Renunciation of work Vs Work in Devotion

1.
2.59 vi vinivartante nir h r s dehin rasa-v rj raso 'py asya p r d v nivartate
SYNONYMS v y objects for sense enjoyment; vinivartante are practiced to be refrained from; n r h r sy by negative restrictions; h n for the embodied; rasa-varjam giving up the taste; r s sense of enjoyment; api although there is; asya his; param far superior things; v by experiencing; nivartate he ceases from. TRANSLATION

The embodied soul may be restricted from sense enjoyment, though the taste for sense objects remains. But, ceasing such engagements by experiencing a higher taste, he is fixed in consciousness.
PURPORT Unless one is transcendentally situated, it is not possible to cease from sense enjoyment. The process of restriction from sense enjoyment by rules and regulations is something like restricting a diseased person from certain types of eatables. The patient, however, neither likes such restrictions nor loses his taste for eatables. Similarly, sense restr t n y s s r tu r ss -yoga, in the matter of yama, niyama, s n , r y , r ty h r , h r , hy n , etc., is recommended for less intelligent persons who have no better knowledge. But one who has tasted the beauty of the Supreme Lord , in the course of his advancement in consciousness, no longer has a taste for dead, material things. Therefore, restrictions are there for the less intelligent neophytes in the spiritual advancement of life, but such restrictions are only good until one actually has a taste for consciousness. When one is actually conscious, he automatically loses his taste for pale things.

2.

3.3 r-bh g v n uv c loke 'smin dvi-vidh ni h pur prokt m n gh j n -yogena s kh n karma-yogena ogin m

SYNONYMS r- h v n uv the Supreme Personality of Godhead said; loke in the world; asmin this; dvi-v h two kinds of; ni h faith; ur formerly; r t were said; y by Me; anagha O sinless one; j n -yogena by the linking process of knowledge; s hy n of the empiric philosophers; karma-yogena by the linking process of devotion; y n of the devotees. TRANSLATION

The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: O sinless Arjuna, I have already explained that there are two classes of men who try to realize the self. Some are inclined to understand it by empirical, philosophical speculation, and others by devotional service.
PURPORT In the Second Chapter, verse 39, the Lord explained two kinds of procedures namely s hy -yoga and karma-yoga, or buddhi-yoga. In this verse, the Lord explains the same more clearly. S hy -yoga, or the analytical study of the nature of spirit and matter, is the subject matter for persons who are inclined to speculate and understand things by experimental knowledge and philosophy. The other class of men work in consciousness, as it is explained in the 61st verse of the Second Chapter. The Lord has explained, also in the 39th verse, that by working by the principles of buddhi-yoga, or consciousness, one can be relieved from the bonds of action; and, furthermore, there is no flaw in the process. The same principle is more clearly explained in the 61st verse that this buddhi-yoga is to depend entirely on the Supreme (or more specifically, on ), and in this way all the senses can be brought under control very easily. Therefore, both the yogas are interdependent, as religion and philosophy. Religion without philosophy is sentiment, or sometimes fanaticism, while philosophy without religion is mental speculation. The ultimate goal is , because the philosophers who are also sincerely searching after the Absolute Truth come in the end to consciousness. This is also stated in the Bhagavad- t . The whole process is to understand the real position of the self in relation to the Superself. The indirect process is philosophical speculation, by which, gradually, one may come to the point of consciousness; and the other process is directly connecting with everything in consciousness. Of these two, the path of consciousness is better because it does not depend on purifying the senses by a philosophical process. consciousness is itself the purifying process, and by the direct method of devotional service it is simultaneously easy and sublime.

3.
3.4 na k rm m n r mbh n n i k rm puru o nute na ca s nn s n d eva siddhi samadhigacchati
SYNONYMS na not; r of prescribed duties; n r h t by nonperformance; n r y freedom from reaction; uru a man; nut achieves; na nor; ca also; s nny s n t by renunciation; eva simply; siddhim success; samadhigacchati attains. TRANSLATION

Not by merely abstaining from work can one achieve freedom from reaction, nor by renunciation alone can one attain perfection.
PURPORT

The renounced order of life can be accepted when one has been purified by the discharge of the prescribed form of duties which are laid down just to purify the hearts of materialistic men. Without purification, one cannot attain success by abruptly adopting the fourth order of life (s nny sa). According to the empirical philosophers, simply by adoptings nny s , or retiring from fruitive activities, one at once becomes as good as N r y . But Lord does not approve this principle. Without purification of heart, s nny s is simply a disturbance to the social order. On the other hand, if someone takes to the transcendental service of the Lord, even without discharging his prescribed duties, whatever he may be able to advance in the cause is accepted by the Lord (buddhi-yoga). Sv-alpam apy asya dharmasya tr y t mahato h y t. Even a slight performance of such a principle enables one to overcome great difficulties.

