018 Chemistry of Fire PDF

Ryan // fsto_nhqbfp@yahoo.
com
FOREWORD
T h e s c h o o l yo u t h a r e t h e h o p e o f t h e n a t i o n t o wa r d s d e ve l o p me n t a n d p r o g r e s s . With the help of the e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s , we d e ve l o p c h i l d r e n t o b e l e a d e r s , h o n e t h e i r t a l e n t s a n d b e a wa r e o f t h e i r c a p a b i l i t i e s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s . W e t e a c h t h e m wi t h t h e h i g h e s t va l u e s t o b e we l l - r o u n d e d c i t i z e n s i n s c h o o l , a t h o m e , a n d i n t h e c o m m u n i t y, i m b u e d wi t h n a t i o n a l i s m. I t i s i n d e e d t h e p r i d e o f e ve r y p a r e n t i f h i s / h e r k i d / s e xc e l i n s c h o o l , b e a c t i ve a n d p a r t i c i p a t i ve i n s c h o o l p r o g r a ms a n d a c t i vi t i e s . T h e f a m i l y i s o u r b e s t s h i e l d . H o we ve r , we a r e a l wa ys e xp o s e d t o d a n g e r s b r o u g h t a b o u t b y c a l a m i t i e s , f o r e s e e n a n d u n f o r e s e e n , e s p e c i a l l y f i r e s . O n e c a n a l wa ys r e c o u n t o n t h e wi s e s a yi n g , A l l t h e t h i e v e s i n t h e w o r d c a n n o t t a k e a l l y o u r b e l o n g i n g s , b u t o n e g o o d f i r e c o u l d r a ze them to the ground in five (5)-minute time. W e s e e o u r f u t u r e i n t h e yo u n g g e n r e . Th e r e n e e d t o e d u c a t e a n d mo u l d t h e m t o b e l e a d e r s a t yo u n g a g e , wh o a d vo c a t e a n d p r a c t i c e f i r e s a f e t y p r e ve n t i o n a t h o me , i n s c h o o l a n d i n t h e c o mm u n i t y. i s t o p r e p a r e t h e m t o b e e ve r vi g i l a n t n o t o n l y wi t h f i r e i n c i d e n t s a n d o t h e r e me r g e n c i e s b u t also in p r e ve n t i n g the occurrence of d e s t r u c t i ve f i r e s . T h r u t h e J U NI O R FI R E MA R S HA L P r o j e c t , t h e DI L G - B FP wi l l b e h e l p i n g t h e e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s d e ve l o p s c h o o l c h i l d r e n d u r i n g t h e i r f o r ma t i ve s t a g e t o be role models in public safety for both t h e yo u n g e r a n d o l d e r g e n e r a t i o n s . is a their and This
Ryan // fsto_nhqbfp@yahoo.com
MESSAGE
It has been said, time and again, that "an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure." It is this adage that guides the Department of the Interior and Local Government, through the Bureau of Fire Protection, as it seeks to ensure your daily safety, particularly from fire incidents. Hence, we partnered with the Department of Education to bring you this Junior Fire Marshal instructional material. Through the instructional material, you will find useful tips and information on how to prevent the occurrence of fire and what you should do in case of fire incidents. Knowledge, I am sure you agree, is power especially in the area of fire protection. We have seen how fire threatens, consumes and destroys. Now more than ever, we must make sure that all our communities, especially the most vulnerable, are not only aware but prepared. Your DILG relentlessly works towards providing our communities with basic services and programs that would ensure public safety, including education and information materials, such as this one. It is my hope that you will learn much from these materials and impart what you learn to everyone around you, especially the members of your family, relatives and friends. Let your learnings serve as building blocks as we build a strong community under the rule of law.
Secretary, DILG
MESSAGE
The Department of Education has always given much importance to fire prevention and safety tips. We highlight this through our partnership with the Junior Fire Marshal project of the Department of Interior and Local Government. This will certainly help develop the school children as role models for both their peers and family in public safety. When grade school pupils and high school students are oriented, trained and organized in public safety, they become our kiddie and junior fire marshals who will promote fire prevention programs within their schools, in their homes and within the community. I take pride in the effort of our writers and the enthusiasm of our friends at DILG-BFP to have come up with a validated instructional material intended to enhance our curriculum in fire safety practices. May this endeavour with the DILG-BFP bear fruitful results and that this instructional material serves as a tool in constituting public safety awareness in every Filipino child.
