf? trkm'k-H [laom 0dem"dum\a<m}0dbm}]zifh t'k-H
y? AsOa e p-]zifh ed[dwu
f akd cs? o-vm`

trk<m-Y yawm <m-]zifh <m-y`

trkm, trk-H ukd trk-wnf? o-oRd -H ouf? y-rSn?hf Cyawm-paomokw]f zifh oukd om, oRd H-ukd oH-y? oHomaoGu0paeok p-okwf]zifh o-vm`
tokaum-ukd trk-wnf? od-ouf? trk arm oH-]zifh r-ukd o-y? oAawm aum]zifh u-vm? aom-]zifh od-ukd jo-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

106

ud o
H 'Ng y'rmvm
229` aoaook p`
0-ypPn:f rS uif:aom 0dbwf ypPn:f wkahd jumifh (upPn:f tvk)d ? wpfenf: 0-ypPn:f rS
uif:aom 0dbwfwahdk jumifh (|l-tvk)d ud -H o'Ngudk u-y`
p-o'Ng]zifh tcsKd t\mY u-tyukd wm:]rpf]cif:ajumifh ud, udodR -H ponf
yD:>`
* ypPn:f , 0dbwf? aSmif:wkv
H wfr?l ok:H \yfvid rf mS ? ud -H o'Ng? u-om y|d:k xm:`
* oRd ,H oRm? o-aSmif:\m? ud -H rSm AdK aus`
ypPn:f aSmif:\m, 0dbwfaSmif:\mwdYhk vdif 3-yg:vk:H Yyif ud -H o'Ngudk u-y`
o, oRm, oRd -H aSmif:\mY AsOa e p-]zifh ed[dwaf cs`
aum?
uH?
aue?
u, ud(AsOa e p-]zifh ed[dwaf cs)
uoRm,urSm?
u, ud?
uoRd ,H urS,d udodR ,H udr?dS

au`
au`
au[d, aubd`
auoH, auomeH`
au[d, aubd`
auoH, auomeH`
auok`

|kyw
f u
G -f
aum-udk ud -H wnf? od-ouf? aoaook p-]zifh ud -H udk u-y? od-udk jo-y`
au-ponfY ud H-wnf? a<m-ponfoufI aoaook p-]zifh ud H-ukd u-y? uif:
yk\o
d -twkid :f pD\ifav`
ud, udodR -H udk ud -H wnf? o, oRd -H ouf? AsOa e p-]zifh ed[dwu
f kd acs? ud-Y o-vm`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

107

eykv
H id Yf -

ud H
ud H

umed`
umed`
(uif: wwd<mrSpI ykvid f iS whf )l

wMv
d id Yf ud -H aemif od-ouf u-y? tv<fY tmypPn:f ouf? od-acs`
um?
um,uma<m`
uH?
um,uma<m`
um<?
um[d,umbd`
um<,um,udm?
umoH,umomeH`
um<?
um[d,umbd`
um<,um,udm?
umoH,umomeH`
uH, ud,H um<H?
umok`
|kyw
f u
G -f
od-0dbwf]zifh ud -H udk ud -H wnf? od-ouf? (avmy0d"d tm:uD:]cif:ajumifh ) aooawm
avmyH }ody-d ]zifh od-acs? 0dbwf raSmif:]cif:ajumifh u-rybJ ud -H [k]zpf>`
umed-udk ud H-wnf? a<m-ouf? aoaook p-]zifh ud H-udk u-y? tawm edpPH-]zifh
a<m-udk ed-y? a<mok uw-paomokw]f zifh 'DCy`
tH-0dbwf]zifh ud -H udk ud -H wnf? tH-ouf? uGpd avmyH-]zifh ed[dwu
f kd acs? -trnf
rSn?hf tHarm ed[DwH vay[d-]zifh tH-udk ed[dwf y`
um-udk ud -H wnf? od-ouf? od-aSmif:]cif:ajumifh aoaook p-]zifh u-y? wM<
d rawm
tmypPa<m-]zifh u Sihf od-wd>
hk jum:Y tm-ypPn:f ouf? 0dbwfoufyD:]zpfI emrfriJah wmh? odacs`
rSwfcsuf`
` wMv
d id |f yk rf eS o
f r ud -H aemif 0dbwfouf, u-yyD:rS tm-ypPn:f oufI
|kyfwGufygav`
um-udk ud -H wnf? o-ouf? u-y? tm-ouf? C-rSn?hf o-udk om-y? \y? ovm` (udm-Y {wdrmord-Y t"dum\ p-o'Ng]zifh -y)

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

108

{uo'Ng-ocsmF , twkvs, to[m<, tnteufuadk [m>`

ocsmF teufudk a[maomtcg tvk:H pkaH om 0dbwfwYhkd {u0kpo
f m\S>
d ? t]cm:
teufY A[k0pk v
f nf: \Sad o:onf`
* {u-o'Ng? eufocsmF ? ok:H ]zmvdix
f w
k f {u0kp`f
ykv
H id -f {aum? {uH? {aue? {u? {uoRm, {urSm? {u? {uoRd `H
eykHvdif{uH? {uH? {aue? {u? {uoRm, {urSm? {u? {uoRd `H
xMv
d id -f
{um? {uH? {um<? {um<, {udm? {um<? {um<, {udm?
{um<H, {udH `
Obo'Ng-'do
G 'Ng>y\d<m<fwnf:? trJwrf:A[k0pk af e>` (upPnf:Y a'Gudk Ob-yI
wGuof nf? |l_Y oD:]cm: Obo'Ng[qk )kd wawm a<mearmwk-Y wk ]zifh a<m-ukd jo y? awok0'k -d ]zifh
{ ukd jo-y?
* Obaemuf a<m? {ihf jo-wnf:? yavm eH uk?d H qk?d { ukd jo-y aSmif:
[d ok`
Oabm, Oab`
Oabm, Oab`
Oab[d, Oabbd, Oabm[d, Oabmbd`(awok 0k'd-]zifh {-udk jo-y)

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

109

86` Obm'dawm erdH`

Ob-ponfaemifrS eH-ukd H-y`
Obd,H Oab[d, Oabbd, Oabm[d, Oabmbd?
Obd,H Oabok, Oabmok`
'Gpd aomo'Ng ocsmF , oacs<
F steufuadk [m>?
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132` a<mok 'GdH a'G p`
a<m-0dbwfwahdk jumifh wMv
d id f ykvid f eykvid f 'G-d ukd a'G-y`
po'Ng]zifh 'ka0, 'G<, Ob, Ob<-y? eHajumifh 'k0-d tcsKd y`
* a<mamif:av\m? 'Gdo'Ng? 0d-yg a'G, 'ka0`
a<m-aSmif:\mY 'G-d udk 0dbwfiS w
hf uG a'G, 'ka0-y`
* eH aSmif:onfh 'Gd? y 'k0d? aemuf\Sd eH-H`
eH-aSmif:\mY 'G-d udk 'k0-d y? Ob-ponfaemif eH-udk H-y`
a'G, 'ka0? a'G, 'ka0? 'GD[d, 'GDbd`

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(Oab-Y oAemrum\aw yxarm-]zifh {-y)
Oabm[d-udk Ob-wnf? [d-ouf? ok[o
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{-udk jo-y`

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a'G-ukd 'G-d wnf? a<m-ouf? a<mok 'Gd H a'G p-]zifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG 'G-d ukd a'G-y`
'ka0-ukd 'G-d wnf? a<m-ouf? a<mok 'dG H a'G p-Y p-]zifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG 'G-d ukd 'ka0-y`

110

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
67` aem p 'Gg'dawm eHrSd`
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po'Ng]zifh t]cm:o'Ngaemif e-vm? H-vnf:vm`
* 'Gpd -aemufrmS ? eH aSmif:\m? e-vm, csKd rh mS H-vnf:vm`
* xD-wd, pwk? eH aSmif:r? wk-O t-]zm H-vnf:vm`
awok 0k'-d paom okw]f zifh eH-ajumifh wMv
d id f pwk->tqk:H O-udk t-y`
'GdH, 'k0dH? 'GD[d, 'GDbd? 'GdH, 'k0dH? 'GDok`

133` wdpwkH wdam pwam wa<m pwWma\m wDEd pwWm\d`

a<m-0dbwfwahkd jumifh wd, pwk-o'Ngwdu
hk kd 0dbwfiS w
hf uG tpOftwdik :f wMv
d id f
Y wdam, pwam? ykvid Yf wa<m, pwWma\m? eykvid Yf wDE,d pwWm\d-y`
* wd,pwkrmS ? a<m aSmif:\mY? a<m yg wdam? pwami?hf wa<m,
pwWma\m? wDE,d pwWm\d? xD,yk,H eykH pOfwidk :f od`
wa<m? wa<m? wD[,d wDb,d wd[,d wdb`d
78` rdH wD[d ocsFm[d`
wd-ocsFmo'NgaemifrS eH-0dbwfudk H, H-y`
* wd aemifrS eH? H? H-SpfrsKd: y`
wd,H wdH? wD[,d wDb,d wd[,d wdb`d wd,H wdH, wDo,k wdo`k

t|Siw
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wMdvdifY- wdam? wdam? wD[,d wDb,d wd[,d wdb?d wdH, wD[,d wDb?d wd[,d
wdb?d wdH, (TwdH-Y H-]cm:ae]cif:ajumifh H-ry\) wDo,k wdo`k
pwk-o'Ng ykvid Yf -pwWma\m?
* a<mamif: pwk? tqk:H O-rSm? O\-om? a<m-rSm jo-vnf:y`
jooa\ pY p-]zifh Oukd O\-y? wawm a<mearmwkY wk]zifh a<mukd jo-y`
pwka\m? pwWma\m, pwka\m? pwl[,d pwlb,d pwk[,d pwkb,d pwk AB?d (b-> to'do
a'Gabmf Af-vm)? pwk,H pwl[,d pwlb,d pwk[,d pwkb,d pwk AB?d pwk,H pwlo,k pwko`k
eykHvdifY- pwWm\d? pwWm\d? pwl[,d pwlb,d pwk[,d pwkb,d pwk AB?d (uif: ykvdifSifhwl)
wMv
d id Yf -

pwam? pwam? pwl[,d pwlb,d pwk[,d pwkb,d pwk AB?d pwH? pwl[,d
pwlb,d pwk[,d pwkb,d pwk AB?d pwH? pwlo,k pwko`k
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f v
hkd u
kd af om yk'rf sm:
oAemrfy'k ,f eDv-paom }kEemrfy'k ,f A[kA[
D d ormofy'k ,f omrnw'w
d yf 'k ,f
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d yf 'k -f T 5-rsK:d onf 0gpPvid |f >
dS `
* eDvm'demrf? oAemrfiS ?hf omrefw'w
d ?f udw,f A[kA?D Tig:vD? vdirf DS 0gpPw`M
wdv}d F oAemrf 25-yk'f yD:>`

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'GdH-Y aem p 'Gg'dawm eHrSd-]zifh 'Gd-aemif ef-vm`
wa<m-Y wdpwk-H paom okw]f zifh a<m-0dbwfiS w
hf uG wd-udk wa<m-y`
wd,H wdH-Y rdH-paomokw]f zifh eH-udk H, H-y`

111

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pwH-Y aemp 'Gg'dawm eHrSd-Y p-]zifh H-vm? yOPm'DerwWH-Y twWH-[laom
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

112

tvd}F oAemrf
wkr+S od? trS+od140` wGr[H odrSd p`
od-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
fh uG wkr-S ukd wG-H y? trS- ukd t[H-y`
po'Ng]zifh wkr-S udk wk0-H y? trS-udk t[uH-y`
* wkr,S tr?S od-aSmif:url? wuG wk0?H wG,H t[H? t[uH-vnf:y`
wG,H wk0,H t[H, t[uH? wkarS?

t|Siw
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113

162` 0g a<myxarm`
wkr,S trS -o'NgaSmifrS 'kw<
d ma<m0dbwfudk tmuH-y`
* wkrS,trS? aemufrS oufaom? 'k-a<mSifh eH? y tmuH? o,eH tHvnf:y`
wkr,S trS-aemif 'kw<
d m a<m Sihf eH-udk tmuH-y? o, eH-wdu
hk kd tH-vnf:y`
wkrmS uH, trSmuH, wkarS, tarS? taoR`
145` emrSd w<m r<m`
em0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG wkr-S ukd w<m? trS-ukd r<m-y`
* wkr,S trS? em-aSmif:u? wuG w<m,r<m y`

121` r<H a<mrSd yxar`

yxrm a<m0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG trS- ukd r<H -y`
* trS aemifr?S y-a<mus? wuG r<H y`
r<H? tarS`
143` wH rrrSd`
tH- 0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG wkr-S ukd wH -y? trS- ukd rH-y`
* wkr,S trS? tH-aSmif:url? wuG wk0?H wG,H w0H? wH rH rrH-y`
wH, rH`
146` wkrS wk0H wGrrSd`
tH-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG wkr-S ukd wk0,H wGH -y`
wG,H wk0`H
144` w0H rrOP e0g`
tH-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG wkr-S ukd w0H -y? trS- ukd rrH-y`
w0H, rrH?
|kyw
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G -f

210` w<mw<DeH wuma\m wGwHW 0g`

w<m, w<d -ywk>
hd w-ukd tcsK.d wG-y`
* w<m,w<d? yg\Sd w-rSm? wG-y\m rSwyf g \Hwpfcg`
wG<m, w<m, r<m? wkarS[,d wkarSb,d tarS[,d bd`
163` oH`
wkr,S trS -o'NgaSmifrS o-0dbwfudk tH-y`
wkr,HS trS`H
141` w0 rr ao`
o-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG wkr-S ukd w0? trS-ukd rr-y`
* wkr,S trS? o-amif:url? wuG wk<?HS w0-zef? r<S,H rr rrH]y`
o-aSmif:\mY wkr,S trS-wdu
hk kd 0dbwfiS w
hf uG wk<,HS w0, r<S,H rr, rrH-y`
w0, rr`
|kyw
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wG,H t[H-udk wkr,S trS-wnf? od-ouf? wGr[H odrdS p-]zifh 0dbwfiS w

hf uG wkr-S udk wG-H
y? trS-udk t[H-y`
wGr[H odrdS p-Y p-]zifh 0dbwfiS hf wuG wkr-S udk wk0-H y? trS-udk t[uH-y`

taoR-Y trS-udk toR-y? 'k-a<m-udk {-y?

wG<m-udk wkr-S wnf? em-ouf? emrdS w<m r<m-]zifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG wkr-S udk w<my? w<mw<De-H paomokw]f zifh w<m-> w-udk wG-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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142` wk<SH r<SOP`

o-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG wkr-S ukd wk<?HS trS-ukd r<S-H y`
wk<,HS r<S`H

yk'af emifrS wkr,S trSw>

hdk |kyx
f :l [efum:147` y'awm 'kw<
d mpwkwq
DM Dok a0gaem`
'kw<
d m, pwkw,DM qD A[k0pk 0f b
d wfwahdk jumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG yk'af emif wkr-S ukd
a0g, trS-ukd aem-y`
* a<m eH w-[d? a|S \h dS wkr?S trS wpf]zm? yk'af emifvm? 0d-yg a0g, aem-y`
a<m, eH, wwd<m [d-aSmif:\m yk'af emifrS wkr,S trSudk 0dbwfiS w
hf uG a0g,
aem-y`
'kw<
d my[m< a0g }rdmrd? rm aem tZ 0dud o
H `k
pwkwDM "rRH a0g bduaQ 0 a'aomrd? oH0b
d aZx aem \aZe`
qD wkamoRd a0g yuwd<m? owMm aem b}0g tkya wWm`

114

120` trS rrH o0dbwWd ao`

o-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG trS-ukd rrH-y`
rrH`
161` wkrSarS[d ermuH`
wkr,S trS o'Ngwkahd emifrS eH-0dbwfudk tmuH, tH-y`
oH-okwrf S tH-vdu
k v
f m]cif:ajumifh okw\f if:]zifyh if tH-y`
wpfenf:- wkraS rS[d eH-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh eH-ukd tH y`
wkr,HS wkrmS uH, trS,H trSmuH, toRmuH`
w<m, r<m?
wkarS[,d wkarSb`d tarS[,d tarSb`d (qDonf pwkwDM iS whf )l

148` awaru0paeok p`
pwkw,DM qD {u0kp0f b
d wfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG wkr-S udk aw, trS-udk ar-y`
* wkr,S trS? yk'af emifus? wuG aw, ar em, o-aSmif:`
yk'af emif wkr,S trSwu
hdk dk em,o-0dbwfwhdk iS w
hf uG aw, ar-y`
''grd aw }gr0\med yOP? ''g[d ar }gr0\H?
'H aw \H? t<H ar ykawWm`

139` wkrrS mS uH w<dr<d`

oRd H -0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG wkr-S ukd w<d, trS-ukd r<d-y`
w<d, wG<d ? r<d?
wkarSo?k tarSo,k taoRo`k
* oRd H aSmif:u? wkrrS ?S wuG w<d, r<d y`

149` e tHrSd`
tH-0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG yk'af emifrS wkr-S ukd aw, trS-ukd ar-ry\`
ya<s wH 0owH tma\m}s?H aom rH t]A0d`

|kyw
f u
G -f
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toRmuH-Y trS+eH? awok 0k']d zifh trS-ukd toR-y? wkraS rS[d ermuH]zihf eH-ukd tmuHy? cGif:, acs, uyf`
oRm-]zifh w<m, r<m-Y oRm-ukd emukd uJo
h ihdk `hJ

115

150` 0g wwda< p`
wwd<m{u0kp0f b
d wfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG yk'af emifrS wkr-S ukd aw, trS-ukd
ar-y`
uwH aw ygyH? uwH ar ykn`H

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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151` A[k0paeok a0gaem`

wwd<m A[k0pk f 0dbwfajumifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG yk'af emifrS wkr-S udk a0g, trS-udk
aem-y`
uwH a0g urRH? uwH aem urRH`
A[k0peo'NgvGe]f zifh yxrma<m-ajumifh a0g, aem-y`
}grH a0g }ap<smx? }grH aem }ap<smr`

tvd}F ocsFmoAemrf
yOPtp,tm\otqk:H \Sad om ocsmF o'Ngwkhd i hf uwdo'Ngwko
hd nf tvdi]f zpfaom
ajumifh vdif 3-yg:Y |kyw
f >
l ? tvdi]f zpfaomajumifyh if yOPponfaemif wMyd pPn:f rouf\`
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116

y'rmvm t]ynfhtpkH
wkr-S o'Ngy
'k
w
p
rD
q
o
trSo'Ngy
'k
w
p
rD
q
o

wG,H wk0?H
wH, w0H, wk0,H wG?H
w<m, wG<m, aw?
w0, wk<,SH wkr,HS aw?
w<m, wG<m?
w0, wk<,SH wkr,HS aw?
w<d, wG<?d

t[H?
rH,rrH?
r<m,ar?
rr,r<S,H trS,H rrH,ar?
r<m?
rr,r<S,H trS,H rrH,ar?
r<d?

wkarS, a0g`
wkarS, wkrmS uH, a0g`
wkarS[,d wkarSb,d a0g`
wkrmS uH, wkr,HS a0g`
wkarS[,d wkarSb`d
wkrmS uH, wkr,HS a0g`
wkarSo`k

r<H, tarS, aem`

tarS, trSmuH, aem`
tarS[,d tarSb,d aem`
trSmuH, toRmuH, trS,H aem`
tarS[,d tarSb`d
trSmuH, toRmuH, trS,H aem`
tarSo,k taoRo`k

tvd}o
F AemrfiS hf oAemrf 27-yk'v
f :Hk yD:yD`

117

134` yOPm'Deruma\m`
a<m0dbwfajumifh yOP-paomo'Ngwk>
hd tqk:H t-ukd 0dbwfiS hf wuG t-xyfy`
* yOP, p]zm? a<m-aSmif:\mY? a<m-yg t-y? eH,[d,ok? aSmif:r t-ukd t`
yOP? yOP`
90` yOPm'DerwWH`
ok, eH, [d -wkahd jumifh yOPponfw>
hdk tqk:H t-ukd t-xyfy`
twW-H [laom bm0eda'Noajumifh pwk-> tqk:H O-udk t-y? -a'Gabmf
vnf:vm` (upPnf:)
* twW-H bm0? eda'Noajumif?h a'G -vmr? pwk-O? t-y xDrmS eH-aSmif:\m`
yOP[,d yOPb,d yOP,H yOP[,d yOPb,d yOP,H yOPo`k
(q, owW, t, e0, 'o o'Ngwdv
hk nf:enf:wl)`
|kyw
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G -f
yOP-udk yOP-wnf? a<m-ouf? yOPm'Deruma\m-]zifh 0dbwfiS w
hf uG yOP-> tqk:H tudk t-xyfy`
yOPH-udk yOP-wnf? eH-ouf? yOPm'DerwWH-]zifh yOP-> tqkH: t-udk t-xyfy? aem p
'Gg'dawm eHr-dS ]zifh ef-vm? yOP-H yD:>`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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381` {um'dawm ' \ ocsFmae`

ocFsmt\mY {u-ponfaemifrS 'o-> '-ukd \-y`
* q-udk aom, o? 'o-'? \, V-avsmpf mG y`
q-ocsmF o'Ngudk 'ao aom edpOP -P ]zifh aom-y? o q 0g-]zifh o-y?
{um'dawm-paomokw]f zifh 'o-> '-udk \-y, v '\meH-]zifh V-y`

* ocsmF 'G-d rSm? 'd, a'g, Am? wpf]zm 'k, a'G, y 'ka0`
'G-d ocsmF o'Ngudk 'd, a'g, Am, 'k, a'G-y`(a'G-ty qdkyD: aomfvnf: 'dG-um\d< pkHatmif xyfI qdkonf)
Am\o, AmwWd o
H , Amukaxa\m, Amavm`

118

383` a'Gume rmuma\m 0g`

aemufy'k af Smif:\m ocsmF t\mY 'G,d {u, t-wdk > tqk:H o\udk tcsK.d tm-y`
* 'Gd, {u, t? qkH:o\ tm? yk'faSmif:\m? ocsFm t\mwGif`
{um'o, {um\o, 'Gg'o, tm\o`
380` 0Dowd 'aook Am 'Gd wk`
0Dowd, 'o-o'Ngwkahd jumifh 'Go
d 'Ngukd Am-y`
wk-o'Ng]zifh 'd-G udk 'k-y, 'd-y, a'g-y`
|kyw
f u
G -f
{um'o-udk {u-o'Ng, 'o-o'Ngwnf? {uOP 'o p-[laom teufY 'Geformof,
wpfenf:- {aue t"dum 'o-[laom teufY wyK\doo
f rmofpyfI a'G umermuma\m 0g]zifh {u-> tqk:H t-udk tm-y? emrfi?hJ a<m-ouf? yOPm'De ruma\m-]zifh 0dbwfiS hf wuG 'o> tqk:H t-udk t-xyfy? {um'o-yD:>` (aemuf|yk rf sm:Y ormofpyfyu
kH dk r]yawmh)
{um\o-Y {um'o-[k ormofyD:aomtcg {um'dawm ' \ ocsmF ae-]zifh '-udk
\-y? 'Gg'o-udk 'G+d 'o-wnfI ormofpyfyD:aomtcg a'Gume rmuma\m 0g-]zifh 'G-d > tqk:H
-udk tm-y? emrfi?hJ a<m-ouf? yOPm'De ruma\m-]zifh 0dbwfiS hf wuG 'o-> tqk:H t-udk
t-xyfy? 'Gg'o-yD:>`
tm\o-udk t+'o-wnf? ormofpyfyD:aomtcg a'Gume rmuma\m 0g-]zifh t> tqk:H t-udk tm-y? emrfi?hJ a<m-ouf? yOPm'De ruma\m-]zifh 0dbwfiS hf wuG 'o-> tqk:H
t-udk t-xyfy? tm\o-yD:>`

119

* wd-udk aw, w? aemufyOP? y,y-y`

wd-o'Ngudk wda< 'kwmydp-]zifh w-y? awok 0k'-d ponf]zifh wd-udk aw-y?
yOP-ukd y, y -y`
aw\o`
390` pwlyy' avmayg wkwW\y'g'dp pkapmyd e0g`
pwk'o-Y 'o-> teD:]zpfaom pwk-> wk-udk acsI p-ukd pk-y? apm-y?
'o-[laom aemufy'k >
f tp, p-udv
k nf: tcsKd h pk-y? apm-y` (pwk'o-Y 'o>
a|SY|Sad om pwk-> wk-ukd acsI p-ukd pk, apm-y`)
* pwk'o? wk-acs\? p-u pk, apm-y`
tyd-o'Ng]zifh Oyy' r[kw\f mYvnf: yk't
f p p-udk acs? tcsKd h pk, apm-y`
* Oy y'? r[kwu
f vnf:? yk'pf , p-rSm? ausaysmuf\m? csKd rh mS pk, apm-y`
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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Oyom\, edygwfy'k f
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t|Siw
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134

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t|Siw
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135

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d m b0d ` wGH b0od ? wkarS b0x`

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

136

t|Siw
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bl, [l, od, Xm-paom "mwfwo
hkd nf uHr|Sad om turRu"mwfww
hkd nf:? uHr|Sad om
"mwfukd uH|"dS mwfyvkyv
f v
kd if Oyom\Sihf <SOw
f aJG y:\onf`
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dS ?dk "mwfudk O,<SOw
f `JG
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* abm, uH0b
d wf ? aSmif:wkv
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

138

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t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
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139

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k nf:]zpfaomajumifh abmteufY yxryk\o
d f
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d f {u0kp`f
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

140

b0wk, ba0? b0K? b0g[d`

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t|Siw
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141

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

142
"mwf
rlv
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143

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144

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147

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

148

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t|Siw
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149

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t, O?
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(tcsKd t
h \mY <-a'Gabmfaqmif? a'Gabmfaqmifvif rsm:aomtm:]zifh -vm)
* <->a|SrmS ? , T-vm? \Hcg <-a'Gabmf`
tkAbl0<
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tkAbl0<
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<-a'Gabmfaqmifvi-f tkAbl0<
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tkAbl0w
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tp bl-udk blb-l [ka'Gabmfaqmif? a|S b
h -l udk tABmo trnfrn
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

150

tZweD
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t|Siw
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151

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d wf
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* rmSi<
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ya\myk\o
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aomp, wGpH , }po,d }px 0g?
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152

422` ud\<
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ud<mr]zpfbJ vGeI
f oGm:aom twdwu
f mvY umvmwdywd0W b
d wfouf`
pd\H bauQm tb0dm? oap aem 0d0'grao-paom tcsKd ht\m tem}wf
umvYvnf:ouf`
uGpd "mwk-paomokw]f zifh a-> tqk:H {-udk \Hcg t-y`
* umvmwdywf? wdw,f em}wf? Sp\f yf umvrSm`
* a-> {-rSm? \Hwpfcg? rSepf mG t-vnf:y`
tb0dm, b0dm? tb0d, b0d? tb0do
H ?k b0do
H ?k tb0da,
b0da? tb0d, b0d?({-udk t-y) tb0dx, b0dx? tb0d,H b0d?H
tb0dmrSm, b0dmrSm, tb0dmrS, b0dmrS? tb0dx, b0dx? tb
0do
d ,k b0do
d ?k tb0dao, b0dao? tb0da0S, b0da0S? tb0dd H
b0dd ?H tb0dmrSao, b0dmrSao`
urR|kyfpOf[efum:-tGb<
l
d x, tkb<
l
d x? tGb<
l
d o
d ,k tkb<
l
d o
d ?k
tGb<
l
d ao, tkb<
l
d ao? tGb<
l
d a0S, tkb<
l
d a0S? tGb<
l
d d ,H
tkb<
l
d d ?H tGb<
l
d mrSao, tkb<
l
d mrSao`
y\yk'f]yefvif- tGb<
l
d m, tkb<
l
d m-ponf]zifh pOfav`

153

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

154

omrnbl0g'd"mwfrsm:
|kyx
f :l pD\ifcef:
yp-ygau (csu]f cif:, usu]f cif:Y)
ypwd? yap? ypd? ypod? ypx-ponf ---<tpDt\if
441` w p0 <um\ 0um\wWH o"mwG`
"mwGef iS w
hf uG <-ypPn:f udk p-0}f, <-tuQ\m, 0-tuQ\my`
443` ykA|lyOP`
"mwfwahkd emifrS <-ypPn:f udk ykA| yk f y`
<-ypPn:f udk pD\if\mY1` "mwGef iS w
hf uG <-ypPn:f udk p0}f, <, 0- yaom tpDt\if?
2` <-ypPn:f udk ykA| yk f yaom tpDt\if[k 2-rsK:d |So
d nf`
xdk "mwGef iS hf wuG <-ypPn:f udk y\mY(u) "mwGeo
f nf p-0}f, w-0}f]zpfvif p-0}fy?
(c) "mwGeo
f nf \-]zpfvif <-y?
(}) "mwGeo
f nf 0-]zpfvif 0-y`
* <-Sihf <SOjf u? 0}f p, w-rSm? p, 0}fomSi?hf \-rSmum: <? 0-rSm 0` y\
pOfwikd :f rSw`f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

155

"mwfaemif <-ypPn:f udk ykA| yk f y\mY_ u-0}f, -0}f, y-0}f Sihf v, o-"mwGef
"mwfaemif <-ypPn:f udo
k m ykA| yk f y\rnf`
* u- 0}f , y? 0}fo:Hk 0 Si?hf v, oaemufrmS ? < 0ifvm? yyg ykA| yk `f
uHa[m
ypD<aw? ypD<a, ypD<a\?(uGpd "mwk-paom okw]f zifh ta-udk a\-y) ypD<ao-ponf`
-vm, <-a'Gabmfaqmifvif- ypd<saw? ypd<sa`
y\yk'f ]yefvif- ypd<sw,d ypd<s,d ponf`
<-ypPn:f udk p-0}fyvif-ypPaw? ypPa, ypPa\? ypPao? ypPa0S? yapP? ypPmarS`
y\yk'f]yefvif- ypPw?d ypP,d ypPa\-ponf`
vkd&if;csKyfum;- yp-ygau? ypwd? uar- ypD,aw? ypd,saw? ypaw/

yOPr0D b
d wf- ypwk, yap? ypK? ypm[d,yp? ypx? ypmrd, yap? ypmr? ypwH? ypH? ypk?
ypa0Sg? yap? ypmrao`
urR|yk -f ypD<wH? ypD<H? ypD<k? ypD<a0Sg? ypDa<? ypD<mrao`
y\yk']f yefvif- ypD<wk, ypDa<? ypD<K? ypD<m[d, ypD<? ypD<x? ypD<mrd, ypDa<?
ypD<mr`
-vm, <-a'Gabmfaqmifvif- ypd<sw,H ypd<s-H ponf?
y\yk']f yefvif- ypd<sw,k ypd<sK-ponf`
"mwGef iS w
hf uG <-udk p-0}fy, a'Gabmfaqmifvif- ypPw,H ypP-H ponf?
y\yk']f yefvif- ypPw,k ypPK-ponf`
|kyw
f u
G -f

|kyw
f u
G -f
ypwd-udk yp-wnf? yp-ygau? "mwftrnfrn
S ?hf "mwkam-paomokwf ]zifh "mwGef
t-udk acs? 0wWrmem ypPKya-]zihf wd-ouf? (ypf+wd) bl0g'awm t-]zifh t-ouf(ypf+t+wd)
pf- t-odkh uyf? ypwd-yD:>` wd-udk {-yvif yap? td-oufvif yp+t+td- ]zpfI acs,
uyf\rnf`

ypD<aw-udk yp-wnf? yp-ygau? "mwf trnfrn

S ?hf "mwGeaf cs? aw-ouf? <-ouf?
0m}arm 0g-]zifh T-vm`
ypPaw-udk yp-wnf? yp-ygau? "mwftrnfrSnhf? "mwGef t-udk acs? aw-ouf? <ouf?(ypf+<+aw) w p0 <um\ 0um\wWH-]zifh "mwGefSifhwuG <- udk p-0}f p-y?
(yp+aw) p-> o'doa'Gabmf p-vm? ypPaw-yD:>`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

owWr0D b
d wf- yap<s, yap? yap<sK?H yap<smod, yap? yap<smx? yap<smrd,
yap? yap<smr? yapx? yap\H? yapaxm? yap<sma0Sg? yap<s,H yap? yap<smarS`
urR|kyf- ypDa<x, ypDa<\H? ypDa<axm? ypDa<<sma0Sg? ypDa<<s,H ypDa<?
ypDa<<smarS`
y\yk']f yefvif-f ypDa<<s, ypDa<? ypDa<<sK-H ponf`
-vm, <-a'Gabmfaqmifvif- ypda<sx, ypda<s\-H ponf`
y\yk']f yefvif-ypda<s<s, ypda<s<sKH ponf`
"mwGef iS w
hf uG <-udk p-0}fy, a'Gabmfaqmifvif-yapPx, yapP\-H ponf`
y\yk']f yefvif- yapP<s, yapP<sK-H ponf`
[d<swWeD0dbwf- typm, ypm, typ, yp? typl, ypl, typk, ypk? tyapm, yapm, typd,
ypd, typ, yp? typwM, ypwM, typx, ypx? typH, ypH, typ, yp? typrSm, yprSm,
typrS, yprS,typkrmS , ypkrmS , typkr,S ypkr?S typwM, ypwM, typx, ypx? typwMK,H
ypwMK?H typao, ypao? typ0S,H yp0S?H typd ,H ypd ?H typrSao, yprSao`
urR|yk -f typD<wM, ypD<wM-ponf`
y\yk']f yefvif- typD<m, ypD<m, typD<, ypD<-ponf`
-vm, <-a'Gabmfaqmifvif- typd<sw,M ypd<sw,M typd<sx, ypd<sx-ponf`
y\yk']f yefvif- typd<sm, ypd<sm, typd<s, ypd<s-ponf`
"mwGef iS w
hf uG <-udk p-0}fy, a'Gabmfaqmifvif- typPw,M ypPw,M typPx, ypPxponf`
y\yk'f]yefvif- typPm, ypPm, typP, ypP-ponf`

tZweD
0dbwf
typD, ypD, typd, ypd? typk,H ypk,H typd o
H ,k ypd o
H ,k typHo,k ypHo?k tyapm,
yapm, typd, ypd, typ, yp? typdw,M ypdw,M typkw,M ypkw?M typd ,H ypd ?H typdrmS , ypdrmS ,
typdr,S ypdr,S typkrmS , ypkrmS , typkr,S ypkr?S typm, ypm, typ, yp, typdw,M ypdw?M
typl, ypl, typk, ypk? typdao, ypdao? typd0,HS ypd0?HS typH, ypH, typ, yp? typdarS,
ypdarS`
urR|kyf- typD<m, ypD<m, typD<, ypD<, typD<w
d ,M ypD<w
d -M ponf`
y\yk']f yefvif- typD<,D ypD<,D typD<,d ypD<-d ponf`
-vm, <-a'Gabmfaqmifvif- typd<sm, ypd<sm, typd<s, ypd<s-ponf`
y\yk']f yefvif-typd<s,D ypd<s,D typd<s,d ypd<s-d ponf`
"mwGef iS w
hf uG <-udk p-0}fy, a'Gabmfaqmifvif- typPm, ypPm, typP, ypP-ponf`
y\yk'f]yefvif- typP,D ypP,D typP,d ypP-d ponf`

156

ya\muQm0dbwf
yyp? yypk? yyap? yypdw?M yypH? yypdr?S yypdw?M yypda\? yypdawMm? yypda0Sg? yypd ?H
yypd aH rS`
urR|kyf- yypD<w
d ,M yypd<sw
d ,M yypPw
d -M ponf`

157

b0dD0b
d wf
ypdwd,ypdd, ypda\, ypdod, ypdx, ypdmrd, ypdmr,
ypdaw, ypda, ypda\, ypdao, ypda0S, ypd,H ypdmarS`
urR|kyf- ypD<
d aw, ypD<
d a, ypD<
d a\-ponf`
y\yk']f yefvif- ypD<
d wd, ypD<
d d, ypD<
d a\-ponf`
-vm, <-a'Gabmfaqmifvif- ypd<s
d aw, ypd<s
d a-ponf`
y\yk']f yefvif- ypd<s
d wd, ypd<s
d d-ponf`
"mwGef iS w
hf uG <-udk p-0}fy, a'Gabmfaqmifvif- ypP
d aw, ypP
d a-ponf`
y\yk']f yefvif- ypP
d wd, ypP
d d-ponf`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

umvmwdywW0d b
d wf
typdm, ypdm, typd, ypd? typdHk, ypdHk? typda,
ypda, typd, ypd? typdx, ypdx? typd,H ypd?H typdmrSm, ypdm
rSm, typdmrS, ypdmrS? typdx, ypdx? typdo
d ,k ypdo
d ,k typdao,
ypdao? typda0S, ypda0S? typdd ,H ypdd ?H typdmrSao, ypdmrSao`
urR|kyf- typD<
d x, ypD<
d x, typD<
d o
d ,k ypD<
d o
d -k ponf`
y\yk']f yefvif- typD<
d m, ypD<
d m, typD<
d , ypD<
d -ponf`
-vm, <-a'Gabmfaqmifvif- typd<s
d x, ypd<s
d x-ponf`
y\yk']f yefvif- typd<s
d m, ypd<s
d m-ponf`
"mwGefSifhwuG <-udk p-0}fy, a'Gabmfaqmifvif- typP
d x, ypP
d x-ponf`
y\yk']f yefvif- typP
d m, ypP
d m-ponf`

}arod? }arx? }arrd? }arr`

rSwcf su`f ` {, jo-aemufY 0wWrmef, yOPrD oufvif y\yk'f a]cmufv:Hk om touf
rsm:onf`
* {, jo rSaemuf? 0dbwfa\muf? a\Sah ]cmuf rmef, rD rSm`

158

}rk-}wdrSd (}wdteufY) }re, y0wWe, E-tm:]zifh }wd 3-rsK:d `

510` avmyaOPwW ruma\m`
t-ypPn:f udk acsI tcsKd t
h \mY {-y`
* }rk, 0'? 'g"mwfp? aemuf t, { \Hcg`
}arwd? }ard`
* {, jo-aemufr?S 0dbwf t? acs\ trJom`
uGpd "mwk-paomokw]f zifh {, jo-aemifrS td-> t-udk acs`

