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FUNDAMENTAL OF PROTECTION
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, the participant will be able: To show the concept and application of protection system To explain the role of protection system in TNB To show the types of protection relay used in TNB system To show the application of the relays in TNB system
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
Role of Protection
Protect power system against any faults Detect Fault Isolate faulty plant Minimize damage Minimize danger to people Minimize supply interruption
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
PMU 132/33 kV
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
PROTECTION PRINCIPLES
Criteria
1. Fast
Definition
Fast fault clearance Minimize the system interruptions or duration of system disturbance Improve system stability Safety of Human & Equipment
2.Dependable Must operate for faults in the protected zone / Reliable Will operate correctly for all the faults for which it is designed to operate 3. Secure / Stable 4. Selective Must not operate/ stable for faults outside the protected zone, power system disturbance Will not mal-operate if no fault in the protected zone Able to identify the faulty section and/or phase(s) of a power system Operate as much of the system as necessary to de-energize only distressed components of power system
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
5. Sensitive
6. Simple
7.Economical The cost commensurate with the intended function and power system risk assessment
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
Circuit Breaker
Trip Coil CB Mechanism
VT
TE
TE
DC System
DC System
Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
Substation Circuit
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
BASIC COMPONENT
SENSING DEVICE
CURRENT TRANSFORMER VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
RELAY
DECISION MAKER - TRIP OR NOT ?
CIRCUIT BREAKER
FAULT ISOLATION
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SENSING DEVICE
TRIP
RELAY
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
TYPE OF PROTECTION
Unit Protection
- operates on differential principle - has defined zone protection determined by CT - must be stable during external fault
Non-unit Protection
Simpler and cheaper Requires time coordination between various stages Long clearance time for faults close to source
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
UNIT PROTECTION
CB SS1 TRIP
Discrimination by zone!
CT
ZOP
CT CB TRIP SS2
Fault
RELAY
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
NON-UNIT PROTECTION
SS3 SS1 1.5sec 0.5sec 0 sec SS4
Fault
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
SS2
1.0sec
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
Transformer
-TX Diff -TX REF -TX Guard -Current Differential / Solkor Rf - High Set OCEF - Low/High impedance - Arc protection
Cable/line
Bus bar
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
PILOT WIRE / CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL RELAY Use circulating current principle (Solkor Rf) Use voltage balance priciple (Translay H04) Is a unit protection Need communication channel Operation by comparing the current magnitude of both end
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
CB
CT 600/1
CT 600/1 CB
5A
5A
5A 5A 5A
5A
0A
FAULT 3000A
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5A
Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
5A
CB
CT 600/1 CB
5A
5A
0A
5A
0A
0A
5A
5A
Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
0A
20
SSB
T OPERATE
T NO OPERATION
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
OCEF
The cheapest protection relay Available in 3 OC, 1 EF and 2OC, 1 EF Use Standard Inverse Definite Minimum Time characteristics
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
O/C
E/F
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
OC
OC
CT R Y Fault
EF
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
CT CT CT OC R B Fault
R Y B
OC EF
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
VCB
EARTH OC EF OC B E Fault
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
SBEF CHARACTERISTICS
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
REF SBEF
STAR
INTERPOSING CT
DELTA
DIFF
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
* 50BF/1 * 50BF/2
Requirement in TNB COP Ed.2 Note* : For Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) Substation Only
Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
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DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
TX Differential
Is a unit protection Usually located at 33 kV CRP Use current circulating method Operated by comparing the magnitude of current of both ends
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
10A
10A
10A
10A 10A
10A
FAULT 6000A
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10A
Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
0A
0A
10A
Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
0A
35
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
CT 600/1
2400A
0A
2400A
earth
Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
38
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
CT 600/1
4A
earth
Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
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DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
CT 600/1
4A
earth
Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
40
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
CT 600/1
earth
Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
41
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
DIRECTIONAL OCEF
Directional Control at C and D
I1 + I2 I1 C I2
51 A
67
LOAD
51 B
67
Relay D does not operate due to current flow in the reverse direction.
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
ARC PROTECTION
Input from light sensor and current transformer Light input coming from flashover Current input coming from fault current magnitude Tripped if both conditions existed Tripping time 7 ms
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
VAMP 221
CB1
T1
CB2
T1
CB3
X1
X2
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
TNBD PRACTICE
TX 33 /11 kV Protection
Main protection
TX DIFF, REF (>5MVA TX) TX Guard
Bucholz Main Tank & OLTC Pressure Relief Device HV and LV winding temperature Oil temperature
Back up protection
OCEF SBEF
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
TNBD PRACTICE
Cable Protection
Main protection
Current Differential / Pilot wire relay Directional relay
Back up protection
OCEF SBEF
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
TNBD PRACTICE
Overhead Line Protection
Main protection
OCEF High Set with A/Reclose
Back up protection
OCEF IDMT SBEF
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
TNBD PRACTICE
Bus bar Protection
Main protection
Recently used Arc Protection Reverse blocking scheme (not yet widely used)
Back up protection
OCEF
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
X X X
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
X X X
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
X X X
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
33kV
Tx Differential Tx Guard OC/EF Master Trip NER OC/EF REF Master Trip 31 Bus Section 32 OC/EF REF Master Trip 1HO 2HO
33kV Outgoing
Tx Differential Tx Guard OC/EF Master Trip
Tx1
Tx2
11kV
OC/EF Translay Master Trip
Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
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DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009
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Sharul Amri Ismail & Sahari Abdullah (Sep 2008) 33/11kV Distribution Power System Protection For ST
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION Ir. Azizuddin Zakaria 2833/11kV Dec 2009