USEC FE HIDALGO
OIC, Department of Education
MESSAGE
The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) through the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) has been preoccupied with devising effective ways to instil a culture of consciousness and preparedness in our society, especially with regard to fire safety. And Rizal once again proved himself right when he said: "Ang kabataan ang pag-asa ng ating bayan." Working hand in hand with the Department of Education (Dep Ed) has shed light on how the youth can specifically contribute in creating a well-informed and responsible community that can rely on itself in meeting the dangers of fire even with the services of our firefighters being available. Hence, the launching of Junior/ Kiddie Fire Marshal Project and this information kit. With this instructional material, I hope you could help us make other people sensitive to their role in preventing destructive fires and impart the ability to cope in the event of such disasters.
Undersecretary for Peace and Order
MESSAGE
Fire safety is everyone's concern and responsibility. Thus, aside from continuing to enhance the basic services that we bring to you, we feel it just as important to come up with programs and projects that will make room for your active involvement. And Junior/Kiddie Fire Marshal is just among the breakthrough projects that we launched this year as a product of collaboration with the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) and the Department of Education (Dep Ed), which, as the title itself suggests, taps the youth sector as the seed of fire safety consciousness in our society. We have come up with this information kit to guide you on how to deal with fire situations, and, more importantly, how to make fire safety measures part of your daily routines. We, your partners in the government, are consistently working not only hard but also smartly to "help" build a secured and orderly community because we have always believed you deserve it and you are more than willing to work just as dedicatedly to enjoy such a community.
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PAMBUNGAD Hindi mapapasubalian ang isang katotohanan. Mahalaga ang buhay at maligaya kung may ari-ariang pinagsikapang ipundar sa maraming pagkakataon, marami ang hindi marunong magpahalaga sa buhay at ari-arian. Kaya nga masasayang ito at nawawalang parang bula. Isa sa dahilan nito ay ang SUNOG na tila halimaw na walang iginagalang, walang pinipiling oras, pook at panahon. Subalit isa ang tiyak, maaari itong IWASAN. Kung ang LAHAT lang sana ay magkakaisa upang gawin ang mga karampatang hakbang upang hindi mabiktima ng APOY. PAANO GAGAMITIN ANG MODYUL? Ang modyul na ito ay PARA SA GURO. Naniniwala ang lahat na ang pinakamabisang pangkat ng propesyunal na makapagbabahagi ng mga kaalaman, kasanayan at attitude sa mga kabataan ay kayong mga GURO. Sa inyong mga kamay nakasalalay ang katatagan ng buhay ng susunod na henerasyon. Kung ganon, ganito ninyo gagamitin ang modyul na ito. Una: Batay ito sa 2002 BEC Learning Competencies. Ang mga aralin ay may karampatang point of entry. Pagdating sa akmang kasanayan, bibigyang diin ang tungkol sa araling nakatakda. Ikalawa: Susundin ang mga hakbang na iminumungkahi upang mabisang matalakay ang paksa. Ikatlo: Ipinapaalala sa mga guro na hindi hihikayatin ang mga bata na makibahagi sa tuwirang pagsugpo ng apoy at pagliligtas ng buhay. Sa halip, linangin ang mungkahing batayang kaisipan at mga paraang pangkaligtasan. Ikaapat: Magbigay ng karampatang takdang gawain upang MAISABUHAY ang mga natutuhan sa aralin. TUNGKOL SAAN ANG MODYUL NA ITO? Taon-taon, sa ating bansa ay may malaking pinsalang dulot sa buhay at ari-arian ang SUNOG. Itinuturing itong isang KALAMIDAD. Sa loob ng anim (6) na taon, buhat noong 1999 2004, may 1,548 tao ang namatay at 25 bilyong piso ang ari-ariang nawala. Dahil dito, dapat na magkaroon ng mataas na level ng awareness ang ating mga mag-aaral sa sekundarya, kaya nga ang modyul na ito ay tatalakay tungkol sa: a. Pangangalaga, pagpapahalaga sa buhay ng tao. b. Pangangalaga, pagpapahalaga sa ari-arian. c. Ang SUNOG bilang sanhi ng kapinsalaan sa buhay at ari-arian.