4.
3.5 na hi k cit k m api j tu ti h t akarma-k t k r te hy v karma s rv pr k ti-jair gu i
SYNONYMS na nor; hi certainly; t anyone; a moment; api also; j tu at any time; t h t remains; akarma- t without doing something; ry t is forcedto do; hi certainly; v helplessly; karma work; s rv all; r t j born of the modes of material nature; u by the qualities. TRANSLATION

Everyone is forced to act helplessly according to the qualities he has acquired from the modes of material nature; therefore no one can refrain from doing something, not even for a moment.
PURPORT It is not a question of embodied life, but it is the nature of the soul to be always active. Without the presence of the spirit soul, the material body cannot move. The body is only a dead vehicle to be worked by the spirit soul, which is always active and cannot stop even for a moment. As such, the spirit soul has to be engaged in the good work of consciousness, otherwise it will be engaged in occupations dictated by illusory energy. In contact with material energy, the spirit soul acquires material modes, and to ur fy th s u fr su h ff n t s t s n ss ry t n n th r s r ut s nj n n th str s. But if the soul is engaged in his natural function of consciousness, whatever he is able to do is good for him. The r -Bh v t (1.5.17) affirms this: ty tv sva- h r r uj harer bhajann apakvo 'tha patet tato yadi yatra kva v h r h u y ko v rth t ' h j t sva- h r t "If someone takes to consciousness, even th u h h yn tf w th r s r ut s n th str s r x ut th devotional service properly, and even though he may fall down from the standard, there is no loss or evil for him. But if he carries out all the injunctions for purification in th str s, wh t s t v h fh sn t conscious?" So the purificatory process is necessary for reaching this point of consciousness. Therefore, s nny s , or any purificatory process, is to help reach the ultimate goal of becoming conscious, without which everything is considered a failure.

5.

3.6 k rmendri is m ya ste m n s smaran indri rth n vim h tm mith c r sa ucyate

SYNONYMS karma- n r y the five working sense organs; s y y controlling; y anyone who; st remains; n s by the mind; smaran thinking of; indriya- rth n sense objects; v h foolish; t soul; thy r pretender; s he; ucyate is called. TRANSLATION

One who restrains the senses of action but whose mind dwells on sense objects certainly deludes himself and is called a pretender.
PURPORT There are many pretenders who refuse to work in consciousness but make a show of meditation, while actually dwelling within the mind upon sense enjoyment. Such pretenders may also speak on dry philosophy in order to bluff sophisticated followers, but according to this verse these are the greatest cheaters. For sense enjoyment one can act in any capacity of the social order, but if one follows the rules and regulations of his particular status, he can make gradual progress in purifying his existence. But he who makes a show of being a y while actually searching for the objects of sense gratification must be called the greatest cheater, even though he sometimes speaks of philosophy. His knowledge has no value, because the effects of such a sinful man's knowledge are taken away by the illusory energy of the Lord. Such a pretender's mind is always impure, and therefore his show of yogic meditation has no value whatsoever.

6.
3.7 yas tv indri im n s ni m r bh te rjun k rmendri i karma-yogam s kt sa vii te
SYNONYMS y one who; tu but; n r y the senses; n s by the mind; niyamya regulating; r h t begins; arjuna O Arjuna; karma- n r y by the active sense organs; karma-yogam devotion; s t without attachment; s he; v y t is by far the better. TRANSLATION

On the other hand, if a sincere person tries to control the active senses by the mind and begins karmayoga [in consciousness] without attachment, he is by far superior.
PURPORT

Instead of becoming a pseudo transcendentalist for the sake of wanton living and sense enjoyment, it is far better to remain in one's own business and execute the purpose of life, which is to get free from material bondage and enter into the kingdom of God. Th r sv rth -gati, or goal of self-interest, is to reach u. The whole institution of v r and r is designed to help us reach this goal of life. A householder can also reach this destination by regulated service in consciousness. For selfr z t n, n n v ntr f , s r s r n th str s, n nt nu rry n ut h s usiness without attachment, and in that way make progress. A sincere person who follows this method is far better situated than the false pretender who adopts show-bottle spiritualism to cheat the innocent public. A sincere sweeper in the street is far better than the charlatan meditator who meditates only for the sake of making a living.

