CUT SECTIONAL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

INTRODUCTION AND THEORY: A heat engine is a device, which Converts the chemical energy of a fuel into thermal energy and uses this energy to produce mechanical work. Heat engines are classified into two broad types. Any type of engine or machine, which derives heat energy from the combustion of fuel or any other source and converts this energy into mechanical work, is termed as a heat engine. 1. ,. EX E!"A# C$%&'( )$" E"*)"E( + )" E!"A# C$%&'( )$" E"*)"E(.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES: )nternal combustion engine in which the combustion of fuel takes place inside the cylinder is known as ).C. Engine. )n an internal combustion engine, the products of combustion are directly the motive fluid. -iesel engine and petrol engine are the e.amples of this type, where the working substance is the product of combustion. !eciprocating )nternal combustion Engines offers following Advantages over E.ternal Combustion Engines/ $verall Efficiency is High. *reater %echanical (implicity.

 *eneral #ower )nitial cost. Easy (tarting from Cold conditions. hese 'nits are Compact and hus !e0uire less (pace.

1eight to 2ower !atio is *enerally #ower.

I.C. ENGINE CLASSIFICATION he ).C. engine can be classified on the following basis

WORKING CYCLE 3a4 3b4 (park )gnition Engines Compression )gnition Engines

NO. OF STROKES 3a4 3b4 wo (troke Engines 5our (troke Engines

PARTS COMMON TO BOTH PETROL AND DIESEL ENGINE

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PARTS FOR PETROL ENGINES ONLY

1. ,. 7. (2A!< 2#'*( CA!&'!E 5'E# 2'%2 $!

PARTS FOR DIESEL ENGINE ONLY

1. ,. 5'E# 2'%2 )"AEC $!

CYLINDER: he Cylinder Contains *as under 2ressure and *uides the 2iston. )t is in direct contact with the 2roducts of Combustion and it must be cooled. )t is one of the most important part of the engine in which the piston moves to and fro in order to develop power. *enerally, the engine cylinder has to withstand a highBpressure and temperature more than ,????C. he Cylinder is made of hard *rade Cast )ron and is 'sually cast in $ne 2iece. Engine bodies are designed of ( EE# A##$6( or A#'%)")'% A##$6(.

CYLINDER HEAD:

Head is an arrangement which covers cylinder bore and consists

of suction and e.haust valves. Cylinder and Cylinder head are made from the same material, usually cast as one piece. he %ain function of Cylinder head is to seal the working ends of the Cylinder and not to 2ermit entry and e.it of *ases on cover head valve engines.

PISTON:

2iston is the heart of an engine whose main function is to transmit the force

e.erted by the burning of charge to connecting rod. A 2iston is fitted to each Cylinder as a face to receive gas 2ressure and transmit the thrust to the Connecting !od

PISTON RINGS: 2iston rings are housed in the circumferential grooves provided on the outer surface of the piston. wo sets of rings are used generally.

he function of upper ring is to provide airtight seal to prevent leakage of burnt gases in to the lower piston. (imilarly, the function of lower ring is to provide effective seal to prevent leakage of the oil ring in to the engine cylinder. CONNECTING ROD: )t is a link between the piston and crankshaft. 5unction B o ransmit force from the piston to the crack shaft. !eciprocating motion is converted in to circular motion of crack shaft. A special care is to be taken while designing the crankshaft, as it is subCected to alternatively compressive and tensile stresses, as well as bending stresses. A connecting rod is made of special steel alloys or aluminum alloys.

CRANK SHAFT/ Crankshaft is the back of an engine. )t consists of one or more eccentric portions called cranks. hat part of the crank, to which bigger end of the

connecting rod is fitted, with the help of crank pin. he Crank (hafts of an )nternal combustion Engine receive via its cranks the Efforts supplied by the 2istons to the connecting !ods. he (hape of the Crankshafts i.e. the mutual arrangements of cranks urning $rder of the

depends on the numbers and arrangements of Cylinders and the engine.

CRANK CASE: )t holds the cylinder and crankshaft of an engine. )t also serves as a sump for the lubricating oil.

FLYWHEEL: A wheel mounted on the crankshaft, whose function is to maintain its speed constant. )t is done by storing e.cess energy during the power stroke, which is returned during other strokes. he weight of the 5lywheel depends on the "ature of variation of the 2ressure.

CUT SECTIONAL TWO STROKE PETROL ENGINE

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CUT SECTIONAL FOUR STROKE PETROL ENGINE

1. 7. 9. ;. >. 11. C6#)"-E! 2)( $" *'-*E$" 2)" C!A"<(HA5 C#' CH 2#A E CA!&'!E $! ,. 8. :. =. 1?. 1,. C6#)"-E! HEA2)( $" !)"*( C$""EC )"* !$5#61HEE# *EA! &$X @A#@E(

CUT SECTIONAL FOUR STROKE DIESELENGINE

1. 7. 9. ;. >. 11. C6#)"-E! 2)( $" 5'E# 2'%2 C!A"<(HA5 )"AEC $! )"#E @A#@E ,. 8. :. =. 1?. 1,. C6#)"-E! HEA2)( $" !)"*( C$""EC )"* !$5#61HEE# *EA! &$X $' #E @A#@E