ANO ANG AASAHAN SA MODYUL NA ITO? Pagkatapos ng mga aralin ang mga mag-aaral ay inaasahang: Makapagpapahalaga sa buhay at ari-arian Makapagmumungkahi kung paano mapapangalagaan at mapahahalagahan ang buhay at ari-arian Makapapangako na makipagtutulungan upang maiwasan ang sunog Makapagbabahagi ng mga karanasang may kaugnayan sa sunog
MODULE: THE CHEMISTRY OF FIRE AND EVACUATION PROCEDURES

What this module is about? Fire is one of the most common tragic emergencies that occur in many homes, schools, or even in the workplaces. It is sad to note that many people in the country die in the very place they feel safe their home. Family members including children are often not aware of how to prevent fires and are not prepared to protect themselves from fire. Most tragic deaths could have been prevented if we take a little time and effort to prepare for what ourselves would do to survive from a fire. Hence, this module was designed to help you understand the chemical nature of fire, combustion and oxidation, and the process of developing a fire safety plan. Specifically, it focuses on the elements of the fire triangle-what it takes to create fire and importantly, what it takes to control it and the significance of a good fire safety plan. What are expected from this module? After having gone through this module, the students are expected to: 1. explain the three elements of fire; 2. explain what it takes to create fire and how to control it; 3. distinguish among elemental oxygen, oxygen gas, and other molecules containing oxygen; 4. identify materials that catch fire more easily; 5. analyze the fire safety plan and procedures for their school and home; and 6. design an evacuation plan for their respective home. STOP! Let the students bring sheet of clean paper and answer the pre-test independently. Give them 10-15 minutes to do the activity, after which check their paper to determine where they are in terms of the concepts covered in the materials. See attached key to correction. Pre-test Part I. True or False Instruction: If the statement is true, write T, and write X if it is false. 1. 2. The smoke from a fire will fill a room from the top down, leaving the best air for breathing down near the floor. When reporting a fire over a telephone, you should first give the address of the building or the house on fire, then your name and a brief description of the fire.
9 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Materials that receive the heat of spotlights and floodlights should either be non-flammable or be treated to make them fireproof. To get out of a burning building or house, you should jump out of a window. Trying to put out the fire is the most important thing you can do if you are in a building or house that is on fire. Because candle can be dangerous, it is better to use flashlight in an emergency. If your clothing catches fire, the worst thing to do is run. Closing the door to a room that is on fire will help buy time for the people in the building to safety escape. There is no need for homeowners to check chimneys and fireplaces built of stone and bricks. When eating at a restaurant or staying at a hotel or friends house, it is a good idea to check where the exit doors are. A good habit is to unplug your electric iron immediately when an interruption occurs such as a phone call or someone at the door. Fire drills at home are as important as fire drills at school. In case of fire in your home, you should have planned at least two ways out of your house. Once outside a building or house that is on fire, you should never go back in for any reason. In case of fire and other emergencies, dial 117.
Part II. Multiple Choice Instruction. Read each statement and decide which choice best completes the statement or answers the question. Indicate your choice by writing the letter only corresponding to your choice. 1. The fire triangle refers to a. b. c. d. oxygen, heat, and fuel combustion, heat, and chemical reaction smoke, oxidation, and fuel exothermic, flammable, and heat
2. Rapid oxidation reaction releasing smoke, heat and light. a. carbon monoxide b. oxygen c. heat d. fuel
3. Chemical combination of oxygen with any substance. a. fuel b. oxygen c. oxidation d. combustion
10 4. Example of fuel a. b. c. d. organic compound elements that include metals and some nonmetals hydrocarbons all of the above
5. Fire prevention is for a. firefighters b. parents c. school teachers d. all of the above
6. Effective way of warning people of a fire in their home. a. the sense of smell b. a smoke detector c. the family dog d. a fire extinguisher
7. The reason most people dont care about fire prevention is a. b. c. d. 8. they are too lazy to watch for fire hazards they do not think they will ever have a fire most people dont need fire prevention they dont know anything about fire prevention
Melting ice or freezing water is an example of a. chemical change c. exothermic reaction b. physical change d. none of the above
9.