7.
3.8 ni t kuru karma tv karma j o h k rm rr - tr pi ca te na prasiddhyed k rm
SYNONYMS niyatam prescribed; kuru do; karma duties; tvam you; karma work; jy y better; hi certainly; r than no work; rr bodily; y tr maintenance; api even; ca also; te your; na never; prasiddhyet is effected; r without work. TRANSLATION

Perform your prescribed duty, for doing so is better than not working. One cannot even maintain one's physical body without work.
PURPORT There are many pseudo meditators who misrepresent themselves as belonging to high parentage, and great professional men who falsely pose that they have sacrificed everything for the sake of advancement in spiritual life. Lord did not want Arjuna to become a pretender. Rather, the Lord desired that Arjuna rf r h s r s r ut s s s t f rth f r tr y s. Arjuna was a householder and a military general, and therefore it was better for him to remain as such and perform his religious duties as prescribed for the householder tr y . Such activities gradually cleanse the heart of a mundane man and free him from material contamination. So-called renunciation for the purpose of maintenance is never approved by the Lord, nor by any religious scripture. After all, one has to maintain one's body and soul together by some work. Work should not be given up capriciously, without purification of materialistic propensities. Anyone who is in the material world is certainly possessed of the impure propensity for lording it over material nature, or, in other words, for sense gratification. Such polluted propensities have to be cleared. Without doing so, through prescribed duties, one should never attempt to become a so-called transcendentalist, renouncing work and living at the cost of others.

8.
3.9 j rth t k rm o n tr loko ' karma-b ndh n tad- rth karma kaunteya mukta-sa g s m c r

SYNONYMS yaja- rth t done only for the sake of Yaja, or u; r than work; anyatra otherwise; world; ayam this; karma- n h n bondage by work; tat of Him; artham for the sake; karma work; kaunteya O son of unt; mukta-s liberated from association; s r do perfectly. TRANSLATION

Work done as a sacrifice for i u has to be performed, otherwise work causes bondage in this material world. Therefore, O son of unt, perform your prescribed duties for His satisfaction, and in that way you will always remain free from bondage.
PURPORT Since one has to work even for the simple maintenance of the body, the prescribed duties for a particular social position and quality are so made that that purpose can be fulfilled. Yaja means Lord u, or sacrificial performances. All sacrificial performances also are meant for the satisfaction of Lord u. The Vedas enjoin: yajo vai v u . In other words, the same purpose is served whether one performs prescribed yajas or directly serves Lord u. consciousness is therefore performance of yaja as it is prescribed in this verse. The v r r institution also aims at satisfying Lord u. r r r v t uru r u n v ur r hy t ( u ur 3.8.8). Therefore one has to work for the satisfaction of u. Any other work done in this material world will be a cause of bondage, for both good and evil work have their reactions, and any reaction binds the performer. Therefore, one has to work in consciousness to satisfy (or u); and while performing such activities one is in a liberated stage. This is the great art of doing work, and in the beginning this process requires very expert guidance. One should therefore act very diligently, under the expert guidance of a devotee of Lord , or under the direct instruction of Lord Himself (under whom Arjuna had the opportunity to work). Nothing should be performed for sense gratification, but everything should be done for the satisfaction of . This practice will not only save one from the reaction of work, but also gradually elevate one to transcendental loving service of the Lord, which alone can raise one to the kingdom of God.

