DR.

RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL LAW UNVERSITY, LUCKNOW

2013-2014

FINAL DRAFT ENGLISH ON

GENDER AND DISCRIMINATION

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: SUBMITTED BY:

Dr.(Mrs.) Alka Singh Assistant Professor (English)

Dr. RMLNLU, Lucknow

Shivam Kumar
Roll No. : 123 B.A.LLB(Hons.) Sem. 1st

TABLE OF CONTENT

Topic

Page No.

1. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

2. INTRODUCTION 3. MEANING AND DEFINATION 4. ISSUES RELATED TO THE SOCIETY 5. MEASURES TO REFORM GENDER AND DISCRIMINATION

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6. LAWS RELATING TO GENDER AND DISCRIMINATION 9 7. CONCLUSION 10

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported me during the writing of this project. I would like to express my special thanks and gratitude to my teacher Mrs. Alka Singh who gave me the golden opportunity to do this project which also helped me in doing a lot of research work and I came to know about a lot of new things. I am really thankful to them. Secondly I would also like to thank my friends who helped me a lot in finishing this project within the limited time. I am making this project not only for marks but also to increase my knowledge. Thanks again to all who helped me.

- Shivam Kumar

INTRODUCTION

When a boy is born in most developing countries, friends and relatives exclaim congratulations. A son means insurance. He will inherit his father's property and get a job to help support the family. When a girl is born, the reaction is very different. Some women weep when they find out their baby is a girl because, to them, a daughter is just another expense. Her place is in the home, not in the world of men. In some parts of India, it's traditional to greet a family with a newborn girl by saying, "The servant of your household has been born." A girl can't help but feel inferior when everything around her tells her that she is worth less than a boy. Her identity is forged as soon as her family and society limit her opportunities and declare her to be second-rate. A combination of extreme poverty and deep biases against women creates a remorseless cycle of discrimination that keeps girls in developing countries from living up to their full potential. It also leaves them vulnerable to severe physical and emotional abuse. These "servants of the household" come to accept that life will never be any different.
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Gender discrimination refers to the practice of granting or denying rights or privileges to a person based on their gender. Gender discrimination is when people of either gender are treated unfairly within society because of their gender.

MEANING AND DEFINATION

Gender discrimination refers to the practice of granting or denying rights or privileges to a person based on their gender. Gender discrimination is the unfair treatment or judgment of an individual based on his gender. This type of discrimination is especially rampant in the area of employment, where promotion, job employment, wage and other benefits tend to be gender biased. In the past few decades, gender discrimination has gained respect as a serious affront. It is frequently given as much credence as racial discrimination. Discrimination against girls and women in the developing world is a devastating reality. The status of women is central to the health of a society. If one part suffers, so does the whole. Attitudes toward gender discrimination can normally be traced back to the roots of certain segments of society. Much of the discrimination is attributed to stories such as a woman being made from mans rib and societal practices such as dowries paid to fathers by prospective husbands to purchase their daughters to be wives. Countless literary fiction references are made to females being the
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fairer, weaker sex and males being the strong, invincible hunters of the world. The combined power of these societal and religious beliefs left little room for equitable thinking for centuries.

ISSUES RELATED TO THE SOCIETY

Early in history, gender discrimination created social gaps between the two genders. Females were regarded as "less privileged" than males in educational and occupational opportunities. Males, on the other hand, were stereotyped as the "stronger" gender.

Throughout the world gender discrimination and stereotyping limit the full development and participation of girls and young women as well as boys and young men. Until all girls receive the same opportunities as their male counterparts, their fundamental human rights are denied and the conditions for sustainable development are unfulfilled. Very often women are treated poorly and unjustly by society and have little opportunity or lack the political voice to change the situation. Women have to face many problems due to this discrimination

1. They dont get equally and fairly paid for the work. 2. They are dont get proper education on proper time according to age. 3. They are forced to get married before time and age.

MEASURES TO REFORM GENDER AND DISCRIMINTION

Tackle the issue help young people to learn about gender discrimination and find out about the situation in their own country. Look at the laws relating to men and women, read stories in the newspapers, talk to people ages of different. In cases where the discriminatory act is repeated, legal action is customarily taken. These incidents commonly revolve around persons of a certain gender being summarily passed over for promotions by the same company. 1) Cultural empowerment enables young women and girls to make their own choices with regard to traditional beliefs and cultural practices. 2) Social empowerment provides the skills and opportunities for women and girls to organise and use their collective power to advocate for justice, fairness and equity on behalf of themselves and others.

3) Economic empowerment will give them the ability to generate income, own and control assets, access and use credit. They will realise greater choices in jobs and occupations and demand access to essential services for themselves, their families and their communities. 4) Political empowerment will enable women and girls to successfully influence decision-makers, including men, through their advocacy of fairer, appropriate allocation of resources. 5) Educational empowerment will provide numerous tangible benefits for the girls and women themselves and their families, which will be passed onto future generations. 6) Empowerment means individuals acquiring the power to think and act freely, exercise choice, and to fulfil their potential as full and equal members of society. 7) Equality means that women should have the same rights and entitlements as men to human, social, economic and cultural development, and equal voice in civil and political life. It does not mean that everyone should be the same, or that the benefits of development should be shared in exactly equal proportions by everyone.

LAWS RELATING TO GENDER AND DISCRIMINATION

The first significant piece of federal legislation that dealt with sex discrimination was the Equal Pay Act (EPA) of 1963 (29 U.S.C.A. 206(d)), which amended the Fair Labour Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C.A. 201 219) by prohibiting discrimination in the form of different compensation for jobs requiring equal skill, effort, and responsibility. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (15 U.S.C.A. 1691) prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex or marital status in the extension of credit. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C.A. 16811686) prohibits educational institutions receiving federal financial assistance from engaging in sex discrimination, including the exclusion of individuals from noncontact team sports on the basis of sex. ( In 1982 the Supreme Court extended this prohibition to sex-stereotyped admissions and employment practices of schools.)

CONCLUSION

You can help pull down the barriers that keep girls from attending school and begin to bring change for women in developing countries. The most direct way is by easing the financial need that forces families to take their children out of school in the first place.

Dozens of international organizations are working to improve the livelihood of impoverished people. By building infrastructure and providing aid, vocational training, and education programs, they give families in developing countries resources to create healthy and stable lives. That takes the burden of mere survival off young women and gives them the time to get an education. With practical help and encouragement, girls are more likely to enroll and stay in school.

UNICEF is encouraging all international organizations to come up with strategies for girls' education as part of their initial development plans. It has also started a movement to monitor school materials, facilities, and teachers to ensure that girls get a quality education that promotes appropriate perceptions of women, and that female students are given the same privileges as male students. All UNICEF and other reputable organizations need now are the resources to fund their efforts.

You can help begin to change the lives of women around the world by making a financial gift or raising awareness about girls in the developing world today. Children In Need offers internships and volunteer opportunities to people who want to help raise awareness of the issues tha impact children. You can support Amnesty International, UNICEF, UNIFEM and INSTRAW. Or find another organization youd like to support through Interaction. The need is clear, and
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though the obstacles to ending gender discrimination are high, they are not insurmountable.

BIBLOGRAPHY
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals http://www.oneworldaction.org http://www.childreninneed.org

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