Fire can be extinguished through a. Letting the fire consume all of the fuel. b. Removing the source of oxygen gas by smothering the fire with a nonflammable substance like sand or dirt. c. Lowering the temperature of the fuel and remove oxygen gas by dousing the fire with water. d. All of the above.
10. Source of heat a. Matches or lighters to start low-ignition temperature kindling or igniters that produce sparks to light gas. b. Friction of two object like paper and sand. c. Any hazardous gases and liquids. d. All of the above. 11. Gas or vapor production emitted from the fuel a. carbon monoxide b. pyrolysis c. hydrogen d. carbon dioxide
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12. Fires get oxygen from a. oxygen gas b. carbon dioxide c. water d. all of the above
13. Applicable to household products to increase the ignition temperature, thereby decreasing the risk of fire. a. flashpoint b. endothermic c. consumer product d. flame-retardant chemicals
14. The most frequent cause of fires in which people are killed is a. b. c. d. electrical wiring spontaneous combustion sparks on roofs from fireplaces smoking and matches
15. The best way to prevent fire from spreading in a building is to a. b. c. d. provide enough exits of any type provide enough stairways inside the buildings provide exit signs and keep door unlocked construct the building with fire resistant materials Lesson 1: Understanding the Chemistry of Fire Activity: Divide the class into three (3) groups Ask each group to do the following activities collaboratively: Look for the meaning of the following terminologies and relate them with the succeeding activity; Combustion Oxidation Flammable Chemical reaction Products Reactants Fuel Heat Oxygen Exothermic Endothermic Fire Ignition
Create a small fire in a science laboratory or outside a building; Observe how the fire was created; and Report the result of the activity by answering the following questions: 1. What materials did you use to create fire? 2. What are the basic elements needed to create a fire? 3. Describe the changes you have observed from the burned materials such as paper, tin can, plastic, wood, stone, etc:
12 a. physical change b. chemical changes 4. How did you control or put off the fire? Note to the Teacher When it is not possible for the students to do the experiment (creation of a small fire), ask them to describe Picture 1 using the given terminologies.
Analysis: After doing the activity, ask each group the following: 1. How did you feel in doing the activity? Have you experienced any difficulty? Why? 2. What are the basic elements needed to create a fire? Explain your answer. 3. Is the fire that you have created (or as shown in the picture 1) a safe fire? Why? Or Why not? 4. Which among the elements of fire can be easily controlled or can be hardly controlled? 5. What significant insights have you gained from the activity? Abstraction: The Chemistry of Fire Triangle FIRE Fire is the naturally occurring companion of energy release in the form of heat and light when oxygen combines with a combustible, or burnable material at a suitably high temperature (about 617 degrees F, 325 degrees C for wood to burn). Facts about Fire: Fire, or combustion, occurs when heat, fuel, and oxygen combine in a chemical reaction. Since oxygen is present in the air, fire will continue as long as fuel is added. Fire is a process of rapid oxidation, an exothermic reaction, because heat is always released. An endothermic reaction takes in heat. To start a fire, use flammable items or fuel with a low ignition temperature. When a log burns, it gives off heat and light, as well as carbon dioxide, water, and ash. Heat energy is released as the log burns. This means that the product of combustion contain less energy that the reactants. To put the fire out, take away the oxygen by smothering the flames with the dirt that surrounds the pit or pour water on the flames to release the heat and oxygen.