9.
5.2 r-bh g v n uv c s nn s karma- og ca ni re s -k r v ubhau tayos tu karma-s nn s t karma-yogo vii te
SYNONYMS r- h v n uv the Personality of Godhead said; s nny s renunciation of work; karma-y work in devotion; ca also; n r y s -karau leading to the path of liberation; ubhau both; t y of the two; tu but; karma-s nny s t in comparison to the renunciation of fruitive work; karma-y work in devotion; v y t is better. TRANSLATION

The Personality of Godhead replied: The renunciation of work and work in devotion are both good for liberation. But, of the two, work in devotional service is better than renunciation of work.
PURPORT

Fruitive activities (seeking sense gratification) are cause for material bondage. As long as one is engaged in activities aimed at improving the standard of bodily comfort, one is sure to transmigrate to different types of bodies, thereby continuing material bondage perpetually. r -Bh v t (5.5.4-6) confirms this as follows: nn r tt kurute vikarma yad indriya- rt y t na s hu manye yata t n 'yam asann api -da s h r h v s t v abodha-j t y v n na j j s t t -tattvam y v t ry s t v mano vai r t yena rr - n h v n karma-v r yu t v y y t ny u hy n rt r na y v n mayi v su v na mucyate deha-yogena t v t "People are mad after sense gratification, and they do not know that this present body, which is full of miseries, is a result of one's fruitive activities in the past. Although this body is temporary, it is always giving one trouble in many ways. Therefore, to act for sense gratification is not good. One is considered to be a failure in life as long as he makes no inquiry about his real identity. As long as he does not know his real identity, he has to work for fruitive results for sense gratification, and as long as one is engrossed in the consciousness of sense gratification one has to transmigrate from one body to another. Although the mind may be engrossed in fruitive activities and influenced by ignorance, one must develop a love for devotional service to su v . Only then can one have the opportunity to get out of the bondage of material existence." Therefore, j n (or knowledge that one is not this material body but spirit soul) is not sufficient for liberation. One has to act in the status of spirit soul, otherwise there is no escape from material bondage. Action in consciousness is not, however, action on the fruitive platform. Activities performed in full knowledge strengthen one's advancement in real knowledge. Without consciousness, mere renunciation of fruitive activities does not actually purify the heart of a conditioned soul. As long as the heart is not purified, one has to work on the fruitive platform. But action in consciousness automatically helps one escape the result of fruitive action so that one need not descend to the material platform. Therefore action in consciousness is always superior to renunciation, which always entails a risk of falling. Renunciation without consciousness is incomplete, as is confirmed by r R G sv n h s Bhakti-r s t -sindhu (1.2.258): r t y u hy hari-sambandhi-v stun u u u h r ty v r y phalgu kathyate "When persons eager to achieve liberation renounce things related to the Supreme Personality of Godhead, thinking them to be material, their renunciation is called incomplete." Renunciation is complete when it is in the knowledge that everything in existence belongs to the Lord and that no one should claim proprietorship over anything. One should understand that, factually, nothing belongs to anyone. Then where is the question of renunciation? One who knows that everything is 's property is always situated in renunciation. Since everything belongs to , everything should be employed in the service of . This perfect form of action in consciousness is far better than any amount of artificial renunciation by a s nny s of the M y v school.

10.
5.3 je sa nitya-s nn s yo na dve i na k k ti nirdvandvo hi m h -b ho sukh b ndh t pramucyate
SYNONYMS

j y should be known; s he; nitya always; s nny s renouncer; y who; na never; v abhors; na nor; t desires; n r v n v free from all dualities; hi certainly; h - h O mighty-armed one; sukham happily; n h t from bondage; pramucyate is completely liberated. TRANSLATION

One who neither hates nor desires the fruits of his activities is known to be always renounced. Such a person, free from all dualities, easily overcomes material bondage and is completely liberated, O mighty-armed Arjuna.
PURPORT One who is fully in consciousness is always a renouncer because he feels neither hatred nor desire for the results of his actions. Such a renouncer, dedicated to the transcendental loving service of the Lord, is fully qualified in knowledge because he knows his constitutional position in his relationship with . He knows fully well that is the whole and that he is part and parcel of . Such knowledge is perfect because it is qualitatively and quantitatively correct. The concept of oneness with is incorrect because the part cannot be equal to the whole. Knowledge that one is one in quality yet different in quantity is correct transcendental knowledge leading one to become full in himself, having nothing to aspire to or lament over. There is no duality in his mind because whatever he does, he does for . Being thus freed from the platform of dualities, he is liberated even in this material world.