159

476` }rdam apm 0g oAmok`

tvk:H pkaH om 0dbwf , ypPn:f wdahk jumifh }rk-"mwf> "mwGef rf-udk p-f y`
* }rk, <rk? ok, tmo? "mwG? p- a'G \Hcgy`
}rk, <rk, ok, tmo-"mwfw>
hkd "mwGeu
f kd \Hcg p-y`
}pw,d }ap? }p,d }pa\? }po,d }px-ponf`
501` }rd CrRH`
}rk-"mwfukd CrR-y`
* }rk "mwk? CrR-y? rSw|f \Hwpfcg`
CrRw?d CrR,d CrRa\-ponf`
uHa[m
<-ypPn:f ouf, T-vmvif- }rD<aw? }rD<a, }rD<a\-ponf`
y\yk']f yefvif- }rD<wd? }rD<d, }rD<a\-ponf`
-vm, <-a'Gabmfaqmifvif- }rd<saw? }rd<sa, }rd<sa\-ponfiS hf }rd<sw?d
}rd<s,d }rd<sa\-ponf`

|kyw
f u
G -f
}arwd-ukd }rk-wnf? }rk-}wdrSd? "mwftrnfrSnfh? "mwGef O-udkacs? t-ypPnf:ouf?
avmyaOPwrW uma\m-]zifh t-ypPn:f udk {-y`
}ard-Y }rk-"mwfaemif td-0dbwfouf? t-ypPn:f ouf? t-ukd {-y? (}ar+td)
uGpd "mwk-paomokw]f zifh td-> t-udk acs`

|kyw
f u
G -f
}pw-d Y }rk-}wdr?dS "mwfaemif wd-ouf? }rdam apm 0g oAmok]zifh "mwGef rf-udk
p-y? t-ypPn:f ouf? uyf? }pw-d yD:>`
}pa\-Y td-udk uGpd "mwk-paomokw]f zifh a\-y`
CrRw-d Y }rk-"mwf, t-ypPn:f , wd-0dbwf? }rd CrR-H ]zifh }rk-udk CrR-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

160

p-y, <-ouf, T-vmvif- }p<

D aw? }p<
D a, }p<
D a\-ponfiS hf }p<
D wdponf`
p-y, <-ouf, a'Gabmfaqmif, -vmvif - }pd<saw? }pd<sa, }pd<sa\ ponfiS hf }p<
d sw-d ponf`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

161

owWr0D b
d wf
}ar<s, }ar? }ar<sKH -ponf`
}ap<s, }ap? }ap<sKH , }pKH `
* {<sKH -0drmS ? OH \Hcgy? {<smrkiS ?hf {rk Sp0f ? {<smr? y\toD:oD:`
uGpd "mwk-]zifh {<sK-H 0dbwfudk \Hcg OH-y? {<smr-udk \Hcg {<smrk-y, {rk-y`
}ap<smr? }ap<smrk? }apr`k

CrR-yvif- CrR<
D aw? CrR<
D a-ponfiS hf CrR<
d saw? CrR<
d sa-ponf`
443` ykA|lyOP
u-0}f, -0}f, y-0}fiS hf <, v, o-qk:H aom "mwfaemif <-udk ykA| yk f y`
(ykA| yk [
f o
l nf <-udk a|S t
h uQ\mSiw
hf al tmif y]cif:wnf:)
* u-0}f , y? 0}fo:Hk 0 Si?hf v, o-aemufrmS ? <-0ifvm? yyg ykA| yk `f
}rRaw? }rRa, }rRa\-ponf`
vk&d if;csKyu
f m;- *rk-*wdr?dS *arwd *pwd Crw?d uar- *rD,aw
*rd,saw *pD,aw *pd,saw CrD,aw Crd,saw *raw/

|kyw
f u
G -f
}p<
D aw-Y }rk-"mwfaemif aw-0dbwfouf? "mwGef rf-udk p-f y? <-ypPn:f ouf? Tvm` y\yk']f yefvif }p<
D wd`
}rRaw-Y }rf+<+aw-]zpfaomtcg ykA\ yl OP-]zifh <-ukd ykA\ yk f r-y? (}rf+r+aw) rf, r
-oku
hd yf? }rRaw-yD:>? ta-udk a\-yvif }rRa\-yD:>`

ya\muQm0dbwf
462` u0 p0ag`
tABmoY ]zpfaom u-0}fudk p-0}fy`
Z}r, Z}gr? Z}rk? Z}ar? Z}rdw?M Z}rH? Z}rdr?S Z}rdw?M Z}rda\? Z}rdawMm? Z}rda0Sg?
Z}rd ?H Z}rdarS`
|kyw
f u
G -f
}pK-H Y }rk-"mwf, t-ypPn:f , {<sK-H 0dbwf? "mwGef rf-udk p-f y? uGpd "mwk-]zifh {<sK-H udk
OH-y? acs, uyf`
}ap<smrk, }apr-k wdYhk uGpd "mwk-paomokw]f zifh {<smr-udk {<smrk-y, {rk-y`
Z}r-Y }rk-"mwfaemif ya\muQm t-0dbufouf? uGpm'd0mearu\meH a'Gbma0g]zifh }rk-"mwf> tp }-ukd } }-[k a'Gabmfy? tABmotrnfrn
S ?hf u0 p0ag-]zifh }-ukd Zy? rf, t-oku
hd yf? Z}r-yD:>`
Z}gr-Y uGpd "mwk-]zifh }-> t-ukd tm-'DCy`

rSwcf suf`

`aemufaemuf \kyrf sm:Y "mwftrnfrn

S ]hf cif:, "mwGeaf cs]cif:wku
hd dk oD:]cm:r]yawmh?
y\yk']f yef]cif:, -vmI <-a'Gabmfaqmif]cif:-paom \kyrf sm:ukv
d nf:
tok:H enf:]cif:, odavmufyD]zpf]cif:wdahk jumifh r]yawmh` rxl:aom \kyrf sm:Sihf
\kyx
f :l r\Sad om 0dbwfwu
hdk v
dk nf: oD:]cm:r]yawmh`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

162

tZweD

t}rD, }rD, t}rd, }rd`

491` u\ umowWrZwedr`dS
tZweD-0dbwfajumifh u\-"mwfukd umo-y`
umowW-H [laom bm0 eda'No]zifh o-vm`
wpfenf:` ` u\ um-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh u\-"mwfukd um-y? owWrZw
edr-dS [laoma<m}0dbm}]zifh tZweD0b
d wfajumifh o-vm? rsm:aomtm:]zifh tm,{,jo'DCaemufYom o- vmavh\o
dS nf`
* u\-"mwk? umo-ySi?hf um-y wpfz?Hk tZuKHu? o-vm\? 'DC tm, {,
joaemufay`
t}rmod, }rmod? t}rk,H }rk,H t}rd o
H ,k }rd o
H ,k t}rHo,k }rHo?k t}arm, }arm,
t}rd, }rd, t}r,}r? t}rdw,M }rdw,M t}rkw,M }rkw?M t}rd ,H }rd -H ponf`
t"d-a|S:\Sv
d if uGpd "mwk- paomokw]f zifh }r-udk }g-y`
t}k?H ta}g? t}kw?M t}d ?H t}krmS ? t}g-paom|kyrf sm: ]zpfao:>`
|kyw
f u
G -f
t}rmod-Y }rk-"mwf, T-0dbwf]zifh }rf+T ]zpfaomtcg uGpd "mwk-]zifh tm-vmI
T-ukd -\y? umowWH-[laom bm0eda'No]zifh o-vm? tum\m}arm-paomokwf]zifh
"mwf> tpY t-vm`
t}rd o
H -k Y oAawm OH Ho-k ]zifh OH-udk Ho-k y`
uGpd "mwk-paomokwf]zifh- OH-udk tHok-yvif t}rHok-]zpf>` jo-udk -y, tyvif t}rd, }rd, t}r, }r-]zpf>` wM-ajumifh O-vmvif t}rkw,M }rkw-M ]zpf>`
t}k-H Y t"d-ykA, }rk-wnf]cif: ponf]zifh t"d+}rf+OH ]zpfaomtcg "mwf>tpY tvm? tam t"d-]zifh t"d-ukd t-y? uGpd "mwk-]zifh }rf-udk }g-y`
ta}g-Y jo-0dbwf? t}kw-M Y wM-0dbwf, O-vm? t}d -H Y H-0dbwf? t}krmS Y rSm-0dbwf? t}g-Y tm-0dbwf? wESmeH c<r}g-ponf`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

163

t}p,D }p,D t}p,d }p?d t}pd o

H ,k }pd o
H ,k t}po
H ,k }po
H -k ponf`
* tZaSmif:\m? }r-}g? csdKrSm p y ` (p-udk pq, -udk q [k zwf)
uGpd "mwk-]zifh tZweD0b
d wfajumifh p-ukd -y? tcsKd t\mY }r-ukd }g-y`
t} ,D },D t},d }d? t}d o
H ,k }d o
H -k ponf` (p-ukd -y)`
tCrR,D CrR,D tCrR,d CrR-d ponf`
ok-pmuDok (tvd|k ]dS cif:, Spof uf]cif:wYhdk )
522` ok <rleram apm 0g`
ok-"mwf, <rk-"mwfw>
hkd "mwGeu
f kd p-y`
tam apm 0g- [laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh tmo-> "mwGef of-ukv
d nf: p-y`
pw?d p?d {owd? {od? ({-0k'dy)`
urR|yk -f p<
D aw? {oD<aw? aw? (ykA| yk f y)`
vkd&if;csKyfum;- ok-pmuEDok? pwd {owd? uar- pD,aw
{oD,aw aw/
tZweD- pD, {oD? urR|kyf - pD<dwM? {oD<dwM? (tm-ukd wM-y)`
b0dD- p
d wd? {odwd? urR\yk -f p<
D
d aw? {oD<
d aw?
daw`
|kyw
f u
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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169

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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174

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t[k-Y [l+T? "mwf> tpY t-vm? uGpd "mwk-ponf]zifh T-udk acsI OD-udk O-\y`
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201

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

202

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205

206

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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208

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210

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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211

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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* om"ersm:pGm? "mwfaemufrmS ? oufyg t, E-vdiaf vsmpf `G

bl0g'd-paom "mwftm:vk:H aemif om"e 7-yg:, vdif 3-yg: tm:avsmpf mG t, EypPn:f rsm: ouf\onf`
t, E txl:
t-ypPn:f ouf\mY 0k'd rxif|mS :? tcsKd . -0Ef, O-0Efukd {, jo-0k'd ]yK\aomfvnf: {-udk t<, jo-udk t0 qufvuf
]yK\onf? t-uduk m: vk:H 0 0k'd r]yK\`
E-ypPnf: ouf\mYum: tm, {, jo-0k'd wdkuf|dkufaomfvnf:aumif:, wzef {-udk tm<, jo-udk tm0qufvuf]yKIaomfvnf:aumif: |Sad ewwf onf? 0k'xd if|mS : aewwfonf`
* 0k'd oabm? tm, {, jo? qufavm tm<, tm0-wdik `f
* |kyf yD:\mwGi?f 0k'd xif? rxif E, t-cG`J

t-ypPn:f
527` oAawm EGKwGm0D 0g`
tvH:k pHak om "mwfwahdk emif t, EGK, wk, tm0D-ypPn:f ouf`
-0 "mwfrsm:-}wdrSd? (}wdteufY)
ywd-a|S:|Srd -l -ydpP {wd {woRmwd ypPa<m? orka'wd {woRmwd ork'a<m`
|kyw
f u
G -f
ypPa<m-udk ywd-ykA -wnf? -}wdr?dS "mwftrnfrn
S ?hf "mwGef racsap\? oAawm
EGKwGm0D 0g-]zifh t-ypPn:f ouf? (ywd++t) tanok p-]zifh -udk {-0k'd y? { t<- ]zifh {udk t<f-y? <f, t-odu
hk yf? wd-udk p-y? pf, t-oku
hd yf? a'Gabmfaqmif? emrfi-hJ ponf`
ork'a<m-Y oH-a|S:, O-a|S:|Sad om -}wdrdS "mwfaemif t-ypPn:f ouf? -udk {-0k'd y?
{-udk t<f-y? ed[dwfukd r-y? '-vm? emrfiJh ponf`

233

0depd a<m-Y 0d-a|S:, ed-a|S:|Sad om pd-"mwf? t-ypPn:f ? -udk {-0k'd y? {-udk t<-y?
a'g " p-Y p-]zifh p-udk q-y? to'doa'Gabmfaqmif`
t0g-Y (tm+ok+t) O-ukd jo-0k'dy? jo t0oa\-]zifh t0f-y? a'Gabmfaqmif?
\y-ponf`
eda[m-Y ed-ykA, }[-"mwf t-ypPn:f ? }-a'Gabmfaqmif`

234

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235

}rk-}wdr?dS (}wdteufY)
tm}arm` (vma\muf]cif:, wwf, ajumif:, \m)
oy-}wdr?dS
oayg` (oGm:wwfaoma]rG)
urk-y'0dauQay? (a]cudk txl:x:l ypfcs]cif:)
yUrwDwd yUarm? 0dUarm`
teD:yk'|f \dS mY"\-"m\aE (aqmif]cif:)
"rRH "\wDwd "rR"a\m? 0de<"a\m?
ygv-\uQaE? (apmifah \Smuf]cif:Y)
"rRH ygavwDwd "rRygavm`
[dwH ua\mwDwd [dwua\m? wH ua\mwDwd wUa\m`
* <-w-o'Ng? a|S|\dS m0<f? aemufrmS a'Gabmf? vmaomfvnf:|S?d rvmbdr?l <w >aemuf? AdK a\muf? rSwaf vmufx:kH pH trJwnf:` (a|S:q\m)
'd0gua\m? edomua\m? "kH }ESmwDwd "ka[m`
''-'gae? (ay:]cif:)
oAumrH ''gwDwd oAumr'a'g`
'g-'gae?
tH ''gwDwd ta'g? (t-o'NLyy', 'g+t)
"m-"m\aE? (aqmif]cif:Y) opPH oN[wDwd opPoam?
yg-ygae? (aomuf]cif:)
rZH yd0wDwd rZayg? yga'e yd0wDwd yg'ayg? upayg`
wm-ygvae? (apmif]h cif:) }0H o'NH wm<wDwd a}gwW?H
p\-p\aE (vSnvhf nf]cif:) 0ae p\wDwd 0epa\m? umarm t0p\wd {wMmwd
umrm0p\H? }ga0g p\d {wMmwd a}gpa\m?
|k[-Zeae? (]zpf]cif:)
od\odR H |k[wDwd oda\m|ka[m?

od-oa<? (tdy]f cif:)

Xm-}wde0d wWrd dS (vm:]cif:rS qkwef pf]cif:)

|kyw
f u
G -f

|kyw
f u
G -f

opPoam-Y opP-o'NLy y' oH-ykA-"m-"m\aE "mwfaemif t-ouf? ", cGif:, acs,

uyf? 0-y? emrfihJ -ponf`
a}gwW-Y a}g-o'NLyy', wm+t? a'Gabmfaqmif`
oda\m|ka[m-Y od\o'NLyy', |k[+f t? od\-o'Ng raem}kE
d :f ]zpfI {awoarmavmay
]zifh jo-y`

a}[H-Y }[-Oyg'gae, "mwfaemif t-ouf? }[ky"a 0g-]zifh }-> tpdwf tudk {-y? emrfihJ ponf`
'DyuFa\m-udk 'Dy o'NLyy', u\-wnf? u\-u\aE? "mwftrnfrn
S ?hf "mwGef t-ukad cs?
onm<rk-]zifh t-ypPnf:oufI 'Dy-teD:emrfyk'faemif k-vm? ked[dwH y'a-]zifh k-ukd
teD:emrfy'k >
f tqk:H Y ed[dwf y? ed[dwu
f dk 0yK? emrfi?hJ od-ouf? jo-y`
rSwcf suf`
` TY |kyf yD:vG<af p\ef udwormoftpDt\ifudk ryfI udwf tpDt\if
oufoufom pD\ifonf`

}k[m<H o<wDwd }k[mo<H`

yAaw wdwDwd yAwam? xvH`

629` }[k y"a 0g`

}[-"mwf> Oy"m rnfaom }-> t-ukd \Hcg {-y`
* "mwk }[? }-> t? ]yK\ { \Hcg`
}[-Oyg'gae? (<l]cif:Y)
}<Sawwd a}[H? }[H`
525` onm<rk`
tpY uHy'k \f adS om"mwfaemif trnfonmukad [m\mY t-ypPn:f oufI teD:emrf
yk'af emif k-tuQ\mvm`
537` ked[dwH y'a`
teD:emrfy'k >
f tqH:k Y vmaomk-tuQ\mukd ed[dwf y`
* uHy'k af |Syg? "mwfaemufrmS vi?f onmaz;]y? ypPn:f t? urR AdK wif`
tpuHy'k >
f tqk:H Y ed[dwv
f m` (k-vmI ed[dwf yaom tpDt\ifudk vG<uf al p\ef ed[dwvf m[k qkod nf)
'DyH ua\mwDwd 'DyuFa\m? ar"uFa\m? (ynmudk ]yKwwfaombk\m:) o\EuFa\m? (ud:k u<G \f mudk
]yKwwfaombk\m:) a0a\m? (ukeof nf vrf:uvkd eG af ]rmufo)l
t\d 'H arwDwd t\daN rm`

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526` yka\ ''g p H`

yk\-a|S:|Sad om ''-"mwfaemif t-ypPn:f oufI yk\->tqH:k t-ukd H-y`
* ''- a|Sr?S yk\-t-rSm? H-]yK\m? aemufrmS t-ypPn:f `
yka\ t''Dwd yk\d aN 'g`
553` wM<
d rwd<a0g 0g`
wMv
d id u
f dk a[m\mY tcsK.d t, wd, <k-ypPn:f ouf`
* wMv
d id w
f u
G ?f t-yifouf? aemufquf wMd tm`
wMv
d id u
f adk [m\mY wM<
d rwd<a0g 0g-]zifh t-ypPn:f ouf? udwf yD:aomtcg
wM<
d rawm tmypPa<m-]zifh tm-ypPn:f ouf`
-t0aAm"ae? (xd:k xiG :f Iod]cif:Y) yZmemwDwd ynm? oOmemwDwd onm?
y\dnm? (ydik :f ]cm:I od]cif:)?
csm-yuxae (a\wGu]f cif:)
ocsmF `
Z\-0a<m[medr?dS (t|G<rf <S wk ]f cif:Y) Z\m` (tkd]cif:)
|kZ-a\ma} (usifem]cif:)
|kZm`
y'-}wdr?dS (}wdteufY)
ydy'g? (usi]hf cif:)
bd'-0d'g\aE(azmufc]GJ cif:)
ydorBd'g`
bm-'dw<
dW ?H (xGe:f y]cif:)
ybm? tmbm? (ta\mif)
pd-pdm<H (uHpnf]cif:)
pdm? edmN ? (uJ\h ]hJ cif:)
'g-'gae? (ay:]cif:Y)
Oyg'D<wDwd Oyg'g`
uQ-'eauFo?k (]rif]cif:,trSwwf qH yd f y]cif:wYhdk ) OayuQww
D d OayuQm`
odu-Q 0daZmyg'gae` (twwfoif<]l cif:)
odueQ H odumQ `
|kyw
f u
G -f
yk\dNa'g-Y yk\ o'NLyy', ''-'gae? "mwfaemif yka\ ''g p H-]zifh ''-aemif t-oufI
yk\tqk:H t-ukd H-y? 0y`
ynm-Y y ykA, -t0 aAm"ae? "mwfaemif t-ypPn:f ouf? cGi:f ? acs? uyf? a'Gabmfy?
wM<
d rawm tmypPa<m-]zifh tm-ouf? cGi:f ? acs? uyf? emrfi?hJ od-ouf? acs`

t|Siw
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237

bdu-Q <mpae? (awmif:]cif:)

"m-"m\aE? (aqmif]cif:)
a-pdm<H? (uHpnf]cif:)

bdumQ `
o'g` (<Hjk unf]cif:)
tbdrck H m<wDwd tbdm? Oy}m m<wDwd Oym?
orRm m<wDwd om`
ok- pmuDo?k(tvd|k ]dS cif:, Spof uf]cif:wYhdk )pm` (vdck si]f cif:) (ok<rleram apm 0g-]zifh p-y) AsmydwkH
pm 0dpm` (0d+of+t+tm)
ykp-ykpae (ar:]cif:)
ykpeH ykpm`
udw-a\m}gye<ae? (tema\m}gukd y<f]cif:Y) wdupd eH wdupd m`
CodwkH pm ZdCpm? wdwduQm? bkOdwHk pm AkbkuQm? ygwHk pm
ydygom`
560` ToH 'k ol[d c`
ToH, 'k, ok-a\S:\Sad om "mwfaemif abm, uHteufY c-ypPn:f ouf`
* 'k-ok ToH? a|SYcHrl? abm, uHeuf]y? ypPnf: c, aus\ ckAef`
uGpd "mwk-paomokw]f zifh c-tkAefuadk cs`
'kauQe u\D<awwd 'kU\H? 'kva bm? 'k ABa\m? 'kAa pm? ('k+0p+c) 'k'aN om`
oku\H? okvabm? okba\m? okAa pm? ok'aom? ToH u\D<awwd ToU\H`
|kyw
f u
G -f
o'g-Y oHykA "m-"m\aE "mwfaemif t-ouf? (oH+"m+t) "-cGif:, acs, uyf? (oH+")
r'g-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh ed[dwu
f kd 'f-y? 'f, "-odu
hk yf? tm- ypPn:f ouf? emrfiphJ onf`
wdupd m-ponfY wdupd , ZdCp, wdwu
d ,Q Akbu
k ,Q ydygo-[laom "mwkypP<aemif typPn:f , wMv
d id f tm-ypPn:f ouf`
'kU\H-Y 'k-ykA u\-u\aE "mwfaemif ToH 'k ol[d c-]zifh c-ypPn:f ouf? uGpd "mwkpaomokw]f zifh c-tkAefukd acs? \f, t-odu
hk yf? u-a'Gabmfaqmif? emrfiphJ onf`
ToU\H-Y AsOa e p-]zifh ed[dwu
f akd cs`

238

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E-ypPn:f

529` bma0 p`
abm-teufYvnf: tvH:k pHak om"mwfaemif E-ypPn:f ouf`
pZ-pma}? (pGefh]cif:)
pZeH pma}g`
<kZ-a<ma}? (tm:xwk ]f cif:, <SO]f cif:) <kZa wwd a<ma}g`
0dZ-oHa0Zae? (xdwvf ef]h cif:)
oHa0ZeH oHa0a}g`
bl-owWm<H? (xif|mS :]zpf]cif)
b0wDwd bma0g`
Op-or0ga<? (aygi:f p]k cif:)
OpwDwd joaum`
Ak"-t0}rae?(xk:d xiG :f Iod]cif:)
orRm AkwDwd oarma"m`
(abm-teuf]zpfvsif bma0 p? t]cm:teuf]zpfvsif 0do|kZ-paomokw]f zifoh ufav)
wk'-Asxae? (xk:d q]G cif:)
ywkZa w taeemwd yawma'g`
}rk-}wdrSd? (}wdteuf)
}p<
D awwd }garm`
<rk-Oy\ar? (juOfa|Smif]cif:)
ed<reH ed<marm`
0'-0d<wW<
d 0H gpm<?H (yD]yifxif\mS :aom pum:Y) 0ga'g?(qd]k cif:) 0d0ga'g?(]iif:c]kH cif:) jo0ga'g(qH:k r]cif:)
0o-ed0gao? (ae]cif:)
0gaom? tm0gaom? y\d0gaom`
r\-ygEpma}? (toufupkd eG ]hf cif:) rma\wDwd rma\m`
0[-ygyae? (a\mufap]cif: )
0ga[m (|Guaf qmif]cif:) tm0ga[m? 0d0ga[m/(xdr:f ]rm:]cif:)
e'-oa'N? (toH]yK]cif:)
e'wDwd ema'g? Oma'g? edma'g`
o'-0do\Em}wsm0omaeok? (a|Gvsm:]cif:? vm:]cif:>tqk:H wYhdk ) yoD'wDwd yoma'g`
erk-erae? (nGwf]cif:)
ereH emarm? yEmarm`
urk-pmuDo?k (vkcd sif pS of uf]cif:)
umarwDwd umarm`(tvd|k wdS wfaomwESm)
yp-ygau? (csu]f cif:, usu]f cif:)
ypeH ygaum? 0dygaum`

528` 0do|kZy'g'dawm E`
0do, |kZ, y'-paom "mwfaemif E-ypPn:f ouf`
rSwcf suf` ` E-tkAefygvif um|kw
d u
f u
dk o
hJ ihdk ]hJ cif:? E-tkAefacs]cif:?
0k'd y]cif:wku
hd dk udpt
P cef: Es-ypPn:f Y qkcd hJ yD:twkid :f odav`
0do-ya0oae? (0if]cif:)
y0dowDwd ya0aom`
|kZ-a\ma} (usifem]cif:)
|kZwDwd a\ma}g`
y'-}wdrSd? (}wdteuf)
yZaw taeemwd yga'g`
t<-}wdr?dS
t<wd awmwd tma<m`
[\-[\aE? (aqmif]cif:)
tm[\wD w d tm[ma\m? a0g[\D < awwd
a0g[ma\m?
(0d+t0+[\+E)
0d[\d{wMmwd 0d[ma\m`
\rk-uDVm<H? (]rL:w:l aysmyf g: upm:]cif:) tm}m \rd {woR
d d tm\marm`
yw-}wdr?dS (}wdteuf)
yywwd {wMmwd yygawm` (y+yw+E)
Z\-0a<m[medr?dS (t|G<rf <S wk ]f cif:=td]k cif:)Z\D<wd taeemwd Zma\m`
'\-bdaN e? (cGJ]cif:)
'\D<aw taeemwd 'ga\m`
bkZ-buQaE? (pm:]cif:)
bkZa wwd abma}g`
bZ-ao0g<H? (rS0D ]J cif:)
bZD<awwd bma}g? 0dbma}g`
<Z-ylZm<H? (ylaZmf]cif:)
Zawwd <ma}g`
|kyw
f u
G -f
ya0aom-Y y-ykA 0do-ya0oae? "mwfaemif 0do|kZy'g'dawm E-]zifh E-ypPn:f ouf?
um|kw
d u
f kd uJo
h ihdk ?hJ E-tkAefacs? toHa<m} 0k'd um\daw-]zifh 0do- "mwf> 0-> tpdwf
-udk {-0k'd y? uyf? emrfihJ ponf`
a\ma}g-Y u}gpZmeH-]zifh Z-udk }-]yK`
a0g[ma\m- 0d, t0-ykA [\-[\aE? "mwfaemif E-ouf? um|dw
k if ?hJ E-tkAef acs?
0k'd y? jo t0-]zifh t0-udk jo-y? cGi:f , acs, uyf? emrfihJ ponf`

|kyw
f u
G -f
yEmarm-Y a'g " p-Y p-]zifh e-ud-k E ]yK`
(y, y\d, ed? O, jo->aemuf? e-i<fa\muf? razmuf E-uD:]yef`)

239

240

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

odp-y\aE? (<dpk :D ]cif:, oGe:f avmif:]cif:)

aopeH aoaum`
okp-aomau? (ylaqG:]cif:)
aompeH aomaum`
591` [e Cmawm`
E-tkAef|adS omypPn:f ajumihf [e-"mwfudk Cmw-y`
* [e"mwk? Cmw-y? aSmif:r um|du
k f E-ypPn:f ?`
[e-[d o
H m}wDo?k (i:f q]J cif: }wdteufw)hdk
Oy[ewD w d OyCmawm? 0d [ nwd
{woRmwd
0dCmawm`
0dp-0da0pae? (uif:qdwf]cif:)
0da0aum`
vkb-}d'rd ?dS (wyfruf]cif:)
vk ABw,d vk ABd {awe, vk ABeH 0g avmabm`
'ko-tyw
D rd ?dS (rSpof uf]cif:)
'kwDwd a'gaom`
rk[-a0pdawW? (awGa0]cif:)
rk<w
S w
D d arma[m`

t|Siw
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H (tif:pde)f

241

613` }[ C\ aE 0g`
E-ypPn:f ajumihf }[-"mwfudk tcsKd C\-y`
C\H`
594` yk\orky y\d[d ua\mwd cc\m0g wypPa<ok p`
w-ypPn:f , E-ypPn:f wdahk jumihf yk\, oH, Oy, y\d-a|S:|Sad om u\-"mwfudk c, c\
y`
* E, w-aSmif:u? oH-Oy-Si?hf yk\-y\d? aemuf|dS u\? c\, c? ]yK\ xdu
k o
f ifph mG `
oHu\D<awwd ocFga\m?
y\dorawm u\D<awwd y\dumQ a\m? (to'doa'Gabmfaqmif)
yka\ u\D<awwd yka\uQma\m? (tvkwoW rmof) yk\uQma\m`

614` '[ a'g vH`

E-ypPn:f ajumihf '[-"mwf> '-ukd v (V) -y`
* E-aSmif: '[? '-udk V Si?hf zko "mwk? z-y? "mwk }[ csKd C\`
uGpd "mwk-]zifh zko-ukd z-y`
'[-boRu
D \aE? (]ymudk ]yK]cif:)
y\d<SeH y\dVma[m? y\d'ga[m`
zko-ora? (awGx]d cif:)
zkowDwd zam`
}[-Oyg'gae? (<l]cif:)
}<Sawwd }ga[m`

607` ed[dwoHa<m}g'd aem`

oH<w
k >
f tp e-udk ed[dwf y`
* oH<}k f p-e? AdK ]y? \-- Z-y\` (-udk eZ-[kzwf)
ed[dwoHa<m}g'd aem-]zifh oH<w
k >
f tp e-ukd ed[dwf y? ErSd \ aZm
bm0u\aEok-]zifh \-> -oH<w
k u
f dk Z-y?
\-\ma}? (wyfp]JG cif:)
\ww
D d \a}Fg`

|kyw
f u
G -f

|kyw
f u
G -f

aoaum-Y odp-y\aE? "mwfaemif bma0 p-]zifh E-ouf? um|dw

k rf n
S hf E-tkAefacs?
jo-0k'dy? u}g pZmeH-]zifh "mwGef p-udk u-y? emrfiJh ponf`
OyCmawm-Y [e-[d o
H m}wDo?k "mwfaemif E-ouf? um|dw
k rf n
S ?hf E-tkAef acs?
[e Cmawm-]zifh [e-udk Cmw-y? emrfihJ ponf`
y\dVma[m-Y y\d-ykA, '[-boRu
d \aE? "mwfaemif E-ouf? um|dw
k if ?hJ E-tkAef
acs? 0k'dy? '[ a'g VH-]zifh '-udk V-y? emrfiJh ponf`

C\H-Y }[-Oyg'gae? "mwfaemif E-ouf? um|dw

k if ?hJ E-tkAefacs? }[ C\ aE
0g-]zifh }[-udk C\-y? emrfi-hJ ponf`
ocFga\m-Y (oH+u\+E) u\-ukd c\-y? c-> t-udk tm-0k'd y`
\a}Fg-Y (\+E) ed[Dw oHa<m}g'd aem-]zifh -oH<w
k >
f tp e-udk ed[dw-f y?
u}g pZmeH-]zifh "mwGef Z-udk }-y? ed[dwu
f kd 0y? emrfi-hJ ponf`

242

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

590` ErSd \ aZm bm0u\aEok`

abm, u|dE
k :f teufa[m E-ypPn:f ajumihf \-"mwf> -ukd Z-y`
\ma}g`
o-oa}F? (uyfid]cif:)
oOeH oa}Fg`
b-t0r'Nae? (eif:e<fzsuqf :D ]cif:)
bOeH ba}Fg`
uHy'k f teD:|S\d m E-ypPn:f oufyHk
524` "mwk<m urRm'drdS aEm`
tpY uHy'k |f adS om "mwfaemif E-ypPn:f ouf`
* a|S u
h yH 'k af \muf? "mwf>aemuf? razmuf E-ypPn:f `
uk rBH ua\mwDwd uk rBuma\m? urRuma\m? rmvmuma\m? ywWga[m?
"rRumarm`
'v-0d'g\aE? (azgucf ]JG cif:)
ukH yx0d H 'vwDwd uk'gavm`
a0-womae? (csnaf csmif:tpOfu]kd yK]cif:)
wH 0g<wDwd w0ga<m`
(aw tm0g<m um\daw-]zifh {-udk tm<-]yK)
593` tmum\merma<m`
E-ypPn:f ajumihf tmum\"mwfw>
hkd tm-ukd tm<-y`
* tmum\? E-aSmif:u? tm< trSe]f yK`
'geH ''gwDwd 'ge'ga<m` ('g-> tm-udk tm<-y)
rm-y\drmae? (dif:csdef]cif:)
"nH rdemwDwd "nrma<m`
|kyw
f u
G -f
\ma}g-Y (\+E) um|dw
k if ?hJ E-tkAefacs? 0k'd y? ErSd \ aZm bm0u\aEok]zifh -udk Z-y? u}g pZmeH-]zifh Z-udk }-y? emrfi-hJ ponf`
uk uma\m-udk uk o'NLyy' u\-wnf? u\-u\aE? "mwftrnfrn
S ?hf "mwGef tudak cs? "mwk<m urRm'drdS aEm-]zifh E-ouf? um|dw
k if ?hJ E-tkAefacs? 0k'd y-ponf`

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EGK-ypPn:f
622` teum <kELG eH`
<k-ypPn:f ukd te-y? EGK-ypPn:f ukd tu-y`
* uwWm: a<bk<s? uH-csKd r? ouf\ EGK, tu-]yK`
oAawm EGKwGm0D 0g-]zifh rsm:aomtm:]zifh uwWm:teufY EGK-ypPn:f ouf?
owM[m\uH-paom tenf:i<faom uHteufYvnf: EGK-oufao:onf? teum<k
EGLeH-]zifh EGK-ukd tu-y`
ua\mwDwd um\aum`
* wMv
d id rf mS ? tu-vm? rSepf mG t-udk `
awok 0k'd paomokwf uD:]zifh wMv
d id Yf tu-> t-ukd -y`
um\dum? um\uH`
tmo-Oya0oae?(uyf0if]cif:=ae]cif:) OygowDwd Oygoaum? Oygodum? OygouH`
eD-ygykEae?(a\mufatmifyahdk qmif]cif:) aewDwd em<aum? em<dum? em<uH`
ok-o0aE? (em:axmif]cif:)
okEmwDwd om0aum? om0dum? om0uH`
yk-y0ae? (]zLpif]cif:)
ykemwDwd yg0aum`
vl-aq'ae? (]zwf]cif:)
vkemwDwd vm0aum`
'g-'gae? (ay:]cif:)
''gwDwd 'g<aum? (tm-ukd tm<-y) 'g<dum? 'g<uH`
}[-Oyg'gae? (<l]cif:)
}ESmwDwd }g[aum`
yp-ygau? (csuf]cif=usuf]cif:)
ypwDwd ygpaum`
<Z-ylZm<H? (ylaZmf]cif:)
<ZwDwd <mZaum`
|kyfwGufum\aum-Y u\-u\aE? "mwfaemif oAawm EGKwGm0D 0g-]zifh EGK-ouf? um|dw
k if ?hJ
0k'-d y? teum <kELG eH-]zifh EGK-udk tu-y? emrfi-hJ ponf`
um\dum-Y um\u-[k]zpfaomtcg wM<
d rawm tmypPa<m-]zifh tm-ypPn:f ouf?
awok 0k'-d paomokw]f zifh tu-> t-udk -y? emrfi-hJ ponf`
'g<aum-Y tmum\merma<m-]zifh tm-udk tm<-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

244

Ze-Zeae? (]zpf]cif:)
ZaewDwd Zeaum? Zedum`
ck-t0"m\aE? (wl:zdK]cif:)
cewDwd ceaum`
ork-Oyoar? (idr:f at:]cif:)
oarwDwd oraum`
}rk-}wdr?dS (}wdteufY)
}arwDwd }raum`
'rk-'rae? (qHk:r]cif:)
'arwDwd 'raum`
[e-[d o
H m0wDo?k (nSi:f q]J cif:, }wdteufwYhkd ) [ewDwd 0"aum? Cmwaum`
|k"-tm0\aE? (ydwfyif]cif:)
|kw
w
D d |ka um`
bkZ-buQaE? (pm:]cif:)
bkOw
w
D d bkOa um`
uD-'A0ed rD a<? (OpPmvJv<S 0f <fa\mif:]cif:)
udEmwDwd um<aum`
(T-ukd {-0k'd y? {-ukd tm<-y)
ygv-\uQaE? (apmifh]cif:)
ygavwDwd ygvaum`
ylZ-ylZm<H? (ylaZmf]cif:)
ylaZwDwd ylZaum`
641` k'g'D[d <kELG eremeemum eeum oum\daw[d p`
k'-paom"mwf, um|dw
k yf pPn:f Siw
hf uG]zpfaom "mwfaemif <k-udk te, tmeey? EGK-udk tu, tmeeu-y`
rSwcf su`f `-"mwfaemifom tmeeu-yavh|o
dS nf`
* oum\dw? k'-p, aemuf? usa\muf <k-rSm? Sp]f zm te? tmee-wnf:? wpf0 EGK?
tu-y? -r tmeeu`
k'-acay? (ypfy<f]cif:)
ol'-y\aE? (<kdpD:]cif:)

yykaAm? yk'wDwd yl'aum` (uGp"d mwk-]zifh 'DC]yK)

ol'wDwd ol'aum`

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245

-t0aAm"ae? (xdk:xGif:Iod]cif:)
m-"mwfaemif EGK-udk tcsKd h tmeeu-y`
ZmemwDwd Zmeeaum? oOmeeaum? aywDwd yaum`
um\maywDwd um\myaum`
ty-ygyaE? (a\mufap]cif:Y)
orgaywDwo
d rgyaum`
'gaywDwd 'gyaum` ywdmaywD
ywdmyaum`
tmE-ayoae? (apckid :f ]cif:)
tmEmaywD tmEmyaum`
[\-[\aE? (aqmif]cif:)
[\dwaAmwd [m\aum`(EGK-ypPn:f uHYouf)