13 Fuel, heat and oxygen are all needed in the right combination to produce fire. The three elements are called the fire triangle. By nature, a triangle needs three sides. Take away one of the sides and the triangle collapses. The same is true of fire. In the absence of any of the three components, you cannot build a fire. Hence, fire fighters try to remove one of the three elements to put off the fire. For example, when they dig a line around a fire, fuel is removed, when water is poured on a fire, heat reduces, while a retardant, a thick, soupy substance, blocks oxygen. The Chemistry of Fire is a series of complex reactions, sometimes involving over 100 chemical elements. These substances determine the cause, the composition and the by-product of fire. The chemical reaction of fire or combustion is called oxidation wherein oxygen is combined with any substances. Fire is an example of rapid oxidation of matter while rusting of iron is an example of slow oxidation. Knowledge on the chemistry of fire will provide information on the various ways of managing fire. FUEL A fuel may be defined as something that will burn. It includes flammable gases and liquids, wood, coal, metals and other inorganic materials. Fuels may be categorized into the following classes: Elements that include metals and nonmetals such as carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus Hydrocarbons Carbohydrates (including mixtures made up partially of cellulose, like wood and paper) Many covalently bonded gases (including carbon monoxide, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide) All other organic compounds
Application: Ask each group to fill up the table with the data required for each column. Sources of Heat Fuels
14 Ask representative from each group to show the fire triangle mock-up and demonstrate the interrelationship of the three basic elements of fire. Ask each group to work collaboratively and come up with a slogan about the danger of fire and ask one representative from each group to explain the slogan. Let each group post their slogan in a conspicuous area in the school or community. Lesson 2: Fire Evacuation Procedures and Safety Plan Activity: Group the students into 5 or 6. Ask each group to tour around the building and make a floor plan identifying the main alternate routes/exits, locations of fire alarms, fire extinguishers, smoke detectors, emergency lights, fire hose and other similar equipment. Ask each member to note his/her observations and consolidate for group reporting. Ask each group to recommend safety plan based on the observations.
Analysis: After the group reporting, ask them to answer the following question: 1. How did you feel while performing the activity? Have you experienced any difficulty? Why? 2. Have you seen any exit plan in the building? How would describe its location? 3. How would the exit plan be of help in the evacuation in case of fire or other emergencies? 4. What will you recommend in case the exits are obstructed or locked? 5. Why is it necessary to have exit plans? 6. What would be the proper ways of getting out of a building or house in case of fire or other emergencies? Explain your answer. 7. What insight have you gained from the activity? Abstraction: Fire Evacuation Procedures and Safety Plan In case fire breaks out, do the following: Get out immediately. Act calmly but swiftly to avoid harm and save your life. The escape route should be downward-towards the ground floor and not upwards unless you are absolutely forced by the fire to go upwards. Never use an elevator to escape from a fire. Do not try to gather your valuables or other things and dont worry about how you are dressed. The only thing that is important is to get out of the building/house.
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Yell, scream or do anything. Alert others who are in the building/house. Yell, scream or do anything you can to get their attention to the fire and get them out of the building/house. Sound the fire alarms. If you can do so safely as you are fleeing, set off any fire alarms. Once out, stay out. Do not go back for any reason until the authority has said it is safe to do so. Fire spread very quickly. Seconds can make the difference between life, death or being severely burned; always overestimate the size of the fire! Call 117 or the nearest fire station. Report the exact address or landmark of the building/structure on fire, and/or person/s trapped.
HAVE A FIRE ESCAPE PLAN K Should a fire breaks out in the building/house, observe the escape plan. Never place anyone in a position where they are unable to escape should a fire occurs. Make sure every person in that building/house knows of your plan and what he or she is to do should a fire occurs. Special emphasis and instruction should be given to children so they fully understand what they are to do during a fire. Conduct fire drills so each person in that building/house can demonstrate what he/she must do during a fire. K Make sure your escape route permits the safe exiting of the building/house should the main thoroughfare exits or doors be blocked during the fire. All windows that will be used to escape from the fire should be easily opened from the inside. Have adequate ladders or fire escape mechanisms, should it be necessary to escape from upper levels of the building. Make sure everyone is familiar with how to use such equipment and that it is maintained and tested before actual use. HOLD FIRE DRILLS Holding fire drills at least once a year can make sure that everyone, even small children, knows what to do to escape safely in case of emergency fire. Here
16 are some tips that you can consider during your fire drills to help everyone prepare for emergency fire. Be familiar with your building/house. Map out an exit plan as well as an alternate exit plan. Know more than one way to exit your floor and your building/house. Make sure everyone that they must be ready to leave the building/house by themselves if necessary. Remind them to go to the pre-arranged meeting place and wait for the others. Remind everyone to check the doors if they are hot before they open them, to stay close to the floor and to crawl if they have to, and to use another exit if a door is hot and should not be opened. Teach children how to report emergencies. Keep fire extinguishers in a safe place in the building/house. Teach everyone when and how to use this equipment.