11.
5.4 s kh -yogau p th g b l pravadanti na p it ekam apy sthit samyag ubhayor vindate phalam
SYNONYMS s hy analytical study of the material world; yogau work in devotional service; th different; the less intelligent; pravadanti say; na never; t the learned; ekam in one; api even; sth t being situated; samyak complete; u h y of both; vindate enjoys; phalam the result. TRANSLATION

Only the ignorant speak of devotional service [karma-yoga] as being different from the analytical study of the material world [S kh ]. Those who are actually learned say that he who applies himself well to one of these paths achieves the results of both.
PURPORT The aim of the analytical study of the material world is to find the soul of existence. The soul of the material world is u, or the Supersoul. Devotional service to the Lord entails service to the Supersoul. One process is to find the root of the tree, and the other is to water the root. The real student of S hy philosophy finds the root of the material world, u, and then, in perfect knowledge, engages himself in the service of the Lord. Therefore, in essence, there is no difference between the two because the aim of both is u. Those who do not know the ultimate end say that the purposes of S hy and karma-yoga are not the same, but one who is learned knows the unifying aim in these different processes.

12.

5.5 yat s kh i pr p te sth n tad yogair api gamyate ek s kh ca og ca p ti sa p ti

SYNONYMS yat what; s hy by means of S hy philosophy; r y t is achieved; sth n place; tat that; y by devotional service; api also; gamyate one can attain; ekam one; s hy analytical study; ca and; yogam action in devotion; ca and; y one who; y t sees; s he; y t actually sees. TRANSLATION

One who knows that the position reached by means of analytical study can also be attained by devotional service, and who therefore sees analytical study and devotional service to be on the same level, sees things as they are.
PURPORT The real purpose of philosophical research is to find the ultimate goal of life. Since the ultimate goal of life is self-realization, there is no difference between the conclusions reached by the two processes. By S khya philosophical research one comes to the conclusion that a living entity is not a part and parcel of the material world but of the supreme spirit whole. Consequently, the spirit soul has nothing to do with the material world; his actions must be in some relation with the Supreme. When he acts in consciousness, he is actually in his constitutional position. In the first process, S hy , one has to become detached from matter, and in the devotional yoga process one has to attach himself to the work of consciousness. Factually, both processes are the same, although superficially one process appears to involve detachment and the other process appears to involve attachment. Detachment from matter and attachment to are one and the same. One who can see this sees things as they are.

13.
5.6 s nn s s tu m h -b ho du kh m ptum og t yoga-yukto munir brahma na cire dhig cch ti
SYNONYMS s nny s the renounced order of life; tu but; h - h O mighty-armed one; u h with; y t without devotional service;yoga-yu t one engaged in devotional service; Supreme; na r without delay; adhigacchati attains. TRANSLATION distress; tu afflicts one un a thinker; brahma the

Merely renouncing all activities yet not engaging in the devotional service of the Lord cannot make one happy. But a thoughtful person engaged in devotional service can achieve the Supreme without delay.

PURPORT Th r r tw ss s f s nny ss, r rs ns n th r n un r r f f . Th M y v s nny ss r n n th stu y of S hy philosophy, whereas the v s nny ss r n n th stu y f Bh v t philosophy, which affords the proper commentary on the nt -str s. Th M y v s nny ss s stu y th nt -str s, ut us their own commentary, called rr - h y , written by r ry . The students of the Bh v t school are engaged in the devotional service of the L r , r n t r tr r u t ns, n th r f r th v s nny ss h v ut n nts n th tr nscendental service of the Lord. The v s nny ss h v n th n t w th t r t v t s, n y t th y rf r v r us t v t s n their devotional service to the Lord. But the M y v s nny ss, n n th stu s f S hy and nt and speculation, cannot relish the transcendental service of the Lord. Because their studies become very tedious, they sometimes become tired of Brahman speculation, and thus they take shelter of the Bh v t without proper understanding. Consequently their study of the r -Bh v t becomes troublesome. Dry speculations and impersonal interpretations by artificial means are all useless for the M y v s nny ss. Th v s nny ss, wh r n n v t n s rv , are happy in the discharge of their transcendental duties, and they have the guarantee of ultimate entrance into the kingdom of God. The M y v s nny ss sometimes fall down from the path of self-realization and again enter into material activities of a philanthropic and altruistic nature, which are nothing but material engagements. Therefore, the conclusion is that those who are engaged in conscious activities r tt r s tu t th n th s nny ss n ns s u t n ut wh t s Brahman and what is not Brahman, although they too come to consciousness, after many births.