ED-ypPn:f
532` wDvm'Dok EDwmG 0D p`
wDv, w'r,R wm"kum\D-teufwYhdk ED, wk, tm0D-ypPn:f ouf`
p-o'Ng]zifh twWrmeteufY ED-ouf`
* oDv, "rR? om"kuSi?hf twWrme? teuf]y? ouf\ "mwfaemif ED, tm0D`
oHo-yoHoae? (cs:D rrG :f ]cif:)
yd<H yoHow
d kH oDv,H "arRm 0g,om"kum\dwm 0g <mwd yd<yoHo`D
yd<H 0g yoHowd oDave, "arRe 0g, om"kum\dwm< 0gwd yd<yoHo`D
yd<H 0gyoHoeoDavm,yoHoe"arRm 0g,yoHoae om"kum\D 0gwd yd<yoHo`D
]A[Rpm\D? opP0g'D? "rR0g'D? ygyum\D`
|kyw
f u
G -f

|kyw
f u
G -f
0"aum-Y ([ef+EGK) 0a"m 0g oAw-M ]zifh [e-udk 0"-y`
Cmwaum-Y [e Cmawm-]zifh [e-udk Cmw-y`

Zmeeaum-Y (m+EGK) m ZmZHem-]zifh m-udk Zm-y? k'g'D[-d paom okw]f zifh

EGK-udk tmeeu-y? cGi:f , acs, uyf? emrfi-hJ ponf`
myaum-ponfY may, um\may-paom "mwkypP<aemif EGK-ouf? tu-y`
yd<yoHoD-Y yd<o'NLyy' y-ykA oHo-yoHoae? ED-ouf-ponf`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
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'ge+'g- 'ge'g<D? (ay:va vh|odS )l ed+"m- ed"m<D? (odrk :DS avh|odS )l rZ+yg- rZyg<D? (ao\nfuakd omufavh|odS )l
"n+rm-"nrm<D` (pyg:csiaf vh|odS )l
<m-}wdrSd? (}wdteufY)oDC<m<D? (vif]refpGm oGm:avh|Sdol) yg-ygu?D (csufavh|Sdol) bkZabm}D? (oH:k aqmifavh|odS )l
<kZ-a<m}?D (tm:xkwfavh|Sdol) pZ- pm}?D (pGefhjuJavh|Sdol) &E-\m}D?
(wyfrufol) bl-bm0?D (]zpfavh|Sdol) ok- {o?D (|Smavh|Sdol) Oy+tmo- OygoD? (qnf:uyfavh|Sdol)
vb-vmb?D (\avh|Sdo)l [e-Cmw?D (owfavh|Sdol) 'DC+'do- 'DC'D? (t|Snf]rifavh |Sdol)
ok+'do-ok'D? (aumif:pmG ]rifavh|odS )l
e'-oa'N? (toH]yK]cif:) em'D? (qkad vh|odS )l oD[em'D? (\J\ifph mG qdak vh|odS )l
ZD0-ZD0ae? (touf|iS ]f cif:) 'DCZD0?D (|Snaf omtouf|odS )l
pk\-apm\D? (cdk:avh|Sdol) wdwu
d -Q wdwu
d ?QD (onf:caH vh|odS )l
re-maE? (od]cif:) ydwH twWmeH rnwDwd ydwrmeD? A[kw
k rmeD`

<k-ypPn:f

246

tm0D-ypPn:f

247

* vdi,f om"e? xdu

k o
f ifph ?G "mwfrS aemuf<,k te-]yK`
vdi,f om"e tm:avsmpf mG "mwfaemif <k-ypPn:f ouf? <k-udk te-y`
547` eNm'D[d <k`
eN-paom "mwfwahdk emif abm, uHteufY <k-ypPn:f ouf`
eN-ord'drSd? eNae 0g (]ynfhpHk? Spfouf) eN<
D aw eNe`H p\EH` (e-udk E-]yef)
w\EH? o\EH? b\EH? bl<aw b0eH`
cg-yuxae? (a]ymjum:]cif:) tmykaAm? tuQm<aw tuQmeH? ocFg<aw ocFgeH`
wm-ygvae? (apmifah |Smuf]cif:) wmEH? ed"meH? 0d"meH? yd"meH? ygeH? y[meH`
edo'D eH? yoD'eH? [eeH? 0[eH? 'eH? e<eH? [0eH`
|ke ?H a\m"eH? qdeN ?H aq'eH? rkOeP ?H armpeH? odOeP ?H aopeH? <kOe ?H a<mZeH?
bkOe ?H bkZa wwd abmZeH` 'dAe ?H OyZe ?H Oyg'eH? AkeH? aAm"eH? ukeH? aum"eH? wkeH?
awmoeH? 'keH? ZeeH? ygykEeH? ygyeH? Z<eH? }[EH? o}FEeS ?H pdeH? ygveH`

'do-ayuQaE?(junf|h ] cif:Y)b<H ywd oDavemwd b<'m0D? tm'De0 'm0D`

|kyw
f u
G -f
'ge'g<D-Y 'geo'NLyy' 'g+ED? tmum\me rma<m-]zifh tm-udk tm<-y`
ed"m<D-Y ed-ykA "m+ED`
'DC'D-Y uGpd "mwk-paomokw]f zifh 'do-udk '-y`
wdwu
d -DQ Y wdwu
d -Q [laom "mwkypP<yk'af emif ED-ypPn:f ouf`
A[kkwrmeD-Y A[kkwo'NLyy' re-maE? "mwfaemif wDvm'Dok EDwGm0D
p-Y p-]zifh twWrme teufY ED-ouf-ponf`
b<'m0D-Y b<o'NLyy' 'do-ayuQaE? "mwfaemif tm0D-ypPn:f ouf? uGpd "mwkpaomokw]f zifh 'do-f udk 'f-y? emrfi-hJ ponf`

548` uwWKu\Eya'aook p`
uwWm:, u|dE
k :f , t"du\EteufwYhdk vnf: <k-ypPn:f ouf`
p-o'Ng]zifh or'ge, tyg'geom"ewkYhd vnf:ouf`
uwWKom"e- 0dZmemwDwd 0dnmEH?(0d++<k-Y <k-ukd te-y? e-ukd E-]yef? a'Gabmfaqmif)
0dZmeeH` (<k-udk tmee-y)
|kyw
f u
G -f
tuQmeH-Y tm-ykaAm cg-yuxae? "mwfaemif eNm'D[d <k-]zifh <k-ouf? <k-udk tey? (tm+cg+te) c-cGif:, acs, 'DCy? c-> to'doa'Gabmf uf-vm? \H-]zifh \y? emrfiJhponf`
|keH-Y |k"-tm0\aE? "mwfaemif <k-ouf? |k"m'dawm ed[DwykAOP-[laom
0dem"dum\a<m}0dbm}-]zifh t-ypPn:f oufI |k-txufY ed[dwv
f m? te-y-ponf`

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248
Cm-}amyg'gae? (teHuh <kd ]l cif:)
a-pdm<H? (uHpnf]cif:)

Cm<wDwd CmeH`
m<wDwd meH? m<eH`

u\Eom"e-

ua\mwd awemwd u\EH` 0kpaP w taeemwd 0peH`

<xmo|lyH o'Ng Asmu\D<d {awemwd Asmu\EH`(0d+tm+u\+<k)
yl\-yl\aE?(]ynf]h cif:)
yl\<wd awemwd yl\EH`<mwd {awemwd <meH`
'D<aw taeemwd 'geH`
rm-rmae? (id :f csed ]f cif:)
yrD<aw taeemwd yrmEH? rmeH? OyrmeH` e<wd, eD<aw
{awemwd 0g e<eH? okEmwd, ol<awwd 0g o0EH`
vl-aq'ae? (]zwf]cif:) vkemwd, vl<aw taeemwd 0g v0eH? v0EH? avmEH`
yl-y0ae? (]zLpif]cif:)
ykemwd, yl<aw taeemwd 0g y0aem` oarwd, orD<aw
ygyH
taeemwd 0g oraEm?
"mwkyp,EaemifoufyHk- ygapwd, ygpD<aw taeemwd ygpeH? ygpmyeH`(ygap,ygpmy<-[laom
"mwkypP<Eaemif ,k-ouf) `
t"du\Eom"eo<wd {wMmwd o<eH? aoeH? tmowd {wMmwd tmoeH?
wdwd {wMmwd XmeH? t"du\D<wd {wMmwd t"du\EH`
or'geom"eorRm y'D<aw <mwd or'geH`
tyg'geom"etaypP awm tm''gwDwd tyg'geH`
|kyw
f u
G -f

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249

* wMv
d id w
f u
G ?f <k-yifouf? aemufquf wMd tm`
wM<
d rwd<a0g 0g-]zifh wMv
d id Yf <k-ypPn:f ouf? <k-ukd te-y yD:aemuf
wMv
d id f tm-ypPn:f ouf`
pdw-oaOPwae? (aphaqmf]cif:)
apw<wDwd apwem`
0d'-tkb0ae? (cHpm:]cif:)
a0'<wDwd a0'em`
'do-D OpPm\aE? (\Gwqf ]dk cif:)
a'oD<awwd a'oem`
bm0D<awwd bm0em? a<mZem?
{oem`
0N-0Nae? (|Sdcdk:]cif:)
0ND<aw 0Nem`
'Dy-'dwrdW ?dS (wifwh <fxeG :f y]cif:Y)
'Dyem`
533` o'N uk" pv rwM |kpm'D[d <k`
toHy]cif:teuf|adS om"mwf? trsux
f u
G ]f cif:teuf|adS om"mwf? wkev
f y ]f cif:
teuf|adS om"mwf? xGe:f vif:awmufy]cif:teuf|adS om"mwf? wk:d yGm:]cif:teuf|adS om "mwf
tp|So
d nfwahdk emif wDvpaomteuf, uwWm:teufY <k- ypPn:f ouf? T <k-ypPn:f
ouf\mY 0k'd yonfomrsm:>`
* toH-trsu?f vyv
f u
S ,f qif<if? xGe:f xifawmufy? yGm:]cif:p|S?d oDvm'dwu
G ?f
uwWm:euf? <k-ouf 0k'rd sm:`
Cko-oa'N?(toHy]cif:)

meH-Y a+te-[k]zpfaomtcg uGpd "mwk-paomokw]f zifh aemuf t-udk acsI {-udk

aCmodwkH oDvrmwd aCmoaem? bmoaem?

aum"aem? aumyaem? taUmoaem`

tm-y`
m<eH-Y aw tm0g<m-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh {-udk tm<-y`
bm0em-ponfY bma0, ygap, ygpmay-[laom "mwkypP<aemif <k-ouf`
o<eH-Y od-oa<? "mwfaemif <k-ouf? {-0k'd y? {-udk t<-y` t<-ryvif
aoeH-[k]zpf>`

|kyw
f u
G -f
apwem-Y pdw-oaOPwae? "mwfaemif wM<
d rwd<a0g 0g-]zifh <k-ouf? -udk {0k'd y? <k-udk te-y? wM<
d rawm tmypPa<m-]zifh tm-ypPn:f ouf? emrfi-hJ ponf`
bm0em-Y bma0-[laom "mwkypP<aemif <k-ouf`

250

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

|ko-a\moae? (csKyfcs<]f cif:)

a\moaem? pvaem`
uyd-pvae? (wkevf y ]f cif:)
* tkAef - ? "mwfq:kH |S?d vmbd ed[dw`f
-tuQ\m tkAeftqkH:|Sdaom"mwfrsm:Y uGpd"mwk-]zifhaomfvnf:aumif:?
ed[dwOP- ]zifah omfvnf:aumif: a|SYed[dwv
f m`
uraem?
z'd-udOpdP vae? (pOf:i<fwek vf y ]f cif:)
zNaem`
rd-blom<H? (wefqmqif]cif:)
raem`
blo-tvuFma\? (wefqmqif]cif:)
bloaem`
|kp-'dwrdW ?dS (wifwh <f,xGe:f y]cif:)
a\mpaem`
Zkw-'dwrdW ?dS (wifwh <f,xGe:f y]cif:)
aZmwaem
0-0ae?(wkd:yGm:]cif:)
0aem`

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251

}pam? }prmaem`
}p<
D awwd }p<
D rmaem? }rRrmaem? (}rf+<+rme-Y ykA| yk f y) }rsrmaem` (r, <-okuhd yf)
r[-ylZm<H? r[wDwd r[?H r[am? r[rmaem? r[D<awwd r[D<rmaem`
p\H? p\am? p\rmaem? p\D<rmaem?
b0H? b0am? tbdb0rmaem? tbdb<
l rmaem`
ZD\?H ZD\am? ZD\rmaem? ZD\<
D rmaem? ZD<?H ZD<rmaem? Zd<srmaem`
655` aoao H K rmemem`
ryD:qk:H ao:aomteufY tem}wfumvuko
d t
d yfaomf "mwfaemif H, K, rme,
tme-tm:]zifh 4-ypPn:f ouf` (wpfenf:) b0dwd-yk'u
f adk xmufI K, rme, tmetm:]zifh 3- ypPn:f ouf`
wpfenf:` ` t- rme> a|SY -a'Gabmf 0ifviaf omfvnf:aumif:?
rmeY r-ausI tme- uif:viaf omfvnf:aumif: tem}wfumvY ]zpfonf`

t, rme ypPn:f
565` 0wWrmae rmem`
ypPKyeu
f mvY rme, t-ypPn:f ouf`
* t uwWm:? rmeum:rSw?f abm, uHuwf? oufvwf yef, [dw,f vuQE`
t-ypPn:f onf uwWm:teuf, rme-ypPn:f um: abm uH uwWm:teuf ypPKyef
umvY oufonf? [dwt
f euf, vuQEteufwu
hdk v
dk nf: xGe:f ]yao:onf`
}pww
D d }p?H
|kyw
f u
G -f
uraem-udk uyd-wnf? uyd-pvae? "mwftrnfrn
S ?hf "mwGef - ukd acs? <k-ypPn:f ouf?
(uyf+<k) <k-ukd te-y? uGpd"mwk-paomokwf]zifh (wpfenf::) ed[dwOP-]zifh u-txufY
ed[dwfvm? 0-y? emrfiJh? od-ouf? jo-y`
} p-H udk }rk-}wdr?dS "mwftrnfrn
S ?hf "mwGeaf cs? t-ouf? "mwGef r-ukd p-y? emrfi?hJ
od-ouf? odrdS }pm 'DeH oa'Ng tH-]zifh -ukd tH-y? od-acs`

* H-Sihf K? rSw|f rme? aemuf tme-wnf:? wpfenf: K? Tok:H ck? oufr

ryD: tem}wf` ( H-ukd oH? K-ukd oK-[k zwf)
* rme, t? a|S u
h -0if? r-ausvi?f ]zpfpOf em}wf wpfenf:rSw`f
|kyw
f u
G -f
}prmaem-Y }rf+rme-[k]zpfaomtcg rf-udk pf-y? bl0g'dawm t-]zihf t-ypPnf: ouf?
emrfi-hJ ponf`
}pD<rmaem-Y }p+rme-[k]zpfaomtcg bm0uarRok a<m-]zifh <-ypPnf:ouf?
0m}arm 0g-]zifh T-vm? emrfiJh-ponf`
}rRrmaem-Y }rf+<+rme-[k ]zpfaomtcg <-ukd ykA|kyfy? emrfiJh-ponf`
}rsrmaem-Y }rf+rme-[k]zpfaomtcg bm0uarRok a<m-]zifh <-ypPnf:ouf? rf, <okdhuyf? emrfiJh-ponf`

252

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
}p
d ?H }p
d am? }p
d rmaem? }pmaem` (oGm:vwWHaomol)
bkO
d ?H bkO
d am? bkO
d rmaem? bkOm aem` (pm:vwWHaomol)
b0d?H b0dam? b0drmaem` (]zpfvwWHaomol)
p?H pam? prmaem? p
d ?H p
d am? p
d rmaem? pmaem`

w-ypPn:f
555` twDaw ww0Kwm0D`
twdwu
f mvY tvH:k pHak om"mwfwahdk emif w, w0K, wm0D-ypPn:f ouf`
556` bm0uarRok w`
abm, uHteufwYhdk tvH:k pHak om"mwfwahdk emif w-ypPn:f ouf`
557` Ak"}rm'dawM uwW\d`
Ak", }rk-paom"mwfaemif xdAk "k , }rk"mwfw>
hkd teufY uwWm:teuf0<f wypPn:f ouf`
* abm, uH, uwWm:? "d 4-yg:rSm? w-ouf\m? oH:k ]zm umv? wdwrf sm:pG`
* wd-ypPnf:um:? abm, xDrsm:? t]cm: \Hcgouf`
(w-]zifh w0K , wm0D-wdu
hk v
kd nf:<l)
bm0, urR, uwWK, t"du\Eom"e 4-yg:wkYhd w-ypPn:f ouf? umv 3-yg:Y
xku
d o
f ifo
h vk]d zpfonf? rsm:aomtm:]zifh twdwu
f mvYoufonf`
wd- ypPn:f um: rsm:aomtm:]zifh bm0om"eSihf wMv
d id rf mS oufonf? t]cm:
aom om"eSihf vdiw
f Yhkd vnf: \Hcgoufao:onf`
bm0om"e - XD<aw Xdw?H
urRom"e OyD<awwd Oydawm?
|kyw
f u
G -f
}p
d -H Y }rk-}wdr?dS "mwfaemif H-ypPn:f ouf? p-y? -vm? emrfi-hJ ponf`
wenf:` `
K-ypPn:f ouf? p-y? emrfi?hJ od-ouf? odrdS 0g-]zifh t-y? oa'Ng
tH-[laoma<m}0dbm}]zifh tH-y? od-acs`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f
uwWKom"e t"du\Eom"e -

253

AkwDwd Aka'g?
<mwd {wMmwd <mwH`

557` Ak"}rm'dawM uwW\d`

Ak", }rk-tp|Sad om"mwfaemif xkAd "k , }rk -tp|Sad om teufuo
dk t
d yfaomf uwWm:
teufY w-ypPn:f ouf`
576` "ba[[d "m p`
", , b, [-qH:k aom "mwfwahkd emifrS w-ukd ", -y`
611` [pwkwMmermeH a'g a"`
"-tuQ\majumihf "mwGef [-tuQ\m, pwkwu
M \Q mwku
hd dk '-y`
* "-b-[-rS? aemuf|dS w-rSe?f "-y\ef? "mwGef '-a'G: y`
"ba[[d "m p-]zifh ",b,[ aemifrS w-ypPn:f ukd "-y? [pwkwmM ermeH
a'g a"-zifh "mwGef [-Sihf pwkwu
M \Q mwku
hd dk '-y`
Ak"-t0}rae? (xkd:xGif:Iod]cif:)
AkwDwd Aka'g? orKa'g? Ak'`d
m-t0aAm"ae? (xd:k xiG :f I od]cif:) ZmemwDwd mawm? mwd`
-}wdr?dS (}wdteuf)
OaywDwd Oayawm`
|kyw
f u
G -f
Aka'g-udk Ak"-wnf? Ak"-t0}rae? "mwftrnfrn
S ?hf "mwGef t-udk acs? Ak"}rm'dawM uwW\-d
]zifh w-ypPn:f ouf? (Ak"+f w) "ba[[d "m p-]zifh w-udk "-y? (Ak"+f ") [pwkwmM ermeH a'g
a"-]zifh "mwGef "-udk '-y? emrfi-hJ ponf`
orKa'g-Y oH-ykA Ak"-"mwf, w-ypPn:f `
Ak'-d Y wM<
d rwd<a0g 0g-]zifh wd-ypPn:f ouf`
Oayawm-Y (Oy++w) y-cGi:f , acs, -udk {-to0Efy`

254

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

555` twDaw w w0K wm0D`

uk"-aumay? (trsuxf uG ]f cif:)
tukw
D d uka'g` ("ba[[d "m p? [pwkwmM e rmeH a'g
a")
0d"-wmVae? (azguxf iG :f ]cif:)
0dw
d mM wd 0da'g? (azgutf yfyD)
0d"-a0"ae? (xdk:xGif:]cif:)
yd0
d w
d mM wd yd0ad 'g`
ok"-aom"ae? (pifju<f]cif:)
tokw
D d oka'g? y\doak 'g? ok'`d
od"-oHo'd rd ?dS (yD:p:D ]cif:)
todw
D d oda'g? od'`d
A"-Aae? (aSmifzGJ]cif:)
tAdwmM wd Aa'g`
}d"-}d'drSd? (wyfruf]cif:)
t}dw
d mM wd }da'g`
"-ord'rd ?dS (]ynfph ]kH cif:)
dwmM wd a'g? orda'g? '`d
<k"-or[ma\? (]yif:pmG ykwcf wf]cif:) <kw
d mM wd <ka'g`
vb-vmab? (\]cif:)
tvbD<w
d mM wd va'g? v'`d
\b-\mba? (tm:xwk ]f cif:)
tm\bD<w
d mM wd tm\a'g`
e[-Aae? (aSmifzGJ]cif:)
e<Sw
d mM wd ea'g? oa'g? joea'g`
rk[-a0pdawW? (]yefvh iG ]hf cif:)
trk<w
DS d rka'g? (rkud rf aJ wGa0ol)
612` am uma\`
-tuQ\majumihf "mwGef [-tuQ\m, pwkwu
M \Q mwku
hd dk -y`
* -Sihf [-rS? aemuf|dS w-rSe?f -y\ef ? "mwGef -\ifaumuf`
"ba[[d "m p-]zifh w-ypPn:f ukd -y? uGpd "mwk-]zifh 0-Y 0-> t-ukd
O-yI -ukad cs? am uma\-]zifh "mwGef -ukd -y`
wpfenf:` `
* 0-'[? aemuf|dS w? wuG -a'Gabmf`
uGpd "mwk]zifh 0, '[-"mwfaemifrS w-ypPn:f ukd "mwGef iS w
hf uG -y`
0-0ae? (wkd:yGm:]cif:)
0kam`
|kyfwGuf - 0kam-Y 0+ w?
"ba[[d "m p-]zifh w-ukd -y? uGpd "mwk]zifh 0> t-ukd O-yI -ukad cs ? am uma\-]zifh -ukd -y`
(wpfenf: ) uGpd "mwk]zifh 0-"mwfaemifrS w-ypPn:f ukd "mwGef iS w
hf uG -y`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

255

'[-boRu
D \aE? (]ym]zpfatmif]yK]cif:)
'am? (avmifrdKuftyf>?)
tb0Dwd blawm? blwm? blw`H
[k-ylZm<H? (ylaZmf]cif:)
t[0Dwd [kawm? [kw0g? [kwm0D`
0o-ed0gao? (ae]cif:)
574` 0oawm OwM`
0o-"mwfaemifrS w-ypPn:f udk "mwGef iS w
hf uG OwM-y`
* 0o-aemifrS? ypPnf: w? wuG OwM-y`
t0oDwd 0kawMm? t"d0wMm a'0wm`
wpfenf:0o, oHo-"mwfaemifrS w-udk "mwGefSifhwuG wM-yvif ydkI
vG<u
f rl nf? 0kawMm-Yum: 0-> tpdwf t-udk O-y`
* 0o-oHo? "mwfaemifw? wuG wM-a'G:]yK`
oHo-yoHoae? (cs:D rrG :f ]cif:)
yoHoad wm? yoawMm`
|lyod'Yd oHo+f w? of, w-odu
hk yfI oW-udk uGpd "mwk-]zifh wM-yonf`
|kyw
f u
G -f
[kw0g-Y [k-"mwfaemif? w0K-ouf? emrfi?hJ od-ouf? tm odr-dS ]zifh 0dbwfiS hf wuG
K-udk tm-y`
[kwm0D-Y emrfi?hJ od-ouf? acs`
0kawMm-Y 0o-"mwfaemif w-ouf? 0oawm OwM-]zifh "mwGef o-Sihf wuG wudk OwM-y? (0+OwM) cGif:, acs, uyf? emrfiJh-ponf`
t"d0wMm-Y t"d-ykA 0o-"mwfaemif w-ouf? 0oawm OwM-]zifh "mwGef o-Sihf wuG
w-udk OwM-y? (t"d+0+OwM) o\avmayg-paomokwYf wk-o'Ng wm:]rpfI a|S o
h \ rausbJ
0g ya\m to|lyg-]zifh aemuf O-o\udk acs? wMD tm-ypPn:f ouf? emrfi-hJ ponf`
yoawMm-udk |lyod'-d Y y-ykA oHo-"mwfaemif w-oufI uGpd "mwk-paom okw]f zifh
oW-udk wM-yI wGuo
f nf` 0wM, ed0wM-ponf enf:wl`

256

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
575` 0 0g 0k`
w-aSmif:\mY 0o-"mwf> 0-udk O-y? wpfenf: 0-> tpdwf t-udk O-y`
* w-aSmif:wku
H ? 0o, 0-rSm? O-y\m? \Hcg tpdwf y`

wpfenf:` ` "mwftp 0-udk (okrhd [kw)f 0-> tpdwf t-udk O-y[k qdv
k if
0o-rS t]cm:aom "mwfrsm:udv
k nf: pD\ifikd o
f nf[rk w
S `f
* w-aSmif:wHu
k ? "mwf p-0-rSm? O-]yK\m? \Hcg tpdw]f yK`
0 0g 0k-]zifh w-ypPn:f aSmif:\mY 0o-"mwf>tp 0-ukd O-y? \Hcg 0->tpdwf
t-ukd O-y? t]cm:aom"mwfY uGpd "mwk-]zifh pD\if\rnf`
t0oDwd Oodawm? 0koad wm? (-tm}k]H cm:aeI OwM-ry\) 0kow
d 0g? 0kow
d m0D`
578` bkZm'Deram aem 'Gd p`
bkZ-tp|Sad om Z-um\"mwfw>
hdk "mwGeu
f akd csI w-udk a'Gabmfaqmif`
bkZ-ygvebuQem'Do?k (apmif]h cif:,pm:]cif:ponfwYhdk ) tbkOw
D d bkawWm`
<kZ-a<ma}? (<SO]f cif:)
<kawWm? or<ak wWm? a<mwW?H <kw`dW
pZ-pma}? (pGefh]cif:)
pawWm? y\dpaP wWm`
\-\ma}? (wyfpGJ]cif:)
t\ODw
d \awWm`
o-oa}F? (iduyf]cif:)
|lyg'Dok oOww
D d oawWm`
0wk-y0wWae? (]zpf]cif:)
y0awWm? y0wW`d
yw-}wdr?dS (}wdteuf)
ywwd {wMmwd yawWm?
|kyw
f u
G -f
Oodawm-Y 0o-"mwfaemif w-ouf? 0 0g 0k-]zifh 0-udk O-y? -vm? emrfihJ ponf`
0koad wm-Y 0-> tpdwf t-udk O-y`
0kow
d 0g-Y w0K-ypPn:f ? 0kow
d m0D-Y wm0D-ypPn:f `

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f
0pK-aq'ae? (]zwf]cif:)
rkp-armpae? (vGw]f cif:Y)
odp-aopae? (oGe:f avmif:]cif:)
0dp-0da0pae? (uif:qdwf]cif:)
olp-yumoae (xifpmG ]y]cif:)

257

0kawWm` (\dytf yf>)

rkawWm? yrkawWm? 0dyr ak wWm? rkw?dW 0drw
k `dW
odawWm? tbdoad wWm`
0d0ad wWm`
olapwDwd okw`HW (uGpd"mwk-]zifh \ jyK/ )

579` 0p 0g 0k`
0p-"mwf> 0-udk tcsKd O-y? "mwGeu
f akd csI w-udk a'Gabmfaqmif`
0p-0d<wW<
d H 0gpm<H? (yD]yifxif|mS :aompum:Y) 0kpaP wwd OwW?H 0kw?HW 0kw?dW ed|w
k `dW
580` }kyg'DeOP`
w-ypPn:f ajumifh }ky-paom"mwfw>
hdk "mwGeu
f akd csI w-udak 'Gabmfaqmif`
}ky-a}gyae? (apmifha|Smuf]cif:)
a}gyD<awwd }kawWm? a}gwW?H }kw`dW
0y-0yae? (pdkufysdK:]cif:)
0yawwd 0kw`HW
vky-t'ae? (r]rif]cif:)
vkya wwd vkawWm`
oky-oa<? (tdy]f cif:)
okyw
D d okawWm`
vdy-vdra e? (vdr:f us]H cif:)
vdawWm`
wy-omay? (ylavmif]cif:)
wawWm? oawWm`
'Dy-'dwrdW ?dS (xGef:y]cif:)
tm'Dy<
D w
d mM wd tm'dawWm? 'DyeH 'dw`dW
|kyw
f u
G -f
OwWH-Y 0p-"mwf+ w-ypPnf? 0p 0g 0k-]zifh 0p-> 0-udk O-y? bkZm'Deram aem 'Gd p]zifh "mwGef p-udk acsI w-a'Gabmfaqmif? emrfi-hJ ponf`
0kw
k -HW Y 0-udk O-y? 0-vm[k |lyod'Yd qdo
k nf? wpfenf:-0kow
d -Y qdck hJ yD:onft
h wdik :f
0-> tpdwf t-udk O-y`
ed|kwWd-Y (ed+0p+wd) 0-udk O-y? \f-vm? "mwGef p-udkacsI w-a'Gabmfaqmif`
tm'dawWm-Y tm+'Dy+f w? uGpd "mwk]zifh \y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

258
ty-ygykEae? (a\muf]cif:)
r'-OrRma'? (|l:oGyf]cif:)
bd'-d 0d'g\aE? (azmufc]JG cif:)
rd'-odaea[? (cspf]cif:)
ol'-y\aE? (<dpk :D ]cif:)
y'-}wdr?dS (}wdteufY)
pd-pdm<H? (uHpnf]cif:)

yykaAm? ygyD<w
d mM wd yawWm? ygykEw
D d yawWm`
rawWm? yrawWm`
bdawWm? bdw`dW
rdZw
w
D d rdawWm`
tol'w
D d okw`HW
OyawWm? Oyw?dW edyw
?dW orw`dW
pdawDwd pdw`HW

584` yUrm'D[d am p`
rum\"mwfaemifrS w-ukd -yI "mwGef r-ukv
d nf:acs`
* r-aemifrS w? y-W? acs\ a|S "mwGe`f (-ew [k zwf)
rSwcf suf`
` upPn:f usr:f Y po'Ng]zifh w-ukd d-y[kqo
dk nf? |lyod'-d Y wd-ukd dy[kqo
dk nf`okahd omf w,wd,wk,H wA-ponfwYhdk ygaom rnfonfh w-ukyd if]zpfap yvif p o'NgtpDt\ifrvkad wmh`
urk-y'0dauQay?(a]cukd txl:x:l t]ym:]ym: ypfcs]cif:Y) yUrDwd yUaWm?ouFam? eduaQ m? edu
Q `d
'rk-'rae (qHk:r]cif:)
t'rDwd 'am`
ork-Oyoar? (idr:f at:]cif:)
oam? od`
brk-te0mae? (r\yfrwnfvnf]cif:) bam? 0d ABam`

|kyw
f u
G -f
yawWm-Y y+ty+w? y-cGi:f , acs, uyf? "mwGef y-udak cs? w a'Gabmfaqmif`
edyw
-Wd Y ed+y'f+wd? a'g " p-Y p-]zifh y-ukd z-y? to'do a'Gabmfaqmif`
eduaQ m-Y a'g " p-Y p-]zifh u-udk c-y? to'do a'Gabmfaqmif`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f
udvrk-aca'? (yifyef:]cif:)
wdr-k t'Nbma0? (pdpk wG ]f cif:)
0rk-Od\aE? (axG:tef]cif:)

259

udvam`
wdam`
0am`

583` okoypouawm uQ Um p`
oko, yp, ouaemif w-ypPn:f ukd uQ, U-yI "mwGeaf cs`
p-o'Ng]zifh wdZ, rkp, Op-paom "mwfrsm:aemif w-ypPnf:ukd uQ, U-yI
"mwGeaf cs\rnf`
* p, u- aemuf w? U-]yK\? acs\ a|S "mwGef` (vuFmY U-udk u-[kzwf)
yp-ygau? (csu]f cif:,usu]f cif:)
typPw
D d yUH` (rSnahf omtoD:)
rkp-armpae? (vGwf]cif:)
jorkOw
DP d jorkUm? (cwfyD) ydrak Um` (pGyfyD)
Op-or0ga<? (aygi:f p]k cif:)
OUm` (rD:|SL:)
ou-omrawM (pGr:f eikd ]f cif:)
touQw
D d oaUm`
* wdZ-oko? |k[-aemufr?S ypPn:f w? y\ uQ-a'G "mwGeaf us`
( uQ- ukd c-[kzwf )
wdZ-edome Aecrmok? (aoG:, aSmifzJG, oD:c]H cif:) twduw
DQ d wdauQm`
oko-aomoae? (a]cmufaoG]cif:)
tokw
D d okauQm`
|k[-Zeae? (]zpf]cif:)
t|k[w
D d |kauQm`
572` omo 'doawm w \dam p`
omo, 'do-"mwfaemifrS w-ypPn:f ukd \d-y`
p-o'Ng]zifh wd-udk \d-d y? 'do-aemif udpP w-Sihf wk,H wGm-ponfukd \, \KH,
\m- y`
* omo, 'do? aemuf|dS w-ud?k \d-qd?k wd-udk \dd y`
* 'do-aemifr?S udpP w-Si?hf wk,H wGm-p wd?hk \, \KH? \m-uKH? rSww
f Hk y\rJ`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

260
omo-tkod rd ?dS (oGeof if]cif:)
'do-ayuQaE? (junf|h ] cif:)

tkomoD<w
d mM wd tkoad m? tkomoeH tkod `d
t'dw
d mM wd 'd?H 'eH 'd`d

573` om'd o ykp b[m'D

o [d am`
o-qH:k aom"mwf, ykp-"mwf, b-"mwf, [-"mwf
ponfwahdk emifrS w-ypPn:f
o
ukd "mwGef iS w
hf uG -y`
* o-Z qH:k "mwf? ykp-"mwfw?hdk aemuf\yf w-rSm? "mwGeyf g? rSepf mG -a'G:]yK`
ok-pmuDo?k (tvk|d ,dS Spof uf]cif:)
wko-yDwrd ?dS (Spof uf]cif:)
'ko-tyw
D rd ?dS ( rSpof uf]cif:)
eo-t'ae? (r]rifu<G af ysmuf]cif:)
zko-ora? (awGxh ]d cif:)
bo-bae? (avsmus]cif:)
ro-tmroae? (oH:k oyf]cif:)
'Ho-'Hoae? (uduk cf ]J cif:)
0o-aopae? (oGe:f avmif:]cif:)
uko-taUmao? (qJa\:]cif:)

{oD<w
d mM wd am? {d? y\da<d? (|SmrS:D ]cif:)
{odawm? pad wm`
wkam? oKam? wkd? oKd`
'kam`
eam? 0deam`
zkam? zkoad wm`
bam? bdawm`
y\mram? tmram`
'am? Hoad wm`
t0Dwd 0kam? 0k`d
taUmoD<w
d mwd tUKa|m/

|kyw
f u
G -f
am-Y of+w? "mwGef iS w
hf uG w-udk -y`
{odawm-Y -tm}k]H cm:aeI -ry\`
'am-Y uGp"d mwk-]zifh ed[dwaf cs`
Hoad wm-Y uGp"d mwk-]zifh '-udk -]yK`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f
0do-ya0oae? (0if]cif:)
'do-twdoZae? (w\m:ay:]cif:)
rZ-ok'rd ?dS (pifju<f]cif:)
b-t0r'Nae? (eif:e<f]cif:)
oZ-0da? (pGevhf w ]f cif:)

261

y0do<
D w
d mM wd y0dam? y0doad wm`
O'No
d <
D w
d mM wd O'Nad m`
trZw
D d ram`
bO<
D w
d mM wd bH` (eif;e,ftyfaom pyg;)
oHoam? 0doam? 0dd`

610` <Z o\da`

-tyajumihf <Z"mwf> <>tpdwf t-ukd -y`
* <Z-> t? -y\? aemufrS -\S\d m`
<Z-ylZm<H? (ylaZmf]cif:)
Zw
d mM wd <dam? <Zdawm`
ykp-ykpae? (ar:]cif:)
ykp<
D w
d mM wd ykam? ykpad wm`
[-yD
t[How
D d [am? y[am? y[Hoad wm`
o wrd dS (Spof uf]cif:)
596` }rce[e\rm'Deram`
w-ypPn:f ajumifh }r, ce, [e, \r-paom "mwfw>
hdk "mwGef r, e-udk acs`
* e, \-Sihf r? "mwGrSm? w-aSmif:\m? acsyg xdu
k o
f ifph mG `
}rk-}wdrSd? (}wdteuf) }pww
D d }awm? o\EH }pww
D d o\E}Fawm? }wd? }am`
re-aE? (od]cif:)
rnawwd rawm? rnaw rwd? ram? rd? ("mwGef e-ukd e-xyfy)
[e-[d o
H m}wDo?k (Si:f q]J cif:,}wdteufwYhdk ) [nawwd [awm? [wd? [am? [d`
wk-0dwmM a\? (csJ]cif:) wnawwd wawm? wwd? wd? owd`
<rk-Oy\ar? (juOfa|Smif]cif:) ed<awm? ed<wd? onawm?
erk-erae? (nGwf]cif:)
eawm? ewd? joEawm?(t0-ukd jo-y? e-ukd E-y) Oawm`
\rk-uDVm<H?(]rL:w:l aysmyf g:upm:]cif:) \awm? \wd? 0d\wd`
|kyw
f u
G -f
y[Hoad wm- [Eo+w? ed*[
w
d oHa,m*g'd aem-jzifh e-udk ed*[
w
d jf yK/