HOUSEHOLD SAFETY TIPS You must take steps to make sure that a fire does not start in your home. Remember these tips to help protect you and your family from fire: Never smoke in bed. Keep matches and other things that can start fire away from children Store materials that may be accidentally set on fire in proper containers and never store or use them near open flames or sparks. Keep electrical appliances and cords in good working order. If you notice any cracks, frays, broken plugs or loose connections on any cord, replace immediately or notify your electrician. Dont use lamps that fall over easily or shades that are too close o bulbs. Never use a higher wattage bulb than recommended. This can burn the lampshade and may cause a fire. Never overload electrical circuits. Special appliances such as air conditioners require heavy-duty outlets. Extension cords used incorrectly can often cause fires. Dont run extension cords under rugs, across doorways, and never hang them on nails. The outside protective cover will tear away, exposing live wires and creating a fire hazard. Do not use portable heaters of any kind. Keep stoves clean from grease. Put together a fire emergency kit that includes flashlights, batteries, transistor radio, filter masks and extra keys. Make sure everyone in the family knows the locations of the emergency kit.
Application: Ask each group to prepare a plan for a fire drill in the school. Coordinate with the school authorities and concerned Officers from the Bureau of Fire for its implementation.
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Ask the students to make an inspection of their homes. Note any fire hazards and notify their parents about it. Ask them also to map out an exit plan together with their parents and other members of the family for emergency fire.
Significant Insights:
In case of fire, evacuate immediately. The most critical areas for immediate evacuation are the fire floors, the floor above the fire, and floor below the fire.
If you must evacuate the building/house, do not waste precious seconds trying to grab personal possessions. Your life is your most valuable possession and even a few seconds wasted can endanger it.
Post-test Part I. True or False Instruction: If the statement is true, write T, and write X if it is false. 1. The smoke from a fire will a room from the top down, leaving the best air for breathing down near the floor. 2. When reporting a fire over a telephone, you should first give the address of the fire, then your name and a brief description of the fire. 3. Materials that receive the heat of spotlights and floodlights should either be non-flammable or be treated to make them fireproof. 4. To get out of a burning building or house, you should jump out of a window. 5. Trying to put out the fire is the most important thing you can do if you are in a building or house that is on fire. 6. Because candle can be dangerous, it is better to use flashlight in an emergency. 7. If your clothing catches fire, the worst thing to do is run. 8. Closing the door to a room that is on fire will help buy time for the people in the building to safety escape. 9. There is no need for homeowners to check chimneys and fireplaces built of stone and bricks. 10. When eating at a restaurant or staying at a hotel or friends house, it is a good idea to check where the exit doors are.
18 11. A good habit is to unplug your electric iron immediately when an interruption occurs such as a phone call or someone at the door. 12. Fire drills at home are as important as fire drills at school. 13. In case of fire in your home, you should have planned at least two ways out of your house. 14. Once outside a building or house that is on fire, you should never go back in for any reason. 15. In case of emergency fire, dial 117. Part II. Multiple Choice Instruction. Read each statement and decide which choice best completes the statement or answer the question. Indicate your choice by writing the letter only corresponding to your choice. 1. The fire triangle refers to a. b. c. d. 2. oxygen, heat, and fuel combustion, heat, and chemical reaction smoke, oxidation, and fuel exothermic, flammable, and heat
Rapid oxidation reaction releasing smoke, heat and light. a. carbon monoxide b. oxygen c. heat d. fuel
3.
Chemical combination of oxygen with any substance. a. fuel b. carbon dioxide c. oxidation d. combustion
4.
Example of fuel a. b. c. d. organic compound elements that include metals and some nonmetals hydrocarbons all of the above
5.
Fire prevention is for a. firefighters b. parents c. school teachers d. all of the above
6.
Effective way of warning people of a fire in their home a. the sense of smell b. a smoke detector c. the family dog d. a fire extinguisher
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7.
The reason most people dont care about fire prevention is a. b. c. d. they are too lazy to watch for fire hazards they do not think they will ever have a fire most people dont need fire prevention they dont know anything about fire prevention
8.
Melting ice or freezing water is an example of a. chemical change b. physical change c. exothermic reaction d. none of the above
9.