14.
5.7 yoga- ukto viuddh tm vijit tm jitendri sarva-bh t tm -bh t tm kurvann api na lipyate
SYNONYMS yoga-yu t engaged in devotional service; v u h - t a purified soul; vijita- t self-controlled; jita- n r y having conquered the senses; sarva- ht to all living entities; t - ht - t compassionate; kurvan api although engaged in work; na never; lipyate is entangled. TRANSLATION

One who works in devotion, who is a pure soul, and who controls his mind and senses is dear to everyone, and everyone is dear to him. Though always working, such a man is never entangled.
PURPORT One who is on the path of liberation by consciousness is very dear to every living being, and every living being is dear to him. This is due to his consciousness. Such a person cannot think of any living being as separate from , just as the leaves and branches of a tree are not separate from the tree. He knows very well that by pouring water on the root of the tree, the water will be distributed to all the leaves and branches, or by supplying food to the stomach, the energy is automatically distributed throughout the body. Because one who works in consciousness is servant to all, he is very dear to everyone. And because everyone is satisfied by his work, he is pure in consciousness. Because he is pure in consciousness, his mind is completely controlled. And because his mind is controlled, his senses are also controlled. Because his mind is always fixed on , there is no chance of his being deviated from . Nor is there a chance that he will engage his senses in matters other than the service of the Lord. He does not like to hear anything except topics relating to ; he does not like to eat anything which is not offered to ; and he does not wish to go anywhere if is not involved. Therefore, his senses are controlled. A man of controlled senses cannot be offensive to anyone. One may ask, "Why then was Arjuna offensive (in battle) to others? Wasn't he in consciousness?" Arjuna was only superficially offensive because (as has already been explained in the Second Chapter) all the assembled persons on the battlefield would continue to live individually, as the soul cannot be slain. So, spiritually, no one was killed on the Battlefield of uru tr . Only their dresses were changed by the order of , who was personally present.

Therefore Arjuna, while fighting on the Battlefield of uru tr , was not really fighting at all; he was simply carrying out the orders of in full consciousness. Such a person is never entangled in the reactions of work.

15.
18.2 r-bh g v n uv c k m n k rm n s s nn s kavayo vidu sarva-karma-phala-t g pr hus t g vic k
SYNONYMS r- h v n uv the Supreme Personality of Godhead said; y n with desire; r of activities; ny s renunciation; s nny s the renounced order of life; v y the learned; v u know; sarva of all; karma activities; phala of results; ty renunciation; r hu call; ty renunciation; v the experienced. TRANSLATION

The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: The giving up of activities that are based on material desire is what great learned men call the renounced order of life [s nn s ]. And giving up the results of all activities is what the wise call renunciation [t g ].
PURPORT The performance of activities for results has to be given up. This is the instruction of Bhagavad- t . But activities leading to advanced spiritual knowledge are not to be given up. This will be made clear in the next verses. In the Vedic literature there are many prescriptions of methods for performing sacrifice for some particular purpose. There are certain sacrifices to perform to attain a good son or to attain elevation to the higher planets, but sacrifices prompted by desires should be stopped. However, sacrifice for the purification of one's heart or for advancement in the spiritual science should not be given up.

16.
18.3 t j do -vad ity eke karma pr hur m n i yaja-d n -t p -karma na t j m iti c p re
SYNONYMS ty jy must be given up; -vat as an evil; iti thus; eke one group; karma work; r hu they say; n great thinkers; yaja of sacrifice; n charity; t and penance; karma works; na never; ty jy are to be given up; iti thus; ca and; apare others. TRANSLATION

Some learned men declare that all kinds of fruitive activities should be given up as faulty, yet other sages maintain that acts of sacrifice, charity and penance should never be abandoned.
PURPORT There are many activities in the Vedic literature which are subjects of contention. For instance, it is said that an animal can be killed in a sacrifice, yet some maintain that animal killing is completely abominable. Although animal killing in a sacrifice is recommended in the Vedic literature, the animal is not considered to be killed. The sacrifice is to give a new life to the animal. Sometimes the animal is given a new animal life after being killed in the sacrifice, and sometimes the animal is promoted immediately to the human form of life. But there are different opinions among the sages. Some say that animal killing should always be avoided, and others say that for a specific sacrifice it is good. All these different opinions on sacrificial activity are now being clarified by the Lord Himself.