262

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

587` \uma\m p`
w, wd-ypPn:f ajumifh "mwGef \-udak cs`
u\D<w
d mM wd uawm? yuawm? yuwd? 0duwd`
o\-pdm<H? (uHpnf]cif:)
oawm? owd? tkwd`
b\-b\aE? (arG:]rL]cif:)
bawm? bwd`
r\-ygEpma}? (toufupdk eG ]hf cif:) rawm? rwd`
* tcsKd aom w? -y\?k Ak' ygVd avsmaf p\ef`
a'g " p-Y p-]zifh w-ukd -y`
u\-u\aE? (y]cif:)
'kauQe u\D<w
d mM wd 'kUH`
"\-"\aE? (aqmif]cif:)
O'\<
D w
d mM wd O'am`
o\-}wdr?dS (}wdteuf)
0do\Dwd 0doam` (]yefhSHh>)
b\-b\aE? (arG:]rL]cif:)
tmb\D<w
d mM wd tmbam? (aqmiftyf>)
[\-[\aE? (aqmif]cif:)
eD[\D<w
d mM wd eD[am`
594` yk\ orky y\D[d ua\mwd c c\m 0g wypPa<ok p`
w-ypPn:f , E-ypPn:f wkahd jumifh yk\, oH, Oy, y\d-wkahd emifrS u\-"mwfudk tcsK.d
c-y? c\-y`
* E, w-aSmif:u? oH-Oy-Si?hf yk\-y\d? aemuf|dS u\? c\, c? ]yK\ xdu
k o
f ifph mG `
yka\ tu\D<w
d mM wd yk\uQawm? ocFawm? tbdocFawm? 0docFawm? OyuQawm?
OyuQam? yu\D<w
d mM wd y\duaQ wm`
617` e r u \mermeH ed<kwWwrSd`
-tuQ\mSi<
hf OS o
f nfh w-ypPn:f ajumihf "mwGef e, r, u, \-wku
hd dk racs\`
* -<SOo
f nfh w? aSmif:avurl? e, r, u, \? "mwG? avmy r]zpfay`
cedawm? [edawm? orRead wm? }rdawm? \rdawm?
oud-ouFm<H? (<Hrk mS :]cif:Y) ouawm? um\dawm`

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263

577` bawm
ag p`
b-"mwfaemifrS w-ypPn:f ukd "mwGef iS w
hf uG -y`
* Z-um\? aemuf|dS w? wuG -a'G:]yK`
ag p-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh b rS t]cm:aom"mwfaemif -y` wpfenf:
p-o'Ng]zifh y`
b-t0r'Nae? (csKd :zzhJ suqf :D ]cif:) tbO<
D w
d mM wd bag` ("mwGef iS whf uG w-udk -y)
o-oa}F? (iduyf]cif:)
oHoag? 0dag? edag? yde
d ag? edd`
0dZ-oHa0a}? (xdwfvefh]cif:)
oH0ad g? OAad g`
vkZ-0demao? (ysupf :D ]cif:)
0dvak g`
rkZ-edrka? (epf]rKyf]cif:)
edrKR ag? OrRKag`
581` w\m'D[d am`
w\-paom"mwfaemifrS w-ypPn:f ukd -yI "mwGeu
f v
dk nf:acs`
* \-aemifrS w? y-? acs\ a|S "mwGe`f
w\-w\aE? (ul:a]rmuf]cif:)
wdam? OwWad m`
x\-0dwmM a\? (csJ]cif:)
0dwadM m? (]yefuh s<>f ?)
yl\-yl\aE? (]ynf]h cif:)
ykam? oHyak m?
p\-p\aE? (usifh]cif:)
pdam? tmpdam`
Z\-0a<m[medr?dS (t|G<rf <S wk ]f cif:) Zdam? y\dZad m`
ud\-0du\d aE? (juJ]zef]h cif:)
udam? yudam?oHuad m?tmudam`
wk\-a0a}? (t[ke]f zif]h zpf]cif:)
wkam`
|kyw
f u
G -f
wdam-Y w\f+w? w-udk -yI "mwGef \-udv
k nf:acs`
ykam-Y yl\+f w? 0g ya\m to|lyg-]zifh aemufo\udak cs? uGp"d mwk-]zifh \-]yK`

264

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
582` bd'g'dawm ,t,TEm 0g`
bd'-tp|Sad om "mwfaemifrS w-ukd , t, TE-yI "mwGeu
f v
dk nf:acs`
* bd'g'dr?S aemuf|dS w-rSm? , t? csKd TE? acs\ a|S "mwGe`f

-y
bd'-d 0d'g\aE? (azmufcGJ]cif:)
bdam? oHbdam` (pyfyD)
qd'-d 'G"d mu\aE? (Sp]f zm]yK]cif:)
qdam? oOdam? y\dpdam? Opdam`
erk-erae? (nGwf]cif:)
edam? (nGwuf ikd :f yD?)
o'-0do\Em}wsm0omaeok? (a|G|mS :]cif:, vm:]cif:>tqk:H wYhkd ) edoad m`
'g-'gae? (ay:]cif:)
'dam? tm'dam? Oyg'dam`
cd'-OwWmoae, 'deD bma0 0g (xdwvf ef]h cif:, yifyef:]cif: ) tcdZw
D d cdam`
t-y
o'-0do\Em}wsm0omaeok?(a|G|mS :]cif:, vm:]cif:>tqk:H wYhkd ) oam(ueH pf>?) yoam`
y'-}wdrSd? (}wdteuf)
Oyam? oram? edyam? edyam? (avsmif:puf) ydyam`
q'-tm0\aE? (zH:k vr :f ]cif:)
qam? oOam`
t'-buQaE? (pm:]cif:)
tH? (pmtyfaomxrif:)
TE-y
cD-ca<? (ukef]cif:)
cDaEm`
* [m ponfaemuf? E -uD:a\muf ? razguf ei<f]yef`
uGp"d mwk-paomokw]f zifh [m-ponfaemifrS E-ukd e-y`
[m-pma}? (pGe]hf cif:)
y[Daem`
vD-odavoae? (iduyf]cif:)
vD<w
D d vDaem? edvaD em`
'D-ca<? (uke]f cif:)
'Daem?
yD-wyae? (Spof uf]cif:)
yDaem`

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265

589` [a[d a[m [ avm 0g t'[e[meH`

'[, e[ r[kwo
f nfh [-qH:k aom "mwfaemifrS w-udk [-yI "mwGeu
f dk V-y`
* [-aemuf|dS w? [-y\? a|S[, V-y, 'DC |`
uGp"d mwk-]zifh 'DCy`
rk[-a0pdawW? (awGa0]cif:)
rlaVSm`
A[-0k'rd ?dS (wk:kd ymG :]cif:)
AmaVSm`
AsL[-pa<? (aygi:f p]k cif:)
AsLaVm? (aygif:pkyD)
|k[-Zeae? (]zpf]cif:)
tm|kaVSm? |kVSD`
}g[k-0davmVae?(ouf0ifacsmufcsm:]cif:)
}gaVm? jo}gaVm? (t0-ukd jo-y) tam}gaVm`
(t"d+t0+}[f+w`)
0[-ygyae? (a\mufap]cif:, aqmif]cif:)
0kaVSm`
}k[-oH0\aE? (apmifah |Smuf]cif:)
}lV`H
588` XmygerdT p`
w-ypPn:f ajumihf Xm, yg-"mwfw>
hdk "mwGeu
f dk tpOftwkid :f , T-y`
* w-aSmif: Xm-yg? tpdwf tm? rSepf mG , T pOfwikd :f ]yK`
Xm-}wde0d wWrd ?dS (vm:]cif:rqS wk ef pf]cif:) Xdawm? (Xm-> tm-udk -y) ywdad wm? Oydawm`
yg-ygae? (aomuf]cif:)
yDw`H (yg-> tm-udk T-y)
|kyw
f u
G -f
rlaVSm-Y (rk[+f w)[a[d a[m-paomokw]f zifh w-ukd [-yI "mwGef [-ukd V-y?
uGpd "mwk-]zifh 'DCy? V, [-okdhuyf? emrfiJh-ponf`
|kVD-Y |k[f+wd? w-ukd [-yI "mwGef [-ukd V-y? |k Vd-[k yD:aomtcg wMd TypPn:f ouf`
0kaVm-Y 0p0o0[m'Derkuma\m 0- [laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh O-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

266

585` Zem'Derm wdrSd p`

w, wd-ypPn:f aSmif:\mY Ze-paom"mwfw>
hdk "mwGef e-ukd tm-y`
Zem'Derm-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh <, em-ypPn:f aSmif:\mY tm-y`
* wk, Ze? "mwGef e-rSm? tm-y\m? <, em, w, wd-aSmif:`
Ze-Zeae? (]zpf]cif:)
Zmawm? Zmwd`("mwGef ef-udk tm-y? Z-cGi:f , acs, uyf)
* em-w-aSmif:\m? rm-> tm? rSepf mG -]yK\m`
uGp"d mwk-paomokwf uD:]zifh em,w-ypPn:f aemif:\mY rm-"mwf> tm-ukd y`
rm-rmae? (dif:csdef]cif:)

rD<awwd rdw`H

608` oAwM a} }D`

tvH:k pHak om w, wd-ypPn:f wkahd jumifh a}-"mwfudk }D-y`
* w-aSmif: a}-rSm? }D-]yK\m? Zm-[m-aemuf|,dS wd -udk ed`
Zm-"mwf, [m-"mwf aemif wd-ukd uGp"d mwk-]zifh ed-y`
a}-oa'N? (toH]yK]cif:) }Dw?H }Dw?d (a}-"mwfukd }D-y)
[m-pma}? (pGe]hf cif:)
[med`
Zm-0a<m[medr?dS (t|G<rf <S wk ]f cif:) Zmed? (qHk:|H:]cif:)
552` wd udpPmoda`
trnfuakd [m\mY awmifw
h ]cif:teufukd odtyfaomf "mwfaemif wd-ypPn:f , udwf
ypPn:f rsm: ouf\onf`
* trnfa[mvwf? awmifw
h tyf\m? "mwfaemufrmS ? oufyg wd-Sihf udw`f
|kyw
f u
G -f
}Dw-H Y a}+w? oAwM a} }D-]zifh a}-"mwfudk }D-y`
[med-Y [m+wd? uGpd "mwk-paomokw]f zifh wd-udk ed-y`
}DwH, }Dwd-Y a}+w, wd? oAwM a} }D-]zifh a}-"mwfudk }D-y`

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267

Zdaem {eH Akwlwd ZdeAk'?d "er b0wlwd "eblw?d b0wlwd blawm? "arRm
{eH ''gwlwd "rR'ad m? 0wlwd 0rmaem? eNww
l d eNaum? ZD0wlwd ZD0aum` (EGK)
596` tm}rm wkaum`
tm-a&S;&Sad om *rk"mwfaemif wku-ypn;f ouf/
* tm a&S;&Sdvwf? *rk"mwfrS? aemuf wku? bA teuf? u-ouf/
tm*p
wDwd tm*EKaum/
570` baA u`
xku
d jf cif;teuf *rk"mwfaemif u-ypn;f ouf/
*E KH baAmwd *rdaum bduK /

wGm'dypPn:f
564` ykAu
mav uuwWKumeH wkewGmewGm 0g`
wlaomuwWm:|Sad om a|Saemuf ud<mwkw
hd iG f a|Sud<mY tcsK.d wke, wGme, wGmypPn:f ouf`
* twl uwWm? a|Sud<m? oufyg wke, wGm, wGme`
* ykAm -y\? ormeSi?hf vuQE-a[wk? eufig:ck? oufr wke, wGm, wGme`
yk\ad om bkwmG (pm:yD:I) o<wd` (ykAumv)
yk\ad om 'Gg\H yd'[dwmG (ydwfyD:I) edurQ `d (ty\umv)
ol\da<m wrH [m (y<fazsmufvuf) Oa'wd` (ormeumv)
yk\ad om "rRH okwmG (jum:\onf|Sdaomf) Zmedmr` (vuQE)
yk\daom oD[H 'doGm (]rif]cif:ajumifh? t-xdka<mufsm:>) b<H Zm<aw` ([dwf)
|kyw
f u
G -f
ZdeAk'd-Y Zde-o'NLyy' Ak"-"mwfaemif wd-ouf? w-udk "-y? "mwGef "-udk '-y`
0rmaem-Y t-ypPn:f , rme-ypPn:f `

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

561` pawMok ormeuwWKauok wa0, wkH 0g`

wlaomuwWm:|So
d nfh pmteuf|u
dS ek af om "mwfw|hdk v
dS wfaomf tcsK.d wa0, wH-k
ypPn:f ouf`
pawMok ormeuwWKauok-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh wma<, wka<-ypPn:f
rsm:vnf:ouf`
562` t\[oUm'Dok p`
t\[oU-paomo'Ngwkhd |Sv
d wfaomf wH-k ypPn:f ouf`

O'No
d w
d mG ? O'No
d <
d ? O'N
d ? (ykA|kyfy) zkow
d mG ? zko<
d ? zk? ypdwmG ? ypd<? ypP? qdw
dN mG ?
qd<
dN ? qdZ? Akw
d mG ? Ak<
d ? Ak? tbdnm<? tbdnm?(<-acs) tm'd<w
d mG ? tm'g<? Oyg'd
<dwmG ? Oyg'g<? Oyg'g? orm'd<w
d mG ?orm'd<? orm'g<`

268

563` ywW0pae tvrawMok p`

tvHo'Ng> teufww
hdk iG f oifah vsmaf vsmufywfaom teufuadk [mvwfaomf
wH-k ypPn:f ouf`
* wma<-wka<? wH-k wa0-wd?hk wlav uwWm? eufpm? "mwfrmS ouf\uke`f
umwH?k umwa0? uwWma<? umwka< }pw`d (wa0wkem'Dok um]zifh um-y)
597` oaA[d wkem'DeH a<m`
tvH:k pHak om"mwfwahdk emifrS wke-paomypPn:f wku
dh dk <-y`
* wGm ponfay? <-]yKav? csKd aus tm-aemufwiG `f
tmum\ aemuf]zpfvif awok0'k -d okwf uD:]zifh tcsKd <-ukad cs`
* <-tpD\if? |kyo
f iG ]f yif? <cifqw
kd ikd :f ay`
wGm-ponfudk <-yvif <if: <-onfvnf: <-ypPn:f uJo
h yhdk if p-0}f paom
tpDt\if, ykA| yk f tpDt\ifwYhdk qkcd hJ yD:twkid :f pD\if\rnf?`
tbd0N<
d ? tbd0g'd<? 0dbZdwmG ? 0dbZd<? 0dbZ`
|kyw
f u
G -f
tbd0N<
d -Y tbd+0N+wGm-Y wGm-ukd <-y? -vm`
0dbZ-Y 0d+bZ+wGm? wGmukd <-y? <-ukd p0}fy`

cg-yuxae? (t]ym:tm:]zifh qd]k cif:)

269

ydocFg<? ydocFg`

600` r['ab[d rR <S Z AB 'g p`

rum\"mwfaemifrS wGm'dypPn:f ukd rR-yI "mwGeu
f adk cs? [um\ "mwfaemifrS
wGm'dypPnf:ukd <S-yI "mwGefukdacs? Zum\"mwfaemifrS wGm'dypPnf:ukd Z-yI
"mwGeu
f adk cs? bum\"mwfaemif wGm'dypPn:f ukd AB-y, 'g-yI "mwGeu
f v
dk nf:acs`
* r, [, '-aemuf? wGm'da\mufr?l razmuf rR, <S? Z-y\? acs\ a|S"mwGe`f
(vuFmY rR-udk r? Z-udk Z-[kzwf)
wpfenf:` ` r,[,'-wkahd emuf wGm'dypPn:f ukd <-yI r-aemif <-ukd ykA| yk f y? [aemif <-ukd a|Saemuf]yef? '-aemif <-udk p0}f Z-yvif Tokwrf |Sb
d yJ if yD:kid o
f nf`
}rk-}wdrSd? (}wdteuf)
tm}m? tm}rR`
urk-y'0dauQay? (a]cudk txl:x:l t]ym:]ym: ypfcs]cif:) edurQ w
d mG ? edurQ `R
}[-Oyg'gae? (<l]cif:) yESw
d mG ? ya[wGm? y<?S jo}a[wGm? jo}<S`
rk[-a0pdawW? (awGa0]cif:) orRK<Sw
d mG ? orRK<S`
|kyw
f u
G -f
tm}m-Y tm+}rf+wGm? "mwGef r-udk e-y`
tm}rR-Y tm+}rf+wGm-Y wGm-udk rR-yI "mwGef r-udkacs`
eduQrdwGm-Y a'g " p-Y p-]zifh ed-aemif u-udk c-y`
ya[wGm-Y y+}[f+wGm? -tm}kHvm? awok 0k'd-]zifh -tm}kHudk {-y`
orRK<SdwGm-Y oH+rk[f+wGm? '"awm a<m uGpd-Y a<muGpd[laom a<m}0dbm}]zifh <-vm? [0dy\d<a<m avm 0g-]zifh a|S ah emuf]yef? <xm}r rduma\m-]zifh -vm`

270
|k[-Zeae? (]zpf]cif:)
y'-}wdrSd? (}wdteuf)
r'-OrRma'? (|l:oGyf]cif)
yw-}wdrSd? (}wdteuf)

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
tm|k[dwGm? tm|k<S`
OyZdwGm? OyZ? OyorZdwGm? OyorZ`
yrZw
d mG ? yrZ`
edywdwmG ? edypP`

* baemif wGm'd? AB, 'g od? acsbd a|S"mwGef` (vuFmY AB-udk b? 'g-udk 'g-[kzwf)
wpfenf:` ` bum\aemif wGm'dypPn:f ukd <-yI ykA| yk f yviv
f nf: AByD:kid o
f nf? 'g-yum:- "ba[[d "m p-paomtpD\if]zifh yD:kid o
f nf`
\b-\mba? (tm:xwk ]f cif:)
tm\bdwmG ? tm\ AB? tm\'g`
vb-vmab? (\]cif:)
OyvbdwGm? OyvAB`
598` p ea[d \pPH`
pum\, eum\"mwfwahdk emifrS wke paom ypPn:f wku
hd dk \pP-y`
\pP-H [laoma<m}0dbm}]zifh t]cm:"mwfaemifvnf: \pP-y`
* p, e, \, ? aemufwGm'd? ybd \pP-om`
0dp-0da0pae? (uif:qdwf]cif:)
0d0pd ?P 0d0pd w
dP mG `
yp-ygau? (csuf]cif:, usuf]cif:)
ypP? ypPd<? ypPdwGm` (<-vm? p-0}fy)
rkp-armpae? (vGwf]cif:)
0drkpP? 0drkpPdwGm`
[e-[d o
H m}wDo?k (nSi:f q]J cif:, }wdteufwYhkd )tm[m? tm[pP? Oy[m? Oy[pP`
|kyw
f u
G -f
edypP-Y ed+yw+wGm? wGm-udk <-y? <-udk p0}fy`
0d0dpP-Y 0d+0dpf+wGm? pea[d \pPH-]zifh wGm-ukd \pP-y? \rSd \am \m'd aem-]zifh "mwGef
Siw
hf uG ypPn:f \-tkAefuadk cs? uGpd "mwk-paomokw]f zifh aemufo\ukd acs`
0d0dpPdwGm-Y 0d+0dpf+wGm? '"Eawm a,muGp-d a<muGp-d [laoma<m}0dbm} ]zifh <vm? p-0}fy? - vm`

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
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271

u\-u\aE? (y]cif:) oHyak Am-oUwGm? oUpP? t"dyak Am t"dupd ?P (-vm) u\d<`

-}wdrSd? (}wdteuf)
ydpP? ta0pP? OaypP`
oZ-oa}F? (iduyf]cif:)
tmoZ? (iduyfI)
ux-uxae? (a]ymqd]k cif:)
o[ykaAm? omup? (a]ymqkId )
599` 'domoGme oGavmayg p`
'do-"mwfaemif wGm-paomypPn:f wku
hd dk oGme,oGm-yI "mwGeu
f v
dk nf:acs`
* 'do-aemifr?S wGm'dus? oGme, oGm-ay "mwGeaf us`
wpfenf:` ` 'do-"mwfaemif wGm'dypPn:f wk>
hd w-ukad csviv
f nf: 'domG ponf yD:dik ]f cif:ajumifh <if:enf:u ydI
k vG<u
f o
l nf`
* 'do-aemufwiG ?f wGm'd]rif? w-yif ausvwf wpfenf:rSw`f
'domG ? 'domG e? ydwmG ? 'uQw
d mG ? 'awGm`
* od-"mwf aemufwmG ? <-]yK\m? -rSm tm-]zpf\`
od-"mwfaemif wGm'd-ypPn:f ukd oaA[d wkem'DeH a<m-]zifh <-y? uGpd "mwk]zifh -ukd tm-y`
edm<? Oyedm<`
|kyw
f u
G -f
ydp-P Y ywd++wGm? wGm-ukd \pP-y? "mwGef i w
hf uGypPn:f \-tkAefuadk cs? aemufto\
ukad cs? uGpd yd ywd-]zifh ywd-udk yd-y`
tmoZ-Y tm + oZf + wGm? wGm-ukd <-y? p-0}f]yK? a'Gabmfaqmif`
omup-Y o[+ uxf+wGm? awok 0k'd-]zifh o[-udkom-]yK? wGm-udk <-]yK? p0}f]yK? a'Gabmfaqmif`
'domG -udk 'do-f aemif wGm-ouf? wGm-udk oGm-yI "mwGef o-udk acs`
edm<-Y ed+ od + wGm? oaA[d wkem'DeH a<m-]zifh wGm-ukd <-y? uGpd "mwk-]zifh ukd tm-y? o-a'Gabmfaqmif`

272

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

wk-ypPn:f
* wD, "rf, om? uwfeufrmS ? owMm}dE
k :f ]y? wk-ouf\`
wDvm'Dok EDwmG 0D p-]zifh wDvpaomteufwYhdk wk-ypPn:f ouf? oAawm
EGKwGm0D 0g-]zifh uwWm:teufY wk-ypPn:f ouf? <if: wkypP<o'Ngrsm:onf owMm'd
}kE
d :f 0ifrsm: ]zpfjuonf`
619` u\ p wwWH wkodR `H
wk-ypPn:f ajumifh u\"mwf>"mwGef \f-ukd w-y`
p-o'Ng]zifh u\rSt]cm:aom b\-paom"mwfw>
hdk "mwGeu
f dk w-y`
ua\mwd oDave, "arRe, om"kum\dwm<mwd uwWm? ua\mwDwd uwWm`
b\wDwd bwWm? [\wDwd [wWm? bdw
N w
D d abwWm? qdw
N w
D d aqwWm? ''gwDwd
'gwm? 0pwDwd 0wWm? }pwd oDave, "arRe, om"kum\dwm< 0gwd }m? }pww
D }d m?
671` [em'D[d Ekw
k a0g`
[e-paom "mwfwahkd emif Ek, k, wk-ypPn:f ouf`
* [d-"m-Ze? wk-p? aemufrS wk-ypPnf:`
[d, "m, Ze, wk paom"mwfaemif wk-ypPn:f ouf`
[d-}wdr?dS (}wdteuf)
[daemwd y0wWwd {woRmwd a[wk`
"m-"m\aE? (aqmif]cif:)
twWaem obm0H "ma\wDwd "mwk`
Ze-Zeae? (]zpf]cif:)
Zm<wDwd ZK`
wk-0dwmM a\? (csJ]cif:)
waemwDwd wK`
od-Aae? (zGJ]cif:)
oD<wd A<
D wDwd aowk`
ud (uD)- Owdr?dS (]rifah rmuf]cif:)
O'H }pww
D d auwk`
0o- ed0gao? (ae]cif:)
0owd {wM zvd 0wMK`
|kyw
f u
G -f
uwWm-Y u\f+ wk? u\p wwWH wkodR -H ]zifh "mwGef \f-ukd w-y? emrfi?hJ
od-ouf? owMKydwm'Derm odoRd Hodavmayg p-]zifh tm-yI od-acs`
0wMK-Y 0o+wk? uGpd "mwk-]zifh oW-oH<kwfudk wM-y? emrfiJh od, ouf, acs`
wpfenf:-omom'D[d \wMK-]zifv
h nf: yD:dik o
f nf` (TokwfSifh rqkdif)

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273

\wMK-ypPn:f
omo-tkod rd ?dS (oGeof ifq:kH r]cif:)
566` omom'D[d \wMK`
omo, 0oponfaemifrS \wMK-ypPn:f ouf`
owMm-Y ykvid f owMm'd }kE
d :f , 0wMK-Yum: eykvid ,f \wWm'd}E
dk :f `
* omo, 0o? ponfr?S ouf\ \wMK vdi,f }dE
k :f |`
omowDwd owMm? 0owd {wMmwd 0wMK`
568` rmem'D[d \mwk`
rme-paom"mwfwahdk emif \mwk-ypPn:f ouf`
* rme, bmo? ponfr?S ouf\ \mwk }dE
k :f owMK`
rme, ylZm<H? (ylaZmf]rwf:kd ]cif:)
ykwHW rmaewDwd rmwm`
bmo-0d<wW<
d H 0gpm<H? (yD]yifxif|mS :aompum:) ykaA bmowDwd bmwm`
567` yg'dawm \dwk`
yg, "\-paom "mwfaemif \dw-k ypPn:f ouf`
* yg Sihf "\? ponfrS aemuf? \dw-k a\muf? razguf 'DC, "Dwm]y`
"Dwm-Y uGpd "mwk-]zifh 'DCy`
yg-\uQaE? (apmifah |Smuf]cif:)
ykwHW ygwd \uQww
D d ydwm`
"\-"m\aE? (aqmif]cif:)
rmwmydw[
l d "\D<wDwd "Dwm`
|kyw
f u
G -f
owMm-Y omof+\wMK? \rSd \am \m'd aem-]zifh "mwGef iS w
hf uG ypPn:f \-tkAefuakd cs?
o, cGi:f , acs? uyf? emrfi?hJ od-ouf?owMKydwm'Derm-paomokw]f zifh tm-y? od-acs`
0wMK-Y 0o+ \wMK? omom'D[d \wMK-]zifh \wMK-ypPn:f ouf? \rSd \am \m'd aem-]zifh
"mwGef iS w
hf uG ypPn:f \-tkAefuakd cs? 0-cGi:f ? acs,uyf? emrfihJ od-ouf, acs? (eykvid ,f \wWm'd}E
kd :f )
"Dwm-Y "\f+ \dw?k "mwGef iS w
hf uG ypPn:f \-tkAefuakd cs? uGpd "mwk-]zifh T-'DC-y`
upPn:f usr:f Y rmem'D[\d mwk-]zifh \mwk-ouf? uGp"d mwk]zifh tm-ukd T-yonf`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

274

558` Zdawm e oAwM`

tvk:H pkaH om umvY Zd-"mwfaemif uwWm:teufY e-ypPn:f ouf`
* oky, yV? Zd-"mwfp? aemufrS e-ouf`
Zd-Za<? (atmif]cif:)
Zdaem? Zdawm`
559` okyawm p`
oky-"mwfaemifvnf: e-ypPn:f ouf`
p-o'Ng]zifh yV-paom "mwfaemifvnf: e-ypPn:f ouf`
oky-oa<? (tdy]f cif:) okyad em`
yV-}wdrSd? (}wdteuf)
yVdaem? (ysoH mG :yD)
pd-pa<? (qnf:yl:]cif:)
pdaem? pdawm`
"l-urae? (wkevf y ]f cif:) "laem? (0g ya\m to|lyg-]zifh aemufo\udak cs) "kawm`(\y)
[k-ylZm<H? (ylaZmf]cif:) [kaem? tm[ke?H yg[ke?H (ylaZmftyf>)
vl-aq'ae? (]zwf]cif:) vlaem? (\dwf yD)

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535` bdumQ 'dawm p`

bdu-Q paom"mwfaemif wDv-paom teufY |l-ypPn:f ouf`
bdu-Q <mpae? (awmif:]cif:)
bduw
Q d oDavemwd bduKQ `
wpfenf:` ` armvmefY O-ypPn:f [kqo
kd nf? "mwGev
f nf:raus, \]zifv
h nf:ae
onfukd axmuf|v
if armvmeftqdu
k ydI
k obm0usonf`
m-t0aAm"ae? (xd:k xiG :f Iod]cif:) oAH ZmemwDwd oAn?l "rRn?l rwWn?l uwnl? twMn?l
umvnl`

EkypPn:f
650` umav 0wWrmemwDaw EGm'a<m`
ypPKyev
f nf:]zpf, twdwv
f nf:]zpfaom umvuko
d t
d yfaom Ek-paomypPn:f
ouf`

* wD, "rf, om? uwfeufrmS ? oufyg |l, Ek, OD, El, O`

wDvpaomteufYvnf:aumif:? uwWm:teufYvnf:aumif: |l, Ek, OypPn:f ouf`
|l-ypPn:f
534` yg\m'd}rdrSm |l`
yg\-ponf a|S |h adS om }rk-"mwfaemif wDv-paom teufY |l-ypPn:f ouf`
yg\H }pww
D d yg\}l? t}l? t'}?l a0'}l? oDw}l`

tm'do'Ng]zifh <k, rd, uW-ypPn:f rsm:ouf`

u\- u\aE? (y]cif:)
ua\mwDwd um|k`
0g- }wd }aeok? (vm:]cif:, teHwh Yhkd ) 0g<wDwd 0g<k`
o'- tm'ae? (om<m]cif:)
tm'D<wDwd om'k`
- }wdrSd? (}wdteuf)
{d }pd y0wWd owWm {awemwd tm<k`
'\- 0d'g\aE? (azmufc]JG cif:)
'\D<wDwd 'g|k`
ok- 'gae? (ay:]cif:)
oaemwDwd omk`
Ze- Zeae? (]zpf]cif:)
ZeD<wDwd Zmk`
p\-}wdr?dS (}wdteuf)
p\D<wDwd pm|k`(Spof ufb<G tf m:]zif]h zpfwwf>)

|kyw
f u
G -f

|kyw
f u
G -f

Zdaem-Y Zd+e? cGi:f , acs, uyf? emrfi-hJ ponf`

"laem-ponfY 0g ya\m to|lyg-]zifh aemuf -o\udk acs`
yg\}l-Y yg\+}rf+|l? "mwGef iS w
hf uG ypPn:f \-tkAefukd acs`

275

bduKQ -Y \rSd \am \m'd aem-]zifh ypPn:f \-tkAefuakd cs? uGpd "mwk-]zifh \y`
oAnL-Y oA++|l? a'Gabmfaqmif`
um|k-Y u\f+Ek? um|dw
k if ?hJ E-tkAefacs? 0k'd y`
0g<k-Y 0g+Ek? tmum\merma<m-]zifh tm<-y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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\[- pma}?(pGe]hf cif:)

\[D<wDwd \m[k`
w\-w\aE? (vGeaf ]rmuf]cif:)
w\d taee 0mwd wmvk`
wpfenf:` ` armvmefY wv-ywdm<H? (wnf]cif:) wvd ywd[d {wM 'mwd wmvk`

El-ypPn:f

276

O-ypPn:f
armvmeftqdo
k v
hkd u
kd I
f O-ypPn:f qdo
k nf? |lyod'Yd um: Ek-ypPn:f [k qdo
k nf`
bdu-Q <mpae? (awmif:]cif:) bduw
Q d oDavemwd bduKQ ` (upPn:f Y |l-ypPn:f [k qkod nf)
wpfenf:` `uQ-'eauFo?k (junf|h KS ]cif:, trSw]f yK]cif:) b<H uQwd oDavemwd bduKQ `
y-}wdr?dS (}wdteuf)
ywd oDavemwd yK`
r\-ygEpma}? (toufupdk eG ]hf cif:,ao]cif:) r\wd oDavemwd r|k`
om"-oHo'd rd ?dS (aumif:pmG yD:]cif:)
twWwM y\wMH oma"wDwd om"k`
'd-y\rd\da<? (tpdk : \]cif:)
Nwd y\rd\d<H ua\mwDwd NK`
re-aE? (od]cif:)
rewd ZmemwDwd rk`
puQ-'ae? (]rif]cif:)
puQww
D d puQK`
A-Aae? (aSifzGJ.]cif:)
Aww
D d AK`
ud-aq'ae? (]zwf]cif:)
uwDwd uK`

OD-ypPn:f
0d'-aE? (od]cif:)

0d'wDwd 0d'?l avmu0d'`l (upPn:f Y ud-G ypPn:f ? OD-vm[kqodk nf)

|kyw
f u
G -f
wmvk-Y w\f+Ek? uGpd "mwk-]zifh \-ukd v-y`
bduKQ -Y bdu+Q O`
wpfenf:` ` b<-o'NLyy' uQ+O-Y awok 0k'-d ]zifh <-acs? b-cGi:f , acs, uyf`
NK-Y 'd+O? uGpd "mwk-paomokw]f zifh ed[dwv
f m? 0*Ej yK/

277

b-bOae?
D d yb}F`l (ysufpD:wwfaomw\m:)
(zsuqf :D ]cif:) ybww
530` uGd p`
tvH:k pHak om"mwfwahdk emif ud-G ypPn:f ouf`
615` "mwG avmayg uGdrSd`
uG-d ypPn:f ajumihf "mwGeu
f adk cs`
639` uGd avmayg p`
ud-G ypPn:f ukad cs`
* "mwf> aemufay? uG-d oufav? ausap uGyd g "mwGeyf g`
}pww
D d a}g`
bkaZe }pww
D d bkZa}g? ac }pww
D d ca}g? e }pww
D d ea}g? ta}g? a0[m<ao
}pww
D d 0d[a}Fg? 0d[a}g`
ck-t0"m\aE? (wl:zKd]cif:)
oH ykaAm? oHcewDwd oacFg`
\rk-uDVm<H? (]rL:w:l aysmyf g:upm:]cif:) ukaO \rwDwd ukOa \m`
|kyw
f u
G -f
yb}Fl-Y y-ykA b-"mwfaemif umav 0wWrmemwDaw EGm'a<m-]zifh El-ouf?
um|dw
k rf n
S ?hf E-tkAefacs? ed[Dw oHa<m}g'd aem-]zifh oH<w
k f tp, e-udk ed[dwf y? u}g
pZmeH-]zifh Z-udk }-y? 0-y? emrfiJh-ponf`
a}g-Y }rk-}wdrSd? "mwfaemif uGd p-]zifh uGd-ouf? "mwG avmayg udGrSd-]zifh "mwGef
rf-ukdacs? uGd avmayg p-]zifh uGd-ukdacs? emrfiJh? od-ouf? jo-y`
ta}g-Y }rk-"mwfaemif uG-d ouf? "mwGef r-udak cs? uG-d acs? twWH e wyK\dao-Y
twWH e-[laom a<m}0dbm}]zihf e-udk t-y`
0d[a}Fg-Y awok 0k'-d ]zifh a0[m<o-udk 0d[-H ]yK? 0d[-]yKvif 0d[a}g[k ]zpf>`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

278
Ze-Zeae? (]zpf]cif:)

urRawm Zm<wDwd urRZ?H pdwZW ?H OwkZ?H tm[m\ZH?