Fires can be extinguished through a. let the fire consume all of the fuel. b. remove the source of oxygen gas by smothering the fire with a nonflammable substance like sand or dirt. c. lower the temperature of the fuel and remove oxygen gas by dousing the fire with water. d. all of the above
10. Source of heat a. matches or lighters to start low-ignition temperature kindling or igniters that produce sparks to light gas. b. Frictions of two object like paper and sand c. Any hazardous gases and liquids d. All of the above 11. Gas or vapor production emitted from the fuel a. carbon b. pyrolysis 12. Fires get oxygen from a. oxygen gas b. endothermic c. consumer product d. flame-retardant chemicals c. hydrogen d. carbon dioxide
13. Applicable to household products to increase the ignition temperature, thereby decreasing the risk of fire. a. flashpoint b. endothermic c. consumer product d. flame-retardant chemicals
14. The most frequent cause of fires in which people are killed is a. electrical wiring b. spontaneous combustion
20 c. sparks on roofs from fireplaces d. smoking and matches 15. The best way to prevent fire from spreading in a building is to a. b. c. d. provide enough exits of any type provide enough stairways inside the buildings provide exit signs and keep door unlocked construct the building with fire resistant materials
Answers key to correction (Pre-test/Post-test) Part I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Part II. T T T X X T T T 9. X 10. T 11. T 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. a c c d d b b b 9. d 10. a 11. b 12. a 13. d 14. d 15. a
21 Picture 1
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JUNIOR FIRE MARSHAL MARCH I Kamiy kabataang marangal; Tawag sa miy Jr. Fire Marshal; Hangad naming ay kaligtasan, Kaunlaran ng bansang minamahal. Bata pa man kami kung ituring; Paglilingkod naman ay pangunahin, Sa bayan at sa Diyos ihahain Kaalamanang pangkaligtasan ay gagawin. Halina kabataang may lakas, May talino, sigasig at sipag; Kaligtasan sa sunog nasa ting palad; Walang hadlang bayang itoy uunlad. Chorus: Handa kami, handa kami.. Para sa kabutihan ng marami; Kaayusan at lahat ng ikabubuti; Ng pamayanang ating kinakandili. Hurray! Hurray! Jr. Fire Marshal, Sa gabay ng DILG-BFP tayoy magsanay; Magandang buhay sa tiy naghihintay, Kung ligtas sa sunog ang buhay at ari-arian. (Repeat Chorus)
Titik ni: Ka Azon L. Echano BSE-DepEd 8/13/04
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IV
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BFP VISION A modern, efficient and responsive national fire protection agency working towards a public safety conscious society. BFP MISSION To protect lives and properties through the prevention and suppression of destructive fires; investigation of their causes; and the provision of emergency medical and rescue services with the active support of the public. LEGAL MANDATE The Bureau of Fire Protection was created by virtue of RA 6975 primarily to perform the following functions: 1. Be responsible for the prevention and suppression of all destructive fires on: Buildings, houses and other structures; Forest; Land transportation vehicles and equipment; Ships or vessels docked at piers or wharves anchored in major sea ports; Petroleum industry installations; Plane crashes; and others similar incidents. 2. Be responsible for the enforcement of the Fire Code of the Philippines (P. D. 1185) and other related laws; 3. Shall have the power to investigate all causes of fires and if necessary, file the proper complaint with the city or provincial prosecutor who has jurisdiction over the case; 4. In time of national emergency, all elements of the BFP shall upon direction of the President, assist the AFP in meeting the national emergency; and 5. Shall establish at least one (1) fire station with adequate personnel, fire fighting facilities and equipment in every provincial
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capital, city and municipality subject to standard rules and regulations as may be promulgated by the DILG . REPUBLIC ACT NR 8551 Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998 In times of national emergency, the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) along with the Philippine National Police (PNP) shall, upon the direction of the President, assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) in meeting the national emergency, in addition to the performance of their inherent functions as mandated by law. REPUBLIC ACT NR 6975 Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) Act of 1990 The tasks of fire protection and jail management and penology shall be the responsibility of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP), respectively. REPUBLIC ACT NR 9263 Rules and Regulations Implementing the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) Professionalization Act of 2004 As members of the uniformed service of the government under the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) as line bureaus are required the same amount of service and dedication as that of their counterparts in the AFP and PNP to carry out their respective duties to the extent of risking their lives and limbs in meeting national emergencies, in addition to the performance of their inherent functions as mandated by law. The BFP and BJMP personnel shall be professionalized and restructured by upgrading their level of qualifications and standardizing the base pay, retirement and other benefits of uniformed personnel, making them at par with those of the PNP and the AFP.