17.
18.4 nic u me tatra t ge bharata-sattama t go hi puru -v ghr tri-vidh s mpr krtit
SYNONYMS n y certainty; u hear; me from Me; tatra therein; ty in the matter of renunciation; bharata-sat-tama O st f th Bh r t s; ty renunciation; hi certainly; uru -vy hr O tiger among human beings; tri-v h of three kinds; s r rt t is declared. TRANSLATION

O best of the Bh r t s, now he r M judgment about renunciation. O tiger among men, renunciation is declared in the scriptures to be of three kinds.
PURPORT Although there are differences of opinion about renunciation, here the Supreme Personality of Godhead, r , gives His judgment, which should be taken as final. After all, the Vedas are different laws given by the Lord. Here the Lord is personally present, and His word should be taken as final. The Lord says that the process of renunciation should be considered in terms of the modes of material nature in which they are performed.

18.
18.5 yaja-d n -t p -karma na t j k r m eva tat yajo d n t p caiva p v n ni m n i m

SYNONYMS yaja of sacrifice; n charity; t and penance; karma activity; na never; ty jy to be given up; must be done; eva certainly; tat that; y j sacrifice; n charity; t penance; ca also; eva certainly; v n n purifying; n even for the great souls. TRANSLATION ry

Acts of sacrifice, charity and penance are not to be given up; they must be performed. Indeed, sacrifice, charity and penance purify even the great souls.
PURPORT Th y s sh u rf r ts f r th v n nt f hu n s ty. Th r r ny ur f t ry r ss s f r v n n human being to spiritual life. The marriage ceremony, for example, is considered to be one of these sacrifices. It is called v v h yaja. Should a s nny s, who is in the renounced order of life and who has given up his family relations, encourage the marriage ceremony? The Lord says here that any sacrifice which is meant for human welfare should never be given up. v h -yaja, the marriage ceremony, is meant to regulate the human mind so that it may become peaceful for spiritual advancement. For most men, this v v h -yaja sh u n ur v n y rs ns n th r n un r r f f . S nny ss sh u n v r ss t w th women, but that does not mean that one who is in the lower stages of life, a young man, should not accept a wife in the marriage ceremony. All prescribed sacrifices are meant for achieving the Supreme Lord. Therefore, in the lower stages, they should not be given up. Similarly, charity is for the purification of the heart. If charity is given to suitable persons, as described previously, it leads one to advanced spiritual life.

19.
18.6 s et n api tu k rm i g t ktv ph l ni ca k rt v nti me p rth nicit matam uttamam
SYNONYMS t n all these; api certainly; tu but; r activities; s association; ty tv renouncing; h results; ca also; rt vy n should be done as duty;iti thus; me My; rth O son of th ; n t definite; matam opinion; uttamam the best. TRANSLATION n

All these activities should be performed without attachment or any expectation of result. They should be performed as a matter of duty, O son of th . That is My final opinion.
PURPORT Although all sacrifices are purifying, one should not expect any result by such performances. In other words, all sacrifices which are meant for material advancement in life should be given up, but sacrifices that purify one's existence and elevate one to the spiritual plane should not be stopped. Everything that leads to consciousness must be encouraged. In the r Bh v t also it is said that any activity which leads to devotional service to the Lord should be accepted. That is the highest criterion of religion. A devotee of the Lord should accept any kind of work, sacrifice or charity which will help him in the discharge of devotional service to the Lord.

20.
18.7 niyatasya tu s nn s k rm o nop p d te moh t tasya p rit g s t m s p rikrtit
SYNONYMS niyatasya prescribed; tu but; s nny s renunciation; r of activities; na never; upapadyate is deserved; h t by illusion; tasya of them; r ty renunciation; t s in the mode of ignorance; r rt t declared. TRANSLATION

is

Prescribed duties should never be renounced. If one gives up his prescribed duties because of illusion, such renunciation is said to be in the mode of ignorance.
PURPORT Work for material satisfaction must be given up, but activities which promote one to spiritual activity, like cooking for the Supreme Lord and offering the food to the Lord and then accepting the food, are recommended. It is said that a person in the renounced order of life should not cook for himself. Cooking for oneself is prohibited, but cooking for the Supreme Lord is not prohibited. Similarly, a s nny s may perform a marriage ceremony to help his disciple in the advancement of consciousness. If one renounces such activities, it is to be understood that he is acting in the mode of darkness.