'Gu
d w
Q KHW Zm<wDwd 'Gad Zm`

0d'-aE? (od]cif:)
616` 0d'a OD`
ud-G ypPn:f ajumihf 0d'-"mwf>tqH:k Y OD-tuQ\mvm`
avmuH ta0'Dwd avmu0d'`l
* wpfv:kH "mwfaemuf? uG-d viaf \muf? ausaysmuf uGd xnf:om`
bl-paom {uo\"mwfaemif uG-d ypPn:f oufvsiu
f m:- "mwGerf ausyJ uG-d ypPn:f
omausonf`
bl-owWm<H? (xifpmG ]zpf]cif:) b0wd {wMmwd bl? o0wDwd orBL? o<H b0wDwd o<L?
0db?l tbdb`l
"l-urae? (wkevf y ]f cif:) oH"ek mwDwd oL`
bm-'dw<
dW ?H (xGe:f y]cif:) 0daoaoe bmwDwd 0dbm? ybm? o[ o}FrR 0g bd, bmod
0g {wMmwd obm`
yg-ygae? (aomuf]cif:)
yuma\e yd0wd {wMmwd yyg` (y+yg+uGd)
rm-rmae? (]rwfkd:]cif:)
OyrD<aw {wm<mwd Oyrm` (Oy+rm+uG)d
Zd-Za<? (atmif]cif:)
rm\H ZdemwDwd rm\Zd` (rm\ o'NLyy' Zd+uGd)
eD-ea<? (aqmif]cif:)
aoeH aewDwd aoemeD`
|kyw
f u
G -f
avmu0d'l-Y avmu+0d'f+udG? 0d'a OD-]zifh OD-vm? uGd-acs? emrfiJh? od-ouf? acs`
bl-Y bl+uGd? uGd avmayg p-]zifh uGd-udk acs? emrfiJh? od-ouf? acs`
obm-Y o[+bm+uG?d awok0'k -d ]zifh o[-udk o-]yK`
wpfenf:` ` oH+bm+uGd awok0'k -d ]zifh ed[dwf udak cs`

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279

'do-yuQae? (junfh|]cif:)
642` <wrud{omeroa\m 'DCH uGpd 'do }kEH a'g \H ouQD p`
uG-d ypPn:f ajumihf 'do-"mwf>}kE]f zpfuek af om , <, w, r, ud, {o, oo'Ngwd>
hk tqH:k o\-ukd 'DCy? tcsKd t\mY '-ukd \-y? "mwGeo
f -ukv
d nf: o-y, uQy, T-y`
p-o'Ng]zifh wkr-S paom Oyy't\mYvnf: pD\ifao:onf`
wpfenf:` ` Tokwt
f qko
d nf |yaf xG:vSonf? xkahd jumifh |kyf yD:vG<af p\ef
Tqkv
d wWH twkid :f vnf: |kyf yD:dik o
f nf`
uG-d ypPn:f aSmif:\mY 'do-a|SY\Sad om <, w, {w, r, trS, orme, ud H
o'Ngwku
hd dk tpOftwkid :f <m, wm, {, T, rm, om, uD-y`
* uGd ypP<? aSmif:avurl? 'do-a|Sr?S <-aww Si?hf r-trS? ormeyg?
ud o
H 'Ngwd?hk <m - wm - { - T? rm-om-uD? tnD pOfwidk :f ]yK`
a<m 0d< 'dwDwd <m'daom?(<+'do+uG-d Y <-ukd <m-y? uG-d ukad cs) wm'daom? {'daom?
T'daom? rm'daom? om'daom? o'daom?(orme-ukd o-y) uD'ad om`
|kyw
f u
G -f
<m'daom-ponfukd <, w, {w, r, trS, o'do, ud -H o'NLy y' 'do-ayuQaE?
"mwfaemif udG p-]zifh uG-d ouf? <wrud-paomokw]f zifh r-udk ? trS-udk r? o'do-udk
o? ud H-udk ud-y, 'DCyI of-udk of-xyfy? udGavmayg p-]zifh uGd-acs? emrfiJh-ponf`
wpfenf:` ` <m'daom-ponfukd <, w, {w, r, trS, o'do, ud -H o'NLy y'
'do-ayuQaE? "mwfaemif udG p-]zifh uG-d ouf? <, w, {w, r, trS, o'do, ud -H o'Ngwdu
hk kd
tpOftwdik :f <m, wm, {, T, rm, om, uD-y? uG-d udak cs? emrfi-hJ ponf`

280

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

* yk'af emif 'do? '-udk \ Si?hf qH:k o-uQ a'G? o-udak cs? raoG 'DC-]yK`
<-paomyk'af emifrS 'do-> '-ukd \-y? o-ukd uQ-y? tcsKd o-ukd acsI 'd> -ukd 'DCy`
<m\daom? <m'dauQm? <m\dauQm?
wm\daom? wm'dauQm? wm\dauQm?
{\daom? {'dauQm? {\dauQm?
T\daom? T'dauQm? T\dauQm?
rm\daom? rm'dauQm? rm\dauQm?
om\daom? om'dauQm? om\dauQm?
uD\ad om? uD'ad uQm? uD\ad uQm?
<m'D? wm'D? {'D? T'D? rm'D? om'D? o'D? uD'`D

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281

531` "\m'D[d \arRm`

"\-paom"mwfwahdk emif \rR-ypPn:f ouf`
* "\, 0\, p\-p]zm? "mwfaemufrmS ? oufyg \rRwnf:`
"\-"m\aE? (aqmif]cif:) "\wd "ma\wDwd 0g "arRm? u\D<awwd urR`H
0\-0\aE? (wm:]rpf]cif:) 0\D<aw taeemwd 0rR?H 0ga\wDwd 0g 0rR`H
p\-buQaE? (pm:]cif:) p\D<aw buQ<
D aw okeac[Dwd prR`H
551` onm<H 'g"mawm `
trnfonmukd a[m\mY 'g-"mwf, "m-"mwfaemif -ypPn:f ouf`
* 'g, "maemifr?S onm]y? ouf\ -ypPn:f `
'g-'gae? (ay:]cif:)
yxrH tm'D<awwd tm'd? Oyg'd`
"m-"m\aE? (aqmif]cif:) 0d"<
D awwd 0d"?d orm"d? o?d 0D[?d

538` oH [enm<0ga\m aCm`

oH a|S:|Sad om [e-"mwfiS hf t]cm:aom"mwfwahdk emif \-ypPn:f oufI [e-"mwf
ukv
d nf: C-y`
* [em'd-rS? ypPn:f \? [-udk C-vnf:]yK`
[e-[d Hom}wDok? (S i f : qJ ] cif : }wd t euf )oH [ ewD w d oH a Cm? yd a Cm?
joaCm?(t0+[e+\) rmwdaCm? ydwad Cm? 0daoaoe tm[ewDwd Asag? oukaE
tm[ewDwd oukEag? tH ua\mwDwd taum?(t+u\f+\) \oaum? y\dorawm
cnawwd y\dcg? (y\d+cef+\? wMD tm-ypPn:f )

669` rkem'D[d pd`

rke-paom"mwfwahkd emif -ypPn:f ouf`
* rke, <w? t-p]zm? "mwfaemufrmS ? oufyg -ypPn:f `
rke-aE? (od]cif:)
rkemwDwd rke`d
<w-<wae? (tm:xwk ]f cif:)
<wwDwd <wd`
t-}wdaumdav? (aumufwuspof mG :]cif:) twd ukad vm [kwmG }pww
D d td`
Zkw-'dwrdW ?dS (xGe:f y]cif:)
aZmw<wDwd Zkw?d aZmwd`

|kyw
f u
G -f

|kyw
f u
G -f

oHaCm-Y oH+[e+\? "mwGef iS w

hf uG ypPn:f \tkAefuadk cs? [-ukd vnf: C-y`
rmwdaCm-Y rmwk+[e+\? ydwm'De rodr-dS Y todro
dS 'Ngyk]d zifh O-ukd -y`
Asag-Y 0d+tm+[ef+\? "mwGef iS w
hf uG ypPn:f \-tkAefuadk cs? [e-ukd vnf: C-y`
-ukd <-y? 0-ukd A-y? to'doa'Gabmfvm? \y`

"arRm-Y "\+\rR? "mwGef iS w

hf uG ypPn:f \-tkAefuadk cs`
tm'd-Y tm+'g+`
0D[-d Y 0d+"m+? uGpd "mwk-]zifh "-udk [-]yK? awok0'k -d ]zifh 0d-> -ukd 'DC-]yK`
rke-d Y rke+? tanok p-Y t"dum\0go'Ngajumifh 0k'rd y\`

282

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

Ak"-aE? (od]cif:)
AkwDwd aAm"d`
uyd-udOpdP vae? (pOf:i<fwek vf y ]f cif:) urww
D d uyd`
oy-}wdr?dS (}wdteuf)
oywd }pwd y0wWww
D d oyd`
o-y\da<oae? (|SmrS:D ]cif:)
oDvm'd}ak E {owDwd od`
uk-oa'N? (toHy]cif:)
u0wd uaxwDwd u0d`
627` csm'D[d ref rpawm 0g`
cD-ponfaemif ref-ypPn:f ouf? t'-aemifrS r-ukd w-y`
uGp"d mwk-]zifh e-tkAefuadk cs`
* cD-p-aemuf ref? e- aus]yef? wpfzef t' aemuf r-w`
cD-ca<? (ukef]cif:)
cD<d {wMmwd acarm`
bD-ba<? (ajumuf]cif:)
bm<d {woRmwd bDarm`
ok-tbda0? (<dpk :D ]cif:)
o0wDwd aomarm`
|k-}wdrSd? (}wdteuf)
\0wDwd a\marm`
t'-buQaE? (cJpm:]cif:)
t'wDwd twWm? tmwkrm`
[k-ylZm<H? (ylaZmf]cif:)
[l<awwd a[marm`
"l-urae? (wkevf y ]f cif:)
"kemwDwd "larm`
[d-}wdr?dS (}wdteuf)
[daemwDwd a[arm??
0g-}wd }aeok? (vm:]cif:,teHwYhdk ) 0gwd }pwd y0wWww
D d 0garm`
|kyw
f u
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284

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293

292` 0daooae p`
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295

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298

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299

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303

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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315

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405` t<k0meOP a<m 0k'd`
t-ukd tm0k'?d , T-ukd {-0k'?d O, OD-udk jo-0k'd y`
* t-uku
d m:- tm? -TrSm {? O-ODa'G:? ya\: jo-0k'`d

0od typPH 0godam? 0god?D 0god`H

bm\'GgZ typPH bm\'Ggh aZm? (bm\'GgZ+E) a0omrdw
W typPH a0omrdawWm?
a}gwr typPH a}gwarm? (T]y<k}wf Yhdk yifu<dk 0f 'k ]d zpf]cif:ajumifh 0k'rd y\)
0oka'0 typPH 0goka'a0g? Amva'a0g?
pdwWu typPH pdwWaum? (oH<k}faESmif:aomajumifh 0k'dry\)
|kyw
f u
G -f
0godam-ukd 0od-o'Ng, typP-o'Ngwnf? (0gus]zpf atmif emrf|kyfpD\ifI) 0od
typP-H [laomteufY 0g EyapP-]zifh E-ouf? awoH 0dbwWad <m avmyg p-Y awoH-o'Ng
]zifh w'dwf> 0dbwfwkdhSifh typP o'Ngukdacs? yuwdp o\-]zifh 0od-[k yuwdy?
(0od+E) awoH aEm avmyH-]zifh E-tkAefuadk cs? 0k'g 'do\ 0g oHa<m} oaE p]zifh tp t-ukd tm-0k'd y? o\avmayg paomokwf ]zifh a\So\ukd acsI aemuf t-ukd t-[k
yuwdy? ea< y\H <kawW -]zifh f- t-oku
hd yf? w'w
d paomokwf ]zifh emrfuu
dk o
hJ ihdk ?hJ od-ouf?
jo-y? 0godam-yD:>`
eykvdif 0god-H ukd ykvid t
f wkid :f emrfio
hJ nfwidk af tmifp\D ifI od-ouf? tH-y`
wMdvdif 0godD- ukd 0od-wnf ponf]zifh emrfriJrh w
D idk af tmif pD\if I
E0EduaE<sEK[d-]zifh T-ypPn:f ouf? cGi:f ? acs? uyf? w'w
d - paom okwYf p-o'Ng]zifh
emrfiJh? od-ouf? acs`
rSwcf su`f
` aemufaemuf |kyw
f Yhkd 0gusyvkyrf ? awoH-o'Ng]zifh acsr? yuwdyrwu
hkd kd
]yawmhrnf r[kw?f yk'f iS hf ypPn:f wGpJ yfI |kyf yD:yku
H o
kd m ]yawmhrnf`
0od-yk'f? E-ypPnf:? typP-teuf-ponf]zifh yk'f, ypPnf:, teuf T 3-csuf cGJwwf
atmifom avhusiahf y:yg`

t|Siw
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337

rkaem typPH rmkaom`

Em<e,Eme-ypPn:f
345` Em<e Eme 0pm'dawm`
typPteufY 0p-paom q|d,Ey'k af emif Em<e, Eme-ypPn:f ouf`
0p typPH 0pm<aem? (0p+Em<e) 0pmaem` (0p+Eme)
upPtypPH upPm<aem?upPmaem`armv typPH armvm<aem?
armvmaem` uESm<aem? uESmaem`
aE<s-ypPn:f
346` aEa<sm uwWu
d m'D[`d
typPteufY uwWu
d m-paom wMv
d id af [mo'Ngaemif aE<s-ypPn:f ouf`
uwWu
d m< typPH uwWad ua<sm? (uwWdum+aE<s) 0dewm< typPH a0eawa<sm?
(-ukd {-0k'dy) a\m[de<
d m typPH a\m[daea<sm? }}Fg< typPH }a}Fa<sm? b}de<
d m typPH
bm}daea<sm`okp<
d m typPH aomapa<sm? Amvm< typPH Amava<sm`
Ed, Edu, Es-ypPn:f
347` tawm Ed 0g`
typPteufY tum\o'Ngaemif Ed-ypPn:f ouf`
0g-o'Ng]zifh typPteufY Edu-ypPn:f , t'dwpd onfaemif Es-ypPn:f ouf`
'uQ typPH 'uQ?d ('uQ+Ed) ousyw
k
W typPH ousyw
k ?dW Ava'0 typPH
Amva'0d? Zde'wW typPH aZe'wW?d oka'g'ed? tk|'k `d
|kyw
f u
G -f
rmkaom-Y (rk+E) E-tkAefacs? 0k'dy? o oa\ 0g }arm-Y tm'do'Ng]zifh
(upPn:f tvd)k wenf:- 0g-o'Ng]zifh (|ltvdk) ypPnf:aSmif: \mY o-vm? emrfiJh, od-ouf? jo-y`
0pm<aem, 0pmaem-Y 0p-wnf? Em<e, Eme-ouf? E-tkAefacs? cGi:f , acs, uyf?
emrfi-hJ ponf`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
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Edu-ypPn:f
ousyw
k
W typPH ousyw
k adW um? (ousywk +W Edu) ousyw
k adW <m? 0drmwk<m typPH
a0rmwdaum`
Es-ypPn:f
t'dw<
d m typPH tm'dapPm? 'dw<
d m typPH a'apPm` uked<m typPH aumanm?
uk|ak em typPH aum\aAsm? bmwkaem typPH bmwaAsm`
E0-ypPn:f
348` Ea0g y}Gg'D[d`
typPteufY Oy}k-paomo'Ngaemif E0-ypPn:f ouf`
Oy}k typPH joy}a0g? (Oy}k+E0) bKaem typPH ba0g?yKaem typPH ya0g`
aE\-ypPn:f
349` aE\ 0d"0g'dawm`
typPteufY 0d"0g-paomo'Ngaemif aE\-ypPn:f ouf`
0d"0g< typPH a0"a0a\m ? (0d"0g+aE\) orE typPH omraEa\m? emVdaua\m`

oHom'dtaeuwMw'w
d f

338

typPw'w
d f yD:>`
|kyw
f u
G -f
ousyw
k adW <m-Y awok0'k -d ]zifh u-ukd <-y`
tm'dapPm-Y t'dw-d yk'af emif Es-ouf? E-tkAefacs? tm0k'd y? t0am a< avmyOPY p-]zifh t'dw-d > tqk:H -ukad cs? <0wH-paom okw]f zif w
h s-ukd p-y? a'Gabmfaqmif?emrfi-hJ
ponf`
aumanm-Y ukeD+Es? E-tkAefuadk cs? awok 0k'-d ]zifh oH<}k f aSmif:aomfvnf:
0k'dy? t0am a< avmyOP-Y p-]zifh T-ukdacs? s-udk -y? a'Gabmfaqmif? emrfiJh-ponf`
aum\aAsm-Y uk|k-yk'faemif Es-ouf? E-tkAefacs? 0k'dy? awok 0k'd-]zifh O-ukd t0-y?
0, <-okdhuyf? a'g " p-Y p-]zif h0-ukd A-y? emrfiJh-ponf`
joy}a0g-Y Oy}k-yk'faemif E0-ouf? E-tkAefacs? 0k'dy? cGif:, acs, uyf? emrfiJhponf`

339

350` a<e 0g oHoH, w\wd, p\wd, 0[wd Edaum`

oHo,w\wd,p\wd,0[wdteufY wwd<vdipf onfaemif
EduypPn:f ouf`
0g-o'Ng]zifh t]cm:aomteufYvnf: Edu-ouf`
* oHo Si?hf w\wd-p? teuf]y? Edu- wwd<vdif ponfaemifouf`
wdave oHoH awvdu?H abmZeH` awvdu?D <m}k` awvdaum? jo'aem`
}kaVe, (Cawe, '"dem, r\Dped m, avmaEe) oHoH a}gVdu?H Cmwdu?H 'g"du?H rm\Dpu
d ?H
avmEdu`H
em0g<, (OVKare, ukave) w\wDwd em0daum? joVKrdaum? OVKrdaum?
ukvad um`
ouae, (ya'e, 'ae) p\wDwd omudaum? yg'daum? 'daum? "arRe
p\wd y0wWww
D d "rRad um`
oDaoe, (tHaoe, cae, t}kv
<
d m) 0[wDwd oDoad um? (0k'd ry) tHoad um?
cad um? t}kv
ad um`
y\'g\H }pww
D d yg\'g\daum? yxH }pww
D d yxdaum`

|kyw
f u
G -f
awvduH-udk wdv+oHo-o'Ngwnf? wdave oHoH-teuf Y a<e 0g oHoH-

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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351` wr"Daw awe uwm'd od"me eda<m} ody b ZD0duawMok p`

t"Daw, uw, od"me, eda<m}, ody, b, ZD0u
d - paom teufY Edu
ypPn:f ouf`
tm'd-o'Ng]zifh t]cm:teufwYhkd vnf: Edu-ouf`
* t"Daw, uw? eda<m}, od? ZD0,d o yd ? b p? ouf\ Eduyif`
0de<H t"Daw a0e<daum? (0de<+Edu) okw
W ad um? tmbd"rRad um`

ed<w
k t
W euf- 'Gga\ ed<ak wWm a'g0g\daum? bm}ga\ ed<ak wWm bm}g\daum?
apwod ed<w
k mW apwodum`
odyt
euf- 0DEm t odyH a0Edaum`
bteuf- }am t bd }ad um? awvdaum`
ZD0wdteuf- O\ ABH [m ZD0wDwd jo\ ABad um? r}H [m ZD0wDwd rm}0daum? (awok
0k'-d ]zifh 0-vm) olu\daum? omukEad um`
[w, A'teufZmave [awm Zmvdaum? okawWe Aa'g (Aam) okwadW um`
uDw, 'dAw
t
d euf- 0awMe uDwH bH 0wMu
d `H tauQe 'dAw
w
D d tuQad um`
tm0k", tmAm"teuf- pmayg t tm0ka"mwd pmydaum? 0gawm t tmAma"mwd
0gwdaum`
yo, outeuf- Aka' yoam Ak'ad um? Ak'
oaum Ak'ad um`
y\drmE, \mod, t\[wdteuf- ukarBm t y\drmEd ukru
dB ?H uk rB \mod uk rBd
aum? uk rBH t\[wDwd ukradB um`
t\[wdteufoNd H t\[wDwd odN ad um? {[d ymwd rH 0d"d H t\[
wDwd {[dydaum`
oDv, Zmw, 0owdteuf- yHou
k v
l H oDvH tmwd yHou
k v
l ad um? tyga< Zmawm
tmyg<daum? \mZ}a[ Zmawm \mZ}[daum? \mZ}a[ 0owDwd \mZ}[daum`
tm}w-paomteuf- rmwdawm tm}wH rmwdu?H rmwdawm orBLwH rwWu
d ?H Oy"d
w ya<mZeH joy"dw`H
ouwfteuf tocFga\ma<0 tocFg\du`H

340

401` rm<lerm}arm Xmae`

oifah vsm\f mXmeY EtkAef|adS omypPn:f ajumifh oH<}k t
f qk:H r|Su
d ek af om , O
wku
hd dk 0k'rd ybJ xk0d 'k d y\rnft
h \mY {-0k',d jo-0k'v
d m`
* , O um\d<? <, 0-a\SrmS ? {, jo-vm? rSepf mG rSwu
f ek jf u`
, O-wku
hd dk <, 0-yxm:]cif:ajumifh 0k'rd yyJ <if: <, 0-wk>
hd a\SY {, jo-0k'd
vm\onf`
Asmu\EH t"Daw a0<smu\Edaum? sm<H t"Daw ae<sm<daum? uma<e
uwH urRH um<du?H 0pom uwH urRH 0gpodu?H rmeodu?H yOPoaw[d uwm o}wd
yOPowdum`
o\Da\ od"mem a0'em om\D\u
d m? rmeodum`
|kyw
f u
G -f
a0<smu\Edaum-udk 0d+tmu\E, ae<sm<daum-udk ed+tm<-[kwnf? wr"Daw
paomokwf ]zifh Edu-ouf? E-tkAef ukad cs? 0am <H e0g-]zifh 0d, ed-wk>
hd -ukd <-y?
rm<lerm}arm Xmae-]zifh <-a\SY {-0k'dvm? 0f, {-okdhuyf? ef, {-odkhuyf? emrfiJh? od-ouf? jo-y?
a0<smu\Edaum, ae<sm<daum-yD:>`
0gpodu-H udk 0p, rmeodu-H udk re-wnf? Edu-ouf? E-tkAefacs? 0k'd y? o oa\
0g }arm-Y 0g-]zifh ypPnf:ajumifh o-vm? emrfiJh-ponf`

341

|kyw
f u
G -f
a'g0g\daum-udk 'k+tm\-wnf? Edu-ouf? E-tkAefacs? 0arm'k 'meH-]zifh 'k->
O-ukd 0-y? rm<lerm}arm Xmae-]zifh O-ukd 0-yyD:]zpfI 0k'dryyJ 0->a\SY jo-0k'dvm? 'f, joodu
hk yf? 0f, tm-odu
hk yf? emrfi-hJ ponf`

342

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
352` E \m}gwa 'rnawMok p`
\wW-teuf, t]cm:aomteufwYhdk E-ypPn:f ouf`
p-o'Ng]zifh Zmw, 0owd, [dw, t\[wd paomteufwYhdk aE<s-ypPn:f ouf`
* \wW, 'H? wpfzef b0? ed0go-pGu?f ponfeuf pcf suf E,aE<s`
\wW, 'H, b0, ed0go-paomteufwYhdk E-iahf E<s-ypPn:f ouf`

uoma0e \wWH 0wMH umom0H? uoma<e \wWH umom<H? ukoak rBe \wWH aumok
rB?H [vd'<
dN m \wWH [mvd'?HN eDave \wWH eDv`H
r[do
H
'H rm[d o
H ?H olu\ 'H olu\H, aomu\H 0g? ok}w 'H
aom}wH`
402` tmwWO`P
oifah vsm\f mXmeY E-tkAef|adS omypPn:f ajumifh tp , O-wku
hd dk tm-yI \dvnf:vm`
* tp , O? E-aemif:r? tm-y, \d-vnf:vm`
od 'H tm\do?H (tm\dos)H `
rSwcf suf`
`bm0w'w
d f Es-ypPn:f ]zifo
h m tm\dos-H [k |Sd ikd o
f nf? E-ypPn:f ]zifu
h m:
tm\do-H [kom |S\d rnf? E-ypPn:f ]zifh tm\dos-H |So
d nfum: ygXfysu[
f k
qdk juonf? tm\do+d t-Y 0am <H e0g-]zifh <-yvif tm\dos-H
vnf:oifh ikd o
f nf? bm0w'w
d cf ef: E 0dorm'D[-d okwYf vnf: junfah v`
Oob 'H tmobH` (tp O-udk tm-y) tmobD 0gpm`
|kyw
f u
G -f
tm\do-H Y od-aemif E-ouf? E-tkAefacs? tmwWO-P ]zifh tp -udk tm-yI \dvnf:vm? o, cGi:f , acs, uyf? tm\do-H yD:>`
tmobH-Y Oob-aemif E-ouf? E-tkAefacs? tmwWO-P ]zifh tm-y`

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343

E \m}g wa'rnawMok p-Y tnwMt\ t]cm:aom teufrsm:rSmreod b0H rmeoH okc?H (o-vm) O\od ba0g ykawWm jo\aom` rdawW b0g
arwWm? yka\ b0g 0gpm ayg\D`
o\a' Zmawm rmaom om\a'g? rxk\m<H Zmawm rmxka\m? rmxk\aum? (oAawm
aum-Y oAawm-o'Ng]zifh u-vm) \mZ}a[ Zmawm \mZ}a[m? \mZ}[m tm}awm \mZ}a[m?
\mZ}a[m t ed0gaomwd \mZ}a[m? \mZ}[ a\mwd \mZ}a[m` {0H
a0\aOm? a0omavm`
Zeyk'af [m emrfy'k rf sm:Yum:- tm:vk:H ykvid f A[k0pk cf sn:f omwnf:`
* Zeyk'af [m? yk'o
f abm? rSwaf vm ykvid ,f A[k0pk `f
aumoavok Zmawm, aumoav[d tm}awm, aumovm t ed0gaom,
aumovmeH a\mwd 0g aumoavm? {0H rm}a"m? ta}Fg`
euQw<
f OS \f mo'Ngrsm:rSm- uwWu
d m< <kawWm rmaom uwWad um? r}oda\e,
zkae, rCm<, zKed<m, pdwmW <, 0domcg<, aZm<, tmoVm<, o0aEe, ba'Ne,
t<kaZe <kawWm rmaom rmCoda\m? zkam? rmaCm? zKaem? pdawWm? a0omacg?
aZam? tmoaVm? tmoVD 0g? om0aEm? om0ED? ba'Ng? t<kaZm`
Aka'g t a'0wmwd Aka'g? {0H aom}awm? rm[daNm? <marm? aomarm`
Asmu\EH ta0pPm"Daw a0<smu\aEm? arm[kawWm? aerdawWm`
0omwDeH 0doa<m a'aom 0gomawm? O'kr\m toRd H ya'ao oDwd
jo'kra \m`
o[ae edAw
mW y\dcg om[D? y<om edAw
HW yg<oH? (yg<moH)`
o[H t\[wDwd om[D? }gxm`

|kyw
f u
G -f
rmeoH-Y re+ E? E-tkAefacs? 0k'dy? o oa\ 0g }arm-Y 0g-]zifh o-vm`
jo\aom-Y O\+ E? E-tkAefacs? 0k'dy? o oa\ 0g }arm-Y 0g-]zifh o-vm`
arwWm-Y rdwW + E? wM,D tmypPn:f ouf`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
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ok0 0duma\m aom0am` yk\ad om y\drmEH <mwd ayg\do?H O'uH`

E\m}g wa 'rnawMok p-Y p-]zifh Zmw, 0owd, [dw, bmwk, t\[wd
paomteufwYhdk aE<s-ouf`
Am\mEod<H Zmawm, 0owDwd 0g Am\mEaoa<sm? Am\mEao<saum?
ukav Zmawm aumav<saum okeacg? yAaw Zmwm e'D yAaw<sm`
yx [dwH ygax<s?H oywd [dwH omyaw<s?H "eH? y'Dy [dwH awvH
y'Day<s`H
rmwk [dwH rawW<s?H ayawW<s?H ydwk bmwm ayawWa<sm` (buD:, baxG:, OD:uD:, OD:av:)
armvmefY ydwad wm bmw\d a\<sE-f okw]f zifh a\<sEf ypPn:f qokd nf? t}Fwk KM \d f qU, "rRud 0}f, rd}omvmokwf ed<, ]refrm]yefwYhkd
ayawWa<sm-tbd:k [k bmom]yef rSm:juonf)
'uQE
d H t\[wDwd 'uQad Ea<sm`

ykawWm t twM,d woRd H 0g 0dZw

w
D d ykwadW rm? ykwadW <m? ykwadW um` uayg
t twMw
D d uyad <m? [mebma}g t twMw
D d [mebm}da<m? aAm"d yauQm
aAm"dayauQm? aAm"dyauQ b0g aAm"dyuQ<
d m? yOP 0a b0g yOP0d<m? O'\d<?H twWaem
'd twWe<
d `H Zmwd<m ed<ak wWm Zmwduad <m? o t<d ouda<m? (o+ud<)

344

353` Zmwm'Derdrd<m p`
Zmw-tp|Sad omteufwYhdk r, <-ypPn:f ouf`
tm'do'Ng]zifh ed<w
k ,W twM,d b0 paomteufwYhdk r, <-ypPn:f ouf`
p-o'Ng]zifh u, ud<, <, Es-ypPn:f wkv
hd nf:ouf`
* Zmw-p]zm? teufrmS vsi?f rm, <? u, <? ud<, Es-ouf`
r- ypm Zmawm ypad rm? yprd m Zewm? ypdrH pdw?HW tdarm? rZdarm? yk\ad rm`
<- rkZmwd<m Zmawm rkZmwda<m? tZmwda<m? ormeZmwda<m?
avmuda<m`
u- ta ed<ak wWm tdarm? tda<m? tdaum`
|kyw
f u
G -f
Am\mEao<saum-Y Am\mEoD+aE<s? oAawm aum-]zifh u-vm`

345

p-o'gjzihf om"k, [dw, b0, Zmwd paomteufwYhdk <, Es-ypPn:f ouf`

<-ypPn:f
* om"k, [dw? b0, Zmwm? ponfrmS ? oufyg <, Es `
urRed om"k urRn`H obm<H om"k oAB?H ar"m< [dwH CH arH? yg'geH [dwH
awvH ayZ?H \x [dwm \pm`
}gar ba0g }arRm? }a0 b0H }As?H u0drdS b0H uAs?H 'd0d b0g 'dAsm`
xeawm ZmwH xnH? "em< oH0wWww
D d "nH`

Es-ypPn:f
y\dom<H om"k yg\doaZm?orEmeH [dwm omrnm Zem? ]Am[REmeH [dwm
]Am[Rnm? t|lay b0g tm|kyg `
|kyw
f u
G -f
twWe<
d -H Y twW-yk'af emif <-ouf? awok 0k'd-paomokwf]zifh e-vm`
urRnH-Y urR-yk'faemif <-ouf? awok 0k'd-paomokwf]zifh e-vm? es-udk -y`
oABH-ponfY t0am a< avmyOP-]zifh obm, ar"m-wdkhY tm-udk? yg'-Y t-udk
acs? bs-udk b? "s-udk ? 's-udk Z-y? a'Gabmfaqmif? uGpm'drKwW\meH-paomokwf]zifh \y`
\pm-Y \x+<? x, cGif:, acs, uyf? xs-udk q-y? a'Gabmfaqmif`
}AsH-Y a}g+<-Y jo oa\ p-Y p-]zifh jo-ukd t0-y? a'g" p-Y p-]zifh 0-ukd Ay`
yg\doaZm-Y y\dom+E? tkAefacs? 0k'dy? awok0k'd-]zifh '-vmI om-Y tm-udk
\y`

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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f ad vmumbd0o
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354` orl[awM uEf Em`

orl[-teufY qd<vdiaf emif uEf, E-ypPn:f ouf`
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346

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347

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348

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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350

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351

362` \rED<m'dawm uEf`

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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354

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aomSihf {aom? tqH:k jorSm? Asn:f aSmif:\m? acsum t-vnf:vm`
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f vnf:?

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369

o\aSmif:\m? O-yyg? |kyrf mS rkn`H

Asn:f aSmif: t0? jo-y\? rSwjf ucsKd t\m`
Asn:f aSmif: t0? O-y\? csKd r jo>0dy\dw`f
twdy Si?hf y\-aemufrmS ? Asn:f aSmif:\m? jovm tcsKd wiG `f
od xdx
k ?kd ryvd?k e}dk yuwd`
0}fAsn:f aSmif:bd? ed[d? aSmif:onhf 0`
0H 0g? 0g-o'Ng? csKd rh mS v-y ed[dwrf `
{0 Sihf [d? edygwf'rdG ?S { Sihf [-ajumif?h a|S rh S ed[d? -ybd? rSwo
f d csKd t\m`
oAemrf <? aSmif:x AdK ? oH-AdK om? aSmif: <-yg? \Hcg -ty`
<, w, {w? o'Naemuf|?dS ed[du?kd ybd r,'? wpfcsKd <? aSmif:x o\, Asn:f `
Asn:f Sio
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ed[dwrf ?S aemuf|jdS uonh?f 0, wd? 'ged Si?hf tyd, {0? tod pom:?
o\rsm:? aus]im:csKd t\m`
ed[dwrf ?S aemufo\aus? oH<w
k af y? yav 0doanm}Asn:f `
o\ wpfv:Hk ? Asn:f ok:H vk:H ae? wpfv:Hk aus? raoG twl tpAsn:f `
Asn:f Sihf o\? aSmif:wku
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f <
G \f m? vmyged[dw`f
Asn:f aSmif: ed[d? tH ybd? rSwo
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emrfyidk :f (yk'fa\- 169)
nGwaf p, nGww
f wf? emrf[rk w
S ?f ]'yfa[monfyh 'k `f
yk,H eyk,H xD? vdit
f rnf? ok:H vD cGI
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t, , O0Ef? joum\efiS ?hf qH:k ]yef ed[d? yuwd? ]ym:bd |Spw
f ef? vdiu
f m\ef?`
t, , O0Ef? joum\ef? rSw\f ef ckepf ykvid ]f zpf`
y, 'k, w, pwf? rD, q, owf? 0dbwf ckepfo<
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tH, tma'o? ypPn:f p-wd?hk aemufu|daS e? o\aus? aemufae yuwd`
tmvkyo
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
}od a|S t
h ? ydwk p,>? qk:H o\ud?k tm-yqd?k csKd u
h kd \y`
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oRd ,H oRm? em-ok:H ]zm0d? t-aemif|?dS ybd {, tm, {e-yg`
oRm, oRd ,H [d? rSm, rS,d bd Si?hf o-0da|S rh mS ? o-vnf:vm? t-rSm {- a]ymif: ok,
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ok, eH, [d-rS? a|S o
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oRd ,H o, em? od, aom, omSi?hf tH-rSm jo-rSw?f ormof, w'?d v<f jo-od?
use|f dS yk-wdik :f raem}kE
d :f `
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em, o, oRd 0H ?d om, aom, od-qk:H ? ud<muH? jocH 0duyf? ormof,w'?d v<f
jo od? oH:k |Sd raem}dE
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tmayg-p]zm? yk'w
f rhkd mS ? Sp]f zm aemuft}Fg`
t[-aemuf|?dS oRd H 0drmS ? O, ed-Sp0f ? \[-aemufum:? jo-y]im:? rSwo
f m:
awok0'k `f
t-aemifreS m? aom-y\m? csKd rh mS ,O-aemuf aom-y`
tH, o-a|S rh ?S K-t-Si?hf }, o-csev
f yS ?f uif:0dbwfwkd ? aSmif:vwf K?
tqk:H O? t-y yk}E
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d :f Sp]f zmSi?hf K-yg trS? wkr-S aemufwiG ?f oRm-0if? vdv
k if
em-odhk a]ymif:`
od-aSmif: ? tH-y\? csKd r r[m-ponf tm` (=udk ew-[kzwf)
-udu
k JG ? K-iJ?h vdw
k hJ |kyf yD:\ef`
od-rS uif:use?f |kyaf e[ef? Spw
f ef }k, }pf twl]zpf`
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371

tcsKd o
h ? o-y|? aSmif: b-a|S rh mS A-vnf:vm`
\mZ, ]A[R? twW-p]zm? aemuf od-tm Si?hf a<mrSm tmaem? csKd aem-rSe?f
0dbwf tH? tmeH tcsKd y`
\mZ- o'Ng? 0dbwfygSi?hf \nm emaSmif:? o- aSmif: \anm? \mZdaem- ay?
oRd aH erl? \an, \mZde?d eH-aSmif:bd? rSwo
f d \nH-y`
ok, eH, [d-rS? a|S \h mZ-ud?k \mZk-qd?k qk:H udk -y em-aSmif:r`
]A[R-qk:H t? O-y\? em, o, eH-aSmif: csKd t\m`
, T, O,OD? wM<
d u
l ? y-rnfju? , v-rnfxw
k f xD r[kw`f
, v, twW? aemuf o, oRm? pOfwikd :f om? \Hcg aem, em, y`
]A[R, twW? csKd urR Si?hf rk'- p aemuf? oRd H a\muf? razmuf ed-ty`
twW-qk:H t? emaSmif: t? te-ok, [d-aSmif:`
oc-qk:H t? aem, em, o-wd?hk aSmif:u -y? ok, [d, eH,tH? aSmif:wk]H yefr?l
\Hzef tm\? oc-aemuf a<m? tma<m, aem? yavm oRd H { `
oc-aemuf }? t, tm, , T? {-ig:vDy? rSw|f od? p|Sd aemuf }? {-y\?
vd}F od ay wpfcsKd { `
y, 'k Yom? tmwkrmum:? wlpmG twW? uif:or? yk\o
d Siw
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tm Sif t
h `H
ykr, urR? xmr-rSm? O-y\m? o, em, oRm-aSmif:`
ykr-qk:H t? tm-y\? csKd r em, ok-aSmif:`
[d-aSmif: ykr? tqk:H t? csKd r tmaey`
od-Sio
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rC0,<k0? tqk:H t? tmeywk?H 0dbwfp`Hk
t'-qk:H t? wuGo,d a<m? tm, tmaemy? tH, [d, ok-rS? a|S t
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

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{u0kp0f ?d xD, yko

H -d cse?f a<m-aSmif:]yefu? juOfz<f C? \yavbd`
pwkwDM o? t-aemifr?S tm< Sihf tH, wM,H twM`H
td qk:H ? od-aSmif:bd? ed-\Hcgy`
C, y, , v? aemufa<m-us? aus\ a<m-rSm \Hwpfcg`
a<m-aus wpf]zm? ed-y\m? a|S rh mS 'DCy`

yifudk<f \? Sifh v-rSm? aSmif:\m a<mSifh? a0, a0gqifh? pOf]zifh t-yav`

t, tm-aemufrmS ? tH-a\mufvmu? t, tm-aus\? , v, y-aemuf? tH0ifa\muf? razmuf tH-udk ed[dw`f

tm'd-aemuf|?dS oRd 0H d um:? tH, jo-xm:? t]cm:aemufrmS tH, jo-tm?`
\y ? aemufu\Hcg? tH-rSm eH-y? a<m aem-y? ed-y oRd 0H `d
yifu<
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S nf:? csKd rh tH-eH? a<m-aem-rSe?f wpfzef oRd -H ed`
}-od a|S rh ?S , v, y? \trJy`
v-aemifrS a<m? tcsKd a0g-Si?hf csKd aem-y\m? wpfcsKd rmS ? Sp]f zm a0g, aemy`
yifu<
kd \f ? v-aemifr?S y\ a0, a0g tmvkyaf <m`
owMK, ydw?k ponf O-rSm? od-aSmif:tm-y? o-aSmif: O? Spcf k od, oaus`
owMK, ydw?k ponf O-rSm? tm\-om? aSmif:\m 0dbwf od, o-vyf`
tm\-aemufajum? oRd ,H a<m, em? , jo, tm? -rSm a|S \h `
tm\-raSm? oRd ,H a<m? , jo-tcsKd y`
owMK, ydw?k ponf O-rSm? eHaSmif:\m? \Hcg t-vnf:y`
ok:H ajumifh 0duyf? ok:H ajumifv
h yf? |Sp\f yf tm\rJ`
em, eH-0duyf? od, o-vyf? |Sp\f yf uif:ajumifh rJ`
ydwm'd-rS? ]zpf tm\? \ tukef y`
od, [d, eH, }? uif:ud:k 0ajumif?h tm0, t0? eH-tH-]y? t0-a}g> jo`
tH-aSmif: tm0? tqk:H t? csKd r O-y\m`
a}gE-ywk?H 0dbwfuek ?f wpfzHk }k, }0<-eH, [d-]y`

