I. Study the following myths: Zeus and Io Zeus fell in love with a priestess of Hera.

Hera found out and to hide Io, Zeus turned her into a cow. Hera demanded the cow as a present and guarded it with Argos. Argos had a 100 eyes so one eye would always be open. Hermes played his lute for Argos until he fell asleep and then Hermes slayed him. From his eyes, Hera created the peacocks beautiful tail. She sent a gadfly to chase Io forever so she could never stop. The creation of mankind (according to Hesiod) Men were created by Prometheus by mixing earth and water and Athena breathed life into them Hesiod's Ages of Man Golden Age- Cronos era Silver Age Bronze Age- Mycenaeans- using bronze weaponry to kill each other Age of Heros (Homer and the Trojan War) Age of Iron -Hesiod Prometheus and the sacrifice dispute Prometheus hid the good part of the animal in the bones and the bad part in the fat and then had Zeus choose which he wanted as his sacrifice. He chose the one that looked good and so the gods only get the smell of the sacrifice. Prometheus and the theft of fire To punish Prometheus and humans, Zeus took away fire but Prometheus stole it back The creation of Pandora The second part of the punishment to man was creating Pandora and her jar of evils Prometheus punishment (Hesiod's and Aeschylu's version) Know the differences between the two versions Liver being taken by an eagle vs. thrown to Tartarus Hesiods Prometheus is a trickster Aeschylus Prometheus is a symbol of mans constant struggle against absolute authority Zeus and Lycaon Lycaon was a human king. He fed Zeus human flesh and Zeus got mad and turned Lycaon into a wolf. The Great Flood, Deucalion and Pyrrha Deucalion and Pyrrha survived the flood. They landed on Mt. Pernassus and asked the oracle what to do. The oracle told them to repopulate the earth by throwing mothers bones behind them. They threw stones over their shoulders and from Deucalions stones men were created and from Pyrrhas stones, women were created. Poseidon and Athena Poseidon and Athena both wanted a temple in Athens so Poseidon created a spring or a horse. Athena created the olive tree and the city dedicated itself to

Athena. Peleus and Thetis Parents of Achilles. Also at their wedding, Eris threw her apple of discord. Perseus and Medusa Perseus killed Medusa by using a mirrorlike shield from Athena. Athena put Medusas head on her shield. Medusa was pregnant from Poseidon and Chrysaor and Pegasus Galatea and Polyphemus Beauty and the Beast story. Polyphemus fell in love with Galatea and she spurned him for Acis. Polyphemus killed Acis and from his bones the gods made a river. The birth of Athena Hephaestus split open Zeus head and Athena burst forth fully formed and wearing full armor. Athena and Pallas Daughter of Triton. Athenas friend who she accidently killed and made a little statue of called palladium. Athena took on Pallas name and it means maiden. Athena and Arachne Great weaver. Athena was jealous and they had a competition. Arachnes tapestry had no flaw and she killed herself to be saved from Athenas wrath. Athena turned her into a spider. Athena and Greek heroes (esp. Achilles and Odysseus) Helped greek heroes but always as a friend. She helped Achilles kill Hector. She also helps Odysseus get home. Athena and Hephaestus (Erichthonius) Hephaestus tries to seduce Athena but fails. His sperm creates Erichthonius. Athena and Orestes (Aeschylus' Oresteia) Orestes kills his mother Clytemnestra who killed his father Agamemnon. Ultimately Athena and Apollo acquit him because the father is considering the legitimate parent.

II. Learn the Greek and Roman names of the Olympian gods
Zeus/Jupiter Poseidon/Neptune Hera/Juno Hephaestus/Vulcan Apollo Hermes/Mercury Ares/Mars Artemis/Diana Demeter/Ceres Athena/Minerva Aphrodite/Venus Dionysus/Bacchus Hestia/Vesta Hades/Pluto Eileithyia

Hecate Prometheus Thetis Pan Ge Helios Adonis Isis

III. Study the characteristics of Greek Religion (see PowerPoint) IV. Know what the following terms and names mean:
Pandora's Box (modern use and Erasmus' mistranslation) Originally a jar but Erasmus mistranslated it as box. Culture hero Prometheus Mythological hero specific to one culture who changes the world through invention/discovery trident Three pronged spear held by Poseidon Argus (and Argus-eyed) Argus is the 100 eyed monster of Heras to watch Io. Oracle of Delphi Best known oracle was at Delphi. Usually a temple there with priests inside in communication with the god. Before giving the oracle would go to a spring and then come back to the temple to tell an opinion Polytheism Belief in multiple gods Anthropomorphism Gods with a human form Humanism Importance of mankind Fatalism You can never change ones fate Solon and Croesus Who is the greatest man? Only know best life once dead because you never know how life will turn out. Croesus and Cyrus Croesus is captured by Cyrus and is saved by Apollo and Cyrus and Croesus become friends. epiphany divine appearance, can take animal forms hamartia Error, no moral implications Kastalian Spring At Delphi where people who came to consult the oracle washed their hair Olympian vs. Chthonic sacrifice Olympian sacrifice for the Olympian gods Chthonic sacrifice for the underworld-completely burned holocaust Completely burned- dont want to share with underworld nectar, ambrosia, ichor Drink of gods, food of gods, blood of gods sacrifice animals blood rituals, votive offerings honoring dead

vowing that if things improve, theyll sacrifice something in thanks prayer formula indentify god and self reciprocation- I do something, you do something reminder of past offerings plea for future sacrifice Panathenaic festival and amphora celebrating Athena type of container to carry things to Athena peplos robes dedicated to Athena Akropolis, Parthenos, Parthenon the high place where the Parthenon is Palladium the little statue for Pallas. Phidias, Iktinos & Kallikrates sculptor and architects who created the Parthenon metopes, frieze, triglyphs decorations of the Parthenon battle scenes blue panels between scenes pediment triangular section above the columns one side birth of Athena other side Poseidon and Athena Temple of Nike Victory- often pictured with Athena Small temple near Parthenon Gold and Ivory Statue of Athena Large statue inside Parthenon holding Nike with replica in Nashville Propylaea, Erechtheion Monumental gateway to Akropolis Ancient Greek temp on north side of Akropolis with three porches, one with 6 columns of maidens The Parthenon (optical illusion) No straight lines so would appear even more imposing Very precise Architectural styles (doric, ionic and corinthian) Simplest structure Curls at top and bottom Most decorated version

IV. Study the characteristics, and family connections of the following:

Epimetheus Married to Pandora Meaning after thought Poseidon and Amphitrite Married Give birth to triton Iris rainbow messenger god Graeae, the aged ones

3 women who share one eye and one tooth Gorgons most famous-Medusa turned men to stone with her sight killed by Perseus Harpies The snatchers- ugly women who steal babies (babies who died too young) Personification of strong winds Perseus, Pegasus, Chrysaor Used shiny shield to kill medusa. From her neck Pegasus and Chrysaor were born Thetis Nereid Married to Peleus Mother of Achilles

VI. Know where the following places are and how they figure in the myths you have studied:
Mt. Olympus, Mt. Caucasus, Athens