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SCHOOL FIRE SAFETY CHECKLIST

JUNIOR FIRE MARSHAL II FIRE SAFETY CHECKLIST This checklist is provided by the Bureau of Fire Protection as a template which provides a basic framework for the daily inspection of the Junior Fire Marshal of the Day. This should not be regarded as exhaustive because a fire safety auditor or a firefighter from the local fire station/department will assist the Junior Fire Marshal in conducting the safety inspection. The JFM shall act as fire safety steward. The following model of points to be looked at has been formulated, which covers most fire safety items. The JFM may add reference to any particular hazards which are presented by specific school activities. ITEMS TO BE CHECKED A. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS 1. Are all fire extinguishers in position? 2. Are pins and seals provided? 3. Are all fire extinguishers ready for use? 4. Are clear procedures in place for the use of these extinguishers? 5. Is there a fire extinguisher in each building/room? 6. Has the fire service/bureau visited your school to check/test the fire extinguishers? B. MEANS OF EGRESS 1. Are all means of escape (primary and secondary) unobstructed? 2. Are all means of escape clearly marked and indicated? 3. Do the door devices on all means of escape operate properly? 4. Are all external routes clear and accessible? 5. Has the fire department visited your school to check the means of egress? C. FIRE ACTION NOTICES 1. Are sufficient up-to-date fire action notices prominently displayed throughout the school? YES NO N/A
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2. Are these notices legible? 3. Has the junior fire marshal identified a meeting place outside the classroom where the students can assemble in the event of an emergency in the school? D. FIRE WARNING SYSTEM 1. Are all operating points (i.e break glass units) of the fire warning system unobstructed? 2. Are all operating points ready for use? E. ELECTRICAL 1. Are all electrical supply points operating within safe limits (i.e. none are overloaded)? 2. Are all cables protected? 3. Are all cables, plugs, etc, damage free? F. EMERGENCY HOTLINES 1. Has the number of the local fire station been clearly posted on or near the phone? 2. Has the national emergency hotline 117 been conspicuously posted around the school premises? 3. Does your classmates know when and how to report an emergency? G. HAZARD CONTROL 1. Are appropriate No-Smoking signs available as required? 2. Are correct/suitable process control in place? 3. Are flammables being correctly used and stored within the school? 4. Are ignition sources being correctly used within the school? 5. Are trash dumpsters stored more than five feet away from combustible walls, openings or materials? H. CONDUCT OF ORIENTATION ON FIRE SAFETY PRACTICES 1. Has orientation/seminars on fire safety practices been regularly conducted by the fire bureau/service?
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Once the inspection is completed, those items which have attracted a No response, will normally require remedial attention. Deficiencies identified in this way should be notified to the appropriate office, e.g. Local Fire Station, School Administrator or Principal, for appropriate action. Copies of the inspection form and requests for request for remedial action should be retained on file. Reported by: ___________________________ (JFM of the Day) Fire Safety Inspection Officer, BFP _____________________________ Remarks: Noted by: ________________________________ (Teacher/Adviser)
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K/JFM PPROJECT COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Chairman USEC MARIUS P CORPUS Co-Chairman F/DIR ROGELIO F ASIGNADO OPR SSUPT ENRIQUE C LINSANGAN Members SSUPT JACINTO C DICQUIATCO SUPT HERBERT B CEZAR SUPT ALOVEEL B FERRER SUPT BOBBY B BARUELO CINSP OSCAR P VILLEGAS SINSP VICTORIA A DOMINGO Technical Staff/Support Group INSP JEANNETTE SANTOS FO3 Neil Adam Mongcal FO1 Estrella Luz M Lantion FO1 Ryan D Asuncion FO1 Joan Sj Magbuhos FO1 Violeta F Ramirez
fsto_nhqbfp@yahoo.com

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Ryan // fsto_nhqbfp@yahoo.

Undersecretary for Peace and Order

MODULE: THE CHEMISTRY OF FIRE AND EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SCHOOL FIRE SAFETY CHECKLIST

K/JFM PPROJECT COMMITTEE MEMBERS

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