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373

eykH t-aemuf? od, a<m-a\muf? razmuf tH, ed pOfwidk :f od`

}kE0g'd? eykH od-rSm? K-yg tH? wpfzef qk:H O? t-vnf:y? rSw|f a<m-udk `
t-juOf eyH:k ? aemuf a<m oH:k ? rSwt
f :kH tcsKd ed`
wMv
d id u
f ?kd xGe:f zdk vv
kd ?S }kEaf [m]y? t-aemif tm-ypPn:f `
ormof, w'w
d ?f udp,P udwf iS ?hf wMyd pP<ef? yk'w
f efwef? trSef emrf iJ\h `
wMv
d id f tm? Conmwnf:? aemufrmS }od? { ybd? em'd tm<-y`
C, y-aemufrmS ? oRd v
H m? \Hcg <H-ty`
y\domSi?hf obmaemufrmS ? oRd v
H m? \Hcg wd-y, \|`
trRm, tm? ponfrmS ? rvm { y }od|`
y-rnf -0Ef? <-y\ef? aemufXmef o\ae`
0dbwf em'd? yaemif|?dS ybd <m-trJ`
y-aemif oRm? em, o-tm? wpf]zm oRd H tH-ty`
wMv
d id f oH:k ? t-tqk:H \S?d e'g'diS ?hf qk:H \Sd O,jo? rSwaf vmh te'g? aemufYom?
oufyg T- ypPn:f `
y Tum\ef? aemufY tH? <H y tcsKd rmS `
TaSmif: ykx?k tqk:H O rSm? t0-]zm? yk-yg Ovnf: tcsKd t`
Tamif: a}g rS? jo o\? tm0-yavrJ`
rmwkv-p? tqk:H t? tme TaSmif:\m`
E0 Edu? aE<s, E Si?hf K-rS aemufbuf? wMw
D u
G ?f xGe:f csuf TypPn:f `
b0r? abmw-y? K w-]zm? Taemif:\m` (K-udk e,wk-[kzwf)
Tum\? ayguQ\i?hf \mZ,ywd? bduKQ >aemuf? eDa\muf? xGe:f awmuf
wMv
d id `f
eDaSmif:bd? yk'f ywd? qk:H t-ty`
ayguQ\aemuf? eDa\mufr?l razguf -t? e-ukd E? y\ awok0'k `f
<m-aSmif: rmwk? tqk:H O-rSm? aus aysmuf\m? a\Stm \y`
oAemrH? tum\efaemuf? y,a<m-a\muf? razmuf {-yap`

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
'dom0gpu? ykA- paemuf? y,a<m-a\muf? csiahf xmuf Spaf xG {, tm-ae`
oAemr? tqk:H t-rSm? eH amif:\m {-omy|d:k wnf:`
oAemrfaemuf? eH-0ifa\muf? razmuf oH, omeH`
oAemr? C Sihf y-rS? oRd H o? y\ oH Sihf om`
{u0kppf ?k oH,om-yajumif?h rSw|f o-vm? C-rnftm? csKd rh mS \y`
rsuu
f <
G rf mS w? {w teD:? vGeef :D r? 'l\ trk? tar:|? a[mr ud o
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trk, {w? w-o'Nyg? r, w-rSm o? odaSmif:u? Sp0f xD, ykw
H iG `f
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oRd ,H oRm? o, oH,om? aSmif:\m r, w ukd t`
{u0kppf ?k oH, om-yajumif?h rSw|f {wm? rm, wm-p? qk:H o\? csKd r y\m`
{wm, rm? wm-o'Ng? aemufrmS o-udk m<-y`
od-aSmif: r? t<H-]yI? te, rd? em-aSmif:bdiS ?hf ok, [d, eH-ae? tcsKd h {?
Spaf xG xD, ykw
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eykH tH, od? a|S |h dS r? 'H-]yI? w0 trk? t'k-H y? t'k, o-aSmif:\m`
C, y-aemif|?dS oRd 0H ?d ybd tcsKd o
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xyfIqd\k m? 'kw<
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ok', oA? emraemufwiG ?f u-vmvi?f wlyif yk, pdw,f unm'd`
ypPn:f , 0dbwf? aSmif:wkv
H wfr?l ok:H \yfvid rf mS ? ud -H o'Ng? u-om y|d:k xm:`
oRd ,H oRm? o-aSmif:\m? ud -H rSm AdK aus`
{u-o'Ng? eufocsmF ? ok:H ]zmvdix
f w
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eH aSmif:onfh 'Gd? y 'k0d? aemuf\Sd eH-H`
'Gpd -aemufrmS ? eH aSmif:\m? e-vm, csKd rh mS H-vnf:vm`
xD-wd, pwk? eH aSmif:r? wk-O t-]zm H-vnf:vm`

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375

wd,pwkrmS ? a<m aSmif:\mY? a<m yg wdam? pwami?hf wa<m,

pwWma\m? wDE,d pwWm\d? xD,yk,H eykH pOfwidk :f od`
wd aemifrS eH? H? H-Sprf sK:d y`
a<mamif: pwk? tqk:H O-rSm? O\-om? a<m-rSm jo-vnf:y`
eDvm'demrf? oAemrfiS ?hf omrefw'w
d ?f udw,f A[kA?D Tig:vD? vdirf DS 0gpPw`M
wkr,S tr?S od-aSmif:url? wuG wk0?H wG,H t[H? t[uH-vnf:y`
trS aemifr?S y-a<mus? wuG r<H y`
wkr,S trS? tH-aSmif:url? wuG wk0?H wG,H w0H? wH rH rrH-y`
wkr,S trS? aemufrS oufaom? 'k-a<mSihf eH? y tmuH? o,eH tHvnf:y`
wkr,S trS? em-aSmif:u? wuG w<m,r<m y`
w<m,w<d? yg\Sd w-rSm? wG-y\m rSwyf g \Hwpfcg`
wkr,S trS? o-aSmif:url? wuG wk<?HS w0-zef? r<S,H rr rrH]y`
oRd H aSmif:u? wkrrS ?S wuG w<d, r<d y`
a<m eH w-[d? a|S \h dS wkr?S trS wpf]zm? yk'af emifvm? 0d-yg a0g, aem-y`
wkr,S trS? yk'af emifus? wuG aw, ar em, o-aSmif:`
yOPm'd Si?hf uwd-o'N? tvd}aF jumif?h wlr |kyaf e? wdvad }F? a|Smifav wMyd pP<`
yOP, p]zm? a<m-aSmif:\mY? a<m-yg t-y? eH,[d,ok? aSmif:r t-ukd t`
twW-H bm0? eda'Noajumif?h a'G-vmr? pwk-O? t-y xDrmS eH-aSmif:\m`
q-udk aom, o? 'o-'? \, V-avsmpf mG y`
'G,d {u, t? qk:H o\ tm? yk'af Smif:\m? ocsmF t\mwGi`f
ocsmF 'G-d rSm? 'd, a'g, Am? wpf]zm 'k, a'G, y 'ka0`
wd-udk aw, w? aemufyOP? y,y-y`
pwk'o? wk-acs\? p-u pk, apm-y`
Oy y'? r[kwu
f vnf:? yk'pf , p-rSm? ausaysmuf\m? csKd rh mS pk, apm-y`
A[k0pk o
f m? uwd-rSm? rJom a<m-aus, \ae`
wGm'dyd pP<? tvd}F iS ?hf edygwajumif?h vd}-F ok:H oG<?f 0kpf pS o
f <
G ?f rSwzf <
G f

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
|kyw
f ]l zpf`
ok', oA? Ob, y\d? tbd-aemufbuf? awm-vio
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oAemrfr?S jw, x? oA aemufom "d`
awm, x-a|S rh ?S yk'f {w-rSm? \Hcg {, t? aSmif: jw? edpP t- ty`
xH, 'ged, [? awm Sihf "-wd?hk aemufu |Sb
d ?d r--wnf:? \[d-aSmif:u? y
{w? aSmif: Z, "kem t-y\m`
r-aemifr?S [ Sihf "? ud -H rS aemufwiG f 0`
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'g, 'gpeH? [dOeP H Si?hf [d ,H [H, jw? awm Sihf x? aSmif:u ud -H uk-y`
jw, x, 0? [, ", [d ,H [H? "d-|Spw
f ef? omref owWr`D
oA, tn? {u, <-Si?hf ud ,H w-aemuf 'g? uk-wGuw
f m? ud -H rSm 'gpeH`
'g-aSmif: oA? o-y\? w-rS aemufbuf 'ged-ouf`
\[d, "kem? 'ged-rSm? oufyg r-aemif`
'gSihf 'ged? \[d, "kem? wpf]zm Z, ZK? Ta]cmufc?k oufr umvowWr`D
peH Sihf pd? edygwf'?dG wGb
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Oyom, edygwf? wpf\yf tm0kaom? p-aom aemufbuf? 0dbwfouf? acszsuf
tm:vk:H uke`f
y, y\m, O? ed, eD, 'k-Si?hf tk, oH, 0d? y\d,"d,bd? ywd, t0? ok, ty, tm? wpf]zm
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rSwjf u tmreuf`
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F f yxrm`
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377

aus]im: y, 'k avsmpf mG |`

orRm,o<H? oH,omrH-Si?hf wpfzef aom, "m? awm-p]zm? aemufrmS wwd<maus`
wk-H Sihf wa0? pwkw-f aus? yOf-aus aom, awm-aemif`
jo\H, yg\H? wd\<
d -H Si?hf O',H ta"m? tam, t\m? a[m, Oy\d? OwW\,d ypm?
A[d'g , A[d? tm0d, \a[m? ygawm, om<H? yk\,H oka0? aoG, yka\-p? edygw?
aus\owWr`D
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f :Hk ]zm? uif:\medygwf rsm:]ym:vwf`
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tmcsmwfyidk :f (yk'fa\- 153)
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d Si?hf um\uok:H oG<f ? 0kpf pS o
f <
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d nf?h
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f m? rSwyf gtmcsmw`
abm, uH, uwWm:? eufo:Hk yg:? a[mjum: tmcsmwfy'k `f
a|Sa]cmufy'k rf mS ? uwWm:om? aemufrmS abm, uH, uwf`
bl, |k, 'd, oGm? ud, wem? pk\m owW "mwf}E
dk :f ]y`
(wpfenf:) bl, |k, 'd, oGm? ud, }[m? wem, pk\ }kE
d :f t`
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ouf`
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f wf yka\? waxG
yk\m? <m0-yg? ouf\mtem}wf`
a|S ,h aemuf a]cmufp?D 0d |Spv
f ?D trnf y\yk',f twWaemyk'`f
a|S ,h aemuf a]cmufp?D 0d-|Spv
f w
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378
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
o\amif:u? {, t<? t0, jo-ukd y`
um\dwaf Smif:]im:? t uku
d m: tm? {rSm tm<? jo tm0? y\ toD:oD:`
[d, rd, r, rS? a|S:|Sd t-Si?hf aemufu <, ae? \awG? raoG'C
D -y`
wd, {, rd, {? wk, rd, {Si?hf {<s, {<smod? {<smrd, {<s?H |Spw
f ef {-y`
bl, [l, od, Xm? ponfrmS ? Avm uHr|S`d
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abm, uH t\m? aemufa]cmuf]zm? csKhd rmS a|Sah ]cmuf]yef`
]'yfr]zpf? abmrSm wpf? oufvpS f yxryk\o
d f {u0kp`f
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p, ywMem? eufrsm:rSm? oufygyOPr`D
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tek, y\d? 0d",d edref? tmref, td? orKp, ywMem? euf\pS ]f zm oufygowWr`D
0wf, yOf, owW? [d<sw?W av:0 oA"mwf`
[d<,f tZ, um? 0daSmif:\m? t-vm "mwfa\Srh mS `
y, tZf, b, um? Tav:]zm? rSwyf g toA"mwf`
y,tZf,b,um? Asn:f p-ygonf?h 0dbwW?d aSmif:bd a|Sh -vm`
T, OD, tm, rSm? m, mrSm? \Hcg \y`
[d<swf t, vm? , vm y, b? tZf, um 'G? ok:H 0 uif:rvm` (0d)
jo-udk , t? a'Gbm wM? y\ \Hwpfcg`
[d<swf wM-ud?k x,wpfv:Hk om? tZ, tm? a'Gbm wM, vnf:y`
Asn:f > aemufrmS ? tm,\Hcg? wM-rSm aSmif:u O,vm\`
rrSwrf ]d im:? zk:H vr:f xm:Si?hf ]rif,jum:r|S?d ok:H rsKd :od? oufbd ya\muQm`
0dbwf ya\muQm? c, q, omwk?hd aemufrmS |Su
d ? "mwftp? yGm:\ "mwfa'Gabmf`
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379

a'Gabmfvm\m? a|S ch \m? onm tABmo`

tABmoqd?k OD-udk t-y? }ky-O Si?hf Spcf k t0Ef? -y\ef? wpfzef 0g->
tm-rSm T`
tABm, u-0}f? y p-0}f Si?hf wpfcsuf 'k, p? y y, w? [-udk Z-vnf:y`
ya\muQm0dbwf? aSmif:wHv
k wf? bl"mwf, bl0? ]AL, tm[`
y, tZf, b, um? Asn:f p ygonf?h 0dbwW?d aSmif:bd a|Svm`
<->a|SrmS ? , T-vm? \Hcg <-a'Gabmf`
y, tZf, b, um? 0d-aSmif:\m? csKd rmS <-udak cs`
OHKudk Ho?k tHok y? qef:r }gxm? oH-k yg`
b0dd? em}wfo?d csKd |dS twdwrf mS `
umvmwdywf? wdw,f em}wf? Sp\f yf umvrSm`
a-> {-rSm? \Hwpfcg? rSepf mG t-vnf:y`
rmSi<
hf OS u
f ? [dO,f tZiS ?hf yOP, owWm? 0dav:]zm? umvm tm:vH:k \`
emr, wkr?S trS-o'Ng? a\mav\m? <lyg aemufy\k o
d `f
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rSw`f
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}rk, 0'? 'g"mwfp? aemuf t, { \Hcg`
{, jo-aemufr?S 0dbwf t? acs\ trJom`
{, jo rSaemuf? 0dbufa\muf? a\Sah ]cmuf rmef, rD rSm`
}rk, <rk? ok, tmo? "mwG? p- a'G \Hcgy`
}rk "mwk? CrR-y? rSw|f \Hwpfcg`
{<sKH -0drmS ? OH \Hcgy? {<smrkiS ?hf {rk Sp0f ? {<smr? y\toD:oD:`
u\-"mwk? umo-ySi?hf um-y wpfz?Hk tZuKHu? o-vm\? 'DC tm, {,
joaemufay`
tZaSmif:\m? }r-}g? csKd rmS p y ` (p-udk pq, -udk q [k zwf)

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
\->aemufrmS ? <-0ifvm? \Hcg a|Saemuf]yef`
"edwSp]f zm? qufwu
dk v
f m? a\Srh mS odxd a]ymif:`
vb, aemuf|?dS T, H-0d? ybd wM, wMH acs"mwGe`f
vb, 0o? qd', p,aemuf? -a'G a\muf? razmuf -rSm q-y\m`
0p, rkp? bkZ-p-aemuf? -a'G a\muf? razmuf -rSm c-y\m`
c-q-aSmif:u? "mwG W? u-p-pOfwikd :f y`
abm, uHY <? aSmif:avurl? 0p, 0o? 0[ p,]zm? 0-Yygonf?h t-rSm O-y?
0, vnf: O? rSwf | 0prSm`
tZaSmif:vi?f 0pwGi?f t-yif jo y\m?
ukoaemufrmS ? T uko
d m? yyg p-d a'G "mwGeaf cs`
[-aemuf <-pH? a|Saemuf]yef? \Hzef <-ud?k v, vnf:y`
ZD\-ZD<s? "mwf Z\-Si?hf r\-rD<sm? wpfcsKd rmS ? acsyg <-wpfv:kH `
'do"mwfwu
G ?f y, 'uQ? aemuf 'dSi?hf ' \Hcg? 'dwiG yf g? -rSm tcsdKy`
'uQ-yrS? b0dof ? acs\ -vnf:vm`
o', 0'? "mwfpS 0f ? oD', 0Z pOfwidk :f y`
abm, uH Y-<? aSmif:avu? <Z, <ud?k -yqk`d
tABmo-qk:H rSm? ed[dwv
f m? csKd rh mS \y`
{qk:H "mwfr?S {-o\ ? tm<-trJy`
tZ, aSmif:u? "mwf 0do? a0uQ-\Hcgy`
wk', 0do? aemuf k'-Si?hf 'do, vdcg? zko-rSm? rSwyf g wk'g'd`
Zka[mwsm'd? [l0g'd>? 0k'ad emifr?S ypPn:f t? acs\ trJom`
Tudak csr? \-y? rSw|f jo-rSm? {-\Hcg`
H-Y -aus? a|S \a? rSwaf v t[H|k yk `f
b0dd? aSmif:wHb
k rd ?l [l> o\? {, {[Si?hf jo[ yav? -vnf:aus?
raus \Hwpfcg`

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381

eD-ponfreS ?f ]ymef: uHwnf:? wpfzef 'k[? "mwfpvwf? r]ymef:uH a[mzk\hd ef`

Xm, "mwf wd? yg-yd0? y\pOfwidk :f om`
[,vmwku
H ? tm,\? o[wd ponfrmS `
'g, "m, rm, Xm? [m, yg, r[? rx-p? t T-y <-aSmif:r`
wk,wd-wMK,wM?d rd-ukd rS-d y? Spcf k r,x? rS Sihf wM? acs\"mwGerf mS `
0dbwf, ypP<? aSmif:wku
H rl? to-p,ae? t-udak cs? o-aus od, [d-aSmif:`
{<s-<m? wpf]zm {<sK?H y <k?H rSww
f Hk od<m, od<-Hk yD:`
{<s-p,rSw?f a]cmufy\ofu?kd yvwf ,k? -y x? H,mr?
wuG "mwGef pOfwidk :f y` (aqmifyk'fY -udk o-[kzwf)
tZaSmif:vi?f to-wGi?f t-viv
f m\? y 'DC`
wd-aSmif:av\m? ]ALaemufrmS ? rSepf mG T-vm\`
wd, tdrmS ? t-O-om? ]ALrSm tm[-y`
[e "mwk? 0"-ywnf:? rSw|f -ud?k c-yqd?k e-udk ed[dw`f
tABm, u-0}f? y p-0}f Si?hf wpfcsuf 'k, p? y y, w? [-udk Z-vnf:y`
'g udk 'Z? {<sKH p,axG? {<s-aus? wpfaxG {<s, tm`
rd, r, aSmif:\m? 'g-qk:H tm? rSepf mG tHvnf:y`
tyd a|Sae? t-udak csI? yav \? "-udk [? yd'[wdyD:`
"m udk '[? yavu? oH:k \ ae\mwkid :f `
t0k'u
d m? aemufw'k gSi?hf [k0g'day? Zka[mae? av:axG bl0g'd`
|k"m'dwu
G ?f aemuf t-ouf? a|Sbuf ed[dw`f
, T, {, jo? ypPa<m? oufavm |k"m tcsKd rmS `
'd0g'dwu
G ?f uwWm:euf? oufyg <-ypPn:f `
'd0g-<-vnf:? abm, uHenf:? |kyf yD:twlae`
0k"mwf O-rSm? tm, y\m? |kyrf mS edAm wd`
<aSmif:av\m? 'g"mwftm? rSepf mG y\`
wk, Ze? "mwGeef -rSm? tm y\m? <, em, w, wd-aSmif:`

382
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
Ek, Em, OEm? ToH:k ]zm? oGm'd"mwfaemifouf`
Ek ypPn:f O? 0k'd y? Em, r \Hcg? \ ]zm`
[dukd \Hcg? od-y\m? |kyrf mS okEod`
E-uD:|S\d m? wpfcsKd rmS ? rSepf mG e-i<fy`
tZ- p|S?d aSmif:od ou? u-udk c-y? a'Gabmfr? rSw|f ouQ wpfenf:]y`
Ek, Em Sp\f yf? {u "mwf? aeuwf OEmxm:`
ud<m'dwu
G ?f uwWm:euf? oufyg em ypPn:f `
em aSmif: \m? ukZd m? ZH, em tcsKd y`
em ypPn:f ay? wpfcsKd acs? wpfaxG <, vnf:y`
-"mwfaemuf|?dS {<s-0d? ybd <m, `
-udk \Hcg? [d-yyg? |kyrf mS ynm<d[w
d `d
em, w-aSmif:\m? rm, "mwf tm? rSepf mG -y\`
emaSmif:rke? "mwGef e? acs\ rkemwd`
}[m'dr?S ESm Sihf y? ouf\ Spyf pPn:f `
ESm aSmif: [-aus? y-aSmif:av? raoG aC-ty`
(wenf:) [ aemuf em-pH? a|Saemuf]yef? wpfzef e-i<f E-uD:y`
wem'drmS ? jo, <d\m? oufyg uwWm:euf`
joypP<? Oy\? u\ t-vnf: O`
jo> O-rSm? 0-y\m? \-yg aus\ 0-udk A `
u\-aemufrmS ? jo a\mufvmu? joyg ukA? uA? yjuwpfenf:rSw`f
u\aemufom? <d\ vm? acsyg \f-"mwGe`f
<d\ aemifr?S {<s-wpfaxG? {x-{wk?hd raoG tm-y? rSw|f wpfz?kH {<sKH -pom:?
{<s-rsm:? acs]im: |kyf yD:ap`
b0doaf Smif:u? "mwfu\? um[-yav csKd ah us`
oHa|S:|Su
d ? "mwfu\? c\ rsm:pGm? cg-wdwrf mS `
pk\m'dr?S aE-E<? ouf\ Spyf pPn:f `

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383

tkAef E? um\dw? acs\ E-rSm? 0k']d zm`

\Hcg 0k'?d Cm'dwnf:? 0k'jd uOfa|Smif:? oH<w
k af Smif:? wpfajumif:wk'g'd`
c, ypPn:f rS? um\dwu
f sw?hkd e]f y"mwfeuf? <if:tcsu?f rdehf ruf"mwkypP<`
wdZ, aemif c? "mwf}yk Si?fh udwaemufr:DS ? q ypPn:f ? wpfo:D rme? aemufYo`
"mwkypP<? aemufwiG rf ?S ouf\ 0dbwW`d
"mwkypP<? roufu? rlv}dE
k :f wl? |kyt
f rl`
tABm- udw? u-udk w? rme r-rSm? 0-y\m`
A"-"mwfr?S A-udk b? [\, Zd-"mwf }D-yvwf`
yg, rme-"mwf? o amif:vwf? Sp\f yf pOfwidk :f 0g, rH-y`
wH,k pY? bkZ, Co? [\, ok-yg? "mwfaemufrmS ? oufyg c-q-o`
uwf, uH, tm"m? OyrmrS? tmpm\euf? ypPn:f ouf? csiw
hf u
G f tm<, T<-ae`
emrf> aemufrmS ? axGaxG]zm? ud<meuf? E<-ponfouf`
earm-aemufbuf? touf? teuf ua\mwd`
O0Efaemifus? aE,E<om? pk\m 0a? tm,{,jorSm? Emay, Emy<?
aemufpS 0f rSw?f aeu\m? "mwfaemufrmS av:? csKd rmS a'G:? oufa\:[dwef uf
um|kw
d f zuf`
}k[, 'ko? "mwfpS 0f ? 'DC um|kw
d af Smif:`
Emay, Emy<? aSmif:wku
H ? tm< - tm-rSm csKd \m`
[e-"mwk? Cmw-y? aSmif:r um|dw
k f E-ypPn:f `
'-"-qk:H vwf? "mwfaemifr?S csKd r <-vm \m`
um|kw
d af Smif:vnf:? ESmypPn:f ? oufenf: csKd t\m`
oum\dw? "mwfaemifryS if? pD\if <k, EGK? awG]rifra jumif?h "mwkypPn:f ? aemuf
wGiv
f nf:? ypPn:f um|dw
k o
f uf`

384
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
udwfykdif: (yk'fa\- 107)
uwWm:rSm wwf? uHrmS tyfiS ?hf ajumif:rSwf u\E? or, tyg? "d-ok:H \m?
abmrSm ]cif:, \m xm:`
upPn:f yxr? ]y]cif:wpf\yf? enf:vwfa\wGu?f <if:pcf suaf jumif?h rde]hf rGuu
f pd P
yxr`
wAmeD<? aemuf Es-Si?hf \dp,P aw<sm? ig:udpmP wd.k ? uHcsKd . "mwfrmS ? abmomeyk:H ?
uH|o
Sd :Hk ? rSwt
f :Hk uHrmS vdio
f :Hk ]zm`
ypPn:f Asn:f p? aSmif:avu? vm\ -o\m`
bl-aemif Es? |Sad vu? tA-y\ef o"mwGe`f
wA, wke? wk,H wk p-wdk ? aemufu |d\S m? u\-um? \-rSm w-vnf:y`
\, [-qk:H r? "mwfppk k iS ?hf \rk, ty? , wm-p aemuf? e-i<fa\muf? razmuf
E- uD: ]yef`
tkAef \? aSmif:wku
H ? wuG "mwGeaf cs`
0du\E ypPn:f ? tmcsmwfenf:? udwv
f nf: yg0ifap`
"mwGef p, Z? w, ', y-wdk ? aemufu w-ae? "mwGeaf cs? aqmifavw-a'Gabmf`
omo > tm? -y\m? os-rSm o-y a'Gabmfr`
E-aSmif: p, Z? y u, }? juOf\ EGK-rSm`
ed-> aemufr?S yxr? y\ 'kwd a'Gabmfo`d
abm, uH t]cm:? uwf-pom:? ouf]im: teD<, Es`
r[, rx? <-aSmif:uSi?hf e[-p]zm? "mwfwrhkd mS ? a|Smifyg "mwGeaf cs`
w-aSmif: r, e? e-]yK\? avmy wm:]rpf\ef`
', r, Z-rS? aemuf Es-rSm? "mwGeyf g? y\m Z, rR - pOfwikd :f `(Z,r,}-[kzwf)
}\[-rS? aemuf Es-rSm? "mwGeyf g <S? a|S }\? }g\-yavrJ`
tmaemif Es? |Sad vu? wuG {<s-y`
t\[, oU? wdoSi?hf ayo wpf]zm? ywWum? ouf\m udpP ig:`

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385

om"ersm:pGm? "mwfaemufrmS ? oufyg t, E-vdiaf vsmpf `G

0k'd oabm? tm, {, jo? qufavm tm<, tm0-wdik `f
|kyf yD:\mwGi?f 0k'd xif? rxif E, t-cG`J
<-w-o'Ng? a|S|\dS m0<f? aemufrmS a'Gabmf? vmaomfvnf:|S?d rvmbdr?l <w >aemuf? AdK a\muf? rSwaf vmufx:kH pH trJwnf:` (a|S:q\m)
"mwk }[? }-> t? ]yK\ { \Hcg`
uHy'k af |Syg? "mwfaemufrmS vi?f onmaz;]y? ypPn:f t? urR AdK wif`
''- a|Sr?S yk\-t-rSm? H-]yK\m? aemufrmS t-ypPn:f `
wMv
d id w
f u
G ?f t-yifouf? aemufquf wMd tm`
'k-ok ToH? a|SYcHr?l abm, uHeuf]y? ypPn:f c, aus\ ckAef`
[e"mwk? Cmw-y? aSmif:r um|du
k f E-ypPn:f ?`
E-aSmif: '[? '-udk V Si?hf zko "mwk? z-y? "mwk }[ csKd C\`
E, w-aSmif:u? oH-Oy-Si?hf yk\-y\d? aemuf|dS u\? c\, c? ]yK\ xdu
k o
f ifph mG `
oH<}k f p-e? AdK ]y? \-- Z-y\` (-udk eZ-[kzwf)
a|S u
h yH 'k af \muf? "mwf>aemuf? razmuf E-ypPn:f `
tmum\? E-aSmif:u? tm< trSe]f yK`
uwWm: a<bk<s? uH-csKd r? ouf\ EGK, tu-]yK`
wMv
d id rf mS ? tu-vm? rSepf mG t-udk `
oum\dw? k'-p, aemuf? usa\muf <k-rSm? Sp]f zm te? tmee-wnf:? wpf0
EGK? tu-y? -r tmeeu`
oDv, "rR? om"kuSi?hf twWrme? teuf]y? ouf\ "mwfaemif ED, tm0D`
vdi,f om"e? xdu
k o
f ifph ?G "mwfrS aemuf<,k te-]yK`
wMv
d id w
f u
G ?f <k-yifouf? aemufquf wMd tm`
toH-trsu?f vyv
f u
S ,f qif<if? xGe:f xifawmufy? yGm:]cif:p|S?d oDvm'dwu
G ?f
uwWm:euf? <k-ouf 0k'rd sm:`
tkAef - ? "mwfq:kH |S?d vmbd ed[dw`f

386
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
t uwWm:? rmeum:rSw?f abm, uHuwf? oufvwf yef, [dw,f vuQE`
H-Sihf K? rSw|f rme? aemuf tme-wnf:? wpfenf: K? Tok:H ck? oufr
ryD: tem}wf`
rme, t? a|S u
h -0if? r-ausvi?f ]zpfpOf em}wf wpfenf:rSw`f
abm, uH, uwWm:? "d 4-yg:rSm? w-ouf\m? oH:k ]zm umv? wdwrf sm:pG`
wd-ypPn:f um:? abm, xDrsm:? t]cm: \Hcgouf`
"-b-[-rS? aemuf|dS w-rSe?f "-y\ef? "mwGef '-a'G: y`
-Sihf [-rS? aemuf|dS w-rSe?f -y\ef ? "mwGef -\ifaumuf`
0-'[? aemuf|dS w? wuG -a'Gabmf`
0o-aemifr?S ypPn:f w? wuG OwM-y`
0o-oHo? "mwfaemifw? wuG wM-a'G:]yK`
w-aSmif:wku
H ? 0o, 0-rSm? O-y\m? \Hcg tpdwf y`
w-aSmif:wHu
k ? "mwf p-0-rSm? O-]yK\m? \Hcg tpdw]f yK`
r-aemifrS w? y-W? acs\ a|S"mwGe`f (-ew [k zwf)
p, u- aemuf w? U-]yK\? acs\ a|S "mwGe`f (vuFmY U-udk u-[kzwf)
wdZ-oko? |k[-aemufr?S ypPn:f w? y\ uQ-a'G "mwGeaf us`( uQ- ukd c-[kzwf )
omo, 'do? aemuf|dS w-ud?k \d-qd?k wd-udk \dd y`
'do-aemifr?S udpP w-Si?hf wk,H wGm-p wd?hk \, \KH? \m-uHK? rSww
f Hk y\rJ`
o-Z qH:k "mwf? ykp-"mwfw?hdk aemuf\yf w-rSm? "mwGeyf g? rSepf mG -a'G:]yK`
<Z-> t? -y\? aemufrS -\S\d m`
e, \-Sihf r? "mwGrSm? w-aSmif:\m? acsyg xdu
k o
f ifph mG `
tcsKd aom w? -y\?k Ak' ygVd avsmaf p\ef`
-<SOo
f nfh w? aSmif:avurl? e, \-Sihf r? "mwG? avmyr]zpfay`
Z-um\? aemuf|dS w? wuG -a'G:]yK`
\-aemifrS w? y-? acs\ a|S "mwGe`f
bd'g'dr?S aemuf|dS w-rSm? , t? csKd TE? acs\ a|S "mwGe`f

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387

[m ponfaemuf? E -uD:a\muf ? razguf ei<f]yef`

[-aemuf|dS w? [-y\? a|S[, V-y, 'DC |`
w-aSmif: Xm-yg? tpdwf tm? rSepf mG , T pOfwikd :f ]yK`
em-w-aSmif:\m? rm-> tm? rSepf mG -]yK\m`
w-aSmif: a}-rSm? }D-]yK\m? Zm-[m-aemuf|,dS wd -udk ed`
trnfa[mvwf? awmifw
h tyf\m? "mwfaemufrmS ? oufyg wd-Sihf udw`f
twl uwWm? a|Sud<m? oufyg wke, wGm, wGme`
ykAm -y\? ormeSi?hf vuQE-a[wk? eufig:ck? oufr wke, wGm, wGme`
wma<-wka<? wH-k wa0-wd?hk wlav uwWm? eufpm? "mwfrmS ouf\uke`f
wGm ponfay? <-]yKav? csKd aus tm-aemufwiG `f
<-tpD\if? |kyo
f iG ]f yif? <cifqw
kd ikd :f ay`
r, [, '-aemuf? wGm'da\mufr?l razmuf rR, <S? Z-y\? acs\ a|S"mwGe`f
baemif wGm'd? AB, 'g od? acsbd a|S"mwGe`f (vuFmY AB-udk b? 'g-udk 'g-[kzwf)
p, e, \, ? aemufwmG 'd? ybd \pP-om`
'do-aemifr?S wGm'dus? oGme, oGm-ay "mwGeaf us`
'do-aemufwiG ?f wGm'd]rif? w-yif ausvwf wpfenf:rSw`f
od-"mwf aemufwmG ? <-]yK\m? -rSm tm-]zpf\`
wD, "rf, om? uwfeufrmS ? owMm}dE
k :f ]y? wk-ouf\`
[d-"m-Ze? wk-p? aemufrS wk-ypPn:f `
omo, 0o? ponfr?S ouf\ \wMK vdi,f }dE
k :f |`
rme, bmo? ponfr?S ouf\ \mwk }dE
k :f owMK`
yg Sihf "\? ponfrS aemuf? \dw-k a\muf? razguf 'DC, "Dwm]y`
oky, yV? Zd-"mwfp? aemufrS e-ouf`
wD, "rf, om? uwfeufrmS ? oufyg |l, Ek, OD, El, O`
"mwf> aemufay? uG-d oufav? ausap uGyd g "mwGeyf g`
wpfv:Hk "mwfaemuf? uG-d viaf \muf? ausaysmuf uG-d xnf:om`

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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
uGd ypP<? aSmif:avurl? 'do-a|Sr?S <-aww Si?hf r-trS? ormeyg?
ud o
H 'Ngwd?hk <m - wm - { - T? rm-om-uD? tnD pOfwidk :f ]yK`
yk'af emif 'do? '-udk \ Si?hf qH:k o-uQ a'G? o-udak cs? raoG 'DC-]yK`
[em'd-rS? ypPn:f \? [-udk C-vnf:]yK`
"\, 0\, p\-p]zm? "mwfaemufrmS ? oufyg \rRwnf:`
'g, "maemifr?S onm]y? ouf\ -ypPn:f `
rke, <w? t-p]zm? "mwfaemufrmS ? oufyg -ypPn:f `
cD-p-aemuf ref? e- aus]yef? wpfzef t' aemuf r-w`
orm'dr?S x Sihf r? ouf\ Spyf pPn:f `
u\-aemifr?S \d\<
d ? csKd r ud-ae -udak cs`
0Z-p]zm? "mwfaemufrmS ? oufyg Es-wnf:`
ow, ew? rm, Ze-Si?hf ue-p]zm? "mwfaemifrmS oufyg <-ypPn:f `
|kZm'dr?S ypPn:f q? a|SrS "mwGef p-]yK\ef`
r\-aemifr?S ws, wsK? TSpcf ?k acsr a\S"mwGe`f
um\uykdif: (yk'fa\- 11)
vdi,f tm, u\E? or,tyg? omrsm,"m\? vuQE, a[wk? rSw|f ud<m 0dao?
eufaxGaxG? oufav yxrm`
ok', oHoXf? Spv
f }d w
F ?f ouftyf yxrm`
uH, ud<m0d? um\d, tpPe?f urRy, qD? owWr,D wwd<m? orf,tyg? [dwyf g
'kw<
d mouf`
tky'H? vuQEH iS ?hf wMb
H w
l ? csmw, 0dpm? bm}g, [De? o[wMa]cmuf?
]zpfa]rmuf ywd? y\d-Spf rSm? a\Sav:]zmwnf:? ok:H ]zma|S bd? rSwo
f d }\[m?
"Do'Ng? rsm:pGm urRy0 peD<`
t\m tbdawm? y\dawm ywd? ydbmwd-<SO\f m? qDrmS oufyg'kw<
d m`
u|kE
d :f , uwf, uH? yg'gef, o[m'd? [dwo
f ,d owWr?D wpfvD t}F? 0daooe,
wMr?f wpfzef y-0}f? ponfeuf oufav wwd<m`

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389

or'gef, uH? yg'gef, omrD? owWrv

D si?f earm <SO\f m? ponfrmS ? oufyg pwkw`DM
yg'gef, o[m'd? omrd, uH, a[? wpfaxG um\E? tm"m\euf? u|kE
d :f pGu?f
oufav yOPr`D
uH, yg'gefv<f? ud<mv<f[?k Spo
f <
G u
f mv? a' o'N? um\urac;`
omrD, urR? u\E, uwf? wpf\yf o[m'd? t0"d, tm"m? ed',f tem-Si?hf <SO\f m
omrd? tp\Sd oufbd qD 0d`
joumoeuf? wpfcsuf ed'g ? tem, urR? u\E, ed? t0"d, or'g? umvm, bm0?
<SO\f omrd? tp\Sd oufbd owWr`D
ormofykdif: (yk'fa\- 53)
aygif:, pyf tyf]im:? emrfy'k rf sm:? rSwo
f m: ormo`
edygwf,|kV?D emrf|Vk D iS ?hf trnf, }kE,f Zmwf? a[mtmcsmwf? ormof ]zpfonfom`
tAs, urR? 'd, wyf, A? 'GN a]cmuformof`
Oyom\? edygw-wk?hd a|Su|Sad e? ]ymef:acs? ac;av As<d eyko
H `d
ormof,w'?d 0gus\v
dS wf? 0dbwf,ypP<? y',tuQ\m? tm}kyH g? yD:cg ausap
csKd raus`
acsyD: wku
H ? uif: y'? rlv yuwd`
uGp-d o'Ng? vdu
k o
f nfw
h majumif?h rDrmS vpfvyf? w, q, owf? 0duyft-H yap`
As<D t-aemif? tH-yaqmif? ]cm:aemif ausap 0dbwfawG`
yk'w
f nf, 0gus? teuf]yI? a]cmuf0qkid \f m? pyfonmSi?hf omref ormof? acsvwf,
yuwd? emrfib
hJ ?d rSwo
f d ormof|yk w
f u
G pf Of`
edpo
P rmof? trJpyfI? uif:vwf0gus? 0d[? tnyk']f zifh y`
eyko
H rmof? av:\yf As<?d A, 'Ge,f 'd-vm? 'DCrSm rSepf mG \y`
0dao-ykA? OwW\-Si?hf Ob<yg? Oyrm,orf? wpfzef t0"m? e,uk, yg? uk:d ]zm
urR "m\m<f`
0daooe? 0daoos? y'Spq
f ?l t\wl? rSw<
f l urR"m\m<f`

390
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
urR"m\<? 0d[rSm? p,w-o'Ng? yg,ryg? Sp]f zmvk:H yifoif`h
0d}dK[f y\m? yk'w
f ikd :f rSm? yxrm0dbwfiS `hf
wkvsm"du\E? aemufy'ajumif?h r[-rSm? y r[m? \Hcg r[-y`
aemufy'k t
f \? y"meajumif?h urR,'d}?k TSpcf k ac;rwyK\do`f
ykr-qk:H t? ausaysmuf\? vd}pF onf aSmif:ormof`
urf, A[kA[
D ?d wMv
d id rf mS ? bmodwm ykr? xD-o'N ppf? ykvid ]f zpf? aSmif:vpf
wkvsm"du\E-yk'`f
urR"m\<? w-o'N? a|S u
h vdio
f v
hkd u
kd `f
wyf, A-ormof? e-edygwfp?k t-ty? tef-y o\aSmif:`
ty, ukp?d teuf\dS uk? um-ty? u'f-y o\aSmif:`
urR"m\<? ormoyif? a\SuocsmF ? \Sad v\m? qifu
h m 'd}ak c;` (ta]cyo'Ng)
orm[m\m? torm-[k? 'd Spcf ?k a|S }h k eyk,H {u0kp`f
'd}o
k rmof? urf, 'd,wyf? ok:H \yf trnfwiG `f
ormofq:Hk \S?d \mZm'demrf? qk:H rSeo
f \? tcsKd t? wpf0 t,u-ouf`
aemufy'k f iS phf yf? a|S \h yf trm'd? wyK\d? ]ym:bda]cmufrsK:d ay`
a|Strm'd? aemuf]yefb?d ygVdavsmaf p\ef`
ykA, r? om<-wGx
J w
k ?f t[-yk'?f yvkyf tS-ay`
raus0b
d wf? yk'w
f pJG yf? ormof tvkw`W
wkv,f bde-f 'Gyd '? wdy'Si?hf e,o[, O? rSw|f h oacsmF ? 'd, As-aSm? rSwaf vm
A[kAo
f rmofu:dk `
tnyk'ef uf? yk'cf si:f <Su?f wGq
J ufA[kA[
D `d
tnyk'0f <f? ckpS o
f <
G 0f b
d wf? ]ym:wkv
H wf? ormofA[kAf ckpS yf g:`
wGyJ 'k f pS q
f ?l 0dbwfw?l rSw<
f 'l ydG ' wkvsm"du\E`
"k, "rR? ponfr?S ouf\ tm-ypPn:f `
wMD T, OD? e'D-<l? aemufrl u -ypPn:f `
wGyJ 'k f pS yf g:? 0dbwf]ym:? rSwo
f m:bdm"du\E`

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391

ok:H yk'w
f x
JG w
k f ? wdA[kAw
f nf:? a\Syh 'k f o[? e, O-]y? o[, e, O-ykAy '`
0gteufY? pcf suo
f cFsm? wGpJ yf\m? rSwyf goacsmF b<y'`
Spcf t
k \yf? jum:,a'gif\h yfrmS ? wGpJ yf\m rSwyf gwdo\mVwf`
qefu
h sib
f ufrsm:? wGpJ yf]im:? rSwo
f m: Asw[
d m\ vuQE`
]yefveS rf \l m? ]y\myk'rf sm:? wGpJ yf]im:? rSwo
f m: Asw[
d m\vuQE`
0dbwfwel mrf? aygif:pyf]yef? rSw\f ef 'Geo
f rmof`
yk'w
f ikd :f yxrm? p-<SOu
f m? 'Gerf mS 0d}Kd[f y`
orkp<
P ? xGe:f vif:]y? <SO\f 'Gerf mS po'Ng`
rmwk, ydw?k a|Syh 'k f O? tm-y awok0'k `f
ywdaSmif:\m? Zm<m-rSm? \Hcg wk',H Zmed-y`
<mOf, ppf,owW0g? wl\<
d mrsm:? t}Fgxm:I? i<f]im:owW? wlr,qefu
h si?f ponfwiG ?f
pyf<OS f 'Gef eyk{H uwf`
vdi]f cif: qefu
h si?f ocsmF o'Ng? y\drmE? ype-Si?hf pmvr? q<fck 'dom? ponf
rSm? tm'dowfrw
S ?f eyk{H uwf`
opfyif, ]ruf, om:? pyg:Sihf Opf? Zeyk'pf ? tcsKd r? 'GeN yk:H {uwfxm:`
qefusib
f uf, iSu?f ponfeuf? xnfph u
G f tm'd 0dbmod`
au, t, , o? 'Geaf v:0wGi?f au,t-r]zpf? ,o-]zpf? rSwv
f pf ormom`
t]rwfa[mpk? <k0? o\, ocsmF ? enf:\m a|S u
h s? o\ p,]yef? tum\ef?
trSef 'Gerf mS a|S ah eap`
w'w
d yf idk :f (yk'fa\- 72)
emrfy'k f teuf? wd:k wufapr? aus:Zl:y? rSw|f Em'd w'w
d o
f `d
om:, oR:D rS? a]r:, ]rpfp? typP-teufac;`
qd<? yk'af emifrv
S si?f E,Em<e? Eme, aE<s? Ed, Edu-i?hf Es, E0g?
aE\-yg? ud:k ]zm typP ypPn:f `
E-tkAef? 0k'
d e ?f acs\eftrJom`

392
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
yk'pf , tv<f? tqk:H 0<fyif? oH<}k jf uOf? vkv
d if 0k'd y`
t-uku
d m:- tm? -TrSm {? O-ODa'G:? ya\: jo-0k'`d
oHo Si?hf w\wd-p? teuf]y? Edu- wwd<vdif ponfaemifouf`
t"Daw, uw? eda<m}, od? ZD0,d o yd ? b p? ouf\ Eduyif`
, O um\d<? <, 0-a\SrmS ? {, jo-vm? rSepf mG rSwu
f ek jf u?
\wW, 'H? wpfzef b0? ed0go-pGu?f ponfeuf pcf suf E,aE<s`
tp , O? E-aemif:r? tm-y, \d-vnf:vm`
Zeyk'af [m? yk'o
f abm? rSwaf vm ykvid ,f A[k0pk `f
Zmw-p]zm? teufrmS vsi?f rm, <? u, <? ud<, Es-ouf`
om"k, [dw? b0, Zmwm? ponfrmS ? oufyg <, Es `
orl[euf? ypPn:f ouf? ok:H csuf E, uEf, wm`
a<m}0dbm}? wm-]zifh ]y? twMouwf xDrJrw
S `f
w' Xme? [dw-p? <-ypPn:f ouf`
tm<dwwW? Oyrm]y? Xmeedd v-oufb`d
wA[v
k euf? tmvk-ouf? aemufqufcsKd rmS u-vnf:vm`
ydbm}? ukpw
d , onm? kurm'd? teufod oufbd u-ypPn:f `
ud -H Sihf <, w? {w-aemufrmS ? y\drmE? teuf]y? wWu, 0K-ouf`
rmwk, ydw?k Spcf ak emufbuf? q-vio
f uf? teuf b}de`D
rmwk, ydw?k Spcf ak emufbuf? tmr[-ouf? teuf rmwmydw-k rSm`
rmwk-aemufbuf? Ov-ouf? teuf bmwk-rSm`
wyuwdeuf? r<-ouf? wpfcsuf edA, ouwM`
qd<? vdiaf emifrv
S si?f Es, wW, wm? wWe-yg aE<s? uEf SiE
hf ? bm0,
urR, ouwM`
Es, wW-Si?hf wWe-ok:H ]zm? eyk:H om? wm-rSm wMD rJ`
w\, wr? odu-Si?hf <-wpf]zm? -yg? ouf\m 0daoo`
<, ? aSmif:wku
H rl? 0k-udk Z? yowM? o, Z-Sprf sK:d y`

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393

tdu-um:? ae'-xm:I? wpf]cm: AV? y om"? <, - aSmif:?`

<, ? aSmif:wku
H rl? ty, <k0g? uEf-y\m? <k0g E-udk e-]yefy`
<, ? aSmif:avurl? a|S rh S 0K? 0D, rK? ok:H ck ausprJ`
ar"m, rm<m? yk'af emufom? oufyg 0D-od? twM`d
aom, v, 0? tmv, w-Si?hf 0, tmrD? oEf-ponf? oufyD twM`d
wyg'dr?S oD-ouf\? t twM-d euf`
t0Efaemifr?S T, u? t twM-d euf`
r"Gm'dr?S ypPn:f -\? oufju twM`d
}kEm'dr?S 0K-]y? oufju twM`d
t0EfjuOfb?d owd-paemuf? rK-a\muf? eufaumuf twM`d
pN, ygy? ponfaemuf|? rK? oufr t twMed uf`
rK-aSmif:r? tm<k-O ? rSw|f to-y`
o'g'dr?S ypPn:f E? oufju twM`d
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395

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396

y
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twl
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397

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398
0d b wf
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o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
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t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

399

twl ...
b*0g oDv0g ,m0g? [dr0g owdrm wxm/
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Yk v
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*pEm 'd*P
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*pEm 'd*P
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NyD;aumif; aom yk'ftaygif;onf ykvdif *pEm'd*dkPf;rnf\?
kyfpOf[efum; .....
0dbwf
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twl ...
{0H o,H p&H wd|H? ''H bkOH okPH ypH/
ZD&H rD,H p0H u&H? b0H oH t&[H r[H/ paom o'gwdkYudkvnf;odav/
xdkyk'fwdkYwGif u&H-t& ykvdif ua&mEo'g kyfpOf[efum; .....

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

400
0d b wf
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y b0H
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y oH oaEm
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t|Siw
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401

oaE
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tm-jyK NyD;aomtcg &mZm-[k tmum&Ejzifh NyD;aumif;aomyk'ftaygif;onf
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kyfpOf [efum; .....
y
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abm&mZ &mZm
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w
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402

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

rD
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twmaem
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twmaem
twae[d twaebd
twmeH
twae[d twaebd
twaeok tawok/
ocgaem ocga,m ocdaem
abmaEm ocgaem ocga,m
ocdaem
ocgaem ocga,m ocdaem
ocga&[d bd oac[d bd
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ocga&[d bd oac[d bd
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ykrm'd*dkPf;
wnfaomtcg ykr [k tum&Ejzifh wnfNyD;vQif ykrEmodrSd okwfjzifh
ykrtqHk; t-udk 0dbwfESifhwuG tmjyK NyD;aomtcg ykrm [ktmum&E jzifh
NyD;aumif;aomyk'ftaygif;onf ykrm'd*dkPf;rnf\? ykrm'd*dkPf;onf ykvdif
omwnf;/(yk&dom'd*kdPf;twkdif; ykarm ykrm-ponfjzifh 0dbwfwkdif;yg0ifap ykr-o'g xl;jcm;csufESifhwuG kyfpOf&rnf)
kyfpOf[efum; .....
0d b wf
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t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f
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a[ykrH ykr ykrm

ykrH
ykrkem ykrmem ykare
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403

abmaEm ykrmaem ykrm

ykrmaem ykar
ykrmae[d bd ykar[d bd
ykrmeH
ykrmae[d bd ykar[d bd
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aem 0g-jzifh o-udk aem-jyK/

y'rmvmxl:onfh ykvid f t-um\ o'Ngrsm:rSmyk\o

d , re, }kE0K, }p, o, b0, \mZ, ]A[R, twW, oc-ponfiS hf ykr-ponf`

404

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ykvdif um&E o'gum; t*do'g wnf;/ kyfpOf[efum; .....
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t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

405

yk v d i f um&E y k ' f r sm;

aZmwd ygPd *Pd rk|d? ukpd 0wd omvd 0D[d/
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od rked rPd "ed ,wd *d&d &0d u0d/
uyd tod rod ed"d 0d"d t[d udrd ywd/
[&d t&d wdrd uvd Avd Zv"d *[ywd/
Ok"dwd 0&ywd edky"d t"dywd/ (16-vHk;zJGU tpv "dwd *gxm)
tOvd om&xd tm'd? mwsm0"d orm"dp/
twdxd O'"d ap0? ra[m'"d yblwa,m- paom o'gwkdYudkvnf; odav/
t*ded-kyfonf t*d-o'gESifhomqdkifonf? <uif;yk'fwdkY rSd? tm'd-o'g o-
tm'dawm Mo p-t& tm'd H tma'g-[k 2-kyf ykd\/ <uif; t*d-o'g ESifhwl/
ykvdif um&E
ykvdif um&E o'gum; '@Do'gwnf;? kyfpOf[efum; .....
y
'@D
'@D '@daem
tm
abm'@d
abmaEm'@D '@daem
'k
'@ '@deH
'@D '@daem
w
'@dem
'@D[d '@Dbd
p q
'@d '@daem
'@DeH
rD
'@dom rSm '@dem '@D[d '@Dbd
o
'@do rSd '@ded
'@Do/k
twl ...
"rD oHCD mPD [wD? puD yuD 'gXD &|D/
qwD rmvD 0rD a,m*D? bm*D abm*D umrD omrD/ (8-vHk;zJGU 0dZKrmvm *gxm)
"ZD *PD ooD uk|D? Z#D ,meD okcD odcD/
'ED rED u&D pm*D? ukovD rkovD AvD/ (yxsm0w*gxm)
ygyum&D owKCmwD? rmvsum&D 'DCZD0D/
"rpm&D oDC,m,D? oD[em'D blrd,m,D/ (aow0 &-um& 0dykvm? l-bm-#D) paom o'g

406

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

wkdYkudkvnf; odav/ *grPD- o- 0dbwf ed- tjyKrSd/

(w'dwf 0D oD -yp,Ersm;ESifh udwf tm0D PD wm0D yp,Ersm;? udG-yp,E um&E"mwfjzifh NyD;aomo'grsm;onf
yk v d i f um&E0ifrsm; jzpfMuonf)

ykvid f Oum&E
ykvdif Oum&Eo'gum; bduKo'gwnf;? kyfpOf[efum; .....
y
bduK
bduL bdua0g
tm
abmbduK
abmaEm bduL bdua0 bdua0g
'k
bduHK
bduL bdua0g
w
bduKem
bduL[d bd bduK[d bd
p q
bduK bduKaem
bduLeH bduKeH
rD
bduKom rSm bduKem bduL[d bd bduK[d bd
o
bduKo bduKrSd
bduLok bduKok/
twl ...
aowk auwk &m[k bmPk? y*Fk.pK a0VK rpK p/
odEK AEK aek ark? owLok umk a[wk p/ ( owLok= owK + Ook)
y#K omEk a0Pk yHok? [EGmck *kk ZEK p/ ( [EGmck= [Ek + tmck)
yok om"k cgPk tm,k? "EGHok 0g,k om'k p/ ("EGHok= "ek + tHok)
paomo'gwdkYudkodav/ (yke&m,k p ar va'g? 'D- 2? 227)

a[wko'NgY a<m-twdik :f xm:aom a[wka<m-wpf|yk yf >

kd ?
a[wl, a[wa0g, a[wka<m-ponf`
ZK-o'NgY a<m-twdik :f xm:aom|ky,f a<m-udk aem-yaom|kyw
f yhdk >
kd `
ZL, Za0g, ZKa<m, ZKaem-ponf`
ow m 'd * d k P f ;
wnfaomtcg owK[k Oum&EjzifhwnfNyD;vQif owK ydwm'Derm odo
odavmayg p-okwjf zihf O-udk tm-jyK od-udak cs Ny;D aomtcg owm-[k tmum&
E jzifNh y;D aumif;aomyk't
f aygif;onf owm'd*P
kd ;f rnf\? owm'd*P
kd ;f owK-

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

407

paom o'gwdkYonf ykvdifwnf;? rmwk-paom o'gwdkYum; wdvdifwnf;/

kyfpOf[efum; .....
y owm
owma&m
tm abmow owm
abmaEm owma&m
'k owm&H
owma&m
w owm&m owKem
owma&[d bd owL[d bd
p q owK owKaem owK
owm&meH owmeH owLeH
rD owm&m
owma&[d bd owL[d bd
o ow&d
owma&ok owLok
twl ...
uwm bwm 0wm aewm? aewm ewm "mwm aqwm?
*Em abwm 'gwm rEm? bmwm rmwm "Dwm {aw / (0dZKrmvm*gxm)
paom o'gwdkYudkodav/
xdkwGif ydwk-paom o'gwdkY ydwm'De rodrSdokwfjzifh tm&\ tmudk &jyK
owma&m ponft&m ]]ydwa&m}} ponf jzpf\? ydwko'g kyfpOf[efum;- - -

y
ydwm
ydwa\m
tm abm ydw, ydwm?
abmam ydwa\m`
'k
ydw\H?
ydwa\m, ydwa\`
w
ydw\m, ydwek m?
ydwa\[d, bd, ydw[
l ,d bd, ydw[
k ,d bd`
p, q
ydw,k ydw
k , ydwak em? ydw\meH, ydwmeH, ydwel ,H ydwek `H
rD
ydw\m?
ydwa\[d, bd, ydw[
l ,d bd, ydw[
k ,d bd`
o
ydw\d?
ydwa\ok, ydwo
l ,k ydwo
k `k
Ttwl--bmwm Zmrmwm-ponfwkd uv
kd nf:odav`
rSwcf su`f owMm'd}E
kd :f Y owMKSiw
hf al om o'Ngenf:>? ydwk iS w
hf o
l nfomrsm:>`
owMm'd}E
dk :f yD:>`
ykvid f Oum\ yD:>`

408

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
ykvdif ODum&E

ykvdif ODum&E o'gum; tbdblo'gwnf; ....kyfpOf[efum; ...

y
tbdbl
tbdbl tbdbka0g tbdbkaem
tm abmtbdbk
abmaEmtbdbl tbdbka0g tbdbkaem
'k
tbdbkH
tbdbl tbdbka0g tbdbkaem
w
tbdbkem
tbdbl[d tbdblbd
pq tbdbk tbdbkaem
tbdbleH
rD
tbdbkom rSm tbdbkem
tbdbl[d tbdblbd
o
tbdbko tbdbkrSd
tbdblok/
twl--tbdbl 0wbl orL ? ybl 0dbl y&mbdbl/
oAl 0dl &wl? umvl yg&*l pdar/
ponfwdkYudkvnf; enf;wl pOfav? oAl a0'*l 0dl-ponfwdkYum; a0gtjyKrSd? aem-tjyKomSdonf? o[bl o'gum; a0g aem 2-yg;pHkjyK kyfpOfav/
ykvdif Moum&E o'gum; a*go'gwnf; ... kyfpOf[efum; .....
y
a*g
*ga0g *a0g
tm a[a*g
abmaEm *ga0g *a0g
'k
*g0H *0H *g0Hk
*ga0g *a0g
w
*ga0e *a0e
a*g[d a*gbd
pq *g0 *0
*0H a*geH *kEH
rD
*g0om rSm *g0g *0om rSm *0g a*g[d a*gbd
o
*g0o rSd *ga0 *0o rSd *a0
*ga0ok *a0ok a*gok/
a*g-o'gudk a*gP-jyK&m 0dbwfpHkjzifh yk&dom'd*kdPf; twkdif; pOfav/ a*gP
eHrSd 0g? ok[demok p- 2-okwfwkYdjzifh eH ok [d em-6-vHk;? ok[demok p- p-jzifh
<uif; 8-vkH;wkdYaMumifh a*gP-jyK/

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

409

y'rmvmxl:onfh tum\r[kwfaom ykvdif o'Ngrsm:rSmtmum\twGuf

om- o'Ng?
um\twGuf
td, tm'd-o'Ng?
Tum\twGuf
'D-o'Ng?
Oum\twGuf
bduKQ , owMK, ydw-k paom o'Ng?
ODum\twGuf
tbdb,l oA-l o'Ng?
joum\twGuf
a}g-o'Ngwdw
hk nf:`
om, td, tm'd, 'D p? bduKQ , owMK, ydwm'a<m`
tbdb,l oAl a}gwd? ykv}d rF dS urm rwm`
ykvid o
f 'gwdw
Yk iG f tum&E yk&o
d m'd*P
kd ;f raem*dP
k ;f *kP0g'd*P
kd ;f *pEm 'd
*dkPf; &mZm'd*dkPf; ykrm'd*dkPf; tm;jzifh 6-*dkPf;yg0if\/ tum&Er[kwfaom
o'gwdkYwGif owK-paomo'gwkdYom owm'd*dkPf;jzpfonf? <uif; &wm'd*dkPf;
wdw
Yk nf;/

ykvid f yD:>`

eykvid f
eykvdif t tm O OD Mo-um&E tm;jzifh 7-yg;/
xdkwGif eykvdif t-um&Eo'gum; pdw-o'gwnf;/
pd w m 'd * d k P f ;
wnfaomtcg ]]pdw}} [k tum&Ejzifh wnfNyD;vQif o [laom okwfjzifh
od0dbwfudk tHjyK NyD;aomtcg ]]pdwH}} [k ed*[DwEjzifh NyD;aumif;aomyk'f
taygif;onf pdwm'd*dkPf;rnf\? pdwm'd*dkPf;onf eykvdifomwnf;/

410

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

kyfpOf[efum; ...
0d b wf
{u0k p f
A[k 0 k p f
y
pdwH
pdwm pdwmed
tm
abm pdw pdwm
b0Emed pdwm pdwmed
'k
pdwH
pdaw pdwmed
w
pdawe
pdaw[d pdawbd
p q
pdw

pdwm eH
rD
pdwom pdwrSm pdwm
pdaw[d pdawbd
o
pdwo pdwrSd pdaw
pdawok
twl ...
"eH p ukovH yknH? 'geH oDvH zvH okcH/
'kuH lyH rlvH ygyH? PH urybkwa,m/ paomo'gwkdYudkvnf; odav/
uro'g em-0dbwfjzifh urKem urem ? o-0dbwfjzifh urKaem? om0dbwfjzifh urKem? od -H 0dbwfjzifh ure-d kyw
f yYkd v
kd eG \
f ? <uif; pdw- o'gESiw
hf o
l nf/
*kP0EK *pE-o'gwdkYonf od-0dbwf *kP0H *kP0EH? *pH *pEH? a,m0dbwf *kP0Em *kP0Emed *kP0Ed? *pEm *pEmed *pEd-[kjzpf\?
<uif;ykvdifESifhwl\/
eykvdiftmum&E o'gum; to'g-o'gwnf;/ ormofNyD;aomtcg oa&m
&am eyko
H au-jzifh &jyK eykvid f tum&Eo'gESit
hf wl y'rmvmpOfav/
rkcemodum-o'gponfwdkYvnf; enf;wl/
eykvdif um&Eo'gum; t|do'gwnf;/ kyfpOf[efum;- - t|d
t|D t|Ded/
a[ t|d
a[ t|D t|Ded/
t|
t|D t|Ded/
t|dem
t|D[d t|Dbd t|d[d t|dbd/
ponfjzifh t*do'gtwdkif;pOfav/

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

411

twl ...
'"d owd 0g&d tud? tpd tpd p oyd p/
tmr*Ed orm'd|d? um&Em eykHoum/ ponfwdkYudkvnf;odav/
(orm'd|d ukvH-paom ormoft&m/ edkwd'DyeD)

eykvdif um&E o'gwdkYonf yHkvdift*d-o'gESifh wlukef\? t*a,m\ t&m

a,meH ed eyHkoau[d- okwfjzifh a,m-udk ed-jyK t|Ded ponfjzpfjcif; t*dded
okwf\ tpDt&ifjzpfaom t*dedkyfrsdK; r&Sdjcif;om xl;jcm;\/
eykvdif um&Eo'gum; okcum&D-o'gwnf;/ kyfpOf[efum; ...
okcum&d ('geH)
okcum&D okcum&Ded/
a[ okcum&d
abmEmed okcum&D okcum&Ded/
okcum& okcum&deH
okcum&D okcum&Ded/
okcum&D oDC,m,D paom um&E o'gwdkYvnf; yHkHvdif '@Do'gESifh
wlukef\? eodod r eyHkoumed[k qdkaomaMumifh od0dbwfaESmif;&m okcum&d
oDC,m,d [k &jyKjcif; '@daem-uJhodkY a,m-udk aem-rjyKbJ a,meHed
eyHkoau[d okwfjzifh ed-jyK okcum&Ded oDC,m,Ded ponfjzpfjcif;om
xl;awmhonf/
eykvdif Oum&E
eykvdif Oum&Eo'gum; tm,ko'gwnf;/ kyfpOf[efum; ...
tm,k
tm,l tm,led/
a[ tm,k
a[ tm,l tm,led/
tm,Hk
tm,l tm,led/
tm,kem tm,kom
tm,l[d tm,lbd tm,k[d bd/
ponfjzifhbduK-o'gtwdkif;pOfav/
twl ...
"Ek puK 0ok 'gk? r"G.rK wdyk [d*Fkp/
od*Fk rwK 0wK Zwk? omvG.k zvk AdEK p/ (tajcjyKo'gwGJbuf)
ponf wdkYudkvnf; enf;wlodav/

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

tm,ko'g em0dbwfjzifh ]]tm,kom}} [k wpfyk'fom raem*Pm'd*dkPf;

tpDt&if0if xl;\/

wdvdif

412

eykvid f ODum&E
eykvdif ODum&Eo'gum; a*gMwblo'gwnf;/
a*gMwbl "rl paom ODum&E o'gpkwdkYvnf; okcum&Do'gESifh wlukef\?
kyfpOf[efum; ...
a*gMwbk (pdwH)
a*gMwbl a*gMwbled
a[ a*gMwbk
a[ a*gMwbl a*gMwbled
ponfjzifh bduKo'gwdkif;pOfav/

eykvid f Moum&E
eykvdif Moum&Eo'gum; pdwa*go'gwnf;/
pdwa*g [k ormofNyD;aomtcg oa&m &am eyHkoau okwfu eykvdif
t&m Mo-udk O-jyKaomaMumifh emrftwGif; ]]pdw*k}} [k Oum&E twdkif;jzpf\/
y'rmvmxl;aom eykvdifo'grsm;pdwH urH p *kP0H? *pEH rkcemodum/
t'|d okcum&D? tm,k p a*gMwbl wxm/
pdwa*gwd eykHoau? oda,maoG0 0daooum/ /
eykvdif tum&Eo'gwdkYwGif *kP0EK-ponf *kP0g'd*dkPf;? *pe-ponf
*pEm'd*dkPf;? <uif; pdwm'd*dkPf;? eykvdif O OD Moum&Eo'grsm;um;
&wm'd*dkPf;o'grsm; jzpfonf/

eyk v d i f N yD ; \

413

wdvdif tm O OD Mo-um&Etm;jzifh um&ef 6-yg;/

wdvdif tmum&E o'gum; unm-o'gwnf;?
unm'd * d k d k P f ;
w,
d rawm tmypa,m-okwjf zifh tmypn;f oufvnf;aumif; Psw
wm bma0 wk-okwfjzifh wm ypnf;oufvnf;aumif; jyD;aumif;aomyk'f
taygif;onf unm'd*dk Pf;rnf\? unm'd*dkPf;onf wdvdifomwnf;/
kyfpOf[efum; ...
0dbwf
{u0kpf
A[k0kpf
y
unm
unm unma,m
tm
abmwduan
abmwda,munm uanma,m
'k
unH
unm unma,m
w
unm,
unm[d unmbd
p q unm,
unmeH
rD
unm,
unm[d unmbd
o
unm, unm,H
unmok
twl- o'g ynm 0dZm arwm? apwem ukPm ybm/
wPSm ykpm odum bdum? qm,m trm obm yZm/
pdEm rEm pm rm,m? 0gpm *gxm crm vwm/
ed'g 'dom *D0g Zd0Sg? y&dom a'0wm uxm/
paom o'gwdkYudkvnf; odav/ trm-ponf *od-udk {-rjyK&? y&dom
obm-wkdY awok 0k'd-ponfjzifh o- ukd wd-jyK? tm-udk &-jyK y&dowd?
obwd-ponf ykdao;\/

414

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

w d v d i f um&E

wdvdif um&E

wdvdif um&Eo'gum; &wd o'gwnf;/

&wm'd*P
kd ;f
&wm'd*dkPf; wdvdif ykvdif eykvdiftm;jzifh 3 yg;tjym;&Sd\? xdkwGif
wdvdif &wm'd*dkPf; O OD um&ef 3 rsdK;&Sd\? xdkwGif wnfaomtcg &wd[k
um&Ejzifh wnfNyD; vQif aooawm avmyH *odydokwfjzifh od 0dbwfudk acs
NyD;aomtcgvnf; &wd[k um&Ejzifh NyD;aumif;aomyk'ftaygif;onf wdvdif
um&E &wm'd*dkPf; rnf\? kyfpOf[efum; .....
y
&wd
&wD &wda,m &awsm
tm abmwd&wd
abmwda,m &wD &wda,m &awsm
'k
&w
&wD &wda,m &awsm
w
&wd,m &wsm
&wD[d &wDbd &wd[d bd
p q &wd,m &wsm
&wDeH &wdeH
rD
&wd,m &wsm
&wD[d &wDbd &wd[d bd
o
&wd,m &wsm &wd,H
&wsH &w &awm
&wDok &wdok/
twlywd ,kwd 0kwd udwd? rkwd wdwd cEd uEd/
oEd wEd od'd ok'd? 'd 0k'd Ak'd aAm"d/
blrd Zmwd yDwd olwd? eEd oEd omPd aum#d/
'd|d 0kd wk|d ,|d? ygVd tmVd emVd auVd/
owd a'gPd *wd pkwd? 0drkwd "dwd 'kEKbd/
&wd orLwd 0oed? kpd t*Fkvd Moo"d/
q0d 0duwd "dwd ,k0wd orwd-paom o'gwdkYudkvnf; odav/ o0dbwfjzifh &awm-rSwpfyg; tjcm;0dbwfrsm; &wd-ESifhwl\/

415

wdvdif um&Eo'gum; wD-o'gwnf;? kyfpOf[efum; ...

y wD
wM,D wMad <m`
tm abmwd wd
abmwda,m wD wda,m/

'k
w
p,q
rD
o

wM<
d ,H wMd ?H
wM<
d m?
wM<
d m?
wM<
d m?
wM<
d m, wM<
d ?H

wM,D wMad <m`

wM[
D ,d wMb
D `d
wMeD `H
wM[
D ,d wMb
D `d
wMo
D `k

twl ...
wD em&D ukrm&D p? wkPD jAm[PD ocD/
rmwkvmeD od&D abmwD? *pED *pwD r[D/
*kP0wD ykx0D p? *g0D rd*D e'g'a,m/ paomo'gwdkYudkvnf;odav/
e'g'd*P
kd ;f
e'g'dawm0g P0 Pdu aP,s PEK[d okwfwdkYjzifh ypnf;ouf
Ny;D aumif;aom yk't
f aygif;onf e'g'd*P
kd ;f rnf\? e'g'd*P
kd ;f onf wv
d id o
f m
wnf;/ kyfpOf[efum; .....
y
e'D
e'D e'da,m eaZm
tm abmwd e'd
abmwda,m e'D e'da,m eaZm
'k
e' e'd,H
e'D e'da,m eaZm
w
e'd,m eZm
e'D[d e'Dbd
p q e'd,m eZm
e'DeH
rD
e'd,m eZm
e'D[d e'Dbd
o
e'd,m eZm e'd,H eZH
e'Do/k
yk'frsm; aZm Zm ZH kyfrsm;rSwpfyg; usefkyfrsm;wl\/

416

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
*[ywm'd * d k P f ;

ywd bduK&mZD.um&aE[d eDokwfjzifh eDypnf;ouf NyD;aumif;aom

yk'ftaygif;onf *[ywm'd*dkPf; rnf\? *[ywm'd*dkPf;onf wdvdefom
wnf;/ kyfpOf[efum; .....
*[ywmeD
*[ywmeD *[ywmeda,m
abmwd *[ywmed
abmwda,m *[ywmeD *[ywmeda,m
*[ywme *[ywmed,H *[ywmeD *[ywmeda,m
odkY ponfjzifh wD o'gESifhtwl pOf&m\/
twl...
bduKeD &mZdeD ap0? '@deD ,udeD yd p/
aygu&PD y&pdw- 0d'el D yd,bmPde/D paom o'gwdu
Yk v
kd nf; odav/
wdvdif Oum&E
wdvdif Oum&Eo'gum; ,m*ko'gwnf;? kyfpOf[efum; .....
y
,m*k
,m*l ,m*ka,m/
tm a[ ,m*k
a[ ,m*l ,m*ka,m/
'k
,m*Hk
,m*l ,m*ka,m/
w
,m*k,m
,m*l[d ,m*lbd ,m*k[d ,m*kbd/
p q ,m*k,m
,m*leH ,m*keH/
rD
,m*k,m
,m*l[d ,m*lbd ,m*k[d ,m*kbd/
o
,m*k,m ,m*k,H
,m*lok ,m*kok/
twl ...
,m*k "mwk umok a"Ek? ''K u@K ua&Pk p/
&ZK ok yd,*FlVK- rmwk "Dwk ar orm/ paomo'gwdkYudkodav/
rmwko'g kyfpOf[efum; .....
y rmwm
rmwa&m

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f
tm abmwdrmw rmwm
'k rmw&H
w rmw&m rmwk,m rwsm
p q rmwk rmwk rmwk,m rwsm
rD rmw&m rmwk,m rwsm
o rmw&d rmwk,m rwsm
rmwk,H rwsH

417

abmwda,m rmwa&m
rmwa&m
rmwa&[d bd rmwl[d bd
rmw&meH rmwmeH rmwleH
rmwa&[d bd rmwl[d bd
rmwa&ok rmwlok/

wMv
d id f ODum\
wMdvdif ODum\o'Ngum:- ZrLo'Ngwnf:`

y
tm
'k
w
p, q
rD
o

ZrL?
a[ ZrK?
ZrK?H
ZrK<m
ZrK<m
ZrK<m
ZrK<m, ZrK<H?

ZrL, ZrKa<m`
a[ ZrL, ZrKa<m`
ZrL, ZrKa<m`
ZrL[d, ZrLbd`
ZrLeH`
ZrL[d, ZrLbd`
ZrLok` (wMDo'NgSifh wl)

twl ...