21.
18.8 du kh m ity eva yat karma k -kle -bh t tyajet sa k tv r j s t g naiva t g -ph l labhet
SYNONYMS u h unhappy; iti thus; eva certainly; yat which; karma work; y for the body; out of fear; tyajet gives up; s he; tv after doing; r j s in the mode of passion; ty not; eva certainly; ty of renunciation; phalam the results; labhet gains. TRANSLATION trouble; h y t renunciation; na

Anyone who gives up prescribed duties as troublesome or out of fear of bodily discomfort is said to have renounced in the mode of passion. Such action never leads to the elevation of renunciation.

PURPORT One who is in consciousness should not give up earning money out of fear that he is performing fruitive activities. If by working one can engage his money in consciousness, or if by rising early in the morning one can advance his transcendental consciousness, one should not desist out of fear or because such activities are considered troublesome. Such renunciation is in the mode of passion. The result of passionate work is always miserable. If a person renounces work in that spirit, he never gets the result of renunciation.

22.
18.9 k r m ity eva yat karma ni t kriyate 'rjuna s g t ktv ph l caiva sa t g s ttviko m t
SYNONYMS ry it must be done; iti thus; eva indeed; yat which; karma work; niyatam prescribed; kriyate is performed; arjuna O Arjuna; s association;ty tv giving up; phalam the result; ca also; eva certainly; s that; ty renunciation; s ttv in the mode of goodness; t in My opinion. TRANSLATION

O Arjuna, when one performs his prescribed duty only because it ought to be done, and renounces all material association and all attachment to the fruit, his renunciation is said to be in the mode of goodness.
PURPORT Prescribed duties must be performed with this mentality. One should act without attachment for the result; he should be disassociated from the modes of work. A man working in consciousness in a factory does not associate himself with the work of the factory, nor with the workers of the factory. He simply works for . And when he gives up the result for , he is acting transcendentally.

23.
18.10 na dve ku l karma ku le n nu jj te t g sattva-s m vi o medh v chinna-s
SYNONYMS na never; v hates; u inauspicious; karma work; u becomes attached; ty the renouncer; sattva ingoodness; s v cut off; s y all doubts. in the auspicious; na nor; nu jj t absorbed; h v intelligent; chinna having

TRANSLATION

The intelligent renouncer situated in the mode of goodness, neither hateful of inauspicious work nor attached to auspicious work, has no doubts about work.
PURPORT A person in consciousness or in the mode of goodness does not hate anyone or anything which troubles his body. He does work in the proper place and at the proper time without fearing the troublesome effects of his duty. Such a person situated in transcendence should be understood to be most intelligent and beyond all doubts in his activities.

24.
18.11 t na hi deha-bh t k ktu k rm y e t yas tu karma-phala-t g sa t gt bhidh te
SYNONYMS na never; hi certainly; deha- h t by the embodied; y is possible; tyaktum to be renounced; r activities; t altogether; y anyone who; tu but; karma of work; phala of the result; ty the renouncer; s he; ty the renouncer; iti thus; abhidhy t is said. TRANSLATION

It is indeed impossible for an embodied being to give up all activities. But he who renounces the fruits of action is called one who has truly renounced.
PURPORT It is said in Bhagavad- t that one can never give up work at any time. Therefore he who works for and does not enjoy the fruitive results, who offers everything to , is actually a renouncer. There are many members of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness who work very hard in their office or in the factory or some other place, and whatever they earn they give to the Soci ty. Su h h h y v t s us r tu y s nny ss n r s tu t n th r n un r r f f . It s ry outlined here how to renounce the fruits of work and for what purpose fruits should be renounced.

25.
18.12 ni mi mir ca tri-vidh k rm phalam bhavaty t gin pretya na tu s nn sin kvacit

SYNONYMS n leading to hell; leading to heaven; r mixed; ca and; tri-vidham of three kinds; r of work; phalam the result; bhavati comes; ty n for those who are not renounced; pretya after death; na not; tu but; s nny s n for the renounced order; kvacit at any time. TRANSLATION

For one who is not renounced, the threefold fruits of action desirable, undesirable and mixed accrue after death. But those who are in the renounced order of life have no such result to suffer or enjoy.
PURPORT A person in consciousness acting in knowledge of his relationship with have to enjoy or suffer the results of his acts after death. is always liberated. Therefore he does not