{0H 0"l p o\bl? o\Al okwl prl`

0grl|l em}emol|?l ormed cvk ZrK<m` paomo'gwdkYudkvnf; odav/
wMv
d id f ODum\yD:>`

wdvdif Moum&Eo'gum; a*go'gwnf;? ykvdifESifh kyfpOfwl\/
y'rmvmxl;aom wdvdifo'grsm;unmrm &wdwD e'D? rmwkvmeD p bduKeD/
aygu&PD ,m*k rmwm? 0"l a*gwd xd,H urm/

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

wv
d id o
f 'gwdw
Yk iG f tmum&Eo'gonf unm'd*P
kd ;f um&Eo'g rsm;onf
e'g'd*dkPf;ESifh *[ywm'd*dkPf;? rmwk-paomo'g owm'd*dkPf;? tjcm;o'grsm;
&wm'd*P
kd ;f wdw
Yk nf;/

eyk v d i f

418

wdvdifNyD;\/

oAemrf*dkPf;
oAemrf trnf&aom yk'w
f o
Ykd nf (oA uw& uwr w& tn tnw&
tnwr ykA y& ty& 'udP Ow& t"& , w {w r trk u {u
Ob Ob, 'Gd wd pwk wkrS trS- tm;jzifh )27-yk'?f y-xnfv
h Qif 28-yk'jf zpf\/
(xdkwGif trk pwk-onf Oum&E? ud H-onf ed*[DwE? 'Gd wd-onf um&E?
<uif; tum&EwdkYwnf;)
oAH uw&H uwrH? Ob,H w&n p/
tnw&H tnwrH? ykAH y&m y&rd p/
'udPkw&"&H ,H wH? {wdrH rkudaru p/
ObH 'Gd wd pwk wkrS? trSEd ow0Dowd/
xdkwGif oAo'g yxrma,m-udk {-jyK? eH-udk oH omeH-jyK? orm o-udk tm {rjyK&jcif;om ykvdif xl;jcm;\/ kyfpOf[efum; .....
y
oaAm
oaA
tm abmoA oAm
abmaEm oaA
'k
oAH
oaA
w
oaAe
oaA[d oaAbd
p q oA
oaAoH oaAomeH
rD
oAom oArSm
oaA[d oaAbd
o
oAo oArSd
oaAok/

y
tm
'k

419

oAH
oAmed
abmoA oAm
b0Emed oAmed
oAH
oAmed/
wwd,m 0dbwfrSp ykvdiftwdkif; kyfpOfav/

wdvdif o o-wkdYudk om oH-jyKjcif;om xl;onf? kyfpOf[efum;

y
oAm
oAm oAma,m
tm abmwd oaA
abmwda,m oAm oAma,m
'k
oAH
oAm oAma,m
w
oAm,
oAm[d oAmbd
p q oAm, oAm
oAmoH oAmomeH
rD
oAm,
oAm[d oAmbd
o
oAm,H oAH
oAmok/
uw&- paom 6-yk'fwdkY wdvdif o o-0dbwfaESmif;&m0,f {wd
rmord okwf vdkufaom p o'gjzifh -jyK uw&dm uw&dH- ponf ydkvGef\/
ykA- paom 6-yk'w
f Ykd wa,m ae0 p oAemar[d- okwu
f tm { tjyK wm;jrpfcsuu
f kd
xdkokwf po'gu jyefEIwfaomaMumifh ykvdif yXrm a,m-ESifh om- ykAm o-
ykaA-[k 3 kyfpD ydkvGef\? xdk 6-yk'fwdkYwGif wdvdif 'udP Ow&-o'gwdkY aewm[d
odrm,,m-okwu
f wm;jrpfcsuu
f kd xdo
k w
k f vdu
k v
f maom 0g-o'gu jyefEIwaf om
aMumifh o0dbwfjzifh 'udPm, Ow&m,-[k ydkvGef\/
ykA-paom 6-yk'fwdkY ykvdif kyfpOf[efum; .....
y
ykaAm
ykaA ykAm
tm abmykA ykAm
abmaEmykaA ykAm
'k
ykAH
ykaA
w
ykaAe
ykaA[d ykaAbd
p q ykA
ykaAoH ykaAomeH
rD
ykAom ykArSm ykAm
ykaA[d ykaAbd

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

420
o

ykAo ykArSd ykaA

ykaAok/

, paom oAemrfyk'frsm; tmvkyfr&Sd? , o'gkyfpOf[efrSm vdif 3-yg;

oAo'gESifh wl\/
w o'g od- o-jyK? <uif;aom 0dbwfwkdY e-jyK rjyK 2-rsKd;pD? o om owkdY w-ukd t-jyK&rnf? ykvdifkyfpOf[efum; .....
y
aom
ae ab
'k
eH wH
ae aw
w
aee awe
ae[d aebd aw[d awbd
p q t e w
aeoH aeomeH awoH awomeH
rD
tom eom wom erSm wrSm ae[d aebd aw[d awbd
o
to eo wo erSd wrSd
aeok awok/
eykvdif
eH wH
emed wmed
eH wH
emed wmed
aee awe
ae[d aebd ponfjzifh ykvdifESifhwl\/
wdvdif o-udk om,-jyK? o o-wkdYudk om oH-jyK wm-\ tmudkvnf; -jyK&rnf? kyfpOf[efum; .....
y
om
em ema,m wm wma,m
'k
eH wH
em ema,m wm wma,m
w em, wm,
em[d embd wm[d wmbd
pq wdm wm tm em
wdm, wm, tm,
em, em, wm,
emoH emomeH wmoH wmomeH
rD
em, wm,
em[d embd wm[d wmbd
o wdH wH tH eH
em,H wm,H
emok wmok/

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f
{wo'g
y
'k
w
pq
rD
o

ykvdifkyfpOf[efum; .....
{aom
{wH
{awe
{w
{wom {wrSm
{wo {wrSd

421

{aw
{aw
{aw[d {awbd
{awoH {awomeH
{aw[d {awbd
{awok/

eykvdif
{wH
{wmed
{wH
{wmed
{awe ...
ponfjzifh yHkvdiftwdkif; pOfav/
wdvdif kyfpOf[efum; .....
y
{om
{wm {wma,m
'k
{wH
{wm {wma,m
w {wm,
{wm[d {wmbd
pq {wm, {wdm {wdm, {wmoH {wmomeH
rD
{wm,
{wm[d {wmbd
o {wm,H {wdH
{wmok/
ro'g ykvdifkyfpOf[efum; .....
y
t,H
ar
'k
rH
ar
w taee rdem
{[d {bd ar[d arbd
pq t r
{oH {omeH aroH aromeH
rD
tom rom rrSm
{[d {bd ar[d arbd
o to ro rrSd
{ok arok/

422

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

eykvdif - 'H rH? rmed? 'H rH? rmed? taee rdem ...
ponfjzifh ykvdiftwdkif; pOfav/
wdvdif kyfpOf[efum; ....
y
t,H
'k
rH
w rm,
pq tm tm, rdm
rdm, rm,
rD
rm,
o tH rdH rm,H

rm rma,m
rm rma,m
rm[d rmbd
rmoH rmomeH
rm[d rmbd
rmok/

trko'g yHv
k id f od-aMumifh r-udk o-jyK? o-aMumifh t'H-k jyK? ed*[
w
d af cs?
kyfpOf[efum; .....
y
tok trk
trl
'k
trHk
trl
w trkem
trl[d trlbd trk[d trkbd
pq trk t'k
trloH trlomeH trkoH trkomeH
rD
trkom trkrSm
trl[d trlbd trk[d trkbd
o trko trkrSd
trlok trkok/
eykvdif tH od-aMumifh trk-udk t'Hk-jyK?
t'Hk
t'Hk
trkem ...
wdvdif kyfpOf[efum; .....
y
tok trk
'k
trkH

kyfpOf[efum; . . .
trl trled
trl trled
ponfjzifh ykvdiftwdkif; pOfav/
trl trka,m
trl trka,m

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f
w
p q
rD
o

trk,m
trk,m trkm
trk,m
trk,H trkH

423

trl[d trlbd trk[d trkbd

trloH trlomeH trkoH trkomeH
trl[d trlbd trk[d trkbd
trlok trkok/

u o'g ykvdif 0dbwftm;vkH;aMumifh u-udk u-jyK? o o-wkdY u-rjyKbJ

vnf; ed*[dwfudkacs &SdEkdifonf? kyfpOf[efum; .....
y
aum
au
'k
uH
au
w aue
au[d aubd
pq u ud
auoH auomeH
rD
uom urSm
au[d aubd
o uo udo urSd udrSd
auok/
eykvdif od-udk acs? u-[kif;? tHaESmif;&m u-\ ed*[dwfudk acs? tH-udk
ed*[dwf jyK u-[kif; xl;onf? kyfpOf[efum; .....
u
umed
u
umed
aue ...ponfjzifh ykvdiftwdkif; pOfav/

wdvdif
y
'k
w
pq
rD
o

kyfpOf[efum; .....
um
uH
um,
um, um
um,
um,H uH

um uma,m
um uma,m
um[d umbd
umoH umomeH
um[d umbd
umok/

424

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

{uo'g\ teufrsm;pGmwdw
Yk iG f ocsmF wkvs twkvs to[m, 4-eufwYkd
{u0k p f o m&S d \ ? {u0k p f uw& o' g twd k i f ; k y f p Of & m\? tn teuf
A[k0kpfom&Sd\? A[k0kpf oAo'gtwdkif; kyfpOf&m\/

w
pq
rD
o

Ob-o'gonf A[k0kpfom&Sd\? vdif 3 yg;vHk; kyfpOfwl\/

kyfpOf[efum; ... Oabm Oab? Oabm Oab? Oabm[d bd Oab[d bd?
ObdEH? Oabm[d bd? Oab[d bd? ObdEH? Oabmok Oabok/
Ob, o'gonf vdif 3 yg; oAo'gESifh wl\? ykvdift&mom a,m0dbwfudk wawm a,mearm wk- wk o'gjzifh MojyK Oba,m-[k ydkvGef\/

trSo'g kyfpOf[efum; .....

y
t[H
'k
rH rrH
w r,m ar
pq rr r,SH trSH rrH ar
rD
r,m
o r,d

'Gd-paom ocsFmwdkY A[k0kpfom&Sd\? 'Gdo'gum; vdif 3 yg;vHk; kyfpOfwl\? kyf

pOf[efum; ...a'G 'ka0? a'G 'ka0? 'GD[d 'GDbd 'Gd[d 'Gdbd? 'GdEH 'k0dEH? 'GD[d 'GDbd
'Gd[d 'Gdbd? 'GdEH 'k0dEH? 'GDok 'Gdok/
wd-o'g ykvdif kyfpOf[efum;...wa,m? wa,m? wD[d wDbd wd[d wdbd?
wdPH wdPEH? wD[d wDbd wd[d wdbd? wdPH wdPEH? wDok wdok/
eykvdif... wDPd? wDPd? wD[d wDbd ponf/
wdvdif...wdam? wdam? wD[d wDbd ponf/ (eH- wdEH-om xl;\)
pwko'g ykvdifkyfpOf[efum;... pwma&m? pwma&m? pwl[d bd pwk[d bd
pwkAd? pwkEH? pwl[d bd pwk[d bd? pwkAd? pwkEH? pwlok pwkok/
eykvdif...pwm&d? pwm&d? pwl[d bd ponf/
wv
d id f ... pwam? pwam? pwl[d bd pwk[d bd pwkA?d pwEH
ponf/
yOo'g vdifoHk;yg;vHk; kyfpOfwl\/ kyfpOf[efum;...yO? yO? yO[d bd?
yOEH? yO[d bd? yOEH? yOok/
q-rS t|m&o-wkdifatmif yO-ESifhwl\/
wkrSo'g kyfpOf[efum; .....
y
wGH wk0H
wkarS a0g wkrSH wkrSmeH
'k
wH w0H wk0H wGH
wkarS wkrSmuH a0g wkrSH wkrSmeH

w,m wG,m aw
w0 wk,SH wkrSH aw
w,m wG,m
w,d wG,d

425

wkarS[d wkarSbd a0g

wkrSmuH wkrSH a0g
wkarS[d wkarSbd
wkarSok/
r,H tarS aem trSH trSmeH
tarS trSmuH aem trSH trSmeH
tarS[d tarSbd aem
trSmuH tomuH trSH aem
tarS[d tarSbd
tarSok taook/

awm-paom ypn;f rsm;oufyHk

oAm'dawm awmMw x "d? 0 [ [H [ " [dOeH/
'g 'gpeH 'ged &[d? "kemwd 'o yO p/
*o'gwdkif;rS? awmouf&\? oAaemufMw? x "dESifh 'g? ,-rSm Mw x? [
'g-us\? waemufrSm Mw? x [ [H 'g? 'gedygwnf;? {wm-Mw x? aemuf r
rS? [ " &[d? 'ged "kem? u aemifrSm Mw? x 0 [ [H? [dOeHESifh? 'gpeH 'g? &[dygudk;? ouf&Edk;onf? a&S;dk;usrf;nD rvGJwnf;/ (0d)
f oAo'g- oAawm oAMw oAw oA"d oA'g (o'g)

,o'g- ,awm ,Mw ,w ,[ ,'g?

wo'g- wawm wMw ww w[ w[H w'g w'ge?d
{wo'g- {awm tawm tMw {w tw?
ro'g- awm [ " w&[d 'ged t"kem?
uo'g- ukawm ukMw ukw uw uG uk[ uk[H u[H uk[Od e H uk'gpeH
u'g u&[d?
tnMw tnw tn'g? ykAM w ykAw
? y&Mw? trkMw? {uw? Ob,w-ponfvnf;&So
d nf/

426

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

tmcsmwy'rmvm
tmcsmwfyk'f taygif;onf tmcsmwf*dkPf;rnfonf? "mwfwdkYudk *dkPf;
tm;jzifh uGJjym;atmifjyKwwfaom ypnf;pkudk 0du&Pypnf; [kac:onf? xdk
tmcsmwf*dkPf;onf 0du&Pypnf;tm;jzifh cGJjcm;onf&Sdaomf bl0g'd*dkPf;
k"m'd*dkPf; 'd0g'd*dkPf; oGm'd*dkPf; ud,m'd*dkPf; *[m'd*dkPf; wem'd*dkPf;
pk&m'd*dkPf; [l &Spfyg;tjym; &Sdonf/
xdw
k iG f ...bl0g'dawm t okwjf zifh t-[laom 0du&Pypn;f ouf
NyD;aumif;aomyk'ftaygif;onf bl0g'd*dkPf;rnfonf? bl0g'd*dkPf; uwm;
teufudk a[maom uwKkyf uHteufudk a[maom urkyf abmteufudk
a[maom bm0ky[
f k 3 rsKd ;&So
d nf? xdw
k iG f bl"mwf 0wrmef 0dbwfjzifh uwKyk f
pOf[efum;...
yk'f
emr
wkrS
trS
{
A
{
A
{
A
y&
wd
tEd
od
x
rd
r
b0wdba0 b0Ed b0od
b0x b0grdba0 b0gr
twaem aw
taE
ao
a0S
{
arS
b0aw
b0aE b0ao
b0a0S
ba0
b0garS

aw
ao
{

wd
od
rd

ur k y f p Of [ ef u m; .....
tEkbl,aw
taE
tEkbl,aE tEkbl,a&
tEkbl,ao
a0S
tEkbl,a0S
tEkbla,
arS
tEkbl,marS
tw a emyk ' f u d k y&yk ' f j yef v Qif .....
tEkbl,wd
tEd
tEkbl,Ed tEkbl,a&
tEkbl,od
x
tEkb,
l x
tEkb,
l mrd
r
tEkbl,mr [k jzpf\

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f
yO r D 0 d b wf j zif h
yk'f
emr
{
A
y&
wk
tEK
b0wkba0 b0EK
twaem wH
tEH
b0wH
b0EH

wH
k
{

yk'f
y&

{x
{axm
{,sH

uw K k y f p Of [ ef u m; .....
wkrS
trS
{
A
{
A
[d
x
rd
r
b0g[db0 b0x b0grdba0 b0gr
k
a0Sg
{
tmrao
b0k b0a0Sg
ba0 b0grao

ur k y f p Of [ ef u m; .....
tEkbl,wH
tEH
tEkbl,EH
tEkbl,k
a0Sg
tEkbl,a0Sg
tEkbla,
tmrao
tEkbl,mrao
ow r D 0 d b wf j zif h uw K k y f p Of [ ef u m; .....
emr
wkrS
trS
{
A
{
A
{
A
{,s
{,sHK
{,smod
{,smx
{,smrd
{,smr

ba0,sba0
twaem

427

ba0,sHK

ba0,smodba0 ba0,smx

ba0,smrdba0 ba0,smr

{x

{&H

{axm

{,sma0Sm

ba0x

ba0&H

ba0axm

ba0,sma0Sm ba0,sHba0 ba0,smarS

ur k y f p Of [ ef u m;
tEkbla,x
tEkbla,axm
tEkbla,,sHtekbla,

.....
{&H
{,sma0Sg
{,smarS

{,sH

{,smarS

tEkbla,&H
tEkbla,,sma0Sg
tEkbla,,smarS

428

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

ya&mu m 0d b wf j zif h uw K k y f p Of [ ef u m; .....

yk'f
emr
wkrS
trS
{
A
{
A
{
A
y&
t
O
{
w
tH
rS
Abl0
Abl0k
Abla0 Abl0dw Abl0H Abl0drS
twaem w
a&
awm
a0Sg
H
arS
Abl0dw Abl0da& Abl0dawm Abl0da0Sg Abl0 Abl0darS
ur k y f p Of [ ef u m; .....
w
tEkAbl0D,dw
a&
awm
tEkAbl0D,dawm a0Sg
H
tEkAbl0D,
arS

tm
OD
Mo
w
tH
rSm
w
wHK
ao
0SH
H
rSao

tEkAbl0D,da&
tEkAbl0D,da0Sg
tEkAbl0D,darS/

[d , sw e D 0 d b wf j zif h uw K k y f p Of [ ef u m; .....
tb0g b0g tb0 b0
tb0l b0l tb0k b0k
tba0g ba0g tb0 b0 tb0d b0d
tb0w b0w tb0x b0x (tb0kw - [krvdk)
tb0H b0H
tb0rSm b0rSm tb0rS b0rS (tb0krSm ponfrvdk)
tb0w b0w tb0x b0x
tb0wHK b0wHK
tb0ao b0ao
tb00SH b00SH
tb0 b0
tb0rSao b0rSao

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

w
wHK
ao
0SH
H
rSao

429

ur k y f p Of [ ef u m; .....
tEGbl,w tEkbl,w tEGbl,x tEkbl,x
tEGbl,wHK tEkbl,wHK
tEGbl,ao tEkbl,ao
tEGbl,0SH tEkbl,0SH
tEGbl, tEkbl,
tEGbl,rSao tEkbl,rSao/

tm
OD
ao
0SH
t
arS

tZ w eD 0 d b wf j zif h uw K k y f p Of [ ef u m; .....
tb0D b0D tb0d b0d
tb0Hk b0Hk tb0ok b0ok tb0Hok b0Hok
tba0g ba0g tb0 b0 tb0d b0d
tb0dw b0dw tb0kw b0kw
tb0 b0
tb0drSm b0drSm tb0drS b0drS tb0krSm b0krSm tb0krS
b0krS
tb0g b0g tb0dw b0dw
tb0l b0l tb0k b0k
tb0dao b0dao
tb0d0SH b0d0SH
tb0 b0 tb0H b0H (t-udk tH-y? l-278)
tb0darS b0darS/

tm
OD
ao
0SH

ur k y f p Of [ ef u m; .....
tEGbl,m tEkbl,m tEGbl,dw tEkbl,dw
tEGbl,l tEkbl,l tEGbl,k tEkbl,k
tEGbl,dao tEkbl,dao
tEGbl,d0SH tEkbl,d0SH

OH
Mo
w
H
rSm

430
t
arS

wd
od
mrd
aw
ao
H

aw
ao
H

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f
tEGbl, tEkbl, tEGbl,H tEkbl,H
tEGbl,darS tEkbl,darS/
b0d E D 0 d b wf j zif h uw K k y f p Of [ ef u m; .....
b0dwd
Ed
b0dEd b0da&
b0dod
x
b0dx
b0dmrd
mr
b0dmr
b0daw
aE
b0daE b0da&
b0dao
a0S
b0da0S
b0dH
marS
b0dmarS/
ur k y f p Of [ ef u m;
tEkbl,daw aE
tEkbl,dao a0S
tEkbl,dH
marS

.....
tEkbl,daE tEkbl,da&
tEkbl,da0S
tEkbl,dmarS/

umvmwd y w d 0 d b wf j zif h uw K k y f p Of [ ef u m; .....

m
tb0dm b0dm tb0d b0d
Hok
tb0dHok b0dHok
a
tb0da b0da tb0d b0d ({-udk t-y? l-283)
x
tb0dx b0dx
H
tb0dH b0dH
mrSm tb0dmrSm b0dmrSm tb0dmrS b0dmrS
x
tb0dx b0dx
dok(ok) tb0ddok b0ddok (tb0dd Hok b0dd Hok)
ao tb0dao b0dao
a0S
tb0da0S b0da0S

tb0d b0d
mrSao tb0dmrSao b0dmrSao/

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

431

ur k y f p Of [ ef u m; .....
x
tEGbl,dx tEkbl,dx
dok
tEGbl,ddok tEkbl,ddok
ao tEGbl,dao tEkbl,dao
a0S
tEGbl,da0S tEkbl,da0S

tEGbl,d tEkbl,d
mrSao tEGbl,dmrSao tEkbl,dmrSao/
twl azmfjyvwHYyk'fwkdYudkvnf; y'rmvmpOfav/
yp- ygau (csufjcif;usufjcif;)? ypwd yap? ypEd? ypod? ypx-ponf/
ur k yf - ypD,aw? ypd,saw? ypaw? (csuftyf\)
*rk- *wdrSd (*wdteuf)? *arwd? *pwd? Crwd? (oGm;\)
ur k yf - *rD,aw? *rd,saw? *rsaw? *pD,aw? *pd,saw? CrD,aw?
Crd,saw? *raw (oGm;tyf\)
ok- pmuEDok (tvkd&Sdjcif;? ESpfoufjcif;)? pwd? {owd? (tvdk&Sd\)
ur k yf - pD,aw? {oD,aw? aw? (tvkd&Sdtyf\)
vb- vmab (&jcif;)? vbwd? (&\)
ur k y f - vbD,aw? vAaw (&tyf\)
0p- 0d,wd,H0gpm,H (yDjyifxif&Sm;aompum;)? 0pwd? (qkd\)
urkyf- 0pD,aw? 0kpaw? Opaw (qkdtyf\)
0o- ed0gao (aejcif;)? 0owd? (ae\)
urkyf- 0oD,aw? 0kaw (aetyf\)
0[- ygyaP (a&mufapjcif;)? 0[wd? (&Gufaqmif\)
urkyf- 0[D,aw? 0k,Saw? 0kvSaw (arQmtyf\)
Z&- 0a,m[medrSd (t&G,frS,kwfjcif;)? ZD&wd? ZD,swd? ZD,wd (tdk\)
r&- ygPpma* (toufudkpGefYjcif;) r&wd? rD,swd? rD,wd (ao\)
'do- ayuae (MunhfIjcif;) ywd? 'uwd? (jrif\) 'dwd (xif\)
urkyf- yD,aw? 'uD,aw? 'daw (Ityf\)

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

o'- 0do&P *wsm0omaeok (a&GU&Sm;jcif;? vm;jcif;\tqHk;wkdY)? oD'wd (epfjrKyf\)

yoD'wd (Munfdk\) edoD'wdd (xkdifae\)
bm0k y f - edoZaw (xkdifaejcif;)?
,Z- ylZm,H (ylaZmfjcif;) ,Zwd (ylaZmf\)
urkyf- ,ZD,aw? Zaw (ylaZmftyf\)

kEx? tkEH kEH? tkErSm kErSm tkErS kErS? tkEw kEw tkEx kEx?
tkEw
KH kEw
KH ? tkEa o kEa o? tkE0 HS kE0 ?HS tkE kE? tkEr aS o kEr aS o/
urkyfpOf[efum; = edkZw edkZx? edkZwHK? edkZao? edkZ0SH? edkZ?
edkZrSao/
tZweD0dbwfjzifh uwKkyfpOf[efum; = tkED kED tkEd kEd? tkEHK
kEHK tkEok kEok tkEHok kEHok? tkaEm kaEm tkE kE tkEd kEd?
tkEdw kEdw tkEKw kEKw? tkE kE? tkEdrSm kEdrSm tkEdrS kEdrS
tkEKrSm kEKrSm tkEKrS kEKrS? tkEm kEm tkEdw kEdw? tkEL kEL tkEK
kEK? tkEdao kEdao? tkEd0SH kEd0SH? tkE kE tkEH kEH? tkEdarS kEdarS/
urkyfpOf[efum; = edkZm edkZdw? edkZL edkZK? edkZdao? edkZd0SH? edkZ
edkZH? edkZdarS/
b0dED0dbwfjzifh uwKkyfpOf[efum; = kEdwd? kEdEd kEda&?
kEdod? kEdx? kEdmrd? kEdmr/ kEdaw? kEdaE kEda&?
kEdao? kEda0S? kEdH? kEdmarS/
urkyfpOf[efum; = edkZdaw? edkZdaE edkZda&? edkZdao?
edkZda0S? edkZdH? edkZdmarS/
umvmwd y w d 0 d b wf j zif h uw K k y f p Of [ ef u m; = tkEdm kEdm
tkEd kEd? tkEdHok kEdHok? tkEda kEda tkEd kEd?
tkEdx kEdx? tkEdH kEdH? tkEdmrSm kEdmrSm tkEdmrS
kEdmrS? tkEdx kEdx? tkEddok kEddok? tkEdao
kEdao? tkEda0S kEda0S? tkEd kEd? tkEdmrSao
kEdmrSao/
ur k y f p Of [ ef u m;
m;=edkZdx? edkZddok? edkZdao? edkZda0S?
edkZd? edkZdmrSao/
twl azmfjyvwHYyk'fwkdYudkvnf; y'rmvmpOfav/
qd'd- 'Gd"mu&aP (ESpfjzmjyKjcif;)? qdEwd (jzwf\) qdZaw (jzwftyf\)
bd'd- 0d'g&aP (azmufcGJjcif;)? bdEwd (cGJ\) bdZaw (cGJtyf\)

432

k " m'd * d k P f ;
k"m'dawm ed*[DwykAOokwfjzifh ed*[dwfvnf;vm t-[laom 0du&P
ypnf;vnf;ouf NyD;aumif;aom yk'ftaygif;onf k"m'd*dkPf; rnfonf?
k"m'd*dkPf; k""mwf 0wrmef0dbwfjzifh uwKkyfpOf[efum; =
kEwd kaE? kEEd kEa&? kEod? kEx? kEmrd kaE? kEmr/ kEaw? kEaE
kEa&? kEao? kEa0S? kaE? kEmarS/
ur k y f p Of [ ef u m; = edkZaw? edkZaE edkZa&? edkZao? edkZa0S?
edkaZ? edkZmarS/
yrD0dbwfjzifh uwKkyfpOf[efum; = kEwk kaE? kEEK? kEm[d kE?
kEx? kEmrd kaE? kEmr/ kEwH? kEEH? kEk? kEa0Sg? kaE? kEmrao/
urkyfpOf[efum; = edZk w?H edZk E?H edZk ?k edZk a0Sg? edak Z? edZk mrao/
owrD0dbwfjzifh uwKkyfpOf[efum; = kaE,s kaE? kaE,sKH ? kaE,smod
kaE? kaE,smx? kaE,smrd kaE? kaE,smr? kaEx? kaE&H? kaEaxm?
kaE,sma0Sg? kaE,sH kaE? kaE,smarS/
urkyfpOf[efum; = edak Zx? edak Z&?H edak Zaxm? edak Z,sma0Sg? edak Z,sH
edkaZ? edkaZ,smarS/
ya&mum0dbwfjzifh uwKkyfpOf[efum; = kkE ka&m"? kkEK? kkaE?
kkEdw? kkEH? kkEdrS? kkEdw? kkEda&? kkEdawm? kkEda0Sg? kkE? kkEdarS?
urkyfpOf[efum; = edkZdw? edkZda&? edkZdawm? edkZda0Sg? edkZ? edkZdarS/
[d,sweD0dbwfjzifh uwKkyfpOf[efum; =tkEm kEm tkE kE? tkEL
kEL tkEK kEK? tkaEm kaEm tkE kE tkEd kEd? tkEw kEw tkEx

433

434

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

,kZ- a,ma* (,SOfjcif; tm;xkwfjcif;)? ,kOwd (tm;xkwf\) ,kZaw (tm;xkwftyf\)

0d'- vmab (&jcif;)? 0dEwd? 0dZaw/
bkZ- ygvebuPm'Dok (apmifhjcif;pm;jcif;ponfwkdY) bkOwd? bkZaw/
rkp- armpae (vGwfjcif;)? rkOwd? rkpaw/
odp- aopae (oGef;avmif;jcif;)? odOwd? odpaw/
k " m'd * d k P f ; NyD ; \/

'd 0 g'd * d k P f ;
'd0g'dawm a,m- okwjf zifh ,-[laom 0du&Pypn;f ouf Ny;D aumif;aom
yk't
f aygif;onf 'd0g'd*P
kd ;f rnfonf? 'd0g'd*P
kd ;f 'd0"k mwf 0wrmef0dbwfjzifh
uwKkyfpOf[efum; = 'dAwd 'daA? 'dAEd 'dAa&? 'dAod? 'dAx? 'dAmrd 'daA?
'dAmr/ 'dAaw? 'dAaE 'dAa&? 'dAao? 'dAa0S? 'daA? 'dAmarS/
y r D 0 d b wf j zif h uw K k y f p Of [ ef u m; = 'dAwk 'daA? 'dAEK? 'dAm[d 'dA?
'dAx? 'dAmrd 'daA? 'dAmr/ 'dAwH? 'dAEH? 'dAk? 'dAa0Sg? 'daA? 'dAmrao/
owrD0dbwfjzifh uwKkyfpOf[efum; = 'daA,s 'daA? 'daA,sHK-ponf/
ya&mum0dbwfjzifh uwKkyfpOf[efum;
m;='d'dA? 'd'dAK? 'd'daA? 'd'dAdw? 'd'dAH?
'd'dAdrS? 'd'dAdw? 'd'dAda&? 'd'dAdawm? 'd'dAda0Sg? 'd'dA? 'd'dAdarS/
twl azmfjyvwHYaom yk'fwkdYudkvnf; y'rmvmpOfav/
y'- *wdrSd (*wdteuf)? OyZwd (jzpf\) y#dyZwd (usihf\) tmyZwd (a&muf\)/
Ak"- aP (odjcif;)? AkZwd (od\)
k"- eda&ma" (csKyfjcif;)? edkZwd (csKyf\)/ ,k"- or[ma& (jyif;pGmykwfcwfjcif;)
,kZw
d (ppfxdk;\)/ uk"- aumay (trsufxGufjcif;)? ukZwd (pdwfqkd;\)/ e[- AEae (aESmifzGJUjcif;)?
oE,Swd (aESmifzGJU\)/ re- aP (odjcif;)? rnwd (od\)/ oH tm-ykaAm 'g- tm'gae
(,ljcif;)? orm'd,wd (aumif;pGm,l\)/ wko- yDwdrSd (ESpfoufjcif;)?
wkwd (ESpfouf\)/ Ze- Zeae (jzpfjcif;)? Zm,wd (jzpf\)/ vkb- *d'drSd (vkdcsifjcif;)?
vkAwd/ rk[- a0pdaw (awGa0jcif;)? rk,Swd/
'd 0 g'd * d k P f ; NyD ; \/

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

435

oG m 'd * d k P f ;
oGm'dawm PkPm OPm pp-okwfjzifh Pk Pm OPm- [laom 0du&P
ypn;f ouf Ny;D aumif;aom yk't
f aygif;onf oGm'd*P
kd ;f rnfonf? oGm'd *dP
k ;f
Pk-ypnf; Pm-ypnf;wdkYonf ok-paom {uo&"mwfaemif oufavh Sdonf?
OPm-ypnf;onf ty-paom taeuo&"mwfaemif oufavhSdonf/
ok"mwf Pk-ypnf; Pm-ypnf; xdkufonfhtm;avsmfpGmouf 0w r mef
0d b wf j zif h uw K k y f p Of [ ef u m; = okaPmwd okPmwd okaP? okPEd?
okaPmod okPmod okPod? okaPmx okPmx? okaPmrd okPmrd okaP?
okaPmr okPmr? okPaw? okPaE? okPao? okPa0S? okaP?okPmarS/
urkyfpOf[efum; = ol,aw ok,saw-ponf/
yrD0dbwfjzifh uwKkyfpOf[efum; = okaPmwk okPmwk okaP? okPEK?
okaPm[d okPm[d okP? okaPmx okPmx? okaPmrd okPmrd okaP?
okaPmr okPmr? okPwH? okPEH? okPk? okPa0Sg? okaP? okPmrao/
owrD0dbwfjzifh uwKkyfpOf[efum; = okaP,s okaP? okaP,sHKponf/
y-a&S ; &S d a om ty"mwf OPmyp n f ; owf 0wrmef0dbwfjzifh
uwKkyfpOf[ef um; - ygykPmwd ygykaP? ygykPEd-ponf/
[d,sweD0dbwfjzifh uwKkyfpOf[efum; - tygykPm ygykPm
tygykP ygykP? tygykPl ygykPl tygykPk ygykPk-ponf/
twl azmfjyvwHYaomyk'fwkdYudkvnf; y'rmvmpOfav/
[d- *wdrSd (*wdteuf)? [daemwd- (jzpf\) y[dPmwd y[dPwd (apvTwf\)
0k- oH0&aP (apmihfa&Smufjcif;)? tm0kPmwd/ rd- yauay (xnhfoGif;jcif;) rdaemwd/
ou- owdrSd (pGrf;Ekdifjcif;) ouKPmwd/
oG m 'd * k d P f ; NyD ; \

436

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

ud , m'd * d k P f ;

}["mwfaemif y-ypPn:f oufI 0wWrmef0b

d wf]zifh uwWK|kypf Of[efum:= aCyw,d
aCay? aCy,d aCya\-ponf`
}[m'd}E
kd :f yD:>`
*****
wem'd}E
kd :f
wem'dawm jo <d\m-okw]f zifh joypPn:f <d\ypPn:f [laom 0du\EypPn:f oufI
yD:aumif:aomyk't
f aygif:onf wem'd}E
kd :f rnf>? Twem'd}E
dk :f Y wk-"mwf jo-ypPn:f
oufI 0wWrmef0b
d wf]zifh uwWK|kypf Of[efum:= waemwd? waemd? waemod? waemx?
waemrd? waemr` wkaw? wGa? wkao? wka0S? waG? wkarS`
u\-"mwf joypPnf:oufI 0wWrmef0dbwf]zifh uwWK|kyfpOf[efum:= ua\mwd?
ua\md? ua\mod? ua\mx? ua\mrd? ua\mr` ua\maw? ua\ma? ua\mao?
ua\ma0S? ua\? ua\marS`(uk|ak w? ukAa ? uk|ak o? uk|ak 0S? ukaA? uk|ak rS`)
<d\ypPnf:oufI 0wWrmef0dbwf]zifh uwWK|kyfpOf[efum:= u<d\wd, u<da\?
u<d\d-ponf`
urR|yk pf Of[efum:= u\D<aw? u<d\aw? u\D<a, u\D<a\-ponf`
y-ykA ty"mwf joypPn:f oufI 0wWrmef0b
d wf]zifh uwWK|kypf Of[efum:= yaygwd?
yaygd? yaygod? yaygx? yaygrd? yaygr`
ou- owWrd dS (pGr:f idk ]f cif:)? oaUmwd? oaUmd-ponf`
({-joaemuf 0wWrmef, yOPrD twWaemyk'f 0dbwfrsm: \Scd oJ nf`)
aqmif` {-jo rSaemuf? 0dbwfa\muf? a\S ah ]cmuf rmef, rD-rSm`
wem'd}E
kd :f yD:>`
******

ud,m'dawm emem-okwjf zifh em-[laom 0du&Pypn;f ouf Ny;D aumif;aom

yk't
f aygif;onf ud,m'd*P
kd ;f rnfonf? ud,m'd*P
kd ;f uD"mwf emypn;f ouf
0wrmef0dbwfjzifh uwKkyfpOf[efum; = udPmwd udaP? udPEd-ponf/
urkyfpOf[efum; = uD,aw? uD,aE uD,a&-ponf/
tZweD0dbwfjzifh uwKkyfpOf[efum; = tudPD udPD tudPd udPd?
tudPHk udPHk tudPok udPok tudPHok udPHok-ponf/
twl azmfjyvwHUaom yk'fwkdYudkvnf; y'rmvmpOfav/
Zd- Za, (atmifjcif;)? Zdemwd? aZwd (atmif\)? ZD,aw (atmiftyf\)/ pd- pa, (qnf;yl;jcif;)?
pdemwd? pD,aw/ - t0aAm"ae (xkd;xGif;odjcif;)? Zmemwd em,wd (od\)/ ,aw
a,swd (odtyf\)/ Zmae,s Zmed,m Znm (od&m\)/ rm- rmae (EIdif;,SOfjcif;)? rdemwd?
rD,aw/ vl- aq'ae (jzwfjcif;)? vkemwd? vl,aw/ "l- urae (wkefvIyfjcif;)? "kemwd?
"l,aw/ rke- aP (odjcif;)? rkemwd? rkeD,aw/
ud , m'd * d k P f ; NyD ; \/

*[m'd*P
kd ;f
*[m'dawm yPSm- okwjf zifh y PSm [laom 0du&Pypn;f ouf Ny;D aumif;
aomyk'ftaygif;onf *[m'd*dkPf; rnfonf? *[m'd*dkPf; *["mwf PSm
ypnf;ouf 0w r mef 0 d b wf j zif h uw K k y f p Of [ ef u m; = *PSmwd *aPS?
*PSEd *PSa&? *PSmod? *PSmx *PSx? *PSmrd *aPS? *PSmr/ *PSaw?
*PSaE *PSa&? }ESao? }ESa0S? }aES? }ESmarS`

urR|yk pf Of[efum:= }<Saw? }<Sa, }<Sa\? }<Sao? }<Sa0S? }a<S? }<SmarS`

b0dD0b
d wf]zifh uwWK|kypf Of[efum:= }ES
d wd? }ES
d d, }ES
d a\-ponf
urR|yk pf Of[efum:= }<S
d aw? }<S
d a, }<S
d a\-ponf`

437

pk\m'd}E
dk :f
pk\m'dawm aE E<m-okw]f zihf aEypPn:f E<ypPn:f [laom 0du\EypPn:f oufI
yD:aumif:aomyk't
f aygif:onf pk\m'd}E
kd :f rnf>? Tpk\m'd}E
dk :f Y pk\-"mwf aE-

438

o'Ngvufaqmifusr:f

t|Siw
f ad vmumbd0o
H (tif:pde)f

ypPn:f oufI 0wWrmef0b

d wf]zifh uwWK|kypf Of[efum:= apma\wd? apma\d? apma\od?
apma\x? apma\rd? apma\r`
E<ypPn:f oufI 0wWrmef0b
d wf]zifh uwWK|kypf Of[efum:= apm\<wd, apm\a<?
apm\<d-ponf`
urR|yk pf Of[efum:= apm\D<aw? apm\D<a, apm\D<a\-ponf`
twl azmfjyvwHUaom yk'fwkdYudkvnf; y'rmvmpOfav/

pd- pdm<H (uHpnf]cif:)? pdawd? pdad? pd<wd? pd<d-ponf`

r- }kwb
W moae (vHk cHpmG qk]d cif:? wkid yf if]cif:)? rawd? r<wd`
ygv- \uQaE (apmihaf \Smuf]cif:) ygavwd? ygv<wd`
rme- ylZm<H (ylaZmf]cif:) rmaewd? rme<wd`
0d'- aE (od]cif:) a0a'wd? a0'<wd`
urk- pmuDok (tvk\d ]dS cif:, Spof uf]cif:wYhdk ) umarwd? umr<wd`
pk'-d apm'ae (t]ypfwif]cif:) apma'wd? apm'<wd`
pk\m'd}E
dk :f yD:>`

y'rmvmuyD:>`
*****
uwWm:
uH
uwm;a[m emra,m* yk\daom (yk\dom)
r}H} (ra}} , wH, wkarS, rH, tarS)
uwm;a[m wkrSa,m* wGH (wkarS)
r}H} (ra}} , wH, wkarS, rH, tarS)
uwm;a[m trSa,m* t[H (r<H)
r}H} (ra}} , wH, wkarS, rH, tarS)
uHa[m emra,m*
yk\ad oe (yk\ad o[d, w<m, wkarS[,d r<m, tarS[)d ra}} g (r}} g)
uHa[m wkrSa,m*
yk\ad oe (yk\ad o[d, w<m, wkarS[,d r<m, tarS[)d wGH (wkarS)
uHa[m trSa,m*
yk\ad oe (yk\dao[d, w<m, wkarS[d, r<m, tarS[d) t[H(r<H)

ud<m
}pwd? (}pd)`
}pod? (}px)`
}pmrd? (}pmr)`
}p<D aw?(}p<D a)
}p<D ao? (}p<D a0S)
}pDa<? (}